There's an old African proverb that says if you want to travel fast, travel alone, but if you want to travel far, travel together. And that's what we're doing here today. We're traveling together with our partners from Ethiopia and the United States, working together to bring all our African land force chiefs and their senior listed lides together to really get after good dialogue and a pathway for the future. The office is very important as brothers and generals say. It's very important to bring all together and to solve with a cooperative effort. So for me it's very important. The end state for this is develop relationships with our African partners. When there's a crisis or an emergency we can pick up the phone and we can call each other. And really the most important thing that's come out of this interaction, this cooperation has been the development of the relationship between Ethiopia and the United States. And that's the most important thing.


Okay, we're back. We're live here on a given Wednesday with Energy in America and Lou Pulirisi who is now back from his travels, you know, in Dubai. He's back in Washington and he can speak to us now from the comfort of Washington, DC. Hi Lou, how are you? I'm good. I'm good. Thank you Jay. Good to be home. So we're going to talk today about methane. Methane in America. Methane in the energy mix, if you will, in America, how we got it and what we do with it and how it affects climate change. All those things right here on ThinkTech. Okay Lou, what is methane and how does it fit? So methane is actually another term for the chemical makeup of natural gas, right? So methane exists in the natural form. We'll see some tables on that in the United States. It is a very powerful greenhouse gas according to the folks that work on climate issues. So it has some leverage over CO2. On the other hand, it's much more short-lived than CO2. It doesn't remain in the atmosphere as long. What happens to it? It kind of breaks down into some form of CO2 and other components. So which one is a greater threat to climate change? I mean, people say that as bad as CO2 is, methane is worse. Is that true? Well, what do you think the total percentage of carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere? Do you have any idea? No, I don't, but I feel I'm going to know very soon. Within this half hour, I'm going to know. 0.04%. So the atmosphere only has 0.04% of carbon dioxide and has a much, much less percentage of methane. So I'm not saying that that is not enough to have an effect on the climate, but I'm just saying you need to put it kind of in perspective. And I don't think we want to talk about climate models today on this particular program. The basic assumption is we'll operate that man has contributed to change in the climate, that CO2 and methane are part of the phenomena of man's involvement, anthropogenic, or man-made emissions are contributing to the changing climate. And we'll should just leave it at that for now. We could have a longer discussion than it's at some point on what the debate is, but I usually find that's a kind of difficult discussion to have with people. People have sort of made up their minds. But I do think there is a very big issue on, okay, lots of people agree that man is affecting the climate, but there's widespread disagreement, even among scientists, on what is the magnitude of that damage function, if you like. Well, we look at Florida and tell you in a couple of days. So I just got a book from Mr. Professor Pelkey, which examines the history of weather and hurricanes over the last hundred years. And the Pelkey research, who is a member of the IPCC, a very prominent climatologist who says the data does not support that storms are more frequent or intense from climate change. Climate change can do lots of bad things, but it's not showing up in the dating intensity of storms or the frequency. Part of the problem with storms is that, and I used to fly with the hurricane hunters, I know a little bit about this. This was a long time ago, is that you need to adjust the damage calculations for the fact that many years ago, storms used to land in the U.S. and islands, but nobody was living there. Now, people are living in many of the places that are subject to storm damage, including more people on the coast. So it's not just a kind of anecdotal, oh, I saw this storm and it did a lot of damage. There must be a terrible climate catastrophe in the works. It just doesn't work that way. But because climate discussions are more emotional than fact-based or more emotional than kind of thought-based, I think there's not a lot you can do about how the public or some people in the public feel about this. A lot of people looking at these storms, and there's a lot of them lately, and they're really killer storms. You can say that. You can say all of that. We had the whole city of Galveston went underwater over 120 years ago. Yeah, we have a lot of storms. We always have a lot of storms. At some point, you have to look at the data. I'm most happy to do a whole program on this, if you would like, but the data does not report that the frequency or density of storms are more common now than they were over the last 200 years. It's not supported by the data. It's just like fires in California. It's the same thing. Well, let's talk about methane then. So I think the reason we're talking about this is there's been a lot of reports in the press that the Trump administration has now permitted large amounts of methane to go in the atmosphere because they won't regulate it. I think that's the kind of tagline from the press. I think it's more important to dig behind it and see what the real debate is. Part of the debate is the way we regulate pollutants in the United States or criteria pollutants of what methane is not one. In fact, the EPA under the Clean Air Act has a requirement to regulate volatile organic compounds, but not methane. Methane is not a criteria pollutant. However, under the endangerment finding of the Supreme Court, they're able to do that for new sources and some existing sources. Maybe we should just look and see how methane fits into our whole environmental loadings of climate gases and then talk a little bit about what we ought to do about it and what makes sense. I think that's the best way to get started. Okay, great. Yeah, very interested in that. Let's get a little fix on our first picture here on what's happening to power generation by fuel type. I think one of the issues, if we look at this particular chart, it shows you the makeup of the U.S. power sector in terms of the fuels. This is the power we get our electricity from. You can see in the blue line that coal is declining as a percentage of our power generation. The green line, so-called non-carbon generation, which includes nuclear, hydro, wind and solar, is growing. The other issue is the rapid growth in natural gas. Any discussion about methane has to also understand that methane leaks or methane. The general concern when you talk about methane is that when you produce and ship natural gas, some of it leaks into the atmosphere. Some of it leaks if you have bad, although there's a lot of incentives to not leak because it's worth money, some of it can leak into the atmosphere. That's a natural consequence of a rapid expansion of natural gas production. But a rapid expansion of natural gas production means we are using much less coal. Let me ask a footnote point. What is methane used for in industry, in energy? Methane is don't confuse it with methanol. Methane is another name for natural gas, uncombusted natural gas. It is the chemical makeup of natural gas. When someone says methane, they're just talking about uncombusted natural gas. It would appear in the same place on the periodic table of elements and all that. Absolutely. It's made up of elements of the periodic table. So the question is, how has the industry done generally in containing these leaks of uncombusted methane or natural gas? And keep in mind, when you see these big operations, which they are flaring natural gas, that's not methane. That's CO2. If you ignite the methane or the natural gas, it turns into CO2 and lots of other things. That's the important thing. So if we go to the next table here, the next figure, I think it's important to take a look here. What's been happening to changes in U.S. energy related carbon dioxide over the last 10 years, you see. And you can see here by this chart, if you look at it, you can see the pink is cold, the somewhat darker, the red, sort of like the reddish pink is natural gas. And petroleum or crude oil, I would like would be the dark figure. And I think what this shows is that U.S. energy related carbon dioxide emissions have been going up and down, but largely they have been going down. So they have been declining. Looks get a little better. They do vary from year to year. But as more natural gas enters the energy stream or the energy complex at less coal, the U.S., on net, is reducing its CO2 emissions. And let's go to the next chart. You mean emissions from vehicles, emissions from power plants? Oh, no, no. There's very little, in this case here, yes. So this, of course, the petroleum would be the emissions from vehicles. So this particular chart was a whole economy-wide estimate. But emissions of carbon dioxide from the U.S. economy, from the energy portion of the U.S. economy, I'm not talking about the cows and the people eating hamburgers and all this other stuff or the people breathing, is that is shown a reduction largely in the U.S. because natural gas is replacing coal. That's the kind of net number that a lot of people don't appreciate. That is why the U.S. is one of the, even though our per capita emissions are high, we're a wealthy country. We use a lot of energy. Our reductions over the last 10 years are better than any other industrial country and better than any other country. U.S. is the leader in reducing its emissions over the last 10 to 12 years. And let's go to the next chart. And you can see that in a little more, in a more clearer sort of view. So this shows you U.S. energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. from 1998 to 2018. And I would presume most people in the U.S., probably most people in the Hawaiian islands, would find this chart kind of surprising. I mean, if you look at this chart, going back to 1998, the U.S. has actually been reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. We have a little bump in 2018, but I believe the early data from 2019 show a decline. So I think that that is a kind of remarkable achievement in many ways. And that achievement is much more related to the fracking revolution than any policies good for the climate or bad for the climate implemented by either President Obama or President Trump. This is just a matter of better technology and fracking. Yeah, just a matter of gas backing out coal. That's what it's all about. It's not dominated by wind and solar. We're not producing enough wind and solar to really move the meter substantially on emissions.  So within that part of this, can we go back to that chart for a minute? Within the blue part, or make that the green part, the natural gas part, do we know how much of that natural gas is methane or should be considered methane? All of that natural gas is methane. Do we know how much of that natural gas is leaking into the environment? And we do have a series of studies. Yes, so we do have a series of studies by EPA. There's some debate over how accurate those studies are, but we're talking anywhere from one to one and a half percent of the total production of natural gas leaking into the environment. Although the remarkable thing is even though natural gas production has expanded by an enormous amount, I think the methane emission levels from say, from gas venting and flaring have declined about 17 percent from 2013 to 2016, even as domestic productions increased by over 20 percent. So they're getting better at it. And I think if you look at methane emissions from hydraulic fractured well completions, they declined 82 percent between 2013 and 2016. With all of that, why did the president, why is he trying to loosen the rules? So the question is there are two kinds of regulation effects, something called new sources and existing sources. And there's several reasons for this. One is the states do their own programs for controlling like Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio, California. They have programs for controlling methane. And under EPA's rules or the federal guidelines or rules, we have two sets of standards. We have a set of standards for new sources, right? New source performance standards. And then we had a set of standards for existing sources. And here I think the thinking there's a lot of different views on this, but thinking is that the new regs are not affecting new source performance standards. The president did not roll back those standards at all. This is all about existing sources. And within, and there are two reasons for this. One is in most cases, the states are already controlling their own set of rules for existing sources. And second, under the way regulation for pollutants that you like or criteria pollutants are used in the United States, there is concern that if you were to use, go after existing sources for which we don't have a very traditional way of controlling methane when we usually go after something called volatile organic compounds. And what happens is that it can be a stalking horse to shut down fossil fuels if a next administration comes along because they can say, look, you don't really have to use the traditional criteria. We can go after existing sources and say, well, if you violate this rule under existing sources, even though it's kind of problematic whether we have the authority, you're going to have to shut down because a large volume of US production, maybe, there are over a million wells in the US, but there's a lots and lots of wells run by small MAMPA operations that just produce a few barrels a day or a little bit of gas. And putting a very strict set of regulations on those would shut down that production. But I think there is a kind of fear here that those in the new green deal and want to shut down fossil production that this particular regulation could be used to shut down fossil fuel production in the US. Probably that's a bit overdone, but it is a genuine concern that a lot of people have. And the other part of it is you will see a lot of big companies are not against these new rules. But I think here the concern is, well, it's kind of a competitive issue, right? One way to kind of give the bigger companies a competitive advantage, because they have very large operations that can amortize over a big set of production centers, that if you put those same rules on very small operators, they would put them out of business. So are the operators big or small behind these rule changes? And have they come to the administration asking for these rule changes? I would say that the small operators were very much against, these are regs that were proposed during the Obama administration. They saw it as a sort of a duplicative of what their regulations were at the state level. And a set of regs put them at a high disadvantage because they could not, they didn't have the big kind of operations and economies of scale of the very large companies. And over time, these small guys are getting bought out and incorporated into the bigger companies. Is it that the bigger companies have the technology to? Absolutely, they have the technology, they have the resources, and they have consolidated operations. And there were also a lot of other concerns which have, for example, a lot of the operators want to use drones and satellite imagery to detect leaks. And the EPA and the regulations did not permit that, they only required, they required that leaks be detected through handheld devices, visits by inspectors or visits by, this is a very costly way to do it. So part of it is how you determine where the leaks are. And I think in many of the states, the operators are much more comfortable in working out with the state regulators who are much closer to the operations and they feel do a better job. In debate about this, is this really a federal, a federal responsibility or not? No, it's climate, it's a global issue. Okay, so let's go to the next chart and see what's going on with the performance here. So I think this is an interesting chart and you can see it's a gross domestic product and CO2 emissions for a seven-year period between 2009 and 2016. And you can see here that even though the economy and natural gas grew from, actually quite remarkably, like 20, 24 TCF a year to 28 TCF, big massive increase in GDP, a massive increase in natural gas, CO2 emissions declined. And this is really based on the technology, getting better controlling leaks, and that's adjusted for the impact of methane. And then finally, let's go to the next picture. I think this shows, most people might think that methane comes from only natural gas or only from petroleum. And this chart here is very interesting. It divides the sources of methane from those produced by man and from natural sources, right? And look here, fossil fuels is about 20% quarter of that coal. So if you look at all the sources of methane in the US, only about 15% comes from fossil fuels. 30% come from wetlands, 24% from agriculture, right? This is getting people to eat less hamburgers, things like that, biofuel. So it's quite, you sort of wonder, well, why is everybody focused on just this 15%? Why are not these other areas just as important? But I think the politics of those other areas are much more difficult. Well, you mentioned before that the methane dissolves more quickly. It doesn't stay here as long, right? But why would it stay in the atmosphere? Does it have a more profound effect than CO2? Yeah, it has a greater effect on kind of as a green, it's a more potent greenhouse gas. You know, I don't know if you saw this Lou, but it was about, I'd say, three weeks ago. And I think it was on 60 minutes. It was a story of a Russian scientist who had been spending a good part of his life. It's very interesting. With his son, it was also a scientist in above the Arctic Circle and in the permafrost area there, which has a history that can be identified by drilling into the permafrost. Anyway, he has found that the permafrost is melting. And as it melts, it releases the gases that have been trapped in it for many, many millennia. And those gases include primarily methane. So what's happening is, according to this scientist, is that as the permafrost melts, there's large areas of permafrost. I mean, this is a lot of territory. Gradually, right now, happening, the methane's coming up and joining the atmosphere, a big concern. And then I heard not too long after that, that the same process actually exists in other natural formations around the world, where we have methane being released, released above the Arctic and also below the Arctic, from natural processes. And it kind of spins up. It's a cyclical spinning. The release of methane causes more release of methane and so forth. And given that methane is, you know, as bad or worse than CO2, at least in the short term, this actually accelerates climate change. Have you seen or heard any of this? No, no, that's a very common story. I mean, as I said, the climate, I guess I'm a luke warmer. If you're asking me, I'm not a climate denier. I'm a luke warmer. I think you're luke warmer. Yeah, luke warmer. I think we can, I don't think it's the most serious problem facing mankind. I worry that a billion people don't have any electricity at all. I worry about nuclear war. I worry about poverty and declining conditions in the inner city. But in the political debate that I live in, this seems to be the only problem people are worried about. And I guess I have a lot more confidence that through technology, through the resourcefulness of mankind, we'll be able to deal with this and that we have a lot of time to deal with it. I don't believe we're all going to die in a few years. Actually, we may not have a lot of time to deal with it on this show. So why don't we go to your remaining slides? Okay, let's go to, yeah, so let's just go to the last couple of slides here. So first, yes, methane's a problem, but there are lots of other. It's US oil and gas. If you could do all the sources of methane in the world, we're only 1.4%. Yeah, we should do our part. We can do more. And I think making a big deal out of the Trump rule, which is really a technical issue more than a political one. And then if you go to the next picture, let's kind of whip through these quickly, you can see here all the sources of methane in the US, landfills, natural gas, which we're talking about. Enteric fermentation, that's another name for agriculture. And then finally go to the very last slide here. We can see, yes, US greenhouse gas emissions. Methane's an issue. It's a problem. We need to get better at it, but it's not the only problem. And it's not the biggest issue. And so I guess from a public policy point of view, what I would say is you want to have a responsible way to control methane, but you want to produce as much natural gas as possible, because natural gas is relatively clean and it substitutes for coal. And allow this also to produce LNG, which can be shipped around the world, which also substitutes for coal and heavy fuel. So I'll leave it at that. We talked about the periodic table of elements and the combination of elements in methane and natural gas. And it's the same, you said. It's exactly. Methane is natural gas without lighting a match to it. Okay. But I'm just remembering, and there's one thing I just wanted to clarify. I'm going to send you some data on what, how to think about it in terms of its potency versus CO2. You know, we've had two dairy controversies here in Hawaii, right? Really? I'm on Kauai, yeah, where Pierre and Meteor try to establish a dairy. And we've lost most of our dairies from, you know, earlier days. And we have a dairy controversy on the Big Island as well. And one of the issues, I mean, there are many issues of people, you know, who oppose dairies. It's interesting that we live in a time where people, activist people, actually oppose dairies. But there you have it. One of the issues about the dairies is that cows, the cows generate methane. Their droppings generate methane and methane smells. So you have hotels nearby, for example, that they don't like to smell because it, you know, it affects the experience of their, their gas. I would imagine it would. You know, one of the big producers of methane are termites. Termite. Termites are huge. Maybe 10% of world methane emissions are termites. Well, we should, we should outlaw termites then, eh? Well, I just don't understand. I mean, I understand the smell for the, but are people against dairies because of the methane? And what do they want the children to drink? Soy milk? I'm not sure. You know, I don't know what to do about that. Yeah. I'm not sure there's an easy answer on that. And unfortunately, Pierre Omidyar closed his operation recently. So the dairy that was contemplated in Kauai is no more. Not too bad. Anyway, okay. Well, this is interesting. So what, what is your, your advice then on the subject? If we like LNG, then we shouldn't worry too much about methane. Is that what it is? Well, we have a responsible program to control natural gas leaks. They, we should always be thinking about costs and benefits. We should not panic about it. It's not the end of the world. We can. I think part of the problem is within the political world in the United States, there are lots of people who like natural gas when it was expensive and in very short supply. Now it's very inexpensive and in massive supply. And so certain elements of the environmental community don't like it anymore. And that reflects in what's happening here in the political debate. But it is, as I've said before, many times, and I think the data supports that, it is unrealistic to think that a complex of Canada, the US and Mexico, which is worth a trillion dollars, which provides enormous benefits and opportunities and comfort to the North American economies is going to go away in 10 years. It's not going to happen. So everyone needs to get very realistic and think about how do we move along the gradient in a responsible manner? Yeah. Well, yeah, yeah. And what I learned from you today is that methane is a very small percentage of the CO2 and it's against CO2 and a small percentage of LNG. And also that it's not only from the US and it's not only from as byproduct of the process, the gas process, it comes from other sources, including natural ones. I think it's important to keep those points in mind. We're never, we're not going to be big enough to affect global, have a remarkable or important effect on the global climate. We're just not big enough. Okay. And we need China and India, all the Asian countries, everybody else has to get on board. Maybe we are one of the best performers in reducing emissions in the world. Yeah, we are best performed. Yeah. Even with President Trump. We'll leave it there. Thank you so much. Appreciate it, as always. And I will remember that at some point along the way, we'll talk about climate in general. Yeah, yeah, I'll be happy to bring all these points together. I might have to bring an expert in with me to do that one. I'll bring somebody. Lou Poliarisi, E-Princk in Washington joining us. Thank you so much. We'll see you in two weeks, Lou. Bye-bye, Jim. Okay, bye.


Try something. Ahem, Yamcha go ahead and take this guy out. How's it going everybody? Dodds, we're gonna hear back with some more Dragon Ball Fighters ranked matches. This time playing the old main team of DBZ Broly, Krillin and Yamcha. And one of the reasons I am playing Dragon Ball Z Broly today is just because he is one of the best characters in the game. And I've been playing a lot of the other top tiers that I think have a chance of getting nerfed going into the next season. If there is a next season of nerfs and stuff like, too short for the Key Blast. But yeah, I've been playing a lot of other top tier characters that I think might get looked at. But Broly is definitely another one of those characters that deserves to get played as well. The only reason I saved him until now is because I think Broly is kind of in that spot where like, I don't know, what do you nerf about Broly? I feel like everything about him, the good stuff about him is mostly just because of how overpowering he is. I mean, you can't really nerf his super armor. That's like a mechanic. I don't think they nerfed that anyway. Could you? Oh, and then other than that, it's just because he has such long normals that also have that armor. Can I get a, can I get a bean? Hold on, I'm just not gonna move. Let's go. The sense of being has been acquired. That was sick. Zoning, ah, it didn't really work. In fact, it probably wouldn't work too well against it.  Broly, hold on. Can I take you for a ride? One, two, three, four. Oh, I'm so bad at that. Try something. Yamcha, go ahead and take this guy out. He dodged that, bro. He really can time skip. That was sick. We do get Vegeta back though. I'm not going to worry about getting the Blue Life. Maybe I should have. I think we need one more hit. That's it. That one more hit will do. And you know what? Broly's coming right back out. I want a little bit of revenge on Hit for what he did to me. He really time skipped away from Broly's super. That is inexcusable. Come here. Maybe I make a little read. Oh, that was so sick. I didn't even, I didn't commit though. Oh, I should have committed. I should have committed. I am going to regret that for the rest of this match. You know what? I don't have any regrets. Let's go. I'll take a vanish. The read was nice anyway. The read was just, you know, that was a little filler. The read was filler for this. Oh, man. The read was just a little filler for this. I can't afford to get hit there. I would have died. Armor or no armor? 2H7. Am I dead? How much damage is this going to be? Limit break, Jiren with sparking. Oh, my goodness. That was a really basic. Oh, try something. OK, let me go ahead and help myself do a little something then. Level one. Who's coming out? You know what? I don't need anybody to come. I should have went out and do a different character. I tried to go back out and acrylic. I don't know if that would have changed anything, but the super definitely would.  Let's stop throwing up projectiles. I'm worried he'll, you know, no counter one. Go ahead. Treat yourself to a counter, Jiren. He's not going to do it. He knows I'll just counter vanish. Yes, I will take it. That is good enough for me. We get game one. Oh, my goodness, even though it looks so dicey, did I get cut off? No, pretty much what I was going to say is how do you nerf Broly? Because I don't think they would take away his armor because I think that's what makes him unique. And if you don't take away his armor, dude, like this move with armor is just too good. Like you can't change the way the character moves unless you like revert like Broly. You just make a new Broly. But I don't know. I feel like he's strong just because it's so lazy. But I think he's kind of built like that. I don't know. Obviously, I do think he could use some nerfs, though. I just why am I so bad at the game? Hold on. Hold on. Oh, yeah, that's not going to help me get good at the game. I was like, hold on, let me see if I can't fix myself. The answer was no, I could not. Do I go for another bean? I got a bean, though. I am eating good right now. To age that, you know who's coming. Let's go right back down. Maybe I should have sparked, went for it all. Oh, come on the leg. Do it again, then. Do it again. Oh, he caught him on the uptick. Do it again. My goodness, just the reruns. Look at all these reruns going on on TV. Do it again, then. That time I just sparked just to see if I could kill. And I would have been able to if I didn't drop it. So much bar. I think we might see a level five here. Just for the flex. No flex. I should have I should have been more careful with my words. Get down there. Oh, I will take this. No, again, the lag. Oh, I was born in 19 frames. But for some reason, it's I'm not used to going back home. All right, I know what I have to do, then. Come on. Did you do that combo?  I did not be off. I got that combo. That was the stupidest hit confirm I've ever seen. I had confirmed to jab it to a level three. That would have been so sick, though. Drop it. Oh, OK. My man was also born in 19 frames. I can respect it. It's good to see the locals every now and again. It's good to see some friends and family jumping medium. Oh, let's go. That was sick. You got a block. Ex aftermage. It's not an easy task. But then again, he has seven bars and he's playing hit. He might shock on me here. Don't do it. Don't do it, bro. 19 frames. Oh, I think I'll take that. I think I'll take that. I don't know if that's going to be game. No, it's not. Not OK. I'll just let it I'll let it fall them. That shouldn't have worked like that. But I will take it. We are going to get out of this game to all with a whole another game to play. Broly, there's still a lot of stuff I want to do, especially if I could clean up my combos. That'd be great. Not the great games. And now we're moving on to the next one. All right, we are back with more Broly going up against the God of Destruction ranked opponent. Do I make a read? Nah, let's just keep this brutally classic. I am talking OG Broly stuff. Just stop, go for the same old, same old. I'm doing it again. I'm going to do it again. Will I hit it this time? The question on everybody's mind. Hey, it actually worked. And you know what, same old, same old. Ah, he ran away. Oh, that was so good, though. That was so good. We have to give it up. DP, I kind of forgot about that as an option. Not going to lie. OK, we're just playing classic Broly at this point. I'm just going to go into Yamcha because I'd rather have Krillin out. I don't know why that took so much thinking. One bar, please. Oh, it took two. I'm glad I was ready to commit. Oh, my goodness, there is another world in which I let that kill slip away because I just wasn't ready. Hold on, he's not here. He's not here. He's here. Pizza Man just got off the line. It's time. Oh, he just superdashed it to the floor. Also, that was a really, really bad superdash for me. He is wasting bar, though. Doesn't he know who I am? Hold on, back up. Yamcha, eat. Eat, my son. Look at that. Look at the healing. Just completely healed. I just wish I was good at the game. No defense for me, but I can eat, man. I could toss a sense of being and eat that in one shoe. Like you wouldn't even believe. It's a shame I'm dead. Two level one supers are going to be enough, especially when Tien's around. Yamcha's coming back in. Thankful to Krillin for what he did, but a little bit confused. What a two. And that was ginormous. Huge play. Why don't I tech? Oh, I need to be more proactive. I need to be a little more proactive with my play here. I tried it. I tried it. Oh. I guess no matter how you slice it, Broly's still pretty fun to play. Oh, yes, dude. Oh, yes, I'm just loving life right now. I'm going to go for it. She yields up. Do it twice. Do it twice if it's so nice. All right, I'm just going to level one. Could have done that meterless, but I was scared. I'm not going to lie. We dropped it too many times before, man. We dropped it way too many times. Instead, we're just going to bring it down to Tien, see what he's able to do by himself. Ooh, air to air was smart. He read. I did it one too many times, jumped in. Ooh, how much damage is that? Oh, he's just going to do the solo. Oh, run it back. Tien. That was confidence. I like the confidence I saw. I just wish it didn't kill me. All right, Yoncha. Oh, no, he's got my button timings down. Oh, god. Oh, my goodness. I am so bad and so good at the same time. I just wish I didn't have to prove myself one more time. When it's all on the line that looks, that's a lot harder to do than it looks. Yeah, I just get so stressed. All right, we made a series of mistakes and then God like plays at the end. They were very lucky.  There's a lot of other videos I'm uploading right now in parallel universe where we're like, man, this guy is just dumb, huh? And you'd be right. Oh, that was sick. Dive kick. I'm gonna stay on the same level. Oh, he is playing aggressive now. Dragon rush early. He's trying to set the pace. He wants to get me nervous. Hold him down, Yoncha. Oh, DPS should have expected that. Two bars. Oh, no, the spark. He's going for the kill. Broly, hold on, Broly. We're gonna get you out of there. We're not gonna get him out of there. He is gone. Level one from Goku just to pick up the pace. Oh, all right, all right. Bad start, bad start. We weren't being very careful with the DP.  Broly did enough this video. He was a true monster. Now it's time for us to do the rest of the work. I just, I need to clean it up if that's gonna be the case. Krillin and Yoncha are able to come back from this. It's just going to be a matter of if I can come back from this. No need to worry just yet. We're still fine. We're still fine. Oh, this is gonna hurt though. Oh, I'm bad at the game. I'm bad at the game. Maybe I'll regret that. Maybe I didn't want to spend all the bar, huh? Maybe I was being meter conscious. I wasn't guys, I just messed up. I just messed up, okay? It's clear to see, I think. I couldn't block it so fast. It is so deceptively fast. Tag, I was begging for a wrong tag. Eat the bean. Oh, I win. Oh, the bean. All right, four bars. That's way too much to expect Yoncha to do anything, but we're in the corner so at least we'll get the mix. We'll thank fist. Now what's the mix? Come here. I wanted to go for a dragon rush. I just messed up the input. No blocks. I am so slow. I really tried to get my thumb on the other side of that. Don't command grab me.  I was blinded to the possibility of him doing it again. We live though. All right, we got out. I'm trying to save Yoncha. Two S. The Super Dash was sick. All right, all right, all right, all right. The game's getting a little into the danger zone now for me personally. He tried it again. You don't want, I ought to. I regret, regret it myself. Let's go. He never heard of the mix before. My Yoncha assist wasn't up. I tried to run up Yoncha assist. All right. I'm not going to say it's impossible, but if we were going to limit break a character, we should have done it with a little more health. Why did I try to 2M, man? I know it's slow. I've been playing Yoncha for so long. I know 2M's slow. Why did I do that? Oh my goodness, I'm crazy. We're still up. Panicking. I just fumbled whatever bag I might have had there. That was not the move.  So what you saw right there was when he started doing ki blasts slightly above my head, I was like trying to block because I was afraid. And then I was like, all right, I'll super dash. And then he vanished. And then that's why I wasn't blocking. That was, I am just getting opened up with Broly too quickly. We got an early spark. We are not dead yet. So we've been ble- Oh my goodness. Oh no, an accidental. Oh, I must have done an input and then hit R2. Is that what happened? I wonder if that's what actually happened. Bad news for me, regardless. That means Broly's down. We didn't even get sparked this time. Didn't even land a hit. Oh, we could bring this home. Oh baby, hold on. Try to keep TN in there for the maximum amount of time. All right, we got a spark. Block me. I really got to start blocking some of these. All right, we can spark here. We can counter spark. It's a shame that we really can't focus on getting TN back out. The blue health just isn't there for me to do that. That's fine, spark up. Defensive Super Saiyan Vegeta assist. It's real tough out here. I'm just being so defensive. Let me stop being defensive. Let me just, let me go in. Let me play offense. I can't play defense right now. It's offense or bust. Let's go. Don't move a muscle. It's my turn. We have got to strike back. How many destructive discs are we taking too? All right, good. Any more than that. And I wouldn't have been able to afford it. All right, TN's back out here. He, oh, I'll take it. I thought he was going to try to jump back, jump medium, like reading us again, but didn't really go for it this time. Why did, why did I go for that? There really wasn't a reward there for it. Two bars snaps us out instead. I will take it overhead. Always forget about it. God, that move is so good. TN is so, I swear TN's just slept on guys. Oh, that was nice. I think TN's just slept on, dude. I really think that move is good. The knee on block? I mean, with an assist, that is a mix right there. All right, all right, all right, all right. I'm in a level three here. Now remember, we should probably keep in mind that Vegeta Ken DP. We didn't keep that in mind the last times. There we go. Oh, if only we were around to punish it, man. See, my patience for the DP got us a different reward. Sometimes life's greatest rewards are something you didn't even know you wanted. I didn't even expect to get that. All right, TN, come on. We have worked our way back up for this. I don't wanna test him. I don't wanna test him. Oh, I really wish I tested him. Oh, that was so smart. I swear TN's good. I really think he is good. Man, volleyball fist is nice. Oh, that was a risk. No way around it, that was a genuine risk.  Well, it would have been advantage. Oh my goodness, stop doing it on ranked. Stop, stop, you're scaring me. Let's go, that was sick. EX Wolfgang Fist is so good. Oh, yes. I think y'all are just good as well. Oh man, hopefully you guys enjoyed this one. Sadly Broly didn't really get to play those last two times, but hopefully you enjoyed the video anyway. If you did, definitely go down below. Let me know in the comment section what your favorite moment was. And while you're down there, make sure to like button and subscribe to the channel to keep up to date and support all the other videos on this channel. You can also check out the other videos that should be on your screen right now. Other than that, I've been Dr. Doe. Thanks again for watching this one all the way to the end and I will see you in the next video.


Good morning. I am Laura Treishman and it is my great honor to serve as the Vermont State Historic Preservation Officer at the Division for Historic Preservation. Welcome to Lakeview Cemetery and the Reinterment Ceremony for the Soldiers of the War of 1812 who died here in Vermont. This is a very special event and we are so pleased you can join us this morning. Imagine if you will the small village of Burlington with a population of less than 1,700. During the War of 1812 from June 1812 to June 1815 that quiet village became the site of a large military establishment because of its strategic location along Lake Champlain which facilitated the movement of supplies and troops. By 1813 the camp was permanent with troop levels ranging from several hundred to just over 4,000. Alongside the earthworks, winter quarters and supply depot was a large hospital and military burial grounds. Soldiers who were sick, injured, aging and simply unfit were sent to Burlington from throughout the 9th Military District. The hospital was designed to care for about 300 men but the number of patients would occasionally exceed 700 even reaching 900 in 1814. Military records show that more than 550 US regulars died and were buried in Burlington along with an unknown number of state militiamen prisoners of war and civilian camp followers. With the end of the war and the subsequent development from a small village to the city of Burlington the cemetery was largely forgotten although newspaper stories recount the random exhumation of remains as early as the 1820s. In 2000 during the construction of a new building at the corner of North Street and North Avenue the first of the recent burials were identified. Apparently stacked to the side during construction of the installation of a gas station tanks. Additionally there were numerous historic accounts of North and residents finding remains during work on their own property. In 2002 during the reconstruction project of North Street by the agency of transportation the first of several intact burials were discovered and wrongly covered up by a contractor. Report of the finding was reported by a resident to the Burlington police who immediately investigated and with the cooperation of the workmen and contractors relocated the burials. V-trance was swift to hire the University of Vermont consulting archaeology program to monitor construction activities remove the remains and conduct extensive research. In the late summer of 2020 at the height of the pandemic another 17 graves were found during residential construction project. Now 20 years later after the discovery in 2002 and 210 years after the start of the war of 1812 we are honored to establish a final resting place for the remains of these veterans soldiers who fought for independence and the rights of our nation. It is now my great pleasure to introduce Dr. John Croc associate professor of anthropology and the director of the UVM consulting archaeology program which conducted all of the excumations research and provided temporary homes for the soldiers until just this week. Thank you Laura and thank you all for being here today it's an honor to pay tribute to these soldiers and it's also an honor to see them reinterred. These are some of our country's first veterans and it's also an honor to be here today among living veterans. This day represents an achievement of one of their long-term goals of this work on the war of 1812 cemetery and Burlington's role in the war of 1812. Reinterment with a monument these individuals were buried marked with temporary markers that later were disintegrated and now they are in unmarked graves still. I'd especially like to thank all those that made this reality many of whom are here today. Kirsten Merriman Shapiro was early an early advocate for study and reburial of the remains. I'd also like to thank Holly and Steve here at Lakeview for helping make this a wonderful occasion and I'd also like to thank the wonderful archaeologists that have the privilege of working with at the University of Vermont. In particular we wouldn't be here today without the hard work of Kate Kenney UVM's program historian and historic archaeologist. Kate spent thousands of hours working on the research on this project and a considerable amount of that time has been donated. Her passion has even enveloped her entire family who have also contributed in many different ways to the research. Kate has pulled all-nighters guarding excavations pulled all-nighters combing over records and it's her passion that has led us to today and the information that we now have. It's her painstaking research combing over enlistment records that allows us to talk about who these people were. It's Kate's work that allows us to know that some these individuals ranged in age those who died in Burlington from 15 to 45. 55% of them were farmers others were laborers, carpenters, coopers, masons all who left their home communities to serve. The majority of died in Burlington came from New England but we know also that they came as far away as South Carolina. Many died of epidemic disease. Archaeology is telling us their story and we hope to continue this effort this effort to identify them individually. Archaeology also tells us that they were buried in a cemetery in an army cemetery in rows with care presided over by comrades. Many were buried in uniform and there are many more still lying and unmarked graves. Archaeology also helps us understand our history and brings to light the unwritten record. It also demonstrates the presence of significant cultural resources here in Burlington and in an urban developed environment. The reburial above ground is intentional. Research is ongoing. Technology is improving and research continues. We are hopeful that someday these individuals and others that are discovered will be identified. Thank you. Thank you very much, John, to you and your entire team. One of the primary partners in this endeavor beginning in 2002 was the dedicated staff of the City of Burlington who secured the funding for research on numerous occasions and for this columbarium, which is quite a statement piece. On behalf of the City of Burlington, please join me in welcoming Mayor Warren Berver. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for this important and really momentous ceremony. Less than a week ago, quite a number of us were gathered just down the avenue to have an annual ceremony recognizing Memorial Day and those who have given their lives made the ultimate sacrifice for this country. And, you know, we do this every year. Got a ton of those ceremonies now and we are in those memorials. We're always thinking of soldiers who died in distant deserts and jungles and shores. Strikes me today. This is really one of the only times that Burlington and American history has coincided such that soldiers were sacrificing their lives right here in our city. And I really want to deeply thank Dr. Kroc and everyone who has put in the enormous work leading up to today that documented how those individuals lost their lives, what they were doing, what life was like here in the city at that time. And even after the troubles of the last two years that we have faced, we live in such relative prosperity and safety that it is almost difficult to imagine the reality of life that Dr. Kroc's work has described. But it's so important that we do so. Maybe more important than ever that we try to hold on to the history that has brought us here so that we remain aware and alive, vigilant to the the threats of foreign aggressors of tyrants within our midst and even risks such as pandemics. I think it's this this work is of enormous value in life in 2022. So I would like to thank in some more detail the city team that contributed to to bring us today. I want to thank the parks department and CEDO for working alongside the University of department of Vermont to get this effort started and moving collectively that have been focused on the exhumations documentation and re internment efforts for this site for nearly 20 years now. The effort did not come easily into 2007. The city of Burlington applied for and received an American battlefield protection program grant from the National Park Service. Think it speaks well of our country that such grants exist that we put resources and effort into attempting to understand what happened on America's battlefields. The goal of the study was to develop a detailed historic context that focused on the content can tone men in Burlington by generating GIS maps that noted a range of features including the boundary of the cemetery. The study also sought to raise awareness of the role that Burlington played during the war of 1812 against the British and the importance of the archaeological resources that remain through this effort. The city team was involved in preparing an archaeological management plan that addressed protocols and policies to preserve any incidental discovery of the cantonment especially the hundreds of burials in the hospital cemetery. I want to specifically thank and it's great that she's here today. Kirsten Merriman Shapiro is the driving force of this important project as she was so many others during her long tenure with the city. CEDO also secured federal funding through HUD for the 2020 purchase of the Columbarium and Headstone which has given these soldiers a long overdue resting place. I also want to thank the Lakeview Cemetery and staff in the Burlington Parks Recreation and Waterfront Department which is hosting us this morning who has been a great support in finding the re-enterment location prominently, citing it here in the Lakeview Cemetery which is just beyond the site of course where the soldiers were first buried. With this new Columbarium and Headstone we can now mark the final resting place for the 30 exhumed soldiers helping us remember all of those who lived here and died here. Thank you all. Thank you very much Mayor. Representing Senator Patrick Leahy and the congressional staff that supported this re-enterment and responded every time I called with requests of I need funding, I need assistance, I need guidance, I need connections. Please welcome John Tracy. That's a reminder we're from the government we're here to help. It's an honor to be here on behalf of Senator Leahy and on behalf of Congressman Welch he's not able to make it today but he sends his regards and appreciation. As the Mayor mentioned we're celebrating Memorial Day a week or so back and it's appropriate for the timing that we do this now. So it's been over 200 years and things have changed a bit. At that time the United States had less than 6 million people. Now we're well north of 332 million. Our flag had 15 stars and 15 stripes. Now we have 50. We get along quite well with our cousins across the pond and our neighbors to the north. In fact now in times of conflict they are beside us when we go into war. It's fitting that we take this time to acknowledge that what hasn't changed is that we as a country never forget and always honor those who served. And that we're here over 200 years later to show the respect and dedication to those who gave their lives for our country is remarkable. It speaks highly to our military and highly to American citizens. And on behalf of Senator Leahy I want to thank all the partners, state, local, federal and volunteers who made this day possible and it's a real honor to be here to find a final resting place. And on behalf of an incredibly grateful nation, thank them for their service. Thank you to speak on behalf of Senator Bernie Sanders. I am pleased to introduce Airheart Monca who addresses Veterans Affairs for the Senators for Mont office. Thank you. Thank you. And good morning, everybody. Do a little better than that. Thank you. So thank you for giving me the opportunity to make a few brief remarks on behalf of Senator Sanders, who unfortunately could not be here today for this important ceremony to honor these soldiers of the war of 1812 through today's reinterment ceremony. On behalf of the senator, first and foremost, I want to thank Laura for helping make this day possible and your team at the State Division of Historic Preservation, Mayor Weinberger and CEDO and the Parks Department and your entire team that helped make this day possible. Dr. Kroc, of course, your contributions are just immense and thank you for your good work with your team at UVM and really everyone who has been involved in this forgetting Secretary Curley, thank you for making this possible from your vantage point at the agency of commerce. As the former mayor of Burlington, Senator Sanders is proud of the role that Burlington played during the war of 1812, which was crucial to the survival of our young nation. Though there were no land battles fought in Vermont during that war for the entire three years of the war due to its strategic location on Lake Champlain and close to the border with British Canada, Burlington hosted an important military base that was a key supply, encampment, hospital and burial site as we know for the US Army, as well as a staging ground for the raids to the north. We know the troops levels numbered as high as 4,500 at times and that Burlington saw even saw a brief artillery duel between the large British fleet that had sailed into Burlington Bay in the summer of 1813 and the American battery on the bluff overlooking our beautiful lake. And while we do not know whether the remains of the 30 soldiers being reinterred today were casualties of battle or succumbed to one of the many ailments common to the 19th century armies such as typhoid, dysentery and measles, I know that Senator Sanders is grateful that their remains are being treated with the sensitivity, dignity and respect that is due every soldier that has risked or given their life for the protection of our country. As the former chair and longtime member of the Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs, honoring Americans veterans and making sure that they get the care and benefits that they deserve for having risked or given their all for their country has been and remains among the center's highest priorities. I know that the center especially appreciates that even now 210 years after these courageous soldiers gave their lives to protect our young nation that their remains are being given a burial, the fitting their sacrifice as well as the full military honors provided by the honor guard of the Vermont Army National Guard.  It is now my great honor to introduce Secretary Lindsey Curley of the Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development where the Division for Historic Preservation is located. She led our team that worked to oversee the excumations, research and re-interment of these soldiers and ensured that these veterans would have a permanent and safe resting place that memorializes their achievements. Please join me in welcoming Secretary Curley. Hello. Good morning to everybody. Thank you for being here today. As we honor American soldiers who called Vermont home during a time of war, the re-interment of these soldiers celebrates their importance as veterans from the War of 1812, a conflict that brought our young nation onto the world stage over maritime rights and a desire to expand territory. The sacrifices of these soldiers who all died here in Vermont during this conflict must always be remembered and respected. Although the names of these soldiers are not known yet, we remain committed to honoring them and their families and preserving our state's history and significance to the early days of the United States of America. I wanted to take a moment to offer some thanks. You've heard some of these names before, but you can tell that it does take a village to get some things lifted and this group of people have done so much to make this possible. From the city of Burlington, Kirsten, Merriman, Shapiro, who was at the Community and Economic Development Office, Holly Bushnell from Burlington Parks and Rec and the Lakeview Cemetery, from the University of Vermont, consulting archaeology program and the Kenny family, Vermont Medical Examiner's Office and Professor Deborah Blum of UVM's Department of Anthropology. We also want to thank the contractors, builders and property owners like Mike Weston of Don Weston Excavating, Matt Boudreau and Bill Bissonette for their awareness of the military burial grounds and care and seeing the remains respectfully excavated. And at the state level, I want to thank Jen Russell at the Agency of Transportation and I would be remiss if I didn't mention the Secretary of Transportation, Joe Flynn is with us today as well. And of course our dedicated team at the Division of Historic Preservation, Scott Dillon, Jess Robinson and Laura Trishman. And Laura, we're so grateful. I appreciate the energy and the effort that you've put into making this come come to bear. When I first started at the Agency in April 2020, you had brought this up to me and I remember the pride you felt about giving a proper burial to these soldiers. And so thank you for seeing this through. As we can all imagine the soldiers stationed here in Burlington 210 years ago had to work together to positively impact the war effort and to be successful in defense of our country. Working together has also been the theme of all of the people I just mentioned. In 2002 and 2020 discovery, excavation and reenternment of these soldiers could not have been done without the incredible teamwork across the state and city government. Higher education and the private sector. Their work has resulted in this event today, respectfully giving these American veterans a final resting place. Back to you, Laura. Thank you very much. Thank you very much to all of our special speakers. Now I want to ask you to please join me in thanking and welcoming Kirsten Merriman Shapiro. Thank you all and thank you very much to Laura for making this day possible as well as everyone else who's here from the city, from all of the different perspectives and just being here today to to see the reenternment happen. I have a short poem I'd like to read. How do you major a soldier's sacrifice? Is it by the number of friends or family left behind? Is it by the months or years given in service? How do you measure a soldier's courage? Is it by the number of objectives that were completed or by the numbers of bullets dodged or by the missions that they served? How do you measure a soldier's honor? Is it the duty that he or she volunteers for? By the number of medals that they are? The simple truth is that these things are immeasurable. And as it is the country's debt to all who served and paid the price for the freedom that we have in this land. Thank you all. Thank you. And now from for a blessing from Reverend Peter Newport. Good morning. I'm the Reverend Peter Newport, a member of the first Unitarian Universalist Society of Burlington, the church at the head of Church Street, a building, incidentally, that was erected on the edge of town just after the war of 1812 was concluded. With your indulgence, I would like to make room for the individuals whose anonymous remains we memorialize today, 200 years or more after their death. At the height of the war, the military cantonment on the bluff house, perhaps as many as 4,000 people, military and civilian, invalid and able bodied prisoners and camp followers, spies and Native Americans, card sharks and hooligans, even children lived in those quarters. Conditions were stark, winters were cold, and all these died in their hundreds on this, the northern frontier of their young democracy. To honor some, we must honor all. And yes, among them, there were heroes. People who stood tall and did the utmost of what had to be done in the exigent circumstances of their time. These bones ask us to do likewise, to struggle against the demise of our own democracy, even as they struggled in their way to sustain it. In this endeavor, the heroes stiffen our courage and lay claim to our gratitude and compassion as we return their remains to rest. Will you please join me now in this time, in this time, in a prayer for peace. Master of peace, creator of all things, may it be thy will to put an end to war and bloodshed on this earth. Spread a great and wonderful peace over the whole world so that nation shall not lift up sword against nation nor learn war anymore. Help us and save us all. And let us cling tightly to the virtue of peace. Let there be great peace between every person and their fellow, between husband and wife. Let there be no discord between people, even in their hearts. Let us never shame any person on earth, great or small. May it be granted unto us to fulfill thy commandment, to love thy neighbor as thyself with all our hearts and souls and bodies and possessions. God, who is peace, open unto me light for my darkness. Open unto me courage for my fear. Open unto me hope for my despair. Open unto me peace for my turmoil. Open unto me joy for my sorrow. Open unto me strength for my weakness. Open unto me wisdom for my confusion. Open unto me forgiveness for my sins. Open unto me love for my hates. Open unto me thyself for myself. Lord Lord open unto me amen. Thank you so much to our military from the war of 1812 and today and all those years in between. And thank you all for coming. Have a great day.


King Chil on Sensitive Salutations, Hei Chih-Chou. Could you give me your thoughts on Wall Street and the big asset managers? Like Blackrock and Staterock curious what you think about them. They're basically, it's sort of roll out of flashes on the large part because But you'll like this, it might be Batman related, you know, sort of Crime related, I'll give you a hint. Just King Chilly on Sensitive Salutations, was asking about What I think about Blackrock and Wall Street and all these funds and whatnot. Basically what happened after the 2008 financial Collapse, right? Obama opened the floodgates and gave all these asset managers Wall Street because Citigroup really picked Obama's administration, right? So Citigroup was basically bankrupt, but they picked who Obama's administration was going to be and as soon as Obama took over they gave a ton of money hundreds of billions of dollars to companies like Blackrock, which were in the red, right? to manage Wall taxpayer money to You know Pretend that Everything hadn't collapsed and to build back the US economy and what they did was took all that money and privatized everything, right? They started buying houses that were under water Shouldn't have been worth you know, maybe 50% of what they were on paper and stuff like this, right? Because the North American economy, especially the United States and Canada the housing market really drives the Canadian US economies really is housing is huge huge huge and the housing market have completely collapsed So they gave all this money to Blackrock and companies like and they started buying up all these Houses that were under water and all these construction companies were going on there and stuff like this it was so ridiculous to a level where Banks were actually destroying Houses to take him off the market so the prices wouldn't collapse look into it I followed the stuff as it was happening. It was crazy Robo signing mortgages and Just what do you call it? the They were giving mortgages to people that Like million-dollar mortgages to people didn't even have a job like it was crazy It was crazy and what's what was the end result of all this? After 15 years of giving these people taxpayer money, right taxpayer money, right? US debt at the end of the Bush administration I Believe it was around nine children a trillion I believe right now 15 years later 16 17 years later is 33 trillion right and Lot of those trillions went to Wall Street to buy assets to compete against Joe blow me and you and housing Is one of the things and into the stock market and stuff like this So it's a scam right is a government core government corporate Partnership where they take taxpayer money and give it to the private corporations and private corporations really control the government So they it's a loop they continue to filter money filter money filter money and it's gonna come to heads That's where we are. That's where we are. Okay