We'll be looking at Obadiah. And what I chose to do is I looked at the chronology, the dating of each one of those books. Obadiah was written 840 BC. And so we'll look at Obadiah first. And then I'm going to work my way down to the one that is closest to the New Testament, which is 630 BC. And so these five books are going to be taken not in order as you find them in the Bible, but in order as you find them in terms of their dating. And that way you'll have a consistency. And you're going to actually see history for 200 years in the nation of Israel. I chose to do that rather than just choose books at random. And so Obadiah is the very first book that we're going to be looking at. Looking at Joel is the second. Joel was written about 835 BC. And so you'll see that we're going to go in that direction. So here we go with Obadiah. Let's begin reading at verse 1, Obadiah, verse 1 through 4. The vision of Obadiah. Thus says the Lord God concerning Edom. We have heard a report from the Lord, and a messenger has been sent among the nations saying, arise and let us rise up against her for battle. Behold, I will make you small among the nations. You shall be greatly despised. The pride of your heart has deceived you. You who dwell in the clefts of the rock, whose habitation is high. You who say in your heart, who will bring me down to the ground? Though you exalt yourself as high as the eagle, and though you set your nest among the stars, from there I will bring you down, says the Lord. And let me give you some background, develop this, and then we'll look into our study here. The book of Obadiah, as mentioned a moment ago, was written around 840 BC by a man named Obadiah. The name Obadiah speaks of a worshipper or a servant of God. When you look up Obadiah in your concordance, you're gonna find that there are 13 men mentioned in the Old Testament by the name Obadiah. So the scholars who determine these kinds of things are divided as to just who this particular Obadiah is. The Bible doesn't give us any background information, so nothing can be known for certainty. We simply know that he identifies himself as Obadiah. This book, Obadiah's book, is a prophecy. And we just read the first few verses, so you see that it is a prophecy concerning judgment. And the prophecy concerning judgment is a prophecy of judgment on the land of Edom. Now when you're looking at an old map that gives to us the geography of the Middle East and all, Edom was just south of Israel proper by the Dead Sea, it actually begins by the Dead Sea and then goes straight down till you get to the Gulf of Aqaba, which is another place that we've been to in Israel where it's called Elat. So it goes all the way down to Elat, which is the southernmost tip there as it gets into the Gulf there, the Gulf of Aqaba. And it extends a little to the west as well as to the east into Jordan and into Gaza and various areas like that if you're looking at a map. And so one of the cities of ancient Edom was a city that you read in scripture by the name of Petra. And Petra was one of its principal cities and was actually a stronghold city there. The Edomites, who were they? Well, they were descendants of the patriarch Isaac. When you look in the Old Testament, you see what I refer to as the patriarchs, the ancient fathers. And you'll see men like Abraham. Well, Abraham is a patriarch, but you have Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and then the list goes on from there. So they were descended from the patriarch Isaac. Now Isaac had two sons. And we know the story. He had a son named Jacob and he had a son named Esau. Isaac had been married to Rebecca and they desired children. But the Bible tells us that Rebecca was barren. And so Isaac prayed for 20 years that God would make it possible for her to conceive. And she finally did. And she was having what you would call a difficult pregnancy. And so out of concern, because she was having such difficulty, she prayed and she asked God the reason why. And so it was revealed to her what her problem was and the problem was she was carrying twin boys. Genesis chapter 25 verse 23 says, the Lord said to her, two nations are in your womb. Two people shall be separated from your body. One people shall be stronger than the other and the older shall serve the younger. And so the first born son who came out, it's just, he's described as coming out red. And he was Harry. So they named him Esau. Esau means Harry. I'm just wild about Harry. Well, Harry, the second son was born holding on to Esau's heel. So his name was given heel catcher, Jacob. It's also known as the word supplanter. And so you see, you see supplanter, if we had time to just consider some of the life of Jacob, you would see that's exactly what he was. He was a deceiver in a sense. He was most certainly an aggressive young man. And we see that in the story between him and his brother and the things that went on. Now, when you look at the sons, the Bible's very clear that Esau, the first born was his father's favorite. He's described as being what we would call today a man's man. He loved to hunt. He liked to dwell outdoors. And so his father really took to him. He liked this masculine little boy who grew to be a very, very powerful man. And also he favored his son, Esau. But Jacob, on the other hand, is described as a mild man. And he enjoyed dwelling in tents. He was what we would today perhaps refer to as a mama's boy. That's what he was. He liked to be with mom cooking and wearing her apron and all that. I mean, that's what he was like. Well, supplanter lived up to his name because eventually he conspired to take both his brother's birthright as well as his brother's blessing. Now, when you read concerning the birthright in the Old Testament, the birthright was that which was given to the firstborn son. And the birthright was to demonstrate preeminence over any others. And so the firstborn son had what was called the right or the birthright. And he would get a double portion of his father's possessions. And when father died, he would become the head of the family. So a birthright was a very important thing. We still have those kinds of mentalities even in our society today. There are families that actually look at the oldest son in that regard even to this day. In my family, I have an older brother who thinks that he is the one who runs the show. He doesn't, I do because I'm Jacob. But you can have this mentality and that can be a cultural truth. While in Israel it was most definitely that and he had conspired to take his brother's birthright. He also took his blessing. Now, the blessing was the most valuable heritage a parent could give to the child. The blessing was regarded as the greatest happiness that could come to children. Jacob took the blessing. He took the blessing of the covenantal promises that were made to Abraham, which were promises of abundance and authority over nations, authority in the family. And he took the general blessings that really had been intended under normal circumstances, had been intended for the older brother. Even though God, given the answer to the mother, even though God had said the younger is gonna have preeminence over the older. That's how it came about through conspiring. Now, when that took place, because these things were lost very easily, I mean, through deception, I should just remind you that, the birthright was basically given away for some potage. It's called potage, some little soups, some red soup. Because Esau had come in from the field, he was hungry. He said, I'd like something to eat. And his brother, Jacob said, I'll make you something if you'd like. Well, yes, of course, he said, but it's gonna cost you. Well, what's it gonna cost? It's gonna cost the birthright. What good does a birthright do me if I starve to death? So the scripture later on says that he despised his birthright. He didn't value it at all. And so he basically got the birthright for some potage, for some stew. Later on, when it was time for the blessing to be given, his father being old and getting ready to die, well, mama said to baby boy, it's time to get that blessing. And so he made himself to appear to be his brother Esau. Jacob put some goat skin on his arm because his brother was a hairy man. And so he put some goat skin on and he came in and said, here's your food because the father had said, I'd like some food that you make to Esau. And Esau went out to prepare it when Jacob came in and actually brought in something that had been made for his father, but pretended that he was Esau. And the father says, the voice is Jacob's. You know, he didn't, he said, what's going on here? Because his eyes were dim and he couldn't really see.  And so here comes Jacob and he's wearing his brother's clothing and he has this skin on his arms so that they're hairy and coarse and all.  It's obviously Esau and he gives him the blessing. Well, here comes Esau and Esau is all upset because he finds out that his brother had been there before him and received the blessing and he cries out to his father, is there not even a single blessing you can give to me, even as blessings? And the father says, I thought that I can't, I can't give you. I've already given the blessing. Well, can't you give me something? And so what he did is he basically said, well, yeah, the only thing I can give you is this. I can tell you that you're gonna live in the fields.  So that's basically what he got. Now, when he heard this, the Bible tells us, his response was to comfort himself. And the way that Esau comforted himself was very simply, he says, when my father dies, I'm gonna kill him. And that's how he comforted himself with thoughts of killing Jacob. Nice brother, I'd love to. Well, that's like my brother too. Well, eventually what happens is he married and he moved south and he became, according to Genesis chapter 36, especially verses one and eight, he became the father of the Edomites. So the war that began in the womb and stretched into adulthood was continued by their descendants. That leads to the judgment that God is pronouncing here in the book of Obadiah. You see, in Malachi, God makes an amazing statement concerning Esau, Malachi being the last book in the Old Testament. In Malachi chapter one, verses two and three, this is what God says, I have loved you, says the Lord, yet you say, in what way have you loved us? Was not Esau, Jacob's brother says the Lord, yet Jacob, I have loved, but Esau, I have hated. Obadiah explains why God says he hated Esau. Now, they're being judged for a variety of reasons. It's all based, though, on one thing and that's found in verse three. In verse three, it says the pride of your heart has deceived you. So they're being judged, but the specific sin that is being enunciated is their pride. But they have reasons to be judged that pride had motivated them to do, which caused God to say, I'm gonna judge you. One is you have to go all the way back into the Old Testament book of Numbers, chapter 20, verses 14 through 21. And in that portion of scripture, it records how Moses requested safe passage through their territory as they were wandering in the wilderness and they refused. And the king, at that time, even threatened violence against them if they tried to cross. And God hadn't forgotten that. And then second, Edom did not come to their aid during a time of invasion. Some commentators believe the invasion being referred to as when the Philistines were causing some problems and came to capture Jerusalem and you'll see that in verse 11. And because of this, because of the pride that led to these kinds of things, God pronounces judgment on Edom. And he basically, as we go through this, he'll be saying this. He's saying, you will be small among nations. Your pride has deceived you.  Esau shall be searched out. Your warriors will fear.   You will be repaid. You were happy when Jerusalem fell, but you will be dealt with. And that's what we're gonna see here in the book of Obadiah. So it begins at verse one, the vision of Obadiah, thus says the Lord God concerning Edom, who we've heard a report from the Lord and a messenger has been sent among the nation saying arise and let us rise up against her for battle. So this begins with a formal declaration. This is a message, but this is a message from God. That's what it means when it says a vision of Obadiah, thus says the Lord God. This is a vision. This is a message from God. And this message is directed against the Edomites. The Lord has sent out a messenger to stir up the nations to rise up against Edom. So God is now beginning to move to fulfill this determination to judge them.  So God is bringing them down because of their proud belief in their own might because they believe themselves to be great. When he says in verse two, I will make you small among the nations. You shall be greatly despised. He goes on to say, the pride of your heart has deceived you. Notice you who dwell in the clefts of the rock whose habitation is high, you who say in your heart who will bring me down to the ground. And then he goes on to say, though you exalt yourself as high as the eagle, though you set your nest among the stars, from there I will bring you down. So the pride of your heart has deceived you. I'm gonna make you small, but he describes the land that they live in. You who dwell in the clefts of the rock whose habitation is high. And so they lived in a place where they really thought that they could not be taken down. They are gonna be brought down because of the proud belief and the proud belief that they have is their belief in their own might. See, they lived in caves on the hills and because they lived in caves in these hills, they felt that they were impregnable. They thought there was nobody that could come and take them. They thought themselves to be completely safe. They're really high up on those hills and they're in these caves in the small mountain range. And so they're basically saying, who can ascend to defeat us? Who can come up here and take us out? Nobody. So this pride had convinced them that they were incapable of being beaten by enemies. It's this pride that God hates and it's this pride that brings judgment on them. When you come to the 21st century, pride of thinking that you can't be defeated is something God still hates, by the way. You know, the nation that doesn't trust in the Lord is doomed for destruction. May we, as a nation, remember that. They were arrogant, they were self-sufficient and God makes it clear you're gonna be judged. Notice what he says in verse four there. He says, though you exalt yourself as high as the eagle, though you set your nest among the stars, from there I will bring you down, says the Lord. You think you dwell safely? You think you're out of reach? Nobody can get to you.  You will be judged. Amos, in the book of Amos, chapter nine, verse two, it says, though they dig into hell, from there my hand shall take them, though they climb up to heaven, from there I will bring them down. So you can't escape me, the Lord is saying, no matter how low you might think you're going, and no matter how high you think you are, you are not gonna get away from me.  Your pride has led to you being brought down. Now it's interesting to me how this says it here in verse four, because when it says, though you exalt yourself as high as the eagle, set your nest among the stars, that reminds me of Isaiah 14. Because when you study Isaiah 14, you see the sin that led to the fall of Satan. That's found there in Isaiah 14, verses 12 through 15, where God says, how you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, sin of the morning. How you are cut down to the ground, you who weaken the nations. For you have said in your heart, I will ascend into heaven. I will exalt my throne above the stars of God. I will also sit on the mount of the congregation on the farthest sides of the North. I will ascend above the heights of the clouds. I will be like the most high. I will, I will, five. It's called the five eye wills of Satan. So obviously Satan had eye problems. I will, I will, I will, I will, I will, I will. I will do these things.   God is saying, no. He said that to Satan and he's saying that to eat him. You may be inaccessible to man. God is saying, but you're not inaccessible to me. And when I go to get you, there's nothing you can do to save yourself.   Would they not have stolen till they had enough? If great gatherers had come to you, would they not have left some gleaning? Oh, how Esau shall be searched out, how his hidden treasures shall be sought after. And so it's interesting what the Lord's saying. He's saying this, he's saying thieves can break in and they can steal all they want or all they can carry away. But normally he says they don't take everything and that's probably generally true. If you're on vacation and you leave and somebody comes and breaks into your home and begins to steal things, well, normally they don't take every single thing. They'll take the things that they think are of value. If you have a computer, if you have a television set, if you have some recording devices or whatever, whatever electronics you might have, maybe they'll take your couches or whatever, but they don't take everything normally. They don't come in with a moving van and just normally strip everything. They leave things behind and that's what the Lord here is basically saying. Thieves can break in and thieves can steal all they want or they can carry away, but normally they don't take everything. Then he speaks of grape harvesters. He's saying a grape harvester will go in and begin to take the grapes. They take the best grapes, but they don't always take all of the grapes. But in your case, you will be completely ransacked. You will have nothing left.  Now, this could be speaking in reference to Petra, which would also be a place where they would have perhaps some of the merchandise or the things that were valuable to that nation, but he's basically just making it very clear, you may think you've hidden things, because it's kind of like, you can think that you can hide things and no thief would ever be smart enough to discover where you hid your things, right? You think that, oh, I can hide it so that nobody can steal it. But remember, you probably were the same person who used to put your watch and your wallet in your shoes on the beach, and you shoved it all the way to the bottom so that nobody would know where your watch was and where your wallet was, because you thought, what kind of criminal mind could really see through this? I'm really hiding it well. And that's how people think, because I used to do that all the time. I'd take my wallet out, I'd put it in my shoes, and I thought, for sure, they'd never think to look into this shoe here and find my wallet. Well, bottom line is God is simply saying, you can't hide these things.   So this is a real strict thing. Verse seven, all the men in your Confederacy shall force you to the border. The men at peace with you shall deceive you and prevail against you.  No one is aware of it. Will I not in that day, says the Lord, even destroy the wise men from Edom and understanding from the mountains of Esau? Then your mighty men, O Teman, shall be dismayed to the end that everyone from the mountains of Esau may be cut off by slaughter.  Notice what he says in verse eight. Will I not in that day, says the Lord, even destroy the wise men? There's not gonna be no help at all coming to you. Not even your advisors. Your wise men will not bring forth any wisdom because they're gonna be destroyed. There is nothing that you can do.  You're gonna lose everything. Like it says in Proverbs 21 30, there is no wisdom or understanding or counsel against the Lord. There's nothing that you can do. When he says in verse nine, your mighty men, O Teman, shall be dismayed to the end that everyone from the mountains, et cetera, Teman is a city that's near Petra. It could be either a city, or some are saying this may be a geographical location, but the point is he's simply saying this, you are gonna be destroyed to the end that everyone from the mountains of Esau may be cut off by slaughter.  Now, verses 10 through 14 gives us reasons.  Verse 10, for your violence against your brother, Jacob, shame shall cover you.  In the day that you stood on the other side, in the day that strangers carried captive his forces when foreigners entered his gates and cast lots for Jerusalem, even you were as one of them. But you should not have gazed on the day of your brother in the day of his captivity, nor should you have rejoiced over the children of Judah in the day of their destruction, nor should you have spoken proudly in the day of distress. You should not have entered the gate of my people in the day of their calamity. Indeed, you should not have gazed on their affliction in the day of their calamity, nor laid hands on their substance in the day of their calamity. You should not have stood at the crossroads to cut off those among them who escaped, nor should you have delivered up those among them who remained in the day of distress. So God has just lain out his case against them. You had no sympathy, and you had no concern for the nation. You actually rejoiced over their pain. You see, when Israel was being invaded, instead of offering aid, you sided with their oppressors. And that's a great sin. Because you had no sympathy or concern and rejoiced over them, I will bring a judgment. Proverbs 24-17 says, "'Do not rejoice when your enemy falls. "'Do not let your heart be glad when he stumbles.'" And these people were glad when they saw Israel being treated that way. Notice verse 13, you should not have entered the gate of my people in the day of their calamity.  And then he says in verse 14, you should not have stood at the crossroads to cut off those who were escaping. So instead of showing compassion and concern for those who were fleeing, you actually prevented them from escaping. Because what they were doing is they were making their way down south to go into Egypt to try and find some security there. But they detained them and then they turned them over to the invaders.  Now what happens here in verse 15 is interesting because, well, I'll read verses 15 and 16 and show some things to you. It says, for the day of the Lord, for the day of the Lord upon all the nations is near, as you have done, it shall be done to you.  Yes, they shall drink and swallow, and they shall be as though they had never been. Obadiah is writing about a judgment that's coming. But he likens it to God's future judgment. The term here in verse 15, the day of the Lord is a technical term. It actually is speaking about, the day of the Lord is another way of speaking of a period when God is pouring out His wrath on unbelieving man. It's normally reserved and used for the last days. And it speaks concerning the days that are also called the tribulation period. So what he's doing is he's likening the judgment that they're having that's gonna come upon them in the near future. He's actually likening it to a final judgment that God is gonna be bringing on the earth in what are called the last times or the latter days. That is referred to as the day of the Lord. So he's writing concerning judgment, but he's likening it to future judgment. Now when Messiah comes to establish His kingdom at the end of the tribulation, and this is what we're looking at really as a picture of that, then there's gonna be judgment that takes place. There's gonna be a judgment that occurs at that time. And there are three basic ways to look at this when Messiah comes for this. There's not a common agreement on exactly how it's gonna work out, but some believe that this is now making reference to the judgment that's gonna occur that's found in Matthew 25, what is called the judgment of sheep and goats. So the judgment speaks of how people of earth are treated, the people of earth treated Israel during the tribulation. There are others when they begin to look at this thing, say no, Obadiah is pointing to the future judgment that you find in the book of Revelation chapter 20 verses 11 through 15. Then there are others who see this as being fulfilled during the tribulation when all who oppose Jesus are killed. The point is as Edom joined Israel's oppressors and were judged, judgment will come upon Israel's oppressors. Now we need to remember that Edom is a picture of the flesh and will never partake in God's blessings and so all they have waiting for them is judgment. So when he says in verse 15, the day of the Lord upon all the nations is near, as you have done, it'll be done to you. He's simply saying you are gonna receive for what you have done. You're not gonna get away with it. In the same way that at the very end when God deals with those who have rejected him, even so you are soon to be dealt with for your rejection because Edom rejected the Lord as they were rejecting Israel. As a result of that and treating them that the way they did, God is simply saying I will bring a severe judgment on you.  Not a single thing that you have and own is gonna be preserved.  Verse 17, but on Mount Zion there shall be deliverance. There shall be holiness. The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. The house of Jacob shall be a fire. The house of Joseph a flame. But the house of Esau shall be stubble. They shall kindle them and devour them and no survivor shall remain of the house of Esau for the Lord has spoken. Well, Edom is awaiting destruction. Israel is awaiting God's blessings. When you look at prophecy, it's been referred to in this way. The Jewish nation has been referred to as the miracle of the Jews. Because when you look in the Old Testament as we've been doing we're going through Joshua as you know on Wednesday nights and you see all these ights that I like to tease about. The Canaanites and the Hittites, the Parasites, the Jebusites and all the rest of the ites. What other ites do we have? Cellulites up, tides out of sides, you know the ites.  Think for a moment. When in history has there ever been a people that existed like the Jews? Never, in history. You can look for the Canaanites if you want. Jebusites, all of the ites. You can look for those people. They don't exist. They're all gone. Everyone, everyone. You know we use the term man, that guy's a Philistine. But he's really not a Philistine. He's not descended from the Philistines.  Why do we say that? Well because he's a pagan. And so we'll use that term. You can look in history. And this to me is so amazing. It's mind boggling. These people, the Jews, in 70 A.D. were taken captive and dispersed throughout the world. Throughout the world. You find Jews throughout the world. You know the stereotypical Jew and to me it's a very, it's a very evil stereotype to be honest with you. Because during the 30s and 40s here in the United States, especially the Jews were not regarded as a people. And there would be cartoon characters of them that were offensive, terribly offensive.  And it was okay. And the cartoons were, you saw them all the time. And if you ever even see some of the older cartoons on TV that come out of the 40s and 30s, sometimes you'll even still see that artwork. And it was acceptable because it was all right to hate Jews. The Jewish people were hated throughout the world, throughout the world. And they always looked basically the same and they always were made to appear in the same way. But I've been around the world and I have seen Jews in various countries. That there's no way that you can take that stereotype. When we've been in Israel, Marie and I were in Megiddo and we go walking into Purgatory, into a souvenir shop. And Marie comes walking up to me. She says, you gotta come here. Come here. And so I grabbed my wallet and ran the other way, but she dragged me back. And we go into this area of this souvenir shop there in Megiddo and there's this guy behind the counter, this Mexican guy. And I say, hey, what's happening? No, I looked at him. He was from Mexico City. And so Marie was speaking to him and she had asked him, where are you from? He says, Mexico City.  He says, no, I'm a Jew from Mexico City. A Jew from Mexico City. We've gone into, in Israel, we've gone in, there's a street we go to, some of you have been to Israel, it's called Ben Yudah Street. And you go into the shops, Marie and I have gone into shops and the minute she walks in, the shopkeeper looking at my wife begins to speak Spanish to her. And they never do to me for some reason, I don't know. But they speak to her. And they think she's Spanish Jew because the highest population of returnees for the longest time were Spanish Jews. And so you will see people in Israel who are Mexican, who are Spanish. You will see black Jews. There are Japanese Jews. My guide for years was from Argentina, Jew. His wife was from Brazil, Jew.  It's ridiculous. There's no way because they were scattered throughout the whole world. In 1492, there were certain things taking place in Spain. We know one of them, Columbus, took his three small ships and sailed. We know that. But the Inquisition in Spain was at red hot heat at that time. And what happened is the Jews were forced to do one of three things. In Spain, you either converted to become a Catholic or you left the country or you were killed. Those were your three options in Spain in 1492. Many of the Jews left from Spain and traveled to later on to the new world. They went into Mexico. From Mexico, the Jews traveled north. And there are populations of Jews throughout the Southwest, Santa Fe, New Mexico has a large population of Jews who are from Mexico, who are from Spain.  But you don't have Canaanites all over the world. You don't have parasites all over the world. You have some Rubinites, but those are the Mexicans, they just got Rubinites. You know, even Perezites. The miracle of the Jew. When in history has there ever been a time when a people were scattered throughout the world yet retained their national identity, retained the mentality of who they were, did not get absorbed into the dominant culture but remained independent. The answer is never. There's only one people that ever did that. And that's the Jews. That's the Jews.  That's what happened. And when they returned to Israel and began to repopulate when as a nation ever, that was not a nation that had been, not a nation for 1900 years, when did that nation ever become a nation again? And the answer is, when Israel in 1948, once again became an independent nation. So when you read your Bible in the Old Testament and it's, and the new, when it begins to speak concern in these people, God says to the Edomites, I am gonna judge you. You will be no more. And that's why you can look throughout the world to this day and you will not find an Edomite. They were wiped out. They do not exist anymore. And that's why God is saying, my people will be blessed. Now, all the way back in Genesis chapter 12, God had spoken to Abraham. And when he was giving his initial promises to Abraham, the patriarch, the father of the Jewish nation, he said, those who bless you, I will bless.  The Edomites fall under that curse. And because they did not give help to Israel and because they rejoiced when Israel was being pillaged, when Jerusalem, the Holy city was being pillaged, God says, because of your pride, I will bring judgment against you. And God did bring judgment against them. So he's speaking concern in the judgment that came against him, but he's likening it to the judgment that occurs later on at the very end of history in this time that is referred to in this particular portion as the day of the Lord. And he's using the image of the day of the Lord, which is by the way, if you have a concordance, you might wanna do this, just look up the day of the Lord and you will find it used many times and it's associated with what we in the New Testament would say the tribulations, the day of darkness, the day of gloom, it's a day of destruction. It's speaking about what God is going to do in the last day during the tribulation period. And he's basically just likening what will take place in this judgment time where he pours out his wrath in the future, he's likening what will take place in the future to what is soon to take place in the nation of Edom, and that is gonna be in their near future. And when he says in verse 18, the last portion, no survivor shall remain of the house of Esau, the Lord has spoken, it's utter and complete destruction. That's what's gonna happen. Now, Israel awaits God's blessings.  Isaiah 52, one says, awake, awake, put on your strength, O Zion, put on your beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city, for the uncircumcised and the unclean shall no longer come to you. You see, when Messiah rules, holiness will be present. When Messiah rules, holiness will be present. And I was sharing today in the book of Romans how that God calls us in Christ to live a righteous and a holy life. That's what God has called us to. And I'll tell you, holiness is something you pursue. There is a state of holiness in the sense that God sets you apart, but there is something that you actually do, you actually cooperate with the spirit of God in pursuing holiness. And there's a pursuit called the pursuit of holiness.  And that's also called living a sanctified life. It's getting away from the things that bring you down.  And so what you eventually do if you're pursuing the Lord is you begin to make determinations, I'm gonna grab hold of the things that build me up, I'm gonna reject the things that bring me down. And sometimes the things that bring me down might be a relationship that I have with somebody else. I've had friendships that were very dear to me that I realized I'm gonna have to release this friendship not because I don't care for or love that friend, but because when I'm with that person, I'm not the best person I can be. And I wanna be the best person I can be. And therefore, that person ceases being what I consider to be a dear friend, it becomes more to me of a ministry. So I have to be prepared, I have to be ready, prayed up and aware that when I'm with this person, wherever it may be, that he may very well be the kind of person who encourages me in the opposite direction of where God wants me to go. So I've had a long time of doing that. For many years I've discovered some things are friendships and some things are ministries. And you just have to think that way. Why?  And that's what he's called me to do. That's what he called his church to do. I am holy, God says in 1 Peter 1, 15 and 16, therefore ye be holy.  Well, for us right now, that's something you're pursuing, but when Messiah rules, holiness will be the norm. That's what it's gonna be like. See, it's been said, if you don't like holiness now, you're not gonna like it when Messiah rules. If you can't worship the Lord now, you're not gonna like it when you're in heaven. People are walking with the Lord wherever it may be because if you think it's boring to do that now, think of what eternity is gonna be like because that's what we're gonna do, guys. We're gonna be with the Lord. But it's not boring at all. There's such peace and such joy. There's just such contentment when you know that your sins are forgiven and you're right with God. And when you're doing things that you know are not pleasing to the Lord, there's a discontent. There's this agitation of spirit. There's a dissatisfaction. It's called conviction. You have that and you ask yourself, what happened? What happened to the joy I used to have? What happened to the peace that I used to have? That sense of God's presence that I used to have and we used to say if you feel far from God then guess who moved? Because it's me. The Lord says, if you draw near to me, I will draw an eye into you. But sometimes I'm running away from him rather than running towards him.  That's what it's gonna be like when the Messiah rules. In Jeremiah 31-23, it says, Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel. They shall again use this speech in the land of Judah and in its cities when I bring back their captivity. The Lord bless you, oh home of justice and mountain of holiness. In Zechariah 1420, in that day, holiness to the Lord shall be engraved on the bells of the horses. The pots of the Lord's house shall be like the bowls before the altar. So holiness is gonna be the norm. Now, in verse 19, The inhabitants of the south shall possess the mountains of Esau. The inhabitants of the flistening lowland, they shall possess the fields of Ephraim and the fields of Samaria. Benjamin shall possess Gilead. And the captains of this host of the children of Israel shall possess the land of the Canaanites as far as Zareptah. Zarepa. The captains of Jerusalem who are in Sephirah, which is an unknown country, by the way, shall possess the cities of the south. Then savior shall come to Mount Zion to judge the mountains of Esau and the kingdom shall be the Lord's. Edom can only expect destruction in their future, but Israel will receive blessings. They will be resettled in their own land, but they will no longer be under attack. You go to Israel and every one of them, every one in Israel, eventually when they're younger, becomes a member of their military, every one of them, both women and men. They serve for a number of years, but they're always on reserve status, always on active reserve. And they continue being under active reserve for many years until they're older years. They're all ready and they're all trained because at any time, our rocket can come into the city. At any time, there can be an attack. In the past, we were on a trip in Israel years ago now and we were coming in this particular area that was, we were driving on this road that comes around the city of Jerusalem. We're going by an area where it's called Absalom's Tomb. Off to our left, you can see a couple of churches. And as we were driving, my wife and I were in the front and Marie said, there's somebody coming from the hill. And we looked to the right and you could see somebody and they had a scarf around their face that was a young man and he was coming down through some olive trees and in his hand was a Molotov cocktail.  Now the buses that they attack are not tour buses. The buses they attack are the city buses because the city buses normally will have Jewish inhabitants. What he did is he came from that hill, he threw that Molotov.  It wasn't 30 feet in front of us. He hit the side of the bus and then hit the ground and exploded in flame.  Get on top of me and shield my body from the broken glass. Save me. Because I got to finish this tour. They have good doctors here in Israel. I turned around and I yelled at everybody down, get down. They just kind of sat there, get down. Now that was just a reaction and I didn't really need to have was just an instant reaction because they don't attack our buses. They attack the Jewish buses with the Jewish people in it.  There are, there are arid shelters everywhere in cities everywhere. We've gone from the north to the south, from the east to the west. We've gone from top to bottom. And in every city there are preparations for war. They're on the alert every day. They expect attacks at all time. That's why the security of Israel, when you fly Al-Al Airlines, is the best in the world.  They don't do that. You know, we think that we're being wise in doing that. They don't do that. Everybody goes through the same scrutiny. Everybody has to go through the same thing because they're gonna make sure that nobody gets harmed because they've had to learn to do that since they became a nation back in 1948. Whenever we travel to Israel and we fly Al-Al, I don't have a problem at all with their security because it's the safest in the world because I know that they're doing everything they can to make sure that we fly safely and arrive safely. But these people have been living under this kind of influence and this kind of awareness now for years. And there are children who've grown up never knowing a real peaceful day. We were there on one occasion when rockets were being fired. A friend of mine, a Vietnam vet, and I were walking in Jerusalem. And as we were walking back to our hotel, you could hear the sound of, it was just a deep thud.  He was a door gunner. And he turns to me, he says, those are rockets. And I said, yeah, because I spent time in the military and I heard rocket fire and all of that too. And I said, I know. And well, it turns out that this place where one of the Jewish guides lived, his compound where he lived, his apartments, they were firing towards his apartments. And so later on, a friend of mine who owns the company that we work with in Israel, his name is Samuel Schmooley. He says, Dave, you wanna go and see where the rockets were? And I said, yeah. And Gary, my friend, he says, you wanna go? And we said, yeah. But Gary says, don't tell Sonia because she won't let me go. I said, man up. No, so we walked out and Marie's looking at me like, where are you going? And I just kind of smiled because we went off. And as we went off, we saw the area that all this rocket fire had taken place. And this is how they live day in and day out. This is what goes on. But one day that isn't gonna happen anymore. One day Messiah will be ruling. One day there's gonna be peace, holiness unto the Lord. And Israel will be blessed. There'll be judges. In verse 21, when it says, Savior shall come to Mount Zion to judge the mountains of Esau. The kingdom shall be the Lord's. It's simply a picture of rulers or deliverers, judges that will be there who are gonna be representing God's rule on earth.  Praise the Lord. That is what's gonna take place. Israel will be exalted. Israel will be blessed. But the enemies of Israel will be no more. Edom is one of those enemies. And God says, because the way you treated my people, the way that you rejoice of their pain, the way that you blocked their exit so that they could find security, these are things that I'm judging you for. And it's all because of the pride of your heart that you are gonna be dealt with in this way. And that's the book of Obadiah.


He's gonna want a seven-year deal. He's 30 years old.  He's probably gonna make a well over 20 million dollars a year and he's a great player not a good player He's a great player, but do you want to go that long right now in this distressed market?  I will be convinced when they completely back out I think they're still going to be stealth players in this well the Phillies would love to be one of those teams It's on Gary Sanchez shaken loose by the Yanks.  You just have to unlock it again for that price as opposed to some of these bigger prices for real Muto or a James McCann See we still don't know Bob what the Yankee payroll is going to be And I think they're smart not to be making that public because you don't want to be bidding against yourself and have other Teams know that if they go to a certain price you're gonna back out But how Steinburner did say on my radio show the Yankees lost more money than any team in baseball in 2020 That's how much money they lost so is he gonna try to make it up with his payroll this year We don't know now I thought for a while there that there was a chance that they would not tender Gary Sanchez But last Wednesday on the hot stove I listened to Mara the Moroccans his interview with Aaron Boone and Boone was really doubling down on how much he Likes Gary Sanchez that told me that they are going to pick up and tender him a contract And if you think about it, who would they go after do they do they rely on the gosh You're gonna be an everyday catcher. I'm not sure they think that way So they'd have to go get another catcher because the young catchers in their system still aren't ready to play in the major League so let's look at a guy like James McCann James McCann had a good season last year for the White Sox But the bottom line is I think he made something like five and a half million dollars now The White Sox didn't tender him and they did not offer him the 18.9 because in all likelihood He would have accepted it so you're gonna have to pay more for McCann than you would for Sanchez And the Yankees still have a true belief that there's something there Something went awry in 2020 and that they could fix him And I think another fear has to be when you let a guy like Gary Sanchez go Maybe he hits the reset button.  You don't want that either I think it's a smart play to pick up the option Give him the six million dollars on arbitration And then if it doesn't work out it doesn't work out and you you kind of change gears and pivot on a dime During the season, but I think the smart play now is to bring them back. All right, Michael great to see you Have a great holiday season. Of course, we will see you soon


Everybody forced here ripping 2023 certified football hobby four bucks number 18 pick your team style Got AJW with the Jets Alan with the Texans Alexander with the Bucks to Alan's Alan S has the Texans Alan B has Washington Andrew T. Bengels Austin B Bears Ben L Packers Dakota Broncos Daniel M. Cardinals Drew our Falcons and Colts George M. Jags Cowboys Gordon P Browns and Vikings Gregory M. Has the Ravens and the Dolphins Jason M. Giants Joseph M. Saints Josh I Seahawks Justin C with Chiefs Keith B. Lyons Kevin L. Patriots Matthew S. Eagles Nate S. Chargers Patrick E. Steelers Peter A. Panthers Rory C. Bills Sean with the Rams Steven V. Niners Valerie Raiders and Wong S with the Titans Steve for views no views. I think four is how many he got now Seven to go on the mixer nine to go on origins Let's do it y'all. Let's do it y'all origins next nine to go There are short prints and in certified so we pulled a night move his last break They can be like case hits on average, but we might see one here. We've seen multiple in a case before so they're like SP's Certified stars Micah Parsons Cowboys. It's a 99 and Micah Parsons Cowboys How bad is ever going to be if the Cowboys actually put it together in the playoffs people are gonna be so mad. I Don't think so either but But it's like that one like it could happen anything possible The Raiders making plans impossible, but you know certified stars Mike Evans Bucks Roderick Jones rookie to 199 for these Steelers Yeah, there's some really good hockey teams Mike and there's some really bad hockey teams San Jose, they're terrible Immortals Dan Hampton Zach Charbonnet redemption Seahawks freshman fabric mirror signatures Seahawks on the Charbonnet. It's weird Steve sent us beer, but Sean prefers wine No Seahawks franchise foundations DK Metcalf the 25 You go Seahawks. I still think the Cowboys can't do it mainly the literal main reason is because they do not have Like an actual number two receiving threat. They still don't and it's gonna cost them in the playoffs Nick Chubb there Broncos the 149 Patrick Surtain the second Aaron Donald franchise foundations Rams, but they Daniel Jones Giants Jersey card piece of the game to 199 Yeah, so like the SP chase and certified. There's a few of them. I think it says on the box It's night moves. Yeah night moves the mighty and radical rookies. There's also the graffiti that are short print this year, too So there's a few SP chases Dalvin cooked a 249 certified stars Minnesota to 399 rookie Vikings Dwayne McBride Speaking McBride anybody seen a the foot fist way or whatever it's called again a bride. That is a That's a great movie got Immortals Tim Brown piece of the game Jersey Justin Jefferson and 99 Vikings Calling cards on my raw St. Brown lions with a Vaughn Miller bills 22 of 50 gold team the Heem Hines bills Romeo Dobb certified potential auto packers to 75. What was the over-under on this game? I gotta know 35 and a half That's still pretty low. That's that's scary to bet That's D is good though. That's they're legit. They're legit Miles Garrett on the calling cards Rookie Jersey Auto K. Sean butate a 349 Patriots. Yeah, I'm getting the Hard rock after this dude Seeing 35 and a half under on this Nick Bosa gold team and other Dobbs auto for the Packers. This one's number to 199 certified stars Vikings Daven Cook Zach Harrison Falcons rookie number to 325 There's there's two there's two of them Mike. There's two of them There's a there's one that's Ruth as a as a red sock and one as Ruth as a Yankee well Anderson franchise foundations for the Texans followed by a Bears rookie Darnell Wright.  So there's two Ohtani and Ruth duals Pretty wild that there's even one got big Ben for the Steelers Jersey card is Rashi rice rookie chiefs the 399. I don't know Mike stat. That's a lot. I think Ruth autos alone do what like 25 to like 35 depending on maybe a little more than that It's a 149 certified stars McLauren commanders. Oh Larry granted. It is gonna be like the only of its kind so Maybe if there's a card in indefinite that'll do it. It's it's that 99 Ricky Deuce Vaughn for the Cowboys How's it going Larry? Larry I know it's crazy Greg. He won't sign anything Joe Pearl calling cards Guys a real piece of work. Yeah, it's me Gold team hurts Addison rookie to 399 from Minnesota certified stars Tyree killed dolphins Bryce young rookie number to 149 for the Panthers, I'm also gonna send a box. I brought the Panthers. There's an unfortunate scratch under his elbow there Gonna want to get that one replaced Carolina Big elbow guy calf-free franchise Foundation Cardinals James Conner to 349. We have so far Taylor Have so far It's been pretty solid present draft is freaking bananas Greg you got any hookups on dolphin tickets? You're not coming down for the bills game kind of question is that dude? Of course. He does Greg's gonna give you tickets. Let's go. That's what I heard But I want to go to the dolphins bills game, man. Yeah, it's not a very marquee game So you should be able to get an easy on that one. That's uh, I think it's January 7th Sunday to be determined So that's gonna be like a Sunday night game. Yeah more likely they're gonna flex that into like 4 p.m. Primetime or Sunday night prime time Down to six on origins next It's January 7th Greg's asking all these questions. He's like, I don't have I don't have a book whatsoever I'm going string them along string them along now for January 7th Dude, that means Greg's going with you. Let's go. We got Addison rookie to 325 for the Vikings I Was gonna win that one by like 40 I think Kenneth Walker calling cards for Seattle to 99 is a Olave for the Saints. It's going pretty well Taylor It's going pretty well Vaughn. Good evening. How are you? What up? Bryce young franchise foundations for the Panthers Vaughn is a fellow, uh, Rajee Davis truther rookie Jersey Otto is a flowers the 75 nice hit Baltimore Is that Greg last spot mojo? Yes, it was To 75 say flowers rookie Jersey Otto very nice Low numbered flowers.  We'll random that at the end between the Cardinals and the Broncos Mims and Brown, I bet that's one player. It's happy that Kyler's back is Hollywood Brown. Oh, yeah Jamal Anderson is 75 immortals for the Falcons for not playing in a while and come out from injuries and beyond the Cardinals He was pretty good So off to see if the that continues Because if Kyler just locks in I think I think it'd be I think it'd be pretty solid Calling cards Micah Parsons Cowboys look fast today too, so Rookie for the Seahawks is gonna be Zach Sharper and a to 199 could break Seahawks. All right, Rajee Davis Gold team Miles Garrett followed by Dom and cook the 275 for the Vikings Yeah, they definitely play on the edge of it. They they're an aggressive Very interesting team Punders and kickers in a lot of work tonight Certified stars Brice Young Jonathan Taylor to 349 Colts Barrow gold team for the Bengals Rashi Rice chiefs rookie Jersey card to 349 Shawn doesn't have email. You gotta it's good. She's got a mail it to him Yes for email. I was like who Greg did It's 249 certified stars Cooper Cup Rams Greg if you want to email the man account so no one drops your email and chat go ahead we can Yeah, SHAWN at late in sports cards.com 249 certified stars Cooper Cup Rams Parker Washington rookie auto to 99 for the As a beeper there you go Jags Parker Washington dude, we should all get late in beepers. I Would turn mine off all the time. I would never have mine on Like everybody can it quit quit beeping me quit paging me. I'm looking for rave ankle Three to go on origins next again three breaks left tonight two origins eight boxers and a 20 box flawless immaculate makes sure which is at seven to go Okay, yeah, are you serious wait for the catch? Fields franchise foundations bears Chiefs of 275 Isaiah Pacheco Great question Mike. I don't know. I think we're gonna find out tomorrow though It has not released yet. It has not released yet. Yeah, but we don't know what we don't know what it's gonna hit We'll say that Calling cards chiefs my home is the 149 rookie Parker Washington to 199 Jaguars It could literally release like Friday. I think it's gonna be the following Wednesday, Mike I think that's when it's gonna be It's still kind of up in the air But I think it I think it's a little late for it to release this week at this point I guess Friday potentially, but I would assume the following Wednesday So Wednesday before Thanksgiving, right?  That'll be a monster day A definitive releases the day before Thanksgiving dude.  That's gonna be a release day. That's like Whoo Winslow Immortals for the Chargers followed by Jalen Hyatt Giants freshman fabric mirror signatures redemption. You go Giants Lamar Jackson calling cards Gold team Saquon Barkley Giants Giants again Daniel Jones the 99 really good Giants box here Lawrence certified stars Jags rookie Jersey Tyler Scott bears out of 349 Yeah, the pre-order is also now hobby release date. I don't know when that is though So when we'll have it from from them, I don't know We shall see Immortals Randy Moss for the Patriots Jalen Hyatt to 399 again Giants Mark Andrews calling cards Ravens rookie Jersey Anthony Richardson the 399 for the Colts Gold team CJ Gardner Johnson for the Lions there Eagles the 149 Hassan Reddick certified stars Derek Henry Titans and Vinny test the Verde out of 299 for the Jets. I Think so too, Mike. I think it's gonna be a blast. I'm excited someone over one for personal son I'm gonna we're gonna rip one the night See how it goes Sunday funny down to five. I repeat Sunday funny down to five First origin is sold out as well. Oh boy. Oh boy. Oh boy You are ready for this Okay, random dual relic cardinals and Broncos out of 30 Hollywood Brown and Marvin Mims Good luck. We'll go 10 times where it was up top gets the card one two three four five six seven eight nine and ten Broncos up top. All right relics of Anthony Richardson Tyler Scott Rashi rice Deuce Vaughan Rashi rice Justin Jefferson Daniel Jones autos of Vinny test the Verde Parker Washington Zay flowers is 75 Romeo Dobbs Kshon butte Romeo Dobbs Seahawkshire Dempsey Jack Charbonnet Mirror signatures on the freshman fabric mirror signatures and Giants on the Jalen Hyatt of the same type of card That'll do origins coming up


Okay, thank you for being still here for last talk. So this last talk would be about decoding meter M2. So what I would like to emphasize is I assume that most people in this room don't care at all about meter M2. The topic here I would like to address is to use meter M2 as the reason for addressing all these fascinating topics. I should emphasize I'm trying to be a physicist. I've never been taught about any of these things here. So I discovered everything by myself. I found it very fascinating to be discovering all these signal processing techniques that you find in the various documentation about digital communication. I want to show you how getting from the raw data QPSK all the way to a JPEG image as you can see here will be addressing this talk. So Martin did not care to give you a talk with two semesters of signal processing in 20 minutes. I do. So also I should emphasize if you just want to get the image you can go out of room because this meter decoder is doing a much better job at what I'm going to show you. This is working very well. I want to go step by step into what is going here. So really for me the topic is understanding all these things not using readily available software. So that's the topic of the talk. So I'm lucky enough to be going twice every year in Arctic regions for glacier monitoring. And so I'm lucky enough to be following all these polar orbiting satellites or low earth polar orbiting weather satellites including amongst the various Leo satellites the one from the Russian meteor. So why are Arctic regions most favorable for this kind of monitoring when you have solar synchronous satellites there will be in the polar orbit 98 degree. So 90 degree would be right over the north pole. And one of these polar orbiting satellites here I've plotted the trajectory over one day. You see that when you're in Western Europe here is but also in France the green circle is the place you would be if you wanted to see the satellite horizon. This is at an altitude of elevation of 15 degree this is at elevation of 60 degree below which I don't even bother to take my antenna out. In France you will get at most one pass every day of one of these polar orbiting satellites while in the Arctic region where you've got all these passes. So it's fascinating because when you're learning to decode a new satellite here you have like 10 12 passes per day while here you have one at best. So I'm investigating Metro M2 in this context and also using the little RTL-SDR receivers because of course when you go there you're not supposed to take a big bag full of hardware that's not related to your research. So here I can just put one of these little receivers at the bottom of my backpack just find any two wires to make a dipole antenna once you arrive there and you have your setup for receiving Metro M2. So I'm sure many of you here in the room have already listened to NOAA so the NOAA satellites are dying breed because NOAA is no longer renewing their constellation of analog satellites. They started in the 70s now they are at NOAA-19 I think it was going to go up to 21 and then it will stop the NOAA. So now we have to think about the future and the future is digital communication. So digital communication is what is provided by CCSDS so because the last speaker could not say it is the consultative committee for space data systems and this is basically a body trying to standardize this communication. So that's a bit of a layout of what I want to talk. So when Bastion was showing you I have my JPEG picture then I have TCPIP then I have TCP then I have IP you've got all your OZ layers and of course when you want to decode the JPEG image on Firefox well you've got all these libraries for you and for me the exploration here was I collect this QPSK data at the output of new radio at running the RTL-SDR data stream and then how do you go from this QPSK all the way to the JPEG image. So for me it's a little bit like if you were trying to listen to a JPEG image being transmitted in HTML with just an oscilloscope connected to your internet cables and for me it's an adventure to try to get all the layers one after the other. So of course in this talk I don't claim to be going in detail I would like to show you the outline the slides will be available on the website and I hope it will make you curious about getting into all this story. Now you might be wondering people have been working happily with NOAA so why even bother with such a complex networking. So this is a talk I saw when I was at Huntsville at Marshall Space Center from Dave Israel at the YZ conference where he was showing you've got the International Space Station. The International Space Station is flying at 400 kilometer altitude and is visible if you remember my little circles on a radius of 1,500 kilometers. So this means you would need to put one station every 1,500 kilometers along the path. So this is what the Americans did for Jimmy and I and Mercury they had one ship or one station every 1,500 kilometers but that's no problem because they only did one or two orbit so you just needed to put a few stations along the orbit. ISS is rotating all over the Earth. Of course you cannot put one station every 1,500 kilometers all over the Earth. So what is happening now is ISS is completely automated the astronauts are running experiments but everything on the ISS is automated from ground stations and the ISS is only visible from a radius of 1,500 kilometers. So the ISS is not directly talking to the Earth but it's talking about the geostationary satellites. So ISS 400 kilometers rotating quite quickly talks to TDRS. TDRS are talking with each other and TDRS is sending signal back to Earth. Same is true for Hubble. Hubble Space Telescope is very expensive. You don't want to just run it as it is flying over your head. You want to continuously monitor Hubble Space Telescope measurements and of course you don't think that the US Air Force cares much about the science in Hubble Space Telescope TDRS here in the space. So of course here you have multiple satellites with multiple experiments so you need a way of packetizing your data. You need to say it's satellite number X which is sending data from instrument number Y and how you do this? Well that's where you go from QPSK which would be your Ethernet cable all the way to the JPEG image through all the layers of OZ layer. Ok let's try to have fun with the OZ layers. So first of all we need to predict where a meteor is flying. I still use SATRAC despite the Y2K bug which is still a patch and is not inserted. You can use WX2IMG in the paper I explain to you how you can cheat WX2IMG which is no longer maintained into thinking that one of the NOAA satellites is actually a Meteor M2 satellite so you can use WX2IMG and if you have internet access you can use the heavens above website. Again the beautiful thing about being in Spiesbergen Arctic region 79°N you've got all these passes at high elevations which of course you don't get in the western European country, lower latitude country you'll get one, two passes at best. Ok so we know when Meteor M2 is flying so we take our RTL SDR, we collect the data which is all stolen from the airspy website for receiving Meteor M2. Rational resampler you have your clocking so your costas loop which locks on the frequency offset between the carrier and the local oscillator bit recovery and so that's a clock recovery and at the end you've got your soft bits so already I needed to learn the first word when I was doing this soft bit is IQ coefficients where you're in 1 and 0 are not yet saturated but are still represented here by an 8 bit value and you still need to identify whether it is most probably a 1 or a 0 so I didn't know what soft bit meant so the first question is are my data even worth investigating so this is a spectrum unlike GPS now we have strong signals so you see there is something happening here is it a QPSK signal well if we expand what Paul Boven taught us about GPS where BPSK is collapsed by squaring the signal well of course if you take the end power of an NPSK signal you collapse again the spectrum spreading due to the PSK modulation so here we take our raw signal well there is something but we don't know if it's the right modulation we square it it is not BPSK so we haven't collapsed the spectrum we raise to the fourth power it is QPSK because your spectrum spreading has collapsed in the carrier so we can get a signal that are worth investigating further it seems to be QPSK modulation so once we've done this we know it's a packetized system packetized system means something will be repeated if we look at the documentation you will find that all CCSDS compliant communication start with a header well if you have packets you need to know where the packet starts and the packet start header is 1ACFFC1D try to remember this because I will keep on repeating this sentence all over the time so at first I don't know what this packet is I just want to know whether there is some repeated header in the signal so as shown in the previous offer speaker you just auto-correlate the signal if there is some redundancy this redundancy will show so by auto-correlating my signal well indeed I see a peak at 16 kilobyte I see a signal at 32 kilobyte so there is some redundancy every 16,000 samples I have some repetition so it's definitely worth working further on this data so the first thing that got me stuck because again I'm physicist I haven't been taught about signal digital communication was convolutional encoding so that's the topic of Martin's talk this morning I'm just going a slightly bit further into it because I want to show you how it's decoded I don't want to get into the encoding part the encoding actually is very simple because they show you on various documentation as an XOR as was shown by Martin this morning you just take your data stream and take convolution so you try to mix all this data to create as much randomness as you can it's one of these bits is corrupted you have a lot of chance because you've spread the information of a long duration to recover this information so here it's a seven bit long shift register you have tabs from which you XOR and you get twice as many bits on the output as you had on the input so this shift here will clock up down up down and sometimes take the output with one polynomial and on the other so if you do this you can also express this as a matrix where time is evolving over the X axis and you jump first coefficient second coefficient first coefficient of first polynomial first coefficient of second polynomial second coefficient of first polynomial and so on so you have your polynomial which are interleaved and you just shift time so that's another way of implementing your convolution encoding and the last way of saying it is you can do this as a state machine so you take the various states of your polynomial here you input a new bit into your system and by inputting a new bit in your system your shift register changes so if you had zero and you inject a zero you stay at zero and your output you run the XOR on this all the zero you get a zero output if you inject a one well your zero goes to the last zero drops the one comes here and you run this for the XOR you get one one so you can make this as a state machine so once you've discovered you have a state machine expression you can write this as the evolution between the various states so basically I had given names a b c d to my various states and then you can draw the state machine so a stays in a a goes to b if you have a one then so these are the input bits so if a is fed or zero it stays at a if a when it is fed a zero will output zero zero a when it is fed a zero where a when it is fed a one will output one one and so on so you can draw your state machine so encoding is very efficient very easy it's just XOR now the reason I wanted to show you this is if you take the same description that we had here but now you take it to decode that's a 32nd description of the Viterbian decoding algorithm in 30 seconds what you have here is let's imagine I have received this bit stream so this is what I have received so I split what I have received into zero zero zero zero zero zero and so on and what you see here I start with zero zero okay I get zero zero that is most probably state a with a zero output zero zero state a zero zero zero zero state a zero zero so these three zeros are just a looping into the zero zero now we get one one one one one is a feasible output of state a that gets us into state b so we're going to state b when you're in state b we get one one that's not possible we cannot get a one one out of state b we can get one zero zero one well at the moment we don't know what the best option so let's follow the two possible path we know it's wrong but let's follow the two possible path after that we got zero one so we could be here c but c cannot have zero one it can be only one one or zero zero so c would create two errors that's the wrong path so we cut it out and Viterbian tells you let's not follow this one now we go into this path here because zero one is a valid output of d that would be considered as a zero and then you go on and you follow your path so we add the output bits here you have the number in red of errors two errors means we give up on this particular branch and we continue with a branch with only one error and this unique error continues with a consistent path that tells you in the transmission this bit was erroneous so you see that by spreading the information over a long duration we had just a burst of one bit error that's the point of convolution encoding it's just a noise on one bit and this unique bit has been recovered by Viterbi decoding and then indeed we recover one a which is the first bit the first byte of our synchronization word so ok we've understood Viterbi decoding so now well we can go for so yeah sorry this is what I so if you don't want to go into all the math by yourself you have leapfake with you and by k thank you and leapfake will do the job for you here I put for you a very simplified chart of running leapfake for viterbi decoding just don't do the same mistake as I did leapfake will not take as input 0 or 1 you need to feed it 0 or 255 it's working on a byte so I struggle for like a couple of weeks why is leapfake not decoding just because I was giving it 0 and 1 let's give it 0 and 255 and again the word encoded word here will be decoded as 1 a c f f c 1 d so we know that the encoded word of viterbi you can use leapfake to encode or to decode so this is the encoded word and this is the decoded word this is how you do it with leapfake ok so we've got leapfake we can check that indeed we can decode our word so if we have the sequence so this is an example that was given to me by the author of GR Satellite by Daniel Estevez I hope I pronounce his name correctly it's you've got leapfake decoder here as was shown by by martin this morning and if I feed my GR decoder here with the encoded word indeed I can get the output which is 1 a c f f c 1 d except sometimes I get wrong messages because you see here that my input stream is repeating and if I repeat my input stream the hypothesis of viterbi is to start with a shift register that is full of 0 and that is not correct because here after the first decoding I don't have a shift register full of 0 so then I have one wrong sequence and then I go back to 1 a c f f c 1 d which is the correct sequence so you can play with this and it's an opportunity to see how the header word of c c s d s is decoded by by the fake decoder in the radio what is the sequence well as we did for GPS now I should be able to correlate the signal with a synchronization word after encoding by viterbi and if miserably fails you see absolutely no correlation peak I cannot find in my QPSK signal the set of bits of my encoding word why is that well I associated the usual constellation to my QPSK QPSK is four phases so I have 90, 180, 270, 360 degrees and 270 degrees I associated a symbol a set of bits to each one of the symbols of the states but why would I do that why would I not associate a different symbol to a different set of bits pair of bits to each symbol so this is actually what you figure out when you read the source code of meter decoder you figure out that meter decoder starts by creating rotated copies all the possible rotated copies and then you can say let's take the standard distribution of bit pairs of QPSK and let's imagine like in BPSK you can have 0 or pi or pi or 0 but in BPSK it doesn't care because you just go to a 0, 1 or 1, 0 but you will still correlate only you have an anti-correlation but for QPSK you've got all these possible shift positions so you can swap the real part and so if you look into meter decoder you indeed find that I will not get with you but you swap all the possible bit pairs so 1, 1 becomes 0, 1, 1 can become 0, 0, 1, 1 can become 1, 0 so you make all the possible combinations and because you don't care about anti-correlation these 8 possible bit swaps actually become 4 possible combinations because you have 4 ways of combining all these bits if you think that 1 and 0, 0 are the same so having done that now you can see here all the possible correlations and the only one that gives you correlation I don't know if you can see this from the room but you've got no correlation peak for all these cases but here you've got these correlation peaks every 16,000 bits so this means this is the right assignment of each symbol into the bit pair so now I found how to convert my QPSK signal to the encoded VTRB keyword and by encoded VTRB synchronization word I can start decoding my my sentences so I will skip Reed Solomon because actually Reed Solomon is a block encoder so VTRB is to eliminate random bits that have flipped during the communication while Reed Solomon or what well the reason I'm skipping it is because I investigated quite more deeply BCH which is the encoder block encoder in RDS that was investigated heavily by Bastion so when I worked on BCH I've put a reference here you can look at how BCH is working and Reed Solomon is just an extension of this the only reason I'm mentioning this is you've got your data here if you don't want block correction which is someone is emitting and you've got whole blocks of data that have been corrupted well you can get rid of Reed Solomon if you want to use it just be aware because again you want to spread information over time because you want to recover as much information as possible you will have interleaved Reed Solomon meaning you have four interleaved Reed Solomon you have data 1, data 2, data 3, data 4 data 1, data 2, data 3, data 4 you need to deinterleave render Reed Solomon recovery and then reinterleave your data so it's just I will skip this because well because only I don't have time to get the details and again I give you the example how to run how to run the Reed Solomon decoder in LeapFec so if you want to give it a try by yourself here is my data set I voluntarily corrupt four bytes I voluntarily corrupt bytes in the data set so in the payload or in the correction code and if I run this in my Reed Solomon decoder indeed I detect or I LeapFec detects four corrupted bytes and these four corrupted bytes are these values which can be recovered so you don't only discover which bytes are corrupted but you can find the properly initial values of these bytes so just demonstration again you have to run it by yourself I can talk as much as I want if you don't run it by yourself you don't learn so try it by yourself good so we claim to have found out how to work with Reed Solomon decoder we claim to have worked understood how Reed Solomon is working so there are the bits that we get out of the Viterbi decoder valid that I can claim now I've done the job I can go away well we want a picture we don't want a random set of bits so the first thing we can do when we look at the datasheet is or the documentation of a metro M2 transmission whose Web I'll give you the references where you can find the documentation the last slide you see that there is telemetry data and this telemetry data are encoded in a sentence to recognize so that you know where your telemetry data are located so you've got this magic sentence 224 168 163 146 blah blah blah 191 so this magic sentence tells you I am sending a telemetry frame so what do we do well we take all our decoded bits and we cross correlate our decoded bits with this sequence and this is one of these awe inspiring moments where it works you find this sentence in all your bits and if you decode the following bytes hours minute seconds you find that the information was collected at 11 o'clock 48 minutes 33 seconds which is indeed the output of the metro decoder provided as a reference so you see here that we have indeed properly decoded the Viterbi and Reed Solomon or actually in this part I skip Reed Solomon but we have understood Viterbi because we can find the telemetry sentence and we can decode proper information now I found the telemetry but still a bit far from pictures but the next part the end now is easy because I don't get the details it took me a couple of months this work has been started a bit more than a year ago but once you've got the bits it's just a matter of basically finding what the bytes are and checking whether they follow the standard so I will not get the details but indeed you see that you've got this header which is always the same that tells you well we're in a good job that there's an ID then they tell you have a counter well indeed these three bytes you see that they're increasing one by one so we're on the right path and then they tell you here is a header so this is an address of the first payload because the difficulty is that you've got the data packet and then you've got the payload packet and there is no reason for the data packet to be synchronized on payload packets so you might have payload lying over multiple data packets so this is the address at which the first payload packet is starting and so on and so on so I will not get the details but this is just a matter of following the protocol so once you've got the bytes it's really easy and finally you are supposed on the payload to get JPEG images and this is where I gave up I said okay I'm not going to re-encode the whole Huffman encoder and everything so this is where I just took this port of the decoder the metro M2 decoder that was ported from Pascal to C++ and I just used the decoder JPEG is standard bachelor level computer science signal processing training I didn't want to write all of it again maybe for the next training session but yeah I wanted to get some images so I went so to conclude the talk that's what I get at first so you are told in the standard again it's all detailed in the paper that I uploaded on the FOSDEM website you are told that your JPEG images are 8x8 bit frames these 8x8 bit thumbnails repeat 14 times and each one of these 14x8 bit sequences repeats 14 times along one picture line and then you jump to a next instrument because there are three wavelengths which they call three instruments you get one line of the next instrument 8 bits wide 1500 bit long and then you go to the next instrument and so on so here you see that I had some missing frames so some missing thumbnails that I had to introduce so what I did here is because you've got a counter you know that when you have missing frames here I just very stupidly did if you're missing a frame copy the previous frame and this way I could miss feel the missing thumbnails and here you start seeing some pattern and here you've got one parameter in JPEG which is called the coefficient quality coefficient which gives you the relation between the quantization and the quantization matrix and here is no quality so you see that the sharp pictures here don't have the same tone as the flatter area of the picture but you start seeing here the alps and finally by applying the quality coefficient you get an image that is a bit more smooth and that compares I think quite favorably to the reference picture that was decoded using the satellite decoder that you can find on the internet so here you see Istria you have Balaton Lake somewhere over here I think you've got Vinice over here so if you take the metadata decoder you get an image that is quite consistent with what we got by step by step decoding so that was of course in 25, 27 minutes a very fast highlight of the main steps go through the paper the paper is actually about 50 pages long at the moment and increasing and trying to put every detail about the data from IQ coefficient all the way to the JPEG image CCSDS is a protocol for space communication you might not care about weather satellites but what Daniel Estevez is showing on his blog and as mentioned by Paul is this is a standard for most satellite communication and that's going to be the future because noAA is going to stop the analog satellites so I think if you're interested in satellite decoding this is really worth investigating Daniel Estevez is an amateur satellite up there Lucas Teske is a Brazilian guy who's working on Goethe satellites, geosynchronous and his website was very inspiring despite at some point splitting the path of decoder his beginning was very insightful and he helped me a lot by email these two guys helped me a lot this is the website that was hosting all the files about Metro M2 somehow in between in the middle of this investigation it disappeared I don't know where the site is, hopefully we've got a web archive I don't know where this website is it's a fundamental repository of all the data some of which cannot be found anywhere else and finally there is one article which is not very technical but it tells you that it could be done and with that I conclude my talk and I thank you for your attention next one so just as a quick conclusion Martin introduced during his introductory talk that we are organizing the European New Radio Day so my frustration is that here we have two days of first-time we have one day full of talks we never have time to discuss with each other everyone's running to our sessions and I wanted to have an opportunity to meet with people and sit together so the way I organize this is one day or we organize this is one day of oral presentation one day of tutorials everything is open at the moment we are proposing some tutorial please feel free to propose new tutorials Robin gets is coming from analog devices to demonstrate the Pluto so he told me I hope and I trust him it is located in France in Besançon Besançon is a tiny remote city which means that hotels are readily available here in east of France it's two and a half hour train trip from Paris it's a few hours from Karlsruhe it's a couple of hours from Karlsruhe the call from contribution is March 21st registration is free but please register because I need to organize I need to know how many people are coming so registration deadline is May 1st the website is over here and hopefully the evening dinner will be a barbecue so that everyone can talk to each other and have more time to discuss so I will not waste our time with more advertisement but please come


How to add or subtract polynomials? What do you get when you add two cats and three dogs? Let me think five cat dogs No, right? Because the cats continue to be cats and the dogs continue to be dogs I mean you may have five pets, but you still have two cats and three dogs Now we can apply this same principle when we add polynomials Because what property do we use when we add things? Yes, we add things with the same name Consider this if Julia has three cats and one dog and Jeremy has one cat and two dogs What can you say about their combined number of cat and dogs? Well, let's use C for cats and D for dogs So Julia Julia has three cats. Let's say three C and one door That's right one D and We want to combine them so combined means we have to add them We're going to add the number of pets that Julia has with the dogs and cats that Jeremy has This heat Jeremy has one cat. So we'll see one C and Two dogs plus two D. Now when we add this we know that They have four cats four C and that they have three dogs all together We are adding things with the same name cats with cats sees with sees and dogs with dogs These with these now, of course, we didn't need to write this one here or here But we wrote it just for a clarification Now let's look at subtraction What if Two cats and one dog from their combined number of pets die What could we say about their combined number of cats and dogs? You have four cats all together Julia and Jeremy. Hey, they have four cats and they have three dogs Mmm, and we want to subtract those that will die so One two cats will die and one dog will die Now we know that if we had four cats and two die We're gonna and we're gonna end up with two cats and then if we had three dogs and one dies We're going to end up with two dogs But notice that in order for this to happen You know, we're subtracting this guy from C and this guy from D So this is just for C Plus 3d Minus 2c Minus right we're distributing that minus sign minus D and now we combine like terms for C minus 2c plus 3d minus D is equal to 2c plus 2d, which is exactly this


You can look back retrospectively and think, oh, I wish I knew them what I know now or I'd have a different conversation with a younger version of myself. But the point is that that's all part of that journey. So Aston Villa at that time was challenging, but yeah, I still did all of the things that people would have said is classified as success. You know what I mean? I was a youth product from Aston Villa. One trophies broke through, played in the first team, captain of my country, got into the national team. And then, you know, the next phase of that journey was to come and play for the team and support it as a boy. So to all intensive purposes, people will have been saying it's been all right, isn't it? But it wasn't how it was. There was a lot of bullying at Aston Villa, which I found incredibly challenging. Personal bullying, so yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Which is like documented, been in the press. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But the point was, again, it was something else that took your energy. So your fight or flight as an individual was fight and don't let people see you bleeding.


It's a party, man. It's a party, man. Climbing on three, one, two, three. No, sir. Back to back, baby. And it's four for four. No, sir. Chill, chill, chill. I might do it, I forgot to tell you. Now you good, you good. Move the ball. I ain't second it long, second it 15. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Shout out to my mom. Shout out to my family. Shout out to the community. Hello, y'all. One, two, three, bang.