Welcome to Monet Cafe. I'm artist Susan Jenkins. I'm happy you're here to paint these lovely red and pink poppies and I hope you'll subscribe and come back for more videos. Today I'm gonna talk about how you can prevent yourself from overworking your paintings with this painting tutorial and I'm calling these rejoicing poppies. Don't they look like they're rejoicing? So join me in this real-time painting tutorial where I will give you a strategy that might help you to keep from overworking your paintings. Hello artist and welcome to Monet Cafe. I thought I'd bring you along with me right now. I've got about less than an hour to paint before I have to be somewhere and I thought I just feel like I need to paint. I've been doing so many other things. So I grabbed me a piece of Sennelier Le Carte pastel card. I love this surface. It takes a little getting used to sometimes. It actually feels kind of like a soft gritty pastel paper but it holds a lot of layers. I think it lends itself towards an impressionistic painterly ending result and so I'm just gonna paint and bring you guys along with me. So I may be fast and furious here but it should be fun. Here is the large pad of the pastel card made by Sennelier. It's Le Carte pastel pastel card. It's called pastel card because it's kind of thick. Kind of like cardstock and it comes in two sizes of pads. You can of course buy it in individual sheets as well but I like that this pad comes with multiple colors. It's such a nice sanded surface. It's kind of soft and I really love the impressionistic outcome that you get with this paper. Before getting started I wanted to add in also that this paper is not water friendly so just be sure to use pastels only on this surface. All right here we go. I'm working from a reference image that is not my own and I'm going to be altering it a lot and just improvising making it very impressionistic. So I won't share the image but I think you should be able to if you want to follow along. I think you should be able to do that with this. It's a pretty simple layout actually. Let me get some charcoal sketch in a little bit of this. It's going to be some poppies with a background of some just absolutely beautiful background of blue mountains and we want to keep these very gestural. Don't even worry about drawing poppies that are perfect poppies. Okay we don't need that. This is just very gestural. I'll find the more loose and free you can get the better. So I kind of want some energy of it coming up this way and so you also too want to vary the size of your poppies. Some are going to be a little smaller. You can actually even do them like little rectangles. I do have a little one over here popping up and I make it kind of smaller in the background. A few are further away. One's back here just reaching up on its own a little smaller. Then we're going to have various other poppies that are small in the background and if they're much smaller we don't need to draw them and we can layer them on the top. So just getting in some little feeling of poppies like a little kind of like a curve where the eye is going to come up like this. So that's really pretty much all I need. There is one big one down here. Like I said I'm improvising this photo so let's not worry about that. Now first I'm going to work around these poppies and get a background in. There's this absolutely gorgeous kind of bluish purple mountain in the background. I'm going to get this in just to kind of show you where the, oh and I love this La carte paper, show you where the mountain horizon line is back here. It's right about here. It's a little above halfway. I got to work fast and furious here and I do, I think I want that one reaching up even higher, a little higher. I like it when they pop up over the rest of the poppies. Okay so here's my mountain and the mountain's going to kind of come in like here, a little curve down. There's just a little bit of the sky showing back here and then the mountain kind of comes up here. Alright so there's the mountain. We've got a little band of some trees going on and all it is is just a little really nice blue pastel. We've got a little border of trees going on back here and I'm just grabbing pastels from my set. I always call it my intermediate set. It's where I throw a lot of my pastels in between paintings but it ends up having such a nice arrangement of color. Okay so I'm taking this dark green and see I can just grab from this. I usually have the right kind of value and color. If you don't have these colors, don't worry about it as long as you use the right value. This could be a dark purple, this could be a dark blue, but I'm going to make me like a little idea of a tree background here. You want to vary this too. I'm gonna keep it low in here because I want some of these poppies to be peaking up and then I'm gonna make a a bank of trees a little higher over here. It's usually best, I think I heard it from artist Karen Margulis, to have your mountain. She probably heard it from another artist. We all kind of copy each other with what we learn and that's that's fine. That we want our mountains and trees smiling rather than frowning. Notice even my mountain even though it's in a section here is going up. The trees are going up so that's all I need right there. There we go. And now for this beautiful feel that's bringing our eye back. I'm gonna go ahead and get in some dark underneath. Now this is a pretty dark dark. This is that Terry Ludwig eggplant. I think it's too dark. I have a tendency sometimes to go too dark in my paintings. I'm gonna go with this beautiful purple. The paper is already a nice warm color and so I'm just letting it be kind of a nice warm underpainting. I don't want to cover everything up here. I like I like a little bit of that warmth peeking through. This area in here has a little bit of taller grasses and darker in here. Okay and I like that and we may have that kind of a little bit of this like a trail just kind of coming up and back. I think I'm gonna make those trees a little further away. That's the neat thing is once you start learning some of these principles you can just improvise. You can take a photo and just make it your own. You can also take some of your older paintings and recreate them with with different color palettes. Alright now since I have such a short period of time I'm just gonna paint now you guys enjoy.  I wanted to give some advice about this paper or pastel papers in general. There's a tendency sometimes to look at all that area that looks very unfinished such as I mean look at that purple that I added you know in the foreground kind of curving around. Notice how it looks kind of I don't know scribbly or doesn't have all of the surface covered and my advice is to resist the urge to cover that or complete that because your painting will feel a bit disjointed or perhaps overworked which is kind of part of this video. If you focus too much too quickly on one area or getting it finished looking before the rest of the painting is we're working the painting overall and now I'm gonna talk again a little bit more about the advantages once again to not overwork your painting by giving yourself a time limit. In my case an hour I recommend and I I actually love to do paintings that are more like 15 or 20 minutes and not being afraid to throw them away when you're done. Okay I'm gonna pause on that for a minute and talk to you a little bit about this. That mountain in the background was so beautiful. Now it was like this gorgeous blue color but if I just chose I really like this blue that I have in my hand but if I had just picked up that blue and painted that without putting that purple down beneath it it would have been very flat and not very full of life. There's just something about nature and God's design of color that there are usually multiple colors happening at the same time and that's one of the beautiful aspects I should say about pastel painting that I like to try to embrace and I'm learning to embrace is to let the colors play upon themselves. If we overblend, overwork the colors gonna become muddy and you're not gonna see them interacting with each other and layering and peeking through as this purple and blue are doing right now. Now I'm grabbing this happens to be I think it's a Sennelier pastel. I noticed in the mountain there was a little bit of a leaning towards a warm blue or a cool green. Okay it's kind of like a turquoise color and so it was in the areas where the mountain was kind of highlighted. I noticed it was a little bit too light so I'm darkening the mountain in areas right now with this purple. So it's still not a dark value but I added the purple first as a base and typically with pastel we work we go dark to light. We lay our darker light value down first. That doesn't mean black. It just means if you're looking at something like these mountains I want to get a base down like that purple before I put the lighter values on top and so all these colors that purple the blue that I used and that kind of teal almost aqua color that I added are all going to add to make this mountain magical and have the colors vibrating. That's the word I'm looking for. They actually do seem to vibrate when you don't overwork or over blend them. Now the advantage of working quickly is we have more of a tendency to work the overall painting because we know we're on a time crunch rather than getting so fussy in one area. So that's what restricting your time may do for you in helping you avoid that habit. I have this habit so bad and I say this all the time in my videos. I see this habit that I have so often because I have the advantage of making so many videos and watching myself paint when I'm done and I'm like man why did I keep working? I should have paused, backed away, slowed down or given myself a time limit as I've done here. So now when you're just beginning I know that's easier said than done. You know there's a lot of things you're still learning so you may need to slow down in certain areas but once you feel like you're kind of getting somewhere give yourself limited amounts of time to work and I think you will find that your work will be more lively fresh energetic colorful less muddy look at all those things I've just rattled off but I it's true I know this about myself how I've worked and okay now I'm comparing some of the colors for the sky the sky is going to be the lightest thing I know that the sky upper heavens is usually darker and cooler so I'm getting down this kind of periwinkle blue and I know that the beauty of pastels is we can layer so I'm getting it in generally there's not much of the sky showing here and then I know that I'm going to work in what happens to the sky as it gets closer to the horizon well typically in our earth atmosphere we've got the Sun involved the Sun's gonna warm things up so usually lower towards the horizon we've got a bit of the Sun playing to make things warmer thus typically cool colors even blues are gonna get warmer what happens with a blue when it gets warmer it gets more teal our turquoise I'm getting a little bit of a lighter value it's still a little bit of that warm blue little teal typically it's lighter down towards the horizon now I'm using some of the other colors just to blend and back again to somehow thinking or sometimes thinking that oh my pastels aren't blending I need to get out a blending tool or I need to use my finger right now what I'm doing I'm letting the pastels blend themselves I only used a blending tool one time in this painting and it was for the sky I wanted it to be a little bit softer so that it receded in the distance I'm talking all the time about these strategies and these techniques and tactics that make things recede in the distance that's one of the things we're trying to do as artists we're trying to make a three-dimensional landscape look three dimensional on a two-dimensional two-dimensional surface so we have to use these strategies and one of them is to decrease detail which is why I blended the sky it pushed it back made it further away you'll see me later just using a piece of pipe foam insulation to blend the sky I don't know how long I'm gonna talk here I'm actually kind of tired I've had a busy day I know a lot of you guys can relate and sometimes art is our sanctuary that's my my word now that I describe my little happy place in my studio and my studio you know Monet cafe is only a 10 by 13 room and I know even before that I worked at my kitchen table I worked at my dining room table I know that's what a lot of you guys are doing but finding your little happy place in your sanctuary often art is your escape and it's your little place to relax and really when you're painting it kind of takes your mind off of all of the other challenges that you might have in life so whatever little space you have make it your own I really there's other videos I want to do sometimes just giving tips on how to do that just because I've had to work so economically my whole art career and practically and in small spaces but you know what I am coming to embrace the blessing of less is more it really is there's more freedom when you don't have too much stuff and even though we all want more pastels right we want like every pastel color in the rainbow we still can do a lot with very little we that's why do some limited palette videos where you don't have to have so much I am kind of rambling aren't I but I am going to add some music I want you guys to enjoy this and sometimes I like to add a lot of commentary but sometimes I just like to let you guys enjoy the process this is still real time I am gonna speed it up a little bit at the end right now I'm about 15 minutes into this and it did take me less than an hour praise the Lord I made it to my appointment which was with my kids we went to Costco oh our big outing that was my big thing I had to do and it was very nice though because I haven't been out of my house much since I've been home caring for my mother-in-law with terminal cancer so that's like I said some of the things that are giving our hearts and souls and minds and peace is painting so again I did accomplish my one-hour painting and it was more fresh and less muddied and overwork so that's my goal for this particular tutorials and if you do recreate this painting often I forget to share kind of what the the rules are I don't have many rules I really just ask that if you share your painting that you recreated from my painting that you just give me credit I often forget to say that I'm on Instagram and at Susan Jenkins artist and I'm very thankful a lot of you have been doing that you recreate a painting the great thing it's not that I want the credit I want to see what you've done and I can see that when you mention me like that with the at symbol Susan Jenkins artist I can see what you've done I am going to tell you here I'm going to apologize I didn't have my camera in the location I normally have it like I said I was in a rush here I had it kind of too much behind my head so when I get to the right side of the painting sometimes my big old heads in the way but I think you should still should be able to see it and also if you shared on Facebook or anywhere you know maybe just mentioned that you followed my video and I don't have any other restrictions really other than that I don't really do a lot of contests or things where my work is exclusive for me I really just love to teach and share with you guys so feel free to share and and enjoy so alright here's some music like I said a while ago it's really coming alright I'm close to wrapping it up at this point and I wanted to mention that these thinner pastels you see me using here for the wispy grasses are prismacolor new pastels belt in you pastels they're harder they're excellent for some linear strokes like this and I'm trying to keep it fresh and once again not overworked also to before showing the final painting I wanted to mention that my patrons from my patreon page it's only five dollars a month to support this channel and get some extra instruction my patrons will receive the color notes I'm going to show you all of the colors that I use for this particular painting a little perk for being a patron of mine all right it's been about an hour and I am happy I'm dirty but I am happy with the loose results and again I love this la carte paper do you see how the it has the painterly impressionistic feel so give yourself a time limit stick to it don't be so serious about it it's okay if you throw your work away because you're learning something with every painting all right I gotta go happy painting


of sum of GP last year 0.3 bar how much was it how much it how much was it you found out right rational expression for 0.3 bar in P by Q form what was 3 by 1 by 3 right they will use of sum of infinite GP can be used to find out the same now let us say s is equal to 0.33333 this is the thing can I write this as s 0.3 plus 0.03 plus 0.003 plus 0.0003 plus 1 and so forth right I can write that I can write that as 3 upon 10 plus 3 upon 100 plus 3 upon 1000 plus 3 upon 10,000 plus 1 and so forth till infinity is it it so s cannot take 3 by 10 common and I will get 1 plus 1 by 10 plus 1 by 100 plus 1 by 1000 plus so on and so forth till infinity now is this finite or infinite series with what is the ratio this is an infinite series infinite series right what is the ratio ratio is what is the common ratio in this case what is the common ratio ratio is 1 upon 10 so what will be the sum sum is a upon 1 minus r right a is 1 1 minus 1 by 10 which is 3 by 10 into 10 by 9 once again understood last class in grade 9 whatever we learnt finding out the you know p by q form of a recurrent non-terminating decimal form so you can use that now find this sum 5 55 55 55 55 55 55 2 in terms get me an expression for this so let's say 5 plus 55 let's say this is s plus 555 dot dot what will you do till n terms let's say you are doing for n terms not infinite there is no question of infinite series here because infinite series will make it infinity anyways positive ratio r would be higher right more than right so take 5 common so what will you get 1 plus 11 plus 111 plus 1111 plus dot dot dot n terms right but we have still not yeah why not can I take 5 common from all what is the problem 5 into 1 5 into 11 5 into 1 1 1 what is the problem you give it okay yep so now but still this is not in GP not in GP but we can convert it into one how 5 okay so you can write this as how how will you write this yeah you can do this you can multiply divide by 9 so this becomes 9 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 terms is it is that okay can I do that multiply and divide the entire thing by 9 correct no you are in TSC they can ask you what is the value till 20 terms like that is it okay or give it by with the put okay say next year 5 by 9 can I write 9 as 10 minus 1 right and 99 as 100 minus 1 and triple 9 as 1000 minus 1 right and 1 0 0 0 0 minus 1 like correct now do you see some GP 5 by 9 then 10 100,000 right till n terms right and then minus 1 so all minus common 1 plus 1 plus 1 plus 1 how many n terms right so as it is 5 by 9 or the sum of this GP is first term into common ratio is 10 to the power n minus 1 by 10 minus 1 which is 9 minus n am I right this is the expression for some till n terms below so much guy did you understand so if you want you can simplify it further so what you can do is take LCM so 5 by 81 so this 9 comes out but in return what does it do it becomes 10 to the power n plus 1 minus 10 minus 9 n this is a term for some of that series and it's done below


Meanwhile, the North East Development Commission, NEDC, said it has become pertinent to gather stakeholders within North East. This is an order to discuss the way forward and to correct the damage done by Boko Haram in the region. The Managing Director, Mohamed Al-Khali, disclosed this in YOLA during the consultative and engagement meeting on its developmental 10-year plan for the North East. He explained that the NEDC is doing everything possible to rebuild all the places touched by terrorists. Professor Boboyumar represented the Managing Director. He said the master plan will identify the needs of the region and spell out strategies, immediate and long-term interventions for the recovery, stabilization, renewal and sustainable development of the region. Take a listen. The 10-year plan consists of 10 pillars which will encompass the relevant aspects of policies and programs of the state and those of other partners. In this meeting, the progress made so far in the master plan project will be presented to stakeholders and their input solicited thereafter for inclusion in the plan. This meeting has been working seriously with the civil society organization but this morning I want to say two things, one I want them to improve their coordination and they are working with the CSOS because we are all in the same thing trying to develop our region, trying to make our people to live a better life. This is a lot of good effort of the North East Development Commission and especially the solution I involved under the table, bring up our issue of gender equity, which is inevitable.


Hello, and welcome to this brief video on citation from York University Libraries. Citing your sources is a crucial part of academic practice, but what is citation doing for your work and how do you write one? When you cite your sources, you're showing your reader all the ideas you've quoted, paraphrased, or otherwise used in your work. Citing your sources shows the strength of your argument by acknowledging how it builds on previous knowledge. In academia, the idea of the scholarly communication life cycle describes how new ideas are created from previous ones. This is the essence of citation. Research, write, review, and repeat. Making the connections between your work and the work done by others explicit via citation shows that you understand the scholarly landscape of your topic and helps readers see the connection between authors. There are lots of different citation styles, and they differ slightly based on discipline. For example, APA is used mainly in the social sciences, MLA is used in the humanities, Chicago is the preferred style for history scholars, and IEEE and CSE are examples of citation styles used in STEM. While stylistically different, citation styles all contain two major elements, in-text citation, where you add your evidence or support, and your references or bibliography section, where you provide additional details that help your reader verify and locate your sources. This includes crucial publication information such as author, publication date, and publisher. Each citation style has its own published guide outlining how to format your citations. There are also tons of useful citation guides available online, such as York's Spark Guide or the Owlip Purdue. If you have any questions about citation, don't hesitate to get in touch with the friendly librarians at York. You might also wish to book an appointment with our Learning Commons partners at the Writing Center for more advice on how to incorporate evidence into your writing using citation. Thank you for watching, and happy citing!


Hello, everyone. Welcome to another IR capsule for the Shankar IAS Academy. Last week, we spoke about the Raisina dialogue in Delhi, which was participated by about 99 countries, senior officials, ministers, etc. And I said that this was an inopportune time for a dialogue like that because quite unnecessarily the focus was on India's position on the Russia-Ukraine war. European leaders, one after the other, questioned India as to why India was on the side of autocrats and not of democrats. And so the two days of conversations, much of the time was taken by the Minister of External Affairs defending as it were India's position in a kind of combative manner. He told them back that India is an independent country and we do not want any kind of advice beyond what is necessary. Even in the United Nations, Ambassador Thiti Murthy said, don't tell us what we should do, we know what we should be doing in international affairs. So it was some kind of a kid for cat dialogue. And that didn't seem to go very well with India's very good relations with Europe. So but within a few days after that, President Prime Minister Narendra Modi himself went to several European countries, because he went to three places, but in Germany, he had a meeting with the new chancellor. Then he went to Copenhagen, Denmark, where the Nordic states, six of them met, there was a Nordic summit and upwards on his way back, he also met President Macron of France, who has recently been re-elected. This may have been a coincidence, maybe these meetings were fixed long ago, I don't know, particularly the summit, it could not have been called in a few days. But maybe he combined it with Germany and France to give a better perspective on what is happening in Europe. The one change that has taken place in Europe after President Putin invaded Ukraine was that there is a greater unity between the NATO countries and generally Europe with the United States. Because during the President Trump's days, he distanced himself further and further away from his allies. He felt that the United States was spending so much money on NATO and he told them that they should spend their own money to strengthen their defenses and the United States cannot keep on paying for it. And the Europeans resented it and there was a certain amount of defense opinion come between President Trump and NATO as a whole. And that had created some misunderstanding and the European Union leaders were saying that now we have to stand on our own, we cannot depend on the United States etc. This was the state of affairs when President Trump lost the election and left the scene. President Biden immediately tried to rebuild this relationship. He went to Europe, talked to various people and generally gave the impression that the United States depends on the European Union and NATO as their most important allies. Of course they were their most important allies all through. But the disturbances, the things that started during the President Trump's time, they had the impression that they had to work on their own. Which of course gave us an opportunity of dealing with these countries independent of the United States. We were working with Germany, Europe and France, Europe and UK and there wasn't much of a coordination between them and the United States with regard to India. But after the war started, NATO, the European Union, all of them have come much closer to the United States and the United States welcomed it and started supporting them and also giving them arms and ammunition as necessary and also started siding the Ukrainian government against Moscow. And so this new unity between the Europeans and the Americans has created a slight problem for us because the Americans and the Europeans started saying the same things. They have the same kind of opinion that Putin is a dangerous dictator. He must be defeated and even the soft-spoken Europeans like the Scandinavians or the Nordics etc. all united against Putin and that unity was demonstrated in the number of sanctions. All the sanctions are bound into 100 sanctions and all these countries, about 41 countries in the world have got together and imposed very strict sanctions against Putin and consequently there is a problem everywhere, not really in Europe but also in Asia, Africa everywhere, there is a crunch, there is an energy crunch taking place, people are trying to find ways of escaping it. There is a food security problem and there is a security problem itself and there is a nuclear threat. So all these new elements have come up after February as a result of this and nobody knows where this war is going and the Europeans and the Americans have said we will not fight any war, you will meet this crisis by sanctions and so it is a sensitive situation and what they cannot understand, what America cannot understand and what the other European Union countries also do not understand is why India is not on the side of democracies. These are all democracies and there is a movement towards unity of democracies etc. And in this situation, how come India is with Russia, of course we are not with Russia, we are very clear, we have criticized what Russia has done and but what we did not do is to join the, of course voting, abstaining on the resolutions is one thing. Then not joining the sanctions because these sanctions are not given sanctions, so it is not compulsory. It is advisory that they have given a big country to boycott Russia, but we could not boycott Russia because of our good relations with Russia, one. And secondly we felt that we must somehow contribute to the resolution of the problems of energy of food etc. We are trying to be helpful and this has been seen by the Americans as well as the Europeans as some kind of a problem in their relationship with India. So all of them came to India basically to find out why India is taking this position and also to persuade us to change our position. All of them mentioned their strong ties with India, the beneficiary cooperation that we have these countries and therefore on the whole, the dialogue left a kind of as they say a bad taste in the mouth as well as India. And this is why this visit was very important. Of course, I am sure Mr. Modi when he went to this visit meet these leaders.  But it has been mentioned in all the joint communications that were mentioned together with various other things. But the focus Mr. Modi ensured is on a long term cooperation with Europe and USA not to link it with the present problem. It is a problem just to be solved and everyone wants it to be solved and India is taking the position that we have taken the best way to solve it that is reconciliation, diplomacy, ceasefire, coming to an agreement and not war or sanctions. So but when they say no war or sanctions against Russia and impression is created that we are trying to be on the side of Russia which for Americans and the Europeans wrong side of history as a part because India is a democracy how can it be on the side of Russia. But we must remember that we had good relations with Russia even in the Cold War and nobody complained because there was some mutuality mutuality of interest between India and Russia and Russia was the only country was willing to buy Indian consumer goods and in exchange we were able to get heavy machinery industry. So that's how it started. There's not an ideological linkage at all, not a linkage of mutuality and there was a greater mutuality between India and the Soviet Union than with the United States that was the reason and therefore we were able to manage to do many things in India thanks to the United States without having to go through the Americans or using the US dollars. So there was a rupee arrangement, rupee ruble arrangement even at that time. So in two cases we decided to bring back those arrangements. One was to buy Russian oil we also used to buy earlier but Russian oil was available at a cheaper price after the war and then we decided to buy some a few tons of oil at a cheaper price and also we started talking about a rupee ruble arrangement so that whatever train which takes place with Russia is calculated on a differential basis something like a mortar arrangement. So these two things they found them quite effective that India is not going to be but in Delhi we made it very clear we are not going to change this policy but we look forward to better relations with Europe in the long term and so that is what he did in each of these countries in Germany for example. So the questioning on Ukraine must have continued and the Prime Minister must have said some things but what we did was to say that once the war is solved or the war solution is a different matter and for that effort is being made by everybody else but we would like to look beyond it rather than look at the war so but this approach by India that we should look beyond the war and not to solve the war was considered unethical or unacceptable to them. So somewhere he talked to them or immediate concern, immediate consequence of the war was increased cooperation as I mentioned so in Germany for example he was going there fifth time and shows how deep our good relations with Germany is and he has gone there for the first time after the new chancellor was elected so this was a good opportunity for him to meet the new chancellor and also to talk about the various linkages between India and Germany. Most important being economic, not only economic climate change because the Europeans had a softer attitude to climate change than the Americans all through they have supported several initiatives so we have very strong ties with them and on climate change we also have this international solar alliance for which we are very supportive from France and we have had a, sorry, from Germany and Germany also has had, Germany is one of the biggest trading partners so we started discussing these what are the things that we can do between Germany and India rather than talking about the war we should talk about what the multifaceted relation between India and Europe was and that was much more fundamental to the situation and all the future rather than looking at one single issue. Ukraine is only a single issue, it's geopolitical but at the same time that should not cloud our relationship with Germany because that is much more important. So the fundamental and a solitary issue of geopolitical dynamics and so we started the for example we're having five times India, Germany, intergovernmental consultations are taking place and they'll help India to give critical importance to long-standing commercial ties so this meeting took place and strategic partnership was emphasized trade technology cooperation climate change or of a continuing nature while the war was a temporary phenomenon and so the bilateral discussions on partnerships between the two countries went very well because the Germans also realized that it was important for them to continue this partnership because it is beneficial to both countries and they are a big training partner for us beneficial to them in that way and therefore we talked about Indo-Pacific where they have an interest because they are not part of the quad but Indo-Pacific they have been trying to basically because of their problems with China they have been working with us then strategic partnership including post-COVID recovery that is a major challenge at this time then there is an Indian diaspora also in Germany not very big and they assemble and Prime Minister Modi addressed them and he challenged them to come to India's help some tourists here and generally be supportive and they all promised and the indication given that Germany would invite India because Germany is going to chair the G7 meeting you know G7 are the richest industrialized countries in the world and there have been a very powerful force in the world of course after COVID they haven't had any exchanges it may be informal but there was no formal meeting and now they are having a meeting of G7 and we are not members of G7 but the host can invite us and therefore Germany has given an indication though earlier there was some indication that because of our Ukraine position we may not be invited to G7 but now they have agreed that they will invite us and the expectation is that the focus will be not on Ukraine alone and there will be other things to be discussed and India can make a contribution. As far as the India Nordic summit is concerned these are the most some of the most prosperous and peaceful nations in the world Denmark Finland Iceland Norway and Sweden so these countries are called Nordic countries and they have had very good relationship with us they are particularly interested in economic assistance to both the countries and there are lots of programs in India about the alleviation and developing projects and this has been going on they have not been very active in politics but the Ukraine war has brought war to their doorstep and so they have concerns and so they also welcomed a meeting with Prime Minister Modi and they said that discussed several things they are actually anxious to know what the power equations of the world would be because that is the big question mark what will happen to Putin and what will happen to Russia once the war is over but two views one it may be that the situation will become so bad that a world war might start and the other is that probably this will end soon and present constellation of countries may remain but if the war happens or a big change in alliances and so on there will be a good problem so they would like to know and they must have picked Mr Modi's brains as to what he thought the future would be so in the new world order what India would be able to do they were anxious to know and the discussions were quite good because even though they may have had concerns about India's position on Ukraine they did not press that beyond the point they concentrated on the operation between India and the Nordic countries rather than the war but they also were concerned about the fact that India was not cooperating in the sanctions because sanctions was the only thing that they are doing against Russia it is in their interest to see that sanctions continue and they are enforced so they must have tried as to focus on these things also when it comes up and much of the conversation on the subject may have been left to the US so they may not be actively campaigning for all this because of the new understanding between US and Europe many much of the conversation may take place from the US India so we do not know what the next meeting will be we have had a virtual summit between Prime Minister and President Biden so these issues we discussed at the Americans level and the other countries can work out their own relationship so in the reports from Germany indicated that they are really expecting a change in their attitude so but Mr. Modi in all these meetings stressed that the multifaceted relationship between India and Europe was much more fundamental that is the point that he made and commercial ties and strategic partnership etc so as I said imitation to G7 is a plus point and everything else business as usual that is the effort that he made and he must have made some impact so that was about Germany and then Modi countries he asked Mr. Modi asked Modi companies to invest in the blue economy you know what the blue economy is relating to the ocean that is Sagar Malak because all these countries or small countries with huge oceans around it and they are very good in maritime security and maritime development and so he suggested that they should come and then the Arctic region like the Antarctic region is an Arctic region which is now a kind of a shall we say inheritance of humanity which is left without any particular ownership of any particular country but there is an Arctic agreement under which all of us are able to and allowed to go and do research so India has already got an Arctic policy and the Prime Minister maintained that this Arctic policy was very much in keeping with the policy of the Nordic countries so that was identified as another new area of cooperation between India and the Nordic countries and then came France. France also was very important as I said Mr. Macron has just won an election which is a tough election he was he had to go to a second run and finally he won with a narrow majority and the right extremist groups are becoming stronger and stronger in France and so we do not know how long Mr. Macron will continue as President he has to sort out several things it's not going to be easy but luckily he has won the election and he is very friendly to India and so Mr. Modi thought that he must connect with him so that you know the business as usual we also have nuclear power operation France in fact France had agreed to set up some nuclear power stations in India after the nuclear deal but then because of the liability law he was not able to do so and also there was some criticism that these French nuclear stations were not very efficient and it's not being proved although 80% of their power, electric power is produced from nuclear reactors but in India there was some criticism that these are not proved but anyway it's going to come about the Americans wanted to give us six reactors that has not come about so eventually what we have the only foreign reactors we have are in Kudankuram which was set up by the Russians at the time of the Soviet Union goes back to Gorbachev and Rajiv Gandhi days and is still working some hitches here and there but it produces a certain amount of nuclear power which is very useful so the effort this was a kind of I call it a fence mending visit you know you have to mend your fences with your friends when you have any problem between us so there is a period when Mr Modi and the Indian leadership is engaged in mending the fence between India and Europe and that was his objective and also to accelerate the process of power operation in spite of whatever positions we have been taking on the so his trust again and again the importance of our being together even after the war and also how to cooperate in order to improve the situation and also to keep an eye on the international relations which way it is done so I'm sure President Macron must have been very anxious to hear what Mr Modi has to say about the situation and then the friends also they have a new number of new proposals in order for India and France to enhance its operation so by doing this in these three capitals dealing with several European countries he may have in a way succeeded in creating an impression of positive relationship and having explained why we did why we are trying to build a ruble arrangement and how these things are already old arrangements etc I think he has given them some hope that there will be mutuality and also mutual interest and there will be a business as usual if not better than as a result of his visit but some reports coming in today I don't know some of you may have read an article in the Hindu by a friend of mine Chanti Maria D'Souza she's a strategist thinker she's actually a specialist on Afghanistan but she's also working for some institutions in Germany and she happened to be in Germany during this period after her conversations with several Germans she wrote an article today in the Hindu saying that yes the visit was fine as far as it went but there is a certain amount of dissonance of the word she used certain dissonance that is lack of what shall we say harmony because when you have harmony you don't have dissonance you say when you play music music is okay but sometimes one instrument goes away from there or goes wrong or one musician goes to sleep or whatever happens then there will be a certain dissonance coming in and it just to be rectified then only the music can go on so in her view there is a certain dissonance because of India's positional effect at the same time people do realize in Germany that India and Germany have many things to do in common together in a new situation of India sorry US and China Cold War or US China Russia Cold War all these situations we have to be prepared for so Germany like France is anxious was anxious to do all this but in her opinion it will help matters if India shifted its position a little bit and that may take time and therefore what she's saying is that though and I can believe this they may not contest anything that we tell them and we may have they have gone along with all the projects that we had proposed earlier there must be some dissonance somewhere that we are not fully with them and that remains even after the visit and it'll take a little time for it to subside so new alliances are coming up Russia China alliance you know so there are several situations and depending on the end of the war there will be no new constellations new arrangements and India and Europe should stand together when only we can benefit from whatever new world geopolitical world that we see so on the one hand we have a little apprehension about India particularly about the conflict between authoritarianism and democracy we don't see it that way but they do see it that way we deal with Russia because it is authoritarian we are not interested in their internal politics but now there is a challenge to all that and so our best bet is to post at the war if we can and then people think that India is in a good position to mediate or help but India is not in a mood to do that because we are generally against mediation and arbitration etc we should be diplomacy and I know that's our position so we have been encouraging that but many people think that now that India is neutral maybe India is a country which can propose something but what can we propose we already proposed the ceasefire we have already proposed the humanitarian assistance we have already proposed stopping off refugees flows from Ukraine all this we have talked about but to give them a formula what can how can we give them a formula about nature how can you give them a formula about Russia wanting to get back the glory of the Soviet Union so these are things which we cannot and therefore that is not likely but there is expectation that India might be able to do something and if you are able to do something will be even better otherwise we have to wait out the war and see the situation is and then jump in and then all this you can see China is lurking and they are not taking a very active position on this but we know very clearly that they are on the side of Russia and also their ideas about what to do with Taiwan and if Ukraine was just an experiment as to how to deal with Taiwan because they have agreed to help each other just as China will help Russia to deal with Ukraine while Russia will help China to deal with Taiwan that's a much much bigger issue and that's another time when we may have to make up our mind as to where we understand so as far as the visit is concerned my assessment is that was very helpful it may get our relationship back with the European Union but behind it all is they are concerned about India's supporting and authoritarian regime they don't see India or Russia relations as an innocent you know political economic relationship but something which has resulted in some kind of dissatisfaction for them because they are not able to impose sanctions effectively but time heals and time heals as countries develop and develop mutual interests and that is what we have and that is what Prime Minister Modi stressed during his visit anyway I hope things are clear you understood the trust of what I said and this is very important from your examination perspective because any of these things can come up and so please keep reading newspapers and following these developments till the very first day of your examination or your clear examinations so nothing is unimportant particularly for those who are taking the glimpse because anything and everything in words like no big summit various cooperation projects and all that and come in because we don't know so it's important for you to follow these developments thank you