Yn ystrynu'r fideo, ydych chi'n gweithio a modifio'r stensol yw'r cwestiynau. Yn ystrynu'r stensol yw'r cwestiynau, ydych chi'n gweithio'r bwysig diagraffau o fysio. Yn ystrynu'r bwysig diagraffau, ydych chi'n gweithio'r bwysig diagraffau. Yn ystrynu'r hynny ymatech. Yn ystrynu'r hynny. Rwy'n sefyd. Yn ystrynu'r hynny, sefhad i'r rhaid i'r ystrynu ystrynu. Yn diwethaf i'r ddweud o ddiwrnogi, gud eisiau fan hynny. Yn ddod i'r hynny, codi'r cyfnodau mesur amlaen. Fe yna'r amser. Rwy'n fawr wedi bod ganddi'r hynny'r codi at pinalydd ystrynu. Yn ystrynu'r hynny ystrynu'r diagraffau? credigwm, ddigon strange. Yn y credigwm ym groes ynghylch, ydw i'r credigwm maes ydw i gael datblygu, gael pob, ddigon newydd, mae'n ddigon newydd a ddigon newydd i'n gwneud, mae'r ddigon newydd i'r gwneud, mae'n ddigon newydd agon newydd i'u gwneud. Maen nhw'n gwneud, maen nhw'n gwneud hwn o'r cyfroedd, symwys called edit. I can right click on the new diagram shape now, right click, rename the master. Now, if I right click in line with the business operation diagram stencil name, you can see edit stencils. So if I turn this off, now try and edit the master. I can't because it's off. So to make changes to the stencil, the edit's got to be on. It's going to turn the edit back on. Now I'm going to rename it, and I'll call it mind mapping diagram. I just leave it with the name mind mapping, and I call it process. I'm going to save it now. So everything you see to save, you will save the stencil. And I'm going to check it's working. So check the diagram can be used on a different page. I'll do a plus to go to an insert page, and I'll just insert it. And there we go. We can see it, it works effectively. And there's the diagram. It's now copied from the stencil onto a new page. I'm going to delete the diagram now that I've just inserted or dragged onto the page, because I'm now going to update the diagram for a version control. So the version control all I'm going to do is copy it and paste it again, and I'll just call it version two then. Paste, and I'll just call it v2. So version two. Now the version two, I want to update to make some version change. So I'm going to right click on the version two, edit master, edit master shape. Now it might look like we're in Vizio right now, but we're not. We're in the stencil because it says your stencil right now. And it tells you where you are, mind mapping process v2 version two, but it tells you in the stencil. So I'm actually making changes inside of the stencil. So in this example, I'm just going to change the colour of these lines and make the thickness a little bigger. And then I'll do a couple of changes. So I'm going to say that's the new line I want. And now I'm going to use the format painter and copy all the rest of the wavy lines. So I'm updating all of them now to wavy to a different way of working. And there we go. So there's the change in this example. I'm going to take the format painter off. Now I'm going to close the stencil down and save it. That's the x at the bottom here. So this will now close the window for the stencil. And you've got to offer the option yes to update while we want to save it. So yes we are going to update it. And again we're going to save. So I'll just save the stencil. And now we can see the colours have now changed to a red colour. They were blue over here. They're now red. We're going to test it by pulling the new v2 onto the diagram page. And there's the new change. So you can add diagrams to a stencil. You can create your own stencils. You can do version control in it. You can update the version controls. But this now completes the training video on creating a new diagram stencil, adding diagrams to stencils by copying and pasting them. And then also creating a version control in this example. So this now completes custom stencils in Visio for business diagram purposes. If you enjoyed this video make sure you like and subscribe to our channel. Hope to see you for the next tutorial and thanks for watching.


last class we were exploring the notion of directivity of different sound sources or different combinations of simple sound sources. And till so far what we have covered is how two sources interact with each other and the consequential directivity patterns which are which emerge because of the interaction of these two sound sources. As a follow up to that understanding we want to explore how more than two sound sources interact with each other and what kind of directivity patterns emerge when more than two sound sources interact with each other. In context of that we had developed the relation for directivity associated with two sound sources and one relation which we had developed was this. So, if there are two sound sources S 1 and S 2 and they are separated by distance D and the volume velocity of first sound source is V 1, volume velocity of second sound source is V 2 and the phase difference of two sound sources is suppose 0. Then for that kind of a situation we had found that the pressure at a point which is far away the pressure at a point which is far away and which is r distance away from the midpoint of these two sound sources. The expression for that pressure complex pressure can be written as 2 V V over 4 pi r j omega rho naught E j omega t minus r over c times cosine of pi d over lambda times sin theta and minus phi by 2. But, where this is phi is the phase difference between the volume velocity of these two sound sources, but because we have assumed that this phi is 0. So, I am going to drop this out and close the bracket. So, this is one relation which we had developed and this relation has been developed several lectures back in time. In last lecture we developed an equivalent relation and the relation for that is some term which is dependent on radius and omega and time times sin of 2 alpha divided by sin of alpha, where alpha equals pi d over lambda times sin of theta. So, this is another expression for the same pressure. Both these expressions give us same exactly the same answer, but they are in different forms. But, the reason we have developed the second form is because we will see later that the second form becomes helpful. The approach to you are developing the second form becomes helpful when we have a very large number of sources and especially if the number of sources becomes infinite. In this, in both these terms there is a term which depends on the angle and this term is highlighted in red and there is another term which depends on radius, volume velocity of source, omega density of air and time and I am going to highlight that term in per circle that term in purple. So, the term which has been circled by purple color that depends on radius, omega, time, density and volume velocity. While the term which is in red it depends on theta, lambda and the distance between two sound sources. So, our focus as we talk more about this will be on the term which has been circled in red because we are trying to understand the polar pattern or the directivity pattern of a combination of several sound sources. Now, these two expressions are for two sound sources which are simple in nature. So, these are simple sound sources and also the assumption has been that the radius or the point of observation is very far compared to the distance between these two sound sources S 1 and S 2. Now, we will go to the next step and we will develop a similar relation when we have four sound sources. So, suppose I have four sound sources and these are S 1, S 2, S 3 and S 4 and the distance between these sources is D, D and D. So, using a similar approach as I did earlier I am going to construct a midline and then there is a midpoint and from this midpoint and then my point of observation which is far away from this sound source is this and I am interested in finding again P R theta and T. So, as I did earlier in case of two sound sources I am going to construct lines which connect these two sources from S 1 to P, S 2 to P, S 3 to P and S 4 to P and I call these lines or vectors as R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4. Just as I did earlier I am going to drop a normal from each of these sources and what I can say is and suppose my midline the midpoint when I connect to the point of observation is and that is distance R away then I can develop relations between R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 with respect to R.  So, I am sorry this theta is this angle theta is this angle R 3 equals R plus d over 2 sin theta and R 4 equals R plus 3 d over 2 times sin of theta. We again assume that the volume velocity of all these sound sources is same. So, V V 1 magnitude equals V V 2 equals V V 3 equals V V 4 and we also further assume that the phase angle between each of these volume velocity sources is exactly 0. So, the phase is 0. So, with these assumptions I can develop an expression for pressure at point P and that depends on radius theta and T and that equals V V over 4 pi r j omega rho naught and then because I have four sources I have to add contribution of each source. So, the contribution of first source is E j omega T minus R 1 over C contribution of second source is E j omega T minus R 2 over C plus E j omega T minus R 3 over C plus E j omega T minus R 4 over C. So, there are four sources and these are the contributions of each of these sources individually. Now, I can plug in these relations for R 1 and R 2, R 3 and R 4 in this equation and because of that what I get is pressure equals V V over 4 pi r j omega rho naught and I can take E j omega T out.  Now, at this stage I put alpha equals pi d sin theta over lambda and I also put omega equals 2 pi f. So, once I do that what I get is P which is the function of R theta and T equals V V over 4 pi r j omega rho naught E j omega T and in the parenthesis I get E j 3 alpha plus E j alpha plus E j minus alpha plus E minus j times 3 alpha where alpha equals pi d over sin theta pi d sin theta divided by lambda. I call this term. So, once again this term it does not depend on theta. So, I call it A and essentially what I get is this expression E j 3 alpha plus E j 3 alpha minus plus E j alpha plus E minus j alpha and then I can subtract and divide this entire expression by a common term and this common term is same as that which I used in the expression when I was deriving the expression for the case when we had two sources. So, I can subtract multiply and divided by E j alpha minus E minus j alpha divided by E j alpha minus E minus j alpha. Now, if I do the mathematics what I get is outside of parenthesis I have A and then I multiply E j 3 alpha with E j alpha to get E j 4 alpha I multiply E j minus 3 alpha times minus E minus j alpha. So, I get E minus j 4 alpha. So, that is one set of terms then I multiply E j 3 alpha with E minus j alpha to get minus E j 2 alpha and then I multiply E j E times E exponent of minus j 3 alpha with exponent of j alpha to get E minus j 2 alpha and then I multiply this term and the multiplicative term to get E j 2 alpha minus E minus j 2 alpha all other terms we will find we find the cancel out. So, this term and in the numerator I still get E j alpha minus minus j alpha. So, in the numerator this term and this term they cancel out. So, my expression for P which depends on R theta and T that comes down to A times E j 4 alpha minus E minus j 4 alpha divided by E j alpha minus E minus j alpha and this becomes A and in the numerator I get 2 j sin 4 alpha in the denominator I get 2 j sin alpha. So, 2 j and 2 j they cancel out and essentially I am left with A times sin 4 alpha divided by sin alpha. So, this is for the case when I have 4 simple sources which are evenly spaced they lie in a particular straight line and these 4 sources have same volume velocity and the phase difference between the volume velocities of each of these sources is 0. So, to compare this with earlier case when we had 2 sources let us see the theta dependent term was essentially a ratio of sin 2 alpha divided by sin alpha when we had 2 sources the theta dependent term when we have 4 sources is the ratio of sin 4 alpha divided by sin alpha. So, expectedly we should get when we have 6 sources we should get something like sin 6 alpha divided by sin alpha. So, let us explore that. So, now we will do case for 6 simple sources simple sources. So, we have source 1, source 2, source 3, source 4, source 5 and source 6 this is my midpoint the distance between each of these sources adjacent sources is again d I have a far flung point such that the distance between the midpoint and this far off point is r such that r is very large compared to d and then now with this understanding I develop vectors from each of these source points and let us say these vectors are r 1, r 2, r 3, r 4 excuse me this is not r 4. So, that is r 3 the midpoint is r distance away. So, midpoint is r and then I have 4th source. So, this is r that is r 4, r 5, r 6 and these are 6 sources s 1, s 2, s 3, s 4, s 5, s 6. So, if we use the same logic and if this angle is theta azimuthal angle is theta then P of r theta t equals using the same logic we can say we can write that this is equal to some variable which does not depend on theta but it only depends on omega r and rho.  I can rewrite this expression as P which depends on r theta and t equals a times. So, now I am going to organize these terms according to their powers. So, e to the power of j times 5 alpha plus e to the power of minus j times 5 alpha. So, that is 1 plus e to the power of j times 3 alpha minus e to the power of j times 3 alpha. There should be a plus sign here plus e to the power of j alpha plus e to the power of minus j alpha that is again and then I am going to multiply and divide it by the same term as I did in earlier expressions and this term is e to the power of j alpha minus e to the power of minus j alpha. So, I am going to multiply it and divide it by the same term and now when I do mathematical operations on this long equation what I get is P r theta t equals a times e to the power of 6 j alpha minus e to the power of minus 6 j alpha and all other terms cancel out and then in the denominator I have e to the power of j alpha minus e to the power of minus j alpha and this can be written as a times 2 j sin 6 alpha and in the denominator it is 2 j times sin alpha which equals a to the power of sin 6 alpha divided by sin alpha. So, this is the equation for pressure when I have 6 sources in a straight line. So, let us tabulate some of our results. So, when I had 2 sources then I had 4 sources and then I had 6 sources we have done 6 cases. In case of 2 sources the overall pressure was expression for pressure overall expression for pressure was a times sin 2 alpha divided by sin alpha. When I had 4 sources the expression for pressure was a times sin 4 alpha divided by sin alpha and when I had 6 sources it was a times sin 6 alpha divided by sin alpha. So, by process of inductive reasoning we can actually mathematically prove that if there are n sources in a in a in an actual case then if there are n sources then for n sources I can actually extend this and I can have a very generic relation my relation for pressure is going to be p r theta t equals a sin n alpha divided by sin alpha. So, this is the relation when I have n sources all in a straight line all separated by equal distance which is d and all sources are working in such a way that the phase difference between all of them is exactly 0 and their volume velocities are identical. In such a case the overall pressure at a far at point which is far away from the this array of sources is a times sin of n alpha divided by sin of alpha. Now, let us look at the case when we have infinite number of such sources. So, we can consider an array and the overall width of this array is b and let us say it has n sources and if these are n sources then the distance and if all these sources are equally spaced then the distance and if the distance between two adjacent sources is d. So, in this case if n is very large then the relationship between b and d is nothing but b equals n minus 1 times d. Now, if n is very large then b equals n times d for large value of n if n is extremely large then b equals n times d. So, in such a case we can write that pressure equals a times sin n alpha divided by sin alpha. This is the relation which we had developed earlier and now I am going to write the expression for alpha. So, that is a times sin of n pi d over lambda times sin theta divided by sin pi d over lambda times sin theta. Now, we know that n d approximates b especially if n is very large.  So, I get b pi over lambda times sin theta divided by sin pi d over lambda times sin of theta. This I can further rewrite this as excuse me there is no sin of pi d over lambda times sin of theta.  So, in that case again when n is very large then this term is very small and if that is the case then sin of this extremely small term is essentially same as the small term itself. So, I can again further simplify this relation as sin b pi over lambda times sin theta divided by pi d over lambda times sin theta moving on. So, I will just rewrite this equation p of r theta t is equal to a sin a times sin b pi over lambda times sin theta in the numerator and in the denominator I have pi d over lambda sin of times sin of theta. Now, I can multiply this and divide this by n and what I get is a n times sin b pi over lambda times sin theta divided by. So, n this n comes in the numerator and in the denominator I am left with pi d n divided by lambda times sin of theta. So, this is equal to a times n times sin b pi over lambda times sin of theta divided by pi and we know that d n equals or approximately equals b when n is large. So, this is essentially pi b over lambda times sin of theta. So, this is the expression for the pressure field at a point which is very far away from an array of sound sources which are all lying in a straight line and separated by very small distance and such that the overall length of the array is b then the expression for p is this thing. Now, a times n does not change with respect to theta and that essentially defines that the overall maximum possible pressure in the field will be determined by this term. So, I can rewrite this equation as that p r theta t equals some constant or some radius dependent number p naught times sin b pi over lambda times sin of theta divided by pi b over lambda times sin of theta. So, this is my expression and here I have assumed that r is extremely large compared to b. So, this is my expression.  So, it depends on the size of the array depends on angular frequency time and radius how far are we away, how far away we are from the array it depends on this. So, if I have to know what is the overall polar pattern or the direction, directivity diagram of the array then I have to essentially rely on this term which has been circled in real color and if I am able to plot it that will give me a very good idea of the directivity of the overall array. So, what we will do is that now that we have developed this expression for n sources all lined up in a straight line, we will look at the directivity patterns of such sources and compare them with some of the sources which we had studied earlier. So, that is what we are going to look at. So, this first slide is for is relates to the directivity pattern for two sources, both sources acting in phase, both sources having same volume velocity and these two sources are separated by a distance d which equals the wavelength lambda. So, what we see here is that we have a principal lobe and we have a principal lobe and we have maximization of pressure at theta equals 0 degrees and at theta equals 90 degrees and the width of the lobe in 0 degrees is very sharp, the width of the lobe at 90 degree direction is fairly wide. Now, let us look at the directivity pattern of a source where d equals where we where of a source or a set of sources where we have a very large number of transducers emitting sound excuse me the overall length of this array is b and that b equals lambda just as here b equals lambda in this case the width of the overall array is b and that equals lambda and the number of such sources is extremely large theoretically infinite and we have developed the directivity pattern for this using the relation which we just developed. So, this is how it looks like. So, what you have here is there are two curves the curve in blue represents the case when we have just two sources these two sources are off by a distance lambda the curve in red represents a very large number of sources theoretically infinite and the overall width of the array is lambda and we observe some several interesting points. One is that the red curve has only two lobes and both these two lobes are in the principal direction while the curve in blue has four lobes two in principal direction two in 90 degree direction or off axis direction. So, because of this distributed array when and because of the presence of a very large number of sources what we find is that the intensity of sound which is being propagated in 90 degree direction and also in minus 2 and also in 270 degree direction it has gone down to virtually zero as deflected by the red curve and this is what is known as side lobe suppression. So, now let us look at another curve and this is the curve this is the directivity pattern for two sources emitting sound both sources in phase same volume velocity for each source and the distance between these two sources is 1.5 times lambda or 3 lambda divided by 2 and what we find is that we have six overall lobes there is a lot of sound getting emitted in 0 degree direction and also in 180 degree direction, but there is also sound getting emitted in 45 degree, 135 degree and so on and so forth. Now, let us compare this pattern with the case when we replace these two sources by distributed source whose overall width is 3 lambda over 2. So, let us look at the comparison of this particular directivity pattern with a pattern which is once again 1.5 times wavelength and let us see how that compares. So, again that is the that is shown in this slide. So, what you see in this slide is basically two curves the first curve is in blue color or light blue color and this corresponds to emission of a directivity pattern associated with two sources separated by a distance 1.5 lambda and both sources are in phase and say same volume velocity. The curve in red the directivity pattern depicted in red corresponds to a distributed source where the number of sources is extremely large theoretically infinite. The overall length of the array is 1.5 times lambda same as the overall length of earlier array, but what you find here is that instead of six lobes as we saw when we had just two sources we have only four lobes here. And the second important thing to note is that the overall intensity of sound which is being emitted in 90 degree direction is extremely small compared to the overall intensity of sound when we had only two sources. So, from when we had only two sources. So, once again we find that once we have if we have the larger if we have a very large number of sources in all standing all arranged in a straight line. And if they are all in a phase then side lobes tend to get suppressed and the on axis sound propagation does not get affected it does not get affected. Now, we will close this lecture, but before we will close we will just do a very quick calculation of what is the extent of this noise suppression. So, to do that let us just observe on this curve that the blue curve and 45 degree direction something has an overall pressure level of something like 0.7 while the red curve in the off axis pressure is something like 0.2. So, while in the 0 degree direction the overall pressure for blue curve as well as for red curve is identical and it stands at 1. So, we will based on this we will do some quick calculation and let us see what is the amount of attenuation we get in off axis direction because of this effect. So, our aim is to find extent of side lobes suppression when d equals 3 lambda over 2 and phase equals 0 and volume velocities are identical. So, in 0 degree direction pressure magnitude is equal to 1 we have normalized it and we call it 1 in off axis direction when we have 2 lobes when we have 2 sources only then pressure equals 0.7 and if I have to calculate it in decibels then it is d B off axis equals 20 log of 10 0.7 divided by reference pressure which is 1 and that works out to be minus 3.1 decibels. Next we look at the off axis SPL when we have this whole array and because of this we have a very large number of sources. So, in off axis direction that is when we have n sources and n is large and that equals pressure we saw we measured it was something like 0 point approximately 0.2. So, in decibels off axis that is equal to 20 log of 10 0.7. So, 2 over 1 and that works out to be minus 14 d B. So, side lobes suppression that works out to be minus 14 plus 3.1 is equal to something like 10.9 decibels. So, just by virtue of having a distributed source which implies that we have n sources very large number sources over a distance of 1.5 lambda my side lobes suppression went down to was as high as 10.9 decibels and what essentially this tells me is that I can use this kind of an approach to develop acoustic transducer arrays which can throw sound in a particular direction and this sound moves like a beam moves like a beam because the amount of sound which gets radiated in off axis direction is very little. So, with this we close today's lecture and we will further continue our discussion and directivity in the next class. Thank you very much.


Good morning cyber traders Happy Wednesday everybody on this lovely last day of the pay pair last day of a month on this July 31st Good to see you Phil. Good to see you Chuck KC. Good to see you Jean Benito John Ken All right all those cyber traders. So hopefully everyone hope everyone enjoyed yesterday's event With Tom Sosnoff on our closing bell. It's just a great just so nice to have them up here I hope everyone had the opportunity to be here and listen to it If you didn't get a chance to listen to it It was recorded, but let me tell you I was so impressed what he talked about Did you guys hear that they're giving you guys? $5,000 to actually trade for two days real money with no strings attached I thought that was unbelievable as that is a great great Opportunity, but listen, I know a lot of you here like to trade options and stuff like that Listen at the end of the day if you are going to be doing any type of an options trade, you know I always like to tell you that there are different brokerage firms that are better than other brokerage firms when it comes to using certain platforms depending on your trading and You got to go out there and try just make sure you use our promotion code On our website because you do get some extra benefits from that. So but just make sure you slap that in there Love it, but beyond my ability John saying listen You know the thing is you hear about it you want to learn a little bit about it and you want to know what it's all about I always tell everybody, you know if you really want to know how to trade options just just buy an option buy one contract and see what happens and then You know you hear all these things and and so on but sometimes it is important to learn You need to learn options because sometimes in case of emergency You might need to leverage yourself Gough of it for what I call what options are great for is an insurance policy now Listen, you can look up here in upcoming events. We got a lot of stuff. That's coming up first of all Thursday, which is tomorrow. We got the cyber expo. So we got all these presenters that are coming up I hope everyone had the opportunity to register for it. It's one of our biggest events that we do of the year Also a new big announcement. That's coming up. I will be at in Las Vegas It's just been announced. I want to just let everybody know October 11 to the 13th I found this really great company called trade for a cause and It's pretty cool But I don't want to spend too much time on it We'll talk a little bit more as we go on in the classes, but that trade for a cause is coming out with a We'll do a webinar on it But they do a lot of big charity work for traders, you know traders, you know listen they're there They're there there are Charities for lawyers, right?  Well trade for a cause is a great new charity company and I'm actually you know one of the speakers there, so Where's the charity? You know what I mean by that Ken, but anyway, it's a great event And I'll talk a little bit more about I'm gonna do a webinar on it But just kind of make that big announcement that is going on now. Let's get back into having some fun Let's go to have some trading. Okay, cuz before we do that, we'll just talk really quick about that ENPH I know you guys killed it already in pre-market stock had great great earnings announcements after hours didn't just pop that in Nowhere stock has been so damn strong in the beginning of the year What a great swing trade and it went from six you can see it's at already 26 Stock has just been on fire and it did a really nice pop in pre-market So hopefully you guys did pretty well on it That's gonna stick on my on my watch list But before we do that, I want to talk about some of the stocks that we traded yesterday first to start off with you a Under Armour So under Armour took a very big hit made a little bit of a comeback yesterday So you could see under Armour, you know kind of like little got crushed It was a great great short But we know this is not a pharmaceutical stocks and about pharmaceutical stocks They come back one big thing I do want to talk about under Armour, which was great One of the greatest features about under Armour why we made why we got on the bounce if you remember in pre-market when we were at The end of our presentation.  There's a huge 30,000 share buyer and he's not getting filled sure enough you look at that at 20 Would it do went from 20 to 21 game over you guys made your days pay.  That was pretty good for Regarding from our earnings What else we have today got a bunch of earnings are coming out GE Now G's a little bit more of a brand name stock. You got to be careful with it But you know, there's a lot of companies come out of earnings And this is really good to see when you have these blue chip companies see how they're doing because it's going to Effect what's going to happen moving forward in the market, especially today today's a very very big announcement Today we had the Fed rate coming out. It's already probably factored in but the question is how much are they gonna lower rates? That's going to be the big news FCU is another one Looks like they made some made some news this morning you could see how things just basically took a big hit from the day before it's gapped up and Possible earnings this morning on that stock the big ones was yesterday, which we talked about in the cyber group room Which was Apple and we looked at Apple yesterday. That thing was just all over the place had that nasty Bot trade went to open But I know we were talking about it with Tom Sassinoff yesterday from tasty works regarding at that thing did pretty well But it looks like it's flat line right now But but it did break all-time highs, you know, great stock. It's been a great yearly stock to stock in the year It's almost close to almost doubled that one and the AMD trade AMD I mean you could see right after hours just tanked and it's really kind of holding here flat So we got those stocks on our watch list the problem with those, you know, we're not gonna be trading those they're expensive and You know what I don't like really not a big fan of trading in AMD and on market conditions like this because I think it's Pretty crazy now what we got for today's morning watch list So we got the AMPH that we're gonna keep an eye on you guys know what to look for on that one We're gonna cover that in class today. Remember phase 3 is gonna be going on this morning. That one's pretty good EXTR is another one Made the watch list that one gapped up for about 730 and open up at 840. It's about 11 percent 70,000 chairs You got some pretty good iceberg orders over there. You could see it there on the right. You got a you got a nice 4,000 share buyer on level three at 815 you got a big sell of 4,000 at 840 kind of makes sense Why backed off in pre-market so that one's pretty good. I thought this is Twilio, but it really wasn't TW OU It's another one getting destroyed now I this is the one I found earlier this morning actually this one is probably the best stock So far in pre-market that we traded. I know you guys been looking at the ENPH But I thought this one was probably the best on the short side So you can see that stock has been doing great. I don't have any of you got there But the only concern is with this one It on big spread you got to be a level three trader or higher To get into this stock right here. All right now What else do we got here and then last but not least is the F E? Y E That one also looks like it took a very big hit and it's not a pharmaceutical stock So that's a good sign Which means they usually get a little bit of a dead cat bounce. It looks like it's doing that right here Looks like and one thing's nice about it's testing these major support levels right here. So that's probably why you're getting that bounce Only bad things spreads are really small right here. You got some big buyers of three thousands here right around 1335 95 and and 91 cents don't really see too many big sellers out there But the book map on that looks really really exciting. All right guys So there's your watch list want to cut it short because I want to get ready for class with you guys for all my gold and platinum students Once again, if you want to know more about how to learn how to learn how to trade just talk to education visor here at Cybertria University, so we're gonna take I'm gonna trade a lot of these stocks going to the open and Have some fun in the meantime everybody Have fun have fun today. All right, and we'll see you back at This afternoon for the afternoon meeting and don't forget to register for all the upcoming events All right, and if you want to know more about those events just talk to the education visor here at Cybertria University All right. Good luck everyone. Happy trading everybody


So, dear students, in this module, we'll talk about the controls as part of a form. In the previous module, we talked about the method of the get and the post and in this module we'll get into more details. So, what is a control? A control is a container which consists of many items or objects or elements which we'll be discussing and using these controls, we manipulate what we need to display on the screen, what we need to send to the server, manipulation in terms of how do we manage and arrange all of this, right? So, let's go into the outline of this module. So, the outline is about the forms, form is a container of controls, of course I will talk about it, which consists of the method, which consists of the action, which consists of the tags, the different types of controls, the attributes of controls, all of this we'll be discussing in this module. And then is the form design issues. There are two main form design issues, is the size of the form and how do we manage the size of this forms. I'll spend more time on the form issues because the user interacts with the web server through these forms and this has become more and more important when we have small screen handheld devices with minimal or minimal real estate in terms of screen size. So, what should be displayed on the form? So, these are the issues which we'll be talking about with the vis-a-vis-a-vis to the form issues. Of course, we'll also talk about the hidden controls. This is very interesting, hidden controls. Hidden controls is that the data is being passed from the form to the server or from the form to the form and that data is not displayed shown to the user. Of course, it has its own benefits like the security also and making the thing simple appear in the URL window. So, let's go into the more details. So, what is a form? Form is a container of control and what the form consists of? It consists of the method and the action and the method, the get and the post we have already discussed very briefly. So, using the get method, the server is being directed to generate a page and post we are sending transfer. Transfer is taking place. And of course, the actions are executed the program and the path is also given where the program has to be executed. And of course, when I tell the server which program to execute, it could be retrieving a page, it could be retrieving something static, generating something dynamically or running a script and so on. And I have to specify the path also where it is located. And for the, for the, every form has a name also. What kind of character encoding is used in the form and the content of the form, what are the tags being used, which we discussed. So these are the different elements or the things associated with the form. Now, if you look at the bottom of your screen, now I have over here an application. I have over here a form also. And in this action part, if the location of the item to be executed to be retrieved is other than my hard disk, then I give the complete URL, which is given over here. I believe now you understand the importance and how they are being used. So what are the controls? The controls is a long list of controls you can see on the screen. And in the subsequent modules, I'll be looking at discussing with you, showing you these controls. And I will also discuss with you the code which goes behind these controls. So very, very briefly, we have these buttons over here in the control. These buttons could be general and these buttons could be special buttons. Special buttons are like submit, special buttons are like reset. With these special buttons, remember no data is passed. With the general buttons, data is of course passed. Or I can pass data or I can have a command associated with that general button which could be forward or backward or whatever and sending the data also. Then I have the check boxes. Check boxes can have a yes choice, can have a no choice. I can have a group of radio buttons also. And of course remember in the radio buttons only one choice is selected at a time. And then I can have menus also which allow me to select one item or multiple items. I can have control text boxes with single line or multiple line. And of course I can have specialized text fields used for passwords. When I use them for passwords, then these are specialized and they don't display what is typed, which is obvious. And of course I have this image fields also, image control, hidden control. And I'll talk about the application of the hidden control also. And then of course object and select controls also. So you see there, there are a whole list of controls which will be covered in the subsequent and this module also. So what are the attributes of these controls? For example, I have this type. So the type is specified whether it's a radio button, it's a text, it's a text area. So this is how I specify then of course the name also. Now this is very interesting, the value of the control. Now you can set the value of the control, the default value or you cannot, for example, no data in initial, no data on special, specialized controls. And of course it's a value named pair which is being sent to the server. Or you may leave the value altogether. So it is the type of the style you're using. And then there are other controls also. For example, what is the width of the control? What is the maximum character capacity? Or the characters which can be typed in that control and the checkbox is checked or not and so on. Now lastly is the control flow. Whether that control flow is moving from down the page or this control from side to side, by default it moves from top to bottom. But it may be side to side for this you used to have tables, right? So it is up to you how you manage the movement of the control within your page. Now I come to the more challenging part, which is the hidden controls. The hidden controls, the type is hidden. The contents are not shown. So what is the purpose of hidden control? It could be passing data from one page to the other page and the hidden control has a name and the value like other controls. The only difference is that you don't see the contents of the hidden control. And what is the purpose of hidden control? You can create fields. Hidden fields and you can assign values to those hidden fields. So they are the main difference which we are seeing over here is that the contents are not visible. What are the types? These are specified controls. They can hide button, cannot hide button. So it means that the hide control cannot be applied to buttons because the buttons are displayed, right? So it is a special type of control. Now remember one thing. The difference between the hidden control and the control which is not visible. So more details are not within the scope of this module. So now let's talk about the submitting a form. So when we submit a form, what happens? We can reset something, okay? Or we can ignore something. So now when the reset option is there on submitting a form, remember all the values which were initially entered by the user. Those values are set to the default value, which were hard coded in the form, in the value part. And we have the submit and reset buttons, the submit button, clicking on it doesn't have any data value associated with it. It just submits the form as per the URL which describes where the server is and which script is to be run, where it's going to go, right? And for the reset, it is resetting to the initial value. So these are the things which happen when we submit a form. And finally the form design issues. A form has to be as small as possible. Because if the number of elements in a form is like more than 10, right? People feel that they are overwhelmed, right? So one thing is the size of the form. It should be small as possible. And you should be able to see what is on the form with minimal scrolling. Better there is no scrolling, better there is no scrolling. But with minimum scrolling, with minimum scrolling. Other thing about the form size issue is the logical size of the form. With reference to the screen, with reference to what is displayed to the user, the area occupied by the form should be minimized. And it should be on a small area of the screen. And remember one thing that because a form when submitted to the server, engages the server for processing. Now if you are submitting a form and there is nothing for the server to do, it generates kind of an overhead on the server. To find something that it doesn't have to do, it reflects upon the performance. So if the data to be submitted is not part of a control element, don't use forms. Use the data, use the submission outside other than the forms. When you have large forms what you do, split the forms into multiple screens. For example, ask for the information about the user in case of registration. Ask for the feedback, ask for something else. So you have split the forms into multiple forms and use the get command to send the data to the next screen and how use the hidden fields. So the data is being sent to the next screen. Now remember in the previous module I told you that when you send with this get method, the data is displayed. It's not part of the message body. So you can send the data using the get command and a dynamically generated page confirms to the user what has been sent to the server. I believe you understand this, right? And this is step by step. You take the user from one screen to the second screen to the third screen. I am talking with reference to the registration. So we have this step one, it takes to step two, it takes to step three. And finally all of the data that was collected by the user is finally submitted and that data was using from or moving from one screen to the other screen using the hidden fields. So that's all I have for this module. Thank you for your time.