Welcome to Shaping Davos. You're plugging into the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum. The meeting that brings together government, business, civil society leaders, academics and you into a global conversation about the most important topics shaping the world today. The Shaping Davos journey starts in a city near you with our millennial community, the global shapers. And those voices, your voice feeds into this global conversation we're hosting at Shaping Davos. And here we're talking about the Fourth Industrial Revolution. That's the huge wave of change that's going to transform the world around us. And that revolution is going to bring incredible change to societies, to countries, to industries and most important to generations. And we want millennial voices involved in conversations. So you'll be joining in on conversations about jobs, about millennials, about the future of work. We're really excited to have you online coming and bringing your voice into those conversations. So for me, Adrian Monk, thank you very much for being part of this process. Look forward to seeing and hearing your contribution. Good day. Wherever you are in the world, we are webcasting this so I'm delighted to be inviting cities from all around into this wonderful session on the last day of the World Economic Forum in Davos. And this is a very great session and we say that all the time I know, but I mean it here because this is going to involve the shapers from around the world. Thousands of young people, brilliant people who are going to shape the future of this world. You often hear about the World Economic Forum. You often hear about Davos and the .1% that are here. But the shapers bring in new voices, new perspectives, disruption and brilliance. And that's why we're going to have two panelists here, but four people from around the world talking about the future of cities and reimagining urban life. I first want to plug the hashtag, which please everybody here and there use the hashtag shaping cities. And I'll be seeing great tweets from wherever on a tablet and so we can try to get that into the conversation as we go. So anyone in the audience here too will have a few minutes for questions later but you can also get questions and thoughts in on the hashtag. So it is my honor to be here. I'm Jeff Jarvis. I teach at the City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism. I'm from New York. We all think our cities are the greatest, but I'm right on Times Square and what we think of is the center of the universe. And I love my city. I love what the City University does and that's why it's an honor to be here talking about the future of our planet through being together as people. I'm also honored to give you two great panelists who are here. Carlo Ratti is the director of a sensible city laboratory at MIT, Department of Urban Studies and Planning. Carlo does amazing things that he'll tell you about in a moment. Nahid Nenshi is the first Muslim mayor in North America, a master of Twitter and doing great things out of Calgary in involving citizens in new ways and reshaping that city. The format here is we're going to go through three parts. The first we're going to talk about the challenges, the context and where we are. Then we're going to go to the solutions and opportunities and then just discuss where we are from that and then go on our ways. So first, let me shift over to introduce our two panelists into the discussion. I've already done that. And talk about we want to look, explore the current challenges in urban design and urban life, the roles of various stakeholders in this. And so, Carlo, if you would start by giving us a few minutes on the context of cities today. Sure. Thank you. Well, you know, about the challenges. I would say the challenges in cities are the challenges today as they've been over the past around 10,000 years. Cities just start around 10,000 years ago when humanity really starts and realizes that living together we can do more. By living together we can make sure that the total is more of the sum of the individual parts. You know, cities didn't exist and around 10,000 years ago came into existence. But this density of people coming together, this density that continues for thousands of years and it's accelerating today. We were just discussing before in one of the sessions about India. India where tens of millions of people move to cities every year. I believe it's 40 people every minute. Or, you know, about global urbanization, the idea that by 2030 five, six billion people could actually live in cities. Well, all of this, this increased density clearly brings a lot of interesting potential, the potential to be together, to exchange ideas and to be more productive, but also great challenges. Those are some of the challenges about traffic, about pollution, about the energy consumption. Just four numbers about cities. Two, 50, 75 and 80. Cities are only 2% of the crust of the planet, but they're 50% of the population today. They're 75% of energy consumption, 80% of CO2 emissions. So these are some of the big challenges we have. If you're able to do something to make cities more efficient, then the impact can be striking at a global level. It is no surprise, again, we discussed it in a few sessions of the past few days, that the COP 21 in Paris just a few weeks ago, thinking about climate change, thinking about how we can address it, where cities were on the center stage. So I would say these are some of the challenges, and before we look later about the solution and some of the ideas, but I just want to hint at something, which is what people usually refer to as Smart City. Smart City is nothing else than IoT, Internet of Things. It's about technology, digital technology, entering physical space. If you want, it's about the convergence of the digital and the physical layer in the places we live. Well, IoT Smart Cities can actually provide part of the answer as we will discuss later. Do you also want to plug the work of the forum and the report and show that to the camera? Yes, I'll do this. Totally, sure. Yes, this is it. But we'll discuss a bit in a moment more about the solution. With the forum, I had the pleasure, the privilege of chairing the Global Agenda Council on future cities, and what we've been doing with all the Global Agenda Council members is really work on urban innovations. We have a small report about the top 10 urban innovations, and I think in a few minutes we'll look at that in more detail. But here's the report, which is available for everybody in printed form here, the forum, but also for all the shapers, you can just download it online from the WEF website. Mr. Mayor. Well, thanks for giving me the opportunity to be here with all of you today and hello to all the shapers watching from all over the world. I had the great pleasure of speaking at the Shaper North America Conference held in Calgary last year, and I'm still running off the energy of meeting all of those folks. And energy is, I think, an interesting word, because to Carlo's point, those numbers are really important. The 50 is the most important. This is the first time in the history of humanity that the majority of people in the world live in cities. That is a profound shift in change in how we think about our world, in how we think about energy use to your point, how we think about emissions, but importantly as well how we think about how we live together, who we are, how we move, how we work, how we create economic impact, and particularly how we interact with one another, not just as economic or environmental units, but as neighbors. And I think that this is an important part of all we do. I think you were missing a number, and I wonder if you know it, which is, I think it's 65, which is the percentage of the world GDP that happens in cities. And so 5% of the crust of the earth, 65% of the economy, half of the people. So clearly we need to think about cities in a new way. A few years ago when I first became mayor, I had the opportunity to visit China for the first time. And I got to Beijing after a long flight, was met by a friendly young man at the airport gate who whisked me down secret corridors to a secret car park. I wasn't quite sure what was about to happen. Into a vehicle with Chinese government flags on it on special lanes to whisk me to a meeting with the mayor of Beijing because my flight had been delayed and I had to get there in time. So I got into this meeting having just gotten off this long flight. It was exactly as you would imagine, two chairs, a plant in the middle, his translator behind him, my translator behind me, a red rope with a whole bunch of cameras behind it, and suddenly we're expected to talk in serial monologues. So what am I going to say? So I say to the mayor of Beijing...  I can't imagine you're going to have trouble with this. Remember all of that stuff. Long flight, no shower, whole bed, right? And so I say to him, you know, mayor, one of the things that we have in common is we are swiftly growing cities. I am the fastest growing city in Canada. And he said, I know. We had about 750,000 people a year. We are currently building 300 kilometers of subway and I think it was the sixth at the time, Ring Road. And I thought to myself, well, we added 35,000 people last year and I just finished the largest public works project in our history, which was a 9.7 kilometer extension of our LRT. But the problems are exactly the same. And I really want to get into some of the solutions, some of the things we think about. Maybe I'll just say one more sentence about the context. And the context is how do we create spaces that are sustainable? And when I use the word sustainable, I mean it in three ways. How do we create spaces that are financially sustainable, where we can actually afford the infrastructure and afford to have people live in these places? Number two, how can we create places that are, of course, environmentally sustainable? How do we manage the environmental footprint of cities and build economies of scale rather than the diseconomies in terms of emissions that Carlo was talking about? And third and to me, most important, how do we build places that are socially sustainable? How do we build places where by definition, people of very different backgrounds are living in the same space and breathing the same air? Where there are inequities almost by definition in wealth, in background, in faith, in ethnicity, in family history? And how do we make those places that build on the strengths of that diversity and be able to build places where people can work together hand in hand, breathing the same air as their neighbors to build community together? And I think that of everything when we talk about built space and all the other things that cities do, that creation of that social space is the key thing we have to solve. I couldn't agree more. In journalism, I think we've got to shift the focus of journalism to what communities need before it is what we want to do. And the same with cities and government. We've got to understand the needs of communities better. And I think that that's why the hubs you're about to hear from are so important. All around the world, the forum has organized global shapers, young people who are taking charge of the future of their world. And in these cities, they are holding events just like this. And so the forum has spread out across the world here. And we have four here this morning for amazing people. In Moscow, I'm sorry, in the order, in Islamabad, Moscow, Jeddah, and Pune. So we have Javeria Musud in Islamabad, who is the founder and design and strategy lead at the Urban Practice Pakistan. In Moscow, Natalia Fishman, who is advisor to the president of the Republic of Tartistan, advisor to the head of the Moscow City Department of Culture. In Jeddah, Masin Al-Jabri, director general of the Economic Development Divisions at the Economic Cities Authority. And Bobby Nimbalkar in Pune, director of Delivering Change Foundation and head of Strategic Leadership Council of the Sakai Group. So we'd like to start, they're going to have two minutes each to talk about, again, the context in their cities and what they're trying to do with that. So Javeria, over to you. Hi, I'm very glad to be a part of this. So before I highlight the problems, I'm just going to take a few seconds and introduce Islamabad just to provide a little more context for those of you who are not familiar with the city. So Islamabad is a very new city, comparatively. It was built in the 50s and 60s is actually when it started getting occupied. It's the only plan in the only bridge city of Pakistan and was made to be the capital. So it has this very strong parliamentarian pursuit and bureaucratic presence. But in the last few decades, it has seen a very increased number of people moving in. So great urbanization. And our local activity that we did was actually in collaboration with the Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform. So some of the bigger concerns that came out of that discussion, which was partly around table and partly breakout sessions, was mobility. So Islamabad is a twin city, rather windy and a big task force of Islamabad comes daily in and out from the twin city and surrounding neighbors. And that influx of people on daily basis and multiple hours creates a lot of hassle in terms of traffic jams and there are only a couple of routes. So that mobility within the city and outside is a big issue. And the second concern is the dichotomy of different segments that live within Islamabad. So one side you have very, very elite groups and on the other you have informal slum settlements. And then these different segments of societies are not very connected, neither economically, neither socially. And so these are some of the issues that we looked into and how we can bring in different people from different segments and kind of brainstorm on it. We also have issues regarding power shortage, which we experienced on and off, but hopefully are working to make it better. And then in terms of solutions, we're also trying to highlight what some of the other, like what are the projected concerns that come forward. So because Islamabad was never envisioned to cater to this big of a population, we're sort of foreseeing a collapse of infrastructure. It's not happening right now, but I think of this rate maintenance. We'll see that the infrastructure may or may not support the flux that the city currently has. Thank you very much, Deveria. On to you, Natalia and Moscow. Don't forget to unmute your microphone, Natalia, if you could. I think it's okay. Yes, now you're good and you can shout at us. I will shout at you. Hello, Honorable Colleagues. It's a great pleasure to be here with you today. I used to work for the Moscow City Department of Culture, which has gone, and the city has gone great change in terms of cultural policies and involvement of citizens into the urban life. And now I have moved to a city called Kazan, which is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, a major region within the Russian Federation. Together with our colleagues from the Moscow hub, we have actually more focused on a general problem which we can witness in basically any city of our country. And I think that it is relevant to almost anyone dealing with the problems of question. And this is the question of how we deal with the lack of trust between the citizens and the city officials, and how we teach everyone to get the responsibility of how we actually should work together to tackle certain problems which arise and moreover, more than anything, we lack the skills and the technologies that we would use in order to build that mutual trust. And to build on the responsibility. So I think that the major question for us is how we cooperate and how we counter this social sustainability which you were mentioning in your introductory speech. Thank you. Thank you very much, Natalia. And now to Jedha and Masin. Hi, Jeff. Thank you for the opportunity and how to follow up, analysts. A brief thing about Jedha. Jedha is about a thousand years old. But in the past 15 years, I think the population doubled in Jedha. And that created one of the challenges is the unhealthy lifestyle due to the poor walkability of the city. The city design is not really designed to be a walkable. There's a lack of business space. There's, which increases also with the heat and the climate of the city. It's kind of hot during the summer or the year alone. So I think these are one of the major challenges of not having, let's say, a pedestrian lanes, the lack of pedestrian walkways, pathways in the city. And this added to the unhealthy lifestyle that we have currently. Another also major issue that we believe and I believe that we have in Jedha here is absolutely the traffic due to the increase of the population in the past 10, 15 years that also and there's a big dependency on cars for transportation. That because of there's no, let's say, innovative public transportation that ended up in really traffic jams and all the traffic jams that Jedha is facing daily. One of that is also the design of the city because the poor design of the community services or the schools are really not in the same neighborhoods that's where do we live. That resulted in you need to do lots of trips back and forth on different parts of the city. That increases the traffic and also increases the demand of traffic jams that we have in the city. Thank you. Thank you very much, Masan. And fourth is Bobby from Pune. Hi, everyone. Thank you for this opportunity. Pune is one of the oldest city in India and it's very well poised and it's growing because it is called Oxford of East. We have huge educational institutes which are there in Pune. We also have a huge automobile manufacturing base and now we have a IT base which is there in Pune and because of this, there is a whole lot of migration which is happening from villages and rural side to Pune and also Pune is very close to financial capital of India. Pune has different challenges but as part of the Pune is also one of the cities which is part of the smart city mission across India and based on this mission, we recently did a massive citizen engagement program where we wanted to try and understand what are the challenges which are there from a citizen's perspective and we did a pan city challenges as well as the area-wise challenges because if you look at it from a pan city, we have mobility as an issue. We have solid waste management as an issue and we also need to create a start-up culture to create more opportunities in Pune. That said, when we look at area-wise issues and challenges, they are different. In some areas there are safety-related issues. In some areas there is affordable housing-related issues. There are some areas where we need to have slum redevelopment issues. But with this overall massive citizen engagement program, one thing was very clear. Now we understand exactly what are the issues and challenges citizens are facing which helps the civic body along with corporate NGOs and academia to really plan the city much better. Thank you. Bobby, thank you very much. I'd like our panelists here in Davos to just spend one minute each reacting to what you've heard about the context. I hear a lot of commonality here in infrastructure, growth, crowding, the need for citizen engagement, housing problems, traffic, any reaction that each of you have in turn? You know, it's the same everywhere. This is the most fascinating thing about urban design and how we think about cities is if you ask people anywhere in the world, what do you want in your neighborhood? What do you want in your city? And if you think of the neighborhood as the building block of the city, they always say the same things. I want to be able to walk to the store. I want to be able to walk in safety so my kids can get to school. I want a diversity of choices in how I move around. I want to be close to my work. I don't want to spend my life commuting. I want safe, decent housing. I want to live in a neighborhood where my parents and my grandparents are also living, so I have free childcare. But different people of different generations are together. And I want generally, not always, but generally, I want my kids to grow up in a neighborhood with different kinds of people. So if everybody wants that, why don't we build that? Why were the people in Jeddah, for example, I'll pick on you, building communities without sidewalks? When we knew, people want sidewalks. So thinking about the barriers that are preventing us from actually meeting the market need of what people actually want in their communities is, I think, a very profound thing that we need to get beyond. Yeah, and I would add to that. Really, if you look at this, some of the issues have technological solutions. When you think about transportation, there's going to be a lot of changes in the next few years using digital platforms or driving and so on. But ultimately, the important thing is really is about what we want as citizens. It's about how we can... I think it boils down to what we were saying before, which is about coming together. That's what cities are for. And it's coming together about how we move together and we meet each other. It's about diversity in the neighborhood. It's about coming together online in order to help shape and transform our cities. We just think what you are showing here is also a great example of that, how we can leverage new IT technologies in order to come together, come together between all over the world and Davos here today, but also continuing this discussion on the Shapers platform really in order to transform space. I think that's really the key important thing about cities. We should never, never just focus on technology. People tried it in the 20th century and how some of those absurd cities without sidewalk appeared. You know, in the 19... Halfway through the 20th century, some new cities were built, such as Chandigarh in India, such as Brasilia in Brazil. And, you know, if you look at Brasilia, it was a very interesting city, but it just forgot about something that was people. There's no sidewalks there. The city is beautiful. When you land there from the plane, you look at it and it's like, you know, the wings of a plane, but then when you're in there, people are not part of the equation. That's probably where we should go back to. And then that, of course, is having a positive and negative effect here, too. I work in the center of Times Square, but I have to walk 20, 25 minutes to find a bookstore now, because they don't exist. Browsing in stores change. Now let's move to the important thing, which is solutions, and that's what the forum is about, is trying to bring people together, convene people to find solutions. So each of our two panelists here will give three minutes of some solutions they're looking at and working on, and then we'll once again go back to our global shapers and find out what they're working on. So, Carla, why don't you start it? Sure. And so what I wanted to share is what I showed before is the work we've been doing together with all of the Global Agenda Council on Future Cities here at the forum. As you might know, the Global Agenda Council constantly meets during the year, and in this case, we produced this report on the top 10 urban innovations. The amazing thing is that the forum really convenes people from different backgrounds and from all over the world. So at the Global Agenda Council, we got people from academia, from industry, we got mayors. Really, and try to look at some of the issues you were mentioning. Now when you were talking, I was looking at top 10 urban innovations, and if you look at this, many of the points resonate through these pages. In the top 10, we had to narrow down, so we had a longer list, but we had to narrow down, but really it's about, I would say, it's about technological solutions, that are always, always in the light of how this can transform citizen life and how this can empower people to make more informed decisions in the city. So again, the important thing is what the mayor was saying before is about the social sustainability of the city. This certainly is the ultimate goal, not the technological one. I just want to mention about one point, because we didn't discuss it yet, but this is actually what we decided to focus as Global Agenda Council. We decided when we met just a few weeks ago, all together in Abu Dhabi, we said we need to pick one of these and try to make it the reality by the end of our mandate in around one year. And we decided to focus on the third innovation here, on what is the third innovation, which was about green spaces. Green spaces in cities are vital. They're vital not only because of pollution, not only because of fighting the urban heat island, but they're vital because they reconnect us with nature, with the rhythm of nature. So it's very important to bring back nature into the city. And starting with an experiment that was launched by one of our members, Rob Adams in the city of Melbourne, we said, well, why don't we try to do this a global platform thanks to the forum? And that's about creating something like an open street map of trees so we can map trees in cities all around the world. We can kind of map the urban canopy and then allow citizens to take action in order to modify, to basically ask the mayor to plant more trees. You can benchmark one city against another one. It becomes a way really where we can better understand nature in our cities and also enhance it. I would also recommend looking at something called Sustainable Jersey, which is now doing lead-like certification of towns across New Jersey to get them to compete with each other to be more sustainable in many definitions. That's great. Well, you know, getting back to my three themes of sustainability, financial, environmental and social. You know, cities tend to do the same thing. So for a handy categorization, we have five things that we focus on. The first is a city that moves and it's about creating mobility choice for people to ensure that even in a city like mine that is built for a long time around the automobile that people have choices, whether that be walking, cycling, or particular public transport. Congestion is the greatest bugbearer of cities. It steals people's quality of life. It's a great environment and the best way to deal with that is to give people mobility choice. The best way is to get them not to have to travel so much through your built space but then to give them choice and mobility. So the second is a healthy and green city. And so the idea there is about the real nuts and bolts of what makes cities work. I have 20,000 colleagues at the city of Calgary that do work every day to keep us healthy and safe and alive. We have a gift that a billion people in the world don't have 300,000 buildings in the city and every single one of them has a little miracle in it and that's a tap. And out of that tap comes clean, safe water that won't make your kids sick. And so focusing on water, on our impact on the watershed, on wastewater, on storm management, all of this stuff we don't like to talk about much but is incredibly important and as people around the world know the other part of that is solid waste.  Those are pieces that really matter when you have all the infrastructure underneath to actually make it work as well. But as we build density in our cities building lungs in those neighborhoods having a place where you can kick around a soccer ball is tremendously important. The third is a prosperous city and that's about social inclusion and economic development and ensuring that the city remains an economic engine because cities are at their heart an economic unit. So you know in Calgary certainly we are focused on the energy sector but we're also focused as is everyone on education, innovation, entrepreneurship on integration of new comers to the community and on ensuring that opportunity I call it a city of opportunity where nobody cares who your daddy was or where he went to school your background or your faith or whom you love we just care about whether you're smart and whether you're willing to work hard and making sure that that systemically happens in the city is extraordinarily important for all of us. A city of inspiring neighborhoods I won't go into a bunch of detail that's about your built space and ensuring that work and shopping and home are close to each other that public spaces are inspiring that people are driven by the space around them to spend time together in the public sphere they're not atomized into their own families for me what's very important is the fifth and final one which is a well run city and that's about efficiency and management it's about making effective and good use of tax dollars about balancing tax dollars and user fees all of that only works on a base of transparency, accountability and civic engagement and I'll say one last thing about civic engagement you know we changed our budget process when I became mayor and we turned it on its head in the first year that I was mayor 18,000 Calgarians participated in our budgeting process answering very basic questions like what do you expect your city to do and how do you want to pay for it that number has grown and grown and grown in my city but my favorite part of all of it is we learn that traditional open houses where you have to go at 6 o'clock in the evening and see a bunch of poster boards and city staff standing next to them don't really work so we've done some really fun innovative things online that you can see at Calgary.ca but the best thing we've done is something called the engagement bus imagine you're waiting for your bus in the morning and instead of your regular bus coming up a big multicolored bus that is covered in post-it notes shows up at your bus stop and if you're lucky enough to get the engagement bus you're not paying your fare that day but in return for not paying your fare you get to talk to the city managers who are on the bus about whatever issue we need to talk to people about. That's great. People have to put down their iPhones. Now to the shapers and the important work that they're doing we'll do this in the same order so you each have three minutes to tell us how you're going to solve all the problems of your gigantic cities. Javeria start with you. Love this engagement bus would be amazing if we could have that here as well so one of the solutions that we in that meeting spoke about was having citizen engagement so make sure that there's this bridge between government or making decisions or throwing out planning development of projects but make sure that citizens are engaged at every level of those projects so people really are at the heart of this. The other is to incorporate smart technologies and smart systems and try to deploy and again taking it forward to citizen and the third is I don't know how many of you have had a chance to look up Islamabad even on Google but it's very beautiful very green mountains and all of that but so the good thing is that it's maintained and what we really want is that that is not taken over by social enterprise or government infrastructure projects and the third is to make sure that we have walkable cities so have more sidewalks create more public platforms so that different segments of societies have more platforms to engage with each other and really make sure that each person is contributing to that so not just have the government take or initiate projects but try to come up with social entrepreneurial ventures or small initiatives that are community led community driven that really support the collective vision of a smart city very thank you very much Natalia in Moscow thank you so very much I told you already we were more focusing on engaging citizens so we had a lot of discussions first of all for instance we have an application in Moscow which is called the active citizen which actually makes more than a quarter of Moscow citizens every two weeks answer certain questions and this is a great number and they tend to influence certain decisions but sometimes they criticize the Moscow government for giving very limited options in this process the other experience we have and I think is quite nice is the one we had in Kazan because we have been transforming 140 parts within half a year and in transformation of every part we were organizing offline meetings with the citizens demonstrating projects and asking them but then we met a serious obstacle and problem which is that the older generation tend to come to those meetings and the younger ones the people of our age they try to ignore those events and therefore we are now in search of different mechanisms which we could use the technological mechanism we could use to engage the younger generations into direct influence on how the public spaces of their city would look like and we would be most grateful for advice also we are pretty sure that we need to build on issues of activism and issues of advocacy because I think we think that we have a huge problem with lack of the so-called interpreters because we have a situation when the government and the citizens tend to speak totally different languages they lack the terms that they would share for instance we have situations when there are activists who are fighting to preserve heritage and historical architectural sites and obviously sometimes the city officials do not realize the extent of how much it is important to keep the heart of the city so I think that the only way we could find the consensus is to create those advocacy mechanisms when there are people on behalf of the active communities cooperating together trying to come to certain conclusions and the last but not least principle we were discussing is that it is very important for the government especially in a country when the government is so strong and I actually think that this is important for all the cities who are participating in this discussion today it is very important for the city for the city and for the government in general to keep activists independent from themselves because if you start offering too much help to the activists basically incorporating them within your structure you kill the independent opposition to you who will help you not make a mistake governing the city thank you very much thank you very much now next to Masen in Jeddah Hi what is the solution I believe it is to reduce the technology that is in terms of the smart city we can try to ease up the problem of the traffic utilizing the technology of the smart city managing the traffic or giving the citizens more options or traffic routes that they can ease up this problem also that we increase the security of having more options to walk in the city if the city is more safe these are the options and one of the other solutions is maybe rethinking their current master planning of the city because the city outgrew its master plan how can we fix this, how can we re-engineer how can we re-design it in making it less dependent on cars more dependent on walking more walkable we utilize these both factors in one of them is short term and of course introducing innovative public transportation effective public transportation it will less increase the demand on cars and between all the three of them increasing the additional increasing the awareness through the technology through the apps or mobile apps through the city itself increasing the awareness of needing more walking and having safer roads and more traffic with my opinion help reduce the issue and solve the problem make Jeddah livable again or at least more brighter in the future thank you thank you very much and finally Bobby in Pune thank you again the cities will be smarter if the citizens of that city think that the city is smart the bottoms up approach by understanding by doing the mass scale citizen engagement to understand issues and challenges the overall vision of Pune smart city is based on what citizens want because if we deliver what citizens want that would be a faster way of moving towards smartness we have a challenge where we have basic infrastructure which needs to be done at a fancy level as well as try and initiate technology usage you know to the smart technology usage to move forward so this is what we intend to do now our biggest challenge is how do we make this overall citizen engagement on a sustainable basis because if we do that then citizens working along with civic bodies we can move towards faster development and making Pune smart city and that is the focus which we are now putting in how citizens can help citizens on various aspects whether it is emergency services whether somebody is in distress instead of waiting for emergency services come in how citizens can start helping citizens so this is what can be done using smart technologies another example how citizens can help on the infrastructure side if there is a solid waste management you know which needs to be done at a fancy level can citizens segregate the waste how we can provide an awareness as well as ensure that the citizens are segregating the waste and that would be a much much effective solution which can be implemented so that is what our main focus is going to be to have a sustainable citizen engagement program which will be running helping the civic body implement the solutions faster. Thank you. Thank you all for I'm so struck by the optimism that I hear and you're using the tools of information and technology but you didn't talk about trying to build huge amounts of infrastructure instead about empowering the citizens to in turn create the kind of city they want. I also thank you for your brevity and clarity because I think this is more time for a discussion with people here in the room and on Twitter. I want to remind you of the shaping cities hashtag again shaping cities if you have any questions or challenges, ideas anything at all please put that in here and we'll try to get that in as well before that though you are speaking to Davos to the world's mockers who are here and there is power and there is authority and there are resources that exist here and this is the opportunity that I think is very important for you to challenge Davos and say what do you need not of the forum but of the people the forum has convened here and just really quickly for a half a minute each let's reverse the order and start with you Bobby and Pune what do you want the Davosians to do for your city? What we feel is the problems and the issues and challenges which we have in Pune should not be limited to Pune itself we want to expose these issues and challenges which we have to Davos to everyone there where we can learn where the research institutes are researching based on not the issues and challenges which are there in the developed cities but once which are in the developing cities so they can have a look at it and provide us solutions which can be implemented how citizen engagement smart technologies can be which are very very effective in the developed nation how it can be customized it can be localized based on the density which we have as well as the scale which we have and the way we are starting so I think it is important that we need to have a sister city kind of a concept or maybe many sister city kind of a concept where we learn and there is a knowledge transfer technology transfer based on the issues and challenges which we have here I think that is what our biggest house from Davos That's a wonderful idea of sister cities and I think Davos can manage to curate that and convene that. Nassan I think more focus on the PPP model public-private partnerships and I think that would give us more leverage in the cities and how can we speed up the momentum of developing the city and solving our problems. We cannot we all rely on the city and leave it at that I think more partnership more citizen engagement will do us can Davos assess us in that and having think about models and think about initiatives that both the public and the private can engage in that would speed up the momentum and bring quicker solutions Thank you, Natalia over to you. Unmute your mic please The basic first one from everyone here from the previous discussion was how were the cities selected why are the four cities brought together in one group we are very curious it's very important to us and the other question that I was having is if we could not just set up the sister cities system but if we could first set up a platform to share the technological and other experiences really quickly between ourselves. Thank you I think that can be done and last huge of area your ask to the people of Davos So two things one the continuation of what already is happening bringing youth in the center of this and engaging us and then the second thing is that the four cities working in different cities but on similar themes and similar concerns what would be really good is if maybe in future we could collectively do something so have one strategy one urban intervention let's say and have it so disperse in different cities and see how people respond to it and an exchange of knowledge share and across the world perhaps more implementable strategies on how we can collectively and individually welcome those together. Thank you so much now I want we have a few minutes here for some questions challenges ideas examples from the room is there anyone here who has anything yes if you could also identify yourself Hello, my name is Neeraj and I live in United Arab Emirates it's a young nation which was born in 71 and I have been living in that city for as I said over 30 years now and Dubai is a very good example of a city which has really come about in the last 15 years and it was it wasn't what it is now but it has really come about through a function of community engagement good governance and not just throwing good not just throwing lots of money at it because Dubai doesn't really have oil it is like any other city in the world where it needs to create the resource but the rulers of Dubai are very very engaged in creating infrastructure they would go at night to the airport see what the citizen problems are and they have managed to create really on three principles one is adoption of E as a basis for running governments where all the departments the government now engage with citizens on an electronic basis you can actually file a complaint so if you have a traffic accident you can just take a picture and post it online and within an hour you get a police report you don't have to visit a police station the second thing they have done is a competition between the government departments on a star rating system where each government department competes with each other on upgrading the quality of service I mean there should be examples like that which we can perhaps bring to forum from other parts of the world and I think that will then enable a collaborative effort towards understanding this Thank you for this idea of sharing things and then competing to out do each other is a really important opportunity Yes, again please identify yourself I'm Elia Selman from Chile I've been hearing very very interested in what all these young people are talking about and I would say that you're lacking two issues that are very important it is safe I mean I didn't hear that during all of your I mean I've been seeing Paul in Latin America that when you ask the people what is the most you need in the city is safe I mean crime is another issue that you should address I mean when I'm talking about crime I'm not just talking about someone who's going to kill some robbery and all that kind of stuff second thing is schooling I didn't hear about schooling if I choose a place to leave I need to think about where my kid is going to go to get education and health at the same time healthcare is just about small city is to be connected or have a walkable city it's first of all safeness, schooling education and healthcare, thank you I'm sorry, we heard from Pune about safety, we heard from Jedha about wanting streets and sidewalks to be safe and make that but I think what's interesting is that your perspective is properly government services what does the government provide in a city are talking about what the citizens can provide and that's the perfect combination that we have time for one more very quick one and again say who you are My name is Piro Shkanogia I'm from LSC UK one area where I see a real crisis in big cities is housing housing for young people what can be done of course at the national level is a big question but also at the local level to increase the supply of housing there's a huge social problem and I think it's important to understand any reaction from our hub if you put your hand up if you have any reaction to anything you've heard from the audience here and we can call on you yes Basen yes I do agree about safety is really important and I agree with the colleague about it's not about the lights I think yes we did and one factor maybe I did not really focus on the walkability when you have all the social services what I mean by the social services are school and gun hospitals social services are within the neighborhood then it's walkable then you can solve a lot of problems of having to rely on cars and I do agree with him fully but I think we in the back of our heads these are by default these are by default should be available our request now is having these demands within the neighborhood instead of me driving all day long just back and forth to get them thank you on twitter from the hashtag from the Jetta Hub I'll get right to you in one second Bobby from first the Jetta Hub asked how are we dealing with a lack of trust between citizens and citizen authorities I think in Calgary you've concentrated a lot on that and what are two or three of your best practices to share about trust of course being a politician I'll take the opportunity to answer that question and two others very quickly of course safety is important I did mention it at the beginning that people need to feel safe on their streets all day and night and of course policing is part of that community based safety standards community based policing understanding root causes all really important stuff housing is probably the most critical thing we need to think about in big cities because big cities are becoming victims of our own success so you're from LSE who can afford to live in London today if you're not a financier how in the world after 2008 did the financiers become even more powerful it's a whole other question for Davos but part of that is technology part of it is being able to craft great cities in different spaces in different places but part of it as well is really figuring out how you work with housing at every level from housing ownership to market rental to subsidized housing and release supply valves at each point of that finally this issue of trust is critical we find that particularly in North America I think it's the same in western Europe people's trust in government is declining it's almost as bad as their trust in journalists and ooh actually worse in most cases but we don't find that as much at the municipal level at least in North America because people feel that the services that the city is providing are services that they use in need every day and so there's a certain real sense of skin in the game with the municipal order of government now of course you've got to not be corrupt let's start there but I think working with tremendous transparency and accessibility to information and accountability is really important so people want to know how my city is spending money at Calgary.ca you can see every line of our budget every manager city manager comes live on tv and on the web every year to defend their budget of their department no other governments do this but that really engenders trust openness and transparency we've heard a lot and let's add that journalism might have a role in that we have one quick minute for you Bobby to add in yours your response just wanted to talk about education these are all issues but they are very specific neighborhood issues it's not a cross pan city so that's one so we have all those issues and of course we need to handle those based on the neighborhood the second thing I want to mention about the trust and the reason one of the one more reason why we did this overall mass scale citizen engagement is to build the trust between the municipal corporation and the citizens the municipal corporation officials had never visited citizen households to really find out what do they think about that city and what are the issues and challenges it's never happened and with this overall process after the overall vision of the smart city it has been very clear now in citizens mind that municipal corporation is hearing us and has built the overall plan based on our inputs and I think this is a great step forward from building the trust between the civic audience thank you very much Bobby thank you all the hub folks and please thank the folks who are there with you with these great ideas before we sum up very briefly with like a minute each Carlo what challenge do you have in turn for the shapers and the hubs that they have they've asked what Davos should do what do you think from Davos they should do yeah well first of all I want to say I really like the solutions they were hinting at and I think all the solutions go boiled down to a similar thing and it reminded me about Frank Lloyd Wright the great American architect from the 20th century he once was asking how do you do great architecture and he said you know you need three things clients clients clients and I think in your solutions it is more about citizens citizens yes citizens that's what resonates behind all the solutions and so if all of this is about citizens is all of this about coming together is about you know coming together and developing new ideas on different platforms then I think you know Davos Davos here is certainly a great platform but you with shapers are also a great global platform and so instead of you know maybe in a slightly Canadian way I would say instead of asking you know what Davos could do for you let's see what you could do for Davos and my suggestion would be perhaps as here we are planning to take some of the ten innovations especially the third one and deploy it with the global network then that's something we could do together we could actually start taking some of the innovations from the global agenda council on future cities and perhaps work collaborate together on one of them and leveraging the power that you have is covering the planet is a great number of smart young people connected from all over the world and in trying to test some of this again you know to start from citizenship in order to change our cities and you have one minute I I would just simply say that all the shapers out there that your most powerful tool is your voice the power that we have in shaping our communities is the power of framing choices and framing the narrative so if for example we look at the recent conversation that we've had around refugees around the world I prefer to use the term human beings to the term refugees however we see that people who live in communities people who live in cities have changed the narrative they've changed the narrative through their thought and their action in welcoming people in integrating them and bringing them into their community so as young people who are strong in your community the biggest thing you can do is change the narrative and talk about why aren't we building neighborhoods that people can live in why aren't we welcoming newcomers in the way we should financially and socially sustainable spaces and you would be surprised how framing things and the choices that people make every day makes extraordinary change I want to thank you both I really want to thank all four of you I don't know what hour it is wherever you are and I know it was difficult to get Skype working let's praise Skype that it didn't break down which is risky but first let's have a hand for all of you out there in the hubs and I think we heard loud and clear what you want to do which is right you're doing amazing things in your cities you want to share those things with each other I think you want to even compete with each other and that is the thing that I think the forum can specialize in is convening that discussion and that mechanism so I want to thank you folks who are here and we're about to end this magical strange time here at Davos and head back into our homes and our cities and I want to thank you those of you who are watching online and keep the conversation going with the shaping cities tag and thank you very much we'll see you here but sooner thanks


Best is not a permanent state. Better is. We can do better beats. We are the best all day, every day. Best is an ego word. Better is more of a humble, progressive, I can learn more kind of word. Best only lasts till better arrives.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, we will discuss a question which says that find the equations of the lines of regression on the basis of the given data. And this data is given to us. And in this data, the different values of x are 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17. And for these values of x, the corresponding values of y are 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8. Now before starting the solution of this question, we should know some results. And that are the regression equation of y on x is given by y values y bar is equal to b value x into x minus x bar the whole. Where y bar is the mean value of y, x bar is the mean value of the regression coefficient of y of x. Where b bar x is given by the formula xy minus summation x into summation y over n whole upon summation minus summation x whole square x and y is given by, equal to bx y into y minus y bar the whole is given by the formula into summation y by n is summation y whole square. Now these results will work out as a key idea for solving out. And now we will start with the solution. We will draw a table for this given data. So we have drawn a table for the given data. We have written different values of x. In the second column, different values of y. Then in the next column, we will find x square. In the next column, we will find y square. We will square the different values of x. Now where x is 10? So x square will be 100. Y square is 145. 40 square is 196. 12 values of y. Now where x is 49 and 8 square is 36. 14 into 4 will be 56. 15 into 6 will be 19. Summation x is equal to, we are getting summation y is equal to 30. Summation x square is equal to 1210. We are getting summation y square is equal to 178. We get summation xy is equal to x bar. Which is by number of observations which are n. So here summation x is 84. Number of observations are 1, 2, 3, 4 of y is given by y bar. Which is equal to summation y over n. And summation y is equal to x by n. Which is equal to 40 over n. Which is equal to the equations of the lines of regression. The regression coefficients. This results we will find the regression coefficient of y on x coefficient. Equal to summation xy minus summation x into summation y. Now summation xy is 450. Summation x is 84. Summation y is 30. 1210. So what do we have these values here? This will be 84 into 30 450 minus minus 1176. Which is further equal to. Which is equal to the regression coefficient by x is equal to 15 by 17. Now using this result which is given in the key idea. The regression equation of y on x is given by. y minus y bar is equal to b minus bar the whole. 14. y bar is 5. And b minus. So putting value values here this implies. y minus 5 is equal to 15 by 17 is 14 the whole. On class multiplying this implies. 17 bar is equal to 15x minus 210. Minus 15x plus 125 is equal to 0. This is the regression equation. Now using this result which is given in the key idea. Now the regression coefficient bxy is given by the formula. Summation x bar minus summation x into summation y by n. Minus summation y whole square that will be equal to. Now summation x is 84 into summation y is 30 is 178 minus summation y is 30 by 28 bxy is equal to 15 by 14. And now the regression on y is given by into bxy into y minus y bar the whole. Now x bar is 14 y bar is 5 and bxy is 15 by 40. This implies x minus 14 is equal to 15 by 14 into y minus 5 the whole. x minus 196 is equal to 15 y minus 75. Now the regression equation hence the equations of lines of regression is equal to 0 minus 25 is equal to 0. This is the given question and that's all for this session. Hope you all have enjoyed this session.


Hello and welcome to today's episode of the International Daily Roundup by People's Dispatch, where we bring you some of the top stories from around the world. Let's take a look at today's headlines. U.S. Appeal to Extradite Julian Assange upheld, Nicaragua establishes diplomatic ties with China, Columbia University student workers continue strike amid threats, and millions across Afghanistan at risk of famine. In our first story, the United States has won its appeal to extradite WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange from the United Kingdom. In January, District Judge Vanessa Baraitse had blocked the extradition, declaring it oppressive on account of Assange's high suicide risk. This was related to his likely imprisonment under isolation at the ADX Supermax Prison. U.S. prosecutors appealed Baraitse's ruling during a two-day hearing in October. They have indicted Assange on 18 charges, including 17 counts under the Espionage Act. These are related to the publishing of classified government documents on WikiLeaks between 2010 and 2011. Assange exposed widespread abusers by the U.S. military, including footage of a 2007 airstrike on Baghdad, which killed at least nine civilians. If convicted, he could face up to 175 years in prison. Courage against his transfer to the United States also grew following reports of a CIA plot to abduct and assassinate him. After the extradition request was blocked, the U.S. offered four assurances in Assange's case. Prosecutors stated that Assange would not be held under solitary confinement and would be transferred to Australia to serve his sentence. Assange's defense team has rejected such assurances as conditional, vague, and meaningless. However, these assurances were accepted by the U.K. High Court on Friday. The case will now return to Westminster Magistrates Court and then formally send to Home Secretary Priti Patel for approval. Assange's fiancée Stella Morris has stated that they will appeal the ruling, calling it a grave miscarriage of justice. Assange has been held at the Belmarsh prison since 2019. Nicaragua has formally deregognized Taiwan and established diplomatic ties with China. The government of President Daniel Ortega has declared that the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate government and that Taiwan was an inalienable part of Chinese territory. Both countries signed a joint communique and held a meeting in the city of Tianjin on December 10. They have agreed to establish ties based on mutual non-interference, peaceful coexistence, and respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. Nicaraguan presidential adviser Loriano Ortega stated that the country is willing to take an active part in China's Belt and Road Initiative. Foreign Minister Dennis Colindres also rejected the use of unilateral coercive measures and stressed Nicaragua's belief in a multipolar world. Nicaragua's Sandinista government had first cut ties with Taiwan and recognized Beijing in 1985. However, this was reversed when President Violeta Chamorro came to power in 1919. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi stated on Friday that some countries continued to maintain ties with Taiwan due to cash diplomacy and pressure from the United States. Nicaragua and China's decision was announced just as the U.S. held its summit for democracy. Taiwan was invited to attend the event while China was not. The exclusion of certain countries was criticized by Chinese and Russian diplomats as evidence of the United States cold war mentality. Next we look at the ongoing strike by student workers at Columbia University in the United States. Around 3,000 graduate and undergraduate students walked out on November 3 to demand better wages and labor protections. Organized by student workers of Columbia, this is the largest active strike in the U.S. right now. However, in an email sent out last week, the university informed students that their positions would be replaced if they continued striking beyond December 10. In response to this threat, striking students set up a major picket line and declared a shutdown on campus on December 8. They were joined by other labor unions including teamsters and students from New York University, City University of New York and Fordham University. Ahead of the fall semester, Columbia unilaterally cut down the lump sum stipend given to graduate workers from $10,600 to $2,600. According to the union, student workers are already paid up to $18,000 below an annual living wage in New York City. Meanwhile, Columbia ended its fiscal year with $150 million operating surplus. The union filed two charges of unfair labor practices against the University with National Labor Relations Board. Workers are demanding a minimum wage of $45,000 for first-year doctoral students on one-year appointments. They have also demanded a yearly pay increase of 3% and a $26 minimum wage for hourly workers. Other key demands include third-party arbitration for cases of discrimination and harassment and comprehensive healthcare coverage. And for our final story, we look at the worsening hunger crisis in Afghanistan. Around 22.8 million people in the country are at risk of facing life-threatening levels of food insecurity this winter. Out of this, 8.7 million people are nearing famine. The country is undergoing its worst drought in decades which has now hit 25 out of its 34 provinces. Groups in rural areas have been forced to give up cultivation and the wheat harvest is expected to be up to 25% below average. As compared to 2020, crisis levels of food shortage in Afghanistan grew by 30% in September and October this year. Eight groups have warned that the impending catastrophe could kill up to 1 million children by the end of 2021. The crisis in Afghanistan has steadily worsened since the Taliban seized power. The eight-dependent economy has collapsed after the World Bank and the IMF froze $1.5 billion in foreign funds under U.S. pressure. $9.5 billion in central government reserves have also been cut off. The lack of funds have severely impacted critical medical and public services. The World Bank's board has reportedly backed the transfer of $280 million in frozen funds to the World Food Programme and UNICEF. However, concerns remain about the potential exposure of the transactions to sanctions. Despite claims of humanitarian exemptions, sanctions and over-compliance by third parties have routinely restricted critical aid to countries. And that's all for today. For more such stories, visit our website at www.peoplesdispatch.org and follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Thank you for watching.


This study examined the vaccination status and risk factors for mortality in children admitted with complications of measles. It found that 47.8 percent of the children were unvaccinated, and those who were unvaccinated had a higher risk of death compared to those who were vaccinated. Additionally, malnourished children and those with encephalitis were more likely to die than those with pneumonia. This article was authored by Brekna Oryngzeb, Ariesh Fatmi, Ramana Waries, and others.


Service members who deal with PTSD and other sickness issues can participate in different classes at Naval medical facilities. One example is adaptive CrossFit. Today we are at the Fathom Adapted Strength Training Clinic at Fathom CrossFit. It's one of the clinics that we offer to our recovering service members in health and wellness. This clinic focuses not only on adapted programming, so if someone has an orthopedic injury, something that's preventing them from doing typical CrossFit programming, they're able to learn modifications and adaptations on how to do the program. This class creates a positive environment for the patients. We come to a gym that's off-base, which can be kind of challenging for some of the patients that we work with. They're struggling with either PTSD, Diabetes, depression, and hopefully we're fostering a safe positive environment for them to start working on some of the things they struggle with. Reporting from the Naval Medical Center San Diego, I'm Petty Officer Steven Hale.


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com here doing 2021 Break King's Premium Edition Soccer Hobby 3 Box Case Break, Random Letter Number 2. So 18 spots and everyone gets a random letter from the list below, we'll go by the player's first letter of his or her last name. If we pull a Killian Mbappe, they will go to the M spot for Barkley, wait, M spot for Mbappe. If we pull a Dominic Colvert Lewin, it will go to the C spot for Colvert slash Lewin. Any letter not represented on the list will be randomized to the group. If there are multiple hits, they'll be separated out and not randomized as one lot. So if we pull one that's not specified on here, that'll be the first hit on the randomizer of the names. If we pull two or three, the second one that we pull in order will go to the second name on the list. The third would go to the third name on the list, so on and so forth. But we'll see if that even comes up. In the meantime, here's that list of letters from A down to the combo spot, which we've copied and pasted here. And the name of customers from Brian down to Dmitri with the last spot mojo. Dice will randomize both lists and pair them up three and a six, nine times. For sure. From Leo down to Daniel. So nine times on the randomizer, nine times on the dice. Now nine times on the letters. Ninth and final time. P, H, nine times on the randomizer. There you go. So Leo Core with P, Brian Giddens, C, PJ McNeely, A, Daniel Katz, M, Robert Montgomery, G, PJ McNeely, R, Dmitri, E. Combo spot, Y, V, I, N, and O, and D. PJ McNeely with J, Marco Silva, F, Matthew Despard, L, Dmitri, W. PJ McNeely, K and B, Daniel Katz, S, Dmitri, T, and Daniel Katz with H. So let's sort that out by letter. There you go. So that's the randomizer. Now let's pop up in this case. Here is our case. Tiger, I'll be on until at least midnight. That's all based on how much we have to do if we're still busy or not. So midnight Pacific at the earliest is when I'll be going off, which is another two hours from now. If we stay busy and I can go on longer than that, then I will. You know I will. That just all depends on you guys. Here you go, guys. Good luck. Here's the final list as well. So first up is Frank Lampard for England, World Cup 2014 Prism, PSA 9 for L and Lampard, Matthew Despard, and Cristiano Ronaldo for 2018 Don Russ Optic, PSA 10. R for Ronaldo, PJ McNeely. Nice Ronaldo Juventus there from 2018 Optic. Messi, 2018 Prism World Cup Messi, PSA 10 for Daniel Katz in the M-spot. Very nice. We've got a non graded. It is Marcos Antonio from Top's Chrome Champions League, rookie. That is numbered to 299 for Antonio A, PJ McNeely. And you got Jaden Sancho, rated rookie, PSA 10 from 2018 Don Russ. Going to the S-spot, Daniel Katz, Sancho S. Another nice one there. From Top's Chrome, it's the guy. Killian Mbappe, 2017 Top's Chrome UEFA Champions League, PSA 9. Mbappe, M Daniel Katz. And we've got Daniel, Messi and Mbappe for you. Very nice Mbappe there. And box number three. Christian Polisic, select 2017 PSA 9 for the P-spot and Leo Kor. Nice Neymar, Jr. That is PSA 10 from 2018 Prism World Cup. Neymar, Jr. obviously is not the last name. Neymar is N, which is part of the combo spot and Dmitri. There you go. King Halland, Borussia Dortmund, UEFA Champions League from 2020 Top's Living Set, PSA 10 for H and Daniel Katz. Nice, another good young name to have on there. And there you go guys, that is the break. Last case we had, very nice stuff. That was 2021 Break King Premium Edition Soccer, hobby, three box case break, random letter number two from jaspyscasebreaks.com. I'm Sean, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Thanks for hanging out and we'll see you next time.


My name is Sam Miller. I'm 48. I've lived in India now for the last eight years. My name's Naisha. I'm 26 years old. I settled in India three years ago. My name is Jack Linoche. I'm from the Netherlands. I came to India two years ago. I moved with my husband to New Delhi. My name is Gilles Shuyen. I'm French and I've been living in Delhi now for the last 15 years. My name is Peter Kronschnabel. I'm the president of BMW in India. I'm since August 2006 in India and I'm originally from Munich, Germany. The image I had of India was the general idea. Like crowded, overcrowded, chaotic. Full of challenges. I'm sure the opposite from the world where I was coming from. I had no knowledge about everyday life, about the people. But my knowledge was about texts when I came. I came from a family who travelled around Europe but would never have considered going anywhere further. So if anything, it would have been India, Delhi, Delhi, dead country poverty. But beyond that I hadn't really thought about it. The first time that I came here when I was this young, I only can remember poor people living on the street and dogs who weren't fed well or weren't fed enough. That's sort of what I had in my memory. I'm basically a journalist. I worked as a Silesia correspondent for Dutch newspaper Telegraph Nederland. And then I was in the foreign desk in Nederland, in Amsterdam. So they sent me here. I originally came here as a sort of BBC journalist. We were newly married and I wanted to move here. I came here for a variety of different reasons. Professionally because I needed to change my job and wanted to do work on the ground in the environment sector and with a social enterprise. And personally I wanted to recently connect back with my roots and learn Hindi and experience India. I moved to India around, now it's going to be six years ago. And I actually came first to study. I did my MA in sociology from here. And then I just happened to stay back. From Lamjit's college I've done economic here. And while I was doing my study, I saw like in the newspaper these days also, India is growing up. So I thought I have seen the opportunity, the chance as a business. We wanted to do something different. We wanted to move to a country which is one of the developing countries, like China, Brazil, India. And in the end we chose for India. I got a job in the cultural section of the French Embassy in Tourangsebleau here for two years. And after that I stayed on because I decided to do a PhD about India. So I got a scholarship for that. India for me was an attractive place because it's where I was born and also somewhere that I've heard a lot about as a growing market. My mother thought I'd completely lost the plot. I mean India is somewhere she'd never dream of coming to even now. But I think more so as well because I was coming out to run a little camp in the middle of nowhere. We were overjoyed because we've been waiting for this for 15 or 20 years. There are very few jobs in India. And even this one we were told that we couldn't possibly come. They had someone else for the job. They cried and cried for about six weeks until the miracle happened and he was given the job. The people of India were a part of the tourism industry in the world. People came here to see its beauty, its culture, its culture and its ways of life. The people of India invited them to visit India and welcome them warmly.  They're taking India to their home and those people have been accepted. They have become part of our history, part of our culture, part of our civilization, so to speak. So that there is a degree of receptivity to other people's cultures. In the 16th century, up until the beginning of the colonial period, India was the richest place in the world. It had two harvests or the diamonds in the world, much of the gold, the spice trade, the textiles. And the Tudors came here not as part of some sort of aid project but because this is where the cash was. India had a brief period of poverty at the end of the colonial period and the beginning of the post-colonial period. Now it's reverting to its natural state at the centre of world trade. It's almost become trendy to come here. I think in the old days coming to India was like a huge decision. Why would you go there? And it's a bit unusual. Now everyone knows someone who knows someone who's gone to India. There are endless people, friends of friends of friends who get in touch and say, so and so, told me to get in touch with you. We're planning to come out wanting to find out more about it. It's built up a kind of steam of its own coming to live here. But in fact people come from a huge range of reasons. It could be because they're married to an Indian, it could be for business reasons and obviously there are so many more business people coming here. Others will come here for reasons, you know, they want to study yoga or they want to study Sanskrit or they're interested in Hinduism. They're interested in music and in dance. There's a whole range of sort of cultural traditions which still command an incredible amount of interest in the West. India is one of the fastest growing economies globally. And obviously if you look down the line the next 10, 15 years India will become one of the most important economies in the world. As a multinational if you're not present in India you all miss the boat, you have to be here right now. So there's a lot of focus on India. India is an attractive now site for investments of all sorts and it's much more obviously inexpensive to run a business establishment, to run a trade establishment and to run now of course educational centers of all kinds. Secondly I think the civic communities have improved dramatically so that housing is of high quality and roads are a little better and living conditions are generally agreeable compared to what they were a decade ago. And finally I think the most probably one of the most important attractions is the fact that there is a lot more to do so to speak. My parents left India when I was about three years old because for them the work environment was better. Job prospects were much safer there in the UK than they were in India at the time. We've actually done the reverse. We've come here with a three year old because the jobs prospects are better here in India than they were in London. The medical facilities are much better here. Schooling is of much higher quality in my opinion. I personally wanted to delve into the psyche and the philosophy and the spirituality in this country and then there's a side of it where as the older you get you get closer to your parents and grandparents so I wanted to learn the language and get back and get in touch so it made sense. We have bicycles, we have guides and then we ask people to come with us and we show them Old Delhi. It's a three hour tour and we show them the main places like monuments and the people, the places everybody knows. But mainly we also try to show them a small hidden place. The real nice small alleys, the places where people usually don't come because they don't know how to get there or they are a little bit scared. Just because I love the country, I love travelling in this country you meet incredible people, you see amazing sights. I find it fascinating and I just want to share that with people. Yes what I do fundamentally is sell holidays but I don't look at the bottom line, what I want to do is create an experience so that everybody who comes here goes back feeling like I do about the country. It's a fedrushni pani kitare. Girdhaya, Asmanse. Up ki taraf. Korgheri, Saams, Liji. Corporate are Sichurde. Studios in Delhi, in Saqeet and in Nassau-Dodin Cliffs. So I teach modern as well as like fusion when I work with professional dancers. I do shows with my own dance company called INSTEP. I do shows for corporate events. I teach in other institutions, I'm a guest faculty at the National School of Drama. I'm a foodie, you can say so. So I thought like let's try to do something in hospitality. And I found out that there were less bakeries and good place where you can have a good sandwich or a bread and that's why I decided to do something with that and in the end it became a bagel's café. In India, still Korean food is very, not the popular thing, it's true but what I found in India also the customer has a right and many people came from abroad or they already went abroad. So they know the real taste. So I should focus on more eventing, more Korean tea then we will grab the customer. You see so many more international brands coming up and international cuisines coming into Delhi and that's a good thing, I really like it. This country has changed in the three years. I've certainly been here as well. Just if you take small aspects like shopping, in 2007 I think there were a handful of malls in the suburb of the city where you'd have to go out, track out for one hour just to get there and you'd probably come across five or six big brands, international brands. Now the malls are all over the place, you can get everything from high-end luxury to day-to-day brands. So it changes, this city changes on a very regular basis and I think every year that I've been here it's becoming less and less of a hardship and more and more of a familiar place. There's now malls rather than just shops in Konok Place and Cannes Market but the kind of things that I love about this country, the culture, the calligraphy, the dance, the mysticism, the history, all the things that attract me are still there. It doesn't as if the old has been replaced by the new, it's just that a new layer has come like a concentric circles on a tree, it's more like that. One of the reasons for my wife to give labour here is because the hospitals are very good. There are a few private hospitals in Delhi and I found that the service was really good. It's very professional and actually I feel that it's better than in Holland. When we knew we were having a baby we thought about going back to the UK and then we realised that the healthcare here is much better. It's more patient-orientated, facilities are better, the hospital is much better than the one where we had our first child as well. So for us it was never really a decision to go back to the UK. I don't feel unsafe here, no. That's really a thing that is actually very positive living here. I didn't expect that I would feel so safe here. Actually more safe than I felt in Amsterdam sometimes. Physically I feel safer than I've ever felt in any other country. I've heard Bombay and other places are incredibly safe. I think I've thought about that once in a while because you're in DC, it's two o'clock in the morning and you do look over your shoulder and you don't go to certain parts of the town. Here I feel completely safe. I'll take an auto any time of day and I think a lot of it is due to the... Even though there is violence and there is urbanisation the values stick with people and so crime doesn't seem to be as prevalent here. I just think it's wonderful to be here now where instead of a kind of sealed off environment India is waking up and again taking full advantage of all of their resources, especially their people resources and moving ahead instead of, you know, they're very active with business and commerce and certainly in the computer field so I'm finding it to be a great time to be here because no one is sitting there saying I'm in a poor country, they're saying I'm in a country that's going somewhere. In India you've got the feeling that you're really living. They're very good days sometimes and they're sometimes really bad days but it makes it very interesting. And I really like the business vibe that is going on here. It's much more than in Holland, for instance. Most Western people come here and they expect India to run like the West and so they will have to be done in three weeks and if it's not they get very stressed but I was like three weeks, let's say six, it was done in five. I had the help of a great chartered accountant who works with quite a few expats here and knows the system so I left everything pretty much in his hands, turned up when I needed to turn up and it was done. So I came in kind of with a western, you know, mentality of just, you know, you set deadlines, you do things, you tell someone to do it, you expect it to be done and here it doesn't necessarily work that way. There are two things.  I strongly... At the end of the day I must say we all have a good team. We have formed in the company a great team of expatriates and locals and it's not about where you come from or who you are, it's more about I need your support in order to achieve the goal and we all need to work at a certain level in order to achieve our company's goal.  I mean, it's colourful in, like, colours. If you look around you see all colours of the rainbow but it's colourful of the cultures live here, colourful of different mindsets, colourful of... name it and it's here. I mean, everything you're looking for in life you can find in India. Well, it's a challenging place where to stay most definitely I think that's what's the beauty of it. It's a chaotic place and a noisy one but I think that's also what keeps your company throughout your day and whatever you never feel alone, like where I'm from it's like silence all over. The fact that there's so much around that you're never alone or isolated here that there will always be someone who knocks on your door whether it's neighbours who are popping in to see how you are that aspect I think is not something you get in the UK now. There's certain moments you have in India where they remind you that you're in India as opposed to just outside of your comfort zone and outside of home. So I had an experience back in October where I lost my bag with my money, my passport, my laptop, my everything, my entire life in a bag in an auto and a week later the auto driver called me up and returned it to me with every single penny I counted for and that was an experience that dramatically changed the way I understand India because it's what I've always heard growing up. It's a fun aspect of the Indian culture that we can probably take back because in Australia everything Indian is in fashion and Bollywood dancing classes were on offer even before I came to India but I thought no no, I'll do it, I'll learn it from the real expert. I moved into our house. We also did a puja and an opening and I have also a garnish at the entrance and I do believe in these kind of things. Actually I don't know if I really believe in it but I don't want to push luck so I also did of course a puja here where my shop opened and all things where my son was born and you know, yeah, yeah.  My pandemic told me I should go to a temple on a Thursday and do a little puja so I try and do that. We want our children to grow up here. They are born here, both of them. I have two children, one son, he's two and one daughter, she's four. We got married here in Goa. We want to have more children and we also want it to happen here. So no, my wife has her own business. I have my own business and it's just in the first phase so I want to make it big. I have my own business. I want to make this a huge success and as I told you it's like a concept another standalone restaurant so I really want to work on that and my husband also set up his own company in real estate last year so he's also just starting. So we'll definitely stay here for much longer time. Endless friendships, experiences places, memories that are on the whole fantastic. Life changing. I've spent the last 25 years either living here or spending a lot of time here and so it's become a major part of my life more than half my life and I've learned a great deal. To take back from India, the warmth, the colours, the generosity of the people, the helpful, the open-mindedness and last but not least and actually the most important thing for me I take lifetime friendship. I have a couple of good friends gained in India and I'm sure this will be this is a lifetime friendship. There's a hidden side of India that most people don't know and only when living here in India for long periods it's a treasure you'll find. So moving to another country that means maybe I find this treasure again but I have my doubts. I think India is a special thing which you cannot find in other countries around the world.  I feel a foreigner now when I'm in France when I'm in the West I mean I don't really relate I feel very much see this thing you know like it's also because of my PhD I read a lot about identity and being Indian what is being Indian you know like he's speaking sometimes when I speak to my friends here they feel you're more Indian than us so the package I mean the white skin and the body I mean it's nothing I noticed I started doing this really when I got an answer last month I was in Netherlands and my parents they asked me something and I said like maybe and they told me like Jack what are you doing you've become Indian when people write profiles of me they seem to think that I'm becoming Indian and I can't see it myself I was described as the only living Punjabi Scotsman the other day I was sitting back with all my chaapoi my roti and my parathas and achar and my goats yeah I feel Indian I feel I feel yeah I feel Indian I feel Indian Namaskar Namaskar How are you? How are you? I'm fine I can't explain it just feels like home I think everybody has some kind of internal feeling of home and for some reason India feels that way to me I feel that India is my home which is quite crazy but most people who know me like Indian friends here think it's probably due to past lives but when I've never felt settled anywhere even in the UK I've lived in Canada I've lived in Austria I've lived in France and yet as soon as I landed in India just over three years ago and I got to the jungle it was the first time I felt settled I didn't want to be rushing off anywhere and visiting and travelling I just feel at home From the 16th century up until the beginning of the colonial period India was the richest place in the world it had two harvests or the diamonds in the world much of the gold the spice trade the textiles and the tutors came here not as part of some sort of aid project but because this is where the cash was India had a brief period of poverty at the end of the colonial period and the beginning of the post-colonial period now is reverting to its natural state at the centre of world trade it's almost become trendy to come here I think in the old days coming to India was like a huge decision why would you go there and it's a bit unusual now everyone knows someone who knows someone who's gone to India it's built up a kind of steam of its own coming to live here but in fact people come from huge range of reasons it could be because they're married to an Indian it could be for business reasons and obviously there's so many more business people coming here others will come here for reasons you know they've studied they want to study yoga or they want to study Sanskrit or they're interested in Hinduism they're interested in music and in dance a whole range of sort of cultural traditions which still command an incredible amount of interest in the West India is one of the fastest growing economies globally and obviously if you look down the line the next 10-15 years India will become one of the most important economies in the world as a multinational if you're not present in India you will miss the boat you have to be here right now so a lot of there's a lot of focus on India I just think it's wonderful to be here now where instead of a kind of sealed off environment India is waking up and again taking full advantage of all of their resources especially their people resources and moving ahead instead of you know they're very active with business and commerce and certainly in the computer field so I'm finding it to be a great time to be here because no one's sitting there saying I'm in a poor country they're saying I'm in a country that's going somewhere my parents left India when I was about three years old because for them the work environment was better job prospects were much safer there in the UK than they were in India at the time we've actually done the reverse we've come here with a three-year-old because the jobs prospects are better here in India than they were in London the medical facilities are much better here schooling is of much higher quality in my opinion I love the country I love travelling in this country you meet incredible people you see amazing sights I find it fascinating and I just want to share that with people you know yes what I do fundamentally is sell holidays but I don't look at the bottom line what I want to do is create an experience so that everybody who comes here goes back feeling like I do about the country you see so many more international brands coming up and international cuisines coming into Delhi and that's a good thing I really like it this country has changed in the three years I've certainly been here as well just if you take small aspects like shopping in 2007 I think there were a handful of malls in the suburb of the city where you'd have to go out, track out for one hour just to get there then you'd probably come across five or six big brands, international brands now the malls are all over the place you can get everything from high-end luxury to day-to-day brands one of the reasons for my wife to give labour here is because the hospitals are very good there are a few private hospitals in Delhi and I found that the service was really good when we knew we were having a baby we thought about going back to the UK and then we realised that the healthcare here is much better, it's more patient-orientated facilities are better the hospital is much better than the one where we had our first child as well so for us it was never really a decision to go back to the UK I don't feel unsafe here, no that's really a thing that is actually very positive living here I didn't expect that I would feel so safe here actually more safe than I felt in Amsterdam sometimes but physically I feel safer than I've ever felt in any other country I've heard Bombay and other places are incredibly safe I think I've thought about that once in a while because you're in DC it's two o'clock in the morning and you do look over your shoulder and you don't go to certain parts of the town here I feel completely safe I'll take an auto any time of day life is a very colourful life full of challenges, opportunities and it's never boring I mean it's colourful like colours if you look around you see all colours of the rainbow but it's colourful of the culture that lives here colourful of different mindsets colourful of name it and it's here, everything you're looking for in life you can find it in here the fact that there's so much around that you're never alone or isolated here there will always be someone who knocks on your door whether it's neighbours who are popping in to see how you are that aspect I think is not something you get in the UK now when we moved into our house we also did a puja and an opening and I have also garnished the entrance and I do believe in these kind of things so I also did of course a puja here when my shop opened and all things when my son was born and you know, yeah, yeah it's a fun aspect of the Indian culture that we can probably take back because in Australia everything Indian is in fashion and Bollywood dancing classes were on offer even before I came to India but I thought no, no, I'll do it I'll learn it from the real experts When living here in India for a long period it's a treasure you'll find and moving to another country that means maybe I find this treasure again because I have my doubts I think India is a special thing which you cannot find in other countries around the world I take back from India the warmth, the colours, the generosity of the people the helpful, the open mindedness and last but not least and actually the most important thing for me I take lifetime friendship I have a couple of good friends gained in India and I'm sure this will be this is a lifetime friendship