Alright friends, so here is a very interesting question on fluid statics, so let us solve this one. So you can see the question is in front of your screen, so there is a YouTube section which is which is aligned like the way it is shown over here and inside it there is liquid alright total length of the liquid is 4L alright and yes the both sides the arm lengths are 3L the density is given as rho alright and it is given that the YouTube is going with acceleration A, so of course looking at the diagram you can find out that acceleration has to be in this direction, this acceleration is G fine okay, so now what happens is that the entire YouTube is abruptly stopped okay or you can say acceleration has become 0 maybe it is still moving with constant velocity but acceleration is 0 fine and they are asking us to find out what is the gauge pressure at the middle section of the bottom one fine, now over here we need to understand one thing is that when it is abruptly stopped the liquid will not remain like this fine, liquid will of course start accelerating along the YouTube right, so let us say it starts accelerating like this, so this side if let us say acceleration is A1 over this side also, acceleration is A1 only because liquid is incompressible it cannot be compressed that is what we are assuming here fine, so immediately after the acceleration it stops YouTube the liquid inside will accelerate fine, so there are two cases right, the case number one is when it is accelerating case number two is suddenly when it stops, so let us take these two points over here point number one and point number two okay, outside pressure is atmospheric, so I can write over here fine, now we know that how pressure varies with the height isn't it, so let us assume that this height is h1, this height is h2, so we can write down over here that P1 is equal to atmospheric pressure plus rho g h1 right and P2 will be equal to the atmospheric pressure plus rho g h2, this is for case when it is horizontally accelerating and the liquid is not moving inside the YouTube, liquid is maintaining this shape fine, so we can say that P2 minus P1 if we subtract we will get rho g h2 minus h1 fine, this is the one equation we can have and the second equation we know that if it is horizontally accelerating then pressure will vary horizontally as well fine and we also know according to Pascal's law that pressure in all directions are equal, so whether I talk about point number one and two vertically or horizontally I will be getting the same value, so let us take a cross section of this horizontal length like this okay, so from here this part will experience a force of let us say P1 into A of cross section A okay, from here it will experience P2 into A right, so simply we will be using the Newton's second law over here right, it is accelerating with acceleration of g, so I can say that P2A minus P1A this is the net force in the direction of acceleration, this is equal to mass which is rho A into length of the horizontal section, so rho A L is the mass, mass times acceleration which is g right, so I can have P2 minus P1 is equal to rho g into L alright, so I will name the bottom one as equation number two. Now, looking at equation number one and two P2 minus P1 left hand side is same, so I can say that H2 minus H1 is equal to L right, so this is the, so I am trying to find out basically what are the heights H1 and H2 because they will be needed for the second case right, based on the height H2 and H1 only this acceleration will be created okay and then total length is given to us total length is 4L, so total length should be H1 plus H2 plus the bottom length L this should be equal to 4L this was given to us, so H1 plus H2 is given to us as 3L right, so solving this one and that equation if you just add it up you will get H2 to be equal to 2L and H1 you will get it as L okay, so we have finally found out that what are the values of H1 and H2 okay, so this completes the case number one when the YouTube was accelerating with acceleration due to gravity now the acceleration has become 0 right, now what will happen, now if acceleration of the YouTube has become 0 the liquid will start moving like that fine, now you have to draw the free body diagram of three sections, two vertical sections and one horizontal section fine, so let us do that quickly, so this is the left hand side vertical section, this is the right hand side vertical section okay, so over here the pressure is atmospheric pressure, this is the atmospheric pressure from here again pressure in all directions are equal, so whether we talk about horizontal or vertical the pressure remains same, so P1A this will be P2A fine, this is PA force due to the atmospheric pressure the force will be down like this okay, now acceleration is like that, so this is let us say A1 and over here acceleration is like this A2 fine, so let us write down the equation of the vertical sections, so we can basically you know what I am doing here, I am trying to find out what is the acceleration of the liquid inside right, so that is why I am doing all of this okay, so for the left hand side we will have P1A minus atmospheric pressure force, this will be equal to the mass which is rho AL times A1 okay, on the right hand side we will have atmospheric pressure okay, wait sorry about it, so we have to account for the gravitational force also, so yeah it is quite common to miss some details, so over here there will be an mg force, m is what rho AL into g right over here there will be an atmospheric sorry the gravitational force as rho A, now length is 2L so 2L into g fine, so now let us write down the equations, so we have we have atmospheric sorry the P1A minus PA into A minus rho ALg this is equal to mass times acceleration rho AL into A right, so I will just simplify it further capital A will get cancelled away, so we will get P1 minus P0 which is PA actually, P1 minus PA is equal to rho LG plus A okay, this is our first equation or first and second are taken, so let us say this is our third equation, now for the right hand side vertical section you will have what, you will have atmospheric pressure force plus gravitational force which is rho A into 2L into g okay minus P2 into A this is equal to the mass times acceleration, now mass is rho A into 2L into A right, so again you can cancel out area of cross section over here, so that is gone now, so we have atmospheric pressure minus P2 this will be equal to rho into 2L into A minus g okay, so this you can say is my equation number 4 alright, now let us say what about the horizontal this thing, now when we draw the horizontal one our point of interest is this middle point what is the pressure over here right, so let us try to draw the free diagram for the middle section and see what we can do okay, so I have taken you can say this one is point number 3 middle 1, I have taken from 3 to 2 alright, so from 2 of course there will be a force due to the pressure P2A right, so this will be equal to P2 into A right over here pressure is let us say P into A okay, so I can write down over here equation now the thing is that it is accelerating also like that, so this is A1 right this one was A1 alright, so I can say that P2A minus PA should be equal to mass acceleration, now mass is rho A it is half of the length, so this is rho A L by 2 into A1 okay, so we will get over here P2 to be equal to P plus rho A L by 2 into A1 okay, now from equation number 4 P2 is also equal to the atmospheric pressure minus rho into 2L into A1 minus G okay, so using this equation the last one which we have found out using this equation you can get the value of the pressure P okay, now when we try to find out the pressure P it will have an expression of A1 also over here right, so we need to determine that as well alright, so in order to find out the value of A1 what we can do is that we can draw the entire free buoy diagram from 1 to 2 okay, so let us do that I will just create some space over here fine alright, so here is the entire 1 to 2 cross section right, so this is point number 1 this is point number 2, so you can have over here P1A force and over there you have P2A force fine and we have assumed that it was accelerating with A1 fine, so we can write down Newton's second law equation over here right, it will be P2A minus P1A okay, this is equal to mass time acceleration that is rho L into A A1 fine, so you will have P2 minus P1 is equal to rho A1 into L fine, this you can say is equation number 5 and from equation number 3 and 4 if you just add them up you will get P1 minus P2 to be equal to rho L G plus A1 plus rho into 2L A1 minus G okay, so now you have to solve equation number 5 and 6 you will get the value of A1 and if you solve it properly you will get acceleration A1 to be equal to G by 4 alright and once you know the acceleration of the fluid inside the manometer is G by 4, you have to pluck it over here alright, if you pluck it over there you will get the pressure P to be equal to the atmospheric pressure plus 1.375 rho GL fine and since in the question the gauge pressure is asked, so the answer is whatever total pressure you get you have to subtract P A from it, so answer is option number D alright, so this is the way you have to solve this question, now when you look back you feel that the question is very twisted and very lengthy as such, you know it is perfectly fine, yes the question is little lengthy but if you carefully analyze the way we have solved it, we have used nothing other than Newton's second law only to solve the entire question, so you need to understand that knowing a basics and applying it is enough to solve the most complicated types of questions also, so always focus on the basics try to solve the question from the you know basics or the first principle and yes make sure you practice well, bye for now.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. As wildfires continue to spread throughout the area, wind gusts are sweeping smoke into surrounding cities. Mountaintop spoke with public health director Tammy Riley to discuss the impact on residents who inhale the smoke. Wildfires release contaminants into the atmosphere and the environment like release of carbon monoxide, fine particulate matters, carbon dioxide. So there's more than just what you see and smell with the smoke. There's a risk with the top of contaminants that are released with wildfires. Those with pre-existing conditions such as COPD and asthma may be at risk for complications when inhaling smoke. Other factors such as flu season, RSV season and COVID could play a role in health complications relating to inhalation of smoke. There's quite a few respiratory viruses. We have widespread flu cases across the state of Kentucky. So we're starting to see that impact here in Pied County and there's been some high levels of RSV and, like I said, other respiratory. So those types of pre-existing conditions and acute viruses can certainly be exacerbated with the smoke. During wildfires, there's an increased number of people visiting the emergency room due to cardio and respiratory issues. It is advised that those with pre-existing conditions limit their time outdoors and try to avoid the smoke as much as possible. For Mountain Top News, I'm Kelsey Dean.


Hello, and welcome to Release Date Rewind. My name is Marc J. Parker, and I am a film lover, filmmaker, film celebrator. And normally this is an audio podcast, wherever you get your podcasts on your favorite apps. But thanks to Portland Media Center, you are about to watch the video component of this show where I celebrate movie anniversaries with my friends. Each month I usually talk about two different movies that I love with different friends, and we talk about the making of the movies, trivia, any fun memories associated with them. So I hope you enjoy, because now it's time to rewind. All right, everybody, it is a milestone episode for this podcast that celebrates milestone anniversaries. It's my 50th episode, so it's only fitting to go back to the start with a guest who was in my first episode talking about a Hitchcock movie. Everybody, welcome back, Jeff Bogayski. Hello, everybody. This is the 50th episode, yep. I know, isn't that crazy? Because as you remember, way back in the day when you were my very first guest, Jeff, we would talk about two movies in one. But it was a little like too fast, and I just thought, you know what, let me let it breathe a bit. We'll just talk about one movie each time, still two movies a month, which we'll see. So I'm like, oh my god, I'm so exhausted, I can't do another episode. But you know, this way we at least let the movies breathe, and you know, we have more time together. But yeah, you're back. And of course, listeners, if you just listened to our last one, all about wild things, Jeff was in that one as well. Such a fun episode. Thank you for that. And honestly, our discussion of wild things made me want to watch it yet again. Like, it was so much fun for me. So thank you. Exactly. I can't do it, though. Tariq won't let me. I don't think he'll let me watch it unless it's like another year from now. Yeah, he's like, please, God, spread him out, space it out. But it's rare when, after I talk about a movie or something for the show, I mean, obviously I love them all. But it's rare for me to like want to dive back in so quickly. But something about that one, I don't know. I'm just like letting my freak flag fly, and I just want to jump back into it, like watch with the deleted scenes, because I know that's like in a 4K Blu-ray or something out there. So anyway, so if you haven't listened, check out our Wild Things discussion that was last week. But now we are getting into the birds.  You did it. Congrats. I did it. Yes, thank you. Tell us, how was it? Was it painful? Was it horrible? Was it amazing? Yeah, I'll tell you some brief stories. Yeah, like it was very cold. It was probably the coldest race or coldest I've ever run by choice. Oh, God. It was probably like 30 degrees. It was, of course, it was started in Brooklyn. But the one thing, of course, I'm very excited. I got there in time and everything. But what happened is after I had my whole playlist ready to go, first song was ready for it by Taylor Swift. And immediately after that song played, I heard my earbuds died.  Oh my God. So I did freak out a little bit. But it's funny, you realize once you're in that home with everybody around and you're seeing all the sites, you don't need music. So I chilled out. I got through it. But I saw I heard one guy, he like ran by me and he had his phone on his arm and when you get blowing, I'm like, well, I can do that too, right? Yeah, he's going to be upset. Lest they have the same pace as me. So right. But yeah, I finished. I was what I did it in two hours and one minute, which was quicker than four years ago. Yeah, good for you. Because you were saying you thought you're going to be slower than the last time you ran. Exactly. I thought I was like, yeah. What was your previous time? Do you remember? Two hours and six minutes. Oh, wow. You beat it just by about five minutes. Oh my gosh, good for you. Because I know you were saying you weren't really like training too hard, right? Like you kind of were. Yeah, I was kind of half assing it a little bit. Yeah. I give it a better term. But no, it was a great day. And then we came home and the kids, Tariq and the kids were there to cheer me on.  I love that. And now I understand that you're the air pod. Because I feel like in the video, you're like, here, take them. Take them. Take them. I don't need them. And I didn't want to take them out because I'm like, of course, I'll lose them. You know, like just thinking about all the things that could go wrong. But no, the best part about the race is actually running on the Manhattan Bridge and then running through Times Square. That was really cool. Oh, fun. Oh, that's got to be so cool. And you know, one benefit of not having music playing in your ears is it was probably cool hearing, you know, the crowds along the way like cheering for you. Yeah, no, that was definitely, I could, I would probably do that again. You know, I just know running by yourself, I think is terrible without music. But in a race like that, I think it's perfect. Oh, that's so funny. I know I have one of those for my AirPods and my phone. I have like, I don't even know what it's called, but I got it a long time ago. Like it's like something where you just rest your phone on it. You don't have to plug it in. But I learned the hard way a few times. You got to really make sure it's charging because sometimes when you just put it on it, it's not like syncing correctly. Right, yeah, no. When I don't want everyone to think that I was not prepared. Actually, they were charged, but it was cold. It was so cold that they went dead because when I got home, I was like, let me just, you know, next to your phone that shows you how much energy they have or power they have. And it was at 75% or 90%. So, oh my gosh, it just was so cold. Oh my gosh. Well, that's like when it's so hot in the sun in the summer, your phone's like, take this phone out of the sun or it's going to explode. Right? Right, it is too hot. Now, what did you do after the half marathon? Did you like have a big meal? We came home and opened up bottles of champagne and got some mimosas. Oh, I love that. And very fitting for wild things. So, there you go. Yeah. You can make champagne theme going. Good, good. Right. That's great. Yeah, we kept our clothes on, unfortunately. Oh, okay, yeah.  You know, they're all older now, so. But no, that's so awesome, Jeff. Good for you and I'm so happy the kids got to see you and cheer you on. I'm sure they were so excited, right? Yeah, they're like, what is Baba doing? What is he, they call me Baba. So, I'm like, why is Baba, you're winning? I'm like, yes, I'm winning. I'm winning the race. Oh, I love it. Good for you. Well, that's awesome. Well, I definitely wanted to check in with you on that because, you know, it was kind of like a cliffhanger. Last time it was like, will he survive? Yes, will he actually be back for the next episode? We will see. And he's here. He made it. Now, let's rewind. Let's ignore all the cool stuff we're doing today. Let's go back a long time ago before you and I were born. Let's go back to 1963, 60 years ago, the 60th anniversary of the birds. March 28th, a little springtime horror thriller. I always like a nice springtime horror. We were just talking about Scream 6 and, you know, it's always fun when you got a good thrill as the start of spring, as things are heating up. So let me set the scene for you, Jeff. I'm going to tell you just a few quick little things. What was going on at this time? Some fun facts on the new side. JFK was our president, our youngest US president. And then, of course, sadly, he was assassinated later this year. So it wasn't our president for long. On the music side, Walk Like a Man by the Four Seasons was the number one song. I thought that was funny. Walk Like a Man. Frankie Valli, on the TV side, the Jetsons had just come to an end. I guess it was just like a one season wonder on ABC. But later it was revived in the 80s for a few seasons. But it had just come to an end. And I thought this was kind of fun. It was the first program in color on ABC. I guess a lot of stations still could not air in color. So this was the first one. So that had just come to an end and get this. General Hospital was about to premiere on TV April 1st, 1963. And I don't know, I think it's still on. Am I right? Do you know? I don't know. I think that that was one of those I never I was we were a all my children family. So yes, yeah, all my children was a big one. General Hospital, I feel like it's still on. But I could be wrong. I'll delete this if I'm wrong, because I don't want any haters out there going after me. You know, the soap the soap fans, if they hear a title, Whisper in the Wind, they're like, I have to be very careful. They're like Swifties. They had to be correct all the time. They were the original Swifties. They're the general hospice. I don't know. And then on the movie side, of course, the Birds was a big hit, very popular. But before that, another popular movie that came out just a few weeks prior was How the West Was One. That was a big deal at this time. Never saw it, but I know, you know, I know the title. But so, Jeff, I'm going to throw it over to you.  I'm it's pretty self-explanatory, but give me your own little short, you know, synopsis, a little summary of the birds. What is it about? Well, the birds is about a woman named Melanie Daniels, who has no job. Right. She's like this, like not Debbie Taunt. What do you call her? She's like a socialite. She feels like kind of like a 60s Paris Hilton or something. Right. Right. Yeah, so she she meets she meets a gentleman at a pet store and she kind of, you know, feels all the feels for him and basically chases him to where he lives, finds out where he lives, drives down the south coast to find him and to deliver these love birds.  But does she know that there are these birds that are about to just come slamming down on Bodega Bay? Oh, my God. And they do slam. They're banging into things, poking their heads and things. Yes. Oh, my gosh. You know, so, yeah, it's about her and her interactions with what is the same Mitch? Yeah, Mitch, Mitch, which he looks like such a Mitch. He's like the iconic Mitch, right? Yeah. Yeah. And his family, you know, they're around and basically, yeah, they're just getting wham, bam, thank you, ma'am, to buy these birds everywhere they go. And this was not the wham, bam, thank you, ma'am, that Melanie wanted. She was going for a different kind of adventure here. So funny, because I hadn't rewatched this in quite a while. It's been a long time, although, of course, this movie just lingers in mind for most people, right? That's so memorable. But I completely forgot. Yeah, she's going after this guy like she wants him bad. But like, why do you think? Because at first, I'm like, man, this girl must just not be happy with any of the guys in her life. She sees Mitch. She wants him right away. She's got to follow him two hours north. She's looking around. She's going to the store. Do you know Mitch? Where is this guy Mitch? You know, like, I need that D. She basically wants. But I'm thinking, I'm thinking, oh, is it also like a bit of like a a bit of a guilt thing? Because as we know, when she first meets him in that pet store, he does we learn that like he met her in or he didn't meet her. But he saw her in court. He's a lawyer, right? He saw her in court and she's she's gotten in trouble doing different things. She's in the gossip, you know, magazines or newspapers, you know, age six, totally like doing bad stuff. I guess she did a prank and broke something and he thinks she should be behind bars. So do you think, Jeff, on this latest rewatch when you saw it, do you feel like she is also driving to Bodega Bay to kind of like not only because she likes him, but because she kind of wants to like do good. She knows that like he actually thinks what she did was bad, whatever it was. We don't know the detail, some prank. You know, does she kind of want to make it up to him and kind of let him know that she actually does have a conscience? Or am I reading too much into it?  I never thought about it and never thought about that. Like it's kind of like like she's redeeming herself kind of thing. Exactly. Yeah. Is it a redemption thing?  Which I never knew love birds are green or are birds any birds? Yeah, there's different colors. Yeah, I actually have a love bird growing. I had one love bird growing up, which you're not supposed to have just one. But that's a long story. Oh, my gosh, I'm worried about you. I don't want some courage, some bird curse. That's funny. Of course, I love that you had a love bird. This is this makes this guest appearance even more special. I mean, the thing is, I don't have a ticket stub because I wasn't alive when I wasn't alive when that movie came out. So at least I have, yes, I have a definite feeling for this movie. Yes. Oh, my God, I forgot. Yeah, I was hoping you would show me your ticket stub, but that's not possible.  Right. I'm seventy five years old. I do actually take off the mask. I never thought about that. It could be. It's a new thing that I literally thought of today. I'm like, is she going up there? Because she because she knows that he wants to get these love birds for his sister, which Jeff, we need to talk about. He has an 11 year old sister. Seems like his parents, you know, had a little surprise, right? Right, right. Well, I love the fact that I I probably saw alien before I saw the birds. Yeah, and I remember watching the birds. I think I don't I cannot tell you when I saw this move for the first time probably in college or something. But I remember I'm like, oh, my God, is that no? Is that the woman from aliens or the navigator? And I, of course, like, do you remember that movie? Remember the navigator? I don't know if I've seen Flight of the Navigator. Who else is in now? Oh, I think Sarah Jessica Parker. Oh, no, I haven't seen that. I've heard of it. I know the title. Oh, my gosh. Marty, it was one of those movies that like just resonated with me. It's sci-fi.  But she was she was in that movie. So I'm like, this girl's face is so. Yes, she has such a memorable face, right? Yeah, I was going to say it's not iconic. It's not an iconic face, but like just could be. I mean, it's funny. I don't know her from Flight of the Navigator. But of course, I know her from alien like you and I know her from the Witches of Eastwick. She's really screaming and crying. Oh, that's right. Oh, yeah. She's more supporting. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. She's she's got some good horror sci-fi cred for sure. Veronica Cartwright. Yeah. It's fun to see her as a kid. Her face, yeah, has looked the same. It's amazing. It's the teeth. Yeah. And maybe also because in so many of these famous movies she's been in, she's crying and screaming that it's like she's always a crazy. She's always playing. Yeah, like a slightly unhinged, unhinged, perfect. Yes. Absolutely. Yeah. So that's his little sister, Cathy. But the people think it's Alice. It's what did I write? The shop owners like her. I'm pretty sure her name is Alice. And then it's like, no, it's like Lisa or something. And no, it's Cathy. Oh, no, Lois, Alice or Lois and then Cathy. So there you go. But yeah, I'm like, OK, you have an 11 year old sister. That is a twist that we did not really get much backstory about. But OK, I'll let it slide, you know? Because Rod Taylor. Jessica Tandy, right? Jessica Tandy, absolutely.  Oh my gosh, we're going to talk about all of the stairs in this movie because so many people are just they are just acting with their eyes. Tyra Banks would be so proud. They are smizing. They are glaring. They are all sorts of things. But but Rod Taylor plays Mitch and I looked up his end Tippi Hedren's ages and they were both 33, which I just feel like that's kind of always rare when the leads are the same age. But I'm like, wow, that guy's 33. And you know, we were just talking about how Matt Dylan was around 33 when he made Wild Things. And I'm like, he doesn't he seems older to me. Sorry. But Rod Taylor definitely seems older than 33. What do you think? Oh, yeah, I thought he could be pushed in like 45. Yes, he's like he had some gray hair. I would have thought he was 50. Totally.   So it's just funny. I mean, 60 years ago, 33 just just hit different. But no, very handsome guy. How do you do? My name is Alfred Hitchcock, and I would like to tell you about our good friends, the birds. That's the damage thing I ever saw. Birds just don't go around attacking people without no reason. Yes, they attack the children, attack them. What's the matter with all the birds? Let me now just kind of tell you where some of these stars and people were in the beginnings of this film and feel free, Jeff, to shout out, because I'm sure you know some of this stuff as well. So in case anyone doesn't know, this is based on the short story, The Birds by Daphne du Maurier, I believe. Is her last name? Is that how you pronounce it? That sounds nice. I think that's it. Maurier, I think, or Maurier, I don't know. But Daphne, we'll just call her Daphne because not enough people are named Daphne. So she wrote a short story as published in 1952. So about what is that, 11 years prior to the movie coming out. So it's interesting. And I don't know if you ever had ever heard this, Jeff, but I know they were thinking about doing a remake, of course, which even though this movie is so good, I'd be open to a remake. I don't know. I think it could be something. What do you think? Well, you're talking about the remake. You heard about the new Vertigo, right? Yes. Robert Downey, Jr.  You know, I know which that turns 25 later this year. That was in 98 as well. Yeah. Oh, yeah. That's right. Yeah. That was I saw that in the theater, too. So it's tough. It's tough, right? Like, if they're going to do it, they have to they should not do a shot by shot remake. I think that was like, no, that's, you know, that was that was not a great choice. Yeah. It could be fun. I'm actually it's hard. I don't know, because I saw Vertigo long, long ago. You know, I think I actually saw it for the first and only time at an outdoor screen in like Central Park years ago. And though I love seeing movies in a park, you know, but I feel like you can't see a movie for the first time in the park. So I kind of am a little my memory is a little foggy with Vertigo, which I know is terrible. I really need to watch it for real. So I don't know enough. I can't make a strong enough kind of decision about this. But it does feel a little weird to me like Robert Downey, Junior, do you think that's good casting? I don't know who else I would. I haven't really thought about who could feel that role. I mean, yeah, he's I haven't seen him, honestly, because I don't watch Marvel stuff. So I haven't seen him and he's only really done that. And so Iron Man things, right? But yeah, I don't know. And Jeff, did you see, speaking of remakes and speaking of Daphne, she also wrote the story Rebecca, which Alfred Hitchcock did, you know, about 20 something years before this. Did you see the Rebecca remake on Netflix with Armie Hammer? I thought that was pretty decent. What do you think? No, you didn't like it. OK. No, I didn't actually. Oh, and I didn't see it. I think, oh, was that did that come out during the cannibalism stuff? Or I don't remember. Remember, I know the cannibalism era. Oh, that came out like right before it. I think if I remember correctly, I feel like that came out. That was like his last movie before the news broke, if I remember correctly. So I remember at least watching it and not being creeped out by him. So I don't think it was just yet. Yeah. But I remember it looks very nice. I mean, it was a nice update, at least visually than the 1940 Hitchcock version, you know? Yeah. Yeah. So but I told you know what you mean, redoing, remaking Hitchcock is tricky. But something about the birds, I don't know, I could be open to it because what I was saying was. I don't know if you had heard this. This has been in the works for a long time. It's been rumored and buzzed about. But I feel like Naomi Watts, who's like the horror remake queen, right, was attached to a remake of the birds that was more closely aligned with the short story, because the short story, I've never read it. Have you read it? I haven't read it. No, I'm curious. I'd like to read it sometime and maybe get it at my local library. But it's set in the UK. It's in Cornwall, where Daphne was from, shortly after the Second World War. So different time period. It's on a farm, more rural, same, of course, same sort of thing, just lethal attacks from birds at random, no clear motive, you know, no clear reason. So, yeah, I don't know, I think because obviously, I mean, what works so well in Hitchcock's version of the story is, I mean, we're in San Francisco, then we're in this bodega bay. So we get some city, we get some beautiful coastal, you know, it's all very California, right? So it would be interesting to see a version that's maybe a little closer to the original vision of it being in Britain. So, yeah, I don't know. I'm open to seeing this again. I don't think it would be like sacrilegious, like Psycho was such a risk. I feel like the birds remake, if they ever do one, is a little bit, you know, less risky. Yeah, because that's, I think it was, I mean, if we're talking to Hitchcock, I think most people would say Psycho's probably like their number one on the list, right? So this one's kind of like maybe two or three. I think it's worth trying. Yeah, I do think it's worth trying. I'm curious, I just hope that if you do, they don't, one of the things I love, I'm sure we'll talk about this in a bit, but like I love the fact that there is no explanation and I hope that they keep that, you know, that there's no, we don't know why they're attacking. You like the no explanation. I don't want, you know, I like, I love the ambiguity. Yes. Okay, yes. Well, okay, I'll tell you a little later. I saw an interesting fun fact and maybe you did too about Hitchcock, specifically wanting it to be ambiguous. So I guess they maybe had more of a decision on why it was happening, but he wanted to cut it. Yeah, you know, I certainly don't mind the ambiguity. I do kind of wish, because I love, and I know we're jumping around a little bit, but we'll talk more about it in a bit, but I really do love the scene in the diner, in the restaurant where they're all talking and they're all trying to figure it out and you know, the cop's there and that's of course the hysterical mother is there with her kids, you know. It's just such a great scene. It makes me think of The Mist from, you know, however many years ago that was, right? It's very similar, but I do love all the kind of calm hysteria and all these theories and like all that stuff that I do kind of wish, because no one, I was watching that part closely, rewatching it this time. No one really has any clear hunch on what's going on with the birds. I know the older woman says, you know, oh, a year ago or something like, you know, some time ago birds got lost in the fog and then we're just attacking homes for just a day and then that, you know, so there was that, but I kind of wanted just someone, I don't know, maybe it's very 80s. I wanted someone to be like, well, you know, like a couple towns over there was that toxic spill or something, you know, but maybe I'm just getting, maybe that's like a good 20 years later or something. You know, that would be mentioned, you know. So yeah, I think a little hint of something I would have gotten a kick out of if there was just some hunch that I heard, but yeah, I mean, it's super, super spooky how these birds just strike at random and then they have these lulls where they're just around but not doing anything.  Yeah, well, I kept, I think during this viewing I was like, I thought to myself, is this only happening in Bodega Bay? Like, is this like a, are they doing it in other towns or would they have heard like a newscast or something about it? Oh yeah, that's interesting. Yeah. You know, like a bird that's everywhere. You know. I don't know. Is it super centralized or is it all over? Because apparently at the end of this short story, it becomes clear that it's all over the country. So, yeah. That's a little bit more obvious here. We're really not sure. Yeah, but so of course, so this movie's inspired by the short story and also I thought this was really interesting, Jeff. You probably saw this. It's also partly inspired by a real mass bird attack that happened on a seaside town in California in 1961, August 1961. So very, you know, soon before this film came out, this really did happen in California. I thought that was wild. Oh my gosh. I don't think I knew that. I did not know that. Yeah, it was in a seaside town of Capitola, California and residents awoke to a scene that seemed straight out of a horror movie. Hordes of seabirds were dive bombing their homes, crashing into cars and spewing half-digested anchovies onto lawns. Now that is terrifying. That's pretty nasty. We didn't even know anchovies. It is about the birds and their age-long relationship with man. It will be seen in theaters like this across the country. In my lecture, I hope to make you all aware of our good friends, the birds. I mean, I don't love pigeons and birds and the wings flapping always. And I'm the kind of guy where always when a bird is flying overhead, I always duck, even if it's actually like a good 20 feet. I'm always like, ugh, you know, so, oh yeah. And maybe this movie did that to us, you know? Because it might be this, right? Yeah, because you don't have to see Psycho to know the scariest, craziest twist, the shower. So you don't really have had, you haven't had to really see the birds to obviously just see a quick shot. And you're like, oh no, I get it. I understand what's going on here. You know, all the wings flapping. So we won't do any sound effects. And apparently the cause for that, it did come out later. It wasn't known back in the 60s. But I guess years later, they realized the cause for the bird's behavior in Capitola, California was toxic algae. That's what I mean about the toxic sludge or whatever. So I guess the birds were eating something and it went to their brains and, yeah. Cocaine bear, you know, everything goes back to cocaine bear. So right, what a great, yeah, what a great connection to cocaine bear, yeah. Maybe the birds got into some Californian drug company. And yeah, oh, I could see that. I could see that in a post-credits scene. There you go. After the credits, we realized, you know, it's kind of like contagion. Remember, contagion's so good at the very end. It goes in reverse and then the bat and all that and you know, COVID. All comes back to Gwyneth. Yes, always goes back to Gwyneth, which, I mean, we got to speaking of, well, she's having a moment. Can we talk, we have, this will be extra, right? This trial is like, I can't, I can't open. It's the funniest thing I've seen. I just, I can't stop watching it. Thanks so much for watching. Next week will be part two of this discussion. And in the meantime, please follow Release Date Rewind on Instagram.


More and more requirements from society and the robots are applied for different areas such as industrial robots, service robots, special purpose robots and so on. So robots are everywhere. We still need to do more research on the area. Then why do we really need to bring inspired robots? Because traditional robots can never be as clever as humans, can never be as flexible as humans, can never be humans' good friends because they are designed very differently. It is why we need to consider another direction. Then what is the opportunity? Because today the information science and the neuroscience get a good interaction. It inspires, brings inspired intelligence, which includes bring inspired robots. And this is a new direction for robotics research. First kind of robots is traditional robots. It has fixed sensors, fixed controller. It doesn't have good learning ability and it has mechanical and electronics and it has different supports. And the second kind of robots are self-learning robots. These kind of self-learning robots are designed for a particular task and these kind of self-learning robots is good in learning. However, they need a plenty of data and also they are not designed basically on human biological model. And the third kind of robots are bring inspired robots. They are designed basically on human biological model. They may have different skills such as their teacher, organ, animal and society. For this kind of bring inspired robots, if we consider about the organ for example, then we can consider the robot may have vision, motion, decision, some kind of this kind of model which corresponds to software. And also they may have hardware such as arm, hand, leg which corresponds to hardware. The core problem of bring inspired robots may have two parts. One is integration, another part is mechanical and electrical supports. For the integration, it may include sensory and motor transformation and also mechanical perception from different sources. We think that the third kind of robots can benefit from each other for different applications. First of all, we consider performance. We also need to consider about the price and the special applications. Then, what is the current situation of neural robotics in human brain project in Europe? The neural robotics is one part of the whole project and also neural robotics is one of six major platforms. In our work for the visual model of bring inspired robots, we introduce the membrane association and many other parts. And the model is performances by the current coordination performance. And also in our work in vision motion model of bring inspired robots, we consider the sensory and motor transformation and also some kind of collaboration by the cerebrum and we get the better performance for the system. The robot can achieve high precision and high speed at the same time. And also for the neural scientists, the robot right and the robot monkey are designed. The robot monkey right is used for the neural scientists to understand the social behavior of real right. And the robot monkey is used for the training for the monkey. And we think that bring inspired robot has a very wide application, have excellent performance. We also know that there are a lot of challenges such as which kind of model can be adopted for the robot and how it can be adopted to achieve the goal. And we think that bring science and information science interact with each other very well. Robotics get benefit from both areas and also get very good flexibility, very good intelligence to be humans good friends. And to be more general for many tasks is the dreams of robotics. It needs our efforts. Thank you.


Artificial neural networks, the way they work, it was really inspired by how the human brain works. You have a bunch of interconnected, you can call them neurons, that work together to remember and process information. It's generally made up of multiple layers, at least modern ones, but the concept itself is not really that new. It was first proposed in the late 19th century, and the first computer-based neural network was done in the 50s. As time went on, it would be popular in research, and then people would realize, at least in the 50s, that they didn't have the compute power to do it, so it would die off for a while. Then people started talking about it more in the 70s, and then it kind of died off for the same reason. The use of neural networks really didn't start taking off until we had the growth of, in particular, GPUs.


Hi everyone Thank you Thank you for attending our talk surviving from endless issue coming from 7,000 plus Kubernetes clusters First of all, I'm very excited to be here because it's my first time abroad In three years since COVID-19 pandemic My Korean name is Seogyong Hong, but you can call me just Dennis I'm a cloud native cell leader at Kakao developing a private cloud And I'm one here. I'm also from the South of South Korea I'm also working as a cloud engineer at Kakao Corporation First time in North America and Kupcon also for Kupcon as a speaker Hello Despite the enormous size of Kubernetes clusters, I believe many of us here do not know what company this is Kakao is the mobile life platform companies that serve messenger portal bank Mobility commerce webtoons and more We cannot say everything here. So if you're curious Visit kakao.com for more information One of the in common is that all of them are internet service that need a server as you can guess Most of the service in kakao are running in Kubernetes now We started our transfer from Apache messos to Kubernetes in 2080 and 99% was complete this year When we decide to use Kubernetes There are many concerns about how to provide Kubernetes to in-house developers the biggest consolation in adapting Kubernetes was Whether to provide a single Raji cluster as a tenant for namespace or provides separate clusters for each organization or service We consider various factors such as cluster management, resource efficiency security freedom of development extra In conclusion, we decide to provide lots of small clusters because isolation and security guarantees essential requirements for compliance So we developed our own private Kubernetes service to provide the Kubernetes cluster to in-house development that developers In a automated way It's called DK OS It only take it only take three steps to get a new Kubernetes clusters Login set cluster names and select region and done and this year We will create Kubernetes clusters not only in kakao's private clouds, but only a but also in public cloud such as AWS Delivering a Kubernetes cluster in automated Way while ensuring high isolation and freedom through self-service has a both Good news and bad news Good news is the number of Kubernetes clusters grow successfully and more than 7,000 plus clusters are operated Bad news is so did our own core issuer we have moved the Cloud successfully by delivering automated Kubernetes service this approach has advantage of it easily creating a Kubernetes clusters and meeting individual requirements But also has this advantage of being too easy to make one and causing various edge case and the growth of Operate operational cost is a barely manageable Let's talk about bad things further first too many clusters are not being used Developers made their cluster for production service Developing testing or whatever reasons the problem is that they do not delete Deleted even though their purpose is done it is okay if we have a Countless server in a data center with infinite space, but sadly we do not Some of my thing that then why just find them out and delete all of them first We do not expect our service growth this far. So we do not have use firm metadata metadata for this task Second determining whether this cluster is in use Programmetically is not an easy task for example the cluster use using less than 10% of CPU Could be a cluster not being used But also could be a production CDN service which just using less CPU and The cluster having no deployment could be unused cluster But also could be a cluster used by a bunch of custom resources The point is that we have exceptions for every criterion So we have to consider multiple factors The second problem is that we've got on core issues that are very manageable This is an example of our on core request. It basically said Good morning. Some of our parts are research pause are restarted at 5 a.m We've got notifications for that, but we don't know why so can you help us? That's the request we received and the reason can be anything starting from a Application bug to known Linux counter issues and we have to find out the reason from scratch every time What we did with this half year of 1000 plus on core data was conducting a research To be more specific we conducted research based on ground grounded theory Including open x year and selective coding techniques So one thing I want to share from this research is that is the fact that not all Developers do know where about Kubernetes For example, we all know that Using the container image tag latest could be caused unexpected version of container being run But this happened frequently and they asked us why some of their pods are running unexpectedly or using the host path host path to store some critical data something like myscare database and Creating new VM to scale up and ask us why their data is gone All these issues could be fixed just by saying hey, you have potential problem here you'd better fix it now, but the problem is Where we have a 7k plus clusters and it's never been a good idea to do it manually So what we need is someone or something other than us The rust problem is that we forget what we know after a few years Descripts show how we handle our issues When the issue can be handled by a user them them serves We just show manual or documents to handle by them serves if it is a Administrative request such as increasing quota or allowing public IP We just allow or disallow and the rest of things Processed automatically if the thing is known issue we will label it an instant if not we mark it as a problem When you find a reason for the problem we write some documents and share it with our last of uncle members But sharing knowledge or documenting is always a challenging task So at best after a few years we forget it and try to find reasons for once-known issues again Even though we have operational tours like chatbot and monitoring tours. This is not enough for these situations What we needed was a detection as a code to examine to examine Mertifactors for deleting clusters to let users know what could be a problem without human intelligence And to find the known issues automatically without waste of time So we made a detect show for detecting Kubernetes known issues which is an extensive problem detecting command line interface tool for Reliable reliable Kubernetes cluster operations and rapid problem detecting made by go and Thanks for taking photo of this, but I can show the link Yes, we open source it and you can find it on github.com slash cacao slash detect and This is how we use the tag Yeah Before starting the demo, this is our in-house service. So this demo will show a lot of Korean But don't worry. Opposite version of detect does not have single letter of a Korean and alphabet. So, yeah so this is our list of clusters that I can have access and we will use Cluster name Scottie Scott, which is my English name and Requesting a new analysis diagnosis running down you can see the result of diagnosis As you can see there's fater error and one things There's a part pod with no selium end points and service with no available pod which is detect server, you know and We can see the pod restarted frequently, which is 12,000 times Oh God and we have outdated TLS certifications Which is outdated 53 days ago Yeah, this what detect it and that's all it finds the known issues which Frequently happened and show say user to act something or With further automation we can do something Automatically that can handle by automatically. Sorry. No worries Yeah Detect has a pretty simple Internal structure from variety sources like Kubernetes, Prometheus, SSH or whatever can access Components core collector in detect try to get something like pod manifest deployment manifest Prometheus metrics and Infrastatus and Save it to in memory in memory key value storage in detect and Series of components called Detector try to find useful insights for us something like TLS Certification will be expired soon or some of pod restarted more than millions times Lastly final report is generated in a form of JSON or Yammer for further automation Or can be seen as an interactive form of HTML But both collector and detector components are extensible so you can add or remove whatever Rural suitable for your environment Now I show you a demo for creating new rules for detect let's say you are in a situation where deploying more than 10,000 parts Will kill you kill your control plane and want to detect to such Situation we are going to show how to add a new detector called No more than thousand ten thousand parts and this is my base code. Here's the reverse the clone the repository of detect and As you can see there's the directory called cases and detector what I just said And I'll make some detector rule called too many parts starting here type too many parts Some type hinting for VS code Implements this interface and you can see the detector Detector is consists of two methods, which is called game meta and do for doing it And In a game meta you can define some informative things in here something like ID to many pause description more than 10,000 part where if happen its labor will be worn and And it if happen Is something like we need some data from collector called pod list Which is type of pod list from current it is and yeah, that's the order the other thing do you need in game meta and To detect if there is actually there are more than 10,000 part You can type typing. I want to get some part list From context get collector Give me Paul list and you will get Paul list if error Are not handed this now and just returned Report which is which is has passed if Land of power is the items is less than 10,000 and doesn't return error. Yeah, that's the order All the things that you need to define a new detector and I will show it Currently in my laptop it have connected with Kubernetes which has Two walker nodes And our run this time Sorry Our run export our reports as HTML Yeah, and this is what you get as a research reports from the tech and as we just defined it there's a Rune saying too many parts and current state is everything is normal, but there's no informative Oh, sorry, I forget something Yeah To add some devolved information Description shop or pause data when Power list item generating report There's Rue court too many parts detect nothing and there's a total of 56 parts in this cluster And if there's more than 10,000 parts their labor will be warning and Ask user to delete some unused part immediately. Hopefully please Whatever Yeah, the tech has pretty simple structure as you saw just saying some meta and some rules to Define what is the problem you can do such a things like connect via connecting each node via SSH and check some counter parameters or Checking the container images from unknown registry or check wound killed pods Such a thing and Yes, that's our hope sorry Miss my scripts So I just saying something and yes, hope this helps Kubernetes users to use Kubernetes more effectively And thanks for coming and listening Yeah, that is done Any question here Yeah, hi, thanks. Thanks. Really good talk you guys I was wondering I took a look at the repo and there are Maybe half a dozen Six or seven ten detection rules or something in there Are you planning on publishing more detection rules because I'm sure you've got a lot from your operational experience Yeah, in in-house we have country more than 50 rules in their spot. Oh repeating the question he said if the There's currently a six detector rule in our public github repository and he asked me Did you have any plan to expand it? adding more rules for that and my answer is yes in in-house we have more than 50 rules for detectors, but Yeah, we don't have time to Evaluate whether is this fine to open source it or we have to Constrand it. Yeah, that is the decision problem. And yes, we have planned to add more rules in this year Hey, just good question. So for your scroll scripts since they're accessing some of those Kubernetes resources, are they deployed externally outside your cluster? And if so like how do you go about deploying it? Oh Sorry, my English is very poor. So can you speak more explicitly? Oh, I just I was just wondering if your goal scripts are deployed in like outside your cluster inside your cluster And if it is they'll play outside like Where are you deploying it? I guess so the question is that how you? Execute this script it needs to be deployed or it is a command line Thank you So is have you have deployed this externally or is it just a command line? All we need is coupe config prior to access the command in his cluster. Oh Oh That's not enough for distance. Oh, you can do it in internally and externally Yeah Where we just show the demo which is out of cluster and we can we already deployed is as Container so you can deploy in your pod and there's example in our github repository So, yeah One of the challenges we have with many clusters is handling upgrades like Kubernetes upgrades How do you manage that with so many clusters? where we also made API for that and We already made some live upgrade solution for this and We share it in Korean, but we are not yet sure we are not yet opened in English. So sorry Sorry Giddles no We cannot handle it giddles things. We even cannot use a cluster API since our cluster has more than 7k plus Question here How do you run those scripts? It's unnecessary that runs the the scripts or it can be the developer that Knows to go to that site and run the scripts. Do you have a website to run those scripts? Can somebody else replace this Sorry Who execute these scripts is a for developer or ops or is it a schedule? We do not explicitly separate those rules. So Developers deploy their Manifest we just checking if there's the problem, but before the problem. We don't know nothing and That could be your answer I Don't want to wake up at 5 a.m. This is purpose for Before asking me just try this. This is its purpose Hey Thank you for that great talk. I have a few Christians about the seven thousand clusters. So Are all those clusters created by your developers for developing and testing? How many developers do you have like you are using those seven thousand? Clusters and how many cluster do you use actually in production services? One thing I can only say in here is that there's more cluster than our developers That's the only thing I can say now, sorry how many I think he said that there are more clusters than the developers He cannot disclose the numbers. That's what he's saying So I have a question So to execute this What kind of permission require for a developer or the operation guy because you are seriously doing some Inside information from the pod as well as a system So it requires admin access how the developer can use this whether they have sufficient access to the cluster or not So, yes, you're asking me how the police to access the close no no is that what? access require for executing this oh or We we have About three thousand developers in company and Access one cluster access developer about ten Ten to three No, my question is sorry. Let me repeat my question is that to execute this is developer require admin access or Developer will work on its own namespace Yes, we separate to all cluster so cluster user is Gain all namespace access Are you using bare metal or virtual machines for on-premise? We have our virtual machine solutions based on open stack. Okay. Any bare metal or just all virtual machines Combined Okay What was it like working the other week during that outage? two weeks ago With your data center issue or you guys were down for a couple days or no Do you have outages and Do you have outages on your data centers or on clusters? We pretty much not want to say Yeah, we have fire on they are data fans database Maybe last week Yeah, last week we very PG We were very busy last week, and I'm pretty much sure I'm still asleep. I want some sleep Yeah Thank you everyone for coming. Thanks


Number seven, find out what type of learner you are and find resources that fit your style. So there are three types of learners, auditory, visual, and then the kinetic ones, the ones that need the hand on. So if you're an auditory learner, maybe you need to ask your professor, can I record the lecture? If you're a visual learner, make sure that you find maybe YouTube video resources, including Nursing School Explained, that help you to understand the material. If you are a hands-on learner and you are currently practicing your physical assessments, well do that, perform these physical assessments, practice with your hands on. And some of us or many of us have learning styles that are a combination of these three. So see what works best for you and there are some online tools, quick questionnaires that you can take to find out what type of learner you are so that you can use the resources that are there for you to their best ability to really help you.


So Adam, I hope you're still within that 30-day return policy on the new Lambo because Bitcoin has crashed almost 40% since December 17th high. Is there any hope for those of you who may be holding out there? So times are definitely tough. I've had to sell the tires to keep myself going, and the second mortgage I took out to buy even more Bitcoin isn't looking so great. But there is hope, and that's because Bitcoin has dropped every January for the last four years. Yeah, it equals four is not a great sample size, but it is true that it has dropped every January in the last four years. It's kind of funny because it relates to something we see in the US markets called the January effect, where usually prices will drop or rise in January based on how people are choosing to realize capital gains tax. It's possible that people have simply deferred these taxes to January because it's a bit harder to get your money out of the Bitcoin markets. Now the interesting thing also could be the Lunar New Year. So Lunar New Year occurs in Asian markets around January timeframe, and because of that people could be converted their money into fiat currency in order to buy gifts. Yes, I think we can safely say that we have passed the absolute top of the hype cycle when it comes to Bitcoin. For that reason, we kind of want to take a step back in this segment and focus on the underlying technology, i.e. the blockchain. Now there was this really interesting article that appeared in New York Times a few days ago by Stephen Johnson called Beyond the Bitcoin Bubble, where he looked at the blockchain and tried to figure out, are we going to see useful consumer applications arriving anytime soon? Now in his mind, the blockchain can essentially be thought of as a way to securely transfer information around the internet. This could swell trouble for a company that has a proprietary database or a platform where they're controlling all sorts of information storage and transfer, and now this could be democratized through the blockchain. Yeah, you know, everybody thinks of blockchain as being a cryptocurrency and they think of Bitcoin and becoming a millionaire as we sort of joked about, but the reality of this situation is most people heavily involved in this technology really just see it as a way to transfer information. They actually hearken back to the early days of the internet, where the internet was very open and was based on these protocols that were generally agreed upon by everyone, and there wasn't a real central authority like you see today. So a lot of what you see supported in this article goes back again to this more libertarian style thinking where we want an open and free internet without a lot of large corporate influence. Yes, the author spends a lot of time early on in this article kind of talking about the troubles that he sees the internet falling into today, so things like smartphone addiction and how prominent inventors of the internet like Tim Berners-Lee, for example, have come out and said this wasn't supposed to be how it turned out. One particular example Johnson cites is in media, where he says the dawn of the internet was supposed to be a new era of media where we'd have small egalitarian outlets with niche audiences, everyone would have great content they could find, but that really hasn't happened. Now, I think there's one thing that we kind of have to think about here where we see is the way that media has turned out due to the protocols that were invented by people like Berners-Lee or is it simply due to market forces, but regardless of protocols, it would have turned out the way it did. And in the media example, I think the reason we don't have lots and lots of really small successful outlets is because users don't necessarily want them. You know, when you read media, when you read an article from New York Times, you kind of want to talk about it with your friends. And for that reason, I think it's kind of a natural market dynamic that you would end up with large outlets rather than a bunch of small ones. So for me, I was a little skeptical about this guy's nostalgia when it came to the calls of the internet. I think a lot of attack giants that are around today have risen because of market demand and because consumers want them, not because anything was really wrong with the original protocols of the internet. Yeah, I agree with the author that the open protocols of the early internet were absolutely fundamental to the internet we have today. I think where we probably differ is on some of the nostalgia about the early internet. If you think about it, it was really similar to the community you might see in somewhere like Hacker News, but if you opened up the internet in that way today, you get 4chan. And that's something that not everyone wants. So let's take a step back though and think about a really concrete example of having one of these blockchain protocols in use today. So the example the author gives is of a transit protocol, the idea being you have a transit identifier, you tell the system you're here, you want to go there, and this effectively could replace a system like Uber where you have a centralized control for this type of information. Yes, and I think one of the key points of the author says about the blockchain is that any time you have a large proprietary internet platform, this could potentially be democratized on blockchain with Uber being a prime example. So within this transit protocol, you'd have all kinds of things. You'd have a way to store driver details and information, writer information, mapping systems, ways to connect drivers and riders, billing, all that kind of stuff will be included in this transit protocol and the way to incentivize people to use it and to work on it would be through tokens like a Bitcoin. Yes, so the idea behind tokens is that it would be mined very similar to a Bitcoin as mine. Now, with all blockchain technologies, the early adopters of this would receive more tokens than the later adopters incentivizing a network effect. Now, this has traditionally been seen as the advantage of something like Uber, so perhaps with these network effects being created very dynamically, you perhaps could get a challenger that came out of this protocol rather quickly. Now, from my perspective, I don't think this is going to change all that much because I kind of see it as one protocol is going to be much better than the others. It's going to dominate the marketplace and pretty soon, it's going to be the way that we decide to use transit. And so because of that, I kind of see it as we're going to swap out the centralization of Uber for the centralization of some protocol that happens to control the transit information. Right. You essentially have the value of the tokens that are being distributed as the thing that is driving the creation of network effect rather than Uber's method, which was just to pour billions of dollars of venture capital money into it and get users that way. I think there are a lot of issues when you start moving beyond the kind of infrastructural layer of a blockchain to this app layer, which essentially a right-sharing system would be. Specifically, how do you reward people for certain amounts of work where it's not immediately obvious what the value of the work potentially is? Like, let's say you came up with an amazing improvement to the transit protocol, which increased right-sharing efficiency by 10%. This could be a billion-dollar innovation, perhaps way more than that. But you need kind of the governance in place to actually value that work and give a developer proper credit, which I think is slightly problematic now because these blockchain systems don't have this kind of governance. The other main issue I really see coming down the pipe is when people use a service and something goes wrong, they want somebody to sue.  Yeah, that's a great point, Adam. I do not know who you hold accountable if your automated driver using the transit protocol decides to head off a cliff. We'll need somebody to be held liable and we probably won't have that with the type of protocol the author suggests. Now, one interesting thing that the author left out is the idea of smart contracts. That's being used today in a platform like Ethereum where you can actually set up these contracts which in a certain event happens, will automatically trigger. Now, these could be really useful because you can imagine some sort of insurance for other types of blockchains provided by smart contracts. Now, there are some issues with delineating all of those individual situations and of course that sounds a lot like centralization to me. Yes, I think the author's thesis that the blockchain is going to bring back the return of the original goals of the internet is perhaps a little outlandish. But I think he portrays this really interesting potential future whereby consumer apps are built on top of the blockchain and maybe it displays for tech platforms like Uber we've come to know and use all the time today. I think the main advantage of this would not be in terms of user experience because I think in many ways that would stay pretty much exactly the same. I think the main advantage is in the eyes of developers who instead of working for somebody like Apple where a large share of the utility generated from your work is being consumed by Apple, you would instead be paid in these tokens where you would receive a much greater portion of the value that's being generated. To wrap it up, I think Adam and I both agree there are lots of interesting applications of the blockchain that might be in the near future. But this idea of decentralization is probably not going to happen. There'll still be a lot of central authority even with a technology like the blockchain. Of course, there are some uses of the blockchain today like drug money. So for our next book, we'll be covering American Kingpin by Nick Bilton which covers the history of the Silk Road and obviously one of the early adopters of Bitcoin. Thanks for watching. Make sure to subscribe on YouTube and we'll see you next time.


To remove bulk, you're going to take your razor, lay it on the hair, lay them on a pressure, and come down and remove bulk. So I mean, if everybody gets set up for your creative hut, it's a pretty amazing transition to watch the confidence and the knowledge and just watching them even like doing haircuts like this, the confidence that they have to be able to do a haircut now compared to when they started in January. The hands-on experience is probably one of my most favorites here. I usually struggle with sitting in just a lecture room for hours, just listening to someone talk and then just having to write notes. So in this way, they balance it out evenly. It's so awesome to watch a student transform. They come in knowing they want to be a cosmetologist. They learn a lot in the first eight weeks and then they start out in the salon and start building by working on clients and they just gain a ton of confidence by the time they leave. They're ready to work in a salon. I feel a lot more confident. I, well, I obviously had no idea what I was doing when I first started, so, but the teachers definitely, well, they're amazing. Like, they walk you through each step of the way. It's just fun because it's very hands-on and we get to do what we want to do almost right away. It's good practice. It's just a good program. I am going to a salon that my mom owns in the West Bend area.  It's really neat to see them grow. It's just great real-world experience for them. The first time we ever worked on an actual client, I probably have never been more scared in my life and then, I mean, now I feel confident. I want to do it. I look forward to doing it. So it's just, I feel really prepared for my future.