Next, we have one of our home University of Utah students. He's been working with the retina group some, and he's Amit Subhash, and he's going to be presenting on autoimmune retinopathy in a herologiae. Thank you, Julia. My name is Amit Subhash, as she mentioned. I would like to point out that Taylor and I did not work together despite our backgrounds being identical. We're going to be talking about autoimmune retinopathy today. We'll start out with what prompted this discussion with a case, Mr. B, 51-year-old male who presented initially in 2014 for evaluation of scatoma. At that time, he presented stating that he noticed about five months ago that he just had his blind spot in the center of his vision of his left eye. It was gradual non-set and he stated it was just gradually harder to read. He described it as a gray circle around the very center of his vision. He stated that color seemed to be duller in the left when compared to the right. However, his right eye felt totally normal. At that time, his visual acuity was 2016 the left, 2020 in the right. His exam was otherwise normal and he was eventually referred to retina given his persistent complaints. With the retina team, this was later in 2014, he had an OCT, auto fluorescence, visual fields, everything was normal. He did have an ERG that came back abnormal, was followed up with an FF ERG that was stated to be abnormal as well. The patient was thought to have a cone rod dystrophy and six months later, he came back with subjective worsening of his vision. His visual acuity continued to correct in 2020. However, Dr. Bernstein noted atypical progressive cone degeneration with the normal fundus. Autoimmune retinopathy popped up on his differential and he happened to send blood samples to Oregon, to OHSU to detect the presence of antiretinal antibodies. So we'll start out with definitionally what is autoimmune retinopathy. It's an inflammatory mediated retinopathy. It's characterized by vision loss, scatomas, visual field deficits, photoreceptor dysfunction, and the presence of circulating antiretinal antibodies. It generally can be broken down into two categories, perineoplastic and non-perineoplastic. The perineoplastic category can be further broken down into cancer-associated retinopathy, or CAR and melanoma, oh, that's a type of melanoma, associated retinopathy. This phenomenon was actually first described in 1976 by Sawyer at all. They described vision loss and photoreceptor dysfunction associated with cancer. For the purposes of this talk, I focused a little bit more on non-perineoplastic retinopathy, so just to give you that kind of preface. As far as epidemiology, the prevalence of the disease is actually currently unknown. Some groups estimate that it constitutes less than 1% of all ocular immunology cases. However, as with many things, I think we often find that these estimates are under the true values just because we lack the diagnostic capabilities or diagnostic standards to make the call. And so, due to that lack of standardization, I suspect that the prevalence is probably higher. And beyond that, clinical features of disease kind of overlap with a lot of other diseases, so it's difficult to tease out. Like many other autoimmune diseases, there's a predominance of females affected by autoimmune retinopathy. As far as signs and symptoms, patients will often present with things like subacute vision loss, scutomas, photopsia, nyctalopia, photoeversion, dyschromotopsia. Visual acuity generally remains good in early stages of the disease. On exam, the funnest is generally unremarkable. Some literature has shown that patients can have a portfolio reflex. The disease is usually bilateral, but it can be asymmetric. A typical patient presentation would be a woman in her 50s or 60s. No history of visual problems prior to onset of photopsia. Presence of scutoma and no family history of things like RP. And here, so on the left here, this figure just shows what I was mentioning previously about a portfolio reflex. Other groups have described funnest autofluorescence in patients, revealing the sort of outer ring of hyperpigmentation or hyperautofluorescence. And you can clearly see that with arrow sign over here. And additionally, there's been some suggestion that OCTs may have loss of inner segment, outer segment, loss of the inner segment, outer segment, junction with preservation of the phobia. And once again, that's demonstrated with the arrows here. As far as the pathophysiology, so autoimmune retinopathy, it's thought to be triggered by molecular mimicry between tumor antigens and retinal proteins. There's two major antigenic retinal proteins that are currently described, well described in literature, recovering, which is a calcium binding protein in photoreceptor cells and alpha enolase, which is a glycolytic enzyme that's present in many non-retinal tissues, as well as retinal tissues that's a magnesium binding protein and is a transcription factor in DNA synthesis and whatnot. It's possible that the non-perineoplastic forms of the disease may also be triggered by a cross reaction between retinal proteins and presumed viral or bacterial proteins. Recoverant, although it's most commonly described as being associated with a cancer-associated retinopathy, it can also be present in non-perineoplastic forms of autoimmune retinopathy as well. And alpha enolase has been shown to have the same kind of properties as recoverant as far as being present in both perineoplastic and non-perineoplastic forms. As far as how to make the diagnosis, there's actually no, as I was mentioning earlier, there's no current gold standard. However, a paper in 2014 kind of suggested that we have these proposed essential for major criteria, no evidence of malignancy after a thorough workup, no evidence of degenerative eye disease such as RP, a positive screen for serum antiretinal antibodies and abnormalities in ERG findings with or without visual field abnormalities. Some additional supportive criteria are just kind of those signs that patients or symptoms that patients may describe, things that I had already mentioned for topsy, scatoma, and myctolopia, et cetera. Currently, the only commercial testing is available at OHSU, which is why we had sent our patients blood work to OHSU. Dr. Bernstein and Dr. Shakur have joked on many occasion that we should be receiving some sort of financial compensation for keeping their institution afloat with the number of tests we've been sending to them. As far as treatment, for the perineoplastic autoimmune retinopathy, essentially identifying a primary malignancy with CT scans, and then following that up with whatever the indicated cancer treatment would be, whether it be chemo, radiation, et cetera. For non-perineoplastic forms, generally speaking, we're looking at immunosuppressive therapies at this point in time, so systemic or local steroids, IVIG, plasma pharesis. Therapy's not been shown to be very useful once widespread retinal degeneration has occurred, and there's some literature that suggests that cytoreductive surgery, or just a debulking, may have some benefit in specifically the melanoma associated retinopathy. As for our patient, he is currently on a, so he had CT scans that were performed of his abdomen and chest, everything came back negative. He's presumed to have a, I should say that his blood work came back positive. Western blot was positive, and immunohistochemical staining was positive. With regard to the Western blot testing, given the nature of looking for bands at specific kill adultins, we know that the testing itself is not very specific, but kind of backed up by IHC staining. We're pretty confident that the patient does have a non-perineoplastic form of autoimmune retinopathy, and he's been initiated on a prolonged prednisone taper that's supposed to be followed up with a celseph and later with cyclosporin, so essentially going the immunosuppressive route. The current research for autoimmune retinopathy is focused around establishing better diagnostic standards. There is some suggestion that eyes with autoimmune retinopathy have loss of retinal tissue when compared to eyes without known ocular pathology, specifically in the RPE, so it's possible that therapeutic options could be targeted towards that in the future. However, one of the biggest challenges at the moment is identifying biomarkers for what patients may or may not respond well to, for example, our immunosuppressive regimen, and here are my references, that's all I have for you today. I'd like to say thank you to Dr. Bernstein, Dr. Shakur in any questions. Does not, do they do not? Around $700, is that right? 850. So as far as our patient, I know that we were looking, it's basically whole body CT scans is what I gathered, essentially looking for a primary malignancy. We did, from what I gathered from our patient, it was essentially chest CT, abdomen, pelvis, CT, those all came back negative, skin.


And I'd like to welcome you to the student takeover. Basically, we're just going to give you a bit of a glimpse into the stuff we've been doing as other activities aside from just classwork and things like that. And the stuff you can join and how you guys can get involved. So my name is Anna, and I'm a first year in the creative media production program for my bachelor's. And I'm also in the student council working as the media communications officer. Hi, everyone. I'm Selena. I will be with Anna moderating today's takeover. I also will say first a little bit about me. I'm studying my first year of master's degree in fine art. And I'm a social media ambassador for Pratt College. So yeah, if you ever want to share something through our social media channels, feel free to contact me or Sky. I will talk about her in a little bit. We want to start by introducing everyone so you get to know us. And if you have any questions by the end, you know who to reach out. So yeah. So I will start with Melving.  So Melving here, he's the founder and creative director of Agora Magazine. He's studying the VA in graphic design. Then we have Mirna. She's Mirna's editor-in-chief from Bosnia. She studies BSc computing. Then we have Stania, social media manager from She's from the Czech Republic. She's studying her VA in graphic design. Then we have Senya. She's second year of Fine Art Experimental Media Program. She's the lead of Art Society and she's student council member. Then we have Art. He's the president and head of gaming society, second year bachelor student in IT. Then we have Skye. She's music society leader. She's also social media ambassador with me. And she's studying MA future design. And yeah, we also, yeah, I think that's, I say all of us. So yeah, so just, we're just a bunch of students participating on school activities and anything. You need guys any questions or, you know, we will be now like talking about all the different things we do, but just don't, don't doubt to reach out or just pop your question on the chat. So anyway, we'll like, I think guys, let's start everyone to just say a little bit what you are working, working on. We'll start with the student council insight presentation. All right, I believe that is my cue. Exactly. With that, allow me to take the floor. Again, hello, Art, School of Media and IT, specifically IT, second year student council president and head of gaming society. Hi, it's me. Not she, by the way, he. Thank you very much. Selena. Yeah, so student council, we are essentially students who are doing extracurricular extracurricular activities for the school, such as organizing events and various social media things and things of that sort. For example, during the last semester, we helped organize the welcoming party as well as the Halloween party.  And yeah, in addition to that, we also technically oversee the societies, although to be honest, I'm just content to let societies do their thing. And we have, of course, myself from gaming society. We have Rania from the art society and Skai from the music society. More on that will be later. And yeah, I believe Anna will take over the next part about the socials of the student council. So just to carry on what Art just told you guys, we have a bunch of social media where we try and basically spotlight what the students have been doing and what you've been up to and stuff like that. And as he mentioned, we've got now a discord server. So we're trying to do a bit more hangout since we're all stuck indoors and stuff like that and make it a bit more interactive so we can actually get to know each other because most of us have not seen each other at all since we started university. So we're trying very hard to make it a more interactive place where all the students can kind of make new friends and hang out outside of just Zoom classes and whatnot. And we've got a Facebook, I'll just share it now. We've got here a Facebook where we just kind of post what's going on and whatever events or new posts or blog posts which Sky also does about music playlists which our students curate and also then the Instagram, so same kind of thing for our announcements and the new discord server. And I'll put the links down in the chat as well. All right, I think with that, we can move on to the next item on the list, namely Sky because we did mention on the societies and music society has been by far the most active out of them all and Sky herself, the head is present. And I think Sky has something to say about the society she now leads. Yeah, Sky, take it away. Hello, I'm Sky and I joined the Prague College only a few months ago in September, October, what was it? So, well, I was going to start here in Prague. So I moved to Prague in the summer and I don't know anyone here except for my boyfriend, like there's no friends here. So I thought, well, my classmates are only seven of which most still are not in the Czech Republic at all. And all I thought was like, I need some contacts, I need some friends, I need some like, I don't know, I'm quite a social person. So, well, I took the first opportunity I saw which was the student council. And well, I got really excited from what they were telling, like just people organizing stuff. They thought, okay, well, cool, I'll join that. And so, from joining that, I got an email and it was about the societies asking like, so who would be up for leading some society? And there was the music society and I love music and I've been playing music already since a long time. So I thought, oh yeah, why not? So I kind of joined that too. Well, that kind of was really a fun experience. And we actually, I got to do a few fun stuff with a group of like around 10 people who joined the music society. And we actually gave it a name, it's called Unmute Now which kind of comes from this digital experience. And yeah, it's been a bit, yeah, like when you think of music society, I kind of think that all these musicians would come together, right? Or at least like people play guitar or sing and you would come together and make music. But since we cannot actually come together, it was kind of a challenge to figure out like how we're going to make this work. And well, I guess you have some of the things that we have actually done. And yeah, for that, I'm going to share my screen and you should be able to see a video now or play it from the start. Okay, there you go. So you can see in here a few things of what we've done. And well, I can show you like this is our, let me check Facebook page. We've been creating digital because yeah, we are still like with a few people who really like to like create music. So I would like to also like just since we're here anyway, it's like to hear a bit of what we've made, for example, one of the members came up with this website called Soundtrap where you can actually compose together. And I thought it could be cool to show you like one of the things that we actually, a song we worked on together with a few members. So this is one place. So you have a bit of an idea of all things we're creating. So this is like one of the things, but what I really wanted to take advantage of in this time where it's digital and we cannot just make music together is also to include a lot of people who just love music and they don't have to play an instrument or have to sing or even like make the music, but also just to talk about music, to share things and stuff. And well, one of the things we, I started doing is like this Spotify playlist creators where students just bring in their songs, give it, they're a playlist and name and write something about it. Yeah, this is one of the things and yeah, like there's blog posts coming out about them and stuff. So yeah, this kind of what I wanted to show you about the music society. And I would say like, if you love music, then you can join. You don't have to play anything. If you do, it's really fun. Like I hope one day we can kind of actually come together and play and like share thoughts and stuff together. But yeah, so I'm thinking, yeah, one of the things I've done also this week, for example, is I wrote an article about music for the Agora magazine. And this is my bridge towards the people of Agora magazine. The mag, yeah, nice job. Yeah, so like she said, she is participating in the process of producing the second issue of Agora magazine. And this is what we're gonna give you guys a quick introduction of the magazine itself. So first, hi everyone. I'm Melvin, like I was like introduced earlier. I'm the founder and also the, let's say creative director of the mag. So I mostly handle like management duties and also like key graphic design, also like tasks. Hey guys, my name is Stania and what I do for Agora is I take care of the social media, especially Instagram, which I'm gonna tell you more about a little later. Hi everybody, my name is Mirna and currently I coordinate content for the website, which is still under construction. And I also work as a content creator, writing articles and doing photography. Okay, so first I'd like to say something about what our goal is here at Agora. And it's to offer you a platform where you can share some of the content you create and any creative work you have. It's not necessarily directed at a certain art form. It's very open and the main goal or aim is just to offer a creative outlet so you don't focus all of your time on your studies and to have something as a hobby, gain maybe some exposure, participate, just engage yourself into something more. All right, so Agora is on four main platforms. The first one is of course the actual magazine which is in digital form. And every quarter we have a different theme of the magazine so it contains a themed content. Then the second one is actually a new one. We have a website where we post creative content as well, both related and unrelated to the actual magazine. Then we have Instagram where we're focusing on the exposure of the magazine and promoting it, but also giving students the chance to share some other stuff that they do. And then last but not least, we have our own podcast series where the students or the team talk casually about different topics, about graphic design, art, anything. Yes, so I'm gonna focus a little bit more on the magazine because it's kind of like the key platform that we have on Agora. So like Stania said, it's quarterly and it's themed. And let's say that the content is more thoughtful, it's more in depth than the content that we have, for instance, on Instagram, or that's what we'll have on the website. And for this, we have like a 12 week process. So the first phase of the process is ideation where the whole team, well at least the whole team that is participating in the production of the mag, we'll just like check each other's ideas and then we'll bring some together to find like the right content. Then everyone will produce the content and then I will make the design of the mag itself. So as you can see, it's just like a few spreads of the form issue for we have like articles but to also have photography, 3D, we can also have illustration. We don't have much restriction about like the content itself. For instance, we can have like content that is like crossing over multiple platforms such as this article, which is also in audio on Spotify. And we have like another example, for instance, we have like some motion work, which is like still in the mag but is in motion on Instagram. So yeah, just like it's kind of like a playground, you know, it's like a sandbox for your guys and you can do anything. It can be photo, it can be a video actually, it can be like music even, who knows? Just like creative freedom and you can do whatever you want. I like to start by introducing the roles we have at Agora here a bit. More, they're mainly divided into the core team and the content creators. Currently, the core team has five members to which are not here and three of which are Stania, Melvin and me. They mostly work on coordinating the production and they are a bit more intimately involved with the project and the content creators. It's a bigger network of people and they're more, let's say loosely involved and they just focus on creating the content. So what I like to say how the roles are defined is as a core team member, you can participate in the project by helping it grow and evolve because this is something that started by the end of last year, somewhere around there. So it's a relatively up-and-coming project which means that you can offer a lot and you can contribute a lot as a core team member but also as content creators even though it's a bit more relaxed and doesn't have as many responsibilities, you can still help by creating content for the magazine where we can display it, show off your work, maybe help you gain a bit more of a reputation and so on. The core team is currently in need of two positions, somebody to handle the financial, like a financial aid or something similar and somebody to take care of marketing because to help us gain a bit more exposure but the content creators that's entirely for you to decide. So basically anything you think may be helpful or even anything you want to offer, you can just share any type of artwork you create whether it's video, illustrations, 3D photography, whatever as long as you want to express yourself and you have something to show. All right, so on Instagram we focus mainly on two things and the first one is on the actual content of the magazine. We let students talk about what they did for the magazine and share the content to actually get people to check the actual magazine, which you can see on this slide and on the next slide, we got different series of posts dedicated to different occasions of the year or celebrating the places that the students are from because we have a very international environment or we also let students share some other of their work, paintings, drawings, illustration could be really anything. We're currently also launching new types of content so we'll be very happy to have new contributors and if you're interested, you can definitely email us at this email that you can see and we'll also be very happy if you go and see what we do on our Instagram and also on our website. Yeah, so as a kind of like an end note, I'd say that, yeah, just like see the magazine, Agora has a playground so that you can experiment, you know, like share your work, but also like collaborate and build or at least start building a network with some other students and maybe some professionals because you have like a teacher that is participating in the project and let's see in the future might have some other teachers or like some professionals. So, yeah, I think it's a nice opportunity for you guys just to have fun and yeah, like feel free to ask anything in the QA session or at least to like send us an email or like DM us on IG and I thank you guys. Okay, just to add on to what Melvin just said with the, that you guys can email them as well to ask any questions or to join. You guys can do the exact same thing with the student council if you're interested in working with the student council, feel free to message us on one of these platforms or even if you just have any questions about how things might be, we can try and help you as well or if you want a more direct student approach to these things. So you guys can let us know as well. Yeah, I don't know if Senya wants to say something about the art society. Great. The art society and I also, as for Agora also participating as a collaborator and content creator. So I created several paintings for Agora magazine which you can check out on the website and everywhere in the Instagram. So yeah, in art society, if you want to draw just as a hobby, if you're not an artist, you can come and just have fun because the society does not require people who are like studying at finance programs. So even if you're, I don't know, studying for, I see something you can come and have fun and just do the silly things. So yeah, that's kind of the whole thing about art society that we just do some fun stuff. And if you want to talk about art or just sketches that you made, you can come and do that. That's kind of the thing about art society. I don't have a lot to say. So I think that's all. Thank you. Thank you, that's great. I will just want to share everyone where you can find other social media links. Like if you go to the Prague College website and for sure like you figure out for yourself and maybe Rai or someone has told you, but here like are all the links and we are too as TikTok. We just started it, but you found us as in Instagram with Prague College and everyone is putting down in the chat their links. So just make sure you follow us because we are very active on social media and we are actually posting almost every day of different events or things that are happening around any society or any school of Prague College. And I think everyone already talked and gave a lot of input and insights. And as you can see, like we're just a group of students that you can just reach out at any time. You might have some comments or questions now. So please feel free to just turn on your mic and ask away or comment away. Yeah, I think we'll need to give permissions for people to talk, which is technically I'm co-host, but I'm not sure how this works. Yeah, hey guys, I'll step in and start kind of giving giving those permissions and whatnot. I just want to say thank you, you know from student services and everyone for sharing your insight because I think you guys do a really great job in your respective projects and things that you get involved with. And yeah, it's super cool to have the student perspective shared in such a cool way. So I just wanted to say thank you for that. We're probably going to go ahead and stop the live stream at the moment. Anyone that wants to get in touch with either our student council, Agora Magazine or any of our societies, of course you can reach out to student.console progcollege.cz or you can just check us out on all of the various social media platforms that we're active on. There are many in the chat, so. Yeah, yeah, yeah. The list at this point. Yeah, and we'll also put these together a little bit later in one concise place so everyone can take a look at them. So yeah, on that note, I just wanted to again say thank you to all of our panelists for sharing their insights and then yeah, we're just going to change gears a little bit and we're going to open it up to questions from our current students and kind of get them in the room and get them involved. So anyone who has joined us live, thank you for your attention. We hope we gave you some interesting insight and we look forward to hearing from you and also sharing some great projects throughout the year. So thank you very much.


Hello, I'm Audrey Thong. I'm very happy to be here at the Digital Citizen Workshop and about the Open Government Partnership Toolbox hackathon to share with you some of my ideas around data and its relationship to people. Data, as we know, lies at the fundamental core of the OGP Toolbox. Many of the tools attempt to gather the society's data to do analysis and to reflect it usefully to the society. Now, data in the government already has its public uses. The public uses, for example, takes the medicine and healthcare data and tries to work on precision medicine and the other healthcare uses of it. Or, for example, we can use epidemiological data for public health and prevention of epidemics. Or, for example, in Taiwan, we have used a lot of environmental data like earthquakes, prediction, typhoon, and a lot of disaster recovery process that also relies on the data. So all these are the public uses. And when we talk about the data economy, as some people are inclined to say, we think also about the added value of data. For example, based on transport data, we can schedule and make new traffic services or with the financial markets data made public available. We can use FinTech like Sandbox or a lot of new innovations in the financial technologies. Or even micro-weather, the same environmental data allows one to predict with a higher accuracy what kind of weather, whether it will rain tomorrow and schedule your events and logistics and supplies accordingly. And all these are the use of data already in the private sector. However, in addition to the public sector and the private sector's use of data, there's also data's social value. And by social value, I mean, based on the transparent record and the evidence-based data during the government's policymaking, the civil society can add the value of the factual data and to coordinate on the ideas around people's feelings. So if the people manage to have the feelings around the same set of facts, these feelings can gather and can amplify. And once we have these kind of feelings that are amplified, we're much more prone to produce ideas that are actually useful, that can converge and engage in social dialogue. And this has enormous use also in dissolving the potential misunderstanding between the factions on the society, as well as furthering public discourse. As an example, the Green Citizens Action Alliance in Taiwan recently launched this Taoming project. This Taoming project basically takes the measurements of all the sensors of the, like, PM 2.5, like the air pollutants and so on, and presented in a way that resembles a game on a map where everybody can see their neighboring sensors, how it correlates with rainfall, how it correlates with the perceived pollution arrows, and all kinds of divergence between the numbers that are released by the industries and by the governments and by the actual environmental measurements. And so the idea is to calibrate each other's measurements so that we can identify where exactly does the pollution come from. However, all these data are already available before the GCAA project starts. So why does it take so long and a crowdfunding campaign to make use of these data? As we can see, although there is an open data mandate, many a time there's still cleaning and extraction and transforming needed in order to align all those different kinds of data from different data pipelines. Also, the data are often published not as structured data, but as, like, websites and so on, or even PDFs sometimes, although we're mostly past that point now in Taiwan, in different local governments' websites and in different civil society websites, so it's also important to agree on a common format. And finally, many open data or common API portals offers only data up to a day ago or a week ago, and there's no long-term archival of data for a longitudinal analysis. So that also is something that civil society can add value to. So the whole idea is for the project to keep a long archive of all those pollution data and to see which parts of the Taiwan are more interested by the residents. And if it's already measured by the government install sensors and it's over the measured threshold, then the citizen can use this to launch an action either against the industries who should keep their pollution level down or against the government to make much more high-resolution or more stringent environmental regulations. Or if it is beyond the current area of sensors and so on, in addition to deploying one's own pollution sensors, one can also declare those sensors to the government in a way to collaborate with the local city governments to make the coverage much more accurate. So this is a way for everybody to be literally on the same page to see how the pollution gathering is going. So just this simple example, we can see the four elements of the Open Government Partnership. First, we have the transparency, which is first the public sector releasing whatever we have and also declaring what we don't have and then inviting the private sector and civil society to do the same. And then is participation, allowing a way for people to be on the same page and input their own measurements, their own demands, their own conversations around each and every measurement. And then accountability. By keeping a long-time account, one can see what kind of things happened, around what time and due to what reason and so on, so that we can go back and write a postmortem or to adjust the regulations accordingly. And finally, and much more important to me, is the idea of inclusion. The idea of inclusion says we must offer the same kind of data not only as writing, not only as raw numbers, but as interactive infographics, but as even tangible objects or virtual reality even in all kinds of modalities that allows people who specialize in different kinds of communication not only to understand but allow their participation to be automatically translated into forms that other people can understand. But it's not always like this. Without this kind of data-driven, open government approach, we usually have the people making the public policies, talking to the private sector actors and individual scholars and academics using a language that is diverging from the people on the street so that even the same word no longer means the same thing. And so what we are doing now is taking data, but not just data, but the conversation around data as what we call a social object. And by social object, we mean everybody can talk around it to add to it, to share even more nearby objects around it such that people associate one row of data not just as some abstract meaning, but as something that they can talk around just like a discussion thread, just like today's weather, it is a way to have conversation with people. And by keeping a longitudinal archive with not only the data but decision-made around the data, we can show with just one QR code what we call an accountability trail of every regulation that I helped to make. So for example, about electronic sport regulation, we keep this in a folder called esport.pdc.tw that updates with all kinds of aspects of this regulation and down to the original public hearings transcript and how those items from the transcript carries over to the internal dialogue and then to the multi-stateholder dialogue and so on so that people can with maybe 5 minutes or 10 minutes to have an entire trail of how exactly this regulation is being made. So this point is like a thread between all kinds of public records, all kind of meeting records, all kind of transcript so that it gives the context of why having this meeting matters and how it connects to the previous and to the other meetings. Now of course the audit trail itself must also be a social object which is why we're working on this open government platform that in addition to e-petitions and e-consultations we're now also providing e-accounts of all the regulations for the public comment agenda. So in addition to regulations, in addition to petitions, this month we will publish thousands of ongoing and even more completed projects from each and every ministries according to the open spending and open procurement principles so that people can see what exactly each government ministry is using taxpayers' money and what kind of data is being produced by these kind of projects and then where does the government, the private sector and the civil society's relationship in each of those projects. So basically it's an idea that this is the default, not the exception. All the important projects that's using taxpayer money must publish how the stakeholders relate in these kind of platforms. But even just publishing the completion rate and the rate of spending of the budget and the individual projects and the research and procurement in a way that allows this context being presented is not enough, we still need the civil society and the private sector to join the discussion by publishing their thoughts, their data, their evidences and letting us know where did we forget to do or where did we already do but we didn't do it good enough. So all this is just a systematic way to ensure that whatever your interest is, whatever your political concern is, you can always find the related governmental projects and start participation because I believe firmly that only by trusting the collective intelligence of the private sector and the civil society can the public sector regain its balance of trust between the government and the other two sectors. So that's my sharing today and I wish you a very successful event. Thank you for listening.


What's going on? I am Greg Saussman joined today by Jim Saunders of FanDuel who had a fantastic weekend. I don't need to ask him because at 17 to one with Dustin Johnson, a ticket he has held for the last eight months, it had to be a perfect weekend. What's up, Jim? Yeah, sometimes it's better to be lucky than smart, Greg. And I got very lucky with that, given the way, I mean, obviously, like, you can't be lucky given the circumstances and light of the masters being postponed. But you know, I'll take it, not going to complain about some free money by any means. So good weekend for sure. Good DFS weekend, too. And some exciting players getting good use of, especially DeAndre Swift. So like, I'm just in a good mood. How are you doing? I've been doing better. Jared got through for a single touchdown yesterday. But Josh Reynolds got buckets, man. Like at least, like at least we had that. He did. He did a ton of buckets. Russell Wilson didn't do too much either. So that game wasn't really the game for me. But you mentioned DeAndre Swift and we talked about him as a player who stock was rising, I feel like over the past few weeks. And now it's happening. The report came out either Saturday or Sunday, and Matt Patricia was going to trust this guy. And I was waiting for Adrian Peterson to be his starter in that game. And then somehow get 20 carries. It didn't happen. DeAndre Swift, he did 23.4 fan dual points later. It certainly seems like DeAndre Swift has entered our circle of trust. Yeah, he got to tick up a couple of weeks ago with that really good game against Atlanta. But then here things kind of got pumped up like it was a tick before. This is a leap for DeAndre Swift. The reasons that you mentioned, we couldn't initially trust him because we know the Lions are a frustrating, very strange team. And we couldn't say, okay, even if he's good, it may not lead to use it right away. Here we saw that though. And I think the good thing about DeAndre Swift is that we saw all the peripherals come to fruition this week. 71% snap rate. That is the first time he has topped a 62% snap rate this year. So up 9% points from his previous high, he had 16 carries and five targets. And that's valuable for anyone. But it's especially valuable when you're good. And DeAndre Swift is freaking good, man. That's really helpful. So I'm not saying this is a comparison, but it's kind of similar to Alvin Camara in his rookie season, where when his volume went up incrementally, it mattered more because he was good at football. And I think we're seeing kind of similar things here with DeAndre Swift. Every additional carry, every additional target that he gets is extra valuable because he does quite a bit on that volume. He gets downfield targets in this team. He gets targets in the red zone, which we love for sure. So DeAndre Swift just seems to be trending up. And I think we're not going to see that end anytime soon because he gets Carolina next week, Houston the week after that on Thanksgiving, which means that he'll be like 100% lock for the Thanksgiving DFS slate. And then just a good schedule after that too. So I am always hesitant to trust this Lions coaching staff. I will continue to be hesitant for sure. But I think that DeAndre Swift has kind of forced their hands and has made himself a DFS type fixture. He has $6,900 for week 11 in DFS. I think that is a smidge too low. And I think that the efficiency here is good enough for us to trust him. He doesn't get the same volume that he had in week numbers 10. So DeAndre Swift has been on our radar for a bit now, but he's firmly on the crosshairs given what he did on Sunday. So I think that we can kind of, you know, let our guard down a bit with this Lions team as scary as it may be and trust DeAndre Swift from week 11 going forward. I definitely don't trust this Lions coaching staff. The coaching staff had almost blew it yesterday against the Washington football team. They wind up surviving. They still have jobs, but more importantly for us, DeAndre Swift very much has a job as well. That talent is clear. It's being clear for weeks. It's amazing that we can see something that coaching staff cannot, but certainly seems that it may have now entrusted DeAndre Swift in the next couple of weeks with that schedule nice and soft with Carolina and Houston coming up. It should be a fun time to lock and load DeAndre Swift into our lineups. The Pittsburgh wide receiving core has been a little tough to figure out as well. Like we went through the whole Chase Claypool thing, which continued yesterday. Judas was up and down. He was good yesterday. But DeAndre Johnson, when he's out there, he certainly seems like the man. Yesterday, he had 20.6 banjo points and Ben Rothsberger was looking for him early and often throughout the day. I never know which Steelers wide receiver to go to, but DeAndre Johnson is someone who stocked you believe is rising here in daily fantasy. How come? It could just be a situation where I was too low on DeAndre Johnson previously because I feel like I've been lower on consensus on than everyone else on DeAndre Johnson since the off season because he has never really shown yardage upside. He's had a good target share, but because he doesn't get downfield looks and isn't super efficient, it hasn't mattered. But yesterday it did matter because he had 116 receiving yards. That is the most he has had in his entire career by 24 yards. So my concern was yardage upside that is no longer a concern based on what he did on Sunday. Now, if you look at the games where they've had all three of Chase Claypool, JuJu Smith Schuster and DeAndre Johnson healthy, DeAndre is second on the team in targets behind JuJu Smith Schuster. That's a good thing for JuJu Smith Schuster, but DeAndre is getting more high leverage targets than JuJu and he's getting more yardage upside as a result of that. So despite the fact that JuJu does leave the team of targets in that time, I'm still going to rank DeAndre Johnson higher because I feel better about him getting downfield work. He doesn't need 15 targets to get to 100 yards. He only needs like 12 because Ben Rappelsberger is not necessarily chucking it downfield all that often. So I had one concern with DeAndre Johnson. It was not target share. It was not stickiness in this offense. It was not his floor. It was his upside. But on Sunday, he showed that upside. I think that's a good thing. You can get touchdowns. Now I know he can get yardage too. So I'm willing to embrace DeAndre Johnson going forward. The salaries on these three guys are honestly pretty comical in week 11 because they're all either 65 or $6,400. So basically Fandle is saying, you figure it out, we're not going to. And I think that if you're doing that, you have to rank DeAndre Johnson first. Claypool is in play because he gets the high leverage targets, the high leverage rushes. And JuJu is in play because the volume is good. But if I'm picking just one guy in this receiving core right now, it's going to be DeAndre Johnson. I love that Fandle's mantra is you figure it out with Steelers wide receiver to grab. But many were too low on DeAndre Johnson. But he saw he's rising here with those 20.6 Fandle points yesterday. The target share certainly seems to be there. Whenever he's healthy, whenever he's on the field, Van Rothenberg is looking his way. And now we can see that he can do more after the catch and he can be productive inside the red zone. DeAndre Johnson becomes someone that's worth watching or putting in your lineups even in DFS. I'm really excited to talk about the last game because I feel like too often we overlook these Thursday night games by the time we roll around to Monday and Tuesday of a week of the week after, right? Because everyone's so focused on what happened on Sunday. We need to go back to last Thursday and talk about what Michael Pittman Jr. did. Pittman had 15.7 Fandle points and I don't trust Phillip Rivers. I get it.  But Tia Hilton really hasn't gotten into the mix at all for the first 10 weeks of this year. And Michael Pittman, back from injury, certainly made his mark on Thursday night. Can that continue, Jim? I think so. And it's another situation where I'm a bit hesitant to dive in because like the Colts aren't as frustrating as the Lions, but they've been closed so far this year. They've basically been giving the double barrel middle fingers to all DFS players because they have not given anyone really good dependable usage. But Michael Pittman looked good Thursday and he got good volume. So I think that we might have enough here where I can finally, for the first time all year, use a Colt not named Jonathan Taylor in a DFS lineup. And those didn't go that well either. So we'll see if it sticks. But I think that it was encouraging because we look at the two games that Michael Pittman has played full snaps since coming back. He's already in 7.5 targets per game. He has two downfield targets per game in that span, and one and a half red zone targets per game. And now T why Hilton did not play in one of those games. But in the game with T why Hilton, we saw Pittman actually get a 21% target market share. That's only the fifth time this year. The Colts have had a 20% market share for anyone, according to my coworker, Brandon Godula. He's been tracking this for a while because on our recap podcast, we're not big fans of the Colts, but finally in week 10, they did give good usage to Michael Pittman. So I'm open to it. I'm not saying that I'm like prioritizing Michael Pittman using him over everyone else, but I'm open to it. Whereas I was not previous. And that's a pretty big shift for anyone in this Colts offense. So I think that he has talent. I think that Phillip Rivers is still good enough to support fantasy relevant players within this offense. When you add those two things together, I think that's enough for us to use Michael Pittman in daily fantasy. As long as the salary stays low enough, he does have a tough matchup. If Jair Alexander is able to play in week number 11, we also don't know if Jair Alexander would shadow Michael Pittman because they're just, there's a lot of volatility in wide receiver cornerback matches. So I think that Michael Pittman is someone who needs to be on our radar now. Whereas that didn't really need to be the case previously outside of single game slates, Pittman trending up and making me finally interested in a Colts player, which I didn't think I would do for the rest of this year. Once Jonathan Taylor clearly became not a thing. This Colts team is weird. Not being able to trust Jonathan Taylor is brutal, especially once more than Mack went down. We all thought this was Jonathan Taylor's back for good. It hasn't happened. T.Y. Hilton goes down. Nobody really steps up. T.Y. Hilton goes back and Michael Pittman show. Who knows what's going to happen with Phillip Rivers and the Indianapolis Colts. But Michael Pittman as a young receiver, as a rookie is only getting better. And you could see that progress with your own eyes is not just looking at advanced statistics to do it to come to that realization. But the statistics are there. And the Colts pass the eye test. Michael Pittman could be somebody long-term that's cheap enough on DFS to make it worth it for you each and every Sunday. That's going to do it for us here on the Fandall Hurryup. Jim, we appreciate the time. I'll talk to you later this week. I am looking forward to it, Greg. The week 11 slate looking pretty tasty so far. A lot of good running backs back on there. So a lot of tough decisions. And I can't wait to talk through it with you on Friday. It will be fun Friday. We will wildly go before we get there. Because tomorrow, I'll be joined right here on the Fandall Hurryup with Tom Becquiao as we take a look at the top players on the board for this week 11 DFS slate. For Jim Sonnis, I'm Greg Sussman. Thanks so much for watching. Enjoy Monday Night Football tonight. And we'll see you back here tomorrow for another edition of the Fandall Hurryup.


I believe it's important because goals for sustainable development are nice, but in themselves won't deliver change. That has to happen through action, which needs to be politically negotiated. So that's why we need to understand these domestic political processes and international political processes and the geopolitics of transformation and decarbonisation. And I think it's particularly important at this time to look at the distribution of costs and benefits, winners and losers of transformation, because what's encouraging is that the general argument for decarbonisation and transformation towards sustainable development has been fairly broadly accepted. But now is the question, how do we actually do it in practice? So we need to start paying attention to these things.


Teaching Vocabulary to Chinese Native Speakers The Oxford English Dictionary defines vocabulary as the body of words used in a particular language. From this definition, it is obvious that teaching vocabulary to new students of the English language will not be an easy thing due to the complexity and nature of the language. Context is very important when teaching vocabulary. The Shakespearean language of the 16th century has evolved from the Victorian era, or to that of the early 20th century and today's 21st century. The location also determines the use of certain vocabulary and expressions. For example, the English spoken in London is different from that of Liverpool, Glasgow, New York, Houston, Ottawa, etc. It is important for a good teacher to be well versed and open-minded about certain expressions and idioms. This essay will try to give some useful tips on how to effectively teach vocabulary to Chinese students. Age and Level Firstly, it is important for the teacher to know the level or ages of the students before choosing a particular method or not. For example, when teaching younger students, it is better to use more visual teaching aids such as flashcards, total physical response, TPR, such as signs or the use of games and songs. This is important because experience shows that most children have a short attention span. They need to feel engaged and participate in a joyful and safer manner. Teaching Materials Again, as concerns teaching adults, it is better to use multimedia visual aids such as videos or slides from a PowerPoint. Another way is to enrich the vocabulary and explain the use in an interesting manner. From my experience, foreign students will use a vocabulary if they find it sophisticated and useful. It is the teacher's responsibility to render the teaching of these vocabularies interesting and appealing. Researchers and other experienced teachers have shown different ways of teaching vocabulary. One of my favorite authors is Robert J. Marzano an educational assessment theorist and expert. He proposes that in all content areas, direct vocabulary instruction is essential and suggests six steps. Marzano, R.J. 2004 Building Background Knowledge for Academic Achievement Research on What Works in Schools Alexandria, Virginia, A.S.C.D. A step-by-step plan. Step one, the teacher explains a new word, going beyond reciting its definition, tap into prior knowledge of students, use imagery. Step two, students restate or explain the new word in their own words, verbally and or in writing. Step three, ask students to create a non-linguistic representation of the word, a picture, or symbolic representation. Step four, students engage in activities to deepen their knowledge of the new word, compare words, classify terms, and write their own analogies and metaphors. Step five, students discuss the new word, pair share, elbow partners. Step six, students periodically play games to review new vocabulary, pyramid, jeopardy, and telephone. Do you want to teach English to non-native speakers? Robert James Marzano's six steps do something revolutionary to vocabulary learning, they make it fun. Students think about, talk about, apply, and play with new words. His methods are important in creating engagement for students while making it fun to learn new words. The brain is perpetually excited and focused, which helps in retention. Teaching new vocabulary in China should consider the local context where a lot of students have the tendency of wanting to memorize forcefully without fully understanding the utility or context of the word. This sometimes causes some Chinese students to use improper English or a mixture of Chinese words and English words chinglish which may sound correct but is actually wrong. Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us toll free at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.