Hey y'all this is Jamie with Out of Bounds with Jamie and Abby. Yes and on this episode of Out of Bounds We had Raelyn a country music artist. She was so kind and sweet and just I loved her. Yeah, absolutely loved her Yeah, we talked a lot about her career and family and what she's doing next going on to her So we hope you guys enjoy that and we were lucky enough to record at Blackbird studio a renowned recording studio in Nashville, Tennessee I'm so very excited Thank you One of the other things that I would love to talk to you about if you would allow it is Type 1 diabetes of course as our listeners know my 16 year old has type 1 this April will be 10 years Wow, wow and the goal of my husband and I is to raise awareness for this disease. We felt like God has handed us this child with this disease and given us a platform to raise awareness and fun raising for it So I thank you so much for allowing us to talk about it It's such a funny thing that you talk about raising more awareness around diabetes because Back when I got diagnosed I got diagnosed at 12 so your daughter got diagnosed at 6 at 6 Oh my goodness gracious when I think about how hard it was for me to make that transition into giving myself insulin shots Checking my blood sugar at 12. I can't imagine your daughter having to do that six and I have a daughter now And I'm like, oh, I would literally be like freaking out anywhere. She went worried about her blood sugar. So that is just crazy I'm already starting to cry It's hard and for me So I got diagnosed at 12 and I don't know your daughter's story But I went into a thing called DKA my sugar was so beyond high and had stayed there for such a long period of Time that my organ started shutting down. Yeah. Oh and the only vein that they could Get was like right by my leg because there was not even a vein that was available. It was it was actually pretty crazy I was 10 minutes from from passing away and it was very traumatic awful I'm so thankful to Jesus that I'm here today.   I was like So upset and of course, they don't tell you that the needles are really tiny And there's so many incredible things now but back in the day It was like a science experiment every time you had to take a shot You have to like get the bubbles out of the needle pull it back like now You have pumps and sensors and Jesus has made it so much easier But back then it was like like you were doing a science experiment at your desk Yeah, it was so different But you know when I think back on my journey of having type one I was so like Insecure about it, especially at 12 like and I'm sure your daughter went through this period a little bit Yeah, but there is a lot more resources now than there was back then but I Remember like wanting to take shots like in the corner at a friend's house like when I would go to like a birthday party and I You know, I hated like Like doing swim parties because I knew my sugar would drop and I didn't want the attention to be on me if my sugar drops That was one of Taylor's triggers is every time she swam that her I mean plummet. Yes I mean because she's exercising so much and I went through a period when I was like 15 16 Where I just didn't want my disease anymore. I don't want this and I didn't take care of myself and I I Like my a1c was super high And if you don't know a1c is it's basically what your blood sugar has been for the last three months And I remember my doctor I came in and I and I wrote like, you know bogus numbers that were so like because I forgot that they check your a1c So I forgot that that was gonna tell on me. And so I was like, oh my sugar's been like a hundred I'll throw a 200 in there really being like casual with it and And so anyways, she was so Rachel your Numbers don't really match with what your a1c is. So somebody's lying. I don't think it's your a1c number. Yeah, it's like I lied And she like the way she broke it down to me was so cool She was like, she's like, what do you want to do when you get older?  It's okay to go through these things But that only hurts you it doesn't hurt anybody else And she said anytime you feel that way just educate people and so that's what I started doing like I That's I felt like, you know, I'm gonna wear a pump. I'm gonna wear it out I'm gonna just I'm gonna it's my daily life and there's nothing I can do about it or change about it And all I can do is raise awareness around it and there's so many people like me Yeah, I want to start finding diabetic friends. It was easier for me But I don't have any friends with diabetes till I was like 20. Really? Yeah, and it's like and I'm you know 27 yeah, so yeah, it was it was a while till I found a really great community for me I have the Rayland Diabetes Fund because I wanted to be able to give money where it needed to be like some People just can't afford their insulin supplies or I think about that all the time so many things and that's one thing that gets me It's like I'm just so grateful that God's given me the means to take care of this disease But I'm like we have to live yeah And I think that there needs to just be such an awareness to take care of those families that they don't have yeah The means to do that and to when you meet a kid or somebody that has diabetes You just give them a hug cuz you know that what their daily life is it's just like I just want to hug you Cuz I know we got this it's like this kind of thing That's what my husband and all we always say because we do when we hear of families that have just been diagnosed We're the first ones to reach out whenever we find out because when Taylor is diagnosed. We didn't know anybody no Yeah, so now it's We're like welcome to the family This is a family you did not choose a family that you don't want to belong to but it is what it is and we have to Stick together and I mean there are times to where there was a school teacher at Taylor's School his daughter had diabetes call me one day Jamie our insulin didn't come in can we borrow a vial? Yeah, I mean that's what you do Yes, you you have to stick together Yeah, and Taylor did go through a stage like at the beginning at six years old It was almost kind of cool that she had it You know she was getting lots of attention at school and she was the first one when the first day She went to school. She was like I want to show them how I prick my finger Yeah got in the middle of her class and did it and it was amazing, but when she hit I Want to say about 12 13 years old she did go through a phase and honestly it Correlated to the time we moved to Nashville to where nobody knew that Taylor Nobody knew what you know what diabetes was and all that so she tried to hide it and she was on the pump and She she wouldn't put her numbers in because she didn't want to pull it out in the middle of lunch And she did she went through a really really hard time And it was at the doctor's office to where I realized what was going on because our a1c was like 10 point something Which for our listeners really you wanted to be around six six That's a really high that really broke her down and that was a time I finally was like okay I really think you need to see a therapist even if you don't feel like you need one It's just good to talk to somebody who's not me. Yes So we found an amazing doctor here and she does anytime. She feels the need She'll just go and have a little chat for an hour But she got out of that little funk.  You know, I'll never forget when I went on a date with my husband and I was like Oh, God, I don't want to take I don't want to take a shot I'm at Panera with this hot guy There that's like me going to Applebee Yeah, like I went to Panera on 21st and You know, I remember being like hey, well, I gotta take a shot and he's like He thought it was a shot of alcohol. Oh, okay.  I didn't realize how much fear there was around being pregnant with diabetes The best I've ever felt was pregnant.  I get pregnant again tomorrow So good my sugar was like 5.2 my a1c. I was like a normal person's a1c. I've never felt more Incredible than I do when I was pregnant. What's the explanation because you have to keep your numbers so tight Like between like they can't go over 130. It's really tight and it seems hard But it's I really do believe that God creates your body in the most beautiful ways when you're when you're carrying a baby It's like it knows that it has to go into this fight or fight. Yeah, right? And my sugar would go down to 60 and it would just stay there. I was so nervous to get pregnant I was so nervous to go through that. Mm-hmm. I mean, I thought I was gonna have to get a surrogate I mean, I thought all these things and some people do you know Some people's diabetes so bad because you don't need to carry a baby if your a1c is high, right?  I remember that when Taylor was diagnosed my father My father actually Everybody was upset obviously, but He kept thinking of steel magnolias. Oh, yeah drinker juice Shelby. Yes. Listen. I know it That's all he kept thinking. It's when she has the kid that she's gonna die Oh, I know it's the worst. It's the worst movie Type what am I that was like she's not gonna be able to get pregnant. No, you know My doctor, he's a little cuckoo cuckoo, but I love him, but he's weird as hell in the best way Of course the first thing he says to me. He's just funny. I love him though. I like he's my favorite person So I was like, I am pregnant. So I was like, I need to do a telehealth with you We were talking he goes only advice don't watch still Magnolia. That's the first But he's so ready to just don't watch it and it's just like it's so true Mom's like, oh, what about just that show he didn't drink her juice. I was like, okay, mom Okay, everything's gonna be okay. We're in the 21st century now. Let me tell you when it's hilarious when Taylor I forgot how old she was she may have been 11 years old. I wasn't thinking. Yeah, I started watching it with her Oh, and I'm like, oh my gosh. She's gonna freak out. And so I had to I'm like Taylor. Listen, this is a movie You know, they exaggerate things and yeah, mm-hmm. So all she did was laugh through the movie. Okay, good. Thank you Like When you were first diagnosed What were your symptoms? I mean, I know what your symptoms probably were My sugar had stayed high for so long. We had just actually came back from Nashville I was 12 my cousin had just got engaged. So they were having an engagement party up here and the whole time I was just going to the bathroom a lot like so when your sugar is high You just literally can't keep any liquids down. Like you always have to go to the bathroom You're so thirsty and my I was the fifth kid. So it's like my mom's like, oh, she's going through growth spur She's you know, and it wasn't any shame on her I just don't think she no signs and she had type two so she didn't know type one existed Like type twos mindset is you're overweight. Like that's you know, that's a lot of type two and my daughter's You know tiny and I was losing a lot of weight and but I was getting taller So my mom thought okay. She's just she's just going through at 12.  I was like mom I feel bad like I want to go to the hospital and I never say that and she lifted up the cover and I was just tired And my legs are black and blue and she was like, okay And so that's when we call and some people find out because their sugar goes so low Yeah, and when your sugar goes low, you just need to go to the hospital when your sugar is high You don't really know until a couple a couple, you know months and I think my sugar when I went in was like 1100 It was something was a real Taylor's Taylor's was 600 around in the 600 and she was on the verge of DK. Oh But we caught it to where yeah It was think the thing is is like when you when you don't know what to look for you don't know And so that's why I think my mom had a lot of regret and my dad, but it's not their fault No, I mean like they don't we didn't know like no To it's just I should have known and my brother like he's such a huge such a net It was like really mean and like so we were like driving to Nashville for my cousin's engagement party And I had to pee every five seconds and I remember like trying to not tell people how to pee He was just being a brother, you know, I mean he didn't know he's like why you got a pee all the time And so when I found out I had diabetes. I milked it so bad People leave you made fun of me when I was actually had a disease and like I still don't let it goes I feel so bad for do I was like you should feel that I was so mad Like so you're the youngest of five that they well, okay, so I have a lot of brothers and sisters Okay, so my mom had four kids in her first marriage and my dad had three in his and Wambam had me So I have seven brothers. Oh, wow. Wow. Okay. I'm the only one of one with the same mom and dad Oh, okay. Okay. It's like an only child in a very, you know yours mine in our situation Yeah, my husband is one of seven his mom like actually had seven kids. Oh, wow. That's it. That's where she is a saint Where's he is the rights in the middle middle?  I grew up in Baytown, which is outside of Houston It's like 45 minutes from Houston It's basically very blue collar chemical plant smells like crap, but it's home to me Like there's so many I'm from South, Louisiana.  My dad's my dad's always in it Well, he's from bozier city. Yeah, I'm from a homo. So it's really close. Yeah My family lives in like a street poor and stuff like that. So I yeah, I grew up in Baytown and it was it's awesome The best way like to describe Baytown and that's why I called my record Baytown is it's it's country But it's got such swag like the people there Like it's not just, you know, it's all kinds of kinds everybody lives in Baytown and I love that about Baytown It's so cultural. There's so many they love country music, but they love R&B They love like it's just it's such a vibe and and the same thing with Houston Like, you know and like so many rappers have come out of Houston But the Houston livestock show and rodeo is one of the biggest country events of the year And it's just like Houston area that area is just such a fun was a fun place to grow up Yeah, so when did you move to Nashville or tell us like your whole thing? So yeah, so the next step So it's it's kind of I feel like a cat that's lived nine lives sometimes But I graduate when I was 16 graduated early top of my class. Don't ask me how many people was like 12 It was a homeschooling program. Hey, but nobody can take They can't I'll never forget Vince go goes. Wow. That's awesome. I was like, yeah only 10 kids All my family does music and so I was like, I don't want to do music I want to I want to be an actress because like they can't tell me how to act They don't know how to act and so I because it's very opinionated. So I was like, okay I'm gonna start doing acting and so I started going to these acting classes in Houston And I got an agent out in LA and I was like, I'm moving to LA. So it's 16. I moved to LA Oh my god. I was crazy Okay, so my dad or my mom or my step mom somebody would stay with me every month So it was like a revolving door of people my cousin would stay with me and the fact that my parents let me do that at 16 It still cracks me up because my daughter Daisy wouldn't step foot in LA But they knew that I was like 16 going on Like I've always been an old soul. I've always been a go-getter and like Man too, it's not like somebody wasn't there with me. So I was doing the whole thing. They gave me a year They're like, we'll let you have a year here Just if you get open some doors within that year, you can stay longer, but you know, you have one year I was like, okay. I did acting classes. I did all these cool things. I Did some auditions, but I wasn't as busy as I wanted to be so had a lot of time on my hands So of course I just picked up my guitar and started to learn songs on YouTube and writing songs and I was like, damn I really like this. This is fun and For me, I I really believe in focusing on one thing and when God really opens doors on that Like you can kind of if you focus on like this is the way somebody put it Like if you're focusing on five recipes at one time It's not gonna be as good as if you focus on one finish it one finish it It's like putting the time into that one thing And so doors were just opening for music more than they were for acting and so I was like, okay Well, God, I I don't want to move because I was didn't want to be a failure at 16 Okay, but I was like, I don't want to leave and like be a failure or whatever And so I met this woman and she was like I remember singing at some coffee shop on Venice Boulevard and It was it was just crazy and so this girl came up to me and she's like you're really talented But there's so many scam artists like yeah, okay, like whatever right, but she she was actually somebody legit She's like I want to hook you up in Nashville And I was like I've already been to Nashville because I would because I would go my cousins were in a Christian rock band We went to Nashville at the time and I was like Nashville would be fun But I want to you know be here. I think this is where I need to be but I've always loved country music obviously I'm a country girl through and through and So I came here and I fell in love with the writing community at 17 am Well, I was here writing Nobody knew me. Nobody. I wasn't didn't have a publishing deal I didn't have a record deal and the voice came in for auditions and I was writing with this one girl And she was like you should audition for the voice I was like, I don't want to audition for the voice of our audition for American Idol They said no and I auditioned for X factor. Did you really I was yeah audition for both of those And they said no and I was like, I don't have like that Mariah Carey voice Like I have a good voice, but it sounds like I've been you know drinking truities and smoking cigs and I don't So it's like I don't know what to say, you know And so I have like this raspy country voice and they were like, but that's the whole point of the voices It's different voices and I was like, all right. I mean I do like like Shelton So I auditioned and I made it straight through the auditions in front of Mark Burnett ended up doing that got on the show and It was so funny because the place that we had to go for quarantine This was before quarantine was not cool, but now this is when it was cool It was like, oh, this is cool But there was like a quarantine period where you know, you can't say anything all those things and so Anyways, we were in LA for the auditions literally two miles away from where I lived not even a year before Such a god thing like crazy like not even a year later. I moved back to Texas I thought it was a failure and I'm back at the place that I lived a year not even it like yeah It was crazy. So was there made on the show got done with the show and then I went back I started right in here and so I was like, you know, I'm just gonna live here for four months Just right and then go back to Texas and I never went home. Oh, and then I've been here For 10 years. Wow Literally cannot believe I've been here for 10 years and been through a few record deals the one thing that I love about my story is I think it's a beautiful story of persistence and I Would not have written my journey any differently than it is and you know, I've been Signed to a few different labels in town. I've had a few different publishing deals I've had changes in my business, but No matter where I'm out of my career music is still what I want to do and the daily grind of writing songs and Seeing the fans and like the one thing that gets me through is the fans Honestly, because the fans don't know the BS that happens here, right? They just see you on stage and they're they love you and I think that's what that's always what's kept me going Yeah, and and to become a mom has really changed me in so many ways because I Put so much of my identity into my career, you know, what I looked like You know how I represented myself if you know, I gotta I gotta make sure that I get on this or on that and when I had Daisy I was just like None of that matters anymore. It's like I need to be an example for her exactly And you know be a strong example for her about somebody who continues to follow their dreams But doesn't let this world and what their view of my success should look like Yeah, determine my happiness because I'm honestly happy with where I'm at right now If you're not happy with where you are, you're never gonna be happy, right when God gives you success I've seen people that have tons of number ones and have this quote-unquote incredible career, but they're sad as I don't want to be that way.  I just love it And she's what six months. She's six months.  I know she is poor buddy I'm like, she's got your nose She does like look like him and sometimes but she is definitely my karma copy. Yeah I didn't mean for that to happen. Here we are both of my children when they came out with just like my husband And now as they're growing they're starting to look a little bit like me. Yeah, so just yeah Girls boy girls. Oh my gosh two girls 16 and 13. I love that. Yeah, and she has a boy girl Yeah, little boy. He's one and then a six year old girl. Oh my gosh. I love that. What's their names? Jessa and Judah. Oh, I love the name Judah. Our best friend's name is Judah. Oh Yeah, it's good being a mom is the best though. I have to say it puts everything in perspective It really does and it just shows you that like, you know, whatever you choose to do in your life If you want to have babies, if not the one thing that I think that's so incredible is it's like life's not about you anymore Right and I needed that we're in a very self-serving industry where everything's about you like, you know, and I Of course know that my identity is not in any of this It's in God and my family and what I do but not, you know, the everything this business is but when having her I was just like None of this matters anymore. It's it's all about you boo boo. You're the queen of the castle I fully know it, you know, since you both are from huge families. Do you guys want tons of kids around like 30 kids?  Yeah, so yeah, I want like five. Is he in the industry as well No, so my husband played at Belmont got a full ride there and then he played for the Cubs organization And then he went into the military and so now he's still in the military But he also is in like finance and stuff like that He got a degree in business and works for this financial company here and he loves it Oh, so he's like one of those guys that wakes up looks at the stocks. I'm like, how's it going, baby? No, he's not music. Thank God. I love it. I love it Not being the same. Yeah, because I like feel like we talk about the industry all the time And he just like knows good songs like he doesn't get so he just literally likes a song as a fan And so I know if he doesn't understand a song that nobody's gonna understand it I wrote this too much like I wrote like I made was a songwriter in this when I should have just been like, okay But he's he's awesome. Yeah, such a good dad. That's so fun. How did y'all meet? It's so funny. We met the first time at church. We saw each other. I was looking like hell that day, too I remember we had to went out the night before I almost didn't go to church that day I was like, all right.  Thank you.   Yeah, because I don't give a care by but I was like I had to go for that because I really couldn't do anything about it And so then we were at the same wedding like two weeks later We hit it off and we dated for like a year broke up for two years got back together and got married within like three months Oh, wow, I've been married for almost seven years. Wow. Oh, wow got married. We're young. Yeah, you were Yeah, how old are you 21 20? It's awesome.  I think that we need to start talking more about that and it's like I don't know. I but I found my person really young. Yeah, I'm grateful for that We just had him on this past month and that's what we talked about was it was our 20th anniversary and wow We were young and Actually, I mean the way you are we had Taylor at 26. I think I was 26. I had Daisy at 27. Yeah Wow, that's very very similar.  Thank you, man. We have a kid now Changes everything it really does it really does so with having her I'm sure you're hyper sensitive and you Watch over her closely. That's how I am with my youngest with type one, you know That's what when I was thinking about if Daisy ever had to have type one like I My heart goes out to parents like I would be so controlling with it Yeah, you have because you have to let them go you have to you have to Because I remember my mom was really crazy about I was 12, you know, but my mom it was funny Because this is like so my mother and my dad's the more like motherly type and my mom's more of like Honey, you're gonna have to figure this out. Are you going? I ain't doing this for you forever But she was nervous, but she also was like like shooting it to me straight like you're gonna have to like teachers I gotta forget God it and I'm so thankful that I have parents mom a mom like this but so We had to learn like we were in this diabetes class and they make your parents go to the diabetes class Yeah, about this.  Oh my gosh She literally started crying laughing. She was like if she has type 1 diabetes and she goes Why is she giving herself a shot? Like I think she's doing drugs and I was like, no Like we we still laugh about that my teacher me I was like remember that kid that literally thought I was doing drugs Like well, why would I do it out in front of everybody? Like I go to the bathroom Like 16 like I mean kids are crazy these days. Yeah, I'm not that crazy I grew up with a kid that had it like through elementary school and every year like cuz you know you'd be in the same class Like every other year and his dad would come and they would present to the whole class basically like this is what he has This is what it is He would educate everyone on it so that like we never thought about it Sometimes he might need to eat a piece of candy or whatever it was like they would educate us I thought that was so and I think it's so important to do that And that's one thing that I should have said before is like all my team knows. Hey, maybe have a bar in your bag Yeah, maybe a juice like I always have stuff on me But these are my signs of like if something sketch like I kind of go off into it days Like you know and so and we're all prepared my team's prepared you can never over prepare somebody for that And it's not because you're you know something's gonna happen It's just so important for everybody to know like educating everybody Education is just key with the diabetes. Yeah, totally. Yeah, okay. I want to talk more about your career Yeah, so you said you had like multiple record labels and everything what's been the hardest thing you've kind of had to go through where I'm at now and The freedom that I have creatively is I think what's been hard for me in the past is Getting signed because I'm different because I write different because I see the world differently and then when I get there I feel like I Just keep trying they kept trying to fit fit me in a box that I couldn't fit in okay, I and it's no like This is the thing is every artist is different.  They believed in me. It's not that I just think For me where I'm at today and I look back I'm grateful for the journey because it's made me better songwriters may better woman It's maybe better business woman and artist. I just I'm so excited for the future generation Because I think we can really educate any new girls that come into town like hey, you know fight for this Yeah, like whatever makes you different.  Well that'll work. I'll do it like, you know, I'll think about that or I'll think about this But it's it's I didn't know how to fight for myself at 18 right, you know, and I but but now I'm like Oh, hey, I'll know like I'm not this song songs that are right like I was writing a hundred songs a year and You know five we're getting put out and just it's just it was just such a hard industry to like get your music out and so I'm really thankful for The industry now because you can put out music every month You can probably do it ever the heck you want and it's really cool to see and I The one thing I just love about Nashville is everything's like musical chairs like when I See people that have been in my past whether it's a label or publishing deal We all just mutually respect each other because it's like, you know, if it didn't work out business great I'll go to lunch with you but like sometimes business doesn't work out But that doesn't mean it has to be on bad terms and I think I love about this town is I've gone through Some you know things in my career, but this town is still embraced me and loved me and and that's what this town's about It's like, okay, that wasn't the right fit But that's okay. We're still hoping the best for you and they really do yeah They really is it's not a cutthroat. Even though we're in a cutthroat industry Nashville, I really think has figured out making it, you know, they still care about the artist and like I Just think it's it's it's really really cool about this town but I've you know, my music it's the one thing I you know, I talked about the fans earlier, but my songwriting has always been so important to me and writing songs that I believe, you know, are Are bigger than me and are meant to be out and I One of the first songs that I wrote that completely changed my career in my life and the songwriting world was love triangle I wrote that song about my perspective of my parents divorce and how it felt to be stuck in the middle of two people You love the most your mom and your dad and That song just opened so many doors for me in the writing community and songwriting has always been therapy for me it's always been a way that I've processed things in my life and I You know, I always want to be sacred when it comes to my songwriting and everything else comes second to that But there's never a day when I'm headed to a right or I'm headed to do something that I'm just not extremely grateful Like it's it we're more into like the storytelling. Yes side of things. That's not necessarily just like oh, this will be a hit Yeah, I mean, I do like songs that are well.  I just thank you. It's awesome. I know it's I Love that record because it's so storytelling, but it's so fun The next two songs are about to release or kind of like an extension of that and that's the thing It's like I just want to have fun and put out good music and be a good example for my daughter and young girls out there and Not even girls guys too like I don't know I just I'm just so grateful for this platform that I've been given and I just want to continue that and Baytown is probably one of my favorite projects. Did you write all of them? I've only released one song that I haven't written Wow, yeah, but yeah, I've written all my songs. I feel like Baytown when you play it you can tell like you just had fun Yeah, you know like it's just like but I love that it has like me about me small-town prayer It has those really great songs a signer wrote for my daughter called me for me to love You know song about my me and my mother's story because she chose me that song is There's been over 20,000 videos now made of Oh, wow people stories of keeping their baby and it's like literally the most Beautiful thing ever. That's another thing. It's just like you have to follow your heart on what to release because God will bless it And I've just literally seen that with with Baytown. We've hit over a hundred million streams on the record Wow, and it's just It's just crazy because it's like we promoted it, but you know, I'm not a major label right now I'm doing this independent like I'm just doing my own thing and I feel like when When the pressure is kind of off and you like care, but you don't yeah, that's when like everything start magic It's like there's like this weight that's lifted off of your shoulders. Yeah, okay. I'm I'm okay. Yeah, so totally So that did that release in 2020? Well, it released last September. So okay, it's right after I had Daisy Oh, right after okay. Yeah, that's nothing like normally old me would have been like looking at the charts But I'm like you're nursing a baby like half a way And there's there was no me like being obsessed with where my record was. I was like, I just I'm in survival mode You are in survival mode, especially those first two months. Yeah Nobody explains that to you. Oh, no No one would have kids if they told you right? No, no It's so funny though how God works because it's like Six weeks later. I mean, I'm like healed up feeling good. I'm like, let's do it again. I'm like, why did I say that? You know, like I don't know why because it's just like it's all the love Yeah, if it were up to men, they would have one kid to be done. I couldn't do it again. I love I love my husband, but Totally my husband was more traumatized than I was. Yeah When we talked about heaven three john was like, uh, right now we're man to man to have a third We'll be in zone and I can't do zone That's so awesome. That's when they start raising each other, but that's great. That's true. Yeah, so will you two are Coming up. What's your yes? So I'm going out with kane brown. Okay. Love kane Me and him and his his wife is my best friend and so I'm so excited. We're gonna have nine kids on tour. So it's me Walker haze and kane. So I have daisy walker has six kids and then they have two kids kody and kingsley And so it is going to be wild It starts in in may so we have some some dates in may and then we have some dates in june. So it's gonna be fun That's so fun When's the last time you toured? Oh girl I've well, I did a show in december after having daisy. So that's my first show back And I did a residency downtown at old red like big pregnant like I was just wielding it in the bar Like straight up like I couldn't drink with everybody, but I was having a good time like I was so but it was fun Yeah, it was so much fun.   Okay, and like Honestly, I think my mother-in-law that was her highlight of her life because she loves hallmark during christmas But it was honestly so much fun. It was me and sarah evans and why not a jud and kicks brooks like so many awesome celebrities are in it But it was it was awesome. I want to do more acting. I want to do More stuff in the tv space. I I love stuff like that and I really thrived when I was on the voice because people could see my personality So I really want to do more more things like that for sure. Oh, that's so fun Can we talk about the voice like how like how was like a whirlwind? What was that experience like?  This is happening like whoa Yeah, you know my favorite thing about that show is it really like I think that I needed that first no like even though it was such a People think that I won that year, but I didn't like I was top 12 But that first no like set up a lot of like thick skin for me Yeah, because I realized okay. I can be told no, but I know that I'm still talented and I know that I've got Something and so I was able to move here. And so when other knows what happened in my life It's hard, but it really prepared me as a person But that show was everything it needed to be for me. It was a great promotion tool People got to know who I am and like getting to meet Blake was The trajectory of my career. I mean he Helped me find a manager. He helped me, you know with my deal with big machine when I first got here Like he showed me like this is what you should do. This is what you shouldn't do He took me on tour and you know, Miranda took me on tour because they were married at the time And so it was just like to be embraced by them at such a young age. It really set precedent for me and It's very very very grateful And and he's been somebody that's been a sound piece throughout my like a big brother He really is and he when he really loves somebody and cares about somebody he means it and he stays and he's There and through the changes in my life for the last 10 years He's always been there and he's been a friend that Honestly means the world to me and I'll never forget So me and my husband, you know, we we got married and then we had a wedding later And so when when I told Blake that I was married, this is the funniest thing ever. We were at santa na ho and He literally was eating and he just dropped his fork and stopped eating and he was like, well I guess we're getting tequila shots and like it was just like so funny And he was so of course so excited.  That's good to hear I know and then we did that song why I got a truck together, which is one of my favorite songs. That's a good one I know thank you Did y'all write it together or did you write it by yourself and I wrote it with him in mind And okay, my favorite is the end of the song He goes back the truck up. No, not that the truck Ray talking about I was like, make sure you put something funny on it. He goes, oh, I got something special for you. I was like, okay That's so fun. He's he's great. And then he married Gwen Stefani, which is hilarious. Like, you know, I used to wear y'all I put my foot in my mouth.  I'd have been like, uh No, she's not but that's wild. It was so funny though. I was so nervous at my wedding like because my you know Crazy-ass families coming up to them at the at the table and they stayed the whole night They did not leave early. They stayed until we left like they partied. It was so much fun And but when I saw like my country family coming up to them, I was just like, oh god Okay, like I thought I was gonna have to save them. But they of course do so well on those situations It was it was hilarious. Like, you know, my uncles were going over there. I was my heart was literally about I was like, you know, it's my wedding. I can't worry about this. They're fine.  Super conservative awesome incredible lady but like, you know, but she Chugged a beer on the dance floor and like she can chug a beer better than anybody and it was like her And josh's two buddies and she beat all of them.  I mean like Watching her chug that beer was a highlight. I love it. That is so funny of the show So what is a pinch me moment? For you look I've had a few since you started One of them was definitely my grandelobry debut because grandelobry has always been my dream is to one day be a member I love the grandelobry so much another one was playing royal albert hall in london where the queen goes That was it. That was a big moment for me trying to think there's been there's been so many When a wild horse my debut record debuted at number one on the billboard chart I mean I've there's only been a few females that have done that with their debut record less than 10 Oh, no kidding. Um shinai twain one and a judge and so it's for my debut record to hit number one On billboard was was probably one of the biggest accomplishments. Congratulations. Yeah, that's amazing. Thank you. It really is. That's super cool So I think we know you're really close with blake and a lot of the the male artists What what's your relationship like with female country artists? It's been honestly like I think a lot of us females we Were up and coming at the same time like me lorna lana kelsey ballerini matty and tay There's just been so many artists that we've all kind of went through this together and I've you know, I've I have such a great great relationship with all those girls It's incredible to hang out with them because they understand The struggle that we've had to go through as women but also like We're all just doing it and making it happen and now we're in this, you know at the time like me and Matty and tay have pictures On radio tour when we're like 17 18 so little and you know tay has a baby now We're in these we're going through these phases of life together And we know what it's like to want to be pregnant and to have a family But also want this career for ourselves And I don't think that's like enough that people talk about is The juggle of that like being a mom and also being an artist. It's hard, but It's it's done every single day and that community of women has like Really been good for me. Like I've talked to Hilary Scott about it from lady Anna Bellum and A couple artists that aren't really in country music, but it's just been it's a different dynamic You know, it's not like, you know, my husband's doing music and I can be there and support him and have daisy Like it's just different So I did my first show in december and when I was on stage all I could think about was day Like I was like nervous.  It's different like totally. I'm the mom like that and I'm we're having to let that go But that the community of women here like have really helped me with that and in inspiring other artists that you know just There are times where we all get in a funk and it's important to stick up for each other to be there and I'm really excited about this new wave of women that are coming. I mean some new songwriters in town I have surrounded myself with female songwriters and this new wave of women is just so incredible because They are just being so unapologetically themselves and it's really cool to see They're continuing to be vulnerable and to another level that it's inspiring to me like I'm Seeing this new group of you know songwriters and artists and I'm like, why I gotta step up my game I've always been vulnerable, but I'm just saying like it's it's been really really cool to see Do you get like tons of dms from fans being like I want to be where you are? I want to be a country music artist and wanting advice and I'm sure you get like reached out to all I do and I message I message them back, you know, sometimes when I have time Yeah, I feel like I have no time anymore But I I love to reach like to talk to artists about their journey and stuff And I think the cool thing about the day and age that we live in now is there's so much that you can do in your bedroom Like there's so much you can do upload a video to youtube Write songs like You can live right now. You can make a name for yourself right now And I think that that's the cool place that we're in right now is like You can put out a song on spot of five you want to yeah, you don't know You know I'm saying like, you know, and it's just like it's it's just You need somebody to get you to get it on there, but it's so easy like you just pay some money and you do it But Justin Bieber was found. Yeah, you too. It was right and it's just like there is platforms You know so many ways to to grow your brand without The way that it used to be and it's great because it's creating more opportunities for these young artists and especially females and I'm just I'm really inspired honestly and Um and two I think another cool thing that I've seen is it's not just young artists because like I've Of course, I love young artists, but I'm like, what about the you know, 35 year old girl that had five kids and she's Amazing songwriter and artist but hasn't got the chance to do it because she's been a mom her whole life in a small town Those are the people that are getting seen now too. And it's like we've got to start Normalizing that it doesn't always have to be the young hot And over sexualizing young girls like that bothers me a little bit And I just think You know, well, she just needs to be older and so like that no like let her be young let her grow up like let her Write songs that are for the 15 and the 16 year old and the 17 year old girl And when she gets older, she's just gonna go through some things that make her want to write like when I wrote got my girls I was 17 that song was written from a 17 year old's perspective when I write when I sing got my girls now It's like I'm a woman and I'm singing it from a 27 year old woman's perspective, right? Right, but I'm so thankful that I had those songs because that's the place in life that I was in and But it's cool to see Songwriters that I've never heard of Make it on the scene in the last couple years and they're older and they're have had life I'm saying one thing. I want to write with somebody that's been through Honestly, like because I know that I'm gonna get a good song. It's been really cool that those walls are being You know the traditions are like, you know, and it's it's just really really a good point It's a really cool. I love that thing that Adele said. I'm not writing songs for tiktok I'm writing songs for the 30 year old that doesn't understand tiktok. Like, you know what I mean? I was like straight up. Listen. I love tiktok though.   I try to do the dances. It's weird I'm getting better. I like have to have some my friends like help me edit it But it's it's fun. I mean, I'm just excited for women in music right now.  You're such a good role model. You are. Yeah, that's incredible. You're so fun And yeah, I don't know. You feel like family immediately. It's interesting.  So if that doesn't like Yes, sum up me. Well, we thank you so much for being here. Oh my gosh. Thank you. You're busy No, I'm away from us. No, thank you. So thank you so much. Thank you. I appreciate it


I'm gonna jump down to line priest if I can, cheap shot, dance up here Nice piece, fair rogue Let's try Yeah, creep self going MC rogue, I don't get it Deep cheap Burning priest Okay, I'll let you, I'll let you No, no, no, no, no, you read Okay, okay, I did want to do one I'll say it's not going to cost Got rogue out Give me a read I get it, I read Can, can, can I bug vanish I think No I didn't No Resist fifth Yeah, I'll dip, I'll dip and burn Yeah, I'm burning, burning, burning I'm coming I'm coming I'll, I'll stun, I'll stun deep shot Cheap shot me 15 sec for fair dance on me I'll shrink a kidney Yeah, I'll shrink a door like I'm coming for fair, okay Trying to get this forward Got it, fairing Oh my god, I got gauge while facing away Oh, I'm gonna get, oh no, no, he fell into the field It's okay Yeah, it's over Fair, fair, fair Nice Burning priest Yes Oh no I'll keep rolling this Burning again I'm gonna try and get mana here Just come back if you need to I'll just block you if you need something Okay, I'm just gonna drink then Priest is really in, just come open field Yeah, I'll shift to priest I'll block you Okay, can you come? Yep I need to go for that We have eyes as well I'll, I'll pull the shield You're pretty good Yeah, I got it Okay, dancing on me Yeah Fair, fair, fair Okay, I need to... Deep row, deep row I'll shift to priest Can you silver? Yeah, I'm okay How much?   Yeah, the other one's gonna drink though Yeah, I'll try to bait him I fined in 40 sec, MC rogue Yeah sure, I'll drink Yeah, do, do, do You good?  I have fear in 10 seconds, okay? I'll re-hear me Blimey, blimey Prep One more sheep, okay I'm to keep red ball He has will though for my fear Sat me I got him I'm drinking Double Yeah, I got him I'll chip on their sheep MC freeze Yeah, it's yours, you forget it Nice SS I'll deep rock and win No, no Okay, okay Doing damage?


Welcome back. So we were discussing open systems where primarily the heat transfer was the main mechanism that was of interest. So in this small snippet, we will consider open systems where the work transfer is primarily of interest. So if one has to look at the engineering devices that fall under this category, those would be turbines where work is extracted or compressor, pumps, fans, where actually work is input into the device and what one does is that we will again draw an open system and show what is of importance and we will again consider a steady state operation and it will be left to our devices if we want to investigate something which is transient in nature. Now unlike the heat transfer devices, most of these work transfer devices have some specific symbols that have been conventionally associated with them and hence instead of drawing a strange shape for the open system, what I would do is I will draw a few shapes and mention where what kind of devices they normally represent. So for example, a turbine is represented as follows. So let me just write work transfer devices. This is one of the most common depiction of the turbine where we show an inlet here and an exit here and this is the work output that is expected from the turbine and this is one of the places where historically the nomenclature for W dot s comes about. Normally the turbine power, output power is fed to the generator via a shaft and this W dot s is supposed to represent a shaft power that is the useful power that we are or the useful work that we are getting out and that is one of the reasons that useful power or the work that we extract is normally labeled as W dot s. So in a turbine normally either gas or steam expands and hence we have this flow going from inlet to exit in this direction where we have shown an expanding device and this is the work transfer coming out and this is the exit of the turbine. Similarly, for a compressor one would draw as such it is just the reverse. So here we have drawn something which is converging in the sense that we are showing that you are compressing the air or steam that is being put in this is the inlet and exit. We have still drawn conventionally the work transfer as an outside arrow one should of course realize that it will be a negative number you actually put in work into the system. So this is compressor a pump is normally depicted by a circle though it performs the same duty as a compressor and one normally puts an arrow in the direction of pressure increase like this and shows an inlet I and an exit E and the work transfer W dot s. Sometimes for centrifugal pumps you would notice that the outside arrow is drawn radially out outward and that is some of the depiction of pumps you will see. So this is a pump. So we will consider the work transfer devices and how the open system looks for them in the next snippet. Thank you.


In this next lecture on modeling and analysis of machines, let us look at how the transformation to this arbitrary reference frame is being done. The arbitrary reference frame as we saw in the last lecture is a reference frame that is rotating. The speed at which it is going to rotate can be considered to be anything. You can fix the speed to be 0 in which case it would then be the stationary reference frame. You can fix the speed to be anything else that is useful. Normally the useful speeds are the synchronous speed in which case it is called as the synchronous reference frame or in some cases in the case of induction machine for example where the rotor rotates at a speed different than the synchronous speed. You could have a reference frame rotating with the speed of the rotor in which case you would say that the reference frame is a rotor reference frame. So this induction machine description that we have seen and we have evolved until now consists of a description in the so called stationary reference frame where you have the a axis and the beta axis. The a and beta axis are both fixed to the stator and therefore they are stationary and in this reference frame you have a stator excitation source which you would then call as the a s coil and then along the beta coil you have another excitation that is the beta s coil and then you have the rotor having been transformed to the stator side. It is a pseudo stationary reference frame for the rotor. So you have an a r coil and then you have a beta r coil. So what you would do is you would then apply a voltage v a to the stator and a flow of current i a is there. Remember we are using the notation that if you have a voltage the later here refers to the stator and the later on top refers to the rotor and therefore we have v a as far as the rotor is concerned both the a beta variables which were in the rotating reference frame of the rotor have an influence on what is v a here. Therefore we denoted this by the symbol v r but then on the a axis of the stator and similarly and you have a flow of current here that is i r a and similarly you have a voltage which is v beta and then r and a current i r beta flowing and then you have a voltage that is v beta and then a current i beta that is flowing and we said that dot points are here so that currents that are flowing in will cause additive magnetic field in the machine. So for this kind of a arrangement we had evolved starting from a three phase induction machine we had transformed the three phase to two phase both the stator and rotor and then the two phase of the rotor was transformed to the stationary reference frame and we arrived at a machine description which then looks like this.   So this is the vector of inputs that are applied 0 sequence included and then we had this description as r s being the stator resistance plus p times Ls where Ls is the self inductance and we had an expression for the self inductance Ls is L leakage plus 3 by 2 times Msr where Msr is the mutual inductance between the stator and the I am sorry in this case it is just Ms mutual inductance between the phases. And then you have 0 here because this is a coil that is really stationary it is not a pseudo stationary coil and then you have between the 0 sequence components so that is also 0 and then between the stator and the rotor so you have 3 by 2 times Msr p and then 0 for v r beta and then the last term is again 0. In the second axis we had 0 here and then rs plus Ls into p 0 and then 0 here this is 3 by 2 times Msr into p and then 0. So for the v 0 term of the stator you have rs plus L leakage inductance p and then 0 everywhere else for the v a r term this is a pseudo stationary coil that has been placed the rotor has been transformed to the stator and therefore you will have pdmf terms the first term then relates to the coil both on the a axis and therefore this is a transformer emf term so you have 3 by 2 times Msr into p whereas the second term relates to for this coil what happens due to flow of current in the beta axis and therefore that is a speed emf term so you have 3 by 2 times Msr into ?r and then you have the 0 sequence term is 0 and then you have rr plus Lr into p where Lr is then L leakage inductance of the rotor that being the stator and then 3 by 2 times Msr and then the term here this will be due to the beta axis so you have Lr into ?r and this term is 0 and then v ? axis so this is minus 3 by 2 times Msr into ?r and then this is 3 by 2 times Msr into p and this is 0 and then minus Lr into ?r rr plus Lr into p and 0 and then the last row which corresponds to the 0 sequence of the rotor winding so that would be 0 here 0 here 0 here 0 here 0 here and rr plus Lr into p so this is the so called operational impedance matrix and this multiplies the vector of currents i a i ? i 0 and then i r a i r ? and i r 0 so this was the description at which point we stopped and then tried to see how this description can be used in order to describe DC machines so now we come back to AC machines. What we want to do now if we look at this excitation v a and the flow of current i a they are basically excitations and the response at the frequency of the supply so v a would then have an expression like some vm into cos of ?t and then v ? would then be vm into sin of ?t all the variables here are now going to be at the frequency of the supply the entire machine behavior is viewed from the stator terminals if you remember back on the induction machine equivalent circuit that you would have done in your first machine course you would have drawn the machine equivalent circuit referred to the stator in which all the excitations the responses are all at supply frequency and you have a similar kind of situation here. What we want to see is how this would change if you go to a rotating frame that is now going to move so let us say that you have a rotating frame a frame that is that has a an axis here which we will call as the d axis and an axis 90 degrees to that which we will call as the q axis this angle is of course 90 degrees and this reference frame that is rotating at this particular instant that we have drawn this figure this reference frame makes an angle of ? with respect to the a axis that is fixed on the stator and let us further say that we now want to find out what will be the mmf generated by let us say the stator excitations forget about the rotor for the time being let us look at the a applied to the stator v ? applied to the stator there is a current flowing i ? and i a as a result of that there is going to be mmf produced around the machine air gap and we want to know what will be the mmf that is produced due to this at some arbitrary angle let us say that this angle is ? so we want to know what is the mmf that is produced at this angle ? so in order to do that what we can do is to find out the mmf distribution due to this excitation in a and if you remember we had looked at the mmf generated by a distributed stator winding it was trapezoidal in nature and then we split it in the fundamental in Fourier series we neglected the other terms in the Fourier series and we took only the fundamental so we are looking at the fundamental component alone and that will then be the number of turns that are available here if you call this as number of turns of the stator or let us call it as it is not really number of turns of the stator let me call it as n a ? ? for the stator and we can call the rotor turns as n a ? that is to mean in the a ? reference frame what are the number of turns the stator turns and the rotor turns may be different so if you now have n a ? as the number of turns in the stator we are considering only the stator for the time being then the mmf generated by this i a that is flowing in so many turns at this point 5 could be written as n a ? multiplied by i a into some term which is a fixed number since it is going to be a fixed number some scale factor will be involved looking at the amplitude of the mmf however this is enough for our equations now this multiplied by cos ? is going to be the mmf due to this current at this angle ? and then you have the mmf due to the flow of current in the other axis which one can write as n a ? again because the number of turns are the same in both axis this multiplied by i ? multiplied by sin ? so this is then the mmf f at a particular angle 5 please note again that this i a is the instantaneous value of whatever current is flowing there so if we have drawn this diagram at a given instant of time t then this current i a is that flow of current at that particular instant it is not the rms value or the peak value so to say but now from the figure we can write 5 as this is the angle that we want to say we can write that as ? plus this small difference and therefore I can write this as ? plus 5 – ? so ? is nothing but ? plus 5 – ? and we substitute this expression in the expression for mmf so what we have is f equals let me take this n a ? out and then you have i a cos of ? plus 5 – ? plus i ? into ? plus 5 – ? so that is what you have and these expressions can be simplified again you have 5 – ? as one group and then ? in the other expression so you have n a ? multiplied by i a cos ? plus cos ? cos 5 – ? minus i a sin ? sin 5 – ? and then plus i a cos ? cos 5 – ? this is a this is i ? sin of this so this is i ? sin ? cos 5 – ? sin a cos b and then plus cos a that is the expression you get upon expanding this mmf term and what we can do in this is group the terms we will group all terms that are having this in one hand therefore cos 5 – ? is here cos 5 – ? is here so we can write this further as n a ? multiplied by i a cos ? plus i a sin ? this whole thing multiplied by cos of ? – ? and then you have – i a sin ? plus i ? cos ? into sin of ? – ? that is what you get so we started out with the mmf that is produced by the coil stator a coil and stator ? coil and that mmf equation is the same as what we have derived here however if you look at this equation this equation says that you can write this as n a ? multiplied by let me call this term as id and let me call this term as iq so I have id cos 5 – ? plus iq sin 5 – ? now let us look at the first expression the first expression says that the mmf is produced mmf at this angle ? is given by some maximum value of mmf around the circumference multiplied by cos 5 it is multiplied by cos 5 because this mmf source which is the flow of current in this coil along the a axis is separated by an angle 5 from the point at which we want to determine the mmf similarly this coil is separated by an angle of 90 – 5 from the point where we want to determine the mmf now that is equal to this and if you look at this expression it says that you can consider the mmf at this point 5 at this angle 5 which is generated as being generated by a flow of current along an axis which is separated by ? – ? from the point where we are determining the mmf and this is 90 – 5 – ? which means that this is equivalent to saying that you have a coil along the d axis and you have a coil along the q axis and let us assume that there is a current here flowing which is id and there is a current here that is flowing which is iq and this axis is separated from the displaced from the place where we want to determine the mmf by an angle which is ? – ? that is this angle and therefore instead of considering the mmf here being generated by this coil and this coil due to a current i a and ib I can get the same value by considering a coil which is now placed along the d axis and q axis which has a current id and iq flowing in it id being defined by this expression i a cos ? plus ib sin ? and iq being defined by this expression – i a sin ? plus ib ib x cos ?. So effectively we are now looking at the system being viewed from this moving set of axis we are no longer looking at this but we are looking at the same mmf being generated from this set of axis which may be moving at this particular instant it is at an angle ? and therefore now we can define a relationship between id and iq as being equal to cos ? sin ? – sin ? and cos ? times i a and ib we are doing this only to the a and b terms we are not doing anything with respect to the zero sequence term the zero sequence term as we saw sometime back is deemed to be along an axis that is 90 degrees to both a and b that means out of the plane and that is not really going to affect the mmf here because this angle is equal to 90 degrees that is on a different plane and therefore we transform only the a to this dq this is for the stator we could have done the same thing for the rotor as well because the rotor also has one coil now those pseudo stationary one coil on the a axis and one coil on the a axis we if we want to determine at this angle ? what is the mmf generated due to this current in the a coil and this current in the a coil you would proceed in the same way and you would get a similar expression for the equivalent flow of currents along the d and q axis. So you would have put d as a superscript q as a superscript and then this would be ir a and ir ? so both the stator and the rotor have now been referred to this so called arbitrary reference frame now again why is it arbitrary because the speed of rotation that means d ? by dt ? is the angle made by this d axis with respect to the a axis and if this is going to be rotating ? is changing with time and d ? by dt we will simply call it as ?x we do not know what that speed is the speed in general the useful values of speed are it could be ?s which is the synchronous speed it could be ?r which is the rotor speed it could be ?0 which means 0 speed these are three useful values that are usually then considered in the literature let us look at what is the implication of this kind of referring. So in this reference frame we know the expressions for i a and i ? we know that i a has this form some amplitude multiplied by cos ?t where ? is then the synchronous speed because the frequency of stator excitation is going to determine the speed at which the mmf revolves around the air gap which is nothing but the synchronous speed so that is ?s and similarly you have i ? equals im sin ?s in t. So if you substitute these two into this expression what do we get you get id equals im cos ?st cos ? plus im sin ?st into sin ? which is nothing but im into cos of ?st – ? similarly you have iq which is im – im sin ? cos ?st plus im cos ? sin ?st this is then equal to im into sin of ?st – ? now let us first look at the case where d ? by dt is equal to ?s that means the reference frame is rotating at synchronous speed so if it is rotating at synchronous speed d ? by dt equal to ?s means that ?s or ? equals ? integral of this so that is nothing but ?s into t but in order to satisfy the integration we need to add an arbitrary term ? which will have to be evaluated based on some initial conditions of the system that means at t equal to 0 ? will be equal to ? so ? then represents the angle which the d axis of the reference frame makes with the a axis of the stator at t equal to 0 ? may be 0 or ? may be something else. So if we substitute this expression here what you get is id equals im into cos of so when you put this here ?st – ?st – ? so you get im of – cos of ? which is im cos ? and iq is im sin of ?st – ?st – ? which is im sin of – ? that is – im sin ? that is what you have what is interesting here is that this expression id and iq are not dependent on the variable t that means these are basically constants they are not functions of time being that that also means now therefore id and iq are dc quantities which means now that the excitation provided to this d axis and q axis is no longer ac but it is dc that is very interesting and has very useful implications when you are trying to design a control system I think sometime back I mentioned that it would be good to have dc variables in the loop in order to have your PI controllers they work well with dc and you can be assured of 0 error if it is designed appropriately. How much is the dc value however depends on the angle which the d axis makes at t equal to 0 one can choose that angle appropriately you can choose it based on any condition that you want and if you choose ? equal to 0 then id becomes equal to im and then iq is 0 so that is again useful to say that if I orient my frame d and q axis the reference frame if it is oriented at some particular angle then you can see that only d axis component exist and there is no q axis component. So this is one interesting aspect of the development on the other hand suppose I choose d? by dt that is the speed of the reference frame as being equal to ?r then what happens then id becomes equal to im x cos of ?st-?r t-? which is nothing but im cos of ?s-?r x t-? and therefore this now ?s-?r x t is the frequency of flow of excitation flow in the rotor. So this is nothing but the slip frequency one can alternatively write this as s x ?s x t and therefore that is nothing but the slip frequency that is there. Similarly iq is im x sin of ?s-?r x t-? and this is therefore in the slip frequency that means if you transform yourself to a frame that is going to be rotating at rotor speed that means with respect to the rotor the reference frame is stationary because both are rotating at now at the same speed and if they are rotating at the same speed you are then observing all the dynamics of the machine from a frame that is rotating along with the rotor or so to say sitting on the rotor then what you see is the excitations that are applied to the d and q axis are of slip frequency in nature that means anything that you see from the rotor all the MMFs that are there in the air gap they all appear to be rotating at slip frequency. The actual MMF is rotating at synchronous speed but then sitting on the rotor you are also rotating at rotor speed and therefore with respect to you the MMFs are rotating at synchronous speed how about d ? by dt equal to 0 that means if the reference frame is stationary then d ? by dt equal to 0 and therefore ? is a fixed number and therefore the expressions will simply be id equals im cos ?t-? where ? is a simple number not a function of time and therefore id will be at the frequency of the supply iq is at the frequency of the supply it simply amounts to rotating this a and ? axis by some angle and this is also stationary. So this is just if the reference frame is not going to rotate and the speed is 0 then it amounts to simply shifting the axis by some angle and therefore since it is stationary the excitations are all at supply frequency. So with this reference frame then one can choose whatever you want as I said most for most analysis the synchronous speed reference frame is the one that is of use and that is therefore called as synchronous reference frame this as I mentioned before it is called rotor reference frame and this is then the stator reference frame. So these are the cases now we have dealt with i a and i ? being transformed to id and iq how about the supply voltages. So in order to get that what we say is let us assume that power is invariant which means that the net power that is given in the a b reference frame can be written as i transpose a b reference frame i transpose v is the input that is given in the a b reference frame and what we have here is this idq is equal to let us call this as the C matrix or let us call it more as let us not call it as C we have been using all along let me call it as D matrix let me call it as D11 multiplied by i a beta. So if I now want to find out i a beta having known id and iq I need to pre-multiply this by D11 inverse and what would be the inverse of this the inverse of this is nothing but the transpose of this because the determinant is 1 cos2 delta plus sin2 delta is 1 and therefore we can say i a beta equals D11 transpose into idq. So let us substitute this expression in our expression for the total input electrical power and therefore this becomes D11 transpose into idq and transpose of that multiplied by v a beta this is nothing but idq transpose multiplied by D11 into v a beta which we can now designate as idq transpose into vdq where vdq is then this expression and one can see that vdq is similar to the definition for v for a beta to dq and therefore we write vdq equals D11 into v a beta so the manner in which the i a beta gets transformed to idq and v a beta gets transformed to vdq they are identical. So having defined this these equations we now need to see how that impacts our machine description. So the machine description we have already written down in the stationary reference frame what we have basically this equation can be written as you would have seen now many times can be written as v equals r into i plus l into vi plus g into i into ?r that is our expression. So all these are in the a beta frame lr and then g so on. Now what we want to do is to use those equations remember these vectors have both stator terms and rotor terms you have the stator terms here first three of them are stator and the next three of them are the rotor terms and what we want to do is define a relationship between we want to transform this to the dq reference frame. So we want to define a relationship from the stator to rotor you have vd vq so we have a relationship which we want to define from the a beta to the dq reference frame. So let us say vd vq v0 these are the stator terms and then you have vd vq and v0 which are the rotor terms so that is what we have and we need to define them in terms of v a vbeta v0 for the stator and the rotor now obviously we have seen that the stator equations depend only on stator variables stator equations do not depend on the rotor variables and therefore what we can say is here you have cos ? and then sin ? – sin ? cos ? 0 sequence as I mentioned is unchanged we do not touch the 0 sequence it is not necessary to touch that so that remains the same and this does not depend on the rotor terms and therefore these three are 0 when you come to the rotor you have it does not depend on the stator 0 sequences or the a beta so that is not there similarly here you have cos ? sin ? 0 – sin ? cos ? 0 0 1 so this is the transformation that is then used from v a vbeta v0 v a but r vbeta but the rotor and v0 rotor so that is the expression and that is why we called this matrix as d11 so that is the same as d22 also these are 0 matrices so what we can say is vdq let us now have this notation dq for the stator and dq for the rotor as well this is equal to d times v a beta on the stator and the rotor is also referred to a beta of the stator so this vector we let us call it as a beta and then r similarly then we can define idq dq is d times ir a beta using this we need to do we need to look at what happens to the equations and if we want v a beta then we have to pre-multiply this by d inverse and because this is a matrix that has entries only in the block diagonal and this term inverse of this itself is equal to the d11 with a superscript so what we can say is d transpose into vdq dq is equal to v a beta r and similarly idq dq and d transpose is equal to i a beta r so it is these two equations that we need to substitute in this in order to find out our new machine description which we shall proceed to do so now so what we have is we substitute so dd transpose pdq dq equals r d transpose i dq dq plus l times p d transpose i dq dq plus g times d transpose i dq dq omega r and therefore if I want to find out vdq dq you have to multiply by the inverse of this matrix throughout and again inverse is nothing but the transpose and therefore this is d times here d times here and d times here and therefore this simplifies as dr d transpose i dq dq plus now in this term you have p and then d transpose i dq dq this d is also going to be dependent on t with respect to time that is and therefore one can write this as dl d transpose p i dq dq plus dl pd transpose i dq plus dg d transpose i dq into omega r now in this term pd transpose you are taking the derivative of d and d depends on delta therefore you will get a d delta by dt term which is then your term which depends upon the speed of the reference ring. So this is the expression that you get and one has to substitute the terms and simplify it to see what is the effect it is going to have on the equations of the machine itself which I will leave it to you as an exercise to do you will look at the final equations in the next lecture you will stop here for now.