Hello everyone and welcome once again to another edition of the Red Brown and Williams real estate show. I'm Shannon Deskins along with Jennifer Brown Day. You've got a lot to tell people today don't you on the show. We do and in addition to our regular listings that of course we're really excited about we also have a new agent in the Pockfield office who's going to introduce himself in our real estate minute today. Alright now I know that you're glad to have the new addition to your staff but you're always looking for qualified people to come work with you all. As we've discussed before we do have four offices up and down US 23, Louisa, Panksville, Prestonsburg and Pockfield. We are always looking for licensed real estate agents and appraisers so if you have an interest in a new career definitely give us a call. Alright now keep thinking about that while we tell you these five listings in the area and these are all your listings today. They are, they are my listings and the reason we've got these today they're either new listings that are brand new on the market or we've got some reductions we want to share with everybody. Okay well let's start out with a new listing and this one's a little different than before this one's a townhouse. It is, this is a townhouse and this is one of the best areas in Pockfield. People love this area, this is Fields Way which people are very familiar with if you're in downtown Pockfield. Right and this is just off of Hambly Boulevard I guess you would call it as you're going toward the Cedar Creek area. You've got the Cornerstone Christian Church, this is that group of townhouses right behind there. That's correct, that's correct. This one sits on the front row which if you're familiar with how Fields Way lines up that front row is more of the patio style. It's a one level townhouse so it is a really nice layout. It's a very open layout. This one happens to be the last one on the street so you actually have privacy which isn't something you usually describe with a townhouse. Right. But you do have privacy with this one. You've got a yard that you could fence if you wanted to. I mean there's just extra space to do with as you please. You never hear the townhouse and yard going together but it does in this listing. It does with this one and yes you have a lot of space. There's actually a couple end units on up. They've got nice fenced yards or they've extended their driveway to allow for additional driveway space. It's kind of whatever you would want to do. You actually have the space to do it in this unit. Then looking at the inside the pictures on the screen show that this one a lot of the extras they've taken the time to put everything extra they can possibly put in this home. Absolutely. It's got high ceilings throughout. You've got tile flooring pretty much throughout. You do have hardwood in the bedrooms. A very open layout like I said before and then you do have it's a two bedroom two nice size rooms. Both of them have full bathrooms so you can have two master suites. It's very easy to have multiple people in the townhouse at one time and then you actually have a half bath for guests in addition. Right and then talking about the living space on the inside and we talked about the yard on the outside. Well you've got a screened in porch which kind of merges the two together. Exactly and it is a really really nice screen porch. That's probably one of my favorite areas. I spend all my time on this screen porch because it really is nice and it's they've got ceiling fans out there so you can enjoy a breeze while you sit under the screen porch and then of course like we said you're the end unit so you actually have a private view part of the way to enjoy as well. Right and then that's in addition to the square footage which it's almost 1700 square feet as it is and we're talking about this screened in porch which may be your favorite room in the house but it's not actually your room. Correct and it's not included so that's bonus square footage. Absolutely absolutely it is and then something we haven't mentioned this also has an attached to car garage. Wow that is a lot for a townhouse so definitely something if you're in the market at this price range which is just under $300,000 $295,000 for this townhouse in Pikeville at Fieldsway and of course this is your listing so let's give the Pikeville office number. Okay the Pikeville office number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. And when you give Jennifer a call on this listing make sure you mention 106-838. That is the MLS number for this listing. Sounds good let's go to number two. Let's go to number two and now this one is off of Harold's branch which those of you familiar with Pikeville you're right behind Pikeville Medical Center. Great great this is a new listing right behind the Medical Center like you said and this one is great because it has so many possibilities with it. There you can see in the pictures it is a house that is included you also have 10 acres you also have an additional lot that's included in those 10 acres that already comes with a water meter and a driveway of its own. So you have house and acreage or you can have a house a house seat an additional acreage. You really have a lot of space on this one to to make it fit your needs. Right and then right there you're telling me if I wanted to I could purchase this and this additional property turn around list it back with you for that extra lot and make some of my money back or pay a big chunk on my mortgage. Absolutely and then you can also you know in this area it's very popular you know you've got a kid that's getting ready to graduate or something and you want them out of the house but you don't necessarily want them too far away. This is a great one you could easily have them close by if you wanted to an elderly parent anything like that a great property for that. And they've done a lot of updates to this household I mean I'm just looking at the list right now you've got new paint and that's got a new metal roof which are it's a popular thing these days. Exactly and then they've also done some new releminate flooring in the kitchen area and the utility area. The one thing with this one that's really hard to imagine I know the square footage is on the screen it's about a little over 1500 square feet that is just on the first floor the second floor doesn't have heating and cooling so we can't actually count it as finished heating or finished square footage right but it is finished with the exception of that so you have two more bedrooms upstairs it's actually could be an easily a five bedroom house. But it's only going to be technically because of the heating and cooling issue not listed in the square footage so don't look at that 1500 square foot thing and though wow that's too small for me this is one you're going to have to come look at. Yeah you really need to see this one because you have a lot more space in the house and with the land than you would actually imagine. $161,000 for the house the 10 acres and like we said the separate lot which could be sold or used for another house so definitely give Jennifer a call or even shoot her an email what's your email address. The email is jbrown at rbnw.com. All right mention 106802 that is the MLS number four that house on Harold's branch. Okay moving along let's get out of the city limits and go south on 23 for a little while and to Rocky Road. Okay this is again new listings on Rocky Road and we're doing something a little bit different with this one I don't think we've ever done it before but it's actually two listings but we're going to kind of combine it in one little section. Right and the way you said this is it's really you need to give it all together even though it's broken up into two numbers because one has the house on it the other has the land. Exactly and they're not side by side they're not completely adjacent but the house literally looks over Rocky Road onto the lot so it's two separate deeds and that kind of stuff but if you're looking to be in the Millard area if you want a house that's a little bit of a project the house needs a little bit of work but it's a great house ready for a buyer if you're looking for a house you have an option if you want to do something on your own you also have some land there that makes it a great option. Right and you were talking about the house three bedrooms one bathroom and it's one of those project houses I guess you could say you come in and you make it your own and it's something that's really neat on this one is it's got unfinished basement space that we can't really count as anything but it's great storage it's great access to the underneath the house which if people work in cross spaces I'm sure they appreciate. So it's got a lot of possibilities with it and then total acreage we talked about the extra lot but that extra lot is in addition to the whole total of 21 acres correct and like you said there's three access drives to this property four or five different flats so if you're the developer type and you're the project person which I think this could be a listing that we could just say project oriented yes you could clear those flats off and make who knows how many house seats in this area. Absolutely in this area you know if you drive down Rocky Road the house is going to be to your right and you can look very easily driving by I know we always recommend people driving by you can see the flats these aren't flats that are hidden in the heel that these are flats that are very very noticeable and most of them actually already have water run to them. So anyone who's looking to possibly develop extra house seats or anything this is definitely very attractive for them to look at. Absolutely. And for the price too $119,900 so basically $120,000 for the first part and then the extra the extra lot is $29,000. Correct. So total you're under $150,000 for this entire listing. Absolutely. Okay give you a call on this one. They can give the Parkville office a call again that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Okay now staying in Pike County but moving on to get back out on 23 and go a little farther south this one's on Indian Creek. This one's on Indian Creek we have actually covered it before but this is one of the ones that's been reduced and I just want to make sure and reiterate to everyone how great this house is and make sure everybody knows the new price. And I love this house I mean it's a smaller house but it's cozy looking and I just like the way it looks I mean you're looking at about 1,300 square feet but then again you still have three bedrooms in this house so it's very well used space. Absolutely. And the three bedrooms the great thing about this house is they use the square footage extremely wisely. So you actually have a bedroom that's either got a walk-in closet or an office attached to it. It can even be a small nursery depending on what your needs are and you have the and then you have the additional two bedrooms to that. And that's the way you can tell the well use of space you're in there and it's 1,300 square feet but it doesn't feel like it. Right. So you've got it feels like a much larger house but then again when it comes to cleaning it and taking care of it and maintenance you're going to love the smaller feel. Absolutely, absolutely. And then it's got original hardwood flooring in it but they have updated the kitchen with new cabinets you can see in the picture I think we have a kitchen picture. So it's just a house that's been really well taken care of it honestly is unless you wanted to personalize it or something came up on a home inspection that was unexpected it's a move-in ready property. Right and then the location isn't bad it's very convenient to US 23 which we're talking about Indian Creek. So basically you're not very far out of the city limits of Pikeville on the south side of town and then you get that country feel. Exactly, exactly and if you're going up Indian Creek this property is going to sit on your left of course our sign is in the R so it's pretty easy to locate. Your signs are pretty noticeable and anything whether it's you these listings or not jot down the number give your office a call and you can show any of these listings. Absolutely I can or our new agent can which I'm sure he'll be able to tell you about. And we'll meet him in just a moment. Okay now the price on that one was just reduced to 86.5 so very attractive price for this house on Indian Creek. All right now we're going to end the show with one we've done a couple times before but it's worth mentioning today because they've just done a price reduction. Exactly we're including this one again for the price reduction. I'm sure if the pictures are already on the screen you can see and you recognize this house this is one of my favorite houses for us to do because we both we both kind of like that style. But this is the log house that sits in Coal Run it's up Tolly Lane which is right off US 23 as you go through Coal Run extremely convenient location and then this is it sits on three and a half acres most of it is usable yard space. Well you can see it in in a photo it's that was a great picture to show this home because it's like yard yard yard oh there's the house yeah yeah and that being right this close to Pikeville technically in Coal Run but it's all right there and you don't find that very often. You don't you don't and then you can see in the other pictures you've got all the wood detailing the log detailing nice big open kitchen to the family room and dining area and then you also have formal living and dining. Instead of this a home I want to call this I keep looking at it I think it's a lodge yeah it's another house this is a lodge. A mountain chalet that's right you've got the exposed beams you've got the big windows that look out over it I mean you just get that feel of it's a lodge and that that could be your home every day of the year. Why would you even leave? Exactly and with the amount of space it's got you really wouldn't have to because you've got four bedrooms you've got three full baths and then two half baths. One of those bathrooms is in the finished basement which we haven't even mentioned yet but it's got a walkout basement that's over 1200 square feet that's got a kitchen ad in it nice office space and then you have all the square footage above which is you know over 3700 square feet of space. Right you're talking you're talking total about 5000 square foot of house so this is definitely if you're in the market for this remember this just went through a pretty good size price reduction too so we're now at $488,800 so $489,000 for this plus all the acreage right outside of Pikeville. Let's go over your phone number and your email address both for the Pikeville office. Okay the phone number for Pikeville is<PHONE_NUMBER> and I'm actually going to give the website if that's okay. Oh that's even better. We'll do the website it's R-B-N-A-N-D spelled out W.com. Where you can find this listing all of Red Brown and Williams listings and now all the other realtors in Eastern Kentucky their listings are there too which you can show any of those. Absolutely any of our agents can show any listing in Eastern Kentucky especially your new agent we're going to meet him right now. Exactly. Hello my name is Matt Bowie I'm the newest Kentucky licensed real estate agent at Red Brown and Williams. I'm excited to be a part of the RBW family and to assist people of Eastern Kentucky with their real estate needs. I'm proud to have been born, raised and educated in Eastern Kentucky. What can I offer you the buyers and sellers of the area? I plan to offer outstanding service that I've acquired over several years of sales experience and customer service throughout my career. Also I'll use passion and integrity two things I learned during my previous career serving the United States Air Force to make sure every client is taken care of. I'll put all my clients first and I look forward to working with you, my future clients, on finding new homes, selling old homes and making your real estate dreams a reality. Thank you for joining us for the Red Brown and Williams real estate show we hope you'll join us again soon.


سيدنا والنبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد براثز and sisters قبل of days ago nearly a week now every one of us either saw or read or came across what took place what took place what happened what happened what happened what came across what took place in Paris so insha'Allah my aim and objective today insha'Allah is to talk about that matter that took place what does the sharia believe regarding it so insha'Allah the way I hope to talk about it is just from one particular point there are many angles that the matter can be spoken about but I don't want to speak about it from any other angle except this particular one which is the issue of contract and covenant first of all what we need to know brothers and sisters is that الله سبحانه وتعالى as Muslims He ordered us to fulfill the promises the covenants the oaths the words that we give that we stick to our words and that we don't break it الله سبحانه وتعالى He said إن العهد كان مسؤولة فأفل your promises فأفل the oaths that you make for verily you are responsible for the promises that you make so Allah explicitly orders us to fulfill our promises and that we're responsible إن العهد كان مسؤولة it's a responsibility the day of judgment which we're going to be questioned for Allah praised His slaves and the believers الله praised them for fulfilling the promises that they make الله سبحانه وتعالى He said الله said about the believers they are those who fulfill the promises that they make and they don't break their oaths they don't break it so that characteristics of fulfilling the promises that you make stick into what you've the word that you've given it's a sign from the signs of Iman and the opposite is the hypocrites and the people who claim Iman who claim Islam are the ones who when they make promises they don't stick to their promises إمام البخاري and Muslim both of them narrated in their authentic book on the authority of Abdullah Ibn Amr Ibn Aas رضي الله تعالى عنهما that the prophet said أربع من كن فيه كان منافقا خالصا anyone who has these four present in him really he is a pure munafic and from those four things was إذا وعد أخلاف if he makes a promise he breaks it if he makes a promise breaks it he breaks that promise or she breaks that promise brothers and sisters الله سبحانه وتعالى ordered us in the Quran that if the disbeliever asks us for shelter and he asks us that we give him a covenant shelter help aid الله تعالى تعالى he said that وإن أحد من المشركين استجارك if one of the disbelievers they come into your shelter الله says فأجره give him shelter حتى يسمع كلام الله until he hears the words of Allah ثم أبلغ مأمنة and make him reach a safe place ذالك بأنهم قوموا لا يعلمون and the reason is because they are a people who don't know so Allah tells us in that verse that if they come that we need to give it to them the shelter that they request for one person is enough to give a covenant and a contract and every other Muslim has to adhere and submit to that covenant that was given by that one particular person and that is based on the حديث of أمو هاني رضي الله تعالى عنها أمو هاني she said ذهبت إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عام الفتح she said when the conquest the year of the conquest of Makkah she said I went to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and so she said I found him having a bath and his daughter Fatima تستره she was covering her father she said فسلمت عليه I greeted him and then he said man happy who is this person and then she said فقلت أنا أمو هاني بنت أبي طالب I am أمو هاني the daughter of أبي طالب the prophet said to her مرحبا بأمو هاني welcome umu hani when the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he finished his bath and he prayed eight unit of ركعة eight unit of prayer the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he looked at أمو هاني and she said to him يا رسول الله علي بن أبي طالب he claims that he is going to kill a person I have given them a shelter I have given them a covenant I have given them a oath I have given my word to this person and علي بن أبي طالب wants to come and kill that person the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he looked at أمو هاني and he said to her قد أجرنا من أجرت يا أمو هاني we have given them safety the person you've given safety to so based on that what it shows us is one person is able to give shelter and one person can bring the disbeliever into the Muslim land and no one is allowed to touch that person نعيم أبن مسؤول رضي الله وإن شاء الله now what I'm going to do is I'm going to give you guys examples of how the messenger stuck to the words and the promises of the messenger and the messenger and the messenger and the messenger and the messenger stuck to the words and the promises that he gave and how he never broke a promise that he made And that he didn't deceive نعيم ما سعود رضي الله تعالى عنه he said that the prophet عليه السلام and he said this statement of his عليه السلام when two messengers came from a man by the name of the man فيما يقولون بلعب البلوات الصلاة الله عليه وسلم when the two messengers came to the prophet The prophet said to the two of the messengers Both of the messengers He said to them What do you both believe about Mussayلم And they said to the Prophet إنه رسول الله Mussayلم is a messenger from Allah The messenger then said to both of them لو أن رسول لو أن الرسول لا تقتل قتل تكمة لو لو لان الرسول لا تقتل لقتل توقمه if the messengers were not those who are killed meaning messengers weren't killed if that policy that universal principle or that universal law was not in place that messengers were not killed I would have killed you both but because universally no one killed and messengers are those who are not killed the messengers said I won't kill you both meaning we don't deceive messengers their job the messenger is not killed it's universally agreed upon what does that show you our messenger عليه الصلاة والسلام wasn't the one who made this covenant and he was not the one who made this promise but with that even then he said I won't kill you both إمام وحمد أنا بداود narrated this also the great noble companion رضي الله تعالى عنه he said قد أرسلت لي قريش قد أرسلت لي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم he said I was sent to the prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم I was sent to him and when I was sent to him I came and when I saw the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم فوقع في قلبي شيء something fell into my heart towards the prophet meaning I started to love him I wanted to remain with him and I wanted to become one of his disciples his companions then I told the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم that I want to remain with you and I don't want to go back and I want to believe in you the messenger said to him عليه الصلاة والسلام إني لا أخيص بالأحدي ولا أحبس البرد ولكن ارجع إلى قومك فإن كان في نفسك الذي فيها فإن كان في نفسك الذي فيها الآن وفرجع the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said I don't bring promises and I don't imprison messengers I don't imprison them ولكن but go back to your people if you go back to your people and whatever you're feeling now still remains in your heart it still remains in your heart then with your own choice come back to me but the messenger didn't accept him to do it now why? because what they're going to say is that Muhammad he broke the universal law and the messengers are not imprisoned he broke that promise and that he imprisoned the messenger so the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said to him that I don't bring promises and I don't imprison the messengers the delegations that are sent I don't imprison them this is a Hadith narrated by Abu Dawood and Ahmed حديثة ابن اليامان رضي الله تعالى عنهما he said ما منعني أن أشهد بدرن nothing stopped me from participating nothing stopped me I mean I could have participated in the battle of bedr but the only thing that prevented me from participating in the battle of bedr and my father as well is that that disbelievers the people of Makkah they found out that Hudayf and his father were both wanting to leave Makkah and they both wanted to go to Medina when they found out they came to them both and sent to them to read to them محمد you both want محمد you both want محمد and then they said ما نريد we don't want محمد ما نريد إلا المدينة the only place we want to go to is Medina فأخذوا من أحد الله وميثاقه and they took a covenant an oath of the oath of Allah وميثاقه إلا نصرفنا إلى المدينة that we're going to go to Medina and that we're not going to be with محمد and that we're not going to participate in the battle of Badr with him they took that oath with us and they gave it to them ولا نقاتل معه فأتينا رسول الله we came to the messenger and we informed him فأخبرناه الخبر we informed him of what Quraysh did with us that they took a covenant with us the messenger when he was told he said إن صريفا both of you go leave us نفئ لهم بأحدهم ونستعين الله عليهم نحن نفئ لهم ونسأل الله أساعد من الله يعني نسأل الله to support us in fighting towards them but you two go back fulfill your promises that you made and so what does that show us brothers and sisters that a Muslim sticks to the covenant and the promises that he makes and now we find that what we took place in France those people they entered the country a visa was given to them and they came in and they deceived the people of the land by causing bloodshed within the land in which they were given a covenant a man's safety a contract now the question that arises is ما ينعقدو به الأمان أم بابدو الأمان what is that which a man a safety can be referred to what's the barbid for it when can we say this is a man when can it be they mention that the amen so when can a person say I have a contract with these people or I have a covenant with them when the scholars they say that the amen the covenant or a misaq or a ahad all of that the scholars they say the asal for it is what أنه على التوسيعتي وليس على التضيق and then it can be based upon what does that mean it's mere assumption speculation mere assumption speculation and I will explain that more and permission permission is a contract also mere assumption speculation and it's a matter which is أنه على التوسيع وليس على التضيق and that means that this issue is very loose and it's not what the matter is that and I will explain what that means عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه السعيد بن منصور that عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه he said he said عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه he said anybody who points his finger to the sky and then to a mushrik so he points his finger to the sky and then he points it towards the mushrik فقاتله and then he kills the mushrik فنزل بأماني and disbeliever thinks that you've given him safety because when you pointed your finger up the sky and then you pointed towards him the disbeliever thought you were trying to say that I have given you safety but you weren't trying to say that he thinks you said that فقاتله and you kill him عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه he said I will kill you for it so all you've done is you pointed your finger at the sky and you pointed it at him and the disbeliever thought you was giving him safety so he came into the land and then you killed him عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه he said anyone who does that فقاتله I will عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه it doesn't mean I will kill him but I will severely deal with him I will severely deal with him امام وحمد بن حمبل رحمه الله as he is written in the book انصاف and الفروع وموفق الدين ابن قدام he mentions in his كتاب المغني امام وحمد is going to give us اضباب it very powerful امام وحمد إذا أشير إليه إذا أشير إليه أي الكافر if it's pointed towards the kafir بشيء in a matter somebody points something towards the kafir بشيء غير الأمن but it really isn't safety you said something you indicated something you pointed at something you came across to him that you're giving him safety غير الأمن but it wasn't he was saying to him I will kill you but he thought to himself that you were saying to him I'll look after you فضنه أمانا and the disbeliever thought you were giving him safety فهو أمانا it's a safety you can't kill him وكل شيء يرى العلج أنه أمانا for him and anything that the disbeliever sees it to be safe sees it to be a contract it's a contract the matter is based on what he thinks not what you meant this is important the issue is not what you meant it is what he understood وكل شيء يرى العلج العلج is the kafir everything that the kafir sees أنه أمانا that it's a safety فهو أمانا it's a safety you can't touch him شاكو الإسامي بلوتايم رحمه الله he commented on the statement بما محمدونا حبل in his book رحمه الله فهذا يقطب إن عقاده بما يعتقده العلج وإن لم يقصيته المسلم إما مؤتمر رحمه الله يسيره هذا يكفي أن أمانا will take place باسته العلج يعتقده المسلم وإن لم يقصيته المسلم even if the Muslim didn't intend that ولم يقصيته المسلم وإن لم يقصيته ونما يدعه ونما يدعه ونما يقصيته ونما يقصيته لا يوجد أي شيء يجب أن يقوم باستخدام سيفتي أو لن يقوم باستخدام شيء أخرى ابن تيمى رحم الله يقوم باستخدام سيفتي رأى الشيخ الإسلام من ابن تيمى إنه كتاب صاري من المصرور على شاتي مر رسول الثلاثة في العالم 522 وما علوم أن الشبهة الأماني كحقيقتي في حقني الدم ابن تيمى يقول إنه تعرف من that the doubt of safety it's all based upon assumption a speculation this individual assumes and speculates and has assumption you gave him a covenant you gave him your word that you're gonna look after him in safety ابن تيمى يقول كحقيقتي it's like you gave it literally to him for happening them in savings his blood is protected like that انه يتكلم كذلك حتى انت تكلم انه ستنظر علىك وانت تكلم انه يتكلم even though it is what it is it is no doubt ابن عبدالبر رحمه الله يسأل كلما اعتبره الحربية وامانا من كلام او اشارة او اذن فهو امان يجيب على جميع المسلمين الوفاء به ابن عبدالبر سأل انه يكتب الاستذكار في شرح مذاهي بالعلماء الأمصار he said everything that the disbeliever understands it to be safety whether it's a speech whether it's pointing at something or even giving him permission to enter فهو امان it is safety it is safety يجيب it is obligatory على جميع المسلمين الوفاء به every single Muslim has to fulfill that promise of making sure that that disbeliever is looked after and no one is allowed to harm him so look what ابن عبدالبر رحمه الله mentions he said او اشارة او اذن whether it's a speech whether it's pointing something towards or even اذن and I want you to underline that word اذن اذن means when you give him permission to enter the land now here what stands here in the issue of even and I'm going to come back to it later إن شاء الله اي طعالة is the issue of visa visa is a form of covenant and it's a contract when you get given a visa it is an amen you've given your word that you won't harm نعم and you can't cause any harm or problems عليش who's from the ايمة الماليكية عليش who's from the ايمة الماليكية he said something like that as well he said ثم لأمان يكونوا بلافضن the amen can take place with a وادن او اشارة مفهما or even a اشارة pointing which is understood from it من شأنها فهم العدو now pay attention the ishara the pointing and what you meant by the pointing we're not going to ask you who did it what you meant by it we ask the disbeliever what he understood from it he said او اشارة مفهما من شأنها فهم العدو الامان منها that the disbeliever understands from your pointing that that safety وانقصد المسلمون even if the Muslims intend بها ضرخ even if we intended to harm him by pointing we were actually trying to say to him we're going to kill you watch والله we're going to kill you that's what we said to him and he understood it as that he's going to be looked after and he's going to give you an example كفتحنا المصحف if we open the مصحف and while we open the مصحف we're trying to say والله by the one who these his words we're going to kill you وحلفنا اننا اننا نقتلهم or we make an oath that we're going to kill him فظننا and the disbeliever the disbeliever thinks تأمينا he thinks it's safety فهو تأمين it's safety you were clearly saying to him I'm going to kill you he doesn't understand and you said that to him and he understood it as though you're trying to look you're saying that you're going to look after him he understood it as that then the issue isn't what you meant or what you even said it is what he understood from it تأمينا فوة تأمين وليشه from the ايمة المالكية مالكية ابن عبدالبرس from the ايمة المالكية شاقو الإسلام from the ايمة الحنابلة ابن قدام صاحبه كتاب المغني which is the شارح of بختصر الخرق which is done as well now what do you call it السرخسي ايمة الحنافية سرخسي he mentions he said الامان وممنين على التوسع وقدنا الشبع يخفي الإثباتي he said الامان safety and a covenant and a promise of making this belief I'm going to give you safety it is built upon توسع توسع means that it's unrestricted it's open وقدنا الشبع meaning it's so vast it is whatever he understands it has it's not restricted and tied down and you have these are the only things that makes it into a contract that it is open مبنين على التوسع وقدنا الشبع the minimum doubt يخفي الإثباتي it's sufficient to affirm it the minimum doubt that he says I thought that was what that's a covenant and it's a contract he says it in his كتاب as well rather the علامة they even mentioned if the person doesn't talk he doesn't point towards anything just by even hanging around or befriending a person that's a covenant if you're friends with somebody you can't turn around and kill him later and that is the hadith of الإمام الإمام البخاري رحمه الله و تعالى the long hadith that مغير تبن الشعب مغير تبن الشعب رضي الله و تعالى عنه was a companion but he did this before he became a companion he befriended a group of people this is before Islam but before he took Islam and they all went to مقوقص مقوقص was the leader of اسكندرية Alexanderia so when they went to him the leader مقوقص he gave gifts to all of them but he gave مغيرا less he gave مغيرا less so مغيرا became very angry and jealous so what he did was he gave them all alcohol they drank they became intoxicated and they became drunk so when he done he took his soda he killed them all he took their money and everything that was given to them and he came to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in Medina and he took Islam the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم ستم مغيرا أما الإسلام as for your Islam فأقبلنا as for your Islam we've accepted it from you أما الإسلام فأقبلنا as for your Islam we've accepted that from you as for أما المال as for your wealth فلست منه في شيء it has nothing to do with me and it's got nothing to do with us as for your Islam it's accepted but as for the money that you took it is not it's got nothing to do with us that رواية أبي داود explains it even more وشيخنا الباني رحمه الله it's authenticated in Islam that the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said in another wording وأما المال as for the wealth فإنه مال غدر as for the wealth you took it from this seat لا حاجة لنا فيه we have no need for it we have no need for it so you have to underline that word which is فإنه مال it is worth which you took from what غدر deceive you deceive them لا حاجة لنا فيه there is nothing we want from it حافظ ابن حجر رحمه الله حافظ ابن حجر a great scholar who commented on this حديث in صحيح البخاري he commented on it in his great book فتحو الباني ابن حجر رحمه الله he said وأما المال فلست منه فيه شيء that particular point when he was explaining it he said it means لا أتعرض الله لكوني أخذه غدرا he said it means that this wealth of yours I have nothing to do with it what it means is that I am not going to take it from you because you took it from deceit مغيرا you deceive them when you took it ويستفاد منه ابن حجر is still carrying on and he said what is benefited from this حديث is أنه لا يحلو that it is not permissible أخذ أموال الكفاري that it's not permissible to take the wealth of the disbelievers it's not allowed to في حال الأمني غدرا that it's not permissible to take the money and their wealth at a time when it's safety and it's peace and you're in there and you've given them that covenant في حال الأمان غدرا it's deceived you've deceived them why لأن الرفقة يصطحبون على الأمانة because when a person takes you as a partner or a friend to travel with you he's only taking you as a friend to travel with because it is what it's because I find in you a man you're safe you see it is because لأن الرفقة يصطحبون على الأمانة because the people who are going with one another are going with each other because they find safety from one another و الأمانة تؤد إلى أهلها مسلمة كان أو كافرة and the safety is given to its individual its individual the person whether he's a Muslim or a disbelie he doesn't matter و أن الأموال الكفار and as for the wealth of the كفار إنما تحلوا بالمحاربة والمغالبة when the money is permissible it is when we're fighting with them and there's a battle taking place but not a time of حالة الأمان انتا كلامه حجر speech is over بدردين العين رحمه الله in his عمدة القاري which is the share of Sahih al-Bukhari as well بدردين العين he's a Hanafi he said and he commented on this hadith as well he said أن المشركين the pagans and the polyethists و إن كانت أموالهم مغنومة عند القاهري فلا يحلوا أخذوها عند الأمني و إذا كان الإنسان مصاحبا لهم فقد أمن كل كل واحد منهم صاحبه فسفقوا الدمائي و أخذوا المال عند ذلك غدروا والغدروا محذورون he said the pagans and the polyethists even that the wealth is taken at a time of battle when they are fighting with them their wealth is taken but it's not permissible at a time of safety it is not because he said because و إذا كان الإنسان و مصاحبا لهم because when a person is in companionship with them فقد أمن he has taken them he's given them safety when you befriend somebody and you're with them you've given them safety because you're he's taking you as a companion فقد أمن everyone is he's given his word that he's going to be safe to him by action not verbally فسفقوا الدمائي to spill the blood at that time و أخذوا المال and to take his wealth while traveling with him ذلك غدروا and that is deceit والغدروا محذور and deceit is prohibited so brothers and sisters now what we need to do is this issue that we spoke about which is crystal clear now what we really need to understand how the word أمان in our شريعة what is the verb it for it we understood that it is based upon ادن الشبه the minimum speculation and doubt and it doesn't matter what you meant it is what the disbelief understood from it nowadays what falls under it based on the world and how it functions today is تأشير الدخول these visas these stamps they take it takes a contract and the قاعدة which أعلم I mentioned is that that the عادة the custom it determines the custom today in the world the way that governments go through people coming to countries and they give their covenant and it is by way of stamping their passport or giving them an exit or entry visa those are promises that you've given and that قاعدة which is عادة محكمة is one of the قواعد الخمس القبر is from one of the five principles which is accepted amongst all of the فقهاء and the أصوليين it's accepted amongst them and they summarized them in three lines خمس مقررت قواعد مذهب للشافعي فكون بهن خبيرا ضرر يزال وعادة قد حكيمة وكذا المشقة تجلب التيسيرا والشكه لا ترفع به متيقانا والقصد أخلس اردت أجورا sometimes they say والشكه لا ترفع لا ترفع به متيقانا والقصد أخلس اردت أمورا they say as well this قاعدة which is this principle which is that the custom determines which is ضرر يزال وعادة قد حكيمة وكذا المشقة تجلب التيسيرا the custom determines and there's evidence for it in the Quran and also in the Sunnah الله تباركه تعالى يسان في القرآن خذ العفوة وامر بالعرفي وعرض عن الجاهلين خذ العفوة take forgiveness with you وامر بالعرفي and order عرف عرف is what the custom وما ابنى عطية رحمه الله he mentions what the word وامر بالعرفي means he commented on that point and he said معناه means بكل ما عرفته المفوس من ما لا ترده الشريعة it is everything that the soul recognizes and it affirms they will all agree upon لكن من ما لا ترده الشريعة but the shari'a does not reject it but it doesn't go against the religion this custom cannot go against the religion also الله تباركه تعالى يسان في القرآن وعلى المولود له رزقهن وكسوة تهنى بالمعروف the women upon the man is how does he have to look after وعلى المولود sorry the child sorry that's born the child that is born له رزقهن they have their food and the provision وكسوة تهنى and their clothing بالمعروف in good وعشر وهنى بالمعروف live with the women in good now the ma'ruf here is what is what's good two thousand dollars five thousand dollars two pounds three pounds what is meant by good what is that وعشرهن بالمعروف وعلى المولود له رزقهن وكسوة تهنى بالمعروف what's the ma'ruf the custom determines this whatever land that you're at the way that the people of that land they consider ma'ruf is what you're going to do also the hadith of الله تعالى عنها when she came to the prophet and she said يا رسول الله أبو السفيان إذا يرجلوا الشحيح he's a man who is stingy the messenger of Allah خذي أنت وبنوكي take yourself for yourself and your child ما يكفيك بالمعروف take what suffices you in good again the prophet didn't say take this much money and this amount what she takes is based upon the ma'ruf custom what would she need to buy food and so this issue of عادة محكمة has our in our religion a place so now visas traveling into countries going into places countries to countries this is a covenant and it's a promise and a man that you gave and also عبد البرس statement that I mentioned before رحمة الله يسر كله معتبره الحربية وامان من كلام أو إشارة أو إذنل or coming into a country he permitted you to come into this country this is as though you gave him a condition that you're not going to harm him because the قاعدة is what المعروف ورفن كالمشروط شارطان the thing that is known by way of custom anything that is known by way of custom it's known it is like a condition that you and I both took towards one another it is known it's like we already agreed on this the custom and this is a قاعدة which I mentioned this evidence for brothers our religion it even went to explain and not leave us with anyone to just come and add to the religion what he wants or to take off wherever he wants or to base things on his own whims and desires what about if the disbeliever he breaks his covenant he breaks it and he comes with that which nullifies the covenant or the oath that was set with him for example he kills a person and he comes with the things that will break them احد and the mithaq that was set with him إمام النواة رحمة الله كتاب روضة الطالبين وعمدة المفتين he mentions he says فأما من دخل دارنا anyone who enters our land بأمان with safety أو مدهنة فلا يغتاله he cannot be assassinated anyone who enters our land by way of contract he was given either a hudna or either was given a احد or a mithaq or a man and he came into our land when not allowed to kill him when not allowed to فلا يغتاله he cannot be assassinated وإن انتقظ احد even if he breaks his covenant even if the contract breaks وإن انتقظ احد even then we still not allowed to kill him بل يبلغ المأمنة بل يبلغ المأمنة rather he is reached and he is taken to a safe place هذا is نقظ جميعهم والأحد and that is only if all of them break the covenant not some some break the only ones who broke it are taken out the rest they still remain but if all of them as our body they break it we are not allowed to we are not allowed to kill them we are not allowed to cause them any harm the Muslim leader he takes them and he takes them to a safe place wherever they think they are the safest at and they take it to that place and we tell them from this minute onwards there is no contract between you and us so you can't kill an ambassador or go to an embassy and kill the people inside the embassy because they came to the place with an امان if they do break the covenant then the Muslim leader it is his job not your job it is his job to take them out of the land and to place them elsewhere another thing that I wanted to speak about is what is the issue in our religion pertaining to can some Muslims have a covenant with the disbelievers can they have a covenant with them and a contract while other Muslims are fighting with them or since there are Muslims already fighting with them does that mean every Muslim has to fight with them or can some have a contract with them and some are having a contract with them and the rest are fighting with them can we do that this is a good question the scholars in the Fouqaha they speak about this issue and it is mentioned which is the ruling dividing amongst the people meaning while there is a group of people who have a contract with the disbelievers another group of people could be fighting with them the ones who are fighting can't force the ones who have the contract to fight and the ones who have the contract can't tell the ones who are fighting to stop fighting each one has his own because the حكوم differs for both of them and this is clearly stated in the Quran and the Sunnah الله تعالى وإنستان صاروكم في الدين فعليكم النصر إلا على قوم بينكم وبينهم يثاق والله بما تعملون بصير if a group of Muslims وإنستان صاروكم if a group of Muslims ask for victory they ask for aid in the religion they call on to you brothers come help us فعليكم النصر you have to go and help them and you have to give them support when they call on to you الله then says إلا except على قوم بينكم وبينهم يثاق except a people you have a covenant with if so example a Muslim group of people are fighting with a group of people we have a covenant with الله say to us don't give victory to them on this because you have a covenant stick to your covenant إلا على قوم بينكم وبينهم يثاق والله بما تعملون بصير that is the eye in the Quran which Allah تعالى and mentions it and this is the ayah 72 I think in surat al-Anfal last page of surat al-Anfal surat al-Anfal finishes with 75 ayat this is the last page صفحة good also the hadith of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم that the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم the surah al-Hudaibiyah the treaty of Hudaibiyah in which he signed with the kufar of Quraish the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he signed a treaty with Quraish contract he took a contract with them and when he signed the contract and he agreed with them one of the things that the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم agreed was that if a Muslim comes to him that he will send that Muslim back to them صلى الله عليه وسلم he signed that with them and he agreed with that عليه الصلاة والسلام نعم and the person who was signing the contract with the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم who was representing Quraish was Suhail Ibn Amr Suhail Ibn Amr was the one representing Quraish so he said to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم أول من أخاصيبك به the first person who I'm going to I'm going to bring into this contract is my son Abu Jandal his son Abu Jandal was sitting there right there he said I want him pass him over to me the prophet said to him look Abu Jandal was before the contract he said no until you give him to me the contract doesn't start it starts from him so the prophet told him to go with his father and the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم has said something to Abu Jandal look what he said to him he said يا أبا جندل احتاسب أبو جندل wait for reward from Allah فإن الله عز وجل for verily Allah عاجل لك ولما معك من المستطع فينا فارجل ومخرجا الله is going to hasten for you and those who are with you from the weak Muslims are opening الله is going to give you guys an opening look what the prophet already did he divided himself from Abu Jandal and the weak Muslims and he صلى الله عليه وسلم and this is to show you what that we are in what we are in the covenant you guys are not فإن الله عاجل لك ولما معك من المستطع فينا فارجل ومخرجا إن قد عقدنا بيننا و بين القوم عقدنا و صلحا we on the other hand so you guys إن شاء الله and those who are with you Abu Jandal from the weak Muslims may Allah give you guys an opening and ease in your matter and Allah will the prophet said to him but he said إننا as for us قد عقدنا بيننا و بين القوم عقدنا و صلحا we talk with the people and we have with them a contract and we have a treaty set with them و إننا لا نقدر and we can't break that covenant and we can't break that and that treaty that we have with them so the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم what did he do he told Abu Jandal that he cannot help him and he can't give him victory and he can't aid him and the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم straight after he signed that treaty with Khufar of Quraish none other than Abu Basir رضي الله تعالى عنه he came to Medina and he came after a very short time بعد فترة و جيزا it was a very short time after the treat of Hudaibia when he came to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم right after Abu Basir came in tune of the Khufar of Quraish came right after him and they said يا محمد الأحد الذي جعلت لنا the covenant the treaty that you made with us we went Abu Basir the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم passed Abu Basir to the two men and he said go with them our prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم passing him over to them so Abu Basir was taken Abu Basir when he got taken they tied him up they took him and when they took him صلى الله عليه وسلم on the way Abu Basir realized that the rope wasn't as tight as they should have made it so he took one of the swords of the men he unreleased himself and he killed there were two he killed one and the other one ran away from him the one that ran away he came to the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم running he came to the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم and when he came to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he came in and the prophet saw him from far and then he said this man has seen something that terrorized him so when he came in the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم what did he do the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and he saw Abu Basir right after him and when he saw him Abu Basir came to the prophet he said يا رسول الله you have done your promise فهي لا يجب أن تتمر إلى خلالك قدره لترتيبني وكذلك و الله يساعدني لن يجب أن ترتيبني again لن يجب أن ترتيبني again المسلم صلى الله عليه وسلمة لقد لختبت أبو بصيرة و النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم سلسل إلىه ويلا أمه مسعر وحرب لو كان له أحد فقال له إذا كان هناك أحد و أحد و هم كان هناك أحد و إذا كان هناك أحد يبينهم ابو بصيرة رضي الله تعالى عنه و لها نصيب من ناسمه اسمه أبو بصيرة أمان الإنساء لذا انظرت at the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم وعلم that the messenger was telling him يا أبو بصيرة وعلم from the statement of the prophet that no one is going to help him ويل أمه مسعر حرب الله كان له أحد if only he had a person سبو بصيرة رضي الله the prophet told him that no one is going to help you أبو بصيرة got up he realized that no one is going to help him and he went away شاهد from this brothers is what شاهد from this brothers is what that the the covenant or the or the treaty or the a group of people can hold it with the disbelievers while others are in a state of war they can be so أبو بصيرة he went back he never went back to مدينة أمكة he stayed in around the area of the sea and the ocean and when he stayed there wherever they came with or across to wherever they came with قريش and they would they would take from شام and they would take it back to مكة he would take it from him أبو جندل who was in مكة he heard أبو بصيرة was there so he went and he met him and so they became a group that was in the middle wherever قريش owned they would take it from them now أبو بصيرة he is not under he is not under the messenger sallallahu alaihi wa sallam's contract he is not under the prophet's contract and the prophet stuck to the covenant that he gave قريش you guys wanted him there he is I sent him back if he has caused you guys harm it's up to you guys even قريش never came to the prophet Muhammad you broke the covenant you broke the promise why are they fighting with us because they knew that he was not part of the contract that the contract was only Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa sallam and those who were with him in Medina so insha'Allah brothers and sisters I want to remind you all insha'Allah that these matters are مسائل فقية مسائل which are based on knowledge and understanding don't just come and say and speak about these issues by saying it is permissible it's not permissible and just speak without knowledge these matters it needs a person to foundate himself upon understanding and to have insight of the matter before you talk and before you say anything anything which I have said it's from me a shaitan and Allah and his messenger are free from it سبحانك الله وبحمدك أشدو الله إلهي لله أستغفروا قواتوب إليه


Fine so let us get along with the proof of Montel's theorem see so the key point that you have to remember is that you know the difference between Montel's theorem and the Arzela-Ascoli theorem is that the Arzela-Ascoli theorem is for continuous functions okay defined on a compact metric space right continuous functions of course real valued or complex valued in fact you can even have continuous functions with values in a compact metric space whereas the Montel's theorem is for of course it is for analytic functions and then we are going to extend it to meromorphic functions and these are going to be defined on domains which are certainly not compact right. So one thing that you have to contrast and compare is that the Arzela-Ascoli theorem as it is for continuous functions defined on compact metric space whereas the Montel's theorem is for analytic functions and later on for meromorphic functions defined on a domain okay so it is not a compact set right it is an open connected set then that is so that is one difference that is actually two differences that the domains are different in the Arzela-Ascoli theorem the domain is compact metric space in the Montel theorem the domain is the domain of the function is actually a domain in the complex plane right. Then the second thing is in the Arzela-Ascoli theorem we are worried about real or complex valued continuous functions whereas in the Montel theorem you are worried about analytic functions and later on meromorphic functions okay. Then the other important thing is that what is the similarity the similarity is that both of these theorems tell you when a family of functions is compact okay. Now if you look at it from the viewpoint of the Arzela-Ascoli theorem compactness is it corresponds to sequential compactness okay and sequential compactness is just the condition that given a sequence of functions in the family you are able to extract a convergence of sequence okay and whereas in the Montel theorem what will happen is that you will have a normal version of this. So the Montel theorem will tell you that your given family of functions is compact in the following sense that given a sequence in the family you can extract a subsequence but now this subsequence is not convergent in the sense of functions that is it is not uniformly convergent on your domain but it is uniformly convergent only when restricted to compact subsets of the domain that is normal convergence okay so that is the difference. So in the Arzela-Ascoli theorem what you get is convergence with respect to uniform convergence okay and that means it is uniform convergence on the whole space whereas in the context of the Montel theorem what you will get is convergence with respect to only compact subsets that is normal convergence okay so that is the that is the subtle difference that you have to understand and the whole but the punch line is that in the Arzela-Ascoli theorem you need for this compactness or sequential compactness you need the two properties of the for these functions in the family to satisfy one is uniform boundedness okay the other one is equicontinuity alright but this is for continuous functions in the Arzela-Ascoli theorem case but if you come to the Montel case okay equicontinuity is free it comes because you are looking at analytic functions because you are looking at analytic functions you know that the derivatives of the functions are the derivatives are expressible using the Cauchy integral formula and then you can estimate the Cauchy the integrals and therefore you get the so called Cauchy estimates and the Cauchy estimates will tell you automatically that the derivatives are bounded and it is a natural fact that whenever the derivatives are bounded the original functions are themselves equicontinuous. So equicontinuity comes for free it comes automatically for if you are looking at analytic functions but if you are looking at that is in the context of Montel theorem but if you are looking at the context of the Arzela-Ascoli theorem you have to give equicontinuity as an extra condition because all you have is continuity to begin with of the functions okay. So I was so let us so the first point I want to show is that this family I am starting with the domain D in the complex plane and script F is a family of analytic functions on D and it is normally uniformly bounded so it is uniformly bounded when restricted to any compact subset of D and I have to show that given a sequence in the family I must be able to get a subsequence that converges uniformly on compact subsets okay and the first thing I will show is that equicontinuity is automatic okay. So for that pick a point is it not belonging to D okay choose rho greater than 0 so that the close disk centered at z0 radius rho the set of all points in that close disk is inside D okay you can do this because D is an open set of course I am working with a non-empty open set okay so D is an open connected set so give me a point of D by openness there is always a small disk surrounding that point which is also in D and I can take a smaller disk along with the boundary inside that disk okay so I can find this rho alright of course you know the reason why I am including the boundary is because I want a compact set okay I if you take a close disk it is both close and bounded so it is compact and then I can use the hypothesis that the family of functions is then uniformly bounded on this compact set okay. So let M be a uniform bound for all let M be a uniform bound for all f belonging to script f inside mod z minus z0 less than or equal to rho okay so what does this mean this means that mod f of z is less than or equal to M for all f in script f and for all z with mod z minus z0 less than or equal to rho okay. And now what I would like to show is that I would like to show that in a smaller disk what happens is if you take a smaller close disk then the family is actually equicontinuous so what I do is I choose a smaller close disk so basically you know if I draw a diagram so it is going to be like this I am going to have this I am going to have this disk centered at z0 radius rho and then you know now what you do is choose a rho 1 which is less than rho rho 1 which is positive and less than rho okay so that I can consider the smaller close disk of radius rho 1 centered at z0 okay and look at z in mod z minus z0 less than or equal to rho 1 okay so the situation is like this I take a smaller disk and this length is rho 1 okay I am looking at the smaller disk alright. Now for z prime in this smaller close disk by the Cauchy integral formula well if you want second Cauchy integral formula what do you have if I write it out I will get mod well first let me write out the formula without worrying about estimating it so f dash of f dash of z prime is 1 by 2 pi i integral over mod z minus z0 is equal to rho f of z dz by z minus z prime the whole square so this is the Cauchy integral formula okay and the mind you the contour of integration is this outer circle taken with the positive sense right and now the point is that you have this but then I want to basically what I am trying to show is that I am trying to show that in the smaller close disk all the derivatives are bounded okay and because all those derivatives are bounded in the smaller close disk the family is equicontinuous okay so all I am saying is that pick any point there is a small close disk around that point where the family is equicontinuous and since the point that you picked was arbitrary this will tell you that the family is equicontinuous on all of D okay so you get equicontinuity for free okay and of course the reason is because you have the Cauchy integral formula okay so what is this there is a modulus of this will be modulus of this and you know the modulus of the integral is less than or equal to the integral of the modulus it is less than or equal to the maximum of the modulus of the integrand as the argument a variable of integration varies over the region of integration multiplied by the length of the contour so what I am going to get is I am going to get this is less than or equal to 1 by 2 pi that is what I will get for this term outside 1 by 2 pi i and the length of this contour is going to be 2 pi rho it is just a circle radius rho alright and then what about the integrand the modulus mod f is going to be bounded by m because mod f is always bounded by m for all f in the family script f okay so mod f is going to be bounded by m so I can put this in here and as far as the denominator is concerned you see look at this see the z is lying on the contour of integration okay and I am my z prime is see my z prime is lying in the smaller disc so my z prime is here okay and the distance between z and z prime is therefore at least rho minus rho 1 okay so mod z minus z prime is greater than or equal to rho minus rho 1 for mod z minus z not is equal to rho okay if you take z on the outer circle then the distance from a point to the inner circle has to be at least rho minus rho 1 which is the difference of the radii okay the closest z prime can get to z is along this radial line from z not to z and that closest distance is rho minus rho 1 okay so you know why I need this inequality because now I want to I have to invert the inequality and then the direction of the inequality will change so I will get 1 by mod z minus z prime the whole squared mod will be less than or equal to 1 by rho minus rho 1 the whole squared so I can put a rho minus rho 1 the whole squared here okay so finally I will end up with just m rho by rho minus rho 1 the whole squared okay and this is a bound this is a bound so this is true this is true for all f all functions f in script f and for all z prime with lying in the inner disc mod z prime minus z not less than or equal to rho 1 okay so this happens so in some what have we shown we have just shown that the modulus of the derivatives of all your functions inside close in a smaller closed disc they are all uniformly bounded by this constant okay and this constant has got nothing to do with any particular point see this constant that I have got on the right side is m rho by rho minus rho in the whole squared that has got nothing to do with the point z prime except that the z prime should lie inside this in smaller disc and it has got nothing to do with also the function f that I chose from the family so it is a uniform constant okay so what you have shown is that the because of analyticity the functions the derivatives are bounded now because the derivatives are bounded you get equicontinuity and how is that you get that by actually integrating these functions so well you know if I had taken so far if I take 2 points z 1 and z 2 with mod z 1 mod z i minus z not less than or equal to rho 1 that is if you take 2 points in the smaller closed disc okay you take 2 points z 1 and z 2 in this smaller closed disc then if you f z 1 minus f z 2 is nothing but the result of integrating from z 1 to z 2 of f dash of z dz okay this is because of just because of this fundamental theorem of integral calculus the moment the function has an antiderivative then the integral is just the difference of evaluation of the function at the final and initial points okay so you have this but of course the path of integration here really does not matter so long as the path lies inside this closed disc and well you know I am taking the path to be the straight line segment from z 1 to z 2 if I take that straight line segment path then what will happen is that well if I put a mod to this I will get this is less than or equal to mod f dash of z okay which is now I have got a bound for that and mind you this z is lying on the path of integration and therefore it is inside this smaller closed disc so this bound applies so I will get this m rho by rho minus rho 1 the whole squared this is the bound for f dash of z okay and the length of this contour from z 1 to z 2 is just the length of the line segment from z 1 to z 2 that I am choosing and so it will be a mod z 1 minus z 2 this is what I will get okay so now that is it this gives me equicontinuity because so for epsilon greater than 0 choose delta to be less than you know what to do you have to choose it to be less than rho minus rho 1 the whole squared by m rho times epsilon you choose this okay then mod z 1 minus z 2 less than delta will imply that mod f z 1 minus f z 2 will be less than you look at this quantity I have to replace this mod z 1 minus z 2 by the bigger quantity rho minus rho 1 the whole squared by m rho epsilon okay and I will get less than epsilon okay so basically this is true for all z 1 and z 2 inside mod z minus z 1 mod z minus z 1 not less than or equal to rho 1 okay. So what you have shown is that given any two points the moment two points inside the smaller closed disc are lesser than delta the function values are lesser than epsilon and this works for any two points and for any function so you have shown a kind of you have shown a uniform equicontinuity of the family inside the smaller closed disc okay so thus script f is equicontinuous in inside mod z minus z not in the smaller closed disc since z not was arbitrary f is equicontinuous on D so I am writing eq cts for equicontinuous on D so this is the important point I mean this is the distinguishing feature between Montel's theorem and Arzela-Ascoli theorem in philosophy while in the Arzela-Ascoli theorem you need equicontinuity in the Montel theorem you get equicontinuity for free because you are already working with analytic functions and so the moral of the story is if you have a uniform bound for your functions that gives rise to a uniform bound for the derivatives okay that is because of the Cauchy integral formula and estimation and the uniform bound for the derivatives gives you equicontinuity for the original functions. So just the uniform boundedness of the original functions for analytic functions is enough to give you equicontinuity also okay so you are now in good shape now you see now I can actually apply the Arzela-Ascoli theorem for example on this if I take any you take any compact subset of D okay then these continuous functions will restrict to continuous functions on that compact set of course okay any continuous function on a topological space if you restrict it to a subspace it will remain continuous if you take for the subspace the subspace topology okay so if you take a compact subset of D if you restrict these family of functions you are going to get continuous complex valued functions on the compact set and they are also going to be equicontinuous because you already checked equicontinuity alright so and mind you all you all already assume that the family is normally bounded normally uniformly bounded therefore they are also going to be uniformly bounded on the compact set therefore the usual Arzela-Ascoli theorem applies and given any sequence I can extract a subsequence okay so I have brought myself into the purview of applying the usual Arzela-Ascoli theorem okay so let me write that down thus for any compact subset K in D the Arzela-Ascoli theorem applies to give a convergence of sequence for any given sequence in script F okay so you are able to all apply the Arzela-Ascoli theorem but you are still but we are still not we are we I must say we are only halfway through the Montel theorem see there is a small set again there is a small subtlety that you have to notice what have we achieved so far give me a compact set K suppose I start with a sequence in the family F give me a compact set K I will be able to get a convergence of sequence but you see if I change the compact set I may get a different convergence of sequence okay whereas what does the Montel theorem say the Montel theorem says you start with a sequence you can get a subsequence the same subsequence which will work on every compact set you see that is the subtle difference so we are halfway through we are for given a sequence in F in the family script F you can always extract a subsequence which converges on that compact set but if you change the compact set the subsequence can change what Montel theorem promises is one subsequence that will work for all compact sets okay and the way to get that is it is a very very clever thing it is again a diagonalization argument okay if you go back to the Arzela Ascoli theorem we use a diagonal diagonalization argument actually in the proof of the Arzela Ascoli theorem one way where we assume where we try to show that you know if a family is equicontinuous and uniformly bounded then it is sequentially compact or compact so what we did was we started we we took a family of continuous functions in your family and we try to extract the convergent subsequence but since we were in a close space we just contented ourselves with extracting a Cauchy subsequence okay but the point is how did you get this Cauchy subsequence we knew that the matrix space was on which the functions were defined was compact so we knew it is separable so we took a separable dense subset we took a countable subset of points x1, x2, x3 and so on which is dense and then what we did was we took the sequence first applied it to x1 okay and by boundedness this gave you a subsequence of functions which converged at x1 and then we applied that subsequence of functions to x2 okay and again being bounded we got a further subsequence which converged at x2 and then we did this process at infinitum okay we got a matrix of functions and then we took the diagonal sequence and that diagonal sequence was a sequence of functions that converged on this countable dense subset and then we used equicontinuity to interpolate and to conclude that therefore this diagonal sequence converges on all of x and uniformly okay that is so you see the same kind of diagonalization argument we will use now okay and the so and the key to that is that is a special construction what you do is that you construct a sequence of increasing sequence of compact sets which fill out your domain D okay so it is more like you know if your domain D for example is a whole complex plane okay an increasing sequence of compact sets which fills out the complex plane will be just sequence of disks close disks of increasing radii okay so it is just that but you will have to take care about the boundary okay so we will do that so let me write this down note that this convergent subsequence could change if k were changed but Montel's theorem promises a single subsequence that converges uniformly on any compact subset okay so that is the subtle difference so what we will do is that so I am going to look at these sets Dn so here is my set Dn here is how I define it it is a set of all points in D with the following property mod Z is less than or equal to n okay so it is a subset of the close disk centered at the origin radius n alright so it is a anyway that this first condition tells you that each Dn is automatically bounded because there is a bound alright and then and here is a second condition which is the distance from Z to the boundary is at least 1 by n okay so it is a it is a rather you know it is a rather nice condition okay so what I want you to note is that you know there are only two essentially two cases you have to understand see if dou D is empty what does it mean if dou D is empty it means D is the whole space okay dou D can be empty only if and only if D is the whole space because you know after all dou D put together dou D is the boundary of D dou D and that is a close set you know if you take dou D and take the union with D you get D closure okay therefore dou D being empty is the same as D equal to D closure but if D is equal to D closure you are saying D is closed but D is already open D is both open and closed okay therefore and if it is non-empty it has to be the whole space because the whole space is connected okay so the only so the situation that dou D is empty corresponds to D is the whole complex plane okay that means actually you are looking at a family of entire functions okay and in that case this Dn is just the sequence of discs of increasing radius okay and this condition will become useless the distance between D, Z and dou D is greater than or equal to 1 by n is superfluous okay you write this condition only when it makes sense only when dou D is non-empty okay if dou D is empty if you want define the distance to be infinity so that infinity is always greater than or equal to 1 by n okay if you want but right think of this condition only when dou D is non-empty okay so you know what is it that you are doing the reason why we put this condition is because you know you cannot include everything in D okay if you try to include everything in D you will have issues if you try to because D is open okay because D is open basically I want all these Dn's to be compact okay so that the fact is that D is actually the union of all these Dn's D is the union of all these Dn's this is one the second thing rather facts the second thing is Dn is compact for every for each n that is the second condition and the third this is the very important condition any compact subset is contained in some Dn and any compact subset K of D is contained in some Dn so this is the beauty about this collection Dn and you see it is this compactness that I am worried about see each Dn is automatically bounded there is no problem about that each Dn is automatically bounded so the only thing that prevents it from being compact is it not being closed okay if each Dn if you check that each Dn is also bound is also closed then each Dn will become both closed and bounded so it will become compact okay now the big deal is it is for making sure that each Dn is closed that I have put this extra condition that D distance of Z to do D is greater than or equal to 1 by n that is the reason I have put it put that is because you see suppose my region is just unit disc suppose D is just the unit disc okay suppose D is just set of all Z such that mod Z less than 1 okay then what is D1? D1 is D what is D1 is set of all points which is whose modulus is less than or equal to 1 okay that is if I forget the other condition okay forget the second condition that the distance from the point to the boundary of D is greater than or equal to 1 by n suppose I do not put that condition and if D is the unit disc then D1 is D so D1 becomes the unit disc and it is not compact because it is not closed okay so therefore it is for the closeness of each Dn that you put this extra condition the distance you are throwing away part of the boundary okay you are taking points from certain particular distance 1 by n from that boundary and you are not allowing points to go very close to the boundary you allow up to a certain distance minimum distance which is 1 by n and that condition makes each Dn closed I mean that is the significance of this condition that I have circled okay so if you draw a diagram you know it is more like this it is like you know so here so let me draw somewhere here so you know suppose this is the plane and suppose this is your domain D alright then you know what is D1? D1 is all those points which are lying in the so let me draw this this is too big get rid of this oops so you know so these are all the points in the unit circle okay this is mod z less than or equal to 1 and so I will also include the boundary because I have allowed less than or equal to 1 okay and if I and then I am looking at all those points of D whose distance from I think I will have to slightly modify this diagram so that I get a non-empty set so let me draw something like this okay so suppose this is my so this is my suppose this is my suppose this is my D okay and mind you D does not contain the boundary so you know I should redraw this I should draw it like this so this is my dou D this is the boundary of D okay it is like it is like a half plane except that the boundary is not aligned if you want okay. Now what is D1? D1 is all those points lying in the closed unit disk okay whose distance from this boundary is at least 1 so if you actually calculate it you see what you will get is you will get this so with this distance 1 okay this will be D1 this is what D1 will be okay and this boundary is included okay because these are the points whose distance from the boundary dou D is at least 1 and points less than with distance less than 1 are all not included okay so this is D1 if I next you know if you take D2 okay then what will you get so I have this disk now this is a bigger disk radius 2 alright and what am I going to get I am going to look at all those points inside this closed disk also for which the distance from the boundary is greater than or equal to half now okay so what I will get is I will get this I will get this so basically I will get this region that I have shaded with vertical lines that is going to be D2 okay so like this you can see that these on the one hand the D ends are becoming bigger and bigger so as to cover D on the other hand they are coming closer and closer to the boundary of D so that you do not lose any points very close to the boundary okay this is what is happening but keeping all the D ends away from the boundary by distance of 1 by n is the condition to make them a closed subset make each of these closed okay so that is the reason each Dn is therefore closed and bounded so each Dn is compact and the union of all the Dn is D okay so you can make this you can write out all the details basically using properties of the fact basically using the fact that you know the distance function the metric function is a continuous function that is what you have to use if you write down everything in detail okay the distance function is always a continuous function so you have to use that alright and you can see several things it is very clear that all the Dn will cover D okay because you me any point of D okay it has to lie in some big enough closed disk some mod z less than or equal to n okay and if the point is and it has to be at some distance away from the boundary because D does not contain its boundary it is an open set so every point in D has to be away from the boundary so you can always find every point of D in some Dn okay so the union of all the Dn is covered D okay and all the Dn are compact and what is more beautiful is you give me a compact subset of D if you take a compact subset of D such a compact subset will be in some Dn certainly because it will be contained in some big enough closed disk okay and it will have because it is compact its distance from the boundary of D will be some finite quantity okay so it will be contained in Dn for n sufficiently large so given any compact subset of D it has to be contained in Dn for some sufficiently large n okay therefore the beauty is that you have constructed this increasing sequence of compact subsets which cover the whole of D and now comes the trick what you do is each of these for each of these subsets you can apply the Arzela Ascoli theorem okay and then use a diagonalization argument and pick out a diagonal subsequence which will now converge on all compact subsets of D and that is the sequence that is promised by Montel's theorem so that is what I am going to write down so let me write this down let us go okay so let me write it here let f 1, f 2 etc be a sequence in script f and apply the Arzela Ascoli theorem to extract a convergent subsequence on D1 okay mind you D1 is a compact set okay it is a compact subset of D so on D1 it is a compact subset so it is a compact matrix space and therefore you know I can apply the Arzela Ascoli theorem and on D1 I can get a convergent subsequence by and here when I say convergent subsequence is uniformly convergent okay because it is convergence in the space of functions so extract so here let me put uniformly okay so I will call that subsequence as f 1, 1, f 1, 2, f 1, 3 now you see that you are in the diagonalization business okay now what will you do now you take this subsequence f 1, 1, f 1, 2, f 1, 3 and again apply the Arzela Ascoli theorem to get another subsequence which will converge uniformly on D2 and call that as f 2, 1, f 2, 2, f 2, 3 okay and proceed in this manner and then you take the diagonal sequence the diagonal sequence will be a subsequence of the original sequence which will converge on all D which will converge compactly which will converge uniformly on all Dn's and since any compact subset of D is contained in some Dn therefore it will also converge uniformly on all compact subsets of D and I am done okay so that is the trick so let me write that down. Then apply the Arzela Ascoli theorem to extract a subsequence f 2, 2, f 2, 1 that converges uniformly on D2 okay continue this way to get f n 1, f n 2 that converges uniformly on I should say D1, D2, etc Dn so in fact I should not put comma I mean instead of putting comma I can actually put union d i, i equal to 1 to n okay and that is it so we are in the following situation so you have this original sequence f 1, f 2 and so on then you have this f 1, 1, 2 and so on this is subsequence and the point is converges uniformly on D1 and then you have f 2, 1, f 2, 2 and so on this is also a subsequence this that converges uniformly on D2 and D1 so that is D1 union D2 okay and you go like this add infinitum you end up with f n 1, f n 2 that converges uniformly on union i equal to 1 to n D i okay then the subsequence the diagonal subsequence so this is a diagonal trick the diagonal subsequence f 1, 1, f 2, 2, f 3, 3 converges uniformly on compact subsets of D that is and that finishes the proof of the of course I must tell you that D1 union D2 is just D2 okay because D2 is bigger than and this union i equal to 1 to n D i is just D n actually okay each D i includes the DJs for j less than i because it is an increasing collection of compact subsets okay and any compact subset of D is contained in one of the DJs okay and therefore this diagonal subsequence will converge uniformly on that compact set so starting with starting with a sequence of analytic functions defined on the domain D okay just putting the condition that this analytic this sequence is uniformly bounded on compact subsets of D namely that is normally uniformly bounded just that condition is good enough to guarantee that you get compactness in the sense that any sequence from this family will admit a convergence subsequence and that is the point of Montoff's theorem so what we will need to do is that we will have to you see somehow the derivatives are entering into the picture and the trick is that you want to extend this to Meromorphic functions but you know for Meromorphic functions derivatives are not defined at the poles but then we have replacement for that we have the spherical derivatives so the trick is that you try to get another version of this Montoff's theorem which will work for Meromorphic functions and you try to use a spherical derivative and still everything works okay so you get a Montoff's theorem for Meromorphic functions okay and that is what we are going to do next because finally we have to worry about Meromorphic functions for the proof of the Picard theorem okay.


And welcome back to the breakfast and plus TV Africa. It's now time to talk about something remarkable that occurred today in history, June 8th, 1998. And it was about the death of former Nigerian leader, Sani Abacha. Sani Abacha's death shrouded in controversy because while some say he died of a heart attack, others say he was poisoned. But we would never know because Anatopsi was never carried out. Immediately he died. He was buried same day according to Muslim rights. But when we look at the life of Sani Abacha, it's something that we really can miss. When we look at all his contribution to the military overthrow, how he helped certain military rulers take over power in Nigeria, how he banned control of the press just basically did lots of things, especially the most remarkable was his loot. When he was head of state in the country, we know that Abacha was notorious for corruption because he would use the guise of security to get money from the central bank of Nigeria. The facts are that he would get this money mostly in cash, mostly in dollars, buy the truckloads to his house, send them to the Swiss bank accounts where he stashed them, but he never lived long enough to spend all that money. But other things that he was known for was his human rights abuses and how he, the popular killing of Kent Harua and other nine environmental activists from Ogoni, because of that incident and many other human rights abuses. The Commonwealth suspended Nigeria when that occurred in 1995. He had fought in the Nigerian army. He was the first Nigerian army officer to attend the rank of a full general without skipping any stage. His rule was characterised by fear, isolated bombings. You know, when you talk about the name Sani Abacha, many people still think about that with horror in their head. So, basically, he died on this day in history. He left 10 children behind and, yes, that's it for today in history. A couple of days ago, we spoke about the death of Kujo Rata Biola. It was also in Abacha times where, you know, that she was murdered. Some names became very popular back then in Nigeria. Hamza Al-Mustafa and Sajen Rojas and a couple of other people. You spoke already about Kent Sarawiva. There's also the General Oladipo D'Angu, whose life was hanging by a thread before this moment, actually, before this day happened. I remember I was a little, I was a boy, of course I was a boy. I was a little kid on my way back from school or after, I think it was after school, you know, that day, the when the news broke that Sani Abacha was dead.  It was pretty much similar to when Nigeria won the Olympics gold in football in 1996. That's how much celebration, you know, happened across Nigeria, you know, for the next couple of days. It felt like we had won the World Cup or we had won something totally huge or, you know, when Agbani Derigo won this world.  And corruption. I mean, take a look at the amount of money that he siphoned. Millions and millions of dollars, you know, still been perpetrated. You know, remember in 2018 the government had said there was going to be a national social safety net that all the money stolen by Abacha would be distributed to poor people. They'll be getting 5,000 era every month. I don't know how that ended, but, you know, different countries, especially Switzerland, you know, paying back millions and millions of dollars that was stolen by Abacha is just remarkable. You know, the level of corruption really and how far back this has been in Nigeria's history. Alright, let's move on. Let's talk about someone who also died in 1998, but not in June, but in April, on the 23rd of April. His name is James Earl Ray and he became popular because he, you know, was found guilty for the murder of Martin Luther King in 1968. It was on this day that he was arrested after fleeing the United States to a couple of other countries. On the 4th of April in 1968, he killed Martin Luther King with, of course, a single shot fired from his Remington rifle while Martin Luther King was standing in his hotel balcony back then in Memphis, Tennessee. Witnesses saw Ray fleeing a hotel that was opposite or across the street from the hotel where Martin Luther King was standing. He fled to Atlanta and then fled to North to Canada, arrived in Toronto three days later after Martin Luther King was killed and then he'd over there for a month acquired a Canadian passport under a fake name, a Ramon George Snide. He then left Toronto in late May on a flight to England, stayed briefly also in Lisbon, Portugal from England and then returned back to London. On the 8th of June in 1968, two months after King's death, Ray was arrested at the London Heathrow Airport attempting to leave the United Kingdom for Brussels. He was trying to depart the United Kingdom for Brussels and then end up somewhere in Africa. Back then, people said it was either heading to Zimbabwe or South Africa. He confessed to the crime on the 10th of March in 1969 on his 41st birthday and after pleading guilty he was sentenced to 99 years in prison. On the 10th of June 1977, Ray and six other convicts escaped from prison but eventually were recaptured and an extra year was added to his 99 year sentence which made him of course now have to serve 100 years in jail and of course on the 23rd of April in 1998 he eventually passed on at the age of 70 but after his guilty conviction and of course after his confession, a couple of days later he actually tried to recant that confession and say that he was forced, he was convinced to plead guilty by his lawyer but there was actually a guy called Raoul who had set him up and made it seem like he was the one who fired the shot. He said he knew that the shot was going to be taken off, Martin Luther King was going to be killed but it wasn't the one who actually did it but there was no lawyers or evidence that supported that claim and he eventually was convicted of Martin Luther King's murder and was sentenced to 99 years in jail. So yes on this day James Earl Ray was captured in London's Heathrow Airport after two months of running and traveling between countries and of course after two months of the death of Martin Luther but this story still has a lot of holes in it because even though you know the US had said this was an open and short case they they caught him, he was sentenced but he said he was you know convinced to plead guilty he said he didn't do it and even the family of Martin Luther King said they believe him that he believed that Ray was innocent so we really don't know you know the facts the truth. But man but there was just there's no counterclaims and then you know his claims of some Raoul guy you know didn't hold any water because you know who's Raoul how do you you need to you need to prove that you're actually right he fired his lawyer a few times but he still was not able to prove. Yes there is also that you know a theory and of course the the king family would people not just king family would say oh you know it was done by the FBI you know it was done by the CIA you know and whoever it is that was captured it was just the the sacrificial lamp that they chose to use. Sadly those you know things may be true or may exist but still he wasn't able to prove this case otherwise and that's it his brother eventually put out a you know a documentary a book a couple of years after he was dead or so writing also about the death of Martin Luther King but well we probably would never know the truth probably much pretty much the same thing with who killed JFK or how Sani Abacha really died. We'll never know the truth of some of these things. That's all we have for you today in history 1968 and 1998 James L Ray and General Sani Abacha. Short break we're going into a conversation now with a lawyer to tell us more about the attorney general Malami and the threats the prosecute Nigerians who still are using the microblogan site Twitter. We'll talk about that after the short break. Stay with us.