Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasebreaks.com coming at you with 2022 hip parade goat all-time greats edition multi-sport series 2 Random player break number one high-risk high reward excellent checklist here So some really good stuff. So And here's just an example of what we can possibly get here So big thanks to this group for getting into the action There are the players right here and let's roll it and randomize it Nice. Yeah Dodgers up. There you go, belly One out of three four times for names and players one one There you go. There's one two three and four three and a one four times and That's Aaron all the way down to Louis One out of three four times for the players one two three Come on ram.org and fourth and final time We got LeBron down to Michael Phelps All right, Aaron with LeBron James Roy with Lewis Hamilton Martin with Muhammad Ali Louis with Kobe Jason with Roger Federer duster with Rafa Louis with Hank Aaron Dusty with Mario Lemieux Jose with Lionel Messi Michael with Wayne Gretzky Steve Burt Mike Trout Aaron Sydney Crosby and Novak Yokevich see Burt with the babe Nick with Bill Russell Lou with Joe Montana mark with Christiana Ronaldo Steve with Floyd Michael with MJ Come with Hussain Bolt Steven flat with Diego Maradona Nathan with Mike Tyson and Louie with Tom Brady and Serena Williams Jimmy with the With Patrick Mahomes Dusty with Steph Curry Stuart with Jim Brown Dusty with Mickey Mannell Brad with Tiger Woods Nick with Pele Aaron with Ovechkin and Louie with Michael Phelps Let's sort this by Let's alphabetically by player and We're gonna pause the video when we come back. We're gonna see if there's any trades Then we will have the break stick around All right, welcome back ladies and gentlemen a little bit of trade chatter But in the end no deals were done So that list right here remains a thing kind of a long title. It's had to go landscape mode on this There you go Thanks everybody for getting in Let's see what we got. All right. Good luck everybody hard thicker card stock here. That is nice the babe The great Bambino the Sultan of Swat the Colossus of Clout Babe Ruth seven out of seven Legendary dual relic that is nice This enclosed game use material is guaranteed by Panini America. Wow That's awesome. And that is for who's got Steve Birch With the Babe Ruth spot nice a couple away from a train whistle, but still really nice. It's the it's the bell All right next We do have some flawless baseball on the side right now Jaspies case breaks calm. That's the sort of stuff you can get out of there next one is also in Portrait mode here and It's Jim Brown Nice Jim Brown autograph 233 out of 250 from an old Don wrist set in the early 2000s. That's awesome. That goes to Who's got the Jim Brown spot that'll be for Stewart? It's Jim Brown going your way Great penmanship there as well. This one is graded. You got a PSA 10 That's a PSA 10 Michael trout look at that Michael so formal from 2009 tri-star prospects plus card Nice, can you believe this draft to 25th overall? You just get slipping down the board for some reason that goes to Steve Birch and the Mike trout spot nice two out of three for Steve so far All right three more Nice Craig. We'll add that to the schedule and we got Joe Montana from 1981 tops football PSA 8 It's a pretty good grade for an old card Joe Montana spot that is for Louie last spot mojo Another graded card another PSA PSA 10. Love to see the PSA 10s And that is Tiger Woods nice 2001 upper-deck golf and playing a playing a lot of the PGA 2k golf Logged in a few hours over the weekend. That's a Who has the Tiger Woods bought Brad with the Tiger Woods? I think this might be His first car That's a nice one and the sixth and final box. Good luck Yeah, all we're saying that is is rookie card the PSA 10 to it's really nice. All right, we're gonna close things out with a basketball player from 1986 Fleer basketball PSA 8 It's Michael Jordan. It's the sticker card That's in there as well. I feel like for these sticker cards The grades like a PSA 8 are pretty difficult to get So yeah, that's pretty nice. There's Michael Jordan for Michael P MP gets the MJ Nice congrats And there you go ladies and gentlemen I'm Joe for jaspys case breaks calm. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us And I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye


The Leech Lake Band of the Ojibwe will move forward with a new casino, palace casino and hotel after members voted on Tuesday. There was a total of 1,585 votes. Nearly 80 percent of voters were in favor of the new casino. Leech Lake Tribal Chairman Farron Jackson Sr. says the casino will present new opportunities for the reservation due to the casino being located near Highway 2 in Cass Lake. He says the new casino will enhance the gaming experience with its latest technology. We want to move some dirt here this fall here and get the ground prepped and by next spring of 2018 we want to break ground and have actual construction take place and we have we hope to have it finished by 2019 to open up to open the doors to our new palace casino. Jackson says the referendum gives a vote to the people and their support was crucial as they plan to move ahead. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss basic locus theorem. First theorem that we have states the locus of a point equidistant from two fixed points is the right by sector of the straight line joining the fixed points. We can also say this as the right by sector locus. Let us now discuss the proof of this theorem. Consider case 1 in which we are given fixed points p and 2 and a moving point we taken as in the point of the theorem we have that this moving point x is equidistant from the two fixed points p and 2. So this means px would be equal to qx and in this case we will prove that the moving point x lies on the right by sector of the line joining the two fixed points that is pq. So consider these fixed points p and q and this x is a moving point we have to prove that x lies on the right by sector of pq for this. Let us do some construction join pq then bisect pq at y join so we have joined pq px qx xy and bisected pq at point y. Now let us carefully prove consider the triangles is equal to qx is given to us then y is equal to qy by the construction that we have done that is we have bisected pq at y so py would be equal to qy then yx is equal to yx which is a common site for both the triangles. So therefore we can say that the triangle p yx is congruent to the triangle by the SSS congruency criteria and so angle p yx would be equal to angle qyx as they are the corresponding parts of the congruent triangles so they are equal. Now from the figure we can see that angle p yx plus angle qyx is equal to 180 degrees as they form a linear pair and the line p yq is a straight line now since p yx and qyx angles are equal and also their sum is equal to 180 degrees so this means that angle p yx is equal to angle qyx and each would be equal to 90 degrees that is 180 degrees upon 2 which means that this angle is also of pressure 90 degrees and this angle is also of pressure 90 degrees therefore we can say that xy is the perpendicular to pq and also y is the midpoint of pq xy is perpendicular to pq and y is the midpoint of pq hence we can say that xy is the right by sector of pq that is x lies on the right by sector pq so this is what we were supposed to prove in this case so hence proved for case 1 now we consider the case 2 in this case we are given fixed points and q also we have as the right by sector and we have taken a point x on f t which is the right by sector of pq so here we have fixed points p and q is the right by sector of pq this point x we have taken on the right by sector of pq that is on f t and we have joined px and qx now we have to prove x is equal to qx this point b point y now to prove px equal to qx we consider the triangles p yx q yx in these two triangles we have angle p yx is equal to angle q yx and each is equal to 90 degrees as we know is the right by sector and we also have yx is equal to yx that is the common side of both the triangles and is equal to qy by sector of therefore triangle to the triangle qyx by the SAS congruency criteria now since these two triangles are congruent so we can say that px is equal to qx as they are the corresponding parts of the congruent triangles and so they are equal and this is what we were supposed to prove so hence we have proved the second case also so in case one we have proved now in case one we were given two fixed points and a moving point which was equidistant from the two fixed points and we have shown that the moving point lies on the right by sector and the line joining the fixed points thus we say from the case one let every point equidistant from points is on the right by sector pq and in the second case we were given two fixed points and the moving point on the right by sector of the line joining the fixed points and we have to prove that the moving point is equidistant from the two fixed points so from case two we can say that every point we write by sector of pq equidistant conclude that the right by sector straight line pq be required locus that is the locus of a point equidistant from two fixed points is the right by sector of the straight line joining the fixed points now let us discuss the next theorem which says that the locus of a point equidistant from two a pair of the angles between the two given straight lines and we can also say this as the angle by sector locus this theorem for this we first consider the case one in which we are given straight lines and they both intersect each other at point o and we have a point a which is the moving point that we take a n perpendicular to x y perpendicular to pq and also this point a is moving such that a n is equal to a m now in this case we need to prove that this moving point a lies on the angle by sector of angle x o q and we have drawn a n perpendicular to x y and a m perpendicular to pq and also a n is equal to a m we have to prove that this point a lies on the angle by sector of angle x o q let us first do some construction in this we join o a so we have produced o a to b now to start with the proof we consider the triangles o a n see these two triangles are right angle triangles so now in these two triangles is equal to o a which is the common hypotenuse for both the triangles then is equal to a m this is given to us and also angle n o is equal to angle a m o at each is equal to 90 degrees is perpendicular to x y is perpendicular to pq therefore from this we conclude the triangle o a n is congruent to the triangle by the RHS congruence criteria and thus we can say that angle a o n is equal to angle a o n that is these two angles are equal as per the corresponding parts of the congruent triangle so they are equal hence from this we can say that the moving point a lies on the bisector of angle x o q and this is what we were supposed to prove in case one let us consider the case two in this we are given straight lines each other at point o also o b angle x o q and we have a point a o b then is the perpendicular to x y and also a m is perpendicular to p q so we have two straight lines x y and p q we have o b as the angle bisector of angle x o q which means angle b o x and angle b o q are equal we have taken any point a on the o b which is the angle bisector of angle x o q and we have drawn a m perpendicular to x y a m perpendicular to p q now to prove in this case is equal to a m for this we consider the triangles o n a m a in these two triangles angle o n a is equal to angle o m a and each is equal to 90 degrees as we have a n is perpendicular to x y and a m is perpendicular to p q then the site o a is equal to site o a which is the common site to both the triangles and also angle a o n would be equal to angle a o m as we know that o b is angle x o q now from these three conditions we conclude that triangle o n a is congruent to the triangle o m a by a a s congruency criteria at these two triangles are congruent so from here we can conclude that a n is equal to a m as we have the corresponding parts of the congruent triangles and so they are equal this is what we were supposed to prove in case two so hence prove this in case one we were given two straight lines intersecting each other and we have taken a moving point equidistant from the two straight lines and we had shown that this moving point a lies on the angle bisector of angle x o q which is the angle formed between the two given straight lines now from case one we conclude that every point equidistant intersecting straight lines p q x y lies on the bisector of angle x o q and in case two we were given two intersecting straight lines


Yep. Hello. Hi. Hi. Okay. So, I'm Libby. I'm going to talk to you about a very cheap, quite cheap, remotely posible presence robot using a Raspberry Pi WebRTC and a few servos.  Anyway, it currently lives in an IKEA Espresivo lamp, which is just here to show you. So, hopefully, there's someone in the lamp. Richard, are you there? Or Dirk? Oh. Can you say hello on the robot? Can you hear it? I can see the monitor. Can you move around a little bit for us, if you can? So, this is what I mean by remotely posible, so it's got a few different ways it can move in order to see better or express itself. Thanks, Richard. Can you move the top a bit just to demonstrate? Maybe? Yes. There we go. Thanks very much. I just wanted to show it off before it all goes wrong. So, I'm Libby. I live quite a long way away from where I work, but I have an amazing job at BBC Research and Development. But because I live a long way away, I used to spend a lot of time on the phone, and I was very easy to ignore, and I couldn't see very well. I couldn't hear. And it was really annoying for everyone else. So, if I was in the kind of Skype or something like that, or appearing, then I'd be borrowing someone's laptop, and I'd be in the laptop, and people find that very irritating. I also have another hat. I go to Bristol Hackspace quite a lot. I also made, me and Barney made a hat that you could wear, that you could show around hackspaces with a hackspace hat. So, it streams audio and video from a hat. You can see Barney wearing it there. That's the Bristol Brunel version, which is kind of one of the Stedpipe hats. And it's got G Streamer. It's got Janus to turn it into WebRTC, and you access it via the browser. So, my question to myself was, could I adapt a hackspace hat to be a standalone presence robot for work, and would that kind of make things better? So, yes, I could. But it's taken me several years to figure out what the essentials are for finding an effective communication in a robot. So, are you ready for a tale of oddly shaped robot avatars? I hope so. And a lot of mistakes and failure and learnings. So, this is kind of what I was aiming for to start, right? So, this is, you sometimes see these in very posh offices, and they are, they're kind of really things with a, so some of them are a bit like segues. So, they wheel around, and they're quite tall, and you can, you've got a kind of iPad thing at the top. So, it's a bit like talking to a person who hasn't got a body, who's just got a head on wheels. So, that's the kind of thing I was thinking of. So, obviously, a robot in me needs the wheels in her face, obviously. So, here's really, this is 2014. So, it's got wheels, because it's made of a robot. And it can express basic emotions in, but only kind of basic emojis, not even kind of proper emojis, but just kind of emoticons. But it only does one-way video, which is MJPEG, no audio, and it only works on the same network. So, although I was very pleased, and you can see me testing it there, and although I could move it a bit, it wasn't really what I was after, because I could only go to a meeting in a different part at the same building, which didn't seem that helpful. So, one big problem was, it has a tendency to fall off tables if it's got wheels, because it can't really tell where it was going. And also, the office we were in at the time was very, it had a lot of barrier doors that you had to get a pass through. So, obviously, it couldn't get through by itself, especially because it was only tiny. And so, I thought, well, perhaps people could just carry it for me. I could just ask them to take it to meetings. So, this one is a sort of handbag type model. You can see it's had an upgrade. It's got a lovely touch screen, pie touch screen. It's got a nice Jabra speaker microphone on top. It's still using Gstream and Janus for WebRTC, so it can use any network. But it's really, really badly designed shape. So, all the pie and stuff is in the middle, but it's not very portable. And the pie can't handle streaming video and displaying it. So, it was streaming fine to me, but it couldn't display me on the screen. So, it's a complete pointless having a screen. So, different shape. This is the tube. So, I've gone back to emoji emoticons for expressiveness, so the little screen on the front isn't going to display me. It's just going to display my sort of interpretation of my emotions. It's got a slightly more sensible shape in the kind of... The speaker fits on the top. That's made it really top-heavy. It has a tendency to fall over, and it just sort of looks like a lexer. I don't like it, so... New. So, then things start to get a little bit weirder. I'm thinking, well, maybe I don't need a screen, because the screen is really just about saying, I'm here or expressing... Okay, I've got my voice. I can express things. Perhaps I don't need a screen at all. So, here we are. These are the bins. I quite like these, actually. So, it's not really an emotion, I'm here, but it has some expressiveness, because when I'm there, the lid pops off the bin. So, I'm here. You can sort of see someone in the bin, and then you can rotate to see better. So, it was cute, but basically everyone laughed at it. So, I thought, just to not enhancing my professionalism, I'm going to move away from that design, tragically. At this point, I read a really interesting paper that Richard Tull suggested to me. I think it was you, Richard. So, maybe... It was all about just having a single limb. So, this paper is called Exploring the Affect of Abstract Motion in Social Human-Robot Interaction. It's basically... They had a stick on three servos. It had three ways of moving. They studied people interacting with it, and they had a hypothesis of this emotion using stick. Just one stick. And I thought it was brilliant. I kind of needed two sticks, because if you've got a camera on a stick, you can't really move that around. It would make you seasick, so I was like, well, I'll have two sticks. But this is where my lack of abilities with servos and things came to the fore. So, it's got lots of movement, but it has a tendency to fling bits of itself off, and it looks like it's saluting. Video plays. You can see its movement is very, very jerky. And it kind of goes, yeah. It's not great. That's not really an emotion. Saluting is not an emotion. It wasn't very good. And again, people didn't really like it. They thought, I don't know really what this stick is doing in this meeting. And then had a brainwave. So, my friend Dan had moved away from Bristol, and he'd left us two little lamps. And I was just looking at them one day, thinking, what can I do? And, yeah, I'm a lamp. So, here I'm thinking much more of things like Pixar's little lamp here, which has got huge amounts of expressivity, despite, you know, it's got a few angles. It's kind of got a head. And this is the Espressovo IKEA lamp. I think they were about seven quid. They are discontinued. Weirdly, the electricity runs up the two poles. So, I don't know what they were thinking there, but that's what they did. There are loads of people who have got one at home. So, I've made three of these. I've got another spare two, and I've given one away. Two I've got from Dan. One I found on the street outside a charity shop, and Richard gave me two. But it's great. So, you can more or less fit a pie three in the base. A construction is obviously made for nodding and rotating. It's just perfect. So, this isn't the full thing, but you can sort of see how easy it is to make it nod like this. I'm here. I'm kind of waving at you, that sort of thing. So, this is how it works in use. I've been using it at work for a year, more than a year, and it goes like this. So, someone at work switches it on. I say, can you switch on Libbybot? They say, yes. I get a notification in Slack with a unique URL. I click to join it. I can see, I can hear and move, and the remote side can hear me. There's no reason why it has to be one person in the lamp. Lots of people can be in the lamp if you want. We once held a meeting with five of us in the lamp and no one else there, which was a bit bizarre, but it's completely possible. Yeah, because it's, I'll tell you about the technology in a few minutes, but yeah, I wondered if you wanted to go. So, I've set up a specific instance at that URL. It should work on most devices. You might just make it keel over, I don't know, but it's, and I've turned off the audio. So, normally it requests access to your audio and whatever device you're using it on.  So, anyway. See if you can make it move, perhaps? No? Oh. Oh, God. Hang on. Well done. I don't know if anyone really wants one, but if you do. So, the technology behind it is just that we're running a headless browser on a Raspberry Pi in the lamp. And then we're connecting. That's running a web page, and then I'm connecting to webRTC via the server. So, you use webRTC. I don't know how familiar you are with it. It's secure, open, web-based protocol for real-time audio and video communication. I'm using something, I'm using Node and JavaScript on my server. Let's Encrypt because it has to be HTTPS. And a Pi B3 camera, a USB speaker, this rather fancy one. Yeah. Two 9G servos, quite tiny ones, an Arduino and a bit of wire. It does take about a day to make it. So, on the server side, I've spent quite a lot of time trying to find a good, easy-to-use webRTC library. An RTC multi-connection, if you ever want to try it, is the best that I've found. So, there are others out there, but this one, it abstracts away a lot from some of the more annoying, complicated bits of webRTC. It does video, audio and data in any combination. So, I didn't always want to have video both ways because the Pi is quite resource constrained. And I don't want to show my face necessarily. So, I wanted to be able to do data for movement, audio in both ways in video one way. So, that's what it does. The guy, it seems to be one guy who works on it. He's brilliant. He has tons and tons of documentation. And it comes with a small node server.  So, the headless, you can run Chromium headlessly. There's a headless flag for it. But for this, it doesn't actually work. But it doesn't matter if you haven't got a screen. It's fine. It still works fine. And that's what I've done here. Because it's a web page, it's really, really easy to develop for and tweak. I'm just reading this bit. The only bit that was hard, seriously, was getting the V4 Linux drivers to work. Video for Linux drivers. Because you have to put in this amazing options is broken equals one in order to make it work at the moment. So that was the only bit that was hard to find. You can do this thing called UI for media streams. So what that says is it's not normally, if you request video and audio from something, you have to say okay. You have to use a consent. Because it's in the lamp, I can't do that. It's got no controls. So, I don't want to do that. See? But there's a flag. There's a little server, which is controlling the servos. It's a little Python server. And I'm calling that inside the web page when I want to move it. It's just running locally. And you have to do, allow really insecure content to do that. So, the cool things. It's got an embodied presence. And I find this is really, really great when you are in, especially a small meeting. So, you're kind of a thing there.  Well, they get used to it really, really quickly. I also use it in larger meetings. But it works less well then, because you're kind of a bit hidden, because you're small. It's mostly web technology. So, that means that anyone with HTML and JavaScript can have a go at making one. You might think that the way I've gone about this is completely nuts, because it's this layer upon layer of things there, right? So, I could have just done this with GStreamer and I have done. But it's much, much harder to tweak. It's much more unclear to me what goes wrong when it goes wrong. So, to make it web technology, it means I can change it really quickly. And I can prototype things on my laptop, which is really, really useful. So, I don't need to take the lamp around with me all the time. And this is just a case of waiting till the technology catches up with you, because when we started this, there was Pi B+, or something like that. There was no way it would run Chromium, except on, you know, a good day, a very good day. It certainly wouldn't do WebRTC. Now, WebRTC works with most modern phones. It works with all browsers, kind of all the browsers on this laptop anyway. But the kind of the best thing about this is that you've got this web-based platform for prototyping connected objects. And it's... Yeah, it is pretty nuts, but it means that you can very quickly make objects that can then do things, because you've got the ability to run things via serial, and you've got the ability to play audio and video, which is amazing. So, we have used this kind of technique at work in order to prototype radio-like objects, and we just did amazingly fast, because we made five ourselves in about a month, and then we made four more in a two-day hack day. So it's incredibly quick to just get things going. The thing is, there's a lot of work on that as well, but it's just having this platform for playing with that's incredible. And my colleague Andrew Nicola has written a really, really lovely article about how we did that, and why it's a good idea. So, just to finish up, the less cool things. If you want to do this, this is really the... Sorry. This is really the only important bit that you need. It's just a really, really good speaker microphone, and they're about 100 quid. So that adds to the cost. It's amazing on the Pi 3 to have Wi-Fi, but in practice it's quite a small antenna, and in corporate environments you often have loads of networks, so it can be very, very... it can be problematic, and actually I was having problems with it earlier, so I'm sharing network with it here. And finally, it's just not very expressive yet, so I had a lot of ambitions for this. I had a version that shrugged its shoulders, you know, as well as nodding and turning, but really I'd love to do something much more like the original stick, because that could express, I don't know, 10 emotions or something like that, which would be a big step up. Yes. So that's it. Thanks for listening. Thanks to Dan for this amazing picture he took earlier than me with trying to test it. The code is all up there. The instructions are up there. You could make one if you wanted, or put it in something else. It doesn't have to be a lamp. I'll put the references up there, and I'd just like to say thank you to Barney Richard and the Bristol Hackspace people, and my tolerant, helpful and inspiring BBC colleagues who carry Libbybot around when I ask them to. Any questions? Yeah? If anyone wants to ask me questions, or ask me online if you'd rather, later. Oh, we've got a question here. Can we make a really big one? I'd love to. I saw this amazing lamp in just a charity shop, and it's about this big, and I just thought that would really give me some real presence at work if I was kind of tiring over people. But at the moment, because it just runs off one plug, I'm kind of at the maximum level of servos. Well, I don't know, maybe. You can help me, Richard, yes. Hi. Have you tried using it in other social situations? Like, leaving one at your mum's house or something? No, no, that's a really interesting idea. That would be really weird, or might it work? I don't know. I mean, I don't know if you can think of me like a lamp. I've not tried it, but maybe I ought to, yes. And also, this is possibly not safe for work. Extension question. You know that telly did Dildonix patent as expired? I did see that, yeah. So you mentioned having multiple people using the robot at the same time. So if you have one person agreeing and one person disagreeing, does it sort of nod and shake at the same time? So I think it's conceptually quite complicated if more than one person is in it, because it makes much more sense if you embody yourself in one person, embodies themselves in a thing. And actually, so my colleagues are now quite keen to make their own ones. So what we might end up doing is kind of really saving on corporate infrastructure by kind of being in a cupboard together or something. I don't know. From a software point of view, it makes sense to all be in there, but yes, you're completely right. It could be very controversial, as you saw. You couldn't tell. How do your colleagues actually react to being in a meeting with it? Particularly, I guess maybe if there's something a bit more complicated on the agenda, it's not routine. So I tend to use it for three specific meetings. One is a kind of a show and a tell. So what we have to do there is just warn external speakers that it might move because you don't want to freak people out when they're talking and it's just a bit rude. But it's really good to have it there and it's a talking point as well. The best meetings are where we're kind of on a relatively circular table. I'm a participant in the meeting and I can, as the lamp. And then it's really interesting how quickly people start behaving like it's a person, you know, turning to it, expressing themselves. It's really, really interesting. So, yeah, like that. No more questions? So, that's it. Thank you very much, Libby, for explaining about the new Libby box. Thank you.


Thank you, Scott, and it's always great to be with you in this gathering where we sort of showcase the creativity and innovation that you bring to addressing the big challenges we've got, trying to make sure we have a more energy efficient economy, focusing more on renewables, and addressing the challenges of climate change. I'm really pleased also to be here with Don Young, who you're going to hear from in a minute. This has been a bipartisan caucus where we do try to showcase the good work that you're doing in states across the country. I should say that Congress needs to continue to help push our investment in clean energy technology along. That means at the very least that we should extend and streamline some of the tax credits we have to encourage investment in clean energy technology. It also means we need to prevent, as we have for the last two years, some of the very deep proposed cuts that we've seen in the administration's budget to the important Department of Energy and the other energy efficiency programs. Those investments are really important, so thank you for working on a bipartisan basis in the House and the Senate to prevent the cuts that have been proposed in the last two years. In my view, we need to be doing a lot more at the federal level, both because of the challenge and threat of climate change, which the American people are seeing every day in their daily lives, as well as the fact that our economic competitors, like China, who back in 2005 was only investing half of what we do in the United States on clean energy technology, is now spending almost two times as much when you look at their public and private investment because they know where the future is and if we don't wake up around here, we're going to get caught behind. Despite all your efforts, we need a bigger infusion of investment in clean energy technology. That's why I've introduced the Green Bank legislation and we've also introduced the Climate Bank legislation, lots of different approaches to this issue, but the bottom line is we need more private investment, but also more public investment in clean energy and renewable energy technology. I'll just close with this. Are there any Marylanders in the room? All right. We've got some Marylanders in the room. Any Alaskans in the room? All right. All right. Alaska and Maryland Power. Let me just say to Marylanders, the Maryland Legislature passed an increase in our renewable energy portfolio strategy, I think 50% by 2030. Maryland, that was a great step and Maryland is also home now to two big offshore wind projects where we're at the final stages of federal government clearance. I think two big projects offshore is the biggest number in the country, I believe. We need to maintain our lead in Maryland. Thank all of you for what you do. Ericsman Young, thank you for your leadership. Scott, thank you. Is Carol Warner here? I want to thank her and the team. But most of all, thank you. You're the folks who helped drive the innovation that we're going to need to meet the threat of climate change. And take advantage of the opportunities that we all share. So thank you. Thank you. Thank you for being here with us. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Great to be here with you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


It's a weekday. I've actually got seven days left on my student teaching. I'm just on a hike This is the battle Creek in Utah pleasant Grove and I was just hiking up and saw this rock right here This is limestone and I saw this little circle and I was like that's a crinoid and Then there was another one next to it. We've got two crinoids stems there Some shells in there too. It looks like Yeah So I may take that home bust into it a little bit or cut try get some nice cuts along the crinoids Just to show you that even when you're hiking in an area where you don't really expect to find anything This is mostly just limestone and quartzite That normally doesn't have anything Right now and then you can find something fun There's treasure everywhere


Welcome to episode number 17, our very last episode of what sex got to do with it, and we have my favorite 84-year-old grandmother in not just the universe, but the multiverse. Well, it's good there aren't any more chapters. As we've been doing, the title is Chapter 16, Evolutionary Insight into Social Problems. I think it's obvious, but tell us the basis of the name of this chapter. I was daydreaming. What is this last chapter? Evolutionary Insight into Social Problems. Well, hold on. What are we daydreaming about? I don't know. I'm a dreamer. I'm a daydreamer. I get caught by these pretty peacock feathers. I was just sort of thinking about the fact, gee, we really did... Len has a workhorse that's done 17 of these interviews. I was kind of impressed about that. Yes, what I'm trying to do here is to think of the social problems that we experience as a social spirit species, and how understanding what I think are species-specific behaviors that I've worked... I've hoped I've convinced my reader that these are evolved. They influence very strongly, but we can rise above them. We certainly have risen above many of them. But in this chapter, I look at some of the social problems and how, by applying the kinds of logic we've been talking about, like a collection of resource rents and so forth, we actually can correct for some of the social problems that plague us. So, just trying to give an example of that. Yeah, because the book ends, essentially, with the quote, by the cartoonist, you know, we have met... Walt Kelly. Walt Kelly is a little possible, though. We have met the enemy, and he is us, you know.   And that is certainly a case where his country, the enemy, was us, and then I said, but really now, instead of us being concerned so much about Russia attacking us, because of course the whole situation in Ukraine is still kind of top of mind. I said we had to really be concerned about the insurrection, you know. Interesting. And so then to see this here in your book is kind of reminded me of that. But also, I mean, in a certain way, it's kind of... I want to say depressing, but it makes it almost seem that the problem is intractable because while you're fighting against yourself, but at the same time, it almost makes it possible, I think, to kind of understand the enemy better and try to rise above it as you always say. You know, we have made progress. I mean, just in terms of the opportunities available to women. I say that just as Roe v. Wade has been overturned. And that may be a reaction to the advances in opportunities that are made available to women. But we are making progress. We can rise above many of these things. We've proven that we can. I think we've made incomplete progress, very incomplete progress in terms of some of our racial biases, our tribalism. I mean, how can anyone turn on the television and anything that they're talking about the war in Ukraine? The January 6th investigation, the pandemic and the reactions to it and the way we've kind of split into tribes and think that we're a pretty species. If this is the species, if you were given an assignment, I wish I were still a social studies teacher. I briefly taught middle school social studies in my past. It would be so much fun to give a class the assignment. Design a species. Design a species. What would the ideal species be for you? What would it look like? And I just think that would be fun to talk about. That's something to think about. And in a sense, I say that the way females chose their mates in a sense did shape us as a species, in a way designed us as a species. And what was initially absolutely very adaptive has become maladaptive when carried to excess. So if you were designing a species, could you put built-in checks for some of those excesses? Could you do away with the tribalism? Maybe because I'm female, but the idea of war, I look at the scenes of war and I definitely feel like am I an alien from another planet?  I mean, it's just how can we talk about these things as if they're just part of the day-to-day? There is shocking to me as if I've really been, you know, the species from another planet, not Mars, but maybe Venus, and come down. And so any time I turn on the TV, I kind of think, who are we? What are those creatures we are? Why are we all killing each other? The Russians and the Ukrainians are so genetically close. How can they now suddenly see themselves as in opposition? And so I just think, like, what kind of a species makes rules? And again, I'm going to sound so radical here and I could never run for public office and say anything like this, so it's good I did it. That's the good thing it's not in my plans. But how can we be a species who makes a rule that it's okay to go to war and devote so much of our economic resources to building a weaponry, which we do, our investment in the military-industrial congressional complex? No, no, Eisenhower in his original speech, Congressional, was in there. And he was asked to remove that because it would not fly with Congress if that was in there. So it became the military-industrial complex, but originally it was the military-industrial complex. The military congressional complex. I'm sorry, congressional Congress. But I'm thinking, what is this species that thinks all that war and all that weaponry and all that mass killing is okay, and yet in the case of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, most people, and I assume I fall into the camp of thinking this is probably true, that it's driven by one man's ego. That's Putin. So why are we allowed to kill all these other people, hundreds of thousands, and yet we have a rule that you can't assassinate ahead of state? That doesn't seem logical to me. If I were designing this species, I wouldn't put that rule in there. I wouldn't design a species that was capable of making that kind of rule when one person is responsible for the killing of thousands, and yet he's somehow off limits because he's ahead of state. So as I said, I feel like I'm an alien to my own species because I look at those things and they just don't make any sense to me. I'm not advocating the assassination of Putin. But most people wouldn't understand if I were running for public office and said something like that. And we are so good at denying the amount of environmental damage we're causing. And so how could I design a species that could do all the wonderful things we do and yet wouldn't create such an impact that would see itself as somehow so exceptional that the laws of nature that replied to all the other living creatures and plants on this planet somehow were exempt from. So, yeah, I went off on a little bit of a rift there. Wait until we understand genetics more, perhaps. And then see what the kids will design. So there's designing a species in a way, but we better understand the full genome before we do too much of that. Yes, and then you will have to be careful in your experiment or your excitement to your kids that they understand the difference between that and eugenics. Oh, absolutely. Because when I say designing a species, I'm not thinking of eugenics. Pretend you're God for a minute and you're creating a species. What would that successful species, what would it look like, what would you design? But it's ticking off of genetics. Yes, yeah. The code is going to be somewhere. Yeah, the code is going to be somewhere. But no, I'm not in favor of eugenics. Not at all. Because I think I've said before, I think one of the most valuable things about humans and one of the wonderful things about sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction, where there's such stability, is the number of genes that remain hidden but available to us in an emergency. You know, we have such variety, a genetic variety that can be recombined quickly in the case of challenges.  So short. So short, you know, and their genomes do seem to be, I won't say they are more susceptible to mutation, but they do have a mutation rate that allows them to change, which is why the coronavirus is doing what it's doing. I mean, that's why it's changing very rapidly. And yet the coronavirus doesn't have its own RNA. It has to hijack ours in order to reproduce. You know, there's some debate, are viruses actually alive or not since they don't have their own RNA? Yeah. You know, so all those things are interesting. I just love thinking about that stuff. Right. But anyhow. I think technically they're not. Yeah. We had the discussion earlier like what is life, really. Yeah. But anyhow, that's, but we do have social problems and I think we can solve them by applying some of the understandings that I hope I've developed and articulated in a way that people think, oh yeah, she might be right on that. Let me think about that. I don't need anyone to agree with me completely. I want people to do what you and I have done. Exchange ideas. Think about them. Think, would that work? Is that possible? Because basically I think we are a mix of perfectly wonderfulness and then I say we have a dark evolutionary underbelly that we need to explore and figure out how to to avoid listening to, you know who was it? Stephen Pinker, our better angels, I think was the book he wrote and he's very much the optimist who focuses on how good everything is in the world. I see, you know, we have an underbelly that's not so admirable and I think we have to learn how to control that and there are ways to control it and I think many of the controls are economic because we are, that's how we got ourselves in trouble by being so having such a elaborate economic system. Right. So you mentioned, you say given Mark Twain's reputed soundbite summarizing why buying land is a strategic move, you know, do you remember what that soundbite is? Yeah, by land they're not making any more of it. Okay. Oh, I didn't have it in there yet. No, you didn't have it in there. And now you say it. I remember it. Yeah, by land they're not making any more of it. I grew up hearing my father say that. Yeah. You know, and he was very, he was very admiring of people who were clever enough to invest in land. Yeah. But that's a scarce resource. I mean, there are some examples of land that's been created but not, I mean, the back bay apparently didn't used to be land that you could build on and certainly the Netherlands reclaimed land with their dikes from the sea. But mostly, you know, again, these finite resources, the commons in nature are finite resources. Right, right, right, I got you. Well, I like what you say in the chapter relating, you know, property taxes to schools and inequity.  It's a disincentive. Yes, yes. I make the point, I think, that the property tax is actually two taxes, one of which I don't like calling a tax at all, but the tax on improvements I think is absolutely a horrible tax because it disincentivizes people from making repairs, improving, building affordable housing, all those things. If you're going to be taxed for doing just what the community wants you to do, you're going to tax, that's a punishment. But the other part of the property tax, the part that's based on the value in land, that's very good.  And that stimulates all the best things that we want in the community. And it's also much easier to do assessments. If your assessment values are based on land rather than improvements, nobody has to enter a property, see, oh, did you put in a new furnace? Did you add a sunroom? You know, it's much easier to just assess what the land values are in the neighborhood. And as long as the assessments are consistent and can be justified on land from one property to the next, it's a much easier way to assess and charge a property tax. In that case, if it's only on the land value, to me, I don't like the term tax. But, you know, that's just quibbling over semantics. But in my dream world, people would never be taxed for improving their housing or the property that they own. And the land value is always going to be market-based? Yeah, pretty much. I mean, you can look at, yes, yeah, pretty much it's market-based. I mean, not entirely. I mean, there's some areas that are more desirable, and so they would have a higher market value. Like in, you know, near water, or of course now that the oceans are rising, properties near water may not be as valuable, but certainly properties in a developed area like Arlington are much higher because it's locational value. So a lot of land value is locational value. But again, you know, if you're selling it, it commands a higher price because, like, look how close Arlington is. You know I love Arlington.  You love Arlington so much. I do. We're close to, you know, they're talking about a housing crash and a recession. A crash? Well, well. It's a crisis. You say they're probably going to have a housing crash. Well, yes. Oh, yeah. My George's friends think there's an 18-and-a-half year cycle in land values. Oh, so the prices. And then in 2026, real estate prices will crash. Right now, they're out of control. Rising. You know, people who need a home can't afford to buy one. The increase in the rate of it. The rate of increase is unsustainable. But Arlington is protected, not completely, but from the relative downside of a crash by things, investments, public investments in good public transit, excellent schools, our locational value. We're close to Boston and lots of job opportunities in the biotech area. You know, we, this is a, this is one, we have a lot of locational value. And also we've had good investments in schools and public transit, green space. Those things protect a little bit from the extreme of a real estate crash. Right. But we're talking about the property values or market-based, you know? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, pretty much. I mean, but you know, again, in trying to assess, for example, commercial property I've been told, I have personally been told in Arlington, well, we don't have enough commercial property. It doesn't exchange, it doesn't change hands enough to be able to accurately assess the commercial land value. There are ways around that. Just because we don't have a lot of sales of commercial property, we've had some. And you can get, teardowns give you a very good sense of land value.  It's what they pay for the property plus the cost of teardown and removal. That gives you a very good idea. Teardowns give you an excellent idea of what land value is. So market values, though, because you were talking about how well land near the water will cost more. Because I was thinking of this in the last chapter. I mean, scarcity, you say that it's artificial. But it's not necessarily artificial because it's created by humans. Because the shoreline isn't created by humans. But it does create scarcity in that resource and people will want it. What's artificial about the scarcity of land is when someone is taking more than they need. That's an artificial scarcity to me, is land withheld from use in Arlington, for example. Land that's so underutilized, a parking lot, as the great parking lots are classic ways to be passive investors in land. You know, you don't have to do anything on them. The land value goes up because the improvements and the productivity around you, investment in schools drives up that land value. Those underutilized lands create artificial scarcity because they're being held withheld from use while waiting for the value to rise. That's simply what it is. So I just want to quickly go to the Alaska Permanent Fund because that seems to be a model for what you proposed as a solution. Do you know how that fund came into existence? I don't, and I should. I should know that, but I don't know it. Do you know if there are any other types of funds like that in the world? Well, certainly Norway, with its vast oil reserves, they use those reserves. They treat them like common property. It's publicly held the value from those oil reserves. So that's an example of it. It's a very large fund that they have from their oil reserves. Those oil reserves have been considered the property of all the citizens of Norway. So that's an example. That's a good one. It's a larger one than Alaska. Oh, yeah. A lot more. It's not distributed to the individuals, but it is used to fund public services in lieu of taxes. That's the way of getting to the individual. So you start off the taps in the early on, saying it's not enough to right past wrongs. We have to figure out how to make sure that they never happen again by addressing the root cause of growing inequality, not just in the United States, but worldwide. So I guess it should be obvious to me what you think is the root cause of inequality. But why don't you... Well, I think the root cause of inequality is the monopolization of the commons in nature. That's just as simple. And all the commons in nature, just the monopoly holdings of the commons in nature. It's the root cause of inequality, and it's also the root cause of climate damage. And the same solution could be applied, would correct for inequality, and also would address climate change. The same solution addresses both of those issues. And that's the collection of the economic rent that accrues to those who monopolize the commons in nature. Well, and with that, we're just going to hope that we can do that. And as you said, you pointed out some of the things that we have to do. And I think we just need to figure out how to do them. And so, as you said, democracy gives those who governs a powerful tool for righting past wrongs and ensuring that it lives up to its stated goals. We need to educate ourselves. We need to vote. We need to engage our politicians and study their policy positions, and we must make certain that our elections are publicly funded so that no one in any branch of government is more beholden to their personal dreams of economic gain and dictates of their donors than they are to the fundamental rights of those from whom they govern. We need to listen to each other and to make sure all voices are heard. Thank you. And thank you. Thanks, Brendan, on that, Len. I appreciate that. Yeah, no, it's been a really great experience. Yeah, and so I'll give you a little flash. There he is.  That is one of the fabulous things in Arlington. People think property taxes are high in Arlington. I have a daughter who I just love for saying, I never regret playing my property taxes in Arlington because we get so much for it. Well, thank you very much. So shout out to Arlington. Shout out to you. Thanks for doing this. And to Arlington Community Media. I had no idea that this fabulous resource was available to us. So it's good to know. Write another book, please. Well, thank you all for watching. And who knows, we may be back at some point. Bye.


This morning we did a little gift exchange. I gave Badges coffee. I gave them the French press and Some of those really good keepers Looks like I got in exchange a Multimeter, which is awesome. This is my new French press by the way used to be my sisters snagged at out of the garage I cleaned up also exchange the Lens that I got For a GoPro and a karma grip and I gotta say I Gotta say that was a very smart choice because I'll be using it all the time Let's go check in with badge and see what he thinks about this air conditioning situation here doctor What's the prognosis? You gotta find out about that Yep, and also for everyone who hasn't been paying along paying attention along there is a blend door Up there, there's a blend it's called a blend door actuator and a blend door thing We got to fix that and do some magic to it This one hasn't got electric on it, so it controls all the doors with vacuum See these vacuums all night here, uh-huh Okay, those those metal things yeah right here. See oh, yeah, these are all your vacuum lines, right? This controls all your the heat and everything. Yeah So what we do is we start it up and I can build the vacuum up And then you turn it it has to be on That's a see-but vent, huh? Yeah, AC. Oh you see yeah And see that so see that Right there that solenoid is moving. Okay, so we go to vent. I don't see it moving. Okay. Let me just get this over the way Okay, let's go watch that one there. See the other thing works. Oh, yeah, see all they work Oh, yeah, that's a noise that I've heard before. Yeah. Yeah, that's the that's the vacuum control For and that's working, right? You put it in off and it shuts. Yep, you put it on AC and it opens it, right? You put it over on floor and it shuts. Yep, so it's working all right So the vacuum is not the issue. Is that what I'm gathering? I'm thinking the problem We have to charge the AC Because it's empty, right? Right. So we got to put the AC in and you can't tell the AC's working unless it's charged So we're gonna go down to our buddies at O'Reilly's and get some stuff to charge it. All right This is what you call Vacuum switches, right? Yep. It's not electric like that one door. You remember I said it that control That control you got I said I don't think this is the right one It wasn't because this is vacuum not electric. All right. Okay. Get down in there. All right now reach right back in there And you'll feel a rod right back in there way back in there. Yeah, yeah Okay, yeah now Feel a move? No. Oh, yeah, now it's moving. Exactly. Yeah, that's your blend door that you say is not working. Yeah It's working. The problem with the bus With Danny is that everything's tied together The dash air the back air is all tied together. So everything has to work Yeah, and that's what I said that because when you told me about the vent. I'm thinking I don't know about that. Okay, but the reason venting works because a heater switch wasn't working. Right. Okay. All right So now what we have to do is charge the air conditioning and we know that all the vacuum is working So now what we have to do is go get some stuff to charge the air conditioning and we'll go from there. Okay Just so you guys know I'm not one to argue with an expert. I don't take my teeth to Right here this guy You don't take your car to a dentist and so that's why We're I know he's he's right. He's the he's the magician. He's the pro So we're gonna we're gonna do that at some point today. Okay. You see on Danny It's got these two valves. Now what this does is turns off the water The hot water going to the back heater now These are a real good thing because if you turn these off you have no water hot water in the summer So your air conditioning will work 100% because it doesn't have a hot water. That's why he's worried about the blend door I don't think the blend door is an issue because you turn the water off There shouldn't be no heat there anyway, but that's who we're gonna check that out.  Oh geez too bad a Proud Canadian By the way, you guys been watching any of the Olympics The first game The first game is the first games I watched were the Curling wasn't so exciting, but then you know, I know the next day they had other things and other things and then I kind of missed it The snowboarding was epic Shout out to you know, Sean White and all those guys for doing a great job Chloe came to man her and her dad are goals like they have the best relationship like they're a Good inspiration for people. They're a good example. What's your name? Who's a Forget I think we're gonna sit around and watch the Olympics tonight All right, we're gonna head into town with the doggies we're gonna get some parts This is a very expensive altimeter, but it has a temperature setting on this I'm not saying this is right. I'm just saying this is how we do it as we put the temperature in Yeah, I got a cheese That's what 8,000 dollars of a teeth look like, but anyway, we put this in the AC ducts You put all the windows shut All the windows are shut and you put it on max air and what you're trying to do is to get it to 40 degrees Now if you're filling it up Because I can tell you all the freshers and all that ain't gonna mean nothing to you But if you just fill it to 40 degrees It'll work this fine. And so now all we have to do is fill it So that's what we're gonna do now. All right I bought a set of gauges because I left my gauges in Canada. That's my gift to you actually Well, no, you can't take gifts, but it's we've got a set of gauges anyway, and we're gonna charge it. So I Can't do it without both gauges. I got to have both gauges. I can't do it with the one gauge I have to do two gauges the gauges being the high and low pressure high and low because you got to see when you put it in The low you got to see what it does in high. You never put it in the high That's when you start breaking pumps and stuff. We got this whole kit here gauge and hose set It's a little hard to read because the thing was over it. Okay, now you see these hoses See this little kit. These are the little green things You got to keep them handy because these are if you drop these out or lose them it won't work And if you look in the hoses, there's some there if you don't have them in there it'll leak and it'll give you a false reading So what we got here is a set of high and low gauges blues low Reds high and they got knobs the knobs are to take the fluid From here and put it out to the the lines out Wherever on the high side these turn it off You always keep these turned off Never turn the high on when you're putting free on and you always put free on on the low side This get set of gauges some will have a straighter valve in there So you can take the hose off and it won't leak, but this don't have it. She's got to remember that I know you have to think But you have to remember that you have to have an o-ring on here and this valve Just screws on here like so all this stuff is hand tight. You don't have to tighten it up. It's made that way This red one goes on the same way You can't put a blue on a red and a red in the blue. That's how they make it idiot proof See they're different sizes small one is a low big one is high But the red goes down here right by the battery and that's the high Yeah This is the low the low goes on the small one right so you turn the You turn the end out the valve off or out right Because when it's out it's off you put it on and then we'll turn it in Get this one turn this one probably work a lot better Okay, so when you get it hooked up double check and make sure they don't come off And then you turn the knob in and the knob opens manually opens up the valve. There's not a check valve It's a manual valve like this one. They both got the same, right? You do both do them in the same direction and then you look at that And you notice you can tell you got evacuated because you'll see the gauge will move a Little bit.  It's had a little bit of freon left in it As long as you got that and not in the negative. You're all right the high side you won't see because it's it's um, oh I should tell you that that gauge is hooked to the hose not to the knob This will always read because it's hooked to the hose. Hmm Right. Mm-hmm. This one's the same way Now this is what they call a sight glass and that when we put the freon in you'll see it go Up the hose and in here and then out the low side And I should mention this is what we are using for the refrigerant for no particular reason I guess in California. There is a returnable deposit $10 a bottle. So there is $50 in returnable cans right here. Also a badge recommended to keep these in the shade out of the direct sunlight You put that there And we're gonna open the valve up and that'll get free on to here So then you open it up just a little bit and watch this here See it see that little bit. That's telling you the freon's going in Okay So now if you notice when you have your air conditioning and it's empty that nothing works So because you need about 20 pounds to kick the clutch in so we'll start it up now And we'll see what happens and we'll most slowly slowly put it in Basically what's happening the freon's coming out of there is a liquid going through the gauge and by the time it comes out of this hose Because of the restriction it'll be a vapor over there so good news after just one can The clutch is is turning on and off Over here.  This thing keeps turning on and off as well This thing is turning on and off. You can see some of the liquid going through the system there And this is can number two. This is now working. Yeah, we're through three bottles. I think we're done with the fourth Yep, so we're down to 77 degrees we need it to be 40 All right, here's the update we're at 73 degrees and we are on the very last can so it looks like we're gonna have to get some More cans of refrigerant All right, we're back We got some of this stuff This is a oil apparently you need oil in your AC system. We are seven cans deep I have my foot on the throttle. We have brought it down to now 52 degrees 51 degrees Fahrenheit This is getting pretty ice cold inside here. I'm so excited. You have no idea I have freaking air conditioning again. Finally Yes, badge is a genius. He is my mechanic magician and I am so grateful honestly badge. Thank you so so much You've saved me lots and lots of money See how it's got it walk air in it. Yeah, watch when I rev it up. It'll go away.  Tell me how much it holds Good point. We have an aftermarket air conditioner on a Ford vehicle It's a considered a strip chassis just like his classy RV a U-Haul van ambulance things like that So who really knows I don't know. What do you say, dude? I Think you better put your buckskin bra on buddy Yeah, bad you're the man. You're so awesome. I think we should take it for spin, huh? All right. Now. I've told you guys how much I love AC I don't know in words or numbers how I can describe how much I like AC that's right bad That's right bring a parka if you want to ride take a ride in Danny venture bus from now on Bring a Canadian goose down parka It is I forgot what the last reading was 44 45 that is good enough Tomorrow we're gonna go get some parts. I'll probably just gonna call it a day for now We're gonna watch some Olympics eats and food El was nice enough to cook up some stuff with badge So we're gonna have a nice old dinner. We're probably just gonna end it right here and pick back up tomorrow Well, we got a couple more fixes on the bus. Thanks for watching


So the sedimentary rocks are very important. They cover almost the entire surface of the earth. There are places of weathering and erosion that are not covered with sedimentary rocks. But most of the surface of the earth that we interact with as humans has sedimentary processes happening and sedimentary rocks on the surface. And the bottoms of the oceans are covered in sedimentary rocks. Thus, they're very, very important to earth history and to the processes that are happening on the surface of earth and also some other planets. So for example, Mars also has an important sedimentary record. So the importance of sediments can be described as the volume or the amount that they cover the surface of the earth. There are also some very practical reasons. When you have erosion like in the mountains and deposition, you can tell by the characteristics of those rocks whether it was in rivers, lakes, oceans, affected by glacial processes, and things like that. So most of the sediments accumulate in lows. So for example, most of our record of earth history is in rocks that were deposited in the oceans or marine environments. And we can look at those rocks to reconstruct the characteristics of earth history. That's one of the really important uses of sedimentology and stratigraphy. For example, we can understand changes in environment through time. We can understand the evolution of animals and the fossils that are preserved in those records through time. Another important key aspect of sedimentary rocks is resources. So one of the most valuable natural resources in California is actually sand and gravel for construction. And a lot of that comes from sediments that were deposited by rivers and transported by rivers. Our aquifers are also almost exclusively hosted in sedimentary rocks. So in Davis, the water can taste pretty bad. And that's in part reaction of the groundwater with the host rock sediments. And when you're drinking straight river water, which is a larger proportion of Davis water recently, the characteristics of that water are actually different. Sedimentary rocks also are the main source of petroleum products. The organic matter that's buried with the sediments in the oceans or sometimes in Martians decays as it gets buried and it converts into oil and natural gas. And then it's often hosted in sedimentary rocks. It sort of migrates up in pools where it can be collected as a resource. And then there are also important minerals in sedimentary rocks. So for example, in the Sierra Nevadas, there were gold veins that he wrote it out. And the gold was transported in rivers and concentrated based on the fluid dynamics into certain places where a lot of gold was found. So some of the gold was mined directly from veins, but a lot of it came from these fluvial deposits. The process of mining that gold involved hydraulic mining, which was mobilizing the sediment and using sediment transport processes and characteristics that we'll talk about later to concentrate the gold, that put a lot of sediment into the California rivers, which changed the flood behavior and the characteristics of the sediment. So we still see the effects of that sediment influx today. So overall, sedimentary rocks are really important. They cover a large part of Earth's surface. They record very important events, and they host a lot of resources that are important to people. Thanks for watching.


We're privileged to be joined this morning by US Secretary of Education, Dr. Miguel Cardona, who is announcing an ambitious plan to enhance equity and education nationwide as part of the nation's coronavirus pandemic response effort. So, Mr. Secretary, it is an honor to have you on this morning. This is an ambitious plan that looks to invite the American public to have feedback on substantial changes to help students in under-resourced communities and school districts. What elements do you consider to be the most important for families to know about? Sure, first of all, glad to be with you. Thank you for the opportunity. It has to be ambitious. For far too long, students, especially students of color, have not been able to access quality education the way other students have. So, we have to be ambitious to close gaps, to close opportunity gaps that exist, make sure that all students can succeed. And what I want parents to know is that you are your child's first and most influential teacher, and we are a supportive cast that the expectation is that there's stakeholder engagement to talk about how these funds are gonna be used and how the plans that should have equity as a backbone of it are influenced by your input as well. It's gonna take all of us to come together in ways that we haven't in the past to make sure we redesign education to provide better outcomes than had been provided before. It wasn't the pandemic that created gaps. It made them worse. They were there before. So it's time to build back better. This is intimately focused on K through 12, but in a company's guidance that you guys released last month on how federal funding and program could be used to support college access. Can you talk a little bit about that element of the plan? Absolutely. You know, we know of that access to college and even payment of college and loan debt affects some groups of students more than others. So what we are trying to do here is provide access that addresses the inequities that were there before. It makes sure that there are funds available to support that, in particular HBCUs, MSIs, TCCUs, get more support to make sure that they can help the students that they serve successfully get to and finish college. We know those institutions have done so much to help our professionals throughout the country. So it's really important that we back them and we back their mission and support ultimately our students who deserve an opportunity. I'm glad you brought up HBCUs. You led me right into my next question. If HBCUs are located in the areas that this report would designate as resource vulnerable for education and almost all these schools and MSIs are key resources in teacher training, student mentoring, community engagement, other areas that promote student success, are there any expectations that you personally have for districts to partner with schools like HBCUs or MSIs to make some of these recommendations and these funding programs more impactful for families and students? You know, when we talk about stakeholder engagement, having an HBCU in your community is a plus. They can serve as thought partners. They can serve as partner institutions on some of those shared goals. We know we need to diversify our professional teaching ranks. We know we need to engage with our families and our communities better. Why not utilize the expertise and the student body and the faculty at the HBCUs to help build capacity in districts when we talk about trauma-informed leadership, trauma-informed instruction, addressing gaps systemically. HBCUs can be great partners to districts and I encourage districts to make sure they take advantage of that great resource in their community. You guys, and then the final question, you've made so many investments in HBCUs in just a short period of time in this administration. What are some of the things that you're looking for in terms of the public's engagement, in terms of what you expect their partnership to look like? You referenced that earlier, but what are some of the things that families, community members, mentors, activists, advocates can do to support the department's efforts? Well, number one, we have to support HBCUs because HBCUs provide so much. 50% of the black dentists across the country come from HBCUs. 80% of the judges come from HBCUs. So we need to back them. They're a tremendous resource in our country. And again, just that advocacy that hold us accountable as educators to make sure that we're building back better, that we're not going back to a system that looked like it was before or else we're going to get the same results. So talk about how those partnerships at board meetings, at state board meetings, be a part of the solution. Educators, we're going to come together. K-12, higher education, we have the same goals to support our community, support our students, support our families. We have to be intentional about our collaboration and lead with a sense of urgency like we've never had before.


I'm Will Spencer from the Renaissance of Men here for the new 21 Report. I'm sitting with Ken Curry, marriage and family therapist, author, public speaker. How you doing, Ken? Good to see you. Thanks, Will. Good to see you. Good to see you. Absolutely. What was the title of your talk this year? I've talked to, I'm gonna be doing two talks. Okay. And so my first talk was to the Patriarch Convention with men, fathers. And the title of that was the power grid. Oh, wow. And so I was talking about how men do power. And especially the biggest part of it was the distinction between how the world does power and it's more of a zero sum power. Remember zero sum is the plus one minus one equals zero, which means that when it comes to power, somebody has the power, somebody doesn't have the power. And so that's how the most people see power as a struggle between who's got the power and who doesn't have the power. So in essence, my conversation with the guys was the opposite of that, which is abundance power, which is the belief that there's plenty of power to go around. And in abundance power, it's not a struggle for who's got power, but how do we empower everybody? And so my challenge for the guys was how do you become as powerful as you can as a man with not with the assumption that if I have power as a zero sum power, it's power over where I have the power as a dad, but it's power for, where my power as a man is for my family, for my wife to really empower her, to empower my kids, to empower my community, to empower my friends, because with abundance power, there's plenty of power to go around for everybody. And the more powerful I become as a man, I empower my wife, she becomes more powerful, she actually begins to empower me. And we, as a power couple, begin to empower our kids and they become more powerful, especially as they move into their teenage years and begin to learn how to build their own power and their own sovereignty, their own autonomy. And as they become stronger, they get in through school, they build their trades, they build, they're able to then really expand their influence in the world and everybody becomes more powerful. So in essence, that's kind of the gist of the conversation that I had with the fathers yesterday. So that sounds like a conversation that you've had out in the world quite a bit or perhaps tried to. Do you notice a difference between out in, say the regular world having that conversation with the men here at 21? Like how, difference in how the conversation goes, let's say. Yeah, oh my gosh. So out in the world, so to speak, the different times that I've been able to, because I'm invited quite often to talk to different groups about what I do. And in essence, and I always describe this, what I do as a therapist, as a man, part of my mission, my passion, what I want to accomplish in life, my purpose. Really is empowering men. That's what I really feel like that's in essence, empowering men. And so when I talk about empowering men, most people live in the zero sum world, so they get triggered or they question, how can you empower men, that's not right.  And so kind of the difference between being able to speak in the world with people who live in a zero sum ideal, versus here at the 21, this is a fun place because the guys, they're soaking it up, going, oh, that's what my power is all about. My power isn't a tyrannical power, it's a power for. My power is for other people. And so really encouraging other men to become powerful and strong is a really good thing and the guys feel, they feel it and go, that's amazing that that is what I'm called to do as a man. And they don't hear this message. They don't hear the, yeah, they don't hear the, gosh, what do you call it, the encouragement or challenge to actually become stronger in anywhere else on our planet, because they're called to give up their power or to be small or to withdraw. And yeah, so I think that's an answer to your question. No, that's perfect, because I think a lot of people look at 21 and they think, oh, this is men being powerful, so they can be powerful over women. Over, exactly. That's not the character, it's counterintuitive as far as the world's concerned, but we know what it's really about. It's a beautiful thing. The whole idea of power for is a beautiful thing. It really is, I'm becoming as powerful as I can as a man, not to be power over and to control and to be authoritarian, but to use my power to protect, to provide, to encourage, to strengthen the people who I love. And that's a really different type of message than most men have heard. Was there a man who approached you after your talk and said, wow, this, maybe without giving away to me and identifying details, like did you have an experience for a man connecting with you and saying this really landed for me? It's funny, because this time it didn't happen. Okay. And so, yeah. What happened before? It totally happens before. This time, under the circumstances that we had, because there was a, my speech came on the heels of another guy who was a really significant speaker, and I think the guys were fairly glassy-eyed with that, but because his speech was so powerful, when I was, so when it was afterwards, so I didn't, it's interesting that you ask, but it was, I didn't have that kind of interaction because I think the guys really, it was like they had gotten a really strong, what do you call it? Almost like a fire hose of really intense information that morning. Yeah, the men here, they take in a lot. There's a lot to take in. There is a lot, there is a lot, yeah. How would you compare this year's 21, which is now the 21 summit to previous years? I know there's three conferences at once, there's two conferences of men, one conference of women, women, how would that compare to previous years when you've spoken? The previous times it was just the 21. So this time you have the summit where there's all three going on at the same time and there's a lot going on. There's just so many. So for me it's kind of frustrating because do I listen to, you know, Jack Donovan? Do I listen to Tanner Guzzi? And it's just been really tough, kind of where do I go to listen? Because there's so many good speakers and so much good content to be able to listen to. That's the only frustrating part about it is there's just so much, I have to choose, you know, where do I go to listen to whatever. But it's just been really an honor to be able to speak like this year to the men, to the fathers. And then I'm gonna be speaking on Sunday to the women in the 22 convention. And I feel like that's a really an honor for me because I do a lot of speaking to women regularly. I'll speak at different women's groups and I'll be teaching them on Sunday a different category of just the seasons of marriage and how women especially are kind of, they kind of have been pulled into this consumerism of consumers of a type of marriage or a type of expectation about what marriage is gonna provide them. And so that's gonna be a really profound speech as well. Wow, can you give us like a sneak preview of some of the things that you'll say? I'm really curious. There are a lot of men here who are married, there are a lot of men who want to get married, there are a lot of men who dread marriage. And I think because it's kind of like a black box, you know, as we talked about earlier in Hollywood movies, marriage is the end of the movie. Like, yeah, we made it to the marriage. It's like, that's the beginning. Or Disney, either happily ever after. Exactly. Here comes French charming. And then happily ever after. And you don't hear anything afterwards. Because they're happily ever after, right? That's the yada yada yada of romance. That's the consumerism. This is what it is.  But nobody talks about what happens afterwards. And they need to. What happens when the honeymoon is over and that is an absolute essential part of every relationship. Where there's a point, you have the honeymoon and enjoy it. It's amazing. It's built on chemistry, on oxytocin and dopamine and all this really good stuff. It feels amazing. But every relationship goes to a place where the honeymoon's over. Once you have kids, or sometimes you can't have kids. You have miscarriages or you do the IVF and different things like that. That's equally as devastating as having kids. But when you have kids, it's like you don't get sleep. Everybody's working out of a deficit. All of a sudden you're not making me happy or we don't feel the chemistry anymore. And so that moment of a relationship, you have to think of it as the honeymoon's over. There's chaos, but nothing's wrong with the relationship because the relationship is designed to grow you up. And one of my quotes is from David Schnarsh. He says, marriage is a people growing machine. Amazing. It grows you up. That's what it's designed to do. And we've not been told this. We've been told it's chemistry. And so when the chemistry diminishes, we think the relationship is horrible and it's over and it's bad. It's the classic I love you, but I'm not in love with you. Right. And that is one of the worst statements ever because the in love is I don't feel the chemistry anymore. Right. That's not the time to break from your relationship. And that's when most people do and they get a divorce. And so it's at that point, we can make a really good decision to go, I'm in to grow up.  That's awesome. Yeah, and you have those options.  And that is just die, live for the kids.   They'll live for the kids, as soon as the kids are gone, I'm out.  Or you can grow up. You know, what is this teaching me? How can I grow to become who I am? To be able to become a more healthy human being. And that's a really significant thing when people choose to do that. And that's my encouragement to really take this season of the marriage. It's not easy. It is easily the most difficult season of a marriage when the honeymoon's over and you have kids. But be able to take it as, what do I need to learn? How do I need to grow and move from there? So in a sense, that's my talk to the 22 convention this year as well. That's great. I mean, I think there's so much to be gained from that form of, I guess you might say, noble struggle in a way. It's a struggle against yourself, not necessarily your partner. It's a struggle and my encouragement is to collaborate. Where let's struggle, let's do this as a team. Because it's so easy when that happens where there's this level of animosity where the other person becomes my enemy because they're not providing happiness. And I'm over here, I'm over here sucking air trying to survive. And while you're both sucking air trying to survive, nobody's getting sleep and that type of thing. But you blame and you cast that onto the other person where they're not providing my happiness.  So you have to get to a spot where I have to believe the best in them, that they're in this too. And how do we actually reclaim that teamwork and collaboration, that's the way you can actually get through this thing. And what you've got me thinking about is, the talk that you gave, putting the talk that you're doing at 22 together with the patriarch's talk is that, it would be easy to fall into a power over kind of dynamic. Where it's like even if you come into a situation like that with a power together or a power of, or four, power four dynamic, that would be really easy once the screws get put to the relationship, kids sleep and all that stuff or the struggles of everyday life. Job loss, death in the family, all the rest of it. Yeah, you fall into the power over dynamic between the two people. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, there's so many other things that it might be besides kids, like job loss or death in the family or health issues, so many things happen. It's just more common that it comes when the kids are born. But nobody tells us this stuff. Nobody tells us any of it.  And it's like, I wanna be a type of person that tells you the truth. This is what relationship is all about.  It's gonna make you stronger. And it's gonna make your relationship stronger. And you can build on a different platform that creates such a more powerful and healthy relationship. And the fun thing is that I can report, this is what I've been able to do in my own life. And that's what's really fun about this, just being able to, when I encourage people, it's not something that I look at and go, hey, you need to do this. It's like, I've done it and it works. And it's freaking amazing. And it's actually kind of fun. Well, joy in doing that, right? For yourself and others.  You see this all the time, every day. All the time, yeah. It's a really big deal. And so what do you get out of coming to 21? That's a great question. Thank you, I think so too. So I really enjoy the camaraderie. I enjoy the energy. I enjoy the passion because when I said, my purpose is empowering men, it feels like that's the purpose of the 21 convention. We wanna be able to do something where men have a place to where there's a conversation that actually is empowering. It's you can be a man, you can be strong, you can be substantive, you can follow your dreams, you can listen to your heart, you can trust your heart. And so many things, so many messages we get from the world, you know, the old toxic masculinity and all this stuff where you can't trust yourself, you can't be yourself. And I'm talking, not just trust yourself or be yourself, be the best version of yourself and be the strongest self that you can be. And that's what I really love about it is just, there's so many voices saying, come on, let's do this. Let's get strong together, whether it's physically, spiritually, relationally, it's just let's do strength together. I really, really enjoy the networking, the friendships that I build, the conversations that we have. It's just a lot of fun. Yeah, I agree with you completely. It's counterintuitive that men coming together could have fun and smile, you know, and enjoy and laugh and be together and learn about these things. Exactly. It's a wonderful experience. So you mentioned that you're a marriage and family therapist in Colorado, right? In Colorado, that's right. And so one of the things people can get a hold of me or look at my website, which is solidman.com. You also have a number of books that you've published as well in the community. Talk more about it. I'm curious about that myself. So right now I have four books and there's one more coming. So I have a series of five. So the four books are basically the material that I have used in my men's groups to be able to help men become stronger and to work through a number of different issues. And so those four books are available on Amazon. And talk a bit about your solid men men's groups. I know a lot of men are looking for community today. So my men's groups, I have the guys going through the different curriculum that I have working from, there's 17 lessons that the guys work through. Nice. And so, and it's really important the whole idea of actually doing a men's group. I think there's a number of different, well, there's reasons why. Because most men are isolated. Most men are only connected with women. And they're not very connected with men. So coming together with a group of men where you actually are able to explore what's going on inside of you. And begin to make that really significant shift from being externally referenced to internally referenced. That's a really big part of my groups. And to where a man can actually process that material with other men. And you hear other men going through their struggles and having their victories. It's a really, really powerful thing that men be involved with other men. So I have a few groups that I have. I have some locally and I have online group as well. And so some different things that are available, solidman.com. Thank you for all your contributions to men here. I know my brothers, many of whom are here, really enjoyed your talk at Patriarchs as well. So thank you for everything that you do. You bet, Will. Thank you. It's been great talking with you, Ken. You too. This is Will Spencer from the Renaissance of Men in the New 21 Report with Ken Curry. Thank you.


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Hi, my name is Dr. Radhakrishnan. I am a pediatric surgeon and a pediatric urologist and I work at the Manipal Hospital in Bangalore. Hypospedias is always diagnosed on a physical examination. It is therefore very important to do a good physical examination of the newborn so that these conditions are not missed. Generally speaking, although hypospedias itself is diagnosed on physical examination, as I had mentioned earlier, there are certain other conditions associated with hypospedias for which one may need to do further imaging studies.