It has different rules and regulations, everything else. But the predictions are in, there's a couple of predictions, which you probably already hearing already. Now, once again, don't get offended by this because the reason why we hear is to learn and take and see what's happening in the market and applying it what the predictions are and then trade off it because certain stocks are gonna move some than others. So we're gonna be back here on Wednesday at four o'clock also to see how those predictions worked out. But I know it's gonna be really exciting. So hopefully your party would do well. Hopefully we don't have any sore losers. I know we have all different types of, you know, people of political beliefs here in the trading room, but you know, we do not tolerate any policies, political beliefs in the trading room. We are the same party and we're a party of traders. So anyway, the prediction that I got that I just heard is that they are expecting that the Republicans are gonna win the House. It's 237 by 198, a net game of 26, which is actually a lot and they're expecting them to win the Senate 51 to 49, which we all know you only need one. Right now it's tied with, plus when you have the vice president that can make up the difference. But it seems like they're gonna get so far a net one. It could be as high as a net three, but that's what they're predicting on that.  So it could put a lot of pressure on the president, which you have a Democrat or president. So you all see what it's like to have a one party system.  So with that said, there are a couple of stocks that are moving because of some of the predictions that are in. Now there's some stocks that are gonna are already as of right now benefiting from it. You probably seeing in the trading room and some of them are getting crushed. So let me just go, oops, sorry, I hit the recorder. So here's our stocks of predictions that we have. We have them right here in our watch list right here. All right. And we're gonna go through them. So the first stock I wanna point out is I wanna talk about President Trump's company that he owns. We've been watching the stock early this morning. Predictions are he's going to make an announcement that he's gonna be running for president. He didn't wanna do it until after the midterms, but there's rumors have it that he is and you could see the stock is up 69%.  But if you were in the stock, no matter how much you hate him, if you could make 67% on a stock over in one day, there's a lot of reasons why you would jump into it. Now, not only that, but there's another stock that's also trade side by side with it is PHUN. This is another stock that obviously is trading very similar that President Trump, his son, Don Juno owns a piece of it. And that stock is obviously did pretty well. It's up 37% very cheap stock. A lot of you guys remember this when the company went public, this stock literally ran all the way from a dollar to about $25 and DWAC ran, you remember from here, it ran from like $10 all the way to 170. There are warrants, W, you could see the warrant did pretty well, and I think there's a U. No, because there's another warrant. Yeah, U is another one, DWACU, that's another one. So we're gonna keep an eye on it. If the rumors are true, you can obviously buy a rumor, sell on news. Usually when companies, when they do come out with news, they'll probably back off. But as of right now, it's probably a short squeeze. Now, we all know the difference between politics regarding what the Democrats stand for and the Republicans stand for. So there's a couple of stocks over here, I wanted to keep an eye on. Obviously you could see that, well, these are stocks are getting crushed, but a couple of energy stocks, oil stocks are doing pretty well. I got them right here. So you could see here, let me just blow this up so you can see a little bigger. So when President Biden took office, you could see right here in January, the stock went up, and you could see a lot of these stocks got destroyed due to a couple of rules that he passed.  And you could see how a lot of them took a big hit. But then obviously you could see what the pricing of oil would happen. And you heard that Biden was blaming that these corporate guys are making, oil companies are making a lot of money. Well, you could see after going all the way down to $5 and go away to 50, they're doing pretty well. And they're actually having a big run up so far this morning. You could see oxy, same thing. They all trade exactly the same. They got crushed when they came into office. You could see how they came all the way down to 10. Now they're up after a year and a half to up to 80. Hess, same thing. Down it dropped from 60, got crushed, went down to 30. It's almost breaking all-time highs. The stock has almost passed $150. So it's at 145 right now. BTU also, same thing, doing pretty well. And actually on the short-term, BTU is doing really, really well. So a lot of these energy stocks and oil stocks. So we know that President Biden, you heard him on TV. He said that he's stopping oil drilling, okay?  Now we're not oil-independent. He stopped all the drilling and regardless of stopping it, his company's still gonna make money because they do business around the world. And you could see how they've done very well because of the price of oil, where it's going. So that's obviously been a profit. Now personally, what I think is gonna happen from what I could see, if president is still there, okay? It's not a Republican president. So if it was a Republican president or if the house could put pressure on the president, then these stocks might be short because they could bring down and start drilling here in America. And obviously now you're gonna be self, and see what happened when Trump was in office. These stocks might be a good short, okay? So that's the one thing, that's gonna probably take a little time as a swing trade. Now a couple of the stocks are doing pretty well. You could see the markets up 400 points.  But you could see a lot of these stocks obviously doing pretty well, which we call Boeing's doing well. You know, Boeing does a lot of military. They're doing pretty well. Home Depot's probably doing well because of the hurricane and also there's no hurricane coming to Florida, which Marie, I know you just brought up. So we're gonna keep an eye on that. And those are the two stocks.  So we all know that they passed this Inflation Act, whatever they call it, Inflation Reduction Act. And a lot of it did go to the Green New Deal, certain things, but let's go look and see what's gonna happen now regarding about electric stocks. Look at Neo. Neo's getting crushed right now, okay? Look at actually right here, look at Tesla. Tesla's getting beat up, all right? Now remember, the market is up 430 points. This is not a coincidence that when you look at every single EV stock, LU getting beat up. Look where the highs are. Okay, when fighting came into office, the stock was at 15. Look how beautiful at the 50. Now look at, they're getting very beat up. They all started going down around October on XPEV. Same thing, gas stocks getting crushed. RIVN, another stock was up in this $170 price range. Look where it is now, down to 31. Workhorse, I think this was the company that, which we'll call it, Vice President Harris was talking about the electric buses. Well, this is what this company does. You could see stock did phenomenal when he came into office. Stock went from $2, shop to $40. Now it's all the way back down to two. And it's still going down. You can see in the all of them it down. FSR, Fisker, another EV company getting crushed. Nikola was 87, it's down to $2.30. LCID, look at, they're all down. Every one of these EV stocks are down. GOEV, another one, all down. Now one last thing I want you to point out, with the EVs, we talked about this today. What else is next? Charging stations. Remember charging stations? When fighting came into office, these things were great. Everyone thought that we're gonna have them all over the place. Stock went from $2 to $60, huge winner, okay? Now look where it is now. Down to 12, it's down on the day. Remember, the markets have 400 points. Why are these things down? Okay, charge point, same thing. Up to $35, now it's all the way down almost in a single digits, down to 11. Another stock down 5%. So once again, depending if the predictions are correct. And if they are saying that the Republicans will own the house and the Senate, you could see probably this could continue to happen. You might get, once again, buy a rumor, sell on news. You could probably see a little bit of a short covering. You could see profit taking on some of these stocks, but you could start seeing how it's already starting to come. People don't really like, they like to position themselves before they come effect. So I'm really excited to see what's gonna happen on Wednesday when we get back and we're in the trading room and see how these things move on. Now, anything that anyone wanna share with me regarding about what should happen due to the elections, anyone have any questions? Yeah, Raymond, yes, the DWACW is that other one that warrant. And you could see right now, they're the two biggest percentage gainers in the NASDAQ market, the DWAC, DWACW and EU. The bond market, so the bond market obviously is also taking a very, you could see the TLT is taking a very big hit. It's down to 93, it's down on a day while everything else is going up. So, I mean, I don't trade the stocks. I don't know too much about it. So, Gregor, I can't really kind of comment on it. All right, but it is more of a ETF, okay? All right, so there are the predictions. That's what you gotta focus on.  And make sure you tell your friends to vote. It should be an exciting one. And we'll see, I probably think it's gonna might be a little bit slow tomorrow. I mean, listen, if we get a stock like this that happened today, like Virtru, we always find that, $9 stock going all the way to about 16. What a huge winner, right? What a great stock, trading early this morning. What a great, great, fun stock. They're gonna still be out there. A lot of these big runners, the Tupperlady did great today. That thing ran from like $4 all the way to five. They're gonna be out there. We'll still find them. So, obviously, first part of business is going out there and trading what's in the big percentage gainers and we'll focus on the stocks that might be affected with the stocks, all right? No problem, everyone. Do I welcome Grant, Larry, same thing? And I'll see you all back here tomorrow and bright and early in the cyber group room.  I know we had a lot of people that signed up on all week last week. We have hundreds of you with that registered. Please make sure. Take the class very seriously. Talk to Education Advisor. Don't trade anything that we're trading in the trading room. This is a trading room, not a teaching room. And talk to Education Advisor so you can kind of prepare you what to expect so you can make this the best experience as possible. So hopefully you can make you one of our traders and you can be part of this family, all right, everyone? Good luck, everyone. Happy trading. Dory, rest of your night and I'll see you all back here in the morning.


Now, despite the decades of research into this stuff, most high school and university classes are done in a kind of traditional format. They call it the sage on stage where a professor stands in front of a room and their job is to profess, to fill these empty vessels, these students with knowledge. But what's actually happening in a lot of these classrooms is students spend their time taking notes and they're feverishly trying to record what the professor is saying, kind of like a court stenographer, right? And so that doesn't give much of an opportunity for students to really engage with the material, to process it deeply. Instead, they're just note-takers. That's their main role, I think, as students. And I have a lot of experience with my students in each of my classes that I teach and I talk to them, each of them about how they record their lectures, how they take notes, how they study for these sorts of things. And the vast majority of people, when they sit in a class or they sit in any university lecture, as you said, they just write down absolutely everything that you say. And that's their method of studying. And it's very common. In fact, I suspect that a lot of the students in this course are probably writing down every word that we're saying right now. And that's not the most effective way of learning. We know this. But it's extremely common. So is highlighting the information when they're reading a textbook. And obviously, the title of the segment is Learn by Doing. And what we're really trying to emphasize here is the importance of active learning. That sounds trite. The active component, the struggle that people have with generating the content. And that is extremely important.  It's a matter of actually producing the content. So that struggle, I think, really solidifies it in memory, really cements it. So you'll remember it far longer than you will if you actually just reread the information. Yeah. I think anything, what we mean by that active learning is anything you can do to engage with the content more deeply. So this can be anything from quizzing yourself, using flashcards, getting your friends to quiz you, just chatting about the content with your friends and family over dinner, trying to relate the concepts that you're learning now to other concepts that you know really well. Just relating the material to your everyday experience will really help with encoding that information. And this is something that both John and Bob said, that memory in our learning kind of works like a scaffolding. The more that you know, the more you're capable of knowing, right? And as we've heard, memory does not work like a video camera with some kind of limited capacity. It's kind of better than that. You can build on this material if you work on it actively. So that'll help with encoding, and it'll help with retrieving those memories when you need it in the immediate future or months down the track. That's exactly right. But I think what we need to do is make that idea of retrieval a little bit more concrete. So what does that actually look like when people are retrieving the information? And I think the best way is something that most people are already familiar with, and that is flashcards. So, obviously, something as simple as learning another language. So if you see the word, say, bonsoir in French, if you actually have to generate the English equivalent of that word from memory, that struggle, that, oh, bonsoir, what is that? That process right there that you're actually engaging in to generate good evening in English. That's that process that we're after. But if you just see the words, bonsoir equals good evening in a guidebook or in your textbook, you can read that a dozen times, and it's not going to get you any closer to remembering that information nearly as much as actually generating that. And so having flashcards, writing on one side of the card, bonsoir, having generating the English equivalent, writing it out, and then looking on the other side whether you were correct or incorrect. Going with another French phrase and so on. Having English on one side and French on the other and going back and forth. But it's not just simple association learning like that. It can also be very complex, and so we can have a word like, or a concept like the availability heuristic. So on one side of the card you have what is the availability heuristic, and you generate the response. So students in this class might actually try it. So you have on one side availability heuristic go, right? What is it? Generate the description of the availability heuristic. And then once they've tried and they see where they're not quite clear as to exactly what their understanding of that is, then they can flip it over and then they can see exactly what that definition is. And you can do that for the confirmation bias. You can do it for representativeness heuristic. For each of the topics and the content in this course, put it into a flashcard. Use retrieval learning and see whether you can actually explain it or not. Whether you can actually talk to your mother or your sister or something and explain that concept to them. And it's only when you see, only when you struggle with that material in producing it that that real learning happens. And that is going to cement it in memory and you're going to remember it for much, much longer. I think now it's really important to realize that this process, this struggle of retrieving something from memory and making mistakes is by far the best way to learn. I mean a good heuristic or rule of thumb that you can use is that if it feels easy, you're probably doing it wrong. I think that's right. And another really good example of this is when you're preparing a talk or presentation of some sort. Now the first sort of knee-jerk response when you're preparing a talk is to memorize it. To write out the entire thing and read it and then reread it in preparing for this big event. That's what most people do. How else am I going to get through it? That's right. But in fact, that's probably the worst thing that you can do. The best advice that I can give when preparing to give these sorts of things is to give it. Just present it.  Anyone who's willing to listen, just have a go. Don't worry about getting the lines right or getting... It's going to be bad. The first one, two, three times that you do is going to be horrible. You forget what it was that you were talking about. It's going to be terrible. But that's the process. If you're actually trying to generate the thing, if you're trying to struggle to remember the themes of your presentation, what it is that you're going to be talking about, that process, that struggle is going to cement it in memory, but it's going to make it a lot more flexible. When you're actually giving the talk, you won't be stuck to your lines. If you lose your place, you won't be out on a limb. You're going to be completely able to adapt and go on to something else, and it's going to seem a lot more natural, a lot more pleasing to the audience to watch that sort of presentation than one where people just memorize the entire thing. I think you're right. This idea of struggling is something that's not comfortable. It's probably the worst thing that we can possibly imagine. Bob York calls this desirable difficulties, and this is just one example. This is the difficult part, that struggle, that feeling of uncomfortableness that comes with trying to generate, trying to retrieve that information. The desirable part is all of the benefits that that kind of provides. Six months down the road, or when you're giving your presentation, these desirable part is really the reason that we're doing this entire episode is for people to reap the benefits of that. Here's what Bob York had to say when I asked him about desirable difficulties.


This webinar is about the international geosample number IGSN and it will discuss how it is used, its structure, its governance model and the underlying technology. The international geosample number is a global network of 19 members on four continents and this webinar will also show in more detail the Australian implementation at CSIRO, at Geoscience Australia and at Curtin University, and give you an outlook into where things will move next. The presentation on the IGSN will then be followed by a short report on the Cutting Edge Science Symposium, Lincoln Environmental Data and Samples, which happened at the end of May, beginning of June in Canberra.


Hello and welcome everyone to the E4M talk show. We have today with us Paul Segalov, who has the sales business of Yahoo across the APEC region and he's based in Australia. Welcome to the show Mr. Segalov. Hello Kanchin, it's wonderful to be here and thank you so much for your time. How are you doing? I think you have the first snowfall of the season today. Absolutely, you can tell I've been in this very cold room for a while so I've excused the jacket but I've been sedentary and it's definitely winter is upon us here in Sydney but it's sunny and crisp and cold. Okay, we have 30 to 35 degrees centigrade in Mumbai at present. Wow, a little bit different. Apart from you have a new government also in Australia that is installed recently. So my first question would be are you expecting any major changes in the media policy now since you have a new government and also I would like to know from you about your plans and strategy and maybe overview of your policy about here. Yeah, look about Yahoo. Firstly, let's go macro. I think there's a lot of great opportunity with the new government. It's too soon to say if there's going to be any kind of major changes coming through but I think it's an interesting time for everybody as we start to look at privacy and compliance and there's obviously quite a lot of scrutiny about some of the kind of larger media businesses that have taken a lot of revenue out of the traditional media businesses. So I think that that will probably continue but yes, I think it's a little too too soon to tell exactly how it's going to all play out at the moment. I would like you to elaborate on your own strategy for Yahoo business since you have taken it as APSE head. Yeah, look, I think it's a very exciting time to be here in our business. Yahoo or the new Yahoo as we call it is really in a transformational place with Apollo recently acquiring Yahoo. We really have the backing for what we need to take Yahoo to the next level. So Yahoo has a really impressive range of assets. We've got those premium iconic brands. We've got our industry leading ad tech and all of that is fueled by billions of data points to really help drive that better audience personalization for our consumers and move to meaningful engagement. So we're really focused on driving, I suppose, our value creation through these big iconic brands and our ad tech and we're seeing some pretty phenomenal growth across the board. And when we look at our DSP, our demand side platform, both globally and in India, we're seeing some pretty amazing growth. Let me quantify that. Across India, we're seeing about 130% growth on our DSP, which is amazing versus 115% on KGAR. And globally, we're seeing about 185% growth. So that's absolutely been a strong driver of growth. And our key growth drivers in India also include things like our native products, our DSP and our exchange as well. And we have a lot of global partners, but we also have a lot of local partners in India on the exchange side of the business as well. So we have a lot of direct premium publishers and their well renowned names like Times of India or Daily Hunt or Z5 or Microsoft. So advertisers can really reach that great engaged Indian online population at scale through our full stack as well. And we have reported strong diversified year over year revenue growth in 2021. And a lot of that has come from our high performing sort of consumer engagement experiences when you look at the mega trends, e-commerce is a really exciting experience. And really, when we think about focus areas, it's about continuing to double down on our strong partnerships across media ecosystem. So examples of that across the APAC region would be things like NIR, which is a great data partner. And that helps with kind of closed loop attribution. Again, we had a very recent press release and announcement, I think it was last week with Hyde Stack. So that's all about embracing Digital Outer Home as a growing and emerging trend and accessing inventory there. And then obviously, there's a whole piece on identity. So obviously, as we kind of move towards this cookie less and ID less world, how do we help those advertisers navigate towards that? So look, a lot's happening, but it's a very exciting time for Yahoo. Very impressive growth indeed. So now a natural question. I mean, Yahoo had shut down its news operations in India last year. So do you have any plans to restart the domain now? Look, I just want to acknowledge that Yahoo India was obviously impacted by the change to the regulatory laws. And that wasn't a decision that we came to lightly given our 20 year association with all of those users in India. We still have great products through our mail, which incidentally is the second largest email service in India. And also, we have Yahoo Search as well. And that continues to operate in India. And that also represents a sizeable audience. In addition, we've got our growing advertising business. So we're well placed to pursue strong opportunities in India. And key drivers as I touched on were our DSP, but also our native business as well. And really, the advertising business in India has been a strong contributor to our global growth story. And as I mentioned earlier, DSP is being kind of pivotal to that. But I think we're always looking for opportunities that are in line with our global strategy and our company goals. And that's really about how we benefit our business. And India is a strategically important market. So we're obviously going to continue to assess the situation. We're going to look at the landscape in India and really continue to engage with the Indian government and other stakeholders to understand future opportunities there. That means a new section is unlikely to be started very soon, right? At this moment, yeah, there's no announcements for me to talk about today. Okay. So what are your biggest challenges at present, considering the increasing size of Google, Amazon, beta? Oh, well, they are some pretty big competitors. But the way I like to look at it is really when you look at Yahoo's scale and our global reach, it's actually pretty similar to that of Facebook and Google, with our global products and services reaching almost 900 million people. However, we do operate very much like an independent player. So we're way more collaborative. We don't have a walled garden approach. And it's really about putting our consumers and our partners first. So Yahoo's seen considerable change. And that's kind of well expected, I suppose, as we're one of the founding companies of the internet. And we experienced a lot of learnings along the way. But as I said earlier, the new era of Yahoo is really focused on driving that value creation through our global brands and our ad tech solutions and our search business. And we have deep product experience. We've got tremendous industry knowledge that will drive new opportunities and also have some great investment across the globe. So really with Apollo coming on board and backing us, what we are is we're free from the public market. So we can build on our strong momentum and we have the runway to take Yahoo to the next level. So personally, I'm really excited about our future. For me, I feel like the stars have aligned. It's a moment in time where we really have the ability to unlock that full potential. We've also got our iconic brands. We've got our Omnichannel full stack. And outside of our own and operated content, we've got those kind of deep global partnerships that we have with the likes of Apple and Microsoft and Fox. But most importantly, I always talk about people. And people really are the lifeblood of our business. And we have an amazing team, certainly in India, hugely talented team. We have that great asset base and we have incredible business momentum. And really, it's those proof points I touched on earlier. We're already seeing tremendous momentum. And so it's, how do we continue to drive that? And the way that we kind of look at it is we're building this rich ecosystem. And that's about creating sustainable value. But we want to do that for our businesses that we partner with. We want to do it with our advertisers and just to make sure that it's a mutually beneficial space for us to play in. How do you plan to scale up Yahoo's creative studios and Metaverse domain? Are you planning to produce branded content as well? Look, I think the metaverse is really, really interesting. And it really speaks to that larger trend for me. It's about the demand for immersive personalised experiences. And we were quite an early mover on the AR and VR space. So when I think about AR ads, it's really built to make messages resonate. And it's more appealing to consumers. And we've found that brands that adopt those new mediums and technologies such as the metaverse will more effectively engage and convert some of their target audiences. When I think about shopping and I think about AR and AI, it's really about how do we create long lasting impressions? So how can you keep your brand top of mind for future shopping needs? And also, when we look at AR, Yahoo Studios has found that 46% of shoppers are really interested in this AR content. We're seeing that 80% of people want this kind of 360 degree view of the product. Obviously, a lot more people are doing Ecom, but it's really seeing and having that interactive experience before they buy. We're also seeing that over 60% are more likely to pay attention to products when they're presented in an innovative way. And as you know, there's a big fight for attention out there. But when I think about the metaverse, for me, the metaverse is all about experiences. So for me, that's about how do we bridge the gap between our physical and our virtual worlds? And brands are really interested to learn more as they explore in this space. Interestingly, millions of consumers are already playing in this space. And when you think about how people learn, when you read, you retain about 10% of information. When you hear, you retain about 20%. When you see, it's about 30%. But when you experience, a lot of people can retain up to 90%. So there was a really interesting case study around the metaverse that we did with a liquor product called Monkey Shoulder, which was a whiskey product. And that was over in the UK. And it was something that came to like we showcased it last week in our APAC Gray Summit. But interestingly, they had a great relationship through experiences and music. And so they used to set up these events and people would attend the events in real life and their product would be there. Then obviously, the pandemic came and there weren't really many in real life events. But what they recognized were there were millions of people in the metaverse. So with the help of Yahoo, they recreated an experience in Decentraland. They had volumetric capture of DJs that they selected. And they created this virtual event, which proved to be really, really popular. Again, people could still experience and interact with their products. But it was a great way for them to do that in an even innovative way. And I think that for me was kind of a great example of how when you have sort of the traditional marketing approach, but then you embrace the way that new consumers are engaging and how do you pull that through. And that was a great test and learn environment that worked really, really well and paid off for them. And there's loads of other opportunities as well and examples. So people that like to shop digitally are here. And again, the metaverse will be a really interesting playground for that. So again, another example was in New York where Yahoo was an innovation partner at New York Fashion Week. And we collaborated with a popular designer called Maisie Whelan on a holographic experience. And the holograms would appear as virtual models and they would come to life where people would interact and play with them. And then consumers could experience the collection through 3D assets that were available through QR codes and they could share it with friends using kind of where they are as well. And I think this is kind of really exciting and interesting for people. And then bringing it back to India and home, I think when what this means is the viewers from anywhere in the world can now be a part of an event or an experience. They just need a mobile phone to engage and explore. And as you well know, Indians absolutely love smartphones. So I think we're well placed to capitalize on the trend here. What is the mandate of your creative studio? I wouldn't necessarily there's kind of a clear mandate, but it's certainly around understanding, you know, clients challenges, recognizing those global consumer megatrends and leaning in and being a pioneer and an innovator. So again, it's not about owning a chunk of the metaverse. It's actually about the democratization of the metaverse and saying, well, who's doing really interesting things in this space? What can we do to work with them to collaborate to partner? And also, we have a great relationship and deep relationships with many brands. And so a lot of them come to us for knowledge and education. And we do a lot of tests and learning in the space in the space. So I think it's really exciting that, you know, we're kind of exploring and identifying a lot of new opportunities here. I would like to know from you what are the current trends in the ad technology market. And you already mentioned a couple of brands with which you are working. But I would also like to know the categories of brand which are largely advertising with Yahoo India. Okay, got lots there. So let me just unpack that for you. So when we think about brands in India, and you know, I'm fortunate enough to talk to many of them, the theme of Omnichannel seems to be standing out. So again, if you're not familiar with Omnichannel, it's how to connect with consumers across the digital ecosystem in a seamless way. And this really goes beyond display and video and native. And now basically, we like to include channels like connected TV and digital out of home. So the trend that I'm noticing is how can ad tech really drive greater performance and efficiency. And there's that old ad age of 50% of my advertising is working. But I don't know which half is. But now through the Yahoo DSP, you absolutely can. So when we look at connected TV, firstly, viewing in India is rising fast. With smart connected TVs, it's reported to exceed sort of 40 million by 2025, according to EY. And then you've got CTV inventory as a result of that is becoming available programmatically. And that's really attracting more linear spend. So as a result, we're seeing that CTV will be a big driver for India. And we're already seeing growing interest from advertisers changing gear a bit and looking at digital out of home. We're seeing that there's obviously a bit of a resurgence with Indian city for the now opening up. And we're seeing that the growing availability of digital out of home inventory through programmatic channels is really making it easier for advertisers to buy. And I think this is interesting because it actually is attracting new demand. It's not just taking existing demands. But really, most importantly, digital out of home has been proven to drive sales. So we did a research project. And basically that showed that digital out of home ads really nudged shoppers towards that impulsing purchases, which is guilty. Well, I'm sure we've all been guilty of that. But what we're seeing is that 56% have reported that they purchased an item that's been featured in a digital out of home display ad. And 65% of these purchases were unplanned. So really, that's been triggered after a customer has seen the ad. And then finally, when we look at as cookies go away, and brands are preparing for a cookie list in an idealist world, there are numerous solutions out there. And really, Yahoo's doing a lot of work in our connect ID and our next gen solution space. So I don't know if you want me to dive into that now, because there's a lot I can kind of expand on. Or I'm also happy to kind of talk about the kinds of advertisers that we're seeing in India. So maybe I'll take that one first. So when we look at the different categories, really, we work with a diverse group of clients. And that could be anything from FMCG brands to automotive to banking and finance. And what we're seeing is that some of our advertisers would, for example, would include people like Amazon, or Abbott, or Mahindra automobile, automotive, so Renault, Mercedes would be some good examples, or ICICI Direct would be like another great example of that. And then in addition, what we have is a strong network with our advertising agencies, our agency trading desks. So people like Kineso, OMG, Madison, Amnet, and Socrati, we have really deep relationships with those partners as well. And again, going on the journey with them in terms of trying to help them solve their clients' business objectives, which is super important. How do you plan to strengthen your core abilities like search, email, right? Yeah, look, those products are always on and they're permanently being invested in. So, interestingly, if you go to the iOS or the Play Store and you were to look at Yahoo Mail versus other providers, you'll find that we're kind of one of the highest ranked in the mail stores. So I think it's a continual sort of relentless focus on the consumer, really trying to understand what requirements they need based on changing consumer trends. Obviously, e-commerce is growing. So how do you have a really kind of organized inbox based around a lot of emails people get and breaking up kind of the social media emails to the work emails, to the e-commerce emails would be kind of an example of things that we're doing. But something for me that we've put a lot of time and energy and focus on is basically the cookiness world and how do we protect consumers with privacy. And really, philosophically at Yahoo, it's about putting trust and control back in the hands of our consumers and our advertisers. And as one of the founding companies of the internet, Yahoo has intimate knowledge of the digital landscape and we're uniquely positioned to really understand our partner's needs as we enter a cookiness world. And one of the reasons we console for this is because we've got millions of global direct consumers and we've got great relationships with them and we have a lot of first party data. But before I go into that, it's really important that we understand the problem so we can really understand what we're solving for. So what I want to do is kind of chunk that down. And when you think about the old world and I'm a really visual person, but if you visualize a pie chart, identity was really fueled by 50% cookies and 50% device IDs that powered your targeting solutions. Now, when you look in current reality, it's more like 35% cookies, 35% device IDs and approximately 30% of all our impressions have been delivered to unknown users because in browsers like Safari, you've got these cookie blockers. So fast forward to the new world. So how do you piece together identity without cookies or device IDs? So knowing all of these changes were coming, Yahoo has been focused on building a solution ahead of time. And the way that we kind of deliver on this is through a multi-pronged approach. And that is how do we get this full identity picture in a cookiness world? So what I want to do really quickly is kind of rebuild that pie chart. So if you think of an empty pie chart, 30% of the pie chart is going to be powered by what we call our connect ID solution. So Yahoo Connect ID solves when an ID is present. And our identity graph brings together a significant amount of opt-in data that is first party, second party, and third party data signals to build those comprehensive user profiles. Secondly, you have our next generation solutions. So that makes up about 45% of the pie chart. And Yahoo's next-gen solution solves for when an ID is not available. So what we do here is we leverage Yahoo's data, our machine learning, and we look at those real-time signals to infer audience characteristics. But we do that in a privacy-preserving manner. We then look at our data partnerships. So as I mentioned earlier, NEAR would be a great example of that. So where we've got data partnerships that complement first-party data. And really what we're trying to do is provide a more holistic view. So again, there's partners like Nielsen or Experian or Adobe or Bluekai that would help with piecing together that. Then you've got about 5%, which is about enhanced attribution. So that's really about improving measurement of click-through rates in a world where cookies are blocked. So that's how you have basically a dot pixel on a site or in a tag manager that can be tracked on iOS using Apple's new transparency framework. And then the last little 5% of your pie chart is really room for new innovation, new partnerships, new learnings. And so that's really how we've tried to reconstruct for a cookie-less world. And the great news is it's absolutely working, Kanshan. What we're seeing is that globally we've had over 11,000 publishers and domains like BuzzFeed and Shopify and Newsweek that have already adopted Connect ID. And we've got over 3,000 advertisers that have already started to activate first-party data. So that's huge. And it means that when the decision to extend the current operating dye and the current way of operating was here, it's actually just given us more time to build the muscle memory and get organized for the future. So we're in a really, really good position there. Very interesting. So my last question, digital marketing space is evolving very fast in India. How Indian market is different from the other APAC markets? Oh, well, look, I think there's similarities and there's differences. So I think, you know, interestingly for Yahoo, why we're really well positioned within that is that with our global structure, we're really solving clients' business objectives in a global holistic way. And what we're finding is that I talk about global scale, but local autonomy. And a lot of the smarts that I've talked about are evolved and created with global rollout in mind. And that has been incredibly beneficial for India because what they can do is leverage on all of this expertise and learnings from across the globe. But where we have great competitive advantages that we then go, well, what makes sense locally in India, given the market dynamics, the market maturity, again, talking to a lot of advertisers around what's important to them and understanding how through our suite of products, what's going to work best within the Indian market. So really, you know, the talented team on the ground in India are excellent, just synthesizing, you know, all of the all of the trends that are happening and then saying, well, actually, we feel that now they can roll out those things to really continue to deliver on those solutions. And I have to say, given the momentum that that team had, when I look back at full year 2021, the Indian business grew in excess of 40% year over year. So, you know, really, they've done a tremendous job at leveraging the capabilities that we have across our global business and making sure that resonates globally across the Indian market. Thanks for taking time out and talking with us, Mr. Sigalov. Thank you very much and happy Windows. Thank you, Kanshan. Thank you very much for your time. And it was great talking. Xavier. Thank you.


So now we'll look at some questions. So sulfuric acid mobilizes aluminium and magnesium ions from clays in the soil water and into waterways. Explain how sulfuric acid mobilizes aluminium and magnesium ions from clays into the soil water. So the way that I would explain this is that I would say that the hydrogen ions produced when the sulfuric acid ionizes they adhere to the negative surface of clay and they displace the aluminium and magnesium ions that adhere to the negative surface of the clay and that pushes them into the soil water where they can be absorbed by plants. So the sulfuric acid produces hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions adhere to the negative surface of the clay and they displace the aluminium and magnesium ions from the surface of the clay into the soil water. So here's another question. It says nitrogen dioxide reacts with rainwater to form acid rain containing nitric acid. Write an equation for this reaction. So we've got nitrogen dioxide that's reacting with water and that forms nitric and nitrous acid. So we need to balance this. I think we need two of these. Two nitrogen, two nitrogen, two hydrogen, two hydrogens, one, two, three, four, five oxygens, three, four, five oxygens. So there we go. That's balanced. Second question here says many plants do not thrive under acid conditions. Identify one effective acid rain on soil that reduces plant growth. Here I could talk about the toxic cations being mobilized by the acid rain. Last part says acid rain causes ion structures to deteriorate. Write an organic equation for the reaction of acid rain with iron. So I'm going to start with a solid ion. We're going to react to that with some hydrogen ions and we're going to make Fe2 plus, so ferrous ion. So acid with metal goes to salt plus hydrogen gas. So now I just need to balance it out. So I need two hydrogen ions here, FeS, and there we go. So a solid ion has reacted with the hydrogen ions to reduce ferrous ions and hydrogen gas. So I can put in my subscript so I can see what's happening there. So today we looked at acid rain. We looked at the effective acid rain on the environment, both natural and built. And we looked at its negative consequences. That's it for flipping science today. See ya.


Hello everybody, E here. Welcome to Hap E Holidays, where we are going to be doing 25 videos from the first to Christmas Christmas content, winter content, all that. I'm gonna try and keep it to Christmas and I'm gonna try and keep it to the darker side, the horror side of things. I will have some stuff, some things, just like I did for Halloween, some family-leaning stuff for Halloween. I did nightbooks and the Halloween tree. This year I'm gonna be reviewing a boy called Christmas, which is on Netflix right now if you want to check that out before I get to it. But before we jump into our review today, I have something for you. War on Christmas. By me? Yeah. So three years in a row, I released, well actually every single year since 2015, I believe. I've released a free Christmas story during the holidays. The first three all tied together. I call it War on Christmas and the covers are on the back. It was the naughty list, Deck the Halls, and then Beyond the Gates of Toyland. So three interconnected stories all about Santa Claus saving the day.  But this is up all year long. You can buy the paperback. There will be free, new free short Christmas stories from both my name, Edward Lorne and Ward Nerdlow. They'll be two up this year. So extra pin name, you get an extra free story. Anywho, moving on with the review today we are talking about Rare Exports, which is a Finnish film about a evil Santa Claus. Now what I wanted to talk about the most here is that I really enjoy this movie. I love this movie a lot. It's about a mining, it's not really about a mining expedition, but there's this mining going on, going on in this mountain. They uncover Santa Claus' tomb and then carnage just ensues. It's one of the better quality productions that I've seen. I can't remember if the movie was dubbed, but it is, it is in Finnish. I can't remember, like I said, I can't remember if the movie's dubbed. I normally watch the credits, not the credits. I usually have captions on for the translation on any foreign film because it, you know, I don't like the way the dubbing is forced. And usually they're not saying anything near what like in Squid Game. People are complaining about that in Squid Game. So I prefer the, you know, the subtitles. That's it. Not captions. I guess they're captions. What is it? Is it subtitles if it's in the same language? No, it's captions for the hearing impaired and subtitles for a different language. Right? I don't know. Let me know down there in the doobly-doo. But back to the movie. So this one has to do with an evil Santa coming, coming back and wreaking havoc. It's a very brutal and gory movie. I have a lot of fun with that aspect. The best part of the film, I think, is the depiction of this nasty Santa Claus. It really hit the sweet spot for me, both in horror and Christmas. I think it was very, very well done. And I want you guys to check it out. I these are these reviews are going to be shorter because I like I'm going to be liking all the stuff that I talk about. Whereas you got negative reviews for 31 days of Halloween. Halloween. I have screwed up the Taliban thing. Anyways, but you're going to get all stuff that I enjoyed, at least three stars or above for this because it is the holidays, man. We're going to be happy around here. Trust me, the negative reviews will be coming back. It's OK. Anyways, so with with rare exports, the production quality, the characters are great. Everything everything about the film is terrific. But what I want to know from you guys, I'll be down in the doobly-doo to talk to you. How do you feel about Santa Claus being portrayed as a villain? In my in war on Christmas, he's the hero. Me personally, I tend to lean towards Santa Claus being the hero in the horror movies or but it also seems like most horror makes Santa Claus the villain. So do you like that? Do you not like that? There's another aspect that Krampus is an in rare exports, but you have Krampus to balance him out in Brahms Krampus. Krampus is the good guy and Santa is the bad guy. Where do you draw the line? Do you think both of them can be bad or good? Do you just have no preference? Let me know down there in the doobly-doo. One last thing about this film, I really want to talk about the production quality. So down there in the doobly-doo, let me know if you have seen this film, let me know what you thought of the production quality, because I thought it was like a triple A title. The cinematography, the movie is beautiful, but also it's a lot of fun. So it's not an art house film.  You know, it's it's more about the the experience than it is like the plot. And this one's plot heavy, but this film is shot beautifully. Big fan of that, big fan of the violence. There's there's one section in a room and everything. You'll see. I don't want to tell you too much about it. I want you to enjoy it for yourself. But if you have watched it or if you do end up watching it, come back to this video. Let me know what you thought of it down there in the doobly-doo, whether or not you loved it, hated it, felt mad about it. But if you felt any of those ways, let me know why in detail so that we can have a discussion. But until next time, I have been E, you have been U. This has been another episode, first episode. Get it right. First episode of happy, happy, holidays. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye bye.


So, okay, I think it's time to continue. So, the next speaker is Cenk Sivu, and he will speak about the wrote and type coding for Clanian groups. Okay, so, yeah, firstly, thank you very much for inviting me here, and also thank you very much for giving me the chance to speak. So, the topic that I'll be talking about is not really related to either random matrix or point process, it's more closely related to egodic theory or random, or like random walks on discrete groups. So, the motivation is earlier paper by, oh yeah, so firstly, this is a collaboration with Sasha Bufenthoff and Alexei Klementko. So, the motivation is earlier paper by Bufenthoff, Klementko and series, Caroline series. So, it's about, it's some result about convergence of spherical averages on function groups. So, the main result of that paper is this theorem. If G is a function group, those are discrete subgroup of the isometric groups of a hyperbolic plan such that it has an even angle fundamental domain. So, in other words, it has a fundamental domain which is a polygon where the angles are of the form two pi over two n, and it has, its fundamental domain has either five sides or three or four sides and a non-compact or four sides but no two opposing angle in like pi over two. So, if you satisfy this property, then if there is a measure preserving action of G on a probability space X or any function on log L of X, the spherical average the function at two n steps and then let n go to infinity. So, this is the spherical average which is defined as of a function and it will just be the sum of like the average, I'm sorry, sum of all the group elements of a word length n and then G inverse of f. So, here S of two n is the subset of G consisting of a group elements of word length two n. Here the word length is defined using the generating set consisting of elements that sends a fundamental domain to an adjacent fundamental domain. So, earlier Alexander Buffenthal did this in the case of three groups but one of the key arguments in the case of three group is that there's a way to like code all the elements in three groups using a mark of coding which has a inverse and I'm going to define those concepts carefully later. And the idea is for this, the main idea of this one is that we can define similar inverse mark of coding not just for three groups but for a more general case for this kind of function groups. In other words, even though these function groups are generally not free, they are like good enough for this purpose. So, the main tool of one of the main construction of this of their paper is that they are using a coding which is a invertible coding of elements in some group. So, I'm going to define this concept. So, firstly, by a mark of coding of a group G with generating set S, we mean the following data.  So, two subsets of, two non-anti subsets of the vertices of gamma. Secondly, we have a group element G on each vertex of gamma. And, thirdly, we have a map from... So, when we have the first one and the second one then we have always have the map. Map from all paths on gamma to group G sending a path, say I1, go to I2, go to In, 2G, In, G, In minus one, all the way to G I1. But for this graph together with these group elements to be a good coding, we will require this map to be a one-to-one from paths of length N to group elements of word length N. Well, because this is just like when we are using these codings we are doing averages, sometimes the one-to-one can be slightly weakened. In other words, sometimes just almost one-to-one would be enough. In other words, for some purposes, we just want, we want this map to be mostly one-to-one but like for some set with a really small number comparing to the size of the group elements of word length and they may be like two-to-one or multiple-to-one as long as those numbers are neglectable as N increases. This is also fine. So yeah, using the coding we can actually already get many interesting results about egoticity for the groups. But because this is like the goal is to get estimates on the spherical average is we require some additional information on the coding. Additional structure on the coding. So that's why we need to strengthen this concept into invertible coding. So invertible coding. The limit is in the, where? Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, equals just the limit that one would expect. So this is as square. So this is like the sigma algebra from a generated by subsets of x that are invariant on the s-square. So the limit that one should expect. So in particular, if there's no invariant subsets then the limit would just be a constant. And then this is almost everywhere and then in the sense of measure. And also L1. So, yeah, so in order to deal with something, this spherical average which is more subtle than a spherical average, for example, one need to add some additional conditions on the coding. So this is what we call invertible coding. So firstly we need an evolution on the graph gamma sending starting sets. Oh, by the way, there's a mistake in this statement. All paths on gamma, not all paths on gamma allowed. It has to be a path starting with some point in the starting set and ending at some point in the ending set. This is going to be useful later. So sending starting set to ending set and then ending set to starting set. And secondly, for every vertex, we need an additional group element such that G i equals h i if i is in ending set. And furthermore, we need that if there is an edge from i to j then h j g i equals g sigma j inverse h i. So this condition guarantees that under the, so if we have a sequence i one or the i two all the way to i sub n and then we apply the evolution sending them to sigma i sub n goes all the way to sigma i one. So this condition guarantees that, oh, mistake, still in the same direction. Guarantees that the group element corresponding to this string will equal, yeah, it's the opposite direction. The group element corresponding to this string will be the inverse of group elements corresponding to this string. So this is guaranteed by that statement. And also the fact that this is true. So this evolution will reverse the edges. The motivation of this coding in the case of the function group case, firstly, like one of the earlier motivations for this coding is the Bowen series coding for function groups. And then, but what's actually used in this argument because there's need for the coding being invertible is a kind of modification of the Bowen series coding by Roten. I think the original purpose for Roten to develop this coding is to put a central limit theorem for the intersections of geodesics in hyperbolic surfaces. But because it's invertible, it can also be applied to this case. So I will just first reveal the motivations like the basic ideas behind the coding that's used to pull this theorem. So firstly, there's the Bowen series coding. So if we have G function group with even angle fundamental domain, then we can say fix a fundamental domain like this P and then for any group element, G. We just, so firstly because it's even angle, we see that the union of all the sides of the fundamental domain will just form some, a collection of geodesics in the hyperbolic space. So we know, we can think of them as like the walls. So it's easy to also just buy some geometry, have a bulge of geometry to see that a path from a fundamental domain to another fundamental domain is a combinatorially geodesic. In other words, it's the shortest path even only if it passes through each wall only once. So yeah, the coding can be done as follows. So if we start with a P and then want to end up in another fundamental domain, we can just look at all the geodesics that passes through the size of P and then if there's only a single geodesic passing up between the block P and GP, then we just move this block, say if there's only a single geodesic between P and our goal, then we just move this block in this direction crossing this geodesic. So if there are multiple geodesics, we can just, we need to make a choice. So if in this case, we just apply the group element corresponding to sending this fundamental domain to this adjacent fundamental domain, while in the case where there may be multiple, we will need to make a choice. So in this case, we have to make a choice. So because of this process of making a choice, this coding is not exactly one-to-one. So it's one-to-one for most of the strings, but there will be, but firstly, it's a suggestion, but in a small set of group elements, it will not be one-to-one. And also, because of these choices, obviously not preserved if we reverse the direction of the words. In other words, if we have a combinatorial geodesics obtained using this procedure, the inverse of the combinatorial geodesic will almost impose, I think it's almost never possible to still keep the same choice. So this is definitely not invertible coding. But an observation by Rontan is that if we extend this construction a little bit, and not just consider the geodesic that respect the choice we made when we need to go through this kind of procedure, but consider just all the combinatorial geodesics. So if instead of considering one combinatorial geodesic, consider all the geodesics from a fundamental domain to its image on the G, then this construction is definitely going to be reversible because if something is a geodesic, then obviously of it will still be a geodesic. So like if we have this geodesic and this, then we just take the union of all the possible geodesics. And a very detailed analysis in the paper by Puffin-Touff-Klemenko and Siris will show that if we consider the union of all these geodesics, then actually they have, at them is a rather simple combinatorial structure. So this is what they call the Fickon paths. Some further analysis, those that, this set must be of the following structure. So we start and end at a fundamental domain and we are, we sometimes may just move from one fundamental domain to another. Sometimes it may branch out and then maybe stay branch out for a while and it may, this kind of phenomenon may happen. So in other words, if we consider the levels of vertices or if we consider all the fundamental domains in this set and divide them according to the distance to the starting point and the ending point into different levels, then between every two levels, there are only four possibilities. We divide the fundamental domains into levels according to the distance, start and ending point. What happens between two levels can only be one of these cases. Either both levels consist of a single fundamental domain or one level may have two and the next we have one or one have one, the next have two or both of them have two and then there's nothing or we can have this or this. So in terms of pictures, this is like if we have just going there, something like going here and for this one, something like this. So this should be for this one. So yeah, there's pictures for each of them and this is not sufficient and also because we want the coding to be mark of the other words, we want to make a guarantee that what happens in the next step only depends on what happens in the previous step. So in order to make that be true, they also analyze what happens to the boundary of these vacant paths. There is also explicitly geometric conditions. The boundary of vacant paths, which guarantees that like to check a sequence of geodesics connected this way is a vacant path. We only need to check whether or not when we connect to adjacent levels, the resulting thing is satisfied this geometric condition. We only need to adjacent levels. So this is their construction. So the motivation, yeah, so what we are trying to do for the generalization of this construction is that we are thinking about whether or not it's possible to generalize this to the setting of small cancellation groups. So there are many, of course, there are many small cancellation conditions. So the first small cancellation condition that we are considering is the C4T4P condition. One motivation for choosing C4T4P is because if we are in the case of even angle fundamental domain and we have at least four sites for each, so at least five sites for each fundamental domain, then it will satisfy C4T4P. So the meaning of this is that in the presentation complex, like universal cover of presentation complex, group G, any tool cell has at least four sites any two cells intersect at most one site. And in any disk diagram about which we just mean, yeah, this is the standard definition. So this diagram is just a cellular map, two-dimensional disk to the complex. In any disk diagram, any interior vertex has at least four edges connected to that. So yeah, so this four is this four and the four sides, this four is this four and P means any two cells intersect at most one edge. So in particular, if the function group itself satisfy the even angle condition together with the condition that it has at most, it has at least five sites for each fundamental domain and it satisfies the C4T4P condition. Actually at least four sites would be enough. So in other words, four sites in fundamental domain and also even angle. The way to build a presentation complex is that we can just consider the dual complex of the cell decomposition of H2 into the fundamental domains. And also if it's clientian group, then we just want it has a polygonal fundamental domain with each vertex having at least four edges and all dihedral angle less than or equal to pi over two. They also satisfy this condition. And yeah, the motivation. So in this setting, the idea is we are just mostly following the argument by Gersten and Schott. So they have two papers on the automatic property on small cancellation groups being automatic. So the construction we are doing is mostly follow their idea. So the idea is that for this C4T4P complex, we can just consider any two cell. So this is a two cell with five sites. We can decompose it by adding vertices in the middle, the two cell as well as adding vertices in the middle. And to the midpoint of edges. And we can see that this is, the result will be what we call non-positively curved Q-conplex. Then we get non-positively curved Q-conplex. And there's many tools to dealing with non-positively curved Q-conplexes. So the specific coding that we used, which is also inspired by the automatic structure constructed in Gersten Schott's paper is that we are considering the union of admissible geodesics. But of course, I don't think this is the only possible way to do coding in this case because there are many other tools in non-positively curved Q-conplex theory. So this is one possibility. So the idea is that we assign geometry to each Q and it into Euclidean Q. In other words, all the angles will just be right angle. Then a geodesic. Then a path is called admissible. If every, yeah, this is something that I don't remember. Every positive term must be followed by a negative term. So here the positive and negative is from the perspective of a disk diagram. So suppose we have a disk diagram. In other words, we have an embedded disk into the Q-conplex and then we have, so that the path lies on the sides of the disk diagram. Then this will be positive. So say this is the path, then this will just be the angle. So if the angle is less than pi, then it's positively turned. If it is greater than pi, then it's negatively turned. So if the angle is less than pi, then this is positively turned and greater than pi, then it's negatively turned. And this construction will give us a coding, but this is not an invertible coding. So we have to add some additional constructions. In other words, we have to also allow paths going in the other direction. But if we allow paths going in both directions, potentially the two paths can be really far from each other. So actually we do still need to, at the moment we do still need to assume that this is hyperbolic. Well, if it is further hyperbolic, then the paths in the positive and negative direction are going to stay not very far from each other. Then we can just do everything. Not exactly everything actually. So yeah, after building this invertible coding, we still need some further properties in order to make the argument for spherical average work. So the starting point will be firstly, we need to show that the coding, the graph is strongly connected and also a periodic. So in this case, if we just consider the original graph, it's not yet a periodic, but if we consider like the sub graph, then it will become a periodic. In other words, we consider some vertices and then allow, so yeah, in other words, basically we just consider the second power of the incidence matrix of the graph, then it will be a periodic. And also a strong connectivity argument is similar to the argument in the earlier paper. And next, we need an additional condition. Oh yeah, I think I don't have enough time to write down the additional condition, but the rough idea is that if we have a path of length two n, we want to break up this path into something that's of length n in the positive direction and something of roughly of length n in the negative direction and then they share a starting point, like a starting edge. So for this one, we are still not completely able to do this. So I think this is the main missing step for this argument to work. So yeah, since it's only three minutes, two minutes, I don't think I can continue with the next section, so maybe that's all.


The current behavior we're seeing from the Thargoids may be signifying one of the largest changes and shifts in the balance of power that the galaxy of Elite Dangerous has ever seen. In this video I'll bring you up to speed on what's happened and what it could all mean. If you find this stuff useful we'd love it if you clicked like and subscribe and remember to select all notifications to see all our future Elite Dangerous content and to directly support this channel You can also join our Patreon. Everything you'll need is linked below. Before we get into it, as things are moving pretty fast at the moment, here's a quick summary of the situation as things stand. At the end of August, just two weeks ago as I speak these words, Commanders began tracking a highly luminescent spiral shaped anomaly in deep space, roughly in the vicinity of Barnard's Loop. The anomaly later became known as the Unknown Interstellar Anomaly or UIA, also referred to more colloquially as the Stargoid. Ahead of the Stargoids approach, there are increased incidents of hyperdictions. This in fact is how the Stargoid was first brought to the attention of the wider community as hyperdictions began occurring where there normally wouldn't be any. In the wake of the Stargoid there are signal sources around multiple destroyed vessels that contain survey caches. The caches themselves appear to have no value or use as at the time of recording. As we were rendering our regular Friday news broadcast last week, we began to receive reports that more anomalies may have been detected heading toward the bubble. As the flurry of incoming reports began to resolve, it was clarified that just one further Stargoid had at that time at least been detected and was being tracked by Commanders. Around this time it was also noted that in the vicinity of the Stargoids, there are also anomalous signal sources in supercruise called rogue signals. When you approach the signals, they have an appearance of a green gas cloud similar to those seen around ships and installations that have been attacked by the Stargoids. However, when the signal is dropped into it is empty. As the community was still reeling from the revelation that two of the mysterious UIAs were headed toward the bubble, a third candidate signal was detected and later confirmed to be indeed from another incoming Stargoid. At the time of recording there are now three of the mysterious interstellar anomalies headed into human occupied space. Canon Research has an anomaly tracking page with a viewable 3D map that shows the current position of the three anomalies and any high-prediction events around them, you'll find that linked below. As Monday rolled around, a further surprise arrived. Three systems in the bubble were very suddenly invaded by Stargoid vessels with AX conflict zones in the affected systems springing up. In a further surprise, three community goals to support the repulsion of the invasions also sprung up. Just to underline those events, that's a move made by the Stargoids and three new community goals going active on a Monday, something that would normally only happen with the Thargsday Thursday server tick. It's not completely unheard of, but it's certainly very unusual. In a further twist on what had been a familiar format, none of the Starports in the systems have been attacked and set ablaze, which is something we would normally expect to see with a regular Thargoid assault. The accompanying Galnet news item that appeared heralding the invasions spoke of them being, quote, an apparently coordinated attack, unquote, an unusual turn of phrase, particularly when talking about all things Thargoid. As if to further underscore the unusual nature of such a coordinated attack, the official Elite Dangerous Twitter account tweeted about the attacks and again used the word coordinated. And Frontier's principal community manager Arthur Tolmey then retweeted the post, but, and this is key, he retweeted it with nothing else except the word coordinated, along with one of his signature Emperor Palpatine gifts that he's become well known for on Twitter. The fact that the attacks are being branded as coordinated is extremely important for a number of reasons. It goes without saying that the Proteus event that signalled the start of the aftermath period of the ongoing narrative was a benchmark moment, but one of the more significant events around the Proteus incident was the change in behaviour that we saw in the Thargoids that are still present in the system. Following the culmination of events in HIP 22460, the Thargoids in and around that system are now immediately aggressive when encountered. This is typically not something we've seen in Thargoid behaviour before and perhaps more importantly, they are now choosing to hold on to the system, Frontier themselves even saying that the system had fallen to the Thargoids. It seems unlikely to me that what we're seeing from the Thargoids currently is simply anger at our actions followed by resultant retribution. We've made them angry before, but they never reacted as they are currently, so is there perhaps something more going on here? Whilst the obvious answer would be to ask the Thargoids themselves what's happening, it seems unlikely that we'd ever be able to elicit a response from them. The Guardians of far more enlightened and advanced civilisation tried communication with our insectoid interstellar neighbours millennia ago and even they were unable to garner the merest hint of a peep from them. The in-game codex has much to say on the subject of Thargoid communication. It goes as far as postulating that what we describe as a Thargoid currently is perhaps something more akin to a drone bee dispatched from a hive, taking something similar to telepathic instruction from a far more intelligent but remote Queen Thargoid. Even were we able to communicate face to face with a Thargoid it strikes me personally as unlikely that we'd find anything close to a common understanding or even a desire to communicate within them. Attempting communication with a Thargoid Queen would seem a fool's errand. You could no more commune with a Thargoid Queen than you could communicate the finer points of quantum theory to an angry wasp. Given the circumstances that gave rise to their appearance and the changes in behaviour however I do wonder if what we're seeing emerging from HIP 22460 and indeed approaching us from Barnard's Loop is no ordinary Thargoid. Caleb Witchley, Salvation, explored many avenues when investigating Thargoid physiology and technology. One such avenue was the merging of humans with Thargoid ships. The tests did demonstrate some successes and of the human test subjects that survived the traumatic procedures necessary for the merging one in particular a female known only as subject D2 is of particular interest. We know that D2 was smuggled out of the test facility where she was being held and had sworn to get her revenge on Caleb Witchley for his experiments on her. If Thargoid vessels are indeed mindless drones receiving instructions from afar does it not follow that we're a sentient being instead successfully plugged into that same mechanism they themselves may be capable of communication with the Queen issuing instructions. If not communicating with a Queen Thargoid themselves could they perhaps at least command a Queen drones assets and bend them to their own will. It was pointed out in a recent Galnet article that all the while the Thargoids were gathering in HIP 22460 in response to the Guardian technology that was being gathered there they did not once attack the Proteus site itself. The very central focus of that gathering of Guardian material was left alone. The article further speculating that the Thargoids or dare I say whomever was controlling them may have wanted the weapon to fire. If salvation was indeed killed in HIP 22460 that would give D2 her revenge. If D2 is plugged into some kind of Thargoid shared consciousness still then she could very well be the one pulling the strings behind the scenes staking a claim in HIP 22460 and commanding whatever the Thargoids are to come to her call perhaps. There has been a doomsday cult of Thargoid worshippers active in human space for some time known as the Thargod cult. They believe the Thargoid vessels are heraldic angels of a deity they call the Thargod who will one day visit and destroy all life. Recently a breakaway sect of the Thargod cultists has emerged calling themselves the true chapter sect they are led by an unidentified female figure known only as the first apostle who they hail as a holy messenger of the Thargod. And based aboard the testament megaship the true chapter sect is currently searching for a home system to call its own to accommodate a new wave of converts to their beliefs. In case you are lost in all this tin foiling allow me to just underscore succinctly where I believe all this may be headed. Subject D2 is the first apostle she is either communing directly with the Thargoid upper echelons or is herself controlling Thargoid assets that we know to be mindless drones to serve her own agenda. The incoming Thargoids have either been summoned by D2 or are under her direct control. They will arrive in the currently Thargoid invested systems in the bubble and when they do they will initiate a Proteus field disabling any of the current anti-Thargoid weaponry being used in those systems. We will see this process repeated until a new Thargoid territorial power is established in human space with the first apostle as its head. At that point those players that have for so very long expressed the desire to communicate or side with the Thargoids will have a banner under which they can gather and a power that they can support allowing indirect meaningful communication with the Thargoids as a faction. The in-game codex speculates that Thargoids are driven purely by the will and impulses of their queen. I would argue that this attack, the incoming Thargoids and the recent change in Thargoid behaviour is being coordinated by a queen but this queen is no Thargoid. But what do you think?  Let us know in the comments below. That's it for now. Thanks very much for watching. If you enjoyed this video consider subscribing to the channel and maybe take a look at one of our other videos linked on screen right now.


Welcome to the Voice of America's Newswords. In Karachi, Pakistan, workers clean the streets to find gold. Hazardous. The workers say small pieces of gold fall from the hands and clothes of jewelers onto the streets. The gold that is mixed with the street dirt is removed. The heat and chemicals used in the process are hazardous. But workers say the pay is worth it. Hazardous describes something that involves risk or danger, especially to one's health or safety. Things that are hazardous must be dealt with carefully. Go to our website for more newswords. LearningEnglish.voanews.com Transcribed by ESO, translated by —


From Miami Beach, Florida, it's theCUBE, covering Acronis Global Cyber Summit 2019, brought to you by Acronis. Hello everyone, welcome back to theCUBE's coverage here in Miami Beach, Florida, at the Fontainebleau Hotel for the Acronis Global Cyber Summit 2019, where cyber protection is becoming an emerging trend. And we see these once in a while when you have these big waves, you know, some unique trends, observability in cloud computing, automation in cloud computing, came out of nowhere from these white spaces. Now you're seeing the confluence of data protection and cyber security coming together with the platform. That's what they're talking about here. And my next guest to break it all down is an analyst from Forrester Research, Navin Chabra. Thanks for joining us today. Thank you for having me here. So Miami Beach is not a bad venue, is it? Oh yeah, absolutely. It's gonna dip in the ocean there, it's warm. I got to ask you, let's break down this market. Acronis is on here earlier, they got a story to tell. And their story is not something that's obvious. It's kind of a new category, I guess, emerging. Not really a traditional category from a research standpoint, but cyber protection by combining traditional thinking about data protection and cyber security software, bringing them together into one thinking holistic data model that's a platform that can enable services. I mean, this is a classic platform. This is what these guys have. What's your take on the industry? Is the industry ready for this? Is this a real trend? The industry certainly needs the technology and it'll give you some examples as to why. So if you think upon the ransomware attacks that have happened in the past, the ransomware attacks would cripple any organization, right? And the best defense that an organization has to recover from backups. Now what that means is, okay, I can certainly recover from a backup which was taken last hour, last yesterday, or a few days back, few weeks back. But the most important question is, how do I find out that the last copy, or the last snapshot, is a clean, uninfected copy? Because that's important, right?  So the million dollar question there is, how do I get back to the copy which is clean and uninfected, right? And you cannot do that traditionally, the way organizations have been structured. You have infrastructure and operations, guys. Those who are responsible for operations, keeping copies in the place wherever required. And then you have the second group which is security and risk, right? Which is responsible for identifying all things security. But ransomware is one thing in the industry which is pulling these two teams together. But the organizations are not ready yet. In one of the survey that I did, I asked the respondent, I said, do you have these two teams working together to solve this problem? And the answer was abysmally low. No, they don't work with each other. You point a great point. I think one of the things you highlight there I think is really critical is, backup and recovery was because of some operational disruption, outage, blood. So roll back. The disruption wasn't a hack. So to that point, all those mechanisms around generations of backup and recovery didn't actually take into account security. Exactly. Meaning the malware or the infection. The disruption is coming from a secure breach, not some electrical outage or some sort of other disruption. And they used to call that non-disruptive operations. I remember all the storage vendors talking about that. Right. Now it's not that anymore. The disruption is coming from security. So how do you bake security in from day one? That's the million dollar question that I always hear. What's your answer to that? What's the industry doing to get security baked in? What are some of the mechanisms that you've seen successful for the large enterprise to adopt a plan that way? So specifically from a technology standpoint I see very little efforts, right? The technology vendors are doing their own efforts but my guidance to clients is to be proactive in terms of using the right storage for that matter. Let's say if you have a worm storage, right? Which cannot be encrypted, right? Written ones cannot be changed, right? Use that model, right? Which will ensure that whatever you backed up yesterday one that backup is not infected, right? Or even from your core business applications standpoint you want to schedule the data to be kept at a particular point in time to that worm storage, for example, right? I don't see much of an effort from the organizations because again, security is a domain which is handled by security. Backup has not looked at using worm as a potential storage target. We're being write once, read many for the folks at home tracking this. Right, and not that they do not know the technology. They know the technology. What's up also about thinking out of the box and applying what's available to another, to a known problem and ransomware is so bad. It's such a hard problem to solve. I've heard ear gapping has been a solution. Worm's a good one. That's the first time I heard that. That's awesome. Makes sense. Absolutely. How do you deploy at scale throughout an enterprise where you have these traditional work streams, workflows that come back down to the people problem? You've been doing a lot of work around the people equation. People process technology as everyone says is digital transmission. But the people equation is a hard nut to crack. What's your take on the people situation? It certainly is a hard nut to crack because security would not trust what infrastructure and operations guys would be doing. Right, they've been told to operate in that model. And now comes a situation, ransomware situation where they're asked to trust each other and work with each other. Boy, that's not happening easily. Yeah, they hated each other before. Now they're going to have to like each other. I mean, that's been a 20 year, 10 year, five year. You've seen it all over time. DevOps is certainly with cloud force, a lot of that. That's kind of brought people together under the DevOps infrastructure as code. But we're talking about application development is growing like crazy. CISOs want to build in-house stacks and communicate via APIs and or some data sharing with vendors. So this idea of there's a restructuring I guess going on at least from a architectural, technically and staffing. What's some of the best practices that you've seen? What is some of the customer environments out there that you can talk to to show and point out a success story? I think some of the examples that I've seen organizationally addressing this problem holistically is to start from the top. I came out with this report a couple of years back titled ransomware is a business continuity issue. So don't approach it with a technology solution. While eventually you will end up in adopting that same technology, but identifying why do you need to use that technology so that it ties up to your business requirements. So start from identifying that as a business risk, which I see very little organizations do that today. Cyber risks are not identified as vulnerable, as important to risk, as they should be. So start off from that and trickle down into the next sub steps that you must be taking going eventually to the same technology. You know, one of the things I want to get your thoughts on is that obviously the digital threats are the industrialization of automating attacks. You're seeing zero day. You're seeing all this malware out there. You've got surface areas with IOTs increasing. So the threats are coming, they're not going away. In fact, they're going to be increasing over time. Maybe you might not see it like DDoS kind of distracted away. But now the complexity is a huge issue because the costs are, and we'll kick off the complexity, is something that Chronos is talking about, and this is one of the ones I want to get your thoughts on. Complexity is one of those things, if you don't solve it, and if you look the other way, it gets more expensive to solve over time. So as complexity piles up, it's like climate change, or cleaning up the Boston Harbor, the longer you wait, the more expensive it's going to be. So that's starting to be realized in some people's minds. They call it replatforming, digital transfers, there's buzzwords for that, but I think this is a reality that people are like, I got to take care of business. I got IoT, I got complete industrial IoT and IOC, I got all this data center, moving to the cloud. I got to clean up the complexity problem. Yeah. What's the answer? How do you, what's the research tell you? Unfortunately, there's no easy answer because all the tools, technologies that the organizations are using, they're using it for a purpose, right? So silos is a challenge. Increasing silos is a challenge. So I would, I would highly recommend organizations start to think about reducing the silos, not by reducing the tools, but by potentially looking at cross leveraging by integrating, right? And one of the examples here is very pertinent around recovery from ransomware attacks, right? So going back to the point that, okay, how do you identify where is the right clean copy of the backup, right? So these two teams would have to work together. Now the teams would not work out of their own heads. They need to, they got to depend on technology, right? So that's where the requirement of the tools themselves working with each other, security tool identifying, okay, when through the forensics tracing, you know, the ransomware path, would identify when did the ransomware get in, when did the malware get in, right? Which systems did it infect, right? And then the backup tools correspondingly acting on those backup instances, right? Which have been identified as clean and uninfected. Easier said than done. But that's a path forward. And the other thing to make that more complex is that you said business continuity before, that's a people issue as well, not just technical process. Absolutely. You got, okay, the teams have to have a plan. Yes. Like what's the plan? Do they actually huddle and do dry runs? Do they have buyer drills? I mean, these are the things that most cyber groups do. They tend to have, you know, very structured approaches to either incidents, response. So as these worlds come together, what does your research tell you around the questions of working together proactively show you? Interestingly enough, I, you know, a couple of years back I did a survey asking those organizations who have been hit by a ransomware attack and have lost data. I asked them, how many of you have these two teams working together? Apparently, you know, some 30 odd percent respondents said that yes, we have these two teams working together. But upon, you know, asking finer questions, qualifying questions about yes, these two teams work together, but do they effectively and eventually get to where they should be? Like have a common plan, right? I think three, four, five percent of the respondents would say that yes, we do have a common operating, you know, understood plan between the two teams, right? But largely like, I can say almost all the organizations do not have that plan, unfortunately. Yeah, I think one of the first ransomware experts I've had on theCUBE that's done a lot of research in the area directly. So I got to ask you, on ransomware, which is all it's really bad news, and it comes from multiple actors. People looking for cash and also, you know, state-sponsored, which I believe is going on a lot. No one's reporting on it, but still that's not proofed yet, but I still get a feeling it's done. On ransomware, do you have any data or insights around if the people clean up their act and get fixed?  And hit again. Because there's cash there. Do you see that as a trend? What's the data? Is there any anecdotal insight or are people getting hit twice, three times? There are incidents. And I was speaking on a, you know, customer, on a panel, like half an hour back. And I give this example. There was a hotel chain in central Europe, which was attacked in the key management system. Like, if you and I were the guests of that journey, we would not be able to get in into our rooms. And while they paid ransom for to release that key management application, they didn't do, they didn't secure that infrastructure and applications further, which was required. And three months later, they were attacked once again. Right, so such incidents are happening. And that's where, you know, guidance from, you know, Forrester, where we have published a paper about when to consider to pay ransom. Because you would not be sure that you get the keys. You get the keys for all the data, right? You don't get any traces of malware left behind or a new malware coming in. You never know, right? Of course, yeah. While this is an untrusted word, but you've got to trust if you're paying. Yeah, well, I think I would bet that the criminals will come back for, you know, new shoes, new coat, new car. They need new things. They need cash. They're going to come back to the bank. Absolutely. And they're coming back to the easy prey. Niveen, thanks for coming on. I want to get your thoughts, though, on the industry as we wrap up the segment around the trends around cyber protection, data protection platform. You know, really we're living in a cyber data driven world and data is a key part of it. What's the most important trend or story that you think needs to be told or is being told today in terms of customers to pay attention to? What's, is it ransomware? What's in your mind the top three things that are the most important stories that must be covered or need to be covered or aren't covered? So I think it's not just my story. It's about the state of the affairs at an industry level, globally. I was referring to the World Economic Forum where all the global risks that economies face, right? It could be famine. It could be a country going bankrupt, right? It could be any other risk that the industry faces. We have seen that through that study, the World Economic Forum did. In the last 10 years, cyber risk has started to appear on the list of top four, top five risks for the last three years. In the world. Globally. Global issues. Global issues, yes. And one of our research also tells us that the number of ransomware incidents have grown 500% in the preceding last 12 months, right? And the impact, intensity, and frequency of ransomware attack is simply growing. Many organizations have actually shut down operations. Medical practice in Midwest called upon the practice and said, oh, we are closing operations. And in fact, it's in public domain. We are closing operations. You can come back to us for whatever data we currently have on you. But, I mean, I think I did it from a regulation standpoint. HIPAA decays that you have to keep control of the data and also be able to provide. But guess what? In this case, the medical practice doesn't have data. If you were there, client, if you were a patient, they don't have any data on you. Guess what? If it was there for years, you've lost years of your medical data, right? So that's happening. Global issues, ransomwares, real, and cyber attacks are happening in high frequency. Absolutely. Naveen, thanks for coming on. We need job for our senior analysts at Forrester Research here inside theCUBE. We are at the Acronis Global Cyber Summit 2019. I'm John Furrier, back with more coverage for two days here in Miami Beach after the short break. Stay with us.