Next up, giving us our afternoon keynote on the state of the container ecosystem is Google's Kelsey Hightower. Uh, okay. So this is going to be a very weird talk for me because I won't be doing any live demos. So I'm like going to fish out of water right now. And, you don't see my laptop? You got to make it work. The pressure's on. They're all looking at you. Because this is not going to be my fault. It's your fault. It doesn't work. That's how it works. What do we got? We mirrored? Arrangements. Does Red Hat like penalizing me for not using Linux? Can we just tune the projector for Linux this time? All right. How about that? Bam. All right. Here we go. I'm good. See, I fixed it. And he ducked that from someone's check over there. All right. So we're going to be talking about the state of the container ecosystem. Is there a clicker thing? No clickers? We don't need a clicker. What if my talk was titled the state of the virtual machine ecosystem? You guys look at me like I'm crazy. Like why would you even talk about virtual machines right now? Right? Because no one sees value in the individual virtual machine. The value that you derive out of virtual machine usually comes from some platform or cloud provider, OpenStack or VMware. No one thinks about a virtual machine. Yet we're talking about the container ecosystem. And that's equally as crazy. What are you going to do with just the container? So the thing I want you to think about as we talk about this stuff is, in my opinion, virtual machines are to cloud what containers are to platform. Why do we want to adopt containers? It has to be a reason. It can't just be going from one application distribution platform to another. We need a reason why we're doing these things. So containers to me are definitely not the most interesting thing to be talking about. At best it's the implementation detail. It happens to be the thing that we've chosen to agree on today for sharing applications with the various platforms that we want to run on. And this to me is the biggest source of confusion because some people are saying I'm moving out of the cloud and I'm moving to containers. I'm like, whoa, that's going to be fun. So we can't talk about an ecosystem without metrics. How many people like the metrics when analysts show them? How many people believe the metrics? You can't believe the metrics because no one knows where they came from. I surveyed my family and they all like me. It doesn't mean anything. So I want to show some metrics. And these metrics, you must trust me, are 100% accurate. All right? You have to trust me or they won't work. Here we go. Some percentage of organizations want to use containers. Anyone here want to use containers? Boom, one.  Leave it up. Don't be trying to flash it right there. Automatically true. Doesn't matter how small the percentage is. This is also true. Some percentage of organizations are using containers. Brandon, are you still in here? At least Brandon Phillips from CoroS. If you work at Red Hat, you're probably using containers. If not, boy, you're selling snake oil. Right? So this is also true. But this is the metric that is probably the most true. Some percentage of organizations are waiting to use containers after some percentage of organizations start using them first. Successful is not a requirement, actually. All you need to do is write a blog post or appear at a conference. That is enough to be trustworthy. Like on a play, we'll come back to work and say, hey, here's this blog post saying that this works. I'm not sure what you're doing. Right? And this is the state of things. Honestly, this is the state of the what people are thinking about. So when we start to have this conversation, no one is really addressing this particular thing. What is it going to take to move that percentage number of people using containers to get the other people off the sidelines? Right? This happened to virtualization. Remember people like, we'll adopt virtualization in five years. And then the cloud came and said, oh, that's different than being where we set the clock. We'll do cloud in five years once and up. Oh, there's this container thing. We'll do containers and so it's nonstop. Right? So we need to figure this out, this formula. This is the thing that's the most important thing to figure out if you really want to understand the state of things. So we are going to talk about containers because we need to understand and have the right vocabulary and terminology to talk to each other and people that are interested in the technology. We cannot keep waving our hands about what containers are. If you're in the process of developing a container strategy, stop. You don't really need one. You need to figure something out that's much broader, much bigger than just putting your app in a different tarball. How many people know that the jar file is like a zip file? Right? You blew your mind like, no, just unzip it. It's like unzip jar and things came out of it. Same thing happened with containers. You go get one from the doctor and say, oh, that's a doctor image. Man, that is like dark magic on tar. But we need to all be educated on these things. So here's the harsh reality for some people. Doctor is the de facto standard container runtime and image format for Linux and Windows for most people. And we ask ourselves, why? Why do they hold this dominance over this idea of application containers? We're not talking about all types of containers. We're talking about application containers. And number one is they nailed the developer experience. People attempt to come in and compete with Docker and where do they fail? You try their solution, you get on your laptop, it doesn't work. Done. Go back to what you were using. So if you want to understand what the de facto standard is, it's Docker because they give you all the tools to do it end to end. Is it perfect? Not really. Not all the way. They've done a lot of things well and the parts where it isn't perfect, that's where you see the opportunity. So if you want to understand the container ecosystem, find out what Docker doesn't do well. And that's where you see the new company spring up. They spring up to fill in the gaps of where people are filling pain with Docker and it's very strategic. Everyone isn't rushing out to build a new container runtime. That's pretty decent. A lot of people aren't running out to build a build system for container images. That's pretty decent. But the things you do in production around containers, so that's not a solved problem. So that's where the innovation for containers come from. So if you want to pay attention to the trends, you don't need to wait for the news outlets. Just go and use Docker and figure out where it's weak. That's where you see the next things come from. It's a very simple formula. There are other container runtimes. Most people forget this. Rocket is a really, really great container runtime and it actually came out in a way that addresses the concern that most people need when you decide to adopt a platform on top of the container runtime because you need less from the runtime. You don't desire to interact with the runtime directly anymore. So in that case, you're like, well, I just need something that can simply download and execute my application. I do not need a entire workflow for my production use case. So we have things like Rocket. How many people know what CRI-O is? You work at Red Hat? Okay. So this is a runtime implementation of a lot of the work that's going on in the open container initiative, OCI, to build a container runtime that implements the Kubernetes container interface. So in the Kubernetes world, we act like Switzerland. We're neutral ground. We say, you know what, Docker, Rocket, it doesn't matter. It's never going to end based on experience. Everyone's going to have a reason why they need the container runtime that they need. So you know what we're going to do? We're going to make most of the logic that Kubernetes needs. We're just going to bake it right in Kubernetes where it lives today. And we're going to make a well-defined contract to say, hey, if you have a container runtime, you implement this small interface however you want to do it, you'll be compatible with Kubernetes. That's it. We're done. We're not going to play favorites. There's no need to play favorites. Because in the case of CoreOS, Rocket might be the best container runtime for you to be well integrated into the OS. It may have other things that you need. No worries. Kubernetes will be there for that. And in other operating systems, we'll just have other ways of doing things that are native to that kernel that you may not be able to port a runtime to. So it just makes sense to take this into consideration. Some people are actually waiting for these container runtimes to consolidate. People actually believe that there will be one container runtime that will actually win and dominate. It never is going to happen. If you were waiting on that, if that was part of your container initiative, you should stop, but it's never going to happen because it can't. No single container runtime will be willing to do all the work necessary to deeply integrate to every kernel that's out there that provides this kind of capability. So I think it will continue to expand as new platforms or hardware devices come out. You're probably going to see things that are built to be platform specific. But this won't be a problem because you should be designed to higher level APIs. These low-level details, that's not what you should build your whole company on top of. You need to go a little higher. But we are going to come out with some things that will give good reference and starting points, like the image spec, even though the runtimes may be diverse, but we can all move around these root file systems with our applications deeply packed. That makes total sense. There's no reason to try to come out and redefine your own image format. So we have the image spec. And the image spec is taken from Docker v2. It's popular. It works. It's pretty well-defined. There's multiple implementations of being able to pull it and run them. So we start there. And the container runtime spec will attempt to write down the things that we're already doing in the way that they can be implemented by other people. So we're making good progress. And we're starting to share the knowledge and understand this. So if you want more details, check out the work that's going there. And I think both of those specs are reaching 1.0 fairly quickly here. And I think you're going to see this kind of be the standard that most people that want to participate in these communities will adopt. But containers only get us to the point where we start to realize that it's about the application. The containers that we're talking about today and this week, we're talking about application containers. There are system containers where you mimic a whole OS. You do the whole boot process. And the goal there is to give you this lightweight virtual machine. We're talking about application containers. So application containers are just hopefully that we'll get rid of this deployment process, how we package, how we get it on the box, like moving bits on this. That is so solved problem. I can't believe we're still spending this much time trying to figure out how to get an app on a server.  This to me is really sad that in tech we spend this much time trying to reinvent the wheel at every organization because we believe that we're so special. Not really. I think mobile did a great job. Imagine if we try to port all of our tools to mobile. Imagine using like Puppet or Chef or Ansible on your mobile phone to install an app. Battery life, just whoop. It makes sense. So these are some of the real things you need to actually worry about. Once you actually get successful containers, this is the next set of questions. Hey, it turns out everyone can log into the app. That is a bad idea. No logging, performance, API compatibility. This is the biggest one. People are just like, man, we got this continuous pipeline. We just roll changes. And all the other teams are like, I hate that team. They don't even understand API compatibility. It breaks every 10 minutes. That stuff is important and containers don't address this. Hopefully they allow you to focus on it. These are the other things like data locality. So some of these platforms allow us to figure out how to get our data or application closer to the data. And people are like, oh, why would you want to do that? Everyone believes that you own all the data. Some people do not produce the data that they need to compute on. So you have no choice but to move the compute to where the data is. That's the new world. And in that world, you're going to need a system that knows how to do that, or you're going to be manually doing that. So containers allow us to focus on some of these harder problems. And for some unique people in the room, you actually have customers that generate revenue. What's the point of shipping your app in a container if you have no customers? You should stop that immediately. You should abandon ship on all initiatives until you find a customer, even if it's an employee that works there. Give them a credit card and buy their product until you can do that. These are your real problems that you have to deal with. Everything else is almost an implementation detail. So we need a platform to help us manage those things. So in the container ecosystem, we stop talking about containers so much. I've actually, in the last year, don't really think about containers. I look at them as a necessary evil in order to use the platform of my choice. I'm no longer excited about the container. I look at the container. Damn, I've got to put this in the container? Like I'm ready to go, but now I've got to put in this container. I've got this intermediate step. So we're seeing these platforms attempt to address the application problems that we have. So we're going to talk about the state of application management solutions. So one thing we need to be clear on, containers do have value, right? We stopped talking about Python versus Ruby versus Jar for our versus war ear. Man, the enterprise got screwed over on that one, right? Jar, war and ear files. Which one do you use and why? I don't know. So containers now become this common unit of compute that we can move across these three primary things. And I want to make sure we understand the difference between these three things. And I think this is the source of confusion where we are now. We're seeing these application management platforms come out and we're not sure what we're being offered. So I have these three categories, and these are just all my opinions if you haven't noticed, by the way. Frameworks, container as a service. How many people have heard of CAS? People just like saying these things. Anything with AS on it, it's CAS. And then platform as a service.  It's a very dirty word. PAS has failed in one big regard. They had too many opinions. And when they ship those opinions, there was no way to back out of them. It was all or nothing. Either you're all in or you're out. And most of them didn't provide any APIs for you to build anything on the side and still have some first class access to the rest of the PAS and all the features it provided. So we're going to have a redo. So application management frameworks. These are application management frameworks. Kubernetes, which is being steward and governed by the CNCF. So it started out as a Google project, but it's now a much bigger project, much involvement, especially by companies like Red Hat, CoreOS, and a slew of others. We have Mesos, which is one of the more maybe mature and been out there for a while application management frameworks. People build other things on top, the whole two-part scheduler deal. Then we have Nomad from Hashicorp, kind of a new up and comer. And Swarmkit from Docker. Swarmkit is probably the newest of the field. It's this idea that we want to provide things that have APIs that really focus on the application. So you start to see these things shipped with things like in the case of Swarm, they have this app bundle, right? They're talking about app bundles and not container bundles because now you're starting to address the application itself. And the same is true for the rest of those things. Application frameworks tend to get mature and then they're offered as a service. So this is where you package up these open source projects and you add enough glue code to make them work well in a specific environment, right? So when you go to Google's cloud, if you want to use Kubernetes, you will use GKE. In Amazon, they will package up maybe Docker and other container technologies and have something like ECS. And the goal here with these container services is that they do all the heavy lifting to make sure that they work well in your target environment. I think with other tools like OpenShift, they'll bring that to your own data centers, right? So we're starting to see these not just be regulated to something hosted by some provider, but they'll also be available for you to install on your own. But remember, I think the CAS is different from a framework because the CAS is usually tightly integrated into the platform where you're actually targeting your application. That's the big difference between the frameworks and the CAS. So a lot of people are confused because they go and download the framework and find out they have a lot of work to do to integrate it well into their own environments, and they're looking for something like this. And the last phase is this application management platform, the platform as a service. So this is where all of the opinions come in, right? In the Heroku world, you're going to build a 12-factor application, which means you're not going to be able to store any data from your app. You're going to take your configuration through environment variables. These are our opinions, and if you're willing to abide by our opinions, then you get to run in Heroku, and you get to inherit all the things that come with that. Then in Cloud Foundry, how many people here are making that digital transformation, right? That's the mantra that they have because in order to adopt Cloud Foundry, you need to re-architect your app in a way that will work based on the opinions from Cloud Foundry. And it's not that they're bad opinions, but they are opinions and they're strong, meaning if you don't conform, you're going to have a bad time. If you do, life gets really fantastic. There are a lot of successful larger companies. Snapchat is one of them that use App Engine, and so you know what, those opinions work for us, and we're just going to only focus on our business, not deal with infrastructure. But then you get this new hybrid thing, OpenShift, right? OpenShift v3 says, hey, people want this hybrid model of, we still want the strong opinions. I have some developers and some people in the staff. They just want to shift the application. Get build, get check-in, get push. My application is built, who cares about this container thing? It's up and running and we'll take the opinions, and usually the opinions are based on best practices. People aren't just making these opinions up. Usually this is like from time we say, this is probably the best way of doing it based on what we know, and that's what you get. But this hybrid model is like, what if you want to do something that it doesn't support? Well, the container framework is still underneath there. You still can actually go behind it and create your objects natively in the framework that is built on top of. And I think this pattern will hold because this gives the vendor a lot of leeway in figuring out what the actual best patterns are that should make its way into the default opinion set, but still allowing customers to break out and do things that they don't necessarily have offered in the platform of itself. But platforms are not the end game. How many people believe that the platform is not an end game? It's okay to disagree with me. You guys can't get us to set it up wrong. You're like, no, I can't disagree with them. It's going to call me out because I know that next slide is going to kill me. Maybe. But honestly, this world attempts to, you know, with some application changes, you can adopt these platforms, but we do so much work to support the lift and shift. How many people have heard of the lift and shift? How many people are actually doing that right now? It doesn't work out well at all. You can get everybody's like, oh, it's working, and then sec fault.  It doesn't work. So you've got to do something else. I think the app has to actually get intelligent. No one wants to hear this. You are going to have to write some new code to take full advantage of these platforms. That's the reality. And I think we're getting closer to that. So the new state of things is now it's back on you, the application developer. You're going to have to do something. So this is what's now the trajectory that we're seeing, whether it's serverless or whatever you want to call it. But a lot of times is what's happening either we're reducing the interface that you have to implement or your application will need to be smarter. And here's a set of libraries that help your application be a bit smarter. So if you haven't heard of these libraries like Spring Boot or Spring Boot route, this should be Spring Boot, LinkerD, GRPC, and GoKit, all of these attempt to bring things like service discovery, client-side load balancing, metrics, monitoring, all those things closer to your app. So your app can actually leverage the benefits that you get from some of these platforms that you're running now. So to solve it all up, containers only solve a small part of the problem while creating new ones. It's not a free lunch here. And at the end of the day, when you start to think about the container ecosystem, you have to focus on the application. And I think that will give you the tell signs that you need. Thank you. Great. You all believe what I'm saying except for this guy. I'll start here. Yeah. So all right. If you didn't see your favorite runtime on the slide, so the question was LXD, I didn't see it on the slide. If you didn't see your favorite runtime or project on the slide, I only had four lines, right? And they were sorting in alphabetical order and there were no logos there. I have gotten an email before. It's like, hey, my logo was smaller than the other logo. But there's nothing wrong with LXD. I think all of those things are to me, though, they're going to be implementation details because most people at the very high levels when you're using these application management platform, you can care less of it as LXD, LXC, Docker, or Rocket, because this is the level that you want to operate at. If you find yourself weighed down here, then you're either A, building your own platform, which most people are in the habit of doing, but they don't know that they're doing it. So as long as you're aware that you're building your own platform and if you're successful and if you're lucky, you'll end up with something that looks like open ship in a few years, all right? No, it's serious. It's like either you're buying one or you're building one. There's nothing wrong with that. You just need to know what you're doing here. All right, so the question was, one benefit of the PAS was the developer workflow. And I think what we're really saying there is that the PAS had an opinion on how that work show should be.  We're not going to have meetings. We're not going to talk about this. It's not going to be an initiative. Get push. And a lot of times, the reason why you're successful is because of the options. Any time you take away the options and introduce constraints, people have to make a decision. Most people are just paralyzed because they can't make a decision. There's too many options. Do I do Chef? Do I do Puppet? Should I write some Bash? Should I use this thing? So I think the PAS is give people an opinion. And then when you accept the opinion, you get all these benefits in return. Lower down the level, I think, in the case of Kubernetes as an application framework, we do introduce more opinions about how to get people vested. SSH into a machine, almost zero opinions about how to do things. In Kubernetes, we say, it has to be in a container. So the developer workflow at that point is really influenced by that one opinion about Kubernetes. You need to figure out how to get your application into a container, into a registry that can be pulled. So then that starts to shape the workflow. Maybe it's Docker for mackling your local machine. But ideally, we should probably even move away from that in some cases. Like CICD is here for a reason. So let's push those things into those. And let that be abstracted away from you. So whether you're using a PAS or application framework, the developer experience should be the same. Write some code, run some tests, and check it in. This whole laptop equals production business that needs to stop. Like, that's... Vagrant, like, cost us five years. As much as I love Vagrant. But most people lost their minds.  It's like, no, you cannot. You have one gig of data on your laptop. There's 20 petabytes in production. You've got to index every column. It doesn't work that way. Okay? So I think that workflow needs to be unified. But yes, you're right. PAS is bringing a very well-defined set of opinions around how you should get application code running in the platform. Any other questions? So you've been talking about these opinions that basically, if you write your own software, you want to implement these... use some of these opinions. What about for IT and operations groups that are primarily running vendor software? So I can't go and tell Atlassian to make Jira follow these opinions. I just have to sort of take what I'm given. What I'm curious is where you see the breakdown in terms of how much of that is on the vendors to fit into these new platforms versus to what extent the weight is on those platforms to work with the way that the software is already packaged. How backwards compatible to the old world should those platforms be? Right. So the question is that a lot of times in IT, it's not about the apps that we write. We have more control over those. It's about the software like Jira, God forbid Oracle. You're bringing these things in and you have to do what the vendor tells you. Okay? And we have opinions about those vendors. They're not very favorable right now, especially given the fact that new software that comes out, you're almost entering into a partnership with the vendor versus them telling this is all we're going to do, just deal with it. Now there's just so many choices in these areas that I think from the perspective now is that that's changing. When you talk about older software, I think with older software, if I can keep making the same money from you with no changes, why would I change it? Right? So you do have some. Stop paying the money.  Like seriously, people come in and say, no, we can build stuff around the app. It will make it work and all these things. You know? I think most people can put some band-aids on it, but you need to figure out how long is it worth. And sometimes, you know what's okay? Just run it over here on the legacy hardware. I don't understand why everyone sees something new and wants to push everything into it. There's just no reason for that. Honestly, in practicality, you should just run the things where it makes sense. So if you have some legacy software and you've figured out how to get it running in those environments, leave it there. Ignore the noise over here and just do what's right for that particular application. When are you writing your next book? When does the book come out? Ah. So my book has been labeled as the Duke Nukem of books. And a couple of things, and it's probably good news, oh, I can't share. So I have some new co-authors. When you see their names, you're gonna be really happy who they are. Okay? So the book is about 60% complete, but my co-authors will bring, I think, some originating opinions about Kubernetes. That's the only hints I will give you. Okay? So the goal is the book right now has a lot of detail on exactly how to do things in Kubernetes, but what I'm thinking is missing from the book is the why. All right? What at Google led people to believe that the complexity of using distributed systems to do things like manage applications was worth it. In order to tell that story, I needed more voices that had that experience because I have a lot of practical experience with Kubernetes and the outside world, but we need that voice to fill out the book and that's what's going to happen. And once I get legal permission from all of those entities, you will know. All right? Thank you all so much.


Many Charismatics in particular many modern-day false prophets and false teachers will claim that John 14 12 Gives us the power and the authority to do and to say what Jesus did I disagree we are called to do the work that he did and to do so in greater volume But why is it though that they say that we can do exactly what Jesus did? However, the one thing they don't want us to do that Jesus did was to call out heresy If that's the case, shouldn't we be able to do exactly what Jesus did and what we're commanded to do Which is to beware of wolves to beware of false prophets to call them out to let people know of danger Why do they deny that one thing that Jesus specifically said to do and the apostles also reiterated? Why don't they want to call out heresy like the Bible tells us?


The things is going to be left to you as an exercise. A couple of standard results that we're going to need. I don't know why this is a theorem in the notes. It's really just a lemma, but it says the following thing. It says that if B is a BMO function, does everybody know what BMO is? It's in the notes, OK? By the way, the notes, some people you have to download the app to get the notes, OK? This is a broken record by now. So B is in BMO, and theta t is going to be defined to be, as usual, psi t of xy, f of y dy. And we're going to assume that theta t of 1 is 0, which means, again, of course, that this integrated, just integrating the kernel in the y variable is always 0 for all x and t. And I should have said psi t satisfies the little with Paley bounds, OK? Consequently, in particular from the previous theorem, theorem 2.10, we know that the square function associated to this guy is bounded in l2, OK? And then the conclusion is that the measure on the upper half space, d mu of x t, defined to be theta t B of x squared dx dt over t is what's called a Carlson measure, OK? And for short, from now on, I'll just abbreviate those as Cm. Cm always means Carlson measure, OK? And what does that mean? That means that the soup overall q, you could use balls just as well, of the expression 1 over Lebesgue measure of q. This is q contained in Rn. Of the mu measure of Rq, I'll tell you what Rq is in a second, is finite, OK? Let's give this expression a name. Let's call this the Carlson norm of mu, OK? And here, Rq is just the Carlson box associated to q, OK? Meaning we're in the upper half space. Here's a cube q on the boundary. We extend it up into the upper half space to make an n plus 1 dimensional cube, OK? So this is Rq, OK? So in some sense, it's an n plus 1 dimensional measure that scales like an n dimensional measure, OK? All right? So in other words, for this particular measure, from you, this is saying in this particular case that the soup overall cubes q, one other measure of q, integral 0 the length of q, integral on q, theta tb of x squared dx dt over t, is going to be less than or equal to some constant depends on dimension and the little wood payly bounds for psi t times, of course, by the scaling here, it has to depend on this, the BMO norm squared. Start a note to the BMO norm, OK? So the proof of this is an exercise, OK? And now there's one other thing that I'm going to mention without proof and just give you a reference. Theorem, how am I calling it? 225 in the notes. This is one of the fundamental facts about Carlson measures. This is the so-called Carlson embedding theorem, or embedding lemma, I should say. Again, I don't know why I call it a theorem. It should be a lemma, but OK? And it says the following thing. Let mu be a Carlson measure. And let's say f, a continuous function in the upper half space, OK? That could be relaxed a little bit, but this is good enough for us, OK? That's the continuous function in the upper half space. Then the following is true. That for all p between 0 and infinity, the integral in the half space of f of xt to the p power integrated against this Carlson measure is controlled by a purely dimensional constant times the Carlson norm of mu times the Lp. Well, let me say it this way. The integral of the non-tengential maximal function of f to the p power. And let me remind you that the non-tengential maximal function, the non-tengential max at a point x is the soup over yt in the cone with vertex at x, OK? And I'm going to leave out the proof of this. You can find a proof, well, in many places. But for example, see the book of Stein entitled Harmonic Analysis, what is it? Chapter 2, section 2, OK? The proof uses, well, it's an exercise in the use of the Whitney decomposition level, OK, which breaks. Yes? Is this Carlson embedding if and only if? Are you asking if the conclusion here requires that mu be a Carlson measure? Yeah, I guess it does. Yeah, I think so. Never thought about that, really, but probably it does. I only have ever needed it this way. OK. All right, so now we're going to move into what's sort of the heart of the matter, well, starting to be the heart of the matter, not quite yet, but getting there. What we're going to talk about here are so-called T of 1 theorems, OK? So what does this mean? So what's the idea here? Well, let's back up for a minute. Remember what I said the course was ultimately about is L2-bounderness criteria for singular integral operators and square functions, OK? And as we said, in the convolution case, this is just a matter of using the Fourier transform and Planche-Roll's theorem, OK? All right. What about the nonconvolution case, which is what we're really interested in here, OK? In the nonconvolution case, the big idea is I've run out of room. The big idea will have to go over here. The big idea is that one seeks criteria that reduce the question of L2-bounderness to the question of behavior on some selected set of testing functions, very specific testing functions, OK? So in the T of 1 theorem, well, you can probably already guess where we're going with this. The testing function is just the constant function 1, OK? So somehow, the entire question of L2-bounderness of either singular integrals or square functions is going to be boiled down to what the operator does to the constant function 1. Now, we've already seen a very special case of that for square functions, theorem 2.10. If theta T of 1 was 0, then we were done. Then we got the square function bound, right? That was just out of the quasi-orthogonality argument that we were discussing a moment ago, OK? All right. But of course, one might expect that kind of complete cancellation where theta T of 1 is 0, or maybe your singular integral operator kills constants. Maybe that's stronger than what you really need to get L2-bounderness, and in fact, it is, all right? So we'll talk about this as we go on today's lecture and, well, probably extending into the next one as well. But let me just make a historical comment. The first theorem of this type, which ultimately we will prove, is due to David and Journée. And it was with respect to Sigmund Rennigals, color-on-sigmund operators, OK? The proof that we're going to present, though, is not their original proof. The proof that we're going to present is an alternative proof of Kristin Journée, which goes by a related T of 1 theorem for square functions, OK, which I'll go ahead and state now. This is theorem 3.1, T of 1 theorem for square functions, and this is due to Kristin Journée, all right? And they proved it on the way to giving an alternative proof of this David-Journée T of 1 theorem for Sigmund Rennigals. This is one of the themes of this mini course is that a lot of times to control a square function, sorry, a lot of times to control a color-on-sigmund operator, a singular integral, the best approach is to control some related square function, OK? That's not an entirely new point of view that people have known there for a while, OK? All right, but it's worth emphasizing, OK? So this T of 1 theorem says the following thing. So let's let, as usual, theta T be given by integration against, I've really run myself out of room here. Let me do it like this. The usual deal, where psi T is going to be a little with Paley family, right? Satisfies the little with Paley sizes with these conditions, OK? Suppose also that the measure d mu of x T defined to be theta T of 1 of x squared dx dt is a Carlson measure, OK? So we've already said what that is, what that means. OK, and then the conclusion is that the square function associated with theta T is bounded, OK? So then we get the square function bound for the theta T's, OK? And here the C, of course, is going to depend on dimension, on the little with Paley constants, and of course on the Carlson norm for this Carlson measure, OK? So let's see how this is proved. This is actually going to be an easy consequence of things that we've just done on the one unstated or unproved thing that I stated for you, which is the Carlson embedding law, OK? So what we're going to do, and I should say that this theorem stated explicitly in this form is due to Christian's Journée, that somehow some of the ideas in the proof are implicit in work of Coifman and Maier, who had given previously an alternative proof of the Dewey-Journée theorem, OK? So here we're going to use this idea of Coifman and Maier. And we're going to write theta T f of x as theta T minus theta T of 1 of x times pT, whoops, I put the parenthesis in the wrong place, times pT applied to f, and then evaluated at x. I'll tell you what pT is in a second. Plus then we have to add this back in. Theta T 1 of x, pT f of x. And this is going to be, we're going to give this a name. This thing in the square brackets I'm going to call rT for remainder term. And this term just is what it is, OK? All right, where pT is what? pT is going to be a nice approximate identity, OK? Here we're going to define pT f of x is defined to be pT star f of x, where phi T of x, as usual, is T to the minus n phi of x over T. Phi is going to be, let's say, radial, although you really don't need that, real C0 infinity with support, let's say, in the unit ball, and with integral 1, OK? So we'll refer to this thing from now on as standard modifier. Or sometimes we'll call it just a nice approximate identity, because that's how they're often called, OK? So then with the ingredients in place, these terms are going to be easy to handle, OK? You have to, obviously, what we have to do is handle the contribution of each of those terms, the rT term and then theta T of 1 times pT of f term, separately, so that each of them satisfies the square function bound, OK? All right, but this guy, theta T of 1 of x times pT f of x, dx dT over T, OK, we'll look. Theta T of 1 of x squared times dx dT over T is by hypothesis of Carlson measure, OK? So then we just use the Carlson embedding lemma, OK? And this becomes something controlled by the Carlson norm of mu, where mu is that mu, right? It's the guy that's built out of this, times the non-tangential max, the square of the non-tangential max of pT of f. But if you recall one of the very early lemmas that we stated yesterday, I don't even remember what was the numerology, lemma 2.3. Lemma 2.3 tells us that this cumulatively is bounded in L2, OK, right? The non-tangential max of a standard modified bounded in L2, this was lemma 2.3, OK? So that term is fine. What about the RT term? But the RT term does something special because of the way it's been built, OK? So what we notice is that, first of all, that pT of 1 is 1, right? pT is an averaging operator. Preserves constants, y, because the integral of phi is equal to 1, OK? All right? So therefore, what is RT of 1? RT of 1 is going to be theta T of 1 minus theta T of 1 times pT of 1, right? You just set f to be 1. pT of 1 is 1, and so this is 0, OK? So the RT kills constants. Also, the kernel of RT, let's call it psi tilde T of x, y is equal to what? Is equal to, well, we get the kernel of theta T, which is psi T of x, y. We know that's a little wood-paley theory, a little wood-paley kernel that's given to us. Then we have minus what? Theta T of 1 of x times the kernel of the pT, which is phi T of x minus y, OK? Well, in particular, the little wood-paley size condition tells us that theta T of 1 is uniformly bounded, OK? And phi T is as nice as you could like. So this kernel, cumulatively, is also a little wood-paley kernel. So we have an operator with a little wood-paley kernel which kills constants. And so the square function bound for the RT is immediate from the theorem we've proved or sketched the proof of at the end of the hour last time, theorem 2.10, OK? So then by theorem 2.10 we're done. And then we're done, OK? All right, so that was easy. All right, now the next goal is to use this to prove the T of 1 theorem for singular integrals. This will be a little more work. First, we have to develop a little bit of background, OK? So the first thing that we need to do is introduce the notion of the so-called weak-boundedness property, OK? Which from now on, we will abbreviate as WBP. And it says the following thing. So remember that the way we defined a generalized Coulter own-Ziegman operator, it's a mapping from test functions to distributions that's associated to a standard Coulter own-Ziegman kernel in a certain way, OK? So for T, a Coulter own-Ziegman operator, generalized singular integral. And for any, let's say, F and G in C0 infinity with support in an arbitrary ball B of x0 r, OK? The weak-boundedness property says that if you look at the soup over x0 in Rn and the soup over radii r bigger than 0, take the pairing of Tf with G, the distributional pairing, take the absolute value of that. This is going to be less than or equal to some uniform constant times this radius r to the n times the following factors, OK?  All right, so that seems perhaps a little mysterious because I'm taking the F and G to be supported, compactly supported in a ball. In the same ball, set it at x0 to radius r. No, no, no, no, ah, ah. And of course, over F and G, yes, thank you, thank you. F and G in C0 infinity of B of x0 r, yes. Right, thanks. I don't want to say it this way. You're right, thank you. WPP says the following. For all x0 in Rn, thank you. R bigger than 0, FG in C0 infinity of the ball, OK? Then we have this estimate where C is uniform. This is uniform with respect to F, G, and x0 in R, OK? Thanks, yeah, you're right. That was terribly unclear. Or worse than unclear, it was just not right. OK, so this may seem a little mysterious, but what's going on here? For example, suppose that T is bounded in L2, OK? Then this becomes trivial, OK? Choose F and G to be supported in this C0 infinity with support in the ball of radius r, set it at x0, OK? If T is bounded in L2, then this is bounded by the operator norm of T times the L2 norm of F times the L2 norm of G, which is less than or equal to, well, the L2 norm is bounded by the L infinity norm times the square root of the size of the support. So that'll be L infinity norm of F times r to the n over 2, same for G. And of course, this expression is less than or equal to this expression, so you get weak boundness for free, OK? So that's one reason it's called weak boundness. Real boundness, L2 boundness would give you this estimate. So you don't have quite that, but you have this, OK? At least to start with. Now, you may think that that's assuming a lot, but it's actually not assuming a lot. This is going to be one of the hypotheses of the T1 theorem, but it's actually not assuming so much because we have the following thing, OK? So here we're going to let k of x, y be a color on the Zygmunt kernel, and we're going to further suppose that it's anti-symmetric, meaning that k of x, y is minus k star of x, y. And here, at least for now, when I write k star, I mean the transpose, not the adjoint, right? So I'm not taking a complex conjugate. It's just the transpose. So in other words, this is minus k of yx, OK? So you flip the variables and you put a minus sign in front, OK? So then the principal value operator T associated to k exists in a sense of distributions and satisfies WBP, OK? So what I mean is that for all f and g in season 3 of our n, we can define Tf paired with g as the limit as epsilon goes to 0 of T epsilon f paired with g. And I'll tell you what T epsilon is in a second. Where T epsilon f of x is, by definition, the integral, or what we truncate away from the diagonal at scale epsilon, k of x, y, f of y dy, OK? So of course, this integral is an absolute conversion integral for f and c zero infinity, OK? So let's see the proof of this. Because for these truncated singular integrals, we have absolute convergence, we can actually write this as an explicit integral, all right? So this will be the integral of the double integral integrating where x minus y is bigger than epsilon of k of x, y, f of y, g of x.


Bagley public school students got an early dismissal today after the roof in the elementary school building started to collapse due to snow accumulation. Bagley school employees noticed the roof between the gym and the bathrooms was starting to sag down at around 10 this morning. There you get a look at it. Now school officials immediately called the structural engineer and a construction company to assess the damage and remove snow from the roof. The school then decided it was best to evacuate students to the high school before releasing them all early. We released our students at one o'clock for an early dismissal and we dismissed K-12 just to be on the safe side. We didn't want to make in case we lose power or if we would lose heat or water and so we decided it was always best and safest to assess everything before we get the school opened again. School officials have announced that the elementary school building will not be open tomorrow. All classes at the high school though will run as scheduled. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Good morning everyone. It's a great pleasure to have Don Anzan Sushi, the State Councilor of Myanmar with us this morning. Thank you. I remember after 15 years in house arrest, Professor Klaus Schwab and I had a pleasure of meeting with you 2010-2011 and there was a lot of optimism in Myanmar. And also after your landslide elections in 2005 and consequently 15, thank you. It was a test this morning. And in 2015 you took over as State Councilor in 2016 and looking at a little bit more than two years, you have no been State Councilor. What are you most of your achievements? What would you say that you have your most proud of having achieved and what is the thing you would have liked to achieve that you haven't achieved so far? I don't know whether pride is the word that I would use but satisfied perhaps. Although not full satisfaction because I think you always aim higher. That is how it goes when you're trying to build our country that has been left behind for many, many decades and you're trying to catch up. But I think if I have to give just one answer, I would say it's the way in which our people have been quick to grasp the new opportunities that have emerged, not everybody of course. You can't expect everybody to be able to put their hands firmly on the new opportunities. Young people, they have changed. And also I have to say our civil servants, not because some of our civil servants are here, but I think over the last two years we have started seeing a change in them. I'm not just talking about corruption. It's also about the fact that they feel more confident and they feel that they can take initiative much more and that they will be listened to and that they are part of the whole endeavor. So I suppose people, it's the sense that our people have greater confidence in themselves that I find most satisfactory. But what remains to be done, there's so much that I can hardly choose one to talk about. So Myanmar used to be the rice bowl of Southeast Asia. That was a long time ago. And it also had one of the best educational systems in the region. When do you think you will see real results, for example, in the educational field? You mentioned yesterday in your speech that, for example, access to the Internet has gone from 3% to 25%. Have you seen positive developments also on the educational side the last years? Yes, I have to say I'm a little surprised and very encouraged by the fact that our young people are very creative and innovative in spite of the fact that we've had a very poor education system and we have put hardly next to nothing into research. And while we're about it, I'd like to invite entrepreneurs to invest in our young people, to invest in research in Myanmar.  A few weeks ago, I went to an exhibition of little projects that had been put together by our young people. And it is all research. And of course, we cannot give much money for research. And yet there were a number of very interesting projects. And one that struck me was very simple. But I think this is the sort of thing that we should encourage and that we should invest in. We have a tree called the koku. I was going to look up the botanical name I forgot. So I can't tell you what the botanical name is, but it's a very beautiful shade tree. It grows very tall and it's naturally symmetrical. It's like a big umbrella and it's one of the best-loved shade trees in our country. But apart from providing shade, we've always taken it all granted that it has no other use because the fruit of the koku tree is unusable. In fact, at one time we thought it was a bit of a nuisance because when we used to have these trees on the roadside, in the days when windscreens were not made of very tough grass and a koku fruit fell on a windscreen, it would be broken. So it was considered something of a nuisance. But these young people had been doing research and producing ethanol from koku fruit. And this kind of research makes me very happy because they are seeing with new eyes which things have happened there all the time and which have been ignored. So I think that's the essence of research, essence of creativity and innovation, that they have the ability to see all things with young new eyes. And I wondered whether some enterprising businessmen might not like to invest in the research to find out whether ethanol produced from the koku fruit could become profitable. So Dan-Ansa Sushi, you know, we have a lot of international CEOs also with us here and I think last year you saw foreign direct investments a little bit around 10 billion US dollars. Are you welcoming more investments and in which areas do you want more foreign investments? We are welcoming of course more investments and better investments and we also accept that we have a responsibility to make the kind of changes that would attract more of the kind of investments we want. We want, of course, I've just talked about education. So obviously what we want is investment in education, long-term research in our people, in our young people, but also in agriculture, in the agricultural sector because Myanmar is still predominantly an agricultural country. As you know about 70% of our people live in the rural area. There's now movement towards the cities to find jobs, which is, I suppose, to be expected. But we have so much potential in the agriculture sector and as people talk a lot about the importance of food security over the coming years, I like to think that our country could become what they call an agribase industrialized nation, like for example New Zealand. Like the rice bubble again? No, not the rice, I think diversification. I think we can't just stick to rice, but we must diversify and then of course we want to go up the value chain with regard to food production because in the end whatever other things we may invent, food starts from the earth. You may process it in any number of stages, but basically it has to come up. Even if it's meat, the animals have to eat whatever comes up from the earth. Following the landslide elections, your landslide in 2015 and then now having been state councillor for two years, has it been very different than you anticipated? No, because if you look back we've been in politics for about 30 years. And politics is politics. People seem to think that politics in opposition are different from politics in office. Well of course there are different sorts of responsibilities but in the end it's working with people. Unless you work with the people you cannot help a country to achieve sustainable development. And we have recently completed our Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan and that is what we're working towards. But sustainable development is something that we have always been working towards even when we were not in government. So one of the important topics for you when you were in opposition came into the parliament in 2012 in the by-elections and also before was the role of the military in the parliament. As a result of your constitution the military have 25% of the MPs in the parliament. You're having new elections in 2020. Do you see any chance for a change in the constitution so all the MPs will be elected by the people and not 25% by the military? We had a debate in the legislature in 2014 about the constitution, amendments to the constitution. And this is a long debate which went on for several weeks. And there we presented our official stand with regard to the constitution. We were very very frank about the parts of the constitution that we thought should be changed and we stated that 25% unelected parliamentarians was not in line with democratic values and this has to change. And that all legislators should be elected freely by the people. But we also made the point that in the interest of national reconciliation and stability we would negotiate this step by step that we wouldn't... There were some people who recommended what they call amending the constitution on the streets which is to say going out and having demonstrations and starting a movement that will force a change in the constitution. But this has never been part of the policy of the NLD. I think very very few people realize that during our 30 years as a political party we have not once organized a public demonstration. We have tried to do everything within the framework of the law because we believe that rule of law is absolutely essential for the stability of our country for the security of our people. So we said no we were not going to amend the constitution on the streets. We would do it through negotiation within the lawful channels but this was something that we were very open about and the military knows that we do not accept the unelected 25% and we want to negotiate a change step by step. So this will be interesting to follow. Another challenge for Myanmar is of course related to the officially 135 different technical groups and there are still conflicts with some of them. The last years there has been a lot of focus on the situation in the Rakhine state and this is a question that you also get very often and I think last year you committed to also repatriate a million people that fled from the Rakhine state to Bangladesh. What is the time table for this repatriation? Well the first repatriation was supposed to have started on the 23rd of January but at that time Bangladesh said they were not ready yet. So because we signed an MOU on the 23rd of November in 2018 so that was in 2017. But that was when it was supposed to have started. So as there are two countries involved we can't alone decide when the repatriation has to begin because they have to come back from Bangladesh. We cannot go and fetch them from Bangladesh and we have to accept them at the border in line with the agreements in the memorandum of understanding. So how do you feel about this situation with the Muslim minority that has fled to Bangladesh, Rohingyas or Muslim minority? Do you feel that the military in Myanmar has handled this well or would you have known in hindsight seen this handled in a different way? Because there has been a lot of international focus and also the UN has come out with pretty strong statements on this. Well yes, I know this has been a lot of international focus but when you say how did the military handle it I think perhaps I was thinking of the military aspect of the operations because of course the political aspect is something for which the government has to take responsibility. And as I like to say from time to time although we only have 75% of power we have to accept 100% of the responsibility. That's what elected government is all about. There are of course ways in which we with hindsight might think that the situation could have been handled better but we believe that for the sake of long term stability and security we have to be fair to all sides that rule of law must apply to everybody. We cannot choose and pick whom should be protected by the rule of law and I have to keep repeating because very few are interested in that aspect of the situation that in the Rakhine there are many small groups, ethnic groups and religious groups and they are not just Muslims and the Rakhines as seems to be the perception of much of the world. For example we are very small ethnic groups that are fast disappearing but nobody seems to be interested in them and yet they are the ones who could disappear altogether and some are now down to four figures. For the government we have to be fair to all of them even if the rest of the world is not interested in the smaller groups we have to make them feel and understand that they will be treated on an equal basis and that their rights and their security matter as much to us as that of the Rakhines and the Muslims which are the big groups and of whose presence and whose problems the whole world is aware. So this is, if you like, this is part of the responsibilities of a duly elected government. Some people, a democratic government is never elected by 100% of the voters but you have a responsibility to all even the ones that did not vote for you. But when the Rakhine state is a big state, it's a big area but also as a humanitarian and as a human being if you look at the burned buildings and the situation for children and women following what has happened there I think it also touches you as a human being, this thing. Well this is a very reason why one of the first things that my government did when we took up the responsibilities of administration was to organize a central committee for development and rule of law in the Rakhine and this is well before the first terrorist attacks which launched the lightest round of problems and when we asked Dr. Kofi Annan to form a commission to help us with this again nothing had taken place, the terrorist attacks had not occurred and the problems had not arisen but we saw from then that we needed to do something to ensure that there would be sustainable peace and prosperity in the Rakhine we were very aware of that and this is what we started to do immediately but then after the first terrorist attacks in October 2016 then some of our plans had to be postponed because we had to deal with immediate problems that had arisen. Looking at the two years now before the next elections what are the most important things for you to achieve? Is it in education, is it in job creation, is it in peace and reconciliation with the other groups that you still have armed conflicts with? Well we always say that peace and prosperity cannot be divided you can't have sustainable peace without prosperity and you can't have sustainable prosperity without peace these two go together so if we have to choose one priority target it would be peace and prosperity together we can't really divide the two and of course education is basic to both because it's through education that you teach the people to understand how to create peace in their own country and how to create prosperity and education I mean in a very broad sense not just what we teach in schools but what we... it sounds a little arrogant to say teaching the people at large but to give the people an opportunity to learn more about what kind of role they can play in building up peace and prosperity in the country Looking at ASEAN and the relationship with your neighbors it is said that Myanmar is where India and China meets you're also involved in this different initiatives for example also Belt and Road Initiative do you see major positive results of this also for Myanmar? Yes of course we've always been between China and India it's not just that recently suddenly we found ourselves within China and India this has been so since the world began and I think people have forgotten that we actually Burma as an independent nation since 1948 had a very good record of well balanced foreign relations we've always had very good relations not just two neighbors with China and India but also with the western countries including the ex-colonial power and of course with our neighbors as well United States too? The United States too when we first became an independent nation we were very much supported not just by our neighbors but by the United States and by the European countries and of course now that ASEAN has been established and I have to say that I take great pride in saying that in one of my father's last speeches just before he was assassinated in 1947 he talked about the possibility of a regional organization which is what ASEAN is now so he was thinking about that way back in 1947 and now that ASEAN is in place we do want to have more not just friendly contacts but practically mutually profitable contacts with our neighbors Talking about the U.S. you probably saw also Vice President Pence yesterday appealed to you and to me on March to let the two Reuters journalists out of jail I think they got a sentence of seven years what is your response to Vice President Pence? Well I think what I want to know is whether they feel that there has been a miscarriage of justice the case has been held in open court and all the hearings have been open to everybody who wished to go and attend them and if anybody feels that there has been a miscarriage of justice I would like them to point it out and I wonder whether very many people have actually read the summary of the judgment which had nothing to do with a freedom of expression at all it had to do with the Official Secrets Act but I don't think anybody has actually bothered to read it and they should read the summary and point out You've read it? Of course I've replied to read it and I think it would be very remiss of any member of the government not to have read it but I would like them to read the judgment and point out where they think there has been a miscarriage of justice there has been a miscarriage of justice and you know of course that due process allows them to appeal the sentence But I guess you also as a democratic leader don't feel comfortable with journalists being jailed It's not a matter of... they were not jailed because of a journalist they were jailed because the court has... the sentence has been passed on then because the court has decided that they had broken the Official Secrets Act So if we believe in the rule of law they have every right to appeal the judgment and to point out why the judgment is wrong if they consider it wrong So looking at Myanmar second largest country in ASEAN more than 50 million people a lot of aspirations still a lot of people don't have access to electricity there is still a lot of development issues After two years do you think you've got the support from the international development community as you expected where do you feel that the international community can support more on Myanmar's transition into then in the future I guess aspiration is a middle income country Well actually with what you mentioned electrification I think the improvement in electrification is one of the... our achievements that has been noted by the Myanmar living conditions survey the improvement is very good and it's particularly good because it has taken part in rural areas but with regard to whether we have received as much development aid as we expected I can't say that we expected development aid as such we've always taken it for granted that one has to earn what one gets and even aid and assistance has to be earned by what you are able to put in as well it's not just sitting there and waiting for somebody to help you but helping yourself so that there are others who feel that they would be happy to take part in the enterprise as well Looking at this country in Vietnam as mentioned in the Secretary General's message yesterday there was like more than 50% poverty in this country just a few decades ago I know there is only 3% Are you expecting the same kind of development in your country and do you think you have the policies currently to achieve this? I think so, but of course policies don't stay static policies need to be changed if it is obvious that changes need to be much we must change and adapt but we are very impressed by what Vietnam has achieved and they've also shown that it's achievable so we're getting close to the end because there is a live TV debate after us but we are very pleased to have you back at our World Economic Forum Summit in ASEAN and my last question is looking forward the elections are coming up in 2020 I guess you will be running again as the leader of your party where do you think, if you also win the elections in 2020 where do you think Myanmar will be in 2025 what do you think you will achieve? Well let's get over one hump at a time I think first we've got to concentrate on winning the 2020 elections and we want to win because we deserve to win not because we want to win and meaning to say that if we win the 2020 elections I would like it to be because we have done enough for the country, for the people to accept that the party should continue to take responsibility of course one always wonders whether it's a good idea to want to win the elections again and again but part of the democratic process is that you work through a party system so if you want to maintain the stability and if you want to continue with the development plans that you have laid down then it becomes important to win the next elections but I don't want that to be the be all and the end all for our political party we want to be part of the process of well lifting our country out of poverty of bringing sustainable peace and progress and prosperity but in order to do that practically speaking it would be important to win the elections in 2020 and we just have to make sure that we make enough progress between now and then for the people to decide that they can safely continue to give us a responsibility to look after our country Thank you so much to Don Ancestor Shea Steak Chancellor


Name another podcast like this. Check it, check it, check it. It's a unique hustle. It's your boy, E-C-E-O, and I'm here with the lovely, amazing, outstanding official, Miss Jamaica. What's going on? None, none. You know my dad will walk on. Hey man, hey man, this man right here, man. I actually met him in Las Vegas, man. We was at the convention, and I walked up on him.  Check it, man. My boy, Punch-O-G is in the building, man, with S-O-D. What's up, what's up, man? What up, world? We here, man, S-O-D Money Gang. S-O-D Money Gang, man, that's crazy. We definitely want to just get all into your business. You know what I'm saying? What you got for? We like to go back before the music, before the comedy, I should say, before everything, as a child growing up, where you're from, your parents, I don't need to know everything. Man, I'm from the south side of Chicago. I'm from 75th King, dry, gotty world. Wow. You know, state to the lake. You know, Chicago, boy, man. You know, Chicago, dangerous. It's really not. Really? Yeah, it's really not. They be trying to get that, to tell people that, cause it's a lot of black excellence in Chicago. So other cities don't see black excellence. But then when you tell people that it's dangerous, it makes people, the tourism, make people not want to come there. They want you not to come to see the, don't see the black excellence.   So you don't have a lot of violence. It's violence, but it's like, everybody I was saying, get killed in Chicago, we already seen them, we already knew it was coming. Oh, okay.  Yeah. You know what I'm saying? It ain't that loud, man. But the way people do, they try to make it out, like you said, propaganda and all that. It's something that's going on behind the scene that they're trying to not get you to see.  You know, it's a lot of black entrepreneurs in Chicago. Really? So you grew up seeing all of that. Because I know, we've owned a shop for about 15 years and we've seen a lot of young kids grow up, become men and women. And they've always said to us, they love the fact that they saw a couple, a black couple being able to work together to do something good. And it made them feel like it's possible. So you tell me that you saw that a lot around you growing up. Yes, I always seen like just hard working black people, like Chicago for us, it was discovered by a black man.  We was discovered by a black French man from Haiti. What's his name? DeSable. Okay. Yeah. That's good. So were you raised with your mom and dad? I was raised with my mom, dad and my grandparents. My grandparents stayed right across the street from each other. My dad stayed next to me.  That's good. Yeah. You know that's rare, right? Yeah. Yeah, but they all gone though. So God bless the dead.  But, you know, I had that guidance to make me be stronger, be here right now. What's the main thing you've learned, whether from your mom, your dad, grandma, that stuck with you through your journey?  And I ain't everybody business, you know. My daddy used to always say you don't have no friends. So I kind of believed him on that.  But you know, as a kid, when your parents used to tell you things, you hear them but you don't really go by until you have to go through it and you realize what they said is true. So did you ever have to go through that bump to realize?  Right. But then you get older, you realize, man, they won't learn. You know, you got to feel it yourself through order to learn. So tell me something that you went through as a child or as a teenager, that with a betrayal or just anything that you went through that you had to learn from that somebody else might be going through it and really, you know, can learn from your experience? I wanted to, I really wanted to key in on like, like being from Chicago, have you ever lost a friend, you know, the gang violence because the gang violence is real up there. Oh yeah, I lost one of my close friends seeing you at high school like a week before prom. Break that down to us. Like what was going on? Like you and your close friend from high school, you know, y'all had plans to hang out the rest of your life. And so was it something while he just was in the wrong place at the wrong time? He's at the wrong place at the wrong time. Him and two other our friends, they was at a park a week before prom and they was chilling at the park and then some dude came up to him, said, you know, start banging on him and then shot out on him and killed him. He got buried in his prom suit. Man, that's crazy. So how was, I mean, how was he had to be about 17? Yeah, how you get a 17? And you guys been knowing each other y'all whole time? Since freshman, yeah. Since freshman in high school. Man, that's crazy, man. How was the city like during the times when you see gang violence, some of the things, whether it be whatever game, maybe, you know, how is it like when you have to go to school and they don't force you into the game? How did you stay out of the game? Or did you stay out of the game? Right?  So I was with people, but I wasn't like selling dope and nothing all that. I was selling watches and jewelry and stuff. I did other things. CDs, movies, socks, face masks, DVDs. That's how I was. That's what I was my husband. But they'll be my friends.  They, your neighborhood look out for you. When you in a neighborhood, everybody know everybody. So they know who not to mess with and who to mess with. And then they know, like, they could die if they mess with certain people. They like, oh, they know, like, no, he ain't on that. Do you know what I'm saying? They, your neighborhood gonna look out for you. It was more close together. It was more together.  The whole neighborhood, your whole block, you will know everybody. So, well. Growing up, like, what did you aspire to become? What did you want to become? My mother was a police officer. So I had wanted to be a police officer, too. Did you try out? No, I didn't. But I remember being in seventh grade, though I wanted to be a comedian, too. Oh, really? Yeah. No, I really want no, like, no class clown and then like that. I was silly sometimes, but that really won my M.O., like. Then why a comedian? I don't know, like, you know, comedians, we all go through some type of dark. Some, you know, like I lost my whole immediate family. So right after my mother died, that's how I kinda got into comedy. And how old were you when your mom passed away? I was 29. 29? So, can you say, you lost your whole immediate family. Did they all pass away back to back to back? You know, through the years. Through the years. From 08 to now, yeah, to the 22nd. It's just a way for you to channel all of that into something. Yeah, something positive. Right. Yeah. Okay, that's good. So how was it like going out and actually doing it for the first time? Comedy, I had, yeah, I had, I did like a year of open mics. And then after... In Chicago? No, actually in Vegas. I started comedy in Vegas. Okay. And I did a year of open mics and after the year of open mics, that's when I started doing shows. So I used to be a blue martini regularly. In Vegas, that's one of the big clubs at the time. That was dope. That was my first big show. I wasn't nervous until I got after the set. Why? I don't know.  So after the set, that's when I started shaking and everything. How was the crowd? Acceptance of the day? They loved me. They loved me. Yeah, they liked. And then my first competition I had won. So when I had won my first competition, I felt like this for me. So did you ever get in the first year for open mic, did you ever get booed? I never been booed before. Never? Never been booed. Wow. Never been booed, but I've never been booed. Same thing, Carlos Miller said he never been booed. So that's a good track record to say. How long have you been actually doing comedy? Four years now, professionally, like four years. Cause I see you on your IG with a whole bunch of people, but let's talk about Soldier Boy for a minute, because you are the only, according to what he said, when he announced it, you're the only comedian that signed to a rap label. Oh, yes. So explain to me how you met Soldier Boy and how did you even end up being the first comedian signed to S.O.D. Money Game? Well, I met Soldier Boy in Vegas and I did it. A lot of people don't know, I did his jewelry. Okay, you did his jewelry. Yeah, I did a lot of his signature, his new signature pieces, the Soldier Boy chain with the gun and the little character, man, that's his face. So you're also a jewelry maker? Yeah, I'm a jewelry maker, yeah. Okay, cool. So I had made that, cause you know, Soldier Jury wasn't looking too good at one time and then after he met me, that's when he was on point. Wow, so, and you met him and you was doing the jewelry and so how do you get into a conversation about, hey man, I wanna sign with you or he signed, or he came into it, you came in, how did that happen? You know, during his jury, we got real close. He was calling me. He calling me at three in the morning and I'm like, damn, Soldier Boy called me then, he got real close then. I got close with one of his artists too. So his artist used to tell him about me too as well. What artist is that? Ben O'Hood trophy. Okay. He used to tell Soldier like, yeah, Pancho G, man, whoa, whoa. Then Soldier just, you know, gravitated towards me. Then after the first piece I had made, he was like, man, you know what, I'm gonna sign you. He knew I was a comedian. He was like, I'm gonna sign you. We gonna make history. So he was like, after I made that first gun piece, that's when he had signed me. Wow.  I'm gonna sign you. Because he's saying my work. And he was just like, man, you hilarious. And he was like, let's do something different.   Well, I visualized it. I always wanted to be a soldier boy homie for some reason.  I was always watching soldier boy before soldier boy really was soldier boy. Yeah. You know what I'm saying? Yeah.  Soldier boy is one of the most phenomenal guys when they come down to reinventing himself. He's one of those guys that you just, you can't, you can't miss.   Every time you try to count that nigga out, he like a cat with nine lives.  He just keep falling to his feet. He did that's that type of nigga. Like every session, that's what people don't like to, you know, I was so proud of him when I seen him on breakfast club and other people were talking and laughing and all that.  You laughing, but it ain't that funny.  Yeah. And that's the thing. We have revolutionized the game. So now you're going to start seeing other people like, I'm a rapper a lot, but I'm a comedian. You know what I'm saying? Like I'm with OVO, I'm a comedian. And your soldier boys say, I was the first one. Yeah. He's gonna be like I'm the first. Because you know, he like to brag about stuff like that. He's gonna be like I'm the first. That's right. So he know it's coming. He know it's coming. So he like to just be on things early. And when he broke down that Draco thing, the reason why his name was Draco was to Charlemagne. I believe that nigga. Yeah. That's the name. Yeah. Yeah. He said, yeah. And that's what I like about it. The nigga come on. Dracoates. That's his name. So you can't take that away from him. Man, and you know what he then he said, something about he was on that first, you know, on that song that Migos got the one they did from. Oh, yeah. That was his song first. He actually invented drill music, but they ain't gonna give him the credit like that. He was the first one to get on all of them artists from Chicago. He was the first one. He was the first like major rapper to mess with any of them drill artists. Damn, I didn't know that. And he'll let you know that one. He'll let you know. But it's a fact. This Google, he on in the beginning, all them cheap, keep all of them. So he was the first one to be on the hop owner. And he supported it. And famous digs, all them rich, the kid, everybody. I think he said rich kid, you sleep on his couch. Yeah, all them famous.  Damn, that boy don't miss. I told you that nigga, I got to get that nigga on Boss Talk 101. That nigga got to be on here. I already know what he knows coming though. I saw every time I met him, the nigga was solid. You know what I'm saying? I just love the way the nigga just moved. And that's the thing. He not like that. Like you everybody be like, they're her soldier. Like really, he really a chill person. Yeah, yeah.  Then it was soon as it go cut. He back to being a rapper. Yeah, yeah. What's the most impactful thing you've learned from him?  You know what I'm saying? Like he a real leader. And he's like, he made me more boss than I ever been. You know what I'm saying? So he, I was already a boss, but he made me a bigger boss. Because he's very, because he loves the business aspect of it, because right now he doesn't do music as much as he used to. No, he just got the album out and then he wrote a song about me on that call. I'm so icy. So that was big. OK. Yeah, check that out. I'm so icy. Because I had hooked him up. I did his jury. So he gave me the shout out like, yeah. And you still do his jury today? Yeah, I'm doing. I still do jury today. So I do Vegas custom jury. That's what we do at Vegas.  Yeah, that's what my main answer was. OK. But one day soon, you'll make more money off of comedy. Yeah. What's the biggest event you've done? Uh, I did a few big events, but I probably got to say the Kenan Thompson show. I had did that twice. That was a big show. Kenan Thompson had the first one I did was right before the pandemic. But so it kind of messed up everything. And then I just did one this year, Kenan Thompson. He wasn't at this year, but I still did the show. And that was a big. It was at the LA Comedy Club out there in Las Vegas at the Shreddersfield. So that was. Hello, I want to go back to Soulja Boy. OK, go ahead. I want to go back to Soulja Boy because I seen you on a picture with Soulja Boy. And I know T.I. is into comedy now. And I'm just trying to see because was this the comedy T.I. Or was this the T.I. that wrapped it be like the one that say, you might have seen me in the street. You don't know that old T.I. Which T.I. was it? Was it the T.I. right up here? The one that was on paper. Paper one. That's the that's the reason T.I. So he was the comedian. Oh, OK, OK. I'll break down with T.I. the niggle. And that picture right there. He telling T.I. like T.I. I got a comedian. He said, you doing all this comedy. He like, man, I got a comedian right now.  The light bulb, like, damn, I'm going to have to sell somebody to ground hustle. So they all see somebody ground hustle. You already know. I'm curious. Why do you think T.I. started doing comedy?  So it's like they going to pay you anyway, just because of your name. He ain't got to. They can just continue just doing music instead of doing comedy. You know, everybody want to put their foot in everything. You know, they want to get, you know, once you get your name and your brandix established, you down there could be in everything. So you're going to do whatever to get all bags. Yeah, you're right, because his ticket's not cheap at all. Yeah. At all.  No, but I, you know, I heard, you know, some days he had good days and some days they have bad days. Oh, OK. But we all do. Yeah. That just that's what come with the territory of being a comedian. What type of comedian are you? I'm a trap comic. OK. Yeah.    Yeah, that's it. Together. I got you. I got you. So I just want to, like I said, I definitely want to commend you for being the first comedy, a comic comedian designed to a rapper to a record label, independent record label. Right. And I think that's dope, man, for you to even be able to step up on that podium and be that guy. You know what I'm saying? So who who are some of the comedians that inspired you? Anybody from Chicago, but, you know, Bernie Mac, one of my favorites, Damon Williams, Jess Knees. Like but Robin Harris was one of my favorites, too.  So wow. So what you you got a movie that you're in. Let's talk about the movie a little bit. How did you end up even being on this movie? And I'm hearing twist and some more people. And what's the name of the movie? Primary position, primary position. Yeah, I looked that up and and you basically how did you end up even getting a role in that movie? Well, one of my best friends, have no Carlito. He the one who produced and directed this movie. But he got our end up getting the All-Star cast. We got Biggie in there. We got Chris Chris Lofton at like Bart. A lot of Chicago legends in a twister. That's the movie that Chris Lofton was in Chicago. Was it filming in Chicago? Yeah. Yeah. That's where he filming it, because we reached out to him and they said that he was in Chicago filming. So that's the show he filming. Yeah, well, I think he live out, too. So OK, he from Chicago. OK, so yeah, but we got a lot of people that's from the empire, all the Chicago people, people from the shot, you know, a lot of Chicago legends. When I look down your Instagram, I see people like Mike Tyson. I see people like Flavor Flav. I see people like T.I. I see people like Twister.  Well, you got what's that other boy, the comedian? I seen T.K. Kirkland. Yeah, me and T.K. Kirkland just a bunch of a litany of people that you are constantly working either around or with, man. How is it to be, you know, in those spaces and how do you stand on those type of stages?  I'm going to say something else, talk about some music or something. But if I'm around to do that, do music, I probably going to talk about some basketball, you know, because they get tired of listening to the same thing over and over.  They like, man, check out my mixtape. That's one thing I had got signed because I was in a rapper. I had to go to soldier and be like, check out my music and all that. You know, saying so. How do you feel about the stand up? And I know you've been in Vegas. You've seen him. He wanted the coldest to do it. I'm going to shot that nigga out of the out of Kansas City, Missouri. They want a baddest comedian you ever want to hit. See, hit the stage. That boy Eddie Griffin. How do you feel about that boy when you see? Have you ever seen him do stand up? Oh, yeah.  Yeah, I love Eddie Griffin, man. He's a good person, too, and real like, too. Yeah. How was it meeting him? Oh, Eddie showed us a lot of love, man. We was we was at some L.A. It was a big event. He was like, man, come sit next to me. You know what I'm saying? So it was like him and his brother. Well, which one of them give you pointers? Like have have really given you pointers?  He said, man, this here and this that. And T.K. T.K. is is with me all the time. He talks to me all the time. Tell me, this is what you need to do. This is how you need to do it. Him and Damon Williams from Chicago. Damon Williams. OK. So T.K. is and Damon Williams, Spanky Hayes is another person that that's been there and took me under their wing and was like, this is my brother. Make sure you tell. Let's go back to the movie, though. Just give me your role and just give me much as you can about what you do in the movie. Well, Twista and we got a a bodega, a little stove and it's just a one little scene. And we just I have work at the stove. You know, that's it. It's just where I got this stove. Yeah, where I got this stove, man, with Twista.  It is.  But you see me, though. It's like, I'm not, you know, make your presence. No. Yeah. I got that. He got me on one scene as well with my comedy on there. I was just about to. OK, I was about to say, is it a comedy watching TV? But I'm on the TV with my company. So that's dope to release 1111. OK, cool 1111. That's going to that's going to be dope. Reminders of the name. Primary position, primary position, man. Where can I find it? It's gone. I'm not sure what streaming service is going to be on. But I'm you're going to see it. You're going to you're going to know it is coming because it's too many people on that not to know. Right. And, you know, to do Jamal that played big, he on all them with movies. So it's one of them. He's a he's a great actor because that big hero, man, he nailed it. Yeah, man, just dope, dope, dope to be affiliated with all these guys. They don't tell them where you end up because all the opportunity in the doors that can open because of the way that you've laid the foundation for your career, you know, that's the thing that I like about you is that you're building these relationships, genuine relationships because you're out there grinding. Most people think they can get it and it's easy to come by and it's fly by night, man. But I got to tell you something, man, what God have for you. Can't nobody hold it back. And the steps of a good man is all about the Lord. So when I see you walking in your steps, I understand I see the greatness that God has pretty much prepared for you. So you just got to you just got to keep on grinding. That's all you got to do. You know what I'm saying? The way you doing is the way I did. You look at the wall, you see me. I'm the same way, man. I'm always trying to be in the middle of something. I'm always trying to figure out a way to stand on those stages. That's why I asked you, not the stage you stand on when you do comedy. But when you come into the room with these people and when you deal with these elite people who have somewhat established their their their careers and entertainment, how are you standing on that stage to have those conversations? I've often asked myself that and that's why I asked you that today. Yeah, that's what I do, man. It's been different. You got to be different, man. You can't hit them with the same old Okey Doke. Yeah, you know what I'm saying? They get it all the time. These are 10 30 people just hit them with the same Okey Doke. So you got to come different. You got to come different. You know, the check it, man, is in the building. That's what they're going to get when they see ECO. It ain't nothing and it's been the same or two step for me. You know what I'm saying? When you when you are older cat and you trying to figure out ways to be something to where the younger generation can look at you. Because really, I really I'm cool with standing on those stages. But the most important thing is that the people that's watching us do our thing are able to see something in us, the younger generation that they'll be able to look at and keep a steady way in life. I don't need them to aspire to be like me. I want to be better than me. But I want to be one and be able to look at something that's presentable in a way to where they can say, you know what? If he did that, I can do this on a greater level. And that's what I want to do.  It's other things. It's bigger things to do. It's bigger fish to fry.  You know, I come from Chicago, but I had got on in Vegas.  No, 100. I definitely agree with that. What is it? What did golf mean to you? I've seen you had him on your page. I mean, you what did it mean to you?  What did that? Well, how did that affect you? Uh, I love, though, that was one of my favorite rappers. I listen to the dog him and keep going. You know, I actually got to say I've been to a dog concert. So that was dope. You know, it's like being at a Tupac concert. Everybody didn't get a chance to see Tupac and Elvis and all that. So it's like, man, I was able to go to a dog concert. But what's so ironic after all that? Probably two weeks later, that's when I got signed. Wow. So it was crazy. And then, you know, soldiers going through it with them. And it was crazy. Everybody was scared for me. I'll tell you like, man, you part of that. They part of that. You know, I'm like, I ain't got nothing to do with this. You know what I'm saying? But you walk by faith, not by sight. And at the end of the day, you just doing something to establish your career. I just seen you at post in the men and seemed like it was love. Yeah, I love Dolf. He was one of the greatest ever. He wanted the greatest rappers in the ever. Like, you know, a lot of people just be saying Tupac and Biggie just because it sounds good. But in real life, to me, Dolf was the greatest. Wow, that's a big, that's a big, you know, that cause you young. I ain't going to say Dolf, not the greatest, but I am going to say far as this generation, far as this generation to be an independent millionaire and stood on his own to indeed on his own. You can't take nothing from him. That's the thing. You can't take nothing from him. I love. I was I was just talking about him today.  Did you remember me saying that? I'm like a whole nigga in here. What was it about five, four or five years ago, three years ago? Listening to Keyglock. I said, baby, put that Keyglock on. And I just rocked out there. That's a shaking. She's like, this nigga is crazy. I love Keyglock. That was one of my favorite. I'm like, this nigga is rapping. Nigga, put that nigga Keyglock in. Let me just, you know, do my thing in here. I'm going to hustle today. You know what I'm saying? Keyglock is that hustling music for me. I go get it when I put that key. Because I, you know, know, you know, I love Nipsey Hustle, but I was more of a Dolf fan than a Nipsey fan. Wow. I didn't get to meet Dolf, but I met Nipsey. So I, and I went to Nipsey's store a lot of times. So I had a different type of a relationship with him because of that, because being a black business on a store on the like himself, we both own stores. He was on Slauson and Crenshaw, mine over here off Elam and Peachtree. So, you know what, and I'm black and my family worked in this store. So it made sense when me and my wife would go up there and shout out to my brother, you know, man, you need to go over there and see Nipsey. And that was after I met him too. I just, I met him, but then years later, I ended up just going to a store. Now I went and got shot and all that. Before all that, I would always frequent that store. Man, just love the fact that you came through and rocked out with us, man. Top three comedians of all time, Dead or Alive, number one. Bernie Mac. Number two. Robin Harris. Number three. Martin Lawrence. Dope, that's Martin Lawrence one, boy. That's the one for me right there. I want to know your top three artists of all time, Dead or Alive, any genre.  Oh, soldier, greatest rapper ever. You see what I'm saying? You gonna say it too, he put you on.  Number two. Number two, Cameron. That boy Cameron, that pink, you like what that nigga said. That's the deal. That's my homie. Me and Cameron are real close too. Oh yeah? Yeah. How you and Cameron get to know each other? I'ma get that third one though. That was one of my favorite rappers in the world. Like, you know, I believe in a law of attraction. So, man, when I was 14 years old, I was always listening to him and when I turned 25, I got to know him. How did you meet him? I met him at, I used to live in Harlem. And I met one of his close friends, Tito. And Tito was like, man, we gonna come to Chicago. When I come to Chicago, I'ma introduce you to Killer. So, we was in Chicago. We was at a club, he did a show. I was on stage with him. And that was my first time meeting him. And when our first time we met him, we kicked it all night. We went to like, I ain't get home until like 10 in the next morning. So it was like, we got real close down. When I got to Vegas, he got a crib in Vegas. So it was like, then one of his best friends lived in my apartment complex. So it was like, it was meant, you know what I'm saying? So it was like, we was kicking with Cameron all the time. Wow. Man, I just, it's dope the way you explain it and express it, man.  That nigga that was rapping back in the days. Him and Mace was our best friends. And yeah, Mace was, Mace, Mace got fly, fly as hell around that big time, man. That nigga would fly, fly. And did he say he signed to somebody? I don't know who he's just signed to. Was it the death row or something? Oh, Cameron? Mace. Oh, I don't know. He just did something. He be tripping. Mace was taking somebody, he was taking a photogiotto money here too. That's how I know, I know that part. Damn. He took that money. He's like, I'm diddy 2.2. He know exactly what he's doing. He's like, that's how they do it. Now that's the boys in Harlem, right? He gave 5,000. Damn. It was it, that was what he get for his deal. Man, so that's the way, you know, I don't know. How many people can do that? Give 5,000 for a deal and people accept it. You broke. What's deal?  Is that the kind of, is that the kind of, Cam, Cam was playing with some paper cam on McDonald's. He did, he still on the McDonald's. A lot of stuff, car wash, burnt can, all type of things. Yeah, that nigga real go get him, man. Cam run. So what's your number three? I say Gucci. Hey, never boy right now with Gucci, man.  Man, so man, how can people get a hold of you if they trying to reach out? Man, you could just look me up, I'm the only Poncho G in the world, so just Google me, I'm pop straight up. Follow my catch up. Damn, man, I'm Poncho G. I think we got everything. And thank you so much for coming on Boss Talk with us. Thank y'all for inviting me, man. I love y'all, man. Say love you more, bro. Don't do that, bro. It's a love machine over here, man. We met you in Vegas, it was destined to happen. You here now, and so it's going down, man. Holla at your boy, it's a unique hustle, man. And we out. And we out.


Hi everyone, Joe for JasperysCaseRakes.com coming at you with our last filler to unlock that hip-rate basketball break. But first the break itself, first, first the break itself first, a lot of firsts there. Big thanks to this group for making it happen. They're the teams. Let's roll it and randomize it five into five, ten the hard way. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten. After ten, there we go, top-bottom, obviously different dice for the giveaway part as always. One, two, three, four, we got some basketball on the background as well. We got Sixers at Celtics, Sixers up by ten in Boston, series is tied at two. There's the first half of the list, no trade windows here, second half of the list right there, and RIP. Oh, you saw on the back of the baseball mixer photo. Yeah, it's a nice little background there. I think the football mixer photo might show a different game in the background. Some may be able to identify that game. Got a Davion Mitchell rookie card, Kenyon Martin, Pete Marovitch Green, Biombo Walker and Griffin. The Davion will go to the Kings. That'll be for Chad Cromwell. Red, white and blues. Valentunis, John Morant, and Jalen Johnson, red, white and blue for the Hawks. Alec with Atlanta. All right, now let's see who's going to win those hit parade spots. So that's nine hits in and of itself. Let's gather everybody's names again, new dice, new list. And the top nine after nine. We'll see you in the next video for the break. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ninth and final time. After nine, so from 10 through 30, that's going to be sad times. Kevin, very close, but just not quite. Appreciate giving it a shot, though. There'll be more. There's more hit parade basketball, Jaspie Exclusive, so check that out, Jaspie'scasebreaks.com. Top nine, we'll see you in the next video. Happy times for Chad Cromwell, Chad B, Andy, Brian, Chad B, Chad B, Brian, Alec, and Chad Coleman, both Chad C's. There you go, top nine. We'll see you in the next video, Jaspie'scasebreaks.com.