The final item of business this evening is our member's business debate on motion 7973 in the name of Jackie Dunbar on the Vatburn campaign. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put. I would invite Members wishing to participate to press the request-to-speak buttons now. As soon as possible. I call on Jackie Dunbar to open the debate around seven minutes. I feel so honoured to be leading the debate this evening, and I'm proud to add my name to the calls for the UK Government to scrap VAT on sun cream of Factor 30 and above, as these products are essential health items. I thank colleagues from not only my own benches, but also from the Labour benches who have supported my motion, because their support has allowed this debate to go ahead tonight. I'd also like to welcome Amy Callaghan MP to the public gallery this evening. Welcome to our, or your, Parliament Quine, and Mark yourself at him. Members have had the opportunity this afternoon to drop in to chat with Amy about the campaign in the Parliament, and I thank colleagues from across the chamber who have taken the time to do so. I also want to wholeheartedly thank Amy for her campaigning on this issue, being a survivor of skin cancer herself. She has been a relentless advocate and her work is hugely welcome, and if her bill passes, it will, without a doubt, save lives. I also thank Melanoma Focus, Melanoma UK, Young Lives vs Cancer, Teenage Cancer Trust and Skin, who have backed Amy's calls and who continue to work for this vital change to VAT to be enacted as a matter of urgency. Our cases of melanoma have more than doubled since the early 90s. 16,000 new cases of the skin cancer are diagnosed across the UK each year, resulting in 2,300 deaths. As many as 90 per cent of cases of melanoma could be prevented by staying safe in the sun. That includes using sunscreens of SPF 30 and above with a four-star UVA protection rating. Wearing sunscreen is one of the simplest things that we can do to protect our skin against the risk of cancer, but one in eight of us do not wear it purely down to cost. Some just cannot afford it. Amy's campaign will stop families being priced out of buying sunscreen and make it more affordable for everyone. Amy's bill is a simple and inexpensive one that could save countless lives. Australia, the US and Canada have already removed VAT-style taxes from sunscreen, and there is nothing stopping the UK from doing the same. Cases of melanoma skin cancer are increasing, yet most cases can be prevented if people are sun smart, including wearing factor 30-plus sunscreen. Public polling indicates that many folk find the cost of sunscreen just too high. With the current cost of living crisis deepening and with summer fast approaching, cost is likely to deter increasing numbers of folk from buying sunscreen. Major retailers Tesco and ASDA have recognised cost as a prohibitive barrier to folk buying sunscreen, and, indeed, to their credit, Tesco reduced the price of their own brand sunscreens by 20 per cent in 2021 to offset VAT. This move from Tesco followed a consumer poll in which 57 per cent of respondents said that the product was too expensive and 29 per cent claimed that they would wear it daily if it was a little bit cheaper. ASDA called for VAT to be removed as part of a sun safety campaign in 2013, and I would join Amy in calling on all supermarkets to take steps in the absence of action from the UK Government to make sunscreen as affordable as possible. Removing VAT from factor 30 or more sunscreens will both make sunscreen more affordable to folk and will send a powerful message to the UK Government about the importance of skin protection. With the impact of climate change, meaning increase in temperatures in the UK, this measure is becoming increasingly urgent. In the US, sunscreen products have been federally exempted from VAT-style taxes since 2012. In Australia, their exempt provided that they are marketed principally for using a sunscreen and have an SPF rating of 15 or more. Melanoma Focus believes that the reduced VAT revenue from this policy would be offset by reduced Melanoma's skin cancer cases and therefore reducing costs to the NHS. The Getting It Right First Time NHS England review of dermatology highlights high and increasing skin cancer demand, with 200,000 surgical operations carried out for suspected skin cancer every year, and skin cancer rates doubling every 14 to 15 years. It highlights the need for additional workforce to make current and future pressures and recommends that raising sun and skin awareness is needed to reduce pressures on dermatology services. The message is simple. Remove VAT from sunscreen and save not only lives but also pressure on our NHS, which, as we know, is already under increased strain. It is quite frankly shocking that the UK Government cannot see this benefit and have not taken action to exempt sunscreen from VAT. We know that VAT is a policy area reserved to the UK Government, but there is action that the Scottish Government cannot take. I would ask the minister if she would write to her counterpart in the UK Government to request that VAT be removed on sunscreen of Factor 30+. Or give this Parliament the powers to do so in Scotland. I would also ask the minister if she would consider working with Retailers Scotland to explore actions that could be taken to increase access to sunscreen. There are simple steps but are steps that will save lives. In closing, I again thank Amy Callaghan MP for all her work on this issue, and I will add my support to the campaign and call on the UK Government to take the action that is needed. I look forward to hearing the contributions from across the chamber tonight. Thank you very much, Ms Dunbar. We move to the opening debate. I call First Rona Mackay to be followed by Sandesh Gulhane up to four minutes. I am especially pleased to be speaking in this important debate tonight. I thank my friend and colleague Jackie Dunbar for bringing it to the chamber. May is Melanoma Awareness Month. There are 16,000 new cases of melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, diagnosed each year across the UK with 2,300 people, sadly dying. This is largely a preventable disease, as 90 per cent of cases of melanoma could be prevented by staying safe in the sun. That is why the campaign, launched by my friend and colleague Amy Callaghan, is so vital and important. I would like to say a few words about Amy, who is here in the chamber, as we know. She has beaten melanoma twice, while in her teens and early 20s. I will do my best not to embarrass her, but she is a remarkable young woman. She was my office manager when I was elected in 2016 until she won the constituency of Eastumbartonshire in 2019 in stunning style, beating the sitting MP, Jo Swinson. I never doubted her ability to do that or to tackle issues head on. She has dealt with considerable health issues with amazing courage and determination, and if anyone can win this campaign, she can. Amy is a winner. Her VAT burn campaign aims to remove VAT from sunscreen products of SPF30+, and a four-star UVA protection rating. We know that using an effective sunscreen is the safest way to enjoy the sun and protect the skin, but sun cream is expensive. As we have heard from Jackie Dabr, research shows that one in eight people do not wear sunscreen because it is too expensive. As someone who has always used a factor of 50 sun cream, and I still have to limit my time in the sun to avoid burning, I know how necessary that is, and I have never understood why the higher the factor, the higher the price, it does not seem to make any sense. Melanoa Focus, who is backing the campaign, along with Teenage Cancer Trust, Skin, Melanoa UK, Young Lives Versus Cancer and Mascot, recommends that FF30+, sun cream, is a healthcare item, and I wholeheartedly agree with them. There is no valid reason for retaining VAT on sunscreen products. The policy change would cost the Treasury the region of £40 million per year, a drop in the ocean when it comes to saving lives. Yet, despite cross-party support, the UK Government has refused point blank to take this initiative of removing VAT forward, and I think that that is shameful. In the 15 to 44 age group, melanoma of skin cancer is the second most common cancer in males and the third most common in females. One in 36 females and one in 47 females will be diagnosed with melanoma of skin cancer in their lifetime. Cases are increasing, yet most cases can be prevented if people use high-factor sunscreen. We are in the middle of a cost-of-living crisis, and admittedly not yet this year, but our summers are getting hotter, so there will never be a better time to review the policy of paying VAT on a healthcare item. It is good news that supermarkets Tesco and Asgah have recognised the cost as a prohibitive barrier to people buying sunscreen, and as we heard Jackie outline Tesco have reduced the price of its own brand by 20 per cent, as I called for VAT to be removed, and Morrison's have also pledged to pass on VAT reduction. Removing VAT from sunscreen would not have been possible under EU rules, but it is now possible. Perhaps this is the only benefit of Brexit. In the US sunscreen products have been federally exempted from VAT-style taxes since 2012. In Australia, their exempt provided their market principally for use of sunscreen and have an SPF rating of 15 or more. It is high time that common sense and our duty of care to save lives prevails and those health items are exempt from VAT. I thank again my colleague Jackie Dunbar for bringing this to the chamber and wish Amy Callaghan all the best with her commendable campaign. I look at sun creams, which recommend as their own brand at £3.50, boots own brand at £4, but safety issues it raises with Hawaiian tropic at £14, green people at £25, Alba at £12, tropic at £28, ultrasound at £28 and clinic at £26. So if you look around and look for the best type of sun cream which works most effectively, it's not about price, it's about what's inside it and what's inside it that costs more as you go up on the different factors. Looking at skin cancer, that's what I really want to talk about and this is abnormal cell growth on the outermost part of our skin then, that's the epidermis and what happens is ultraviolet light damages the DNA and triggers mutations and that rapidly spreads. Now it's more pronounced in people with fair skin and people who are more susceptible to sunburn but it doesn't mean it doesn't happen to people of all colours. Having a large number of benign moles and a family history of skin cancer is also a risk factor and we need to also be clear that it's harder to diagnose in people with darker skin and also children under 15 and a lot of that has to do with the fact that a medical school, the only things I saw were from rashes to moles to cancer were on people with Caucasian white skin. There are different types of skin cancer, some are very rare so the three most common are BCC, the basal cell carcinoma which is sort of a pearly white lump, you get squamous cell carcinoma, the SCC and that's a pink lump with a rough or crusted surface and then melanoma which is the most aggressive and dangerous and we've heard that 12,000 people are diagnosed with it annually. About 1,200 malignant melanomas most serious are registered each year and it's important that sun cream isn't just the answer because it's not just about sun cream which is very important but we also need to be sun aware, we need to make sure that we spend time away from the sun especially during those hottest times. We also need to make sure that we're covered up so we wear a hat, we wear long sleeves and though tempting as we don't get a huge amount of sun here in Scotland we do want to go and enjoy it as much as possible, it is that that we need to be wary of. Now what I really want to talk about is how people go about looking at moles, what do they need to do so if you're out then you've got a mole or you're not sure then what I would like you to do is get a ruler and take a picture of that mole. That allows you to have a mole with a line which means if you take more pictures of it we know how big it is. A, B, C, D, E is what we want to be doing, A stands for asymmetry so you want to look to see if it matches, B is the board, is it irregular, is it rugged or blurred and C is for colour, is it uneven or is it the same colour through, D is diameter so it's about the size of five pence piece and E is evolving, is it changing over time so if these things are happening to you we need to be clear that you should present to your GP and your doctor because I think it's time that that gets photographed and sent to dermatology. A small spot can still be very significant so this is very important if you are concerned and this is what the sun causes. We need to limit our use of sunbeds as well. The proposal to remove VAT on sun cream which would cost the public purse around £40 million a year is definitely worthy of further discussion but as I said at the start it's important we all wear sun cream no matter what our colour and we need to spend time out of the sun. People need to be educated in what is important when it comes to the moles that they have and please present to your GP if you're concerned and I declare my register of interest as a practising NHS doctor. Thank you very much Dr Gohani. I now call Ruth Maguire to be followed by David Torrance around four minutes. I congratulate Jackie Dunbar for securing this debate and bringing the important topic to the chamber. My thanks also go to Amy Callaghan MP who's been campaigning tirelessly for the removal of VAT on sunscreen products recommended by the NHS. 16,000 new cases of melanoma diagnosed each year across the UK with 2,300 people dying. 90% of cases of melanoma could be prevented by staying safe in the sun. We heard those shocking statistics from Jackie in opening. However, it is important that those numbers are repeated and highlighted to press home how crucial action, like removing VAT on products, could be in preventing cancer and saving lives. Prevention is what this campaign is about. Sunscreen is often seen as a luxury that somebody buys when they head off on holiday and perhaps you only think about it in Scotland after the searing pain of being sunburn, which has probably happened to all of us at some point and we've maybe even joked about it. However, would we, if we knew and I quote, play Scotland, stay safe? It only takes one blistering sunburn, especially at a young age, to more than double a person's chance of developing melanoma later in life. Education in a young person's life is crucial to their understanding of the world, giving them tools that influence their decisions throughout their life. As parents and carers, we like to be role models for our children and young people, encourage them to drink water and stay hydrated, eat healthily, get outdoors and move around and play, especially when the weather is nice. When we manage to get them off their devices and outside, we teach them not to speak to strangers to be careful of traffic, but we always make sure that they use sunscreen and if not, why not? £3.50 might be cheap on an MSP's salary but, for lots of families, that still impacts on their weekly money that they have to spend. When we talk about being safe in the sun, we know sunscreen alone is not enough with the cost of hats, summer clothes and sunglasses. Cost of families can be significant. Over the last wee while, the cost of living crisis has been high on the agenda. Energy prices have risen, interest rates have soared and people have endured an increase to the costs of their weekly shop. With the Met Office reporting that average hottest summer day is between four and seven degrees warmer than previously recorded, it is vital that families are able to afford to protect themselves and their children. A survey by Tesco showed that 57 per cent of adults think that sunscreen is too expensive. 29 per cent said that they would weight it daily if it was a little cheaper. Nearly a third of parents said that they cannot always afford to apply sunscreen to the whole family, often deciding to apply it just to their children. As we have heard, Tesco has already absorbed the cost of that on all products in their own brand range, meaning a reduction of 20 per cent in the price. I know that Morrison backs Amy's campaign, too. As summer approaches urge families are feeling the pinch with the cost of living crisis, not to skimp on buying sunscreen. Remember that it is not the brand that keeps you safe. Melanoma UK projects over 1,900,000 people in the UK who are expected to be diagnosed with melanoma in 2025. It is vital that action is taken now to remove that on sunscreen so that protection is affordable and easy for young people and families to save lives and prevent cancer. I thank Jackie Dunbar for bringing this important debate to the chamber today. I would also like to express my gratitude to my Westminster comic, Amy Callagham MP, for leading that burn campaign, for the UK Government to remove that from sunscreen products that have significant health benefits. There are 16,000 UK cases of melanoma diagnosed each year across the UK, yet 90 per cent of the cases could be prevented by staying safe in the sun and using sunscreen that is at least SPF 30 with a four star or above UVA protection rating. Skin cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, yet sunscreen products are still subject to that, creating significant barriers to access. Cancer affects so many of us and our constituents' lives. I am making a simple and effective change. Removing that from sunscreen products could have enormous impact on people across the country, now looking for generations to come. The benefit of Scrapp and Barton Scrumpting products is well known, and the UK is a decade behind the US in exempting sunscreen products from that style of taxes. If the last three years of Covid and the last 13 years of Tory austerity has taught us anything, we cannot put a price on our health and at any time when thousands of families across the country are facing incredible difficult decisions regarding their finances, it is clear that making sunscreen more affordable and readily available is a common sense approach that the UK Government needs to take to save lives. No family should feel that they have to forsake sun protection for the sake of cussing costs. According to a 2021 survey, 15 per cent of adults think that sunscreen is too expensive and 29 per cent said that they would wear it daily if it was a little cheaper. Nearly a third of parents surveyed said that they cannot always afford to apply sunscreen to a whole family, often deciding to apply the justice of children, although it is incredibly welcome that some supermarkets have made this decision to absorb the cost of that and to reduce overall price of some sunscreen items. It is essential for the UK Government to recognise that sunscreen is an essential product, not a luxury, and should be treated as sick for that purpose. I join many of other condemning UK Government's response to a campaign. The argument that a Government funding would reduce if that and sunscreen products were scrapped is almost laughable, considering the estimated cost of skin cancer to the NHS as £100 million. To put this into perspective, less than 0.5 of revenue generated by a treasury from that comes from sunscreen products. It is also massively disappointing that the UK Government has placed responsible for these issues on retailers. Many of whom are small businesses and individuals, many of whom are suffering as a result of a cost of living crisis. The UK Government previously committed to reviewing that on sunscreen products, and I join others in their calls for a Government to consider its commitment once again. I also very much support the second component of the That Burn campaign, which is the proof of education and awareness around skin protection and sun. It has made a skin cancer awareness month where prevention, detection and treatment of skin cancer takes centre stage, and this debate today is helping to give the important topic of political attention that it deserves. Research from Mellonville Focus shows that 35% of Scots really are never used sunscreen when in the UK, with only 15% always using it. This is despite the fact that 44% of Scots report getting sunburn at least once per year. We have seen record temperatures in recent years as climate crisis make us more susceptible to heat waves and intense periods of direct sunlight. As we reach a warmer months, raising awareness of skin cancer prevention and symptoms is absolutely essential. I am proud of a number of the news that Scotland has introduced such sunburn regulations, improving sun awareness education to thousands of pupils and increasing the number of clinical nurses and specialists in skin cancer, including in Victoria hospital in my constituency. Thanks to the Tylers and other work of researchers, the NHS and medical profession, campaigners and cancer charities these initiatives have made a tremendous impact on the way we approach skin cancer and prevention awareness. In conclusion, it is clearer as much more has to be done and the contributions to this debate have highlighted just how much support that burn campaign has across all areas of Scotland. It is our duty to make these products more accessible and affordable to our constituents. I am reassured to see that the Scottish Government's priority to improve the experience of outcomes for people affected by all cancers across Scotland. With the UK Government's support of a blackburn campaign, we can continue to improve the lives of people affected by skin cancer and their families and loved ones. I thank Jackie Dunbar for bringing this really important debate to the chamber. It is right that we debate this topic this evening because it is important that we consider this campaign and discuss all options that allow people to be safer in the sun. As the motion states, the vast majority of melanoma cases could be prevented by staying safe in the sun, so it is critical that we are always raising awareness of the key components of good sun safety practice, such as being mentioned wearing clothes that provide some protection, finding shade and taking extra precautions if, for example, you have many moles. I would like to also add that it is only right when we debate in this chamber that we take the opportunity to look at where the Scottish Parliament has legislated in the past to tackle the incidence rate of skin cancers in Scotland. People may know that a former Labour MSP and Presiding Officer of the Parliament, Ken Macintosh, delivered legislation that directly addressed the lack of clear and visible warnings surrounding the use of sunbeds, which we know has direct links to skin cancer, sunburn and other skin-related conditions. That was important then, and it remains so now. Possibly even more so, given that, through analysis into Britain's high streets, businesses such as tanning salons are concentrated in areas of the country that already have high levels of deprivation and perhaps target some of our specific communities. It is really important that we get a chance in this chamber to discuss those broad issues. I was wondering if Carol Mock was sharing with me, first of all, apologising for not bringing this up on my speech. Unions have done a huge amount of work to ensure that sun creams are used as part of the PPE in a lot of workplaces. I was wondering if the member would join me in thanking them for all the hard work that they have done with that. I am sure that the member will understand that the next part of my speech addresses that particular issue, so it is a very welcome intervention. The role that employers play in protecting employees—we all agree, particularly those who work outdoors during periods of high temperature—cannot be understated. During last year's heat wave, the TUC and the STUC rightly called on employers to provide sun cream in advance of the need for protection from the sun when employees were working outdoors. Indeed, from a workplace perspective, the TUC argued that sun cream was PPE and should be considered, although it is within the rights of an employee to refuse to take up the offer of wearing PPE. In this case, sun cream, for whatever reason, should remain the case that employers are fully expected to still make that offer to the wider workforce. Often, when we think about the times of someone who may be at the highest risk of damaging themselves in the sun, we think about being on the beach or being overseas, but the NHS rightly advised the public that they can burn in the UK even if it is cloudy, as we have heard, and sunburn, as we have heard, increases the risk of sun cancer. We must always be aware of the risk, no matter where we are, and no matter what the way there is. Therefore, it is absolutely right that we debate tonight the matter and that we look at all the avenues, including the campaign that has been spoken about today. I thank Amy Callaghan MP for the opportunity to discuss this in the chamber. We can and we must do better for people. In concluding, my party and I fully appreciate and acknowledge the importance of protecting skin from the sun. In the place where we have the power to do something, we should always make sure that we do what we can. We must increase awareness, and everybody tonight has done that. I thank you again for bringing the debate to the chamber and to all the speakers this evening. I thank Jackie Dunbar for bringing this important issue to the debate in the chamber this evening. I would also like to lend my support to our colleague Amy Callaghan for her very important VAT burn campaign, which is to remove VAT from the sunscreen of SPF 30 and above. It is timely that we are debating this this month, because skin cancer awareness month has been mentioned by some other speakers this evening. Despite what many might think, this is one of the sixth most common cancer to be found in Scotland. It is right that we take this opportunity to raise this issue, to discuss it, and we have taken the opportunity to do that this evening, covering such issues as medical things to look out for and different brands and so on.  We are so into sunscreen in our house that we spend time discussing the merits of different brands against each other, because not all of them perform or are as pleasant to use as others. However, sunscreen is not a luxury item, and that is why I support this campaign. It is very important to use sunscreen, especially for children, as we know that one very serious burn as a young child can seriously increase your risk of going on to develop skin cancer later in life. I think that this is a good opportunity to talk about sunbed use. I know that some members of my family have become very addicted to using sunbeds, and I know that that is far from rare in Scotland. I think that there is a dilemma there. Obviously, the weather that we have in Scotland is very popular at the moment, and many people like to look tanned. The reason for sunbeds being so popular in Scotland is that, because it contains some of the rays that you would naturally find in the sun, it can give people a bit of a boost to their mood. That is why one of the reasons is that they are popular in Scotland. We need to remind people that sunbed use and overuse of sunbeds can be an extreme risk factor for going on to develop skin cancer of one type or another. We have made mention of the weather so far, and it sometimes seems like the latitude that Scotland is at is that we very rarely see the sun, and when we do, we want to rush out and enjoy it. That is the right thing to do. Being in the sun can make you feel better, as we have discussed, but it also allows your body to generate vitamin D, which is obviously a very important vitamin or even a hormone that is sometimes described in your system that can help people to remain at optimum levels of health. We have seen over the past several decades at least that many Scots are now seriously deficient in vitamin D. I wonder if that is at least partly because we have significantly moved away from what would have been that traditional Scottish diet, which, certainly in my mother's generation, was very heavy on oily fish that used to eat herring very regularly, and that has obviously got a large component of vitamin D in it. However, it is quite difficult to get all the vitamin D that you need from your diet, so it is important also to expose your skin to sunlight, but I must stress not to the point where your skin burns or becomes pink. Most of us will know at what point that is and how many minutes that takes, but if you are interested, you can go online and check the various different skin types. You can see where your skin type falls on that and how long it might be appropriate to expose your skin without suns being over to retain some vitamin D into your system. The important message is to get outside and enjoy the sun. If you can exercise while you are doing it, it is so much better. Do not burn yourself. Sunscreen is obviously very important and not a luxury item, and I support that very important campaign. Thank you very much, Ms Reagan. I now call to any minute to respond to the debate minister for around seven minutes, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and thank you for everyone's contributions to the debate. It is a privilege to respond to this debate as Minister for Public Health and Women's Health. I would like to thank my colleague Jackie Dunbar for bringing this motion to the chamber today and also welcome Amy Callaghan to the chamber of our Scottish Parliament. I am very much for driving this campaign not only here in Scotland but also in Westminster. As others have done, I want to praise Amy Callaghan for using her personal experience with skin cancer to campaign for that to be removed from sunscreen products. Now, I am old enough to remember the campaign Slop Slap, or perhaps it is simply because I am a Peely Wally Scott with blond hair who burns easily that it stuck with me. As Amy Callaghan referenced in her debate in Westminster, this campaign originated in Australia and New Zealand and it was aimed to reduce unhealthy sun exposure by slipping on a shirt, slopping on sunblock and slapping on a sun hat. The Scottish Government recognises how important tackling skin cancer is. As others have said, malignant melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in Scotland, affecting over 1,000 new individuals each year. This is excluding non-melanoma skin cancers that are of course much more common with over 12,000 cases registered in 2019. To my colleagues here today, thank you for sharing such important contributions, really raising the profile and informing people about the importance of sunblock and being aware of the impact of sun on our skin. It is great to see such a united front across the parties in identifying the need to support the public in preventing skin cancer. Ruth Maguire highlighted that one bad bout of sunburn doubles the chance. It is not just the sunblock but also the other protections and highlighted the impact of the cost of living on this. David Torrance quite correctly said that we cannot put a price on our health and that we need to take the common-sense approach. Jackie Dunbar has asked to adjust your microphone so that the audio is struggling to pick it up. It is on. You do not want me to start again? No. Jackie Dunbar had a couple of asks from me with regard to writing to the UK Government to make changes or to give us the powers to make the changes. I am very happy to do that. Rona Mackay talked about a higher factor and a higher price—the £40 million that will drop in the ocean in saving lives, which I absolutely agree with. Sandesh Gullhane gave us a very helpful way for us to monitor any moles that we have with the ABCDE, so I thank you for that. Carol Mockan again raised the importance of raising the profile within the chamber and also the TUC on raising the responsibility of employers. As you said, we can and we must do better. Ash Regan, I thank you for highlighting the importance of vitamin D. I know a lot of people that suffer from SAD, but I also thank you for ensuring that it is done safely and the online checklist to check the length of time that you can stay with some block on. As you are aware, cancer remains a national priority for the Scottish Government across NHS Scotland. We are developing a new ambitious 10-year cancer strategy to launch very shortly. We conducted a public consultation on what its aims and principles should be and there was general agreement on priority areas, including placing an emphasis on the role of prevention. The new strategy will take a comprehensive approach to improving patient pathways from prevention and diagnosis through to treatment and post-treatment care. Its vision will be supported by a three-year action plan. We know that, and that has been said in the debate. We know that the earlier cancer is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat. That is why the Scottish Government has committed to raising awareness of all forms of cancer, including melanoma, through our detect cancer earlier programme that we continue to invest in. You might have spot the early bird posters across Scotland and short videos that I would ask members to share on their social media if they have not already. Work to develop a new earlier cancer diagnosis vision in Scotland that will outline the future of the detect cancer early programme is nearing completion. That vision will form part of the new cancer strategy. The programme helps to ensure those with suspected symptoms of cancer are put on the right pathway at the right time. Our aim is to reduce later stage disease so that cancer, when detected, is more likely to be curable. We know that melanoma is often detected early and contributes to its high five-year survival rate of over 90 per cent, and we hope to continue that trend. However, the ideal is to prevent cancers in the first place. It is possible for only some types of cancer, but reducing risk factors to help prevent cancer is one of our new ambitions. As that motion recognises, the risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers are increased by exposure to ultraviolet or UV radiation, both natural sunlight and tanning lights. As Carol Mocken said, the Parliament introduced legislation by prohibiting the use of sunbeds by those under 18 years old, including a requirement of proof of age. Secondly, the act states that written health information must be provided to any person before using a sunbed. Thirdly, it prescribes the content and form of notices to be displayed in sunbed premises. I encourage anyone who is considering using a sunbed to consider its implications and the higher risk of skin cancer it produces, especially among those under 25 years of age. When enjoying the outdoors, as Ash Regan talked about, the best way to enjoy the sun safely and protect one's skin is to use shade, clothing and sunscreen. Sunscreen does not protect completely from sun damage on its own, however, it can be useful for taking care of the parts of skin not under shade or cover. It is important to highlight the importance of using a sunscreen with at least SPF 15, if not higher, and with four or five stars. As members of the Parliament have said in this debate, the power to set value-added tax or VAT rates remains reserved to the UK Government. I echo my colleague's call on the UK Government to remove VAT on sunscreens with the sun protection factor of at least 30 and those with at least a four star UVA protection rating. As I have said before, I will write in as a result of this debate to the UK Government. As Amy Callaghan stated in February this year in Westminster, removing VAT from sunscreen is not a radical idea. In fact, when asked, most people are surprised, if not shocked, that VAT is charged on sunscreen. I believe that this simple but necessary act is one of common sense, emphasising to the public, as Ms Callaghan has said, the importance of using sunscreen as a sun safety measure. In closing, I would like to thank again all those who have spoken to support our fight against cancer. I want to reiterate to members and those who are watching the debate that the Scottish Government is enduring commitment to reducing the burden of cancer in Scotland through a wide range of actions from preventing the onset of cancer and detecting it earlier to strengthening our treatment options and providing wider supportive care. Thank you very much Minister. That concludes the debate and I close this meeting of Parliament.


Okay. Ready. We need your help. When you six countries are murdered in conflict and dozens more are recovering from violence and upheaval. But there's no shortage of incredible women who are building peace. Help us showcase a woman working in a country affected by conflict or crisis. A woman who is committed to a more peaceful future by peaceful means. A woman who is leading by example.  Visit usip.org slash womenbuildingpeace to nominate an extraordinary woman. The winner will receive the inaugural Women Building Peace Award and travel to Washington D.C. to be honored at the U.S. Institute of Peace for her incredible work.


Mae'n dweud am y dyfodol meddwl y tuwgfodd y maesial o adrodd argyfan cyflymau a ffordd o ffordd o'r ddiolch yn y cyffredinol, ac mae'r ddiolch yn ddwyliadol gan ddwydol i'r sgwrsau sy'n rhai amddangos, sy'n gwybod am ddwyliadol, ddwyliadol i'r ddwyliadol a ddwyliadol i'r ddwyliadol argyfrifiadol. Yn ymgyrch yn ei wneud i gael cael ei fod yn bwysigol yng Nghaerweddol, i'r mhelydau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau. Felly sefydluwyr i gael arall ei ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau i ddechrau. Helo Mae Wachbaughns, dyma'r cofnoddio'r greserau ym Mhelydd i Newsyllad, Debra MacGregor, who holds a Canada researcher in Indigenous environmental justice. The other members of our team, one of whom is here is Tula Branaghle— it's a bit nervous for me. Tula is at Bournemouth University and she has been involved in several Indigenous and non-Indigenous research partnership projects. There is also Chris Darlington, who is a communications expert and Olivia Hicks, is a comic artist. An important point is that actually this project built on existing international networking between us, so it didn't just come from nowhere with me contacting people I didn't know and I didn't have established relationships with in response to a call from a funding agency. The production of the resources is a grant under the UK research and innovation known as UKRI which is funded by government and our team then applied to UKRI for funding for this project under their international collaboration scheme. Now the context for our project is the Global Challenges Research Fund known as GCRF, sorry about all these acronyms, which is part of the UK government's official development assistance strategy. The funding scheme supports research partnerships between the UK and developing country researchers and it supports them to address a set of defined challenges that are faced by developing countries. So on the one hand the GCRF is aiming to promote what it refers to as, as you can see the last part of the quote there, equitable partnerships between researchers, practitioners and policymakers in both developed and developing countries. On the other hand it's clear where the actual problem identification and the solution expertise for that lies. It is the GCRF that defines what the UK considers Global Challenges. So to go to the start of the quote on this slide it says that the GCRF aims for UK research excellence to be deployed in strategic and coherent way to understand and suggest solutions to the most significant and complex problems faced by the developing world while at the same time strengthening research capability in developing countries. So the knowledge, the expertise and the skills lie in the UK and in the dominant Euro-Western model of research but that model has been challenged by the decolonisation movement and by indigenous methodologies. So a context for our GCRF, for GCRF as a scheme itself and for our programme is that for indigenous and non-indigenous research partnerships there are these historical, there is this context of historical and ongoing colonisation. So historically there's been mainly western migration to and settling on indigenous lands and settlers have ruled over and oppressed indigenous peoples and we have been and are appropriating and profiting from indigenous peoples resources and knowledge at the same time as we are denigrating indigenous cultures and knowledge. Having an academic indigenous and non-indigenous research partnership can actually perpetrate that exploitative relationship. It can be replicated in how the research focus gets defined in relationships between the indigenous and non-indigenous researchers on the research team as well. Now all research methodologies are grounded in the specificities of peoples world views in what we call their epistemologies and what's referred to as a northern epistemology that assigns authority uniquely to knowledge production that is founded in Euro-Western dominant social viewpoints and histories of colonialism. The Western Academy sets the agenda, it constructs the rules by which the world, including the worlds of indigenous peoples, how they are theorised, how they are investigated and how they are judged and that dominant system determines what is knowledge, what gets, what are legitimate research questions and what are legitimate answers. And it assumes that this version of what counts of knowledge and how it should be best be formed, that applies universally. But the epistemology originates within and it sees from what we call a global north point of view. And the imperial sort of cultural paradigm, the processes of this global north from which these abstracted claims of university are springing, but it's invisible, we don't see it as being there. Moving on to think about southern epistemologies, they are rooted in actually in the societies and the peoples of the global south. They detach what counts as knowledge and how it's produced and how it's used, the attempt is to detach it from imperialism and challenge power structures. So southern epistemologies are acknowledging that knowledge is diverse, it's evolving, there are sets of intellectual traditions and the methodologies that are associated with this are contextualised, they aim to be non-extractive ways of finding out about the world. So in contrast to the northern epistemology, southern epistemologies ways of thinking can advance plural, conceptual and spiritual approaches to knowledge and to the ethical process of inquiry. And the reason they do this is to understand what are the constellations of oppression and the injustices that stemmed from colonialism, what are the struggles and the resistances to them and what are the social and environmental processes and relations and transformations that are alternative. So if we're going to create a space for valuing southern epistemologies when we are actually pursuing these indigenous and non-indigenous research partnerships, then what we need to do is to work at deconalising both the research and the researchers. So deconalising research is about actually dismantling the distortions, the erasias in global northern epistemologies and methodologies and how researchers are positioned within that. And you see you're trying to dismantle that and then open up new forms of knowledge beyond the European, Western modes of research. The colonising researchers involves actually challenging our assumptions, challenging our position, trying to free ourselves up from these underlying global north academic culture and to offer alternative ways of understanding the world that relates to indigenous peoples. Now there is a growing and really vibrant literature on indigenous methodologies. You can see that from these selective examples. There is no one single indigenous research paradigm. It's very richly diverse. Approaches span qualitative and quantitative research methods. They run across a range of social and behavioural and natural sciences. In fact I'd say actually they are beyond disciplines, not interdisciplinary, beyond disciplines. And they embrace a variety of substantive issues. But there are some common foundations I think in trusting relationships, in the need for transparent accountability, and in the aim to actually fundamentally transform the whole nature of research and the research endeavour. So I mean we may think in western dominated mainstream research we do often aspire to be transformative. But we do that often in ways that are defined by powerful interests, government and businesses. And that actually is evident in the global challenges research fund that I mentioned earlier. I'll never get funding again. But indigenous research is actually aspiring to be critical, transformative, to benefit the community or the collective grouping as they define that themselves. And western dominated research is often, when it looks at indigenous peoples, often challenges as being deficit based. It identifies needs and risks and attempts to solve social problems that are identified as challenges as I said by government. Indigenous research though, it might aspire to questions or purposes concerned with well-being, self-determination, sovereignty and rights and so on. So given everything I've just said, why on earth would any self-respecting indigenous researcher want to collaborate on research projects with non-indigenous researchers? So that actually is a question that I ask my indigenous colleagues. Now I could see the benefits to non-indigenous researchers like me because the research partnerships involve you in collegial and appropriate approaches to gaining knowledge about peoples' lives. That can give you a better understanding of a community's needs, about how to meet those needs on the community's own terms. And my colleagues tell me that for indigenous researchers such as them, that having research partnerships with trusted non-indigenous researchers can provide them with supportive allies in addressing contemporary challenges that face indigenous peoples in appropriate ways. And that collaborations also can help to gain respect for indigenous approaches and knowledges. But in order for that to be the case, it is important for researchers to think about their expectations and their practices across the whole research process, which is why we are producing the indigenous and non-indigenous research partnership project, why we are producing the set of online and audio and visual resources. Now these resources do not offer a definitive blueprint, I have to stress that. But what our website does is introducing decolonising ways of understanding and researching, provides this set of resources that can act as prompts to start people thinking about the challenges and the tensions in partnership working. So I'll just take you briefly through what we've posted so far. So there is an audio resource where our project team are discussing good and proud practice in indigenous research and non-indigenous research collaboration. We're producing illustrations to accompany the discussion, they aren't quite finished yet, but there's a draft of one up on the PowerPoint slide there. As you can see the world is turned upside down. In the audio team discussion we cover how indigenous researchers will be stepping outside their comfort zone in working partnership with indigenous researchers. We cover the legacy of colonialism and how that continues to impact on the way research is undertaken on indigenous communities. We discuss the dangers and the risks that are inherent in researchers from predominantly western backgrounds trying to enter into partnership with indigenous researchers and people. So what are indigenous researchers experience of this? We talk about the lack of information on partnership working that's available to non-indigenous researchers. The methods and approaches and what works, what doesn't in an indigenous context and what good collaboration looks like. How collaborations start, evolve and lead to research that can benefit indigenous communities. So I'm hoping to play you a brief, we always say that, we've got anything that's involving technology. I'm hoping to play you a brief clip where Chris, who is our communications producer, asks me and Helen about the risks that are involved in indigenous and non-indigenous research partnerships. I'll say that actually making this recording was this massive endeavour because Helen is in New Zealand, Deborah is in Canada, me and Tula are in the UK and we actually probably had about an hour where we were all awake at the same time. So we are in the process of producing a comic as a visual resource that people can use in discussion about what effective collaboration would look like. You saw one of the frames from the work in progress comic on the slide that I showed you about epistemologies. Here are some more. The basic story in the comic is that researchers in the UK are collaborating with a Māori researcher in New Zealand and through that they learn what it is to conduct good partnership research that they can't actually rush the project without consulting with and listening to and respecting the knowledge and the input of the Māori community. The story tells about how they went about doing this and working with their co-researcher. Finally we have an ongoing series of blog posts where indigenous and non-indigenous researchers share their experiences. So far we've got blogs on consent and accountability, on the ethics of writing, on care-based approaches and on rights-based frameworks and coming up we've got shortly further blogs including on the concept of co-design, arts-based approaches and third space collaborative projects and hopefully one from Ian as well. So I hope that I have stimulated your interest in the resources that our indigenous and non-indigenous partnership website provides you and I hope that you'll take the time to visit it and find it useful.


Prime Minister Modi is a man whose time has come at the time that India's time has come. The potential of India is enormous and you have now a reformer, a radical reformer, who has the ability to transform it and the popularity to transform it. So I think India and Prime Minister Modi are at a juncture in which there's going to create a tremendous opportunity, tremendous changes in India that are going to be really startling.


We see. Math. We like math. Real xenomorph. Indeed, indeed. We love math. We love math. Welp on the censor to when we got it. First time on live and it's math. Yes! Man, math is heaven. Really. Math is pure. Math is beautiful. Math is brilliant. Math allows you to meditate, relax. Math doesn't have any societal BS, any social norms. Math is absolute. It is just relaxing. Peter on censor to salute, salute.


Welcome to Data Doctors' Video, Suggestion 801, Big Profile, Caution. This video is for advanced users familiar with sourcing, biography content, and creating named inline citations. This index lists beginning times of each segment so you can fast forward to any of particular interest. Caution 801 is caused when a profile has over 100,000 characters. These are very long biographies and could be simplified. Specific problems are multiple copies of the same text, error when importing a JETCOM file, or the whole family tree is added to one profile. Here is the suggestion report for James Madison Armstrong. It lists three suggestions. 571, Find a Grave, is used as a reference, but no memorial link was given. 801, Big Profile. The Info column lists 125,654, the number of characters in this profile. And suggestion 835, Local Reference File, the Info column of which is too long to show in its entirety. Suggestion 835 means this profile links census record photos to a personal computer. WikiTree does not support such links and no one but the profile manager can see the photos. These links either need to be removed, linked to an online source, or images with no copyright issues added to the profile. Here is the public view of James Armstrong's profile. It was created by a JETCOM import and has 89 references, several of which repeat large quantities of text. These 89 references are based on only eight sources, which means named inline citations need to be created. Both the photos and find a grave issues will be resolved when named inline citations are made. Click on Edit. In the Edit text box, copy its contents and, because of punctuation issues, paste to a text file, such as notepad, rather than a word file. This will allow you to organize the text easier and keeps the original data intact. I have 35 pages of text. Let's start with the two notes subheadings. One in the biography section and one in sources. The one in biography should be the last subheading, so move it to below the married subheading. Now to lessen confusion, move the one from the sources section to the one in biography. This leaves us with only one notes subheading. Move the interview from notes to just below the biography heading and create its own subheading. Return to notes and delete the duplicated obituary, as it is elsewhere in the profile. The medical note is already given in his obituary, so delete it here. The remaining note is also similar to the obituary, with only a few sentences of new information, which are highlighted. Save that, but delete the repeated text. The notes subheading should now look like this. Turn your attention to the sources section and the eight references listed. Highlight them for easier organization. Where possible, use free site sources instead of paid site sources, such as seen here. I have found five census records and a find-a-grave record on free sites. Please note that the find-a-grave source needs the wikitree template added. The find-a-grave source resolves the issue with suggestion 571 noted earlier. The other two references are an interview record and one reference for two newspaper obituaries, one for James and one for his wife. I also found two marriage records, which I will add to the profile. Now that the sources are organized, let's work with the biography section. Just under the biography heading, delete all text surrounding the references tags, including the tags. Move the remaining JEDCOM import text to a new acknowledgments heading. This goes below the sources heading. There are 11 subheadings, two of which can be deleted right away. The user ID from another site and the date changed are irrelevant. Of the nine remaining subheadings, determine which source supports each fact and check for any discrepancies between the sources and the biography. There is one block of text that needs moved to notes and two that need moved in the biography to their own subheading, which we will create. First, there is a discrepancy in the marriage subheading. A case file is listed in relationship to mother, but not in the sources section. It would be better given as a note since it pertains to James's mother, Celinda and her children. Move it to the notes subheading. Second, move his newspaper obituary from the death subheading to below the interview and create its own subheading. Third, move his wife's newspaper obituary from the marriage subheading to below his obituary and create its own subheading. Of the remaining, name, birth, death, burial, census, residence and marriage, delete all sources beside them. In the marriage subheading, delete relationship to father and relationship to mother for all children. This is unnecessary repeated information throughout the profile and each child already has their own profile. Also, delete date changed under each marriage. The cleaned biography section should now look like this with subheadings and facts, but no sources yet. It should be noted here that since the local reference file photos were all of U.S. census records and images of the same are found with links to family search, suggestion 835 has now been addressed. Go to the sources section and begin moving the sources to their appropriate place in the biography section. Delete the span tags. Move the interview source to its subheading in the biography section. Move his newspaper obituary source to the obituary in the biography section. Be sure to add the date, page and column information. Create a named inline citation, in this case obit1, since there are two obituaries. Paste the named inline citation beside the name. Don't forget to add a forward slash to the end of that reference tag. Copy that to facts, death and residence. Move his wife's newspaper obituary source to her obituary in the biography section. It will be the same as his except for the date, column and page. There is no need to name the citation since it is used only once. Move his find a grave source to death. Create a named inline citation F-A-G for find a grave. Copy and paste it beside the facts, birth and burial. Be sure to add a forward slash at the end of the references tag in birth and burial. Move all census records and marriage records to their places in the biography section. Once all sources have been moved, the sources section should be empty except for the references tag. The biography section should have each fact sourced at least once with proper use of named inline citations. The notes subheading should be the last one in the biography section. The sources heading is next with the acknowledgments heading at the end. Copy your work and paste it over the edit page in James's profile. Click on preview and take your time to study the profile. Are there any sources not numbered? Are there references in the biography not listed with the sources? If you're sure everything looks right, go to the middle of the profile page and explain your changes. This is strongly recommended for all wikitree users and is required for data doctors. For me, I identify myself as a data doctor. Copy the suggestion number and name and explain what I changed. Save your work. As an interesting note, the profile has been reduced to 17,113 bytes. That is almost ten times less text and much more interesting to read. Return to the suggestions report and on the far right, click on status. On the next page the suggestion status report. Make sure your wikitree ID is showing. Of the five status options choose one. In this case, correct it. Since we have also resolved the other two suggestions, click on their related suggestion boxes as well. Leave a comment from the comment tense or make one of your own. Click the update status button. The last screen shows the status history has recorded your changes. And you're done.


I'm Kevin Wensel, HP's Technical Marketing Manager for Consumer PC's. The machine I got to show you today is the world's first Chromebook using an AMD CPU. Now that doesn't mean a whole lot to most users, but up to now we've only used Intel and ARM. And I ask myself, why not AMD before now? It's a very capable processor, we're giving great performance, and we're able to build a 14-inch Chromebook at only $269 as a starting price. It's got full-size keyboard, a 14-inch display available with HD or full HD, touch or non-touch, and touch displays on Chrome are getting really popular today, because Chrome, of course, can run all of the Android apps, and many of those apps are touch-based. When you have a touch, does it take away some of the visibility and the layer of the screen? You get some kind of reflectiveness happening. You don't see an issue on the screen with touch, the only thing you lose is a little bit of battery life, but really not even much battery life. A little bit of glare or battery life? Battery life. So not extra glare a little bit? No, not really. So 269 is without touch? 269 would be an HD display without touch. Only a few dollars more and you can get the full HD display with touch. So maybe a 299 or 319 or something? Yeah, I'm not sure exactly. And then you have Type-C? For connectivity, we've got Type-C on both sides, and that's your charging jack. We've got Type-A so you can plug in other devices without dongles. We've got a microSD slot to expand storage easily, and of course headphone jack. And on the other side? On the other side, also Type-C, also Type-A and a lock slot. So all the connectivity you'd really expect in a machine like this. And Type-C can use as an external display? Yes it can. Both of them? Yes. Or just one of them? Both of them. So you can have three displays? Yes. Also both of them can be used for charging. Nice. And using power delivery, fast charging, everything, you can use any... I'm not sure on the fast charging. Okay. All right. And then it's white? We have white and blue as two of the colors. And the idea also, it uses HP's IMR technology on the keyboard deck so it looks like metal although it's actually not, but it feels great. Nice. So it has a nice mouse pad, big one. Yes. You can't ship anything with like a soft car. You wouldn't do it anyway. Google is very, very careful about what they allow us to do in terms of technology, feel all of that on a Chromebook. So we work very closely with Google on it. And battery life is going to be good? Battery life is in the range of 8 to 10 hours depending on your configuration. And it's called AMD A4? Yeah, this is just the CPUs are an AMD A4 or A6. But the machine itself is the HP Chromebook 14.


The question here is about a difficult to spell name. What's my opinion about that? And I always like to use the example of, oh, you have a difficult to spell name. Have you ever heard of Arnold Schwarzenegger? Was he able to get famous and does he care? What's Arnold Schwarzenegger's company name or brand? Is it, did he pick an easier name? Like Arnold the muscle man or Conan, I guess.   No, they Arnold Schwarzenegger. They misspell it on Google and Google knows. It's, you know, ever since spell check was became popular and Googles, did you mean, right? I mean, I'm going to go ahead and go ahead and Google this right now so that you can take a look. All right, here we go. Google Arnold. I don't even have to, right? Okay. But if I typed in Schwarzenegger, I'm just going to type it out, right? Like, it doesn't matter. Google, did you mean showing results for, you know, and people also ask, right? But I would say George, George, say someone Simmons a George cow. I'm actually really curious. I'm probably not going to pop up. Lots of other George cows. But you know what? If someone put George cow marketing, well, that's me. But yeah, there you go. So, but you actually, I invite all of you to try this out, George COW marketing and see if I pop up. And if I pop up, maybe it's on the first or second page of results, please click on my website, because that'll train Google to know, oh, cow. When people say George COW, they mean, they mean this guy. But see, that's what happens is if your name is hard to spell, I think, yes, you can, you can, you can go, you can go into the strategy of coming up with some clever, easy to remember brand.  I have authentic marketing, I have, it's like each one of your offers, if it gets big enough, is its own brand. So you can certainly, but my overall, overall brand, I think the safest, most longest lasting future-proofed overall brand is your name. So I really, because I've seen people say, well, my name is hard to spell, George COW, and so I'm going to say, I'm going to call myself George San Francisco life coach, which is terrible, because I'm about to move out of San Francisco, right? It's totally not future-proof, or George, the life coach for retirees or something like that, like that maybe that, and then, guess what, three years later, I decide, you know, I actually really want to work with teenagers. Darn, I already have this brand that's, so like forever, I will be, I probably won't change my last name or first name. So please, I would say, my recommendations, your overall brand, stick with your name, no matter how hard it is to spell, because people, so let me give you some more, some more insight on this. If your name is hard to spell, guess what, you have the opportunity in every podcast interview, in every video to speak to say, all right, my name is George COW, I've done this all my life. That's why I know what I'm talking about. My name is George COW, that's spelled K-A-O. I say that as often as I can, and guess what, then the audience go, wow, this guy was great, K-A-O, remember that, remember that. The irony is that if you're, if you're hard to spell name, if you help them spell it whenever possible, they will keep practicing it. And by practicing it, they literally remember you better than someone whose name is, if my name was George Smith, don't forget me, because they don't have to practice smelling Smith. They know how to say, I was like, who's that guy's name? But if they practice going K-A-O, K-A-O, they practice twice, now they're much more like their brains, much more like they remember my name than something else. So yes, help your audience, whenever possible, practice spelling your name. Okay, so that's, and then I have one other thing to say about, right, so some social media profiles allow you to have like a maiden name or an alternate spelling of your name. I think Facebook does, maybe Instagram does, or so you could use those fields to put a common misspelling of your name. I think that's a good idea too. And also, but if you don't have that field in a particular profile, in the description of the profile, you could put the common misspelling of your name, and that way it's easier to find you. But ultimately, the people who are meant for you, the people who somehow match with your energy signature, they get drawn to you for some reason, maybe the topic you talk about, the combination of the topics you talk about plus the way you talk about it, and you're just your overall vibe and your values, they're going to practice spelling your name, they're going to be like, God, this person's name is really unique. Oh, it's not, oh, it's not Simon, it's Simeon. Okay, they're going to notice those things. And they're going to, by, by note, by squinting their eyes and noticing the misspelling, it imprints on the brain more powerfully than if your name was the regular spelling of Simon Smith or something like that, that's going to just wash over them. But oh, yeah. Oh, it's Simeon, not Simon, got it. Oh, it's, it's Smythe, not Smith. Oh, it's interesting, right? The impression in the brain. So, and like, help them practice, use those alternate fields when you can, and just keep growing your brand and audience. And people, I promise you one day you will be like Arnold Schwarzenegger. So I hope this is helpful. And I have an actual example right now. I'm I'm happy to show you someone who was live on the call with me right now and gave me permission to do this. So their name is Tamsin Young. And I'm going to misspell it. Okay, Tasmin Young. Okay, I'm going to press enter. This is a misspelling. Google already knows. Oh, did you mean Tamsin Young? And is this the person? Yes, this is the person that I'm talking about.  That makes more sense because Tamsin sounds more like Yasmin. So that makes more sense. So yeah, but like I said, a typical misspelling of the name, Tamsin Young, I'm going to try that too. There you go. See, Google's smart enough. Come on, don't give Google a little bit more credit for this stuff. But yes, so I hope that helps us as a real example right now.


Nga liya pandani kuna marafiki zako The big people from the government na piya watu kwenya industry Na piya kuna jamam moja na juli kana kama kasi poli Nga ni kwa palenda ni amewlizwa kama na jua angoma za kiyarji Aka kwa haju, ni keta kaku jua alifika jia pa uli moa lika Ama Na jua labdia mi wijakula Sasa na jua kuna trafautia watu anata kuskiza muziki Kuna mi gina naka wijakulewa Kuna mitu labdia na kiriostiti na mi mifanya aku jia pa Aji ulize na kiyarji ni niya na fanya na aku jia labdia kuchunguza ilia kwenya udakwa kwa Kwa tra mi ku jia pa kwa niya trafautia But all in all ni kwa sabbe mafanzu hangu Mafanzu are conscience Tenawa juia atarudi tena april May Ataku jia tena show up na fanya high school reunion tour So those are the main key points that you'll remember as the public Mi mifanya ngaoma Tua kutuzingati ngaoma Time bomb Ina drop Friday san niya subui Lewa ni re-listening party Exclusive ya watu anko karibu Na marafiki na jami Kitu ingine Coshes is coming back for high school reunion tour That's why We have to focus on music Let us not focus so much on side shows Awa wenda wazim juwa wenda wazim wetu Misha tu siya juwa wenda wazim nani Na watu wakuna akili timamu nani So ustaki kuku kwa yo grupiwa wenda wazim Skiyem pa Hi guys, I hope you doing well And guys we are here for the listening party of Kierji the Doll As you can see ina se mekana kama The bomb we all can't wait to see A metu ta arishi anini Yei nana conscience Anyway, Kierji, wukovipi Best in the world Wukoviti? Kabi sir Ah anyway, every time we Wukovipi na pasto wona nakametulia Nalini si kwa kuzali wa lini badde Nmela wkwa mzeo zeni wu to live Wao anyway, Kierji, today being your birthday Anapia ni listening party ako yangoma mba umi fanya na conscience Maybe you can tell us, is it something yangoma umi fanya Ami me happen to coincidentally Uka launch during your birthday Ni everything na juwa nina kwa nga premeditated In my world, nina kwa nga me panga almost everything So nana juwa Inu collab wanya imechu kwa kama two years Nmema kwa jasana Ya kwa sabudu li fanya nga maingine Tuka skendika hai kuli sa'i Tuka tulia Tuka panga tena Tuka fanya ingine So inu yangoma yaka maia tatu Tuka semasa sa'i tu koshuana mzee Tuchetu wa pigia machu Ok, how do you know im koshuana mzee? Unu jo ma fans lu wawa na mwa Kama nga maita kula maita kula Ma fans wanya ni meskilisha yungoma wale Inu sako amesha petisha So inu certified Ndo kama natu me amo kufanya kitukuba Sa ile watu wana nga ika kabisa ni Tuna juwa dunia inu chomek Naki ni bugak amo kufunja benki Ile mkudja mo enjoy Nga pia mo angadia Lafpia ni anada milestone kwa kariya yungo Wasabu for the longest time Min mwa nga ni kijuwa mi ni mkali But sikuga radik fanya music ile full-time as a business So sasuna sasa ii mwaka Nga kabisa roundi ni mbaia As inu juwa tuwe ni mba Ni mbaia sasa Nda separate boys na men Asa wale wanya ni ma boy Uwa juwa tu ni ma boy Jusa mi ni mzee buga Wasikili zetu isa uti Naki abiji kwa goma za kuzote Tu muna umetu angoma kaza Mbili utofa utiga ni upo kwenye huwe Mbili vasudali ni me uskiwa Ni wimbom kali san apia the video is late Utofa utiga ni ununa umeka kwenye hingoma Saba ume mzee makuwa ningoma Kali sana ningoma mbaia uiko different apart from those zingina Nadani Nimeji express beta In mydansal capability Npia anime represent pia mutras Dya angusha mbogi Naka nyamunata akusiki asa ii Na iwa yuvi asa ii Nde kwa ii angoma Nbili ni mede liwa na Jordi Na fanya fiti na video petuli piga kitu fiti Ya man, so I guess that's the whole point Na fanya mziki standout Ok, umesama umefanya for This is almost the fifth song The third one The third one ii umefanya na conscience Does it mean it's an every time Umu koki spend Amu me kwa tuna good relationship with the artist That's why I come kwa fanya angoma pomoji Um, stuna spending every day So kwa sabu na jama isheitu ni high end So kuspe na that's your part of it The thing is to kwa na chemistry fiti na Na conscience kwa sababu Isambodi mo nyana believe in Kujituma Consistency pia ni mutwa biashara So muki kana mutwa one Whatever you guys are doing, it's benefitting all of us It becomes easier, you know When successful people sit on a round table They don't want to take from each other And to join forces and win together Ok, muki kichela So why is it that maybe you had to do kwa na ii si kuya le Of course it's because you are on a pomoji I can make it a pomoji fan Learn about the day and question about the day Can you imagine? Yeah, yeah So lazimanga kwa na familiar Kana mi piya ni kwa na familiar kuku So kila mutwa represent from each of all the parts But the spirit is kwa pomoji To moongesai Yeah man Ok, speaking of spending Because you must spend every time Sometimes back in 2022 We had a story with Kimya Sanik You paid 700,000 Kenyan shillings For collab That's a lie This time we met That's a lie We were successful at a meeting And we were able to win together We won together We were able to win together We were able to win together We were able to win together We were able to win together We weren't able to do anything together We weren't able to win together And we won together I spoke to him in your timebomb We have separated boys and men What are you talking about? Did you see boys and no men? I used to have a dream I was crying in my youth My children used to go to Dagustan When I was in my youth I used to cry And cry while I was at Christ My children were useless kwa dunia wacha wukwe na amani kido kwa dunia ikona vita ngingi wacha kuna wacha vita na mosa ni Uta tulia kwe liwe Kwa sayo wa chani tulia kwa sabu ni muka, nika na watuangu wa ishima apa Staiki wawana e interview na nani watu wa ishima Kwa se metu na nimi ya kwa umue wu Okay, tukia nge liwa pandani?


So have you launched your own online course yet? Because if you haven't yet, you probably can. The fact that you watch my videos means that you love to learn, you probably have a business or would like to start one and creating and launching your own online course is a really great part of any solopreneur's business model. Because the fact that you love to learn means that you probably would enjoy teaching as well. And the fact that you have a lifetime of experience in many different areas means that you have a lot of options of what you could teach. So in this video, I want to share with you a dozen examples of mini courses, small online courses that are being launched right now by my own students. So you can see the variety of it and hopefully it'll inspire you to get going with launching your own online course. If you keep it simple, it can even be one single session. Yeah, you heard that right. Your online course could be a single 60-minute or 90-minute zoom call. That's it. That's an online course. Why not? And I'll show you and there's at least one example that I'm going to show you. But some of the mini courses are one, two, three, five sessions, but you can definitely do it. So I really hope that this video will inspire you to say, you know what, I'm going to get going on creating and launching my own online course as well. So let's get going. I'm going to share with you the examples here. And if you want to see the examples in more detail, you can go ahead and click on the link that you see in the video description to find this blog post that has all the links for the examples. All right, let's get going. Here we go. Okay, so for example, calming mind for body rejuvenation with EFT, entry-level mini course, learn how to go to a calm place in the mind. Use healthy ways to deal with triggered anxiety and physical symptoms. It's 30 to 40 minutes a day. It's through Zoom. You can join live or watch it recorded later with daily practices and demonstrations to release and shift. So let's take a look at this. So as you can see, this is being launched very simply using a Facebook event page. Guess what? You can also create a Facebook event page. It's not hard at all. Really, it's not as hard as creating a website. Creating a website is really hard to do it well. Creating a Facebook event page is easy to do it well. So Jenny, good job for doing this. This cover image looks great. It could even be a video too for the cover image instead of an image could be a video. So either way, it's great and it's really easy. You know, she just basically you can pay her for the class through PayPal.me link. It's 50 bucks. PayPal.me, if you don't know, do you know about PayPal.me? If you don't know, you should go there today and sign up for your own PayPal.me link. It's so easy to have people pay you through PayPal.me. You could make up a link instantly for how much people should pay you. In this case, it's $50. So and that'll help allow you to buy the course. So yeah, anyway, good job, Jenny. All right, next one, bold boundaries for better balance and introductory course. Get balanced and grounded by setting healthy boundaries in your life. See how cherishing yourself and speaking your truth can lead to more peace and fulfillment.  Awesome. So let's take a look. And this is also a Facebook event page. Like I said, listen, if you're not launching your own online courses, maybe you're making it too complicated in your mind. I launch an online course every single month. I make it really easy on myself. Now, of course, I've been doing it for years so I could do a little bit more sophisticated launches. But for you, you could do it like how Jenny and Donna are doing it with a Facebook event page. Why not? It's being done right now. It's being done right here. OK. And it's so easy to be able to use this. So, yeah, so there you go. Basically, if you want to join, let's see, to join the course. There he is, a PayPal.me link. Again, very, very simple. This one is 25 Canadian dollars. Check it out. Give it a try. Experience the course. See what you think. All right. Let's keep going. So this one is made by someone who has a lot more website building experience. So you'll see a really nicely laid out website for this. But but I wanted to give you examples of different different students of mine with with different experiences in in in in technology. Right. So how to experience abundance through gratitude. Gratitude is proven to bring abundance to so many people. It can do that for you, too. After three years of interviewing 200 inspiring people on the Gratitude podcast, I've put together a course for those who want to learn how to experience abundance through gratitude. Georgian Banta. So let's take a look. And like I said, Georgian has experience creating websites for himself and for other people. So he does a really nice job. He's he's using learn dash, I believe. So he has a WordPress website and he has the learn dash plug-in to deliver and sell his courses. So 35 bucks. You know, you could see, you know, basically it shows you if you're logged in or not really nice image. Good job, Georgian. And you could even, you know, get a sample lesson. This is again, this is probably learn dash, right? Get sample lesson right there. Right. I don't have audio turned on right now. But but you could see basically, yeah. So anyway, I just wanted to show you that real quick. So very cool, right? Five weeks, seven weeks, seven weeks, very nice. So this is definitely more in depth than most of the courses that my students launch. But why not? You could do it, whether it's a single session or seven weeks. It's totally, totally up to you and they all sell. So it's up to you which way you want to do it first. All right. Next one. And Janelle is also an experienced course deliverer. But I want to show you this anyway. Writing the waves, honoring your grief. This is a self-directed five module journey through loss and heartbreak into deep joy using body-based healing techniques, creative writing prompts and stories. So let's take a look. Janelle also has plenty of experience with making her own website and things like that. So it's really, really nice looking webpage here. Yeah. Just be beautifully, beautifully done. Anyway, definitely check it out. So if you click on this, this goes to Thrive Cart is the shot, the e-commerce cart that she's using. And there you go. It looks very nice. Good job. Janelle. All right. Next up, we've got embody your worth. Do you fear layoff, lost your motivation, re-evaluating your work role in this five-part self-paced course you'll gain motivation and confidence to lead your full potential. Get clarity on your purpose and mission to fuel your career passion and guide your decisions. Evolve to keep yourself relevant. Awesome. Let's take a look here. I think this actually goes to Deanne's homepage because she's she's working on a specific page for. Oh, there it is. OK, there's the there's the specific. Awesome. Good job. Deanne looks nice. Yeah, awesome. And and right now it's free. I think it's for a couple of weeks. So some of you are watching this in end of May, early June, and you might still be able to get this for free. But otherwise, I'm sure, you know, it's still going to be worthwhile. Whatever amount she charges. So here it is. And course intro video. Awesome. So the kind of you kind of get started there. Sweet. OK. And in fact, Gemma is a fellow student in my course. So they, you know, she gave Deanne and feedback and testimony already. So that's really awesome. Great. Intro to body wisdom by Angela Ferry, three session course exploring your life experiences, understanding the science behind reactivity. He supported through engaging physical practices to shift uncomfortable experiences and transform your ability to manage life's challenges. Let's take a look at this. This is also on a web page. And there it is. Great. Yep. And awesome. There you go. And it's got some testimonials. Excellent. Good job, Angela. Great. OK. Next one, enhance your vision through iPhone artistry. What's the best camera in the world? Your iPhone or your phone? It's always with you, doesn't weigh more than a pound, fits in your pocket, makes things simple. The freedom it gives you to create is mind boggling. A few people come in, come to the class as artists, but mostly this energized creators. Awesome. Let's take a look at this. This is also on a web page and thirty five dollars. And let's see here, sip and create series. So anyway, check it out. Our email is there. You can ask her any questions or you can add to cart right here. OK. Awesome. Let's keep going. How to fall asleep and stay asleep? Hopefully you're not falling asleep at this video, by the way. Are you a business owner who would love to wake up every morning feeling well rested and energized to start your day? So join this five week course plus mastermind. So in this case, Judy is going above and beyond in offering not just a course, but also like a like almost like a group program. And she also later, as we'll see, she also offers one to one sessions with her as part of the course. Like I think she offers two of them. But anyway, you should probably go go here where whenever you're watching this, you should go here and see what the details are before before we can confirm. So there it is. She has an intro video. I love it. I, you know, if you're going to put together a web page, I really recommend that you do it. You do some kind of short intro video with you as the teacher at the top of this near the top of the sales page, because I've seen that it really does help to help students get comfortable with learning from you and then joining the course as a result. So good job, Judy, with this. Awesome. OK, let's keep going. Marketing and monetization one on one get paid for your skills and talents. You have unique skills and talents now discover how to get paid for them in this 90 minute masterclass. So this is a great example of a single session course. So single session course, check it out. You can definitely do this. Why not if it's a topic that that your audience wants to learn? A single session course is, you know, actually, for some for some people, they're like, oh, great, this is really easy course to be able to take, right? You will learn the basis of marketing and monetizing your passion. You'll walk away from this fun and affordable class with clarity, confidence and a sense of direction. So let's take a look at this. And this is also on a web page and cool. She has a little countdown timer here for when the class starts. So it kind of gives you a sense of, OK, all right, how long do you need? How long do you have before you can make it before you to make a decision on joining this, right? OK, so there's a nice Facebook testimonial kind of image there. So that's cool. And by now it's only $15. So that's really affordable and 100 percent satisfaction guarantee. So nice. Good job, Barra. All right, let's keep going. Introduction to human design for sensitives. It is possible to understand how to manage your energetic sensitivity effectively and with gentleness. Also, learn more about your specific gifts and challenges so you can move towards a more empowered life as a sensitive, simple and potent, self-paced mini course. Let's take a look. All right, so Bing's is using a course delivery platform called Member Vault. Member Vault. And so she's using the Member Vault for her sales page, too. So that's pretty cool. So, you know, nicely described here. There's you can view this module. Let's take a look here. Yeah, all right. Joining it by now. Cool. Good. So there it is. Nicely laid out. Yeah, good job, Bing's. All right. Let's keep going here. Heart consciousness is an invitation to open and heal your heart as humanity prepares to co-create heaven on earth. Each one must be ready to introduce new reality with their hearts open. Create a new picture of reality in line with the true essence's purpose with 5D tools by Gemma of Amiris. So let's take a look. Gemma also has experience creating her website and launching courses. So nicely laid out here. Gemma, good job with this beautiful image and video website. And here it is. Very cool. Very nicely laid out. Good job, Gemma. OK, awesome. Great. All right. And keep going here. Actually, this is the final one. Nonviolent Communication Foundations. In this practical course, we will identify the main blockers and enhancers to connected, peaceful communication. Use your emotional intelligence to improve your relationships through connected and honest conversations. Grow in your ability to face and resolve conflicts by Nati Beltran. All right, let's take a look. Good. So. All right. So this is this course, I think has multiple, multiple payments. So that's why this is a subscribe button. I believe that's the reason. Let's take a look here. Yeah, I think this is probably a single payment. So not to either watching this, you can change that to to sign up or something like that. So but anyway, good job on launching this course. Awesome. So there it is. As you can see, there's such a variety and you can probably. Like I said, very likely launch your own course, too. And by the way, I wanted to also let you know that on this blog post, there is a link to my if you want to join my online support group and masterclass for how to how to do this kind of stuff, how to create, how to launch. Even if you don't even know what topic you could teach at, it's time to join our course. Let us help you figure it out. What topics did you teach? How do you even create the course? How do you launch it? All the marketing, all the technology would cover all that in the course. So if you're interested in joining us, welcome. And you can join the ranks of those who are launching their courses. And I'm going to have another course challenge for the for the coming month. So this is a good time for you to join and, you know, take a few weeks to put your things together to launch the course. Because the way I launch it is very simple. And the way I teach you to launch it is very simple because that's the key.  But you need to start simply to get going with the actual experience because even the first course you launch and teach is going to have, you know, you're going to have to you're going to be learning a lot, even the simplest way you put it. That's why you start simple. You create your own kind of checklist, which, of course, I give you a checklist, but I always recommend people modify it to their own style. And then every time you launch, you just add a little bit more, add a little bit more, add a little bit more to how you launch it. So anyway, if you're interested, join us. Otherwise, I hope you'll take take one of the courses that I just shared with you. And I hope you'll add the online course idea into your business model as soon as possible because millions of people, especially this year, are just getting online to use online learning. Even before this million, tens of probably hundreds of millions of people already learn online and now millions more are doing it. So this is a really good business model. So anyway, I hope you're doing well. And I look forward to seeing if you have any questions or comments below. And in fact, I'm going to give you a chance to add your comments and questions below while I go and take a look at any of the comments for my Facebook Live people. So go ahead and comment below, give me a moment to find those comments. All right. So I see that Gemma and Deanne are both in the Facebook Live. So they're two of the people that you saw in the course listing. So wonderful to see your comments here. Thank you all so much. Thank you also for joining this Facebook Live. Maria, Jenny, Antonio, Susan, Alejandra, Captain. Thank you all so much for being here. And I look forward to your comments and your questions below. All right. Take good care and I'll see you in the next video. For those of you who don't know, I'm George Kau. I love helping people create their authentic business, one that fulfills their heart and soul, allows them to express their gifts and also to do it, to do marketing in a way that feels really good to the heart. So, all right, everyone, I'll see you in the next video. Take care.


Alrighty, so we have some amazing news out of Cedar Point. From what you can tell from that last clip, Steel Vengeance is operating three trains. Finally, so thanks to Ryan Statz from Facebook, we have clips of Steel Vengeance operating three trains as of today. This is fantastic news as original rumors were suggesting it wouldn't start running three trains until Hallow weekend started at Cedar Point. So it looks like they're slightly ahead of schedule. I know there were also rumors that they were given on the okay to run three trains actually quite some time ago, but it was Cedar Point's decision not to yet. And I'm not sure if that is fully true. I don't know much about that, but all I can report is Steel Vengeance is finally running three trains. And boy, will that help with operations. Hopefully Cedar Point can get itself back up and get guests into the park now that they're operating three trains and the lines will kind of simmer down Steel Vengeance. I know a lot of guests and even enthusiasts, biggest complaint about Steel Vengeance was the long wait times. This should help with that greatly as three trains on such a long layout with a long duration will help ease that pain. Now, I don't know if any of you have ridden Steel Vengeance, but Steel Vengeance is definitely one of my top coasters for 2018. And I'm even thinking about making my way back up there before the end of the season to get on this coaster before it closes for the winter. Anyways, comment down below if you've ridden Steel Vengeance on three train operations or if you're gonna ride Steel Vengeance on three train operations before the season ends. And hopefully you enjoyed this video. Give the video a like, subscribe if you haven't and share this video for others to enjoy. Thanks for watching guys. Have a good one. Bye.


Many hazardous materials travel across the state on the railroad but what happens in the event of a chemical spill or derailment? Today first responders received hands-on training in these scenarios. Sarah Winkelman has more. It's a day where first responders from all across the state come together with one common goal. It's about being prepared for any scenario. We talk about an all-hazards approach. In our instance today we worked this morning on an incident involving an hydrosammonia which is a common farm fertilizer. Today we're working on chlorine which is an essential product in purifying drinking water among many other purposes. The yellow placard on the side of the train car shows what chemical is inside. Now the CAT team is heading up to determine where the smoke's coming from. The best part of all this training is we get to work with guys from the other teams across the state and get familiar with them and we do not do a lot of training with them. We usually do a lot of training inside our own city so it's really good to get to know and see other people that we might see on a big incident like this. Members from the railroad emergency response teams, the chemical assessment teams, and the local fire departments all work together to create the best possible outcome if a situation did arise. When it comes to railroads transporting hazardous materials, 99.99% of those arrive at their destination without a release caused by a train incident. It's a very safe way to move hazardous materials over land. Nine of the 11 chemical assessment teams throughout the state participated in today's simulation. We've done over 200 local fire departments throughout the state. We've been to all 87 counties in some form or another to do training so that they can have an awareness level and now what we're doing here is we're taking the next step. By putting everything into action through positive collaboration. So they all get you know the same training, they're using the same equipment but now we're kind of intermingling the teams so they're not working with their own team members, they're working with other teams and it's working all very well. A training this size is the first of its kind in Minnesota. Reporting in Camp Ripley, Sarah Winkleman, Lakeland News. The training center at Camp Ripley will continue to grow to accommodate more complex scenarios. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


When we look at protocols at the transport layer, they are primarily of two types. One is called a connection oriented protocol, which in which case basically there is a connection between the sender and the receiver, you can imagine the connection as a pipe, where first there is the pipe establishment phase, then there is data which flows along the pipe and then there is a pipe tear down phase. This connection oriented protocols are useful when we want highly reliable communication in which the loss is cannot be tolerated by the system. On the other hand, there is also the connectionless protocols, in which case there is some loss which can be tolerated by the system. In such systems, there is no notion of a connection setup or a connection tear down. The examples of these protocols are, in the case of connection oriented, we have TCP which is called transmission control protocol and in the case of connectionless, we have UDP which is called user datagram protocol. Now we will look a little bit more into detail for each of these. Let us consider TCP and let us try to understand what all are the key components of making this work. So what we are trying to establish is there is a sender and there is a receiver and we want reliable communication between them. Now let us talk about TCP. This is a connection oriented protocol and is meant for reliable communication between a sender and a receiver. So before we get into the details, let us try to understand this at a conceptual level.  Now we want to ensure that all these packets reach this receiver from the sender. So what are the things that the network protocol needs to take care of? So as many of you would have thought, one of the things that it has to do is to ensure that there are some acknowledgments, that I have received some packet and there have to be corresponding acknowledgments. As soon as you think of this idea of acknowledgments, the immediate next thought that comes is that we need to number these packets, we need to be able to identify these packets in some way so that we know which acknowledgments have received. So the two key ideas here are segmentation or numbering of the packets and then there is the notion of acknowledgments and retransmission. This is one part of what TCP does.