Good morning. I'd like to call the special meeting of the Board of Public Utilities for the City of Santa Rosa to order. If we may have a roll call please. Here. Here. Statements of abstention by board members. Board Member Mollin. Yes thank you Mr. Chair. I'd like to disclose for the record that I was contacted via my personal email, which I still haven't found out how somebody got my personal email since I've been seated on this body one week, but it was regarding a appeal that is apparently going to be coming before this body of a staff decision regarding private sewer connection on a rebuild on Brush Creek Road and I have neither responded to the representative or done any follow up with staff on this except to say that I look forward to this item coming to the to the board and reviewing all the information at the same time so that's the extent of my contact. Thank you. Thank you. Board Member Dowd. I suspect that the gentleman that tried to get a hold of Board Member Mollin did get a hold of me. He's a friend and acquaintance Tony Cabrera who's a friend and representing the owner of that property and I met to talk about the issues so it divulging that ex parte communication. Board Member Badenford. And I'm just going to interrupt. We can continue to do this but I think we're going to duplicate the process at that time when the item is agendized so it's up to the board members whether they want to go through this exercise again then and now it's but it's it's not relevant to any of the items on the agenda today so I would just advise that it's not a requirement this morning. Thank you. Correct. Any other abstentions? Just for the record I'm going to state that I did meet with Mr. Cabrera also because I may not be present at the meeting in June when this may be come before the board so I have met with him also. All right we have no study session we have no minutes to approve we'll move right to 5.1. Staff briefing on the fire recovery activities. This I'll just briefly know this is intended to provide part of an ongoing update to the board in regards to the issues and activities regarding the water quality issues that have arisen in Fountain Grove as a result of the fire. Specifically today part of what we're interested in is some if you have any feedback in terms of the messaging and Miss Burke may hit on some of the areas where there is some confusion this is a complex issue and still somewhat dynamic in terms of some of the messaging that had been coming from staff so you'll introduce the support that we have in the audience and without I'll turn it over to Miss Burke. Thank you. Good morning Chairman Galvin and members of the board and thank you Director Hornstein for giving that overview of sort of what we're bringing today. One of the challenges we've been faced with is this is a very technical and difficult problem as you all have heard before it's unprecedented so trying to move through the way to communicate with all of our customers not only those that are within the advisory area those that are surviving homes in the advisory area those that have homes to be rebuilt in the surviving in the advisory area those in the burn area outside of the advisory area as well as communicating to the public at large about our water system and the safety and that the water is safe to drink there's a lot of variables and a lot of layers. Investigatory samples are different than regulatory examples and trying to explain all of this very technical information and data and investigation in a way that's easily consumable by the public and also communicating in a way that is frequent enough that they feel like they're getting enough information and being informed has been challenging so we have been working on that quite a bit and I'd like to particularly introduce Mark Milan with data instincts I think a lot of you may know him he's really a recognized national expert on communications especially risk risk management communications I think I'm saying that correctly working on a number of very complicated water supply projects throughout California but also throughout the US and internationally as well so we're very lucky that data instincts is a local forum right in our backyard and we've worked with data instincts over the years on a number of projects in particular they were the outreach on the geysers project which was a very complicated project as well to get through you know a pipeline through a very expensive area of this world so what we wanted to do today is provide an update on where we are with the investigation but we're going to do it through sort of a condensed down version of sort of the new messaging that we're putting forward this doesn't cover everything that we would normally be putting forth to folks but we do want the boards to sort of feedback on you know any any comments on that again it's a condensed version so we're still adding some additional information and things we wanted to cover but we thought this would give you a flavor for where we're going give you an update on the investigation we'll incorporate any feedback you have we'll also be bringing this to the council and working with them as well as as well as doing a number of other outreach in relation to our communication plans and starting to get this word and information out so with that we're going to do a just sort of a brief background and update on where we are and then talk about next steps in terms of rebuilding so let's get started so as everyone knows this is has been an unprecedented issue once we realize that there was contamination in particular benzene has been the contaminant that has been over the MCL and is most indicative of the issue that we're dealing with we pulled together regulatory agencies so state local federal agencies as well as national experts a forensic chemist team to really work with us to inform and develop an investigation including a sampling plan flushing plan and looking at resolution since that time it's been a few months we've done extensive sampling which I'll talk about in just a minute and we have determined what the source of this issue is this was caused by the fire in particular melting and burning of plastics particularly on the private side but also some of our components in the water system as well as smoke set in ash from the fire was got into our water system and contaminated our system so in some cases it adhered to water service lines such as copper service lines and a water service line is the line from the main to the meter in some cases it absorbed into water service lines like HDPE service lines or gaskets in valves and is leaching back out into the water as I mentioned we've we've done a lot to really understand this problem and really do a very thorough methodical investigation we have taken over 4000 water quality samples and we're probably closer to 4500 at this point samples that we've been taking since November and this map in particular shows you the extent of where we've taken all the sampling we have taken a sample we've sampled every single water service line within 500 feet of a burn structure so not only have we sampled extensively in the water quality advisory area but we've also sampled extensively throughout the entire burn area and then we're continuing to sample throughout the entire system to ensure that this area is where we see the contamination and we're not seeing it anywhere else in particular this map also shows sort of the difference of how the contamination is acting in the advisory area we are seeing contamination through the majority if not all of the water service lines as well as we've seen from water quality samples that we've taken contamination is in the water supply that's in that area as well as components we have tested whether it's been pieces of Maine or gaskets or service lines we have seen contamination and some of the system and the appurtenances outside of the advisory area we've only seen contamination in the water service lines to burn homes so urban properties if I wanted to just add one piece that from our investigation there is so much that we've learned and we know there still is stuff that we don't know and that we may never fully understand and we do get questions so specifically a question we do get and we've really tried to understand this is why is this area acting so distinct from the other areas it did have of course similar from at least appearances fire go through as well as similar as far as we can tell and I'll explain what I mean by that in terms of pressure and water loss part of the challenge in trying to understand why this area may be so unique and what occurred is that as you've heard from us very shortly after the fires began we lost power and we also lost our telemetry our remote sensors that give us flow information level information and tanks pressure information throughout the system so it's been very very difficult to try and piece together what occurred today when we're asked what we do acknowledge we really don't know and we may never know and we speculate the current perhaps but there may be others thinking is this is not a result of some different sort of materials of construction I guess asked a lot and we really have not found what early on we thought a very distinct nature of the pressure and water loss in this area we think it has to do with the timing of the pressure loss with the fire going through it and what we mean by that is in some areas perhaps when the fire was initially hitting it they still had pressure which meant the lines that broke were able to flesh out that initial contamination that was formed and in this but this is all speculative in this area perhaps we lost water as the fire and a different sort of timing of pressure versus fire that allowed that contamination to come down into the system but at this point on that issue and that I'm sharing that reflecting both there are things we don't still understand and also it is one question we struggled with and are acknowledging because a lack of remote data we may never fully understand the and be able to provide clarity to that question great thank you so now that we have a thorough understanding from the investigation of what caused the contamination and where we found it we're starting to work on the path towards resolution and the recent information is really showing us some really good news outside of the advisory area where we've detected contamination and what we call first draw investigatory samples which are very conservative samples taking water that's been sitting in a service line and an immediate sampling point and and seeing what those results are we've replaced those service lines and then we've resampled and we have found that that has removed the contamination so guided by that information that's happening outside the service area and we are going to begin looking at and you'll be hearing on your next item replacing the water service lines within the advisory area one of the things that we have found is that the highest levels of contamination are in the water service lines to protect and ensure that the remaining homes were getting the highest water quality possible and really separating out any possibility of connection to that contamination in the service lines we did go through and isolate valves in some cases it's isolating service lines in some cases it's isolating whole courts to really limit any connection between the contaminated service lines and the 13 homes and this graph although I will say this is a graph that we're playing with it's not the one that we're going to use finally because there's some data that doesn't make a lot of sense and I'll explain that in a second but in general the trending that we're seeing is very good news since we did those isolations and continued to flush water and folks removing water these lines which I know are kind of all over the place show the results from the weekly samples that we're taking at the existing homes in the area the top red line is one part per billion and that's the maximum contaminant level so anything below that is regulatory compliance the dotted red line is at point five parts per billion and that's the reporting limit anything that's below that from a regulatory perspective is non-detect but because we can still see underneath point five where we can see we are doing putting those results available so that folks can be aware but those are really trace levels of benzene and so what this graph does show you is that prior to January prior to the isolations that we did in the advisory area we were seeing sample results that were above the MCL since we've done the isolations and have continued to move water and folks are are using water as well it's really good news the data is trending in such a way that it's showing that the contamination has been either in a lot of cases we're seeing non-detects and in some cases we're seeing very low levels one of things I did want to point out is you may see this little weird yellow line I don't even know what color it is in here it's supposed to be yellow where you kind of see this dot up there and dot down below one of the things we're still working through is data management and in some cases folks have asked us to take samples on the private side so take samples from their sinks or from their hoses the of the 13 that are in the advisory area and we've done that so in particular you'll see this is actually a result from a hose bib on the person's property taking it as a first straw for something that they haven't used for months on end and it was still below the reporting limit technically non-detect and then letting water flow through and retaking it and it became truly non-detect so again we're still playing with this graph it's not the graph we're going to use so they did want to kind of point out why it has some weird anomalies in there but we are going to be trending data over time and starting to show that to folks so they can understand that really the water quality that we're seeing in the advisory area is really showing good news so with that data with the results that we're seeing outside of the service area we will be replacing all the service lines within the advisory area to ensure that the surviving homes that remain there are really getting the most protection possible we will be installing temporary activated carbon filters for those folks so that we can then unisolate within the advisory area and return the system to normal operations and continue to sample and understand if the service line replacement solves the issue or if there's other things we need to do in addition as folks are rebuilding should anyone be ready to connect for occupancy prior to us lifting the advisory we will also as needed install activated carbon systems for folks for occupancy and then we're going to continue to sample we're going to continue to flush we're going to continue to implement our plans and the data will guide us the data is going to help us understand what's working where there may be additional issues so we'll really understand once we replace the service lines it really gives us 350 more data points that we can look at to see did this resolve the issue or are there other things we need to look at there may be areas isolated areas where we need to do some targeted replacement and it may be based on the data that we may have to look at full replacement so we're still all options are on the table but really want to recognize that the data is really going to guide sort of staff recommendations on how we should move forward this is to share we are getting some questions as we talk about the activated carbon systems is this going to turn into a permanent solution or is the city trying to save money with this phased approach it's not dominating the the meetings we're having with community folks it's very interesting and you see different perspectives but one is that concern and we're trying to be very clear these activated carbon systems are temporary from a regulatory context they wouldn't be allowed anyway and the full replacement is not off the table this is just a step to fully understand the right fix but some of the direction we're taking is leading to those sorts of questions that are driving a lot of thought and support of how we frame our messaging and context of those concerns so the first phase of starting to restore the system in the advisory area is the replacement of all service lines to the 352 parcels that are in the advisory area there's also some blowoffs that we've seen some contamination so we replace those as well you'll be talking about that at your next item and then it will allow us to unisolate return the water system to normal operations continue to flush continue to monitor and see what the data shows us and then determine if if or what next steps would need to be we are also continuing to work with both FEMA and Cal OES to really look at all funding options so we're looking at all opportunities for funding and also making sure that what we're doing and everything we're looking at is ensuring us to be in the best position to try and get reimbursement from FEMA but we're also doing what we need to do to ensure that we're restoring water quality we've also received some questions about some temporary water supplies in particular for construction and for irrigation in some cases in the water quality advisory area landscapes have survived and folks are interested in irrigating those landscapes and so we have recently developed a path forward for that and we will be sharing that information very soon but it will allow us with appropriate education signage and acknowledgement agreement to set meters for those that want them either for landscapes or for construction at their properties be very clear that this is not for drinking and not for any other purpose than in either irrigation or construction purposes so in terms of next steps we're continuing to refine the message continuing to work on our communications plan and have a number of different ways we're going to be getting the word out we're going to continue to use our social media our website our emails we're doing presentations last night we actually had a meeting with the surviving homes and we have another one scheduled for next week we're looking at various ways to reach out and talk to folks to continue to get the message out as well as continuing to update the board and the council and also working with the press that has been helpful to really reach out we've been working a lot with the press Democrat in particular to try and continue to get the information out in various ways we're going to continue to work with our expert team on how we're moving this forward and developing criteria for looking at you know this initial phase and what if any future phases should be to resolve the issue we're continuing to look at ways that we can expedite anything in relation to resolving this whether it's expediting service line replacements to expediting how we procure and install activated carbon filter systems for the surviving homes and then we're continuing to look at all options for funding and ensuring that we can be in the best position to hopefully be reimbursed and if you have any questions or folks are needing more information we are always posting updates on our website and that's srcd.org slash wq advisory and if there's questions about rebuild you can go to Sonoma County recovers org so that's just a small snippet flavor of sort of where we're going and happy to answer any questions and also happy to get any feedback from the board thank you for the presentation that I think provides some clarity for those of us that are getting questions from the public so that's great board member doubt I have questions coming from it quite a few different perspectives if you looked at that map in the whole area I lived in that area in three different homes and over 22 years and built many homes in that area of my former company so I have a lot and I have a lot of friends who happen to live in that area both people who purchase my company's homes as well as mutual members of found growth golf and athletic club so my questions are somewhat numerous but I think you've answered them miss Burt but I really want to be sure to get clarity on this so the first question is is in these outlying areas like Sky Farms St. Andrews there are some examples where the contamination reached a level which was not acceptable and I thought I heard you say those services are either been replaced or are scheduled to be replaced so that's my first question and along with that then are we continuing to monitor those as well as their neighbors services for water quality so that's the first group of questions that I have then when I get into the impacted at advisory area I also my company also built some homes in that area and what I read in this is that the city is going to replace the services to the meter and put in if necessary because of occupancy of those areas the carbon-activated filter what's happening from the carbon-activated filter to the house if there is is there any contamination are we going to continue to be monitoring the water that's actually getting to the yards and to the inside of the house because it appears to me by reading this that we're not we're not changing the service on the house side of the carbon filter so I'd like to get some explanation of that and then my last question sorry to bore you all with it but it appears we're heading in a direction and in somewhat I would have to say hopefully we don't have to change out all the mains at the same time I don't want to leave anything behind that should be taken care of because those carbon-activated filters are going to be removed when people start to occupy so I kind of have like to have a little clarity on that just to be sure and then my final piece of that question is if we go in this step-by-step process are we going to be able to still look to FEMA for pops possible replacement of steps downstream so do we get shut off because we said well we've changed the service and then they say okay you're done we're done with you so those that's a collection I'm sorry to go long-winded about it but it's really important for me and I suspect the other board members and as well as staff to really understand what we're doing and what we plan to do what we're we're investigating and what we might do in the future so that when we talk to our friends and people of the community we will have a accurate and common story to be telling them thank you great thanks board member down all excellent questions and all things that we've thought about and contemplated and I am happy to start answering those questions and then director Hornstein might have some additional comments to add so in particular I'll just take them in the order you asked outside of the advisory area within the burn zone so yes you are correct where we've identified contamination when we actually are looking at 0.5 parts per billion and above so actually below even the regulatory limit of those roughly 2,500 or so service lines that we've sampled we found 150 had contamination so we're replacing those in some cases our city crews have already replaced those and then we've resampled and confirmed that that cleared up the contamination at your last board meeting you awarded a contract to finish the replacement of those service lines and so that's going to be occurring and in the next couple of months it should be done somewhere by August and we are continuing to monitor and we are doing a statistically valid resampling of that whole outside service area just to confirm plus we're also testing the source water on a routine basis as well so that's what we're doing outside of the service area and again it has been good news in that it shown it's cleared up the contamination that we found inside the advisory area so also a lot of things that we've thought about and talked through in terms of we know now that the fire caused it and a lot of the contamination came from the private side melting and getting into our system so we are going to be replacing the service lines from the main to actually back of sidewalk so we're going to go past just the meter we're going to go to back of sidewalk we're doing that also outside the advisory area so that's a little bit on the private side then we're also through the building permit process requiring that folks replace from basically the meter to their home because that's where the contamination is a lot of times and and you know we know what's in our system and we've tested on our system but that is the private side so we don't really know what happened in terms of we can speculate that because that's the source it's probably higher on their side and so we want to folks to know that so we're requiring where we've seen contamination and we need to replace the service line we're requiring them to replace it through the building conditioning process through the building permit process where we haven't seen it in the burn area we're providing language to highly advise folks to replace the on the property side so just to add to that but I think it was well covered that we're using the conservative standard that we developed in terms of replacing service lines outside the advisory area which is 0.5 which is half the way below the MCL limit and that's where based on that data of sampling all the properties outside the advisory area where we got a result above that we've replaced the service lines and in those properties we are requiring them for the same reasons that we've replaced the public side for them to replace the private side as part of addressing this issue in the advisory area we're taking the approach to replace all the service lines and therefore we'll be requiring everyone to replace the private side the water lateral going to their homes and I just want to point out in those areas where we have tested every service line in the burn area and some of them have been non-detect many most of them have been non-detect we're simply issuing a informational statement that we highly recommend that they replace their water service line but it's not a requirement so where we want them to understand that you know we've had these kinds of issues so that they are at least fully informed in their decision-making process on that and then last questions about you know if the phased approach shows and the data confirms that you know we've resolved the issue from the water service lines we do understand and we're hearing quite a bit from folks that you know they want to know that we've resolved the issue so we are taking a phased approach and we are letting the data guide us and we are we are looking at ensuring that we can test the system and understand if there's anything sort of left behind because we don't want that to occur and if it turns out that it doesn't resolve the issue you know partial replacement or full replacement is still options that are that are there as well and we have worked very closely with FEMA and Cal OES and they understand this approach and they're supportive we can't guarantee what's going to happen with FEMA because you just never know it's a very complicated process but they do understand the phased approach they do understand what we're doing and at least at this point it it appears it doesn't close the door for you know future phases they they understand it's a phased approach and that we'd be submitting future phases as needed I I would add if I could that the phased approach what we've tried to do is as Miss Burke noted it is develop it in conjunction with FEMA and have them you know as they were looking at the data and asking questions as you would as you see these graphs dropped do you need to replace the entire system and they were asking those questions at the same time we began to ask them among ourselves so we worked with FEMA to develop the strategy with the intent that they would own it and understand that this is the right approach that there are issues in any approach one for example is there are some out there that are recognizing by a phased approach if you do have to replace the entire system haven't you delayed that fix by the time you're taking for the phased approach the answers yes yet by the phased approach it may be remedied much quicker than two years right so it's a bit of a two-sided there's also some acknowledgement that has come to us that in the phased approach and the money you're spending on the service lines if you do have to replace the entire system wouldn't much of that work be redundant since it's very difficult and it would be to replace the mains and salvage the new service lines you just put in and that is something that we are talking with FEMA so they do understand the entire project if we do need to do full replacement we've just added to the cost burden by this phased approach that they're working with us on FEMA for a project like this and I don't want to suggest otherwise does not clearly say yes to anything so they ask questions and they think about it and they sort of kind of give you indication so that is where we are so we're far from a place where I could with confidence say they are going to reimburse us for this water quality issue generally in any way nor necessarily with the process we're working very hard in fact talking about we may a couple of us may be going to DC next week so we're working all levels of FEMA and legislative support in our delegation and the like remember Grable yeah I have a couple comments and questions on that I do understand that the phased approach could could delay things but what I'd like to have more of a you know maybe consistent concise message about is that the reasons for those delays are not you know they're they're good reasons that also will I think increase the likelihood that we will be a reimbursed because we've gone through this process of due diligence because we've been conservative with you know with that approach and minimizing both the work the timeline and and the potential costs to FEMA I know the reimbursement process is very volatile and can be long-winded as we saw with Northridge but I think that that approach now that we have a temporary solution that is not an impediment to occupancy I think that that is that shows due diligence and will increase the likelihood that we're reimbursed what I don't want is that the the messaging the optics on that somehow create uncertainty for people not just people wanting to rebuild but I'd also like that outreach to go to realtors I know we have you know board member baton Ford and others who are involved with the North Bay Association realtors as we see properties changing hands and that accelerating I think it's it would be great to reach out to as many points of contact to get that consistent clear message because we can't just rely that you know and people reading the paper people checking their email that I mean we just have to diversify and and hit every point of contact including those who may be moving here or those who may be selling their properties and that's affecting you know the the way that's represented or you know the potential the potential sale price of those properties I think that's that's just something that we can we can help out with a little bit in terms of the clear accurate messaging yes all great points and we'll definitely incorporate those and we have been working with and reaching out to the realtors we've actually gone to norbar meeting we'll be going to another one as we sort of roll this out and get additional education we've also added a number of the norbar folks to our water quality advisory email list I do want to mention you know at this point it's it's probably one one of our most effective communication tools we have over 10,000 subscribers to that email distribution list and we're also seeing that when we put things on social media they're being shared by quite a few folks so it really does feel that that's been the most effective way that we've communicated but we are reaching out we're attending any meetings that we're pretty much asked to go to we're also reaching out to folks and saying hey can we come and talk to you as well so not only have we been to norbar but we'll be going back we're also also looking at the north coast builders exchange and ECA and other groups that would also be rebuilding as well so we're looking at all facets perfect thanks vice chair Arnone thank you kind of following up in the same idea I have a question about what what's happening to the water bills for the affected area and I don't ask because I'm wondering whether they're paying or not I'm asking because that seems like a logical vector for pushing information that is customized to individual properties to people who may not be tuning into all the other kinds of outreach that you're doing so if they are one of the 13 surviving homes their water bill is being credited and they're still having to pay the sewer if their property has been destroyed those bills were ceased immediately in October so they got final bills and they won't be getting built until they re-established service and so we're not be able to use that as a mechanism for pushing information then because we stopped billing I mean I guess the question is can we use that our billing process to push information out we yeah we can definitely look at using the bills to put put information out in that way we do we will be there will be so our water annual water quality report is coming out and we'll be putting that information out through the water bills I think it's already going and so that's a mechanism that we're using but that's a great idea we'll look into those opportunities to get messaging out that way as well and I think consistent with the the challenge of so many bills now we're not going out that may be also added to our long-term strategy there's going to be ongoing you know attention to this issue and interest and as it does get rebuilt and repopulated that probably then will be a more targeted way to get the information out long-term to keep the communication line going on of course we're going to continue to sample for years more than we typically would and that will be a really good mechanism once we get some population back in the area board member Watts for the 13 standing homes are there private service lines going to need to be replaced so that's a good question we have for those that have asked and we've offered to all of them that we would take inside samples and it's like at a kitchen sink bathroom sink hose bed to date the ones we've taken the results have come back except for the the sort of one on tall pine where it was a hose bibb either non did I mean they've all come back underneath the MCL and in most cases have been true non-detects so it doesn't appear that that's really an issue but we're always willing and offering to sample for folks and sort of a one-time inside to see if there's an issue it's a good question because that's a slight inconsistency and what we had noted that our approach is requiring the water lateral from the meter to be to the home to be replaced everywhere we've decided to replace for because of the data and protection the public portion of the service lines the reason we are not requiring although supporting sampling as you heard requiring replacement is those properties did not have the burn so we're being cautious and conservative as we've tried to be in this whole affair in terms of replacing their service line and they're feeling that's a good thing but not imposing a requirement uniquely on them because those homes didn't burn but availing if they do want us to support sampling to confirm that they aren't seeing contamination and I have another question regarding does the city have a public information officer that's handling the media and across all departments or is internally are we having to handle that on our own it's a bit of both what we do have a very strong public information group within the water department Elise Howard just does a great job this issue is certainly a citywide issue and the city's new public information officer Adrian Mertens is engaged and involved in all aspects of the messaging and supporting a citywide consistency because there are meetings that water staff don't go to and there are other messaging that's going out citywide so we you know there's had there's a lot of communication occurring so yes it's a bit of both but we are trying to have a citywide approach as well other questions the only other thing that I would mention I'm sure it's part of the messaging is I think it's important that the public understand that the opportunities for some of these homeowners to get the activated carbon filters is a temporary fix it is not a permanent fix and I think we need to make sure that's clear in our message board member doubt this is not meant by any stretch of the imagination criticism of staff and the way this has evolved but I think I have been inadvertently a part of the problem in miscommunication as I've talked to friends because when I first heard of the activated carbon filters at one of our study sessions that we had it was my understanding that those carbon filters were to be put on the water services as a means of providing safety for people who still lived in their 13 homes in the advisory area and to allow construction of new homes and the water that was then going to those homes would be safe for the purposes needed therefore and now I'm hearing that our replacement of the services may in fact solve the problem the carbon filters then will be taken out as chairman Galvin just stated and we will not now have to change we may not have to read a place all of the mains and so I have told people that the carbon filters were going to go in temporary for the purposes I just stated and then we will commence replacing the main that was my understanding about a month ago so what I would really encourage us to do is to put that kind of information into our message so homeowners know we just didn't cop out on them but that our research showed us that this may solve the problem and it will make it safe to live in these houses and if we get further information then the city still will consider the replacement of the mains however you want to express it but this has been an evolving issue and I think we need to say that's what it's been and we're trying to get this to be the best solution for everyone and I would just offer that you certainly are not alone with that understanding and we've tried to say if needed as necessary but that gets lost and we're we need to reinforce that certainly going forward and then there's the other piece that will probably play out in certain ways of where we did install them no I want to keep them no it's time to take them that kind of thing is likely to play out in some way as well you know just add that the carbon filtration piece was really something that we felt a need to you know as we've discussed previously get clarity on the ability to utilize it to answer the question of rebuild folks were at an important juncture as you recall about if I start rebuilding it might going to be able to occupy my home when it's complete and so that was an immediate response that we felt we needed to be able to provide and we so we had to have some solutions even though we didn't know whether we were going to need the solutions at that point in time so we had to kind of have a solution for that question now and continue to work on the problem as we have been any other board member questions very good thanks for the update and I know we'll continue to get them so we'll look forward to further updates on the messaging and go from there thank you we so we have no consent items we have one report item item 7.1 which is the contract award thank you chairman Gavin Gavin and board members for convening today for this special meeting my name is Jillian Tillis and I'm an associate civil engineer with transportation and public works we're here to review the scope of work for contract number 2222 replacement of the water service is affected by the Tufts fire inside the advisory area and to avoid the contract the lowest responsive and responsible bidder Terracon constructors Inc. Miss Tillis could I ask you to get a little closer to the microphone yeah thank you Jennifer did a really great job going over the background and I really I don't know how much I have to add but by using the phased approach the city is looking to accelerate the restoration of the water quality in the advisory area we are going to this is the area the advisory area our as we discussed public outreach is one of our highest priorities right now and we have been coordinating our efforts with the water department and contacting homeowners their mailings websites social media postings and since the press release last Thursday I have begun receiving inquiries and questions from home owner homeowners and I have been coordinating those responses with with Miss Burke Miss Urbanek and Miss Howard after the water service lines are replaced and flushed the area will be retested and we look forward to seeing the testing under normal conditions our team will also be working closely with the water department to coordinate the shutdowns and the flushing during those shutdowns so we're replacing the water service lines to 352 parcels however we estimate that there are 368 service lines that were damaged all service lines will be replaced with one inch polyvinyl copper tubing will have a new saddle at the main all manifold services will be replaced with two single water service lines all of this work will be performed by open trench installation we will not be doing pipe bursting or pulling the line we've also be replacing the permanent blowoffs we're starting with 15 but there is up to 27 blowoffs within the advisory area we'll be removing the sidewalk we'll be replacing the water meter boxes and we'll be installing a stub out 12 inches behind the sidewalk for future connection in the fountain grove area the majority of this work will be taken place inside the public utility easement and we won't actually be going on to their property and then we'll be doing permanent trench paving in test in the anticipation of the truck traffic that will be continuing over the next two years and through the rebuild process the project was advertised on May 4th 2018 we opened bids on May 21st 2018 we received a total of seven bids ranging from 2.3 million to 4.7 million the low bid was 18.25 percent under the engineers estimate and Terracon constructors Inc. of Healdsburg California was the lowest responsive and responsible bidder it is recommended that the board of public utilities by motion approve the project and award the construction contract number CO 2222 in the amount of two million three hundred and five thousand seven hundred and thirty two dollars to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder and approve a ten percent contingency contingency thus offer a authorizing a total contract amount of two million five hundred thirty six thousand three hundred and five dollars and twenty cents thank you and please let me know if you have any questions board member doubted I have two comments first I want to go back to it says on this page and I can't tell by this I think it's page four but I'm not positive where it's it's the bullet item that says installing activated carbon water filters at the surviving homes I think that that step should say and to assist in the ability to move into homes that are being rebuilt they would those activated carbon filters will be added so I think we need to be clear about that that that's an option that's out there that the will the city is willing to be a part of and then I'll go to the page seven seven and I personally would recommend because if you look at the bid spread there's a huge disparity between bidders and I would certainly support a contingency in the neighborhood of 20% rather than just 10% obviously staff would be making the decisions as to whether it was necessary but I think we're going to find a lot of changes necessary out there so at any rate that's that's my comment is that I I would like to give you a little more latitude so that we keep this thing moving along rather than a need to come back to the board for approval that's my recommendation on your first comment I think your edits do reflect the accurate intent of where we're going and we should make these edits prior to posting on the website or correct the posting accordingly thank you for that and mr. Bannock concurs with your assessment of what we're likely to see in this project going forward so your suggestion does work for staff any other board member yeah board member Mullen thank you I have a couple of questions relative to the service replacement the the polyvinyl copper tubing that we're using is this the current city standard for service laterals or was this part of our research towards a solution for this particular problem the current standard is HDPE however given or polyvinyl so so and the reason I ask that is that in our public information outreach I would hope that we include information that we believe this is the best service materials to replace this as well as doing our corrective action to solve the problem but this is is part of our public information outreach so that we again this is a really tough thing for people to wrap their head around our drinking water a safe reliable drinking supply is something that we all think is very important if you have young children you're moving back in you have other issues to worry about is the safety of the water so the fact that we're using materials that we believe not are just going to solve this problem but provide a long-term solution I would hope that gets wrapped into our public information outreach thank you I think that's a great suggestion and I just wanted to add a bit of clarity that maybe you all recognize that it is a copper tubing the water will just be exposed to the copper the polyvinyl is a coating on that and that's simply for corrosion protection any other board member questions or comments hearing none I'll entertain a motion well I I would support the recommendation that's put before us on page seven seven but would increase contingency amount to 20% I'll second it with a caveat of asking counsel whether or not that would violate any of our existing code requirements or building regulations to increase the amount of contingency for an individual contract or the fact that the notice probably referenced 10% contingency when the bidders bid the project well the the contingency amount is a city policy to allow our staff as things progress through these projects to have some latitude for unexpected circumstances and changes that may occur I think we have the latitude to increase the contingency amount it's not a bid item it's just something that the city wants to include in the contract to cover those unexpected costs so I think it's it's fine for us to proceed on that basis that makes that makes my second unconditional okay we have a motion by board member Dowd seconded by vice chair Arnone's any further questions or discussion board member Watts what would the total amount be with the 20% and the only the only reason why I asked is that is it close to some of the other amounts that were that of the other bids and if it is would that have changed the decision to go with this particular and the the contingency amount is like I said the city's practice is to include 15% to cover unexpected costs that doesn't impact any of the bids amounts that were received so any of the bid amounts we take that bid amount and that's the contract and then we add 15% to kind of give us some latitude on the ground for unexpected changes so it doesn't impact any any bid amount would have that additional contingency it's just now we're doing a 20% to give us a greater latitude to and to pay for unanticipated changes on the ground right I think that's a key point that the use of the contingency unlike the bid amount is not money that will necessarily go to the contractor the use of the contingency will be based solely on staff determination that there were change conditions or something else independent of the basis of the bid so generally a contractor would not look at whatever contingency is as part of the money they're going to be receiving and how they would bid the job because that's going to be staff determination whether or not any of it will ever reach the contractor I understand what the contingency means that wasn't exactly my question but I think somewhere someone answered it anyway so to go back to that first part of your question the with a 20% contingency it's about 2.75 million any other board member questions or comments if not I'll call for the question on favor of the motion including the 20% contingency say aye. Aye. Any opposed? And we have one missing. Thank you. Thank you. Any public comments on non-agenda matters? See no one rise we have no referrals no written communications any subcommittee reports? Hearing none any board member reports? Hearing none any directors reports? I don't have any items today although I did want to thank the board share staff's appreciation for you accommodating the schedule this special meeting it does give us two weeks jump on starting this work which feels very important and we did greatly benefit from the feedback on the first item in terms of framing our ongoing communication so thank you for that. We're moved out. I did want to say as under board member reports I did let Chairman Galvin know and Director Horenstein that I will not be in able to attend the I think it's June 6th meeting or whatever that next first meeting in June is. Very good. Any further? We stand adjourned thank you all for being here and again thanks to the board for making the effort to attend this special meeting.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we are going to discuss the following question and the question says that the following table shows the ages of 12 couples at the time of their wedding. Is it a bivariate data? Identify its population and sample. Now let us start with the solution of this given question. Here we are given the ages of 12 couples. Now in the first row we are given husbands age and in the second row we are given wives age at the time of their wedding. So here we are having two series representing two variables that is husbands age and wives age. So it is a bivariate data. Now this data shows our relationship between the husbands age and wives age at the time of their wedding so that we can draw general conclusion such as if husband is of greater age then wife is also of greater age. So here the population will be all married couples and sample is randomly selected 12 married couples so here our required answer will be yes it is a bivariate data and here the population is all married couples and the sample is given by randomly selected 12 married couples. This completes our session. Hope you enjoyed this session.


through so many storms we can make it through one more if you're weary to the bone take my hand you're not alone there's a light on the hill there's a flame there's a beacon that you come to that you will leave but when you do you take it with every time my fall is you lead you now help me through nearby my side we will shine on shine on shine the light on the hill that you come to that you will leave but when you do you take it so shine on the hill there's a flame that you come to without you you take it without you will leave but when you do the light goes with you


Hello and welcome back to the craft box. My name is Brendan today. We're on episode 27 of the prior 101 walkthrough series Now today, this is quite a special day because well, it's not really today But tomorrow when you're watching this is actually my birthday It's kind of scary to think that because like I'm recording this in like November So like it's a whole month away for me, but like it's Ah Yeah So anyway today we are going to be doing a big episode because we had a really small one last time Yeah, because last episode was quite a short one kind of boring we didn't do much it was more law We got to level 20 and in between episodes. I changed up my look a bit I don't know if you can notice, but it is different I promoted Chantelle Because she got up to level 17 So she got a promotion. I don't know if there was meant to be dialogue there, but oh well It didn't pop up. So I'm gonna have to live with what we don't get so yeah Chantelle is here. I'm just gonna try her out. I gave her Overwatch and best fight who? Um, we're just trying out. She'll say snap a shot now. So that's kind of nice She's gonna buffer up a bit and then do snap a shot I think actually you can go right up there to be honest and um So yeah, I've got quite a big episode plan for today So yeah That plane is kind of loud. Sorry that's really rude plane I've got my windows open because it's so hot It's like It's literally been like 30 degrees all week Terrible and by all week I mean like the last two days because it's Tuesday Well, I can't say it's terrible because it's actually kind of nice to have like really hot days because it doesn't need to be summer here And if it's really cold it just doesn't feel like summer so, you know That's actually really nice It's a really nice her of Chantelle That's actually okay So yeah But yeah, this is also the last episode you see before I go on holiday So if I don't have videos I'm sorry Not much I can do about it. I'm trying to pre-record like a whole lot Um, but you know, there's only so much pre-recording you can do on the time that you're given Sorry, you know some things have to Kind of like not happen All that's good. That's really good That's really good Chantelle's new moves are great. I love them The dodge nice Do That was really good for my pit as well shoo, we're raking these scrubs Okay, let's hit you and you can Know what you're gonna come down here The two musketeers in the back That was good double tap into that on nice That's epic Double tap nice burst fire nice First fire nice. That's why I gave it a burst fire to just says so many burst fires.  He's a bad bandit. Oh, it's your funeral I'm just trying to put me off from killing your boss. I know I know I know you guys I know what you're like, but you know my week's being crazy with exams like trying to record all the things I've got a record like 10 episodes of this This walkthrough in like three days. I've got a record like 12 episodes of pirate 101 in like four days And then I'm recording with them. So there's gonna be Fresh new road to 100s coming out soon and by soon. I mean you've already seen some Yeah, you've already seen some so that's that's cool. Okay, where are you? I'll be back once I am found it because this is a wee way away Okey-dokey. We're here Wasn't actually too far away It's just a bit of a walk and then we got pulled by scorpions don't know if I left that at me because I'm still recording it's kind of scary Oh, we have to go through all of these guys. Okay, let's do this. Let's do this, you know I You seem like That's nice Oh Perfect Okay, there we go sweet nice work nice Trontella's actually a god Like seriously, she's a god Amazing So, yeah, if you haven't seen already or understood what I did I Replaced my Valencian Yeah, I've replaced my valencian guy was Chantel just because Chantel's a god and he was getting a bit old He might come back later in the series though. So don't worry He'll be back Chantel you can cross fire up there done Amazing amazing Did she say boom? I'm pretty sure she said boom because she knows she's Just so much of a gold that she can say that without me judging her. It's great. Okay Yes Skip that battle hmm So, yeah, my tip for these skip these sorts of battles just need to like Just need to try and be sneaky about it Just nope, okay, we can't be sneaky about that one, but that's fine They're gonna pull you in on that a lot Actually, what's in it? I don't know. I'll be back once I finish this battle Okay, we had just got to wrap up this battle. There we go. Perfect.  You have come for the girl. Well, my friend, you'll have to come through me together Okay, that's fine. I will come through you together Boom, there we go. Amazing For you Oh Rumba could be wrecked here. Rumba is nearly wrecked. It's a nearly a GG That is a GG and one hits nearly it is a scary.  How do you? How do you? Okay, so Rumba's like You have been straight you're gonna come over there. Do you have? Yeah first straight. Oh, so it's good idea. We come over there Nice burst fire there and double burst fire, which is great Really, you just have to you have to go from don't you? That is just unlucky Unlucky Rumba, that's fine. We've got a squad of musketeers What level are you? Frodo, but we're thinking you're so good. You are level 19. Well, that's probably why he died then Let's do this one. I Was good really dead. That's great. We go. Okay. We're gonna hopefully finish off quite a few this Around now we can finish off for you. Hopefully you Well done double tap It's a home again. That's great. Oh, nice Perfect Bubba-duh Bubba-duh Okay, she'll tell I believe in you No, maybe I don't know. No, I Was a god he just is a bit shy at the moment because we're on camera She doesn't want to show her godly powers. Sure. That's what it is Like not even convincing myself. I just realized since I'm level 20 I can get my powers from my secret trainer That's cool. I might go do that in between of the serves or after recording How do you know what I am I am wearing a mask I beg you do not hurt me I tell you everything you and the girl she's here take her Thank you. Oh, thank you. You've saved me from a fed worse than they please Take me home at once Okay, let's I didn't bind to that life fountain. Ah, okay. I'll be back once I am in the center pool Okie-dokie we are back Here we go. My Serena is returned to me Safe and sound. Oh, cut. You have my eternal thanks. The debt I owe you can never be repaid You have saved my child, but now I fear all of san topoyo is in mortal danger Those accursed banditos. It was not enough that they terrorized san topoyo and abducted my daughter They have stolen the strong box that strong box holds the money we've set aside for our taxes If we cannot pay san tarana, I dread to think what he will do to us They took the strong box to el guapo their boss You will find him in bandito gulch through the cave at the end of bandito trail. Hurry Oh my god, I found a great way to get around here without getting pulled ever so often It's actually great all this Them powers captain my captain we got to knock all them down before we storm the tow ride out And this is annoying this battle. Okay I will be back once I have finished this battle Blow up the tower And once and repeat I will be back once all of the towers are blown up Oh, kiroki. We just finished off our last battle and we've destroyed the last tower now It's amazing. Let's go in here into now for three two one. I should have got health, but oh well Oh, well, I will live somehow probably not but who cares Let the wicked take flight. El Toro is here and he has come for justice Okay El Toro is here for justice Cool beans, but uh He's even in a fight. Amazing. Okay Smack these fools around a bit, you know Do Good Let's see how can we get these in the most efficient way possible Probably with that. Yeah Okay, okay Oh, you picked nice Nice work there lomba.  Oh damn. This is like all on me.  Okay I'm not going to complain Nice, there we go. That's El Guapo. Did that his name? Yeah I just think about that one for a sec Here we go El Toro Is Such an honorable His words carries much weight Look here. The strongbox is missing and here that monster. His secret plan stands reveal Santa rana extorts back breaking taxes out of the poor people of santa poyo Then hires bandito to steal the money so he can extort more Justice must be done.  So thank you for watching And remember to subscribe and like And do all that fun stuff. And yeah, goodbye


Think Tech Away, civil engagement lives here. It is Pomai Weigert, and we are back at another gripping episode of Hawaii Food and Farmers series. I haven't seen all of you in a while, but I'm back, and it is National Women's Month, and before we close out the month, I thought, why don't I bring on one of my favorite GoFarmers, women farmers, cool people, Priscilla. Here she is, and she is from Vita Farms. And we're just going to be talking story about all kind of farmer things. Welcome, Priscilla. And Priscilla has a farm in Waimanalo, and how long have you been farming? I started the GoFarm program in 2015, and I've been farming alone since 2016, so about two years now. And were you a farmer before then? No. Oh, I just love these kinds of stories where just woke up one day and decided to be a farmer. So can you tell us how you got into that? How did you get into farming? Actually I knew Coach Jay, the GoFarm program, and Nora Rodley, and they were doing this GoFarm function at the Waimanalo station, and so I talked to a few of the farmers there and decided it was something I wanted to do. She's a GoFarmer, by the way, if you folks didn't already pick that up, which has been really great. We were just talking before the show started about having access to this network of farmers, beginning farmers, small farmers, and people who are doing a lot of different things. And a lot of people who have still other lives or came from a different life from before. So before you were farming, what were you doing? I'm actually a chemist, and I'm still doing that as well. This is like my favorite thing about you. Okay, tell us about your chemist life. I work for a private company here on Island, a biomedical company called Igenics. So I think farming and chemistry go hand in hand, so they do. That's kind of how it all started, and did you, are you from Hawaii, or when did you guys come to Hawaii? I moved to Hawaii, I've been here off and on about 17 years. And I've been here the longest, I think about nine years so far. And from all over, or where did you come from before that? I'm from South Texas originally. South Texas. Okay, okay, and is your family still there? They are. Okay, and then did you come over with your family, or did you be- No, I came alone. I came to school alone, decided I was gonna finish school, go to chemistry, here at HVU. Wow. And I finished school in Texas, but then I decided I wanted to move back again, so I did, and found a job, and here we are. And then, I feel like you found a husband too, and then a couple kids, yes. I have a partner, and I have two boys, a seven-year-old and a four-year-old, which he's on the screen now. Yeah. Oh, yes he is! Yes, this is my favorite. I recently went to Mexico, and one of my dad's favorite movies is Nacho Libre. So one of my big things, or my nephew, he really wanted one of these masks. Did you find one? Yes, and I did. I did. And so when I was looking at your photos, I was like, oh, this is the photo right here. This is the winner. And this is your youngest son? This is my youngest, yeah, it's my four-year-old. So it's a family unit. Does everybody sort of participate in the life on the farm? They do. My partner, Scott, actually helps with a lot of the harder stuff, like prepping beds and picking up compost, and prepping all of that that I don't actually have a lot of time for. I mainly focus on the harvesting, the marketing, the planting, and the planning, and the records. And the records. Now that we're speaking about records. Yeah, definitely. And then there's also this cooking component that I feel like is really important and unique to your guys' brand, because you cook things and you make different, I want to say value-added products, and food is a big part, I think, of how you guys market. Can you tell us a little bit about the foods you make? Sure. We're actually doing kind of a farm-to-table pizza. We do jams as well. We're trying to get into doing other things, like maybe an okra pasta sauce, but at the moment we do do mainly pizza, farm-to-table pizzas. So Scott actually makes all the ideas I have, no creative. I grow the stuff and people decide how it goes on to the pizza or not. But yeah, that seems to be one of the best aspects of being able to have the farm-to-table market at a farmer's market, because we're drawing in people not only for the food, but for the vegetables. And we try to focus them mainly on vegetables and then have the pizza as the value-added, of course. Right, right. Sort of like as another hook. Exactly. Yeah, like a hook to bring them in and then be like all these fresh things, take home with you and have in your life, that's great. And then where do you sell these things? We have quite a bit of outlets. We have, we just started a farmer's market at our Kakaako on Wednesday nights from 4 to 7. That's the newest one we have. I also do my own CSAs, I'm on break right now from that, but yeah, that would probably restart in April. There are other markets we sell wholesale to restaurants, Chef Maya Fett is one of my greatest supporters. She buys a lot of my produce. We do sell a lot through Farmland, Kauai wholesale. Okay, wow, that's plenty. It is. That's a lot for just you, your partner and your littles kind of making it happen. Do you love it? I do, I love it. Yeah, tell me why you love it. I love seeing those little guys, the little plants like grow up and become this beautiful flower or this, this food that somebody is going to enjoy. That's what I love about it. And I love growing beautiful food for people to enjoy with their eating, not only in the color but in the variety and the texture and giving out recipes on how to use that. That's a new thing we just started as well. Well, and like we were talking about before we started today, because you folks sort of you and your farm and your family do have this joy for cooking and where do you get these recipes from? Like do you just invent them or were they inspired by something or you Google, how do you get recipes? I think it kind of depends on what we like and then some stuff like we were trying to move some Olena and we just had to Google it like how do you make a golden milk or how do you, some recipes like another recipe for Olena is just like chopping it up and putting it in the stir fry. Wing beans, we started selling wing beans and having to give ideas to people because they're like what is this thing? This is a beautiful bean. Yeah. How do we use it? Exactly, besides a Filipino dish or stir frying it. So and how do you feel, how do you feel about your consumers? Do you do you feel like a lot of your consumers who buy your things know what they're doing or you have to educate them a lot to to try stuff out? I think it depends where you're at. I also sell through the Friends with Farms Co-op and I think their market in Kailua, a lot of people are educated on already how to cook their food. Kakaako, we're starting to get a more base type of consumer and so we're having to kind of give people ideas on how to make certain things or especially like the Hikama we were just talking about like how do you actually eat this Hikama? We're going to talk more about Hikama by the way just in the second in the second part of the show we're going to because Hikama has been really on my mind since I since I've you know been seeing more and more farmers growing it. There's it's amazing the varieties that are coming out and that there's so much more in food than I think people ever could even ever imagine. It's actually so beautiful and creative. What about some of the challenges in farming? You know I feel like you know especially as sort of one of the focuses for the show today is sort of like women and ag and do you feel like women and ag is a concept that is nurtured in the agricultural industry? Do you feel like it's harder for you or it's easier for you or it's just a real thing and it doesn't matter being a woman in agriculture how do you feel about that? I think it's great I haven't come up against much obstacles at the moment I think more maybe it's just Hawaii that people are supporting women in agriculture I'm not sure if that would change is say if I was in Texas here I feel like it's much easier people are more open to the women farmer so and it's great that GoFarm actually has a lot of women farmers one of my collaborators is a woman and I love working with her so it's I think GoFarm helps to nurture that just a little bit more and even though there are male farmers as well there women I think we try to stick together a little. I really feel like you know there are so many of the men farmers that are in support of that or they do see how like it's you know women bring a whole different type of cool to the industry that is that is very relevant like right now I feel like it's very relevant and and workable so I really like seeing that in the industry what about just challenges in general of being a farmer? The weather I think it's all a challenge time management is a challenge when things die and you don't know why the pest the heat sometimes kills everything but at other times you're rewarded with this wonderful kale that you didn't think you could grow or a beautiful purple cauliflower so I think there's a flipside to all the bad as well and the challenge just makes you better and you learn your lesson and you just keep going so yeah works out pretty good. I think so one I just even think that having that mentality of like like moving forward learning from the mistakes that happened and then I think also like gearing the consumer to understand that real food real things happen like weather and like so if you want the freshest and the bestest it might not necessarily be what you wanted it might be what we have you know especially if you like the Stalin method or especially if like they like the Stalin method of how you grow it. What kind of things do you grow? I grow a lot. I have a pretty big I like to give my CSA members a very nice variety as much as I can do. There are some things I'm not good at like radish I'm horrible at growing radish but I can grow beets and kale and chard. I've been doing a fresh herbal tea with chamomile or in the picture my son was picking chamomile flowers. Oh okay so just trying to think outside of the box and I love growing flowers so that's another thing I wanted to get into. Okay and then do your CSA members are those the people that get those kinds of things because like when you do for restaurants and you do like through farm link is that I mean they're looking for specific things usually and does your do your CSA members do they get I'm assuming at the most variety. They do get the most variety but I try to grow enough to kind of split it up between everybody like enough that I'm gonna sell at the farmers market enough for my CSA and enough for my farm link orders just because sometimes somebody doesn't want like 10 ounces of edible flowers you know. I try to keep the variety throughout for most everything like some things I don't but say peas for instance I may only grow that for my CSA and maybe or for farmers market but not for farm link because I know like the value and the time that it takes to pick a pea it's kind of a lot but kale and lettuce are worth the value I think. So then you just make the call right yeah mentally like no this is what is the best idea. Exactly. Oh that's awesome okay well we're at our first break in this show and then we'll come back and we're gonna talk future what's next collaborations so we'll see you in a little bit. Hi I'm Pete McGinnis Mark and every Monday at one o'clock I'm the host of Think Tech Hawaii's research in Monart and at that program we bring to you a whole range of new scientific results from the university ranging from everything from exploring the solar system to looking at the earth from space going underwater talking about earthquakes and volcanoes and other things which have a direct relevance not only to Hawaii but also to our economy. So please try and join me one o'clock on a Monday afternoon to Think Tech Hawaii's research in Monart and see you then. Hi I'm Ethan Allen host on Think Tech Hawaii of Pacific partnerships in education. Every other Tuesday afternoon at 3 p.m. I hope you'll join us as we explore the value the accomplishments and the challenges of education here in the Pacific Islands. It was a quick little break quick little breather we're here with Priscilla from Vida Farms in Waimanalo and we are just talking women and ag farm pizzas Hikama life and we sort of covered how in the first segment how how you got here how you wanted to start farming how you know sort of making that move and transition into you know having farm life a part of your life but I was thinking maybe we could talk a little bit about the future and we're sort of like where where you see the future of farming in general you know just sort of now that you're in it and you're kind of doing it as a business where where do you where do you think agriculture is going what are your hopes what are your what are your and even not hopes what are you just you know what are your forecasts on what's happening. I think more people are starting to buy local I mean not even just here in Hawaii I see it when I follow some of my friend farmers in Texas and that people are starting to go out buy local food invest in it and what they're eating and what they're doing what they're giving to their families as well so I think that hopefully more people are going to be willing to not only buy local but pay the price as well like as a small farmer I feel like that seems to be one of the bigger challenges like getting people to buy it they usually do like very few people like complain but I think we're in a unique space right now. Right like really changing that mentality of the worth I think of farming and and what it takes because I do feel like there is a big paradigm shift and we're like kind of in this really neat like we're right on the edge of it yeah so I mean I I feel very hopeful but then I I always like to check the temperature and other people are you hopeful too are you hopeful too and then as far as partnerships or collaborations for your business are there other businesses that you're working with or that you like to team up with? Rose Matthews, Bear Claw Farms, we do farm to table or we do farmers markets together we collaborate a lot even for my CSA she grows stuff that I am not good at growing or don't have time for and so I love collaborating with her like and plus it's just easy to talk to her and we can talk about things that are growing well things are growing bad it's like a great like a farm bestie like a farm friend like you can talk farm with her yeah because I feel like you know it's it's these very specific conversations you know about she knows what you're talking about exactly yeah like so when you're talking about how things are growing and and and how things are going she's not like okay you're talking to me about farming again I'm going out what's going on I have no idea what you're talking about like she actually understands what you're saying that's great and then I did want to circle back around to Hicama because it's sort of my own my own personal farm story I when I first got here to go farm I went to visit counterculture and Rob Borreka gave me a Hicama he was like have a great day here's a Hicama and I went home and I was like oh I'm I don't know what to do with it and hence my question about like where do you get recipes and do you Google and you were saying that you eat it in a very specific way can you share that with us we just cut it up and eat it with lime and chili yeah we just cut it up and eat it with lime and chili like oh okay meanwhile I was thinking we had to make it into french fries or you know but you were saying to me that it's kind of it's very refreshing the very refreshing it's this of the variety counterculture was growing is very sweet has a sweet flavor so I felt like you didn't even have to boil it to bring out or to take away any bitterness from it and so it's very refreshing you can cut it up into salads you can cut it into little potato chips and eat it that way just fresh make a dip an avocado cilantro dip dip it in maybe even hummus and but I would say fresh is the way to go with the fresh is the way to go see because I'm even thinking like there needs to be some type of I might have to start adding that to my segment where I pick a crop that you know because I feel like we definitely the farmers that I'm encountering more and more it's it's less commodity it's very we have all these niche varieties all like these special things that no one gets which I love because I love having things that nobody else has but then when I get them I still don't know what to do with them this is great but can somebody help me so really knowing and I feel like like I'm starting to see Hickamah more around so again like this educational component of getting these new varieties and what to do with them and how to eat them has been really awesome what about the future of your business and farming do you think that you're gonna now that you're sort of warmed up in it you want to stay in it yes definitely definitely gonna stay in it I'm not sure what the future holds I have one more year in the incubator program so I'm gonna focus on that and just keep following my passion for farming yeah I think that that's I feel like once people start having this a part of their lives you know this farming component it changes them how I mean do you feel like that's true I think so I think you think about things differently I feel like it's a big de-stressor when I'm in my field nobody else is there most I mean sometimes they're like my family kids or my partner but for the most part it's you and the plants and your outdoors and of course we get to see the beautiful koala range and it's one of the best places to farm I would say it really is it's so majestic I mean you just took it right out of my mind cuz like and you would never I mean I feel like people drive in and out of Waimanalo all the time yeah but like when you're actually there and it really is Nora I feel like Nora has explained it is like the golden hour yeah like it's it's so majestic to wear like oh that's something really hard to give up you know and and we're seeing it you know earlier on in the phases you know because there's you know you do the egg school so like you have it and then you do egg pro and then you have to sort of make this decision like was that it or do I keep going you know but it's it's really hard to give up that golden hour you know even golden hours how many hours do you think you spent on the farm in addition to your full-time job and you being a mom and you how many I would say between maybe this week isn't as much but usually it's 30 hours at least 30 to some weeks are 40 I feel just depending but high-end is usually 30 20 hours is minimal just to be there to check on everything to weed guess because everything's organically grown we don't use herbicides so it's it needs constant care it does yeah it needs constant but it's worth it yeah totally worth it yeah yeah no that's I feel like just knowing that that is how people feel about farming I think is reassuring you know in knowing that you're doing something that you love when you're when you're on the farm is it and you thinking about what you want to grow or you want what you want to try next is there do you have a plan for that or do you just think oh maybe I'll try this you know I because I'm more of a supporting role you know like I like to come and take pictures and like you know like taste but like you know there there is so much science and math and planning involved that into like you know and everybody has their own method you know but like for you how do you decide what you're gonna add or subtract I usually try to think about my CSI membership and what I want to have for them to last at least three months so I usually do an initial three months and then I asked them if they want to keep continuing okay so I plan for the three months to make sure I have my leafy greens my blood is whatever can be grown at that time of year since it's seasonal okay like sometimes egg plants not gonna do as well in the winter time there we go okra as well so I try to plan around that sometimes maybe the broccoli and the cabbages are not gonna do well in the summer so I know I have to plan that in the winter so I do have kind of a plan I do try other varieties that I just want to see are gonna work for my own curiosity so but I usually don't do that on a large risk yeah let's just do a little test we're not gonna change we don't we don't know where this is all gonna go so if people wanted to find you Priscilla where should they go to find you where how do we find you and your your farm fresh goodies and your pizzas tell us so for sure you can find me Wednesday night caca aqua from 4 to 7 I think it's on 440 keave okay road I do sell some products through Friends with Farms they have a Kailua market and they just opened a North Shore market okay so there we you can find lettuce or kale or chard things like that they would have can look online and email me okay or Instagram Instagram and her Instagram is we're gonna be popping it up it's on it's been on her info but can you tell us what it is it's at Hawaii dot Vida so okay message me there if you want something specifically I've not looked for us at the farmers market the farm to table pizza is usually there and it's also on Saturday at the co-op women all over market co-op oh yeah ever driving through on their way to the beach yep and then we can get and we can stop and get that there exactly well thank you so much for joining us today it was a pleasure having you I really appreciate you coming out from Waimanalo and sharing your story with us and okay guys that's and we're gonna wrap up another another holy food and farmer series and we'll be seeing you in a couple weeks bye


Hello, welcome to SSUnitech. So, see this side and this is our interview questions and answers. So, today we gonna discuss about top 20 interview questions for the beginners. So, let's start with our first question. So, what are the differences between dbms and rdbms? So, first is it stores data as a file in case of dbms but in case of rdbms it stores data as a table form. Next is it has unnormalized data but in case of rdbms it has normalized data. In dbms it doesn't have any integrity constraints but in case of rdbms it defines integrity constant to maintain the AC properties. Next is it doesn't have any relationship between the tables but in case of rdbms it maintain relationship between the tables by using primary can foreign keys. Next is it doesn't support distributed database but in case of rdbms it supports distributed database. Next is it is used in small organization and it supports single user only in case of dbms but in rdbms it is used in large organizations and able to handle multi-users. For example, in dbms we have file system but in case of rdbms we have sico server or calmy sico. Let's move to our next question. So, what is SQL? SQL stands for Structured Query Language. So, it is used to communicate with the databases. It is also used to perform tasks such as update data on the database or retrieve data from the database. Let's move to next question. So, what is primary key? So, primary key is a field or combination of fields in a table which uniquely identify each rows in the table. A primary key column cannot have null values. A table can't contain more than one primary key. Let's move to another question. So, our next question is what is unique key? So, unique key is a field or combination of fields in a table which uniquely identify each row in the table as we have seen in primary key. A unique key column can have only one null value. A table can contain more than one unique key. Let's move to next question. So, what are the differences between primary key and unique key? In case of primary key it cannot have null value but in case of unique key it can have only one null value. Next is a table can't have more than one primary key but in case of unique key a table can have more than one unique key. By default it would create a cluster index in the table in case of primary key but in case of unique key by default it would create a non cluster index in the table. Move to next question. So, what is foreign key? A foreign key is used to link two tables together and foreign key is a field or combination of fields in one table that refers to the primary key in the another table. For example let's assume we have a table with customer and it contains three columns first is customer ID then customer name and customer address and we have a primary key on this table on customer ID column and we have our second table which is sales and it contains two columns first is sale order and second is customer ID and we have sale order as a primary key and we can create a foreign key with this table which will refer in our customer tables primary key. As we can see foreign key in our sale table then the column name we want to create foreign key on the customer ID column then we need to specify reference then the customer table and then column. Let's move to next question. So, what is check constant? The check constant is used to limit the value range that can be placed in the column. If we define a check constant on a single column it allows only certain values for this column. Let's move to next question. So, what are the joints? So, joints are used to retrieve data from two or more than two related tables. Tables can be related to primary key and foreign keys. Let's move to next question. What are the types of joints in SQL Server? So, mainly we have three type of joints. First is inner joint, second is outer joint then cross joint. In case of inner joint inner joint will return only matching rows from the board tables and non matching rows will be eliminated. Next is outer joint. It has three type of joints. First is left outer joint, second is right outer joint. Next is full outer joint. In case of left outer joint it will return matching rows plus non matching rows from the left table. Next is right outer joint. It returns all the matching rows plus non matching rows from the right table. Next is full outer joint. It would return all the matching rows plus non matching rows from left table plus non matching rows from the right table. Next is cross joint. It returns Cartesian product of the two tables. Those are involved in the joint. Move to next question. So, what are the identity column? It is also called as auto incremental column. Identity columns are columns with the values automatically generated when a new row is inserted in a table. We cannot insert explicit values into identity columns. Let's move to next question. So, what are the differences between delete and truncate? So, delete is a DML command and truncate is a DDL command. We cannot use wear condition in case of truncate but we can use wear condition in case of delete. Next, delete will be slow in terms of performance but truncate would be faster. Next, in case of delete it can't be reset the values or identity column but in case of truncate it can reset identity column values. Next, trigger will be fired in case of delete. Trigger will not be fired in case of truncate. Let's move to next question. So, what are union and union all? So, union operator combines result set of two or more than two select statement queries in a single result set. Union operator doesn't include duplicate rows in the final result set. Union all. Union all operator is same as a union except it includes all the unique and duplicate values in the final result set. So, let's move to next question. So, what are the difference between union and union all? So, in case of union it will remove the duplicate values from the result set but in case of union all it doesn't remove the duplicate values from the result set. Next is in case of union it provides sorted result set but in case of union all it doesn't provide any sorted result set. Next is in case of union it would be slower than union all and union all would be faster than union. Let's move to next question. So, what are the differences between care and where care data types? So, care it is fixed length data type and it is used to store non-unique code characters and it occupies one byte of space for each character. In case of where care it is variable length of data type and it is also used to store non-unique code characters and it also occupies one byte of space for each character. Move to next question. So, what are the differences between where care and where care data types? So, in case of where care it is a variable length of data type and it is used to store non-unique code characters and it occupies one byte of space for each character. In case of where care data type it is a variable length of data type and it is used to store unique code characters and it occupies two byte of space for each character. Let's move to next question. So, what are the differences between where and having clause? So, in case of where it can't be used with the aggregate functions like some minimum maximum ATC but having can be used with the aggregate functions. Where can be used with any select query but having can be used only with the group by condition. Where clause filters rows before the aggregation that's why it's good in performance and having filters rows after the aggregation that's why it's bad in performance. Let's move to next question. So, what are the authentication modes in SQL Server? So, first is Windows and second is mixed authentication mode. So, we have two types of authentication mode in SQL Server. Let's move to next question. So, what is stored procedure? Stored procedure are collection of SQL queries that can be saved and reused whenever required and we can also pass parameters to stored procedures and we can manipulate data based on the parameters. Move to next question. So, what are the advantages of stored procedure? So, first is execution plan retention and reusability. Next is reduced network traffic. Next is code reusability and better maintenance. Next is better security and last is avoid SQL induction attacks. Let's move to next question and this is our last question. So, what is function? A function is a stored program that we can pass parameters or not into and return a value. For example, our first we can see getDate, it would return the current date and time without getting any parameter. But we can see our second function which is square root. It would accept a parameter and parameter would be our numeric type. If we can pass 4 inside this sqrt then it would return 2. So, thank you so much for watching this video. If you like this video, please subscribe our channel to get many more videos. And don't forget to press the bell icon for getting the update of our newly uploaded videos.