Okay, so any questions based on what we looked at so far? Chapter 10, one question is Chapter 10. Any doubts or any questions? Let's take some time to talk about that. Because it's important for us to, again, understand why Paul is addressing these things. So we'll have the right perspective ourselves and also those of us who are in places of spiritual leadership that will also address it in the right manner, not teach the right way. Yeah, any questions? Okay, so, again, no questions from Kiran, anyone else? Okay, so the thing is, I hope it's clear that the kind of connections that Paul is, you know, Paul is bringing in, he's talking about communion, he's talking about the table of the Lord, and he's talking about the table of demons. So when he's saying that, you know, we know that communion is an act of worship, is an act of acknowledgement, is a time of submitting, acknowledging what the Lord has done and therefore it is, when we take part, you know, it is in faith that it is bringing us to a place of oneness. So, and Paul's intention is that that oneness is with the Lord alone. You cannot have that oneness with demons or you, nor should you, you know, even knowingly or knowingly open yourself to that kind of oneness, right? Which is, again, the whole aspect of worship. It is not just eating something, but he's talking about the table of demons, right? Which was an invitation, which the Corinthian, maybe, you know, they were in the habit of doing, they continued to do that, and maybe they felt that, okay, hey, this is nothing. You know, I know the idol is nothing, I know the food offered to the idol is nothing, so there's nothing wrong in being there and doing that. Okay, being part of that table of demons, right? He's talking about the entire worship of demons. He's talking about the entire steps taken, maybe, the ritual, maybe, right? So, he's talking about that. So, we need to make that, you know, be clear about that. Like, just like how we saw in chapter 8, where Paul very clearly says that, you know, it's not about the idol, it's not about the food, but it's about the one who is watching, who is not mature, who is probably weak in faith, and for that sake, for that person's sake, I will not eat a food that is offered to idol. Okay, very clear. So, here, he ends this by saying that, you know, all things are helpful, but I'm going to ask two questions. You know, all things are lawful, it's allowed. Is it going to be, is it helpful for me? Does it edify me? Does it build me up spiritually? Is it helpful for me? So, the other thing is that, I'm not going to seek my own benefit, but I'm going to watch out for others. You know, does it benefit the other person also? Like, let each one seek, not his own, but also the other's well-being. Okay, let's look at verses 25 to 33, and this kind of brings an end to this whole discussion of things offered to idols, okay, and idol worship. So, he's saying, eat whatever is sold in the meat market, asking no questions for conscience's sake. For the Lord, for the earth is the Lord's, it's quoting Psalm 241, for the earth is the Lord's, and all its fullness. If any of those, so that's one thing.  You know, it's fine.  So conscience, we know, you know, is a sense of right and wrong, and the prompting in our soul, based on what is right and wrong. So he's saying, you know, ask no questions for conscience's sake. But if anyone says to you, this was offered to idols. Okay, so he's, what is the scenario? You're going to someone's, okay, prince. I'm sorry, I'm just seeing this now, verse 21. Okay, I will, yeah, we will, I'll explain that. Okay, so here he's saying, you know, what is the scenario here? So the scenario is that somebody's invited for dinner, somebody's invited for a meal, you're in that person's house, and the person says, you know, this was offered to idols. You know, this was offered as an act of worship to idols. Then he says, do not eat it for the sake of the one who told you. And for conscience's sake, okay? For the earth is the Lord's, and all its fullness. So what is he talking about? Whose conscience? He's saying conscience, I say verse 29, for your own, but that of the other. For, when he asks the question, you know, why should my freedom be judged? Why is my liberty judged by another person's conscience? Right, so if I partake with thanks, why am I evil-spoken off for the food for which I give thanks? Right, you know, in, I think it's in Timothy, right? First Timothy chapter four, let's read that. So he's saying, nothing is to be refused. Okay? First Timothy chapter four, he says, you know, he's talking about certain wrong teachings. He's saying, you know, he's calling that doctrine of demons. What is it saying? You know, first Timothy four verse one. Now the Spirit expressly says that in latter times, some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons. And he goes on to explain what is this? What are these lies and doctrines of demons, teachings of demons? Saying, speaking lies and hypocrisy, having their own conscience served with a hot iron, you know, forbidding to marry and commanding to abstain from foods which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. For every creature of God is good and nothing is to be refused if it is received with thanksgiving, for it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer. So that is something, you know, that he writes there. So we look at that scripture as well. And we see here, you know, he says verse 30, for if I partake with thanks, why am I evil spoken of the food over which I give thanks? So he's prayed, gave thanks to God, and it's sanctified and eating it. Therefore, whatever you do, so the thing is for the sake of the other person's conscience, he's saying, do not eat.  But for the sake of the other person's conscience, why? He thinks that it's... I mean, he says that it is something that is offered to an idol. And for him, it's an act of worship. He's acknowledging that idol is God.  They were also thinking that he's fine, you know, he also acknowledges this as God. So for the sake of other's conscience, do not eat is what he's saying, right? So verse 31, therefore, whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all for the glory of God. Okay, so in your eating and drinking, let God be glorified. So that's another question, you know, to ask ourselves, is God being glorified in this, right? So, you know, is it helpful? Does it edify? Is God being glorified in this? These are, you know, very useful questions for the practical living of a believer. Is it helpful? Does it edify? Is God being glorified in this? Okay, so therefore, whether you eat or drink, whatever you do, do all to the glory of God. Give no offence. Now, here's another thing.  Now, you don't give any offence, even in that refusal, right? Give no offence, either to the Jew or to the Greeks or to the Church of God, just as I also please all men in all things, not seeking my own profit, but the profit of benefit or the profit of many that they may be saved. Okay? So, you're saying, give no offence.  Don't offend people. And, you know, just as I also please all men in all things, okay, so that I might save some. Okay, now we need to understand, you know, when we look at these words, verses out of context, then, you know, it results in compromise. Compromise of what? Compromise of the standards of the word. Compromise of the message, right? Diluting the message. It results in that. Okay, if you just look at those two verses, okay, I give no offence.    It results in compromise. That's not what he's saying, right? Because he preached the uncompromised gospel, the message. He preached the message of Christ. He preached about the message of the cross. He preached about the power of God, right? So that people's faith should be in the power of God, not in the wisdom of men. So, he did all that, right? So, when he's talking about giving no offence, he's talking about, you know, primarily about refusing and in that refusing, not offending, right? So, which means you do it lovingly, you do it lovingly, you do it firmly. And also, with the understanding that the gospel is offensive, the gospel message will offend people, right? In other words, when you say that Jesus Christ is the only way, that message is offensive, right? The message itself is offensive. You don't intentionally offend anyone. There's a difference. Like, you share the message of Christ with love, and they will, you know, at times they will be offended because of the content of the message, the truth of the message, right?  The gospel says, you know, I don't offend them. I become all things to all people, to the Jews as Jews, to the Gentiles as to Gentiles, to those without the law, you know, which he says here, you know, in chapter 9 and verses, you know, verses 19 onwards, right? 19 to 23. He's repeating that here. I may also please all men in all things, not seeking my own profit, but the profit of many, not seeking my own benefit, but others' benefits, the benefit of many that they may be saved, okay? So to put it in a nutshell, right, there could be two scenarios he's talking about. There could be two situations that, you know, the Corinthian believer and also us, we might place ourselves in, we might find ourselves in. One is with regard to, you know, what is sold in the meat market. He's saying, you know, if it is sold, you know, yes, we know that it might be dedicated, it might be, you know, offered first, you know, that's the culture that we live in, okay, in India also. That's the thing, you know, everything could be dedicated to some deity and then sold, okay? So he's saying, hey, if it's sold in the market, don't worry. You know, you can't avoid this situation, right? Don't worry, just pray, give thanks, eat, nothing, no problem. But if you're in somebody's house and then they're saying, okay, this was offered, don't refuse it for the sake of the conscience, not your conscience, but the other person's conscience, why?  You know, it is an act of acknowledging the whatever he is worshiping as God. So for that person's conscience, do not, okay, do not eat. Okay, we need to understand that, right? So that is the whole thing of food offered to idols that he's talking about, okay? So I hope that, you know, maybe changes our perspective, right? The reason for which we can eat or not eat or not eat, this is the reason, okay? So we need to really understand that. So practically, you know, what do we do? Okay, here are these, you know, here is the situation and here are the scenarios that he's placed before us. You might find yourself in one of these two situations. So don't do that. Okay, so the verse 21, what Prince is asking, one contains 10 and verse 21 is, being part of the worship itself. So Prince, so here, he's saying, you cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You cannot partake of the Lord's table and the table of demons. So what is he saying here? He's saying, you know, so the verses before that explain what communion is, what communion does. Like when you take part of the Lord's table, eat the bread and drink from the cup. This is what is happening. You are actually coming into a fellowship. The word used there is koinonia, which means fellowship, partnership, sharing, coming to a place of union. So that is what is happening. So in the same manner, he's saying that, you know, when it comes to the whole thing of worship of idols and food offered to idols is part of it. So he's saying, you cannot be partaking of the table of demons. You cannot be taking part in that. And like what we saw, the Incorrent, they had this ritual or they had this practice that people would be invited for worship of different deities and it would be called the table of so and so. It will be table of whatever, you know, the name of that idol or name of that deity. So when I say deity, you know, maybe it's part of, you know, whatever temple or it's the name of that. So they are invited to this. So here he's saying, you know, you're partaking, as a believer you're partaking in the Lord's table. You know what happens when you partake of the Lord's table. I don't want you to do that over there. And partake of the table of demons because you're actually placing yourself coming to a place of fellowship or koinonia, you know, that one is spiritual union. So I don't want you to do that. So that is what verse 21 is about. Any other question, Prince, based on that, is it clear? It's, yeah, okay. You know, if it's still, you have any doubt, you can still ask, okay? Anything in particular about verse 21, if you feel that something's not clear, you can ask. Okay. Okay. So this is the thing. So this is the reason and these are the reasons for which, you know, Paul is saying that I'm going to I'm going to look out for the benefit of the people. I'm going to, you know, this is going to be our outlook, whether we eat or drink, do all for the glory of God. Do it for the glory of God and let that guide you in all that you do, right? Okay. So chapter 10, we looked at how it gives you example of the Old Testament example of people in the wilderness and what happened to them and the things that happened to them were examples and, you know, examples to admonish, correct us. So therefore, you know, consider that it lists sound five things, right? Lusting after evil things, idolatry, and these, what are the three other things that he talks about, about sexual impurity, impurity, morality, also to avoid tempting Christ and also the lastly about complaining and murmury, right? So he says, you know, these, these block our destiny this, so you avoid doing it. And one of that is idolatry and, you know, replacing God with something else. So avoid that, don't do that to flee from that and then he goes on to explain about idol worship and also this aspect of idol worship, this insight about communion and, you know, being part of the idol worship itself and being part of the food that is, you know, partaking of the food that is offered to idols and though in the natural things it seems a simple thing but significantly, spiritually this is what you are doing. So, you know, don't do that. Then some practical thing of, you know, what is sold to the meat market, what is sold to the market, food that is sold to the market and also food that is offered when you go to somebody's house and, you know, eat it, there's no problem but in someone's house when they say that this was offered so don't, right? So he explains why and so those are the reasons. So let's look at chapter 11. So chapter 11, so he's talking about a couple of other things that were there in the Corinthian church and so he's going to address that issue, right? And also we see that he's also going to talk about the communion. The Lord's table is going to be talking about that as well. So let's read through. So it starts by saying, you know, it's just a continuation. So, you know, just as I also please all men in all things not seeking my own prophet but the prophet of many that they may be saved. And then it continues by saying, imitate me just as I also imitate Christ. Now I praise you brethren that you remember me in all things and keep the traditions just as I delivered them to you. And then he's going to talk about another aspect that he wants to address. So he starts by saying, you know, imitate me as I also imitate Christ. So he's saying, you know, what does imitate mean? Imitate means closely follow or mimic, right? Mimic someone, see someone, what they're doing and do the same thing, right? So he's saying people in another words he's saying, you know, imitate me, follow me closely as I also follow the Lord closely. Okay, whatever I'm doing is what, you know, whatever I'm following in my life. I'm following the Lord closely. Okay, so you can actually imitate me.  Okay, so that's a, you know, that's a powerful statement, right? But also it talks about another aspect of leadership, which is, you know, I'm, I myself personally, I'm going to follow the Lord or I am following the Lord. Okay, so, you know, in my teaching, in my mentoring and all that, right, I'm doing that as I follow the Lord. Okay, that's, that's again, a very powerful leadership principle that it's not just pointing people, telling, pointing to people or telling people how they should live their lives according to scripture, but really showing it in our lives by example, right? So not just teaching about things and this is what the Bible says.  This is what Jesus says. So this is what I do and you can follow me as I follow Christ. Okay, so he talks about verse two. It says, you remember me in all things and also keep the traditions just as I deliver them to you.  So he has, which means, you know, some instructions he has given to them.  There's no record, but though it is not stated, like it could likely be the sacraments of the church, meaning, again, the Lord's table and talking about maybe water baptism, right? It could be because of, because everyone in the early church had an understanding of it. So it could be because it could be that, right? Okay, then he talks about another thing. But I want you to know, okay, and from then on till verse 16, right, from three to 16, he's talking about, you know, about head covering. And he's also talking about headship, okay, which means about divine order and also divine, divine, maybe divine order, God's design of flow of authority and leadership and so on, like spiritual leadership. So this is something that he goes on to share. So let's read it, verse three onwards. But I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ and the head of woman is man and the head of Christ is God.   For that is one and the same as if her head was shaved. For if a woman is not covered, let her also be shone. But if it is, if it is shameful for a woman to be shone or shaved, let her be covered. For a man indeed ought not to cover his head since he is the image and glory of God. But woman is the glory of man. For man is not from woman but woman from man, nor was man created for the woman but woman for the man.  Nevertheless, neither is man independent of woman nor woman independent of man in the Lord. For as woman came from man, even so man also comes through woman. But all things are from God. Judge among yourselves, is it proper to look at her head? Does not even nature itself teach you if a woman has long hair? But if a woman has long hair, it is a glory to her for her hair is given to her for a covering. But if anyone seems to be contentious, we have no such customs nor do the churches of God. We need to understand that Paul is addressing something that is addressing here only for the Corinthian Church. And some things that he is mentioning here, he has mentioned elsewhere also. Other places in his epistles, other places in the New Testament, things are mentioned. And so we need to make that distinction. We need to make that or see that difference. Here are some things that he is talking, only to the Corinthian Church, he is not talking elsewhere in his epistles. And here are some things that he is talking to, he is mentioning this in other places in scripture. The New Testament talks about it, the Lord talks about it.  So for us, when we make that distinction, why should we make that distinction? Why should we know that difference? Then we will know that this is something cultural, which means that regarding the culture of that place. This is an instruction which is given specifically for this church. So that truth is not applicable to all. This instruction is not applicable to everyone. It is specific for that region, for that particular place, for that people. So it's good for us to understand that. So in your notes, page 90, starting from 90 and 91, there is a table which talks about this, which addresses this very clearly. And it's good for us to take a look at that. Maybe I'll project it so that it's good. Hopefully you can see this. I'll just wait. So you see that. So we see that what is addressed in other places in scripture and what is addressed exclusively for the Corinthian Church. And also we mentioned something that is mentioned for the, what instruction which is mentioned for the Ephesian Church as well. So spiritual headship. Now these are what he says in 1 Corinthians 11 and verse 3. I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ. The head of woman is man and the head of Christ is God. So when he says head, he's not talking about the physical head. He's talking about headship. Okay. Which means, okay, if you look at, yeah, just highlighted here. So it's representing authority, leadership, governing, you know, the design, divine design for government. Okay. How things should be run, et cetera. Okay. So yeah. So it's talking about headship and simultaneously he's in the verses 5 to 16. He's talking about head covering. Now that is different from headship. Okay. We need to understand that. We're going to look at that. So he's talking about physical head covering. Okay. And we see that there's one verse. He talks about that regarding the Corinthian Church. Then he's talking about, you know, when it comes to the Lord's table, there are all these scriptures. You know, we looked at the Lord's table. Paul makes mention of it in the previous chapter about the cup and the bread and the body. How we are, you know, one, how we come into communion. He talks about that. And in this chapter also towards end, he talks about that as well, like maintaining right order and so on. So he talks about that. And in Corinth, there was a situation and he is, he's going to address that. So which is specific for Corinth, for the Corinthian church. Okay. Then about women praying, prophesying, preaching, you know, in verse 5, it says, every woman who prays or prophesies. So which means praying, prophesying by women, it's fine. Right. And we see that in several other places where there were believers gathered together, men and women who are praying. The spirit of God poured out on men and women who are praying and they experienced the baptism of the Holy Spirit. So we see that. And when he's talking about the gifts, you know, we're going to see that. So he's talking about all men and women, Ephesians 4. So women praying, prophesying, preaching, ministering. Okay. So we see that. But specifically, he gives instruction to the Corinthian church. Okay. He says, be silent. Okay. We've studied that on Corinthians 14. And also first in the chapter 2, where he says, you know, let them learn in silence. One Corinthians 14.  Let them keep silent and church and so on. So that we know is typically for the Corinthian church and the church in Ephesus. Timothy is in Ephesus. And that instruction is so as they had a similar issue or similar problem, which he's addressing. Okay. So it's good for us to know the difference so that we know what is truth that we can apply in our day and time. And what is something that is specific for that, for that day, for those people and for that particular time. Okay. So that's, that's important for us. So what does he say? He says, you know, I want you to know that verse 3, right? This is, you know, the head of man is Christ, the head of woman is man and the head of Christ is God. So he's referring to, you know, is giving some kind of a headship here, you know, a design of headship, a design of flow of authority and so on. So he's giving it here, right? He's placing this here. So the word used there, man, woman. It could refer to any male. Okay. So it could be a male when you say, okay, this is a male gender. It could refer to male or it could refer to a husband, right? Similarly, the word used there for woman, it could be referred to, you know, it could mean a woman, a female gender or it could also mean a wife. Okay. So when he says the head of the woman is the man, he's referring to a marriage relationship, right? Where he's saying that, you know, you see that in Ephesians 5 also, right? Be submissive. Ephesians 5, 22. Of course, 21, he says submit to one another in the Lord. And then 21, 22 says, you know, women are to be submit to their own husbands and so on, right? So we see that. Okay. So now, so that is something that we need to keep in mind. Okay. He's talking about a marriage relationship and he's giving a template or a design for a divine authority, a divine order. He's saying that this is what it is, right? The head of every man is Christ, meaning that every man is submitted to Christ and the head of Christ is God, referring to the Father and Christ. Okay. So for us to understand this relationship between man and woman. So we look at, you know, what he's referring to as the relationship between the headship or the relationship between Christ, the Son, and the Father. So we know that the Father, Son are co-equal, right? John chapter one verse one in the beginning was the word. So deity co-equal, not one less than the other, right? So that, so there's no superior inferior there. They are co-equal. So that is what we see in John one one, right? Yet, of course, the son took the place and submitted willingly submitted to the plan and purpose of the father to come give himself as a ransom for many and the plan of great plan of redemption, right? Happen. So in so also when it comes to man, woman, referring to husband and wife, they are co-airs of the grace of God. They are co-airs, meaning co-equal and there's no several scriptures like first Peter three, seven co-airs together of the grace of God. So there is no, sorry, Colossians, I think it's Colossians three, just one second. Yeah, Colossians three, eleven. There it talks about the, you know, difference between Greek and Jew circumcised, uncircumcised, and so on. There it doesn't refer to man and woman, but it's, you know, on the similar lines, there is no division, because everyone is one in Christ. So here, Colossians three, twenty eight specifically talks about, you know, male, female, et cetera. So there is no differentiation. Okay. So in verse 11, it says, you know, neither is man independent of woman nor woman independent of man. So just as woman came from man, even so man also comes through woman. A woman gives birth to a male baby grows up to be a man. Well, in the creation account, we read that he was created after Adam and out of Adam. So both are there. So which means there is an interdependency and the one between, you know, the husband and the wife. So the thing is that they are, the wife is submitted to the husband and it's not because man is superior and woman is inferior, but it's the divine design of God. Okay. This is how he designed. So submits to the wife submits to the leadership of the husband willingly. Okay. And so he's making it very clear.   Okay. So that does not mean that women cannot be leaders in the church. You know, efficient for, you know, the, the fivefold ministry is not restricted to men, but also, you know, men and women. So, yeah. So now what is the, what is, what is Paul's intent in sharing this? He says he goes on to share that, you know, this is God's design, this, this headship, this leadership. This is God's design. And it's not because of inferior superior, right? Just like how God the Father and God the Son are one, they are equal. So man and woman in Christ, they are co-heirs with Christ. But just like how the son submitted to the leadership of the father and gave himself as a ransom. Therefore, the woman also, you know, the wife submits to the husband willingly submits. And, you know, when you read Ephesians 5, we see that the husband loves the wife as Christ loved the church. So we see it's a sacrificial love. It's a, you know, serving love. It's, you know, all that is there, aspect is there. Okay. So now the cultural aspect is this, right?  So the cultural context is that in Corinth, like in other places, the women had long hair and the married woman would have a head covering. Okay.  That was also there in Corinth. Okay. So now in Corinth, in the church, people were getting saved and coming to church. So we would have people of all kinds of that. So you would have unmarried women. We would have married women would have, you know, people who were caught up in sin. How do we know that? We look at, we look at one Corinthians chapter one. Okay. If you can turn there quickly, look at one Corinthians one and, and he, you know, Paul is saying, hey, sorry. One Corinthians chapter six. Sorry. I'm sorry. Chapter six, right? Chapter six and verse nine. So he's saying he lists down in a fornication, idolatry, adultery, homosexuals, sodomites, thieves, covetous drunkards, revilers. Okay. So he's listed on those kinds of sin and also sinful lifestyle. And what does he say in verse 11? You were some of you. Okay. So in such way, some of you know, you were seated here in, you know, in church. Now you were like this before, before you were, and he goes on to say you were sanctified, you were washed, you were justified in the name of the Lord. Okay. So in the Corinthian church, you had people who were from that kind of background who had that kind of sinful lifestyle. It is quite possible that the women were, you know, they were married women. They were single women. They were women who were, you know, maybe temple prostitutes, you know, the temple of affinity was there. They were saved and they'd come. So all kinds. So Paul had to explain. Okay. Because this was creating an issue there.  So because uncovering of the head meant something else culturally. It meant that I'm not under, you know, authority. It meant that a rebellious or a woman of loose morals. Okay. So this is what it meant culturally. A woman with very short hair or shown a hair that is cut or a hair or a head that is shaved meant something. You know, like even in, you know, our day and time, even in our, you know, let's say, look, you look at, you know, I'm not saying Indian culture, but Hindu culture, you see that a widow from a Hindu culture would, nowadays it's not there. You know, it's not there anymore. And, you know, those days you would see that they would not wear jewels. They would wear, they would be typically dressed in white.  A woman would not continue to wear that. So, you know, you understand that. Right. So similarly, a woman who would not have her head covered, it meant something. So, you know, people in Hindu culture would, those days would look at someone like that and say, okay, she does not have a husband. She is a widow. Right. Similarly here, if a woman did not have her head covered, they would, they would assume something. Okay. Okay, this person is like that.  So he's saying, you know, you're praying, prophesying in church, ministering.  So something cultural. Right.  If it is same shameful, let her be covered. Okay. Is it? Yes, culturally, it was considered shameful. So, you know, you cover. In verse 10, he talks about something, reason why it is important for this expression of submission to spiritual authority. Okay. He says, you know, he's referring to Ephesians 3.10 where he says that, you know, that the wisdom of God is made known, is manifest, is displayed by the church, even to principalities and powers in the heavenly places, which includes angels. The wisdom of God is made manifest by the church, by the believers, because they are walking in something which, you know, which angels even desire to look into. Right. The wisdom of God, they're walking in salvation and also the wisdom that is made available through Christ or in Christ for the believer is made manifest or made visible by them through the world outside and through the heavenly principalities and powers in the heavenly places. So Ephesians 3 talks about that.  But he's very clear, right, when he comes to verse, you know, just like how verse 11 says, you know, neither is man independent of woman, nor woman independent of man and the Lord. Verse 12 explains why. Right. He goes on to say in verse 16, you know, if anyone seems to be contentious or, you know, you're fighting about this, fighting over this, he says, we have no such custom. Okay. So look at this, you know, saying this is a cultural thing. This is specific to Corinth. So I'm giving this instruction. Okay. But if you, you know, if, if you have any arguments against that, and if you are, you know, if there are any contentions, he's saying, you know, we have no such custom nor do the churches of God. Okay.  And also he ends the whole topic of head. He talks about Hitchhick, which he addresses in verses, you know, verses four and three, three, four and five. And versus six onwards, he talks about the physical covering and also, you know, the whatever is related to that, the physical covering. And in verse 16, he says, you know, we don't have any such customs. Okay.  Okay. Is that the culture of the place? Okay. I know we have certain traditions, you know, here in our own nation and different parts of the nation, you know, sometimes what is there in a, in a village setting, rural setting, you know, is different, like here in some of the, you know, some of the city churches, you see that people walk into church with the footwear, right? Well, the place is carpeted and the same people walk in. And whereas you know that there are certain places where people walk in and they remove the footwear outside and so on. They do that.   But we need to understand as people in spiritual leadership, we need to understand that there are no such customs nor, you know, not do the churches of God. We have, we do not have such custom nor do the churches of God. Okay. So he's narrating this. He's placing these instructions, which is specific to a place, a people and a certain culture. Okay. And it's important that we understand that. Okay. So we'll stop here and then we will pick up from verse 17 until the end of the chapter in next class. Okay. Okay. Have a great weekend. God bless. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you so. Thank you best.


I jumped out of his, uh, right when he was about to come down, I immediately backed out with my E and... Give me mana, give me mana, give me mana. I want mana! Got him! Yes!


Okay, the recording has started. Good morning once again. Welcome to BC 110 to the course on identity, identity in Christ. So, I requested you all to study on Section 9.  Anyone from the class, from the online? What was your understanding on Section 9? Which talks about the children and the joint hairs with Christ. What's your understanding? You would like to speak into the mic. Where's the mic, Christ? In being called the Daughters and Sons of God, we have the access to the inheritance that he has given to us. We have the access to the inheritance of what God is wanting to give to us. Okay, what God has given to us. Okay. Anyone else would like to share? Anyone from online would like to share? What is your understanding on Section 9 on the children and joint hairs with Christ? So, let's move on to Galatians chapter 3. Let's turn to Galatians chapter 3 verse 26. Even before we could start, let's pray. Father, we come into your presence with thanks and praise. Lord, we pray that we submit ourselves, each and every student, myself into your hand. We pray that you will increase us in your wisdom, knowledge and understanding. Lord, everything that you're teaching us today in this session. Lord, I pray that you will help us to understand the revelation of your word and apply it into our life, Lord. Thank you, Father, for doing it so. Lord, I pray that you will speak in and through me. Name of Jesus. Amen. So, let's turn to Galatians chapter 3 verse 26. Galatians chapter 3 verse 26. It says, you are all sons of God through faith in Jesus Christ. So, Paul is writing to Galatians and he's saying, you are all sons of God through faith in Jesus Christ. So, what is Paul trying to say? So, we have Prince here. Prince is saying, because you have put your trust, put your faith on Jesus Christ, now you have become the sons of God. So, this is what Paul is saying compared to what been taught among the Galatians. So, this was a very revolutionary statement that has been made by Apostle Paul. He's saying in the traditional Jewish thinking is related to the traditional Jewish thinking that our standing before God is measured by our obedience to the law. That our standing before God was measured by our obedience to the law.  So, what Paul is saying here? This is what the scribes and the Pharisees were saying in the Gospel of Matthew. Like, you need to observe the law. You need to follow the Sabbath. You need to keep certain things, rituals. But your Paul is making a statement for us to be considered as the son of God is in a completely different way. Not by observing the law, not by strictly following by the rituals that has been set, but putting your faith in Jesus Christ. So, there is an action and the action is very different. It's getting your personal self connected to God through Jesus Christ by having faith on Him. So, the method is very impressive how to become a son of God through faith in Jesus Christ. It means it is much more and believing, much more. It's not just faith or belief, it's much more. You need to understand that's real. That's real. That is a real relationship that we have in God. When we believe Jesus Christ as a Lord and Savior, when we put up belief and trust, now you have become the sons of God. You have become the child of God. The sonship which was lost at the very beginning due to sin, due to the fall of man, has now been restored back through Jesus Christ and this is real. And we need to believe that. How? By renewing our mind. Not by any ritualistic act. Not by following something, not by a hard work. This is not something that we deserve. But this is something that has been freely given to us by God Himself. So, we need to know what happens when we put our faith in Jesus Christ. We become the son of God. So, it is for us to put our trust in Jesus for now and for eternity you have this relationship. What is it? The sonship. The sonship what you have, what has been restored through Jesus Christ is your new identity. And this is real. This is real identity because that which was lost has been now restored and this restoration is for eternal. This can only happen when we believe. Paul is saying it is much more than belief, much more than having a faith. It is much more. Why? Because it is your eternal. It is the eternal identity. So, you need to think, I am into God's kingdom. This is my new birth and I have my new identity and this is real and forever. Now, if somebody tells you, you don't belong to this family. This is not your mom and dad.  If somebody says you don't belong, it is very difficult for you to accept it. Isn't it? Because you know that you have been birthed into this family. These are your parents. You have the medical records. You know everything. So, it is something like that. You have been born into this family. You have been birthed into the kingdom of God. And this is your family. This is your relationship that you have with the father is your father. You have that sense within your wife. The spirit of the Lord who is living inside you gives you that sense of relationship, gives you the sense of the sonship that you are the son and you are the daughter of the most high God. You get the sense within you because you have put your faith on Jesus Christ. This is what John also says. Can we turn to the Gospel of John chapter 1? Gospel of John chapter 1 verse 12 and 13. Can I request one of y'all to please read? But as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in his name, who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. Thank you. So, what does John chapter 1 verse 12 and 13 says? It says, as many as received him, as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become the children of God. So what is it? What's the idea of receiving Jesus? What the scripture says is valid. The scripture says as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become the children of God.  This is what the scripture says. So if the scripture says, the scripture is saying that it is right. When we receive Jesus as a Lord and Saviour, we have now become the child of God. So we need to embrace this truth. We need to receive Jesus as a Lord and Saviour and believe in this truth because this is what it says. As many as received, it's just another saying, those who believe in the name of Jesus. Those who believe, those who put their trust in the name of Jesus have a new relationship in the kingdom of God. So what is needed here? Faith. The word receive is nothing but we putting a faith in the name of Jesus. So it is something like this. We are not toiled for it. We have not worked hard to earn this relationship. But it is a free gift given to us. What is the free gift given to us? Eternal relationship, eternal sonship.  Now we have given the highest position that has been seated the right hand of God through Jesus Christ. That position which was not available to us through Adam but now it is available to us through Jesus Christ. How did we get this position? A sonship position. That place, the right hand of God, the place at the right hand of God is given to his beloved son. It's been reserved for his beloved son. Now you and I through Jesus Christ have become the child of God not only just the child of God like one among the others, no. We have been given the same position what has been given to Jesus Christ in him. Now when we believe Jesus as a Lord and Saviour receive him into us now we have been restored back to that relationship with the child of God, the children of God and where we are seated we are seated in the right hand of God in Jesus Christ. So we have become one with Jesus. This is what it says in John 15 isn't it? When you abide in me, I abide in you. We have become one. You know many people witness when we study the history when he say Paul, Apostle Paul has never seen Jesus. Apostle Paul has never seen Jesus. Yes, we had 12 disciples who were with Jesus. They saw Jesus. But those who were with Jesus who walked with him that is the disciples started to look like him. That's why when the Roman soldiers came to address Jesus they could not identify him. They asked who is Jesus here? Jesus was moving among them. Isn't it? He was preaching, teaching. He was one among the public. But what happened? When you relate yourself with Jesus you become like him. Though Apostle Paul did not see Jesus though maybe others did not see Jesus but the relationship what Apostle Paul had with Jesus you know people witness him like he looks like Jesus and he talks like Jesus. Now it was not only back then even now the people, the servant of God when you read in God's general those who walked in love with God who started sharing the gospel and ministering to people about Jesus. People have witnessed them though we have not seen Jesus the person, in person but now we could see Jesus or we could hear Jesus through this person. Many people witness like that. One such that has been recorded in the God's general in the church history is Sadhu Sundar Singh from India who lived in Punjab. He's a man from a different faith who received Jesus as a Lord and Saviour. He transformed his life and he lived like how Jesus lived and when he went different places to share the word. When people looked at him people stated that he looked like Jesus and he spoke like Jesus and he lived like him. So what happens to us when we put our faith, when we put our trust, when we believe in Jesus we reflect him in and through us. So what is the spirit of the Lord who's living in us is doing? He's working in us we are working in progress. How? For us to become more like Jesus. The spirit of the Lord who's living in us is leading us to be more like Jesus. That's when we start responding, when we start seeking God and trying to do things that pleases him. You see you are becoming more like Jesus.  Why? Because we have the Christ, we have the spirit of the Lord who's living inside us. So this is what we get to know from this scripture. The word children means born one who are born new into the family of God. So believers who are born new, these are the little ones, these are the children who have been born into God's family. Who have been birthed into God's family. And your John reminds us of the nature of the birth. What is the nature of the birth that John reminds us? Not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. So what is he saying here? Those who receive Jesus as a Lord and saviour are born of God. So we are born of God. Not with the human effort, or the achievements. It is a spiritual birth. As you have been born real into this world as a human it's so real that you have been born in God. It's so real that you have been born of God into the spiritual kingdom. The relationship what you have with God is so real. That you are the child of God. God is abiding in you and you in him. Your way of life, the thought of life is now different. This new birth is something that actually brings a change into your life.  You are a new being. Maybe outwardly your skin color height weight may not have changed but the inside person, the spirit man, has been born new. He is new in the Lord. Now his thoughts, his way of life is new. He is not the same as you were before. You are not the same. Now you try to live according to God. Now you see the fruit of the spirit has become your identity. Now what is the fruit of the spirit? Love, peace, patience, joy, self control endurance, long suffering. Then gentleness. These are your fruits. Now your life will try to live according to that pleases God in the fruit of the spirit. That's what the scripture says. You will know the tree by its fruit. Now what fruit are we bearing? We believe in Jesus. We have received him as a Lord and Saviour. So if you are into God's kingdom, if you are a child of God, now how our life should be? Shouldn't it reflect the fruit of the spirit? Yes or no? Our way of life should reflect the fruit of the spirit. We should be in the reflection of Christ. Because we are the child of God. We are in the sonship with Christ, with God. So when John chapter 15 says, when you abide in me and I abide in you, we have become one. Now we need to allow the nature of Christ to grow into this person, into this new child. So how do we grow? It is a process. Intentionally, you will see to it that you do not do the things that you were doing before. You will start doing the right things that pleases God. So there is an effort. There is a decision that we need to make. What is the decision? The decision that we need to make that pleases God. Now if you decide, I have a new identity. I have this new relationship with God. I am a child of God. So as a child of God, there are certain things that displeases God which I need to put away. I need to put away. And now there are certain things that I need to hold on to. I need to embrace this. So that is a decision that you need to make. The decision that you make is what will bear a good fruit in each of us. So the tree is known by its fruit. The nature what has been displayed in and through us in our daily life. Different instances with all people around us has been displayed. So what is the nature that we carry is something that we need to ponder and think of because you do not have the relationship what you used to have before. Now you are a child of God. Your identity is in Christ. So with this new identity what fruit are we bearing is something that we need to think and ponder. Am I doing the right things in my life? Am I bearing the right fruit? Am I showing? Am I reflecting Christ likeness in my life with everyone around me? In my ministry, in my workplace, in my family with my friends. For those who are married with our kids, with our spouse, with our in-laws are we showcasing Christ likeness in us. This is something that we need to ponder and think of. Why? Because if just an illustration. If you take a watch to the mechanic, the watch has some kind of problem. The watch to a mechanic. Now the mechanic has not done anything. Your watch looks the same. The dial, the hand, everything looks the same. But what did the mechanic do? The mechanic worked with the machine that is inside. Inside. He has fixed certain parts that was not working well before. He has fixed it He has worked inside. The inward part of the watch. He has fixed it and he has given that watch to you. Now the watch is set right and it is working perfectly fine. Now what is the change in the watch? It looks the same. The change, the dial, the hand, everything is the same. And now it's working fine. The way the watch need to be working. It's showing the right time. It's moving the second hand is ticking correctly. The short hand and the long hand is moving perfectly fine with the rhythm. How a clock needs to function. So what was the change? The change was inward. The change was inward. The same way. When we see this as a Lord and Saviour, the spirit of the Lord we have invited him inside. Now he is setting things right inwardly. In our mind, in our heart, in our inward spirit. Setting things right. That which was not functioning or working well before but now it has been set right. It has been set right to perform well. Now our life which has been set right by the spirit of the Lord who is working in us, it should only bring glory to God. So we need to check our life. Every action, every word and deed of us isn't bringing glory to God. We need to check that. We need to ponder on us. Why? Because we are not the same person who we were before. We have a new identity. Now this identity does not depend on the opposite person. How well they behave. This does not depend on others or on your circumstance for your behaviour. We need to set things right.  Can your clock work differently? Now due to the weather, the climate has changed. The clouds have become dark. It looks like night. It is day. What is the time now? In India it is 11.30 am. Because of the weather change, we have a thick dark cloud covering. It looks like evening maybe 6.37. Just because it is looking that way, does the clock change the timing? Did it change? It looks that way. You also feel it is like evening. Did the watch timing change? Did the clock timing change? No. The clock works exactly in the way it is programmed. So if a clock can work how much more you and I can work? Greater is he who is in us. The Lord is in us. He is strengthening us through his grace and through his strength. Can we not react to the opposite person's behaviour in a very pleasant way? Can we not react to the situation that is around us? Can we show Christ's likeness in that area to that person to that circumstances? Human nature is designed to rebel. But we are not in that nature now, isn't it? The Christ in us, we have a new identity. This is what Jesus thought us, isn't it? If one slaps a cheek he is saying us to show another cheek. Which is not human. Human nature is for one eye given, take off another eye, isn't it? Evil for evil. But here the scripture is teaching us to good. Don't repay evil with evil, but repay it with good. So this is the new nature that Christ is asking us to apply it in us. Sean has a question. You want to say something? I just wanted to add to the eye to an eye, a tooth for a tooth. I think may be wrong, but I think that's how we used to be in the Old Testament. But then when he came to the New Testament he said, the Lord said that it shouldn't be no longer for an eye for an eye or a tooth for a tooth, but it should be a good thing for a good thing. If someone pays it, he will pay it back with good. Thanks Sean. Yes. That's how in the Old Testament people used to live. In the New Testament, what does our father say? Forgive others as I have been forgiven. Then God forgive us. Though we were not perfect, God has forgiven us. His grace is so much that he has forgiven us. So now God is asking as I forgive you, you forgive others. And also he says, love your neighbour as you love yourself. That neighbour can be anybody, maybe your enemy, maybe your friend, but in any day is your neighbour. So you should love him. Yes. Thanks Sean. Yes. That is one of the commandments, right? Jesus gave the two commandments. One was love your neighbour as yourself. As Sean said, the neighbour can be anyone. The neighbour can be anyone. So we need to love. Why? Because God and this love of God is within us. Romans 8 28 says, can we turn to Romans 8 28 to 30? Can I have you all read slowly? You can turn to Romans 8 28 to 30 and I want one person to read it slowly. Sean, are you reading? Romans 8 chapter verse 28. We know that in all things, God works for good with those who love him, those whom he has called according to his purpose. Those whom God had already chosen, he also set apart to become like his son. So that the son would be the first among many believers. And so those whom God set apart, he called and those he called, he put right with himself. He shares glory with them. Thank you. So we see that in Romans 8 28 it starts by saying, we know that all things work together for good. We see that God's sovereignty and his ability to manage every aspect of our life. We see that and it has been also demonstrated in the very fact of his work. By saying, together for good to those who love God. There is a condition there, to those who love God. Though we must face a suffering times, the present time, but God is affirming us that he is able to make even those suffering work together for our good work. So God is more than able to change our situation and circumstances for our good. We may get ourselves deviated and move away sometimes or go astray from God's plan.  No matter how far that circumstance or that situation would have taken each of us far from God. But God is saying just like the prodigal son, just like the parable of the lost sheep. The minute the sheep calls the shepherd hears the sheep's voice and he runs. So all that the sheep did was one step, one step what the shepherd did. It took that 99 step to reach that sheep. The same way, no matter how far we would have gone in our life, in our journey away from God's plan, but God has designed for you and me.  And everything that you suffered, everything that you went through I am more than able to make that turn it to your good. I have a plan. What is the plan in Jeremiah 2019-11? Plan to prosper you to give you success. From the very beginning God works for his children to prosper them, to multiply them, to make them fruitful in every area. This is God's plan and this is God's design for you and me. This is what again in Romans 828 it's been confirmed to us saying that we know that in all things it works together for our good, for those who love God. So God is able to work out all things. It's not just some area. Every area of our life we can make it a blessing when we surrender to God. Are we keeping any area hidden from God? We need to check. If there is a certain area you don't see the hand of God in your life, we need to recheck. Have I submitted that area to God? Have I asked God to help me in that weakness? Have I invited God to help me overcome in that area? If that was your prayer, you see that area change and transform to God's glory. You see how God can change and he can make that work for your good. The very area that you struggle the very area that you will look down, when you surrender that area to God and ask him to help you in that area he will not only help you to overcome but he will raise you as a witness in that area where you can help others. He will raise you to be a blessing in that area to others. You see how God can turn that to your good and make you a blessing to others? So this is what the scripture says. The scripture says when you love God, when you love God, you see the hand of God move on your behalf. You see the hand of God help you overcome everything and he will change it for his glory. The scripture also says to be conformed to the image of his son Jesus Christ. So it is our participation is required in the eternal plan of God. It is very important and it is very essential for us to take part into this God's plan. How do we take part by inviting God, by asking his help by doing the right things and asking God, you help me so that we can fulfill God's purpose into our life so that we might be conformed into the image of his son Jesus Christ. So is this one day process? It is a lifelong process. Every time you fall you say, Lord help me. Don't give up, that's not our nature that's not in our DNA. The DNA of God is never to give up because God is not giving up. When God is not giving up we should not. The scripture says when you are weak then you are strong. In our weakest moment is where you can experience the greater power of God. Your weakest moment. Many instances in the scripture we see when we read from the Old Testament and also the disciples in the New Testament in the weakest moment they sought the Lord and the Lord strengthened them. When Jesus was on this earth, he found himself very weak and vulnerable he went to the Garden of Gethsemane and he prayed God, if it is your will, move this cup. So what did Jesus do in his weakest moment? He prayed he knelt down, he asked God for help what did God do? Did he abandon him there? No God comforted Jesus by sending his angel check out his disciples. In the weakest moment they cried out to God. After the death of Jesus they always scattered into different place. They were filled with fear. Fear is not from God.  What did they do? They all came together one day. In the upper room they gathered together. And what did they do? They prayed, Lord lead us, guide us, how are we going to take this great commission that you have given to us? We are so scared we are so fearful. You help us. When they cried out with one cord and one mind, what happened? God sent his Comforter. The Holy Spirit was poured out on them. The same people few seconds before, few minutes before were so fearful.  Now when they receive the Comforter when they receive the Holy Spirit are filled with courage and boldness. The same Peter who betrayed Jesus three times saying that I do not know him. Now he is standing front of the 3,000 people and addressing the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Now where did this boldness come from? A fisherman who do not know how to speak. A fisherman may not carry the wisdom that he is speaking with that now. How did he get this wisdom? From where? He do not have any knowledge like the Pharisees and the Sadducees. But from where did he get this, what he is sharing with the 3,000 people?  The weakest moment when we see God, he becomes our strength. He becomes our strength. That is what happens when we have the sonship relationship with God. We become more like Jesus. Every area, every act of our life will reflect the Son. Can we today ask God God, we are the child of God. We have been adopted into your kingdom as sons and daughters. This adoption is not like the adoption like you were, not born of the family we are taking you known. This adoption is being born into the family of God. You have been birthed into the family of God. You have the birthright. You have the inheritance of God. You have been seated in the highest position through Jesus Christ at the right hand of the Father. With this we can ask God, God change me from within so that I may reflect you. I may reflect your son Jesus Christ in every area. Lord, I invite you into the weakest point, the weakest area in my life. Here I am. Submit to God every area of your life to God and invite God. When you invite, the spirit of the Lord who is in you will enable you to overcome. Can we do that today please? Let's pray. We thank you. We thank you for your son Jesus Christ for the work that he did on the cross, for the restoration of a relationship with you. Thank you Lord. Thank you for the great plan that you had from the very beginning towards restoring each of us Lord. We are destined to be your child. We are destined to be your son, your daughter. Thank you for the great plan that you have in store for us.  Thank you for revealing it to us in time. Thank you that you have chosen us from the very beginning Lord. Thank you that you knit us together in our mother's womb. That we are wonderfully and fearfully made. Thank you that your eye is always upon us. That you are leading us and guiding us. That you never forsake us Lord. Even in our weakest moment when we look up to you and call our father you are there to strengthen us. You are there to lead us.  You are there to forgive us. You are there to strengthen us. You are there to restore us. Restored back to the same position that we had before. Thank you Lord. Father I surrender each and every student and to those who watch later. Lord I pray that you will minister to each one of us. That you will strengthen us. Help us to be mindful of you Lord as you are mindful of us. That we will be able to do what pleases you. Thank you for the deep love that you have over us Lord. No matter what that you will never give up on us. Thank you for that strength. Thank you for that relationship. Thank you for this new identity Lord.  Thank you that you will strengthen us so that we can reflect Christ in every area of our life Lord.  Thank you Lord. In Jesus name we pray Amen. Thank you each one for joining in today's session. God bless. I hope it was a blessing and I pray that we will apply everything that we study everything that we study in our life. Thank you. God bless.


All right, so today I'm here to present Orbut. I'm Raino Larry. Orbut's a project worked on by quite a few people. Ron is a big contributor. There's some contributors in the crowd today. I see Christian Svensens here. So who here is familiar with Quabut? A lot of people. So Orbut is basically a fork of Quabut without C code. It's all written in Rust. That's the main thing behind it. So in this talk, I'll talk about what Orbut is. Some of the familiar challenges we ran into, some of the challenges we ran into with Rust, what targets it supports. So there's a few RISC-5 targets it supports, and some design decisions that has gone on in making it. So what is Orbut? So I'm missing someone's favorite project here. This is a list of some other open source firmware projects, like UBoot, Linux Boot, Quaboot, Nerf. The big thing behind all these projects, all the existing projects today, is all written basically in C. Most of these use C code somewhere in the project. And that's kind of a, across all firmware projects, that's kind of a big common pattern you'd see. And C is kind of an old language, probably like 40 or 50 years old. And what we really wanted to do is use a modern, more safe sort of language. There's also another, there's other things we're trying to fix in Orbut. So for example, we want to jump to the kernels quickly as possible. We want to push as much work into the kernels possible. We kind of want to use the Linux Boot model. We don't want to implement lots of device drivers in the firmware. Linux has great drivers already, very secure drivers, very fast. We want a stricter policy on what is accepted as open source code. Remains, Orbut supports a few targets, including Visk 5, also supports X86 and ARM, but we really want to limit it to platforms which are fully open source. We want to, yeah, another big, okay, so I'll go over what the very simple, simplistic view of what firmware should be doing.  We kind of want to cut out from the firmware everything else, like we don't want a whole network stack, we don't want a whole USB stack. We want it ready immediately to run your software. One of the big goals behind that is a one-second boot. We want to build a boot, a platform like a BMC or a laptop in one second. And we'll believe if the advances in REST and other things we could use, we could achieve this goal, possibly using code teams or a parallelism. REST provides lots of safety in that regard which isn't seen in many other pieces of firmware. So I'll go over the boot flow of ORBOOT. This is very similar to how core boot works, but there's a few modifications. So at the beginning we have the boot blob. This is where the first instruction resides. It excludes directly out of flash, initializes the CPU and the basic hardware and it prints a single debug message, welcome to ORBOOT. Then it sets up the static RAM, like the caches RAM. And then it jumps to the RAM stage. The beginning of the RAM stage is still executed directly from flash and has very little memory to work with, probably about 30 kilobytes on some embedded platforms. And the only purpose of this stage is to initialize the RAM. Once the RAM is initialized, it's ready to jump to an operating system. So the next stage is a payloader stage. So this doesn't delete with network stacks and disk drivers, it jumps directly to the operating system. And the operating system might be one such a Linux boot which does have the network stack, does have the disk drivers and that jumps to whatever your software would be. Skip this piece of time. So how many of you are familiar with REST? So quite a few people. So for ORBOOT we came up with this driver model. So each driver has four basic functions, initialization, shutdown, as well as a read and write. So P-read is positional read, so read has specific position. So let's see implement stuff like block devices. So here's an example of how you would use the P-read function. Just say you had a block device which is 100 bytes. You have your 32 byte buffer. You keep calling the P-read function. On this buffer, it reads 32 bytes every time and eventually it gets to the end and you pass in the cursor every time you read from it. The reason we do this instead of a read function is because P-read is immutable. You pass in the cursor every time. Which from a REST perspective, it's a lot nicer to work with because in REST you could have multiple immutable references to the same object. So these are a few examples of the drivers we've implemented in ORBOOT. So we have a memory driver which reads directly from memory. We have some serial drivers. We have a spy driver. We also have what we call virtual drivers. So these kind of work on, they don't work with physical hardware but they work with, it's a nice abstraction. So for example, just say you have a console in your firmware where you write output two and you want that output vision to multiple devices. For example, you have multiple UARTs. You can use the console driver and you give it a list of drivers and it kind of replicates the output to each one. So this is kind of a nice interface. In REST makes it safe to implement. If you compare this to C where they don't really have language support for interfaces, it's a very nice breath of fresh air. And in REST you also get printf for free. So printf is part of the core language in REST. They have a printf implementation which you could rate the output to whatever you are to a device you want. So for Orboot we didn't use CBFS. We didn't use the core boot file system. Instead we came up with a new system called the DTFS. This is basically a file system implemented using the device tree. The main reason behind this is we just have one, we already had to rate a processor for device tree. So we might as well just reuse it for the file system as well in the firmware. You can see an example of one that we put in a 60 megabyte part. So we have the boot blub at the beginning and then we have different payloads, et cetera. And then the other nice thing about a device tree is the Linux, you just pass in the device tree Linux and it's exposed in the Sys file system, Sys slash device tree. And you can see all the payloads and items under that. And here's an example for the Sci-Fi board. This is the DTFS that we use for that. And you can see this multiple, I think there's three payloads here. So this is kind of how we organize the source code for the firmware. We have, it's very similar to core boot. We have a directory for the mainboards, slash the vendor, slash the specific mainboard. We have packages for the CPU, for the SOC, for the drivers, as well as the payloads. Details with the build system. One interesting feature we're using from rest is it makes it easy to just allocate everything on the stack, which is very useful during early firmware. Everything's allocated on the stack and you could tell at compile time how much stack you use as a tool which tells you. So you could formally prove how much memory your program is gonna use and whether it's gonna fit in the very small SRAM or a current system. Another thing we're trying to work out is coroutines. This is for the one second boot I mentioned earlier. Vast has language safety features which would greatly help in doing this to make it safe to implement coroutines. This is still a work in progress and if anyone wants to help out with this, we'd greatly appreciate the help. So the first target we did was ARM but you're probably not too interested in this. And we did ARM, ARM QMU, ARM on hardware. And then we switched to the high-five unleash board. So it has five cores, so five hearts. It has the heart zero, which has everything but a floating point unit and then four other hearts, which are capable of any index. At first, we wanted to run it in, we preferred to run Linux in M mode. The idea being Linux would run in M mode. The user mode would be in U mode. Linux would run without an MMU. So we needed some patches from first off Helvig. And we found some challenges with this. Then we switched to using Orboot to with OpenSBI as a payload. And that put Linux for us, which works a lot better. But we're still trying to run Linux in M mode. The main reason is we wanted Linux to be the only thing we're doing system like the lowest layer as well as some performance improvements to not having to contact switch to M mode. So I could show you the demo of. So to run it, you just type cargo make. So if you're in the directory for this mainboard, type cargo make run and it runs in QMU. And you can see here it boot into Linux. Linux running in M mode and then it crashed because there's no native MFS. So the next thing that we're working on right now is the next target is open Titan all gray. So there's currently no ASIC you can purchase to test this on. So your work has to be done in very later on a FPGA. It's a more embedded system. So this can't run next. So we can't do something like Linux boot. So we'll have to end up implementing more of these drivers inside Orboot. At this point, it's still a work in progress. We've gotten some simple hollow worlds and jumping to some simple payloads. But our main goal is to boot the tar kernel which is a kernel also written in rest and targeted for embedded systems. So this is how you can get involved. So we have a Slack. You can join that link. We have the GitHub. You can check it out. We have some documentation on how you can build and run it on various targets. Here's some items you could help us with. We have GitHub issues for these. And if you want to work on it, just ask on Slack and we can get you started. All right. Any questions? There's a secure boot in this case. I'll tell you where you wanted to be a hardware we trust. How does it interface? Are you going to have drivers to like the access station hardware? Yes. So we'll need some drivers for the AES hardware to implement secure boot. That's one of the projects we're kind of, that we need help with. Some verified boot system. Mainly right now, we're just trying to get the operating system to boot the tar kernel. But once we get that part, it shouldn't be too difficult to work with the details of a secure boot system. Oh, repeat the questions. Okay. Any other questions? Yeah. So the question is, does Orboot serve SPI calls or do we use OpenSPI? So when we use OpenSPI as the payload, OpenSPI serves those calls. We don't have any code in Orboot to serve OpenSPI calls. Many Vendniks are in M mode. It doesn't require that. So if you wanted OpenSPI calls, you would just use OpenSPI as a payload. Just as a payload. So it's a binary blob. So you just jumped? Yeah, we just jumped to it. Any other questions? Oh, here we go. Oh, okay. So that's where things have changed. I have a backup slide for this here. So this is our x86 policy. We put some thought into exactly what the policy should be. The problem is for x86 platforms nowadays, we need some sort of closed source blobs. We're working on sort of a measure to measure it, like what percent of the firmware is closed source, how much of it is open source. But you could find this policy on the GitHub. I think Ruan is sort of starting work on this. Yeah, but the difficulty is you can't make a fully open source x86 system at this point. Thank you.


S-N-P-S-N-A-STROKE. Nope! It's not! And I want to thank you for watching, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.