Thank you, John. Thanks for the remarks and for hosting us today here at the Center for American Progress. And thanks to all of you for coming to this 14th Law.gov workshop. Law.gov is an idea, an idea that the primary legal materials of the United States are the rules of our society, of the raw materials of our democracy, and that these materials should be and easily could be more readily available for all to use. The sophistication and complicated nature of primary legal materials in the United States over the last two centuries has brought out the best in American innovation and in the practice of the mechanics of American jurisprudence. Henry Wheaton created the golden book of American law when in 1816 he started reporting the Marshall Court, establishing a record for the Supreme Court and helping to establish the standards for reporting for all of our courts. The national reporter system was created by John West in 1876 as a weekly newsletter about the courts in Minnesota, and by 1887 had evolved into a system covering every state jurisdiction with a standard citation system, well-structured metadata, professional summaries of the key points of law. In the early 1990s, the federal judiciary created PACER, a system that the honorable J. Rich Leonard, one of the architects of PACER recounts, is the most robust and comprehensive access program in any court system in the world currently. He goes on to say, those of us who have had a hand in it over the years are proud that we originated it entirely within the federal courts without any external requirements, showing what remains our complete internal commitment to transparency and accountability. Judge Leonard is correct. These are great accomplishments, and they should be commended. They served the legal profession well, and they served democracy well. William Jennings Bryan in his famous Cross of Gold speech said that changing conditions make new issues, and that the principles upon which democracy rests are as everlasting as the hills, but they must be applied to new conditions as they arise. The internet is a new condition that has arisen, and we must once again apply the principles upon which democracy rests. For the last six months, Law.gov has been a national conversation about our legal system and how primary legal materials are distributed. The conversation began in January at the Stanford Law School and concludes this week here at the Center for American Progress later this week at the Harvard Law School. Fifteen workshops around the country have involved 650 participants. As we've examined the basic premise of Law.gov, government institutions that make the law, entities that originate primary legal materials, these jurisdictions should make their work product available in bulk with no restrictions on use, and this work product should be held in authenticated, well-formatted, and complete repositories. This principle goes across all three branches of government, reaches the loliest water district through the cities, counties, and states, to the Supreme Court, the Congress, and the President. By primary legal materials, we mean the work product of these lawmaking institutions, including their documents of primary authority, but also the supporting documents they issue that one must use to interpret the law. Now this is a slippery slope, a definition that's most clear on the peaks of our legal system, and becomes harder to apply as we descend from the hills into the depths of the lower jurisdiction. So for the Congress of the United States, this means not only the public laws, the statutes at large, the U.S. Code, but also the hearings, reports, and rules of the House and the Senate. Given the place of the U.S. Congress in our society, this also means that the full archive, all the laws and all the hearings and all the reports should be available. For the Supreme Court, I'm sorry, for other legislative bodies such as a municipal council, the collection need not be as complete, but even a municipal council should make available in bulk with no restrictions the current ordinances they promulgate. For the Supreme Court of the United States, this certainly means all the opinions and briefs and oral arguments should be made available as an authenticated repository signed by the court and accessible to all. And again, as we move down into the 7,436 state courts, or the 3,140 U.S. counties, or the 19,289 incorporated municipalities, the definition of primary legal material should be adjusted to meet the circumstances. There's been a tendency in our courts to avoid confronting the question of what's public and what is private. There are clearly cases that should be sealed, information that should be redacted for security or privacy reasons, social security cases, family law, bankruptcy, all pose very difficult issues of what should be public and what should be private. But we can't depend on security through obscurity, thinking that we can avoid the hard decisions on what to publish, simply by saying the materials are only available for those with a credit card. Security through obscurity doesn't work in the internet age, and our courts must confront the issues directly of what is public, not just say that the records are public for the rich and therefore are safe. There's a number of uses of legal materials that are not possible under the current system. Uses that are forestalled because of the restrictions on access, restrictions that control how the legal materials can be used. Even the multi-billion dollar legal information industry is not well served by the current system, and it's a strong participation of our commercial colleagues in the law.gov process. The PACER system for access to our federal trial courts is a good example of inequitable restrictions on access to the law. PACER proceeds funded $129 million in 2009 expenditures for the administrative office of the US courts. A revenue stream they've come to depend upon to purchase courtroom technology and their loath to relinquish. PACER has over one million account holders. The administrative office, a conference of the courts, is proud that they waive fees that are $10 a quarter or less, and they say that over 50% of their users don't end up getting billed. But $10 per quarter at 8 cents per page translates into four 30-page documents. And you can't do a lot of serious research with four 30-page documents every three months. So you have to think that perhaps a demand for these materials is artificially constrained by the price. We should not forget that if you want to be one of those one million account holders, you have to have a valid credit card. And if you don't have a valid credit card, you can go petition a judge for free access. But I'm not convinced that petitioning a federal judge is a lower barrier to access. So what uses are not possible under the current system established for PACER? In the law doc of process in the last few months, we've heard a few very compelling examples. First, many valid public interest uses of the bulk data in PACER are essentially prohibited. When my organization was able to audit 20 million pages of PACER documents, documents which would have cost over $1.5 million to purchase at retail, we found 30 district courts in substantial violation of our privacy laws. That audit of 30 district courts led to a change in the digital conference privacy procedures, but the audit was only a small portion of the federal district courts, and our audit did not extend to the bankruptcy courts. We cannot afford the price to continue the audit, a price tag of millions of dollars, a barrier to access that stopped our efforts dead in their tracks. I put it to you that being able to audit the district courts of the United States for privacy violations, for discrimination in the application of civil rights laws, or any other examination of how our system of justice functions is technically possible today, and only a paywall keeps us from performing those valuable public functions. It's not just applications like legal research and public accountability that suffer when the law is not available. It's our system of legal education. A survey of 66 law schools found that 63 of them do not let their law students access PACER because of cost considerations. Our law students do not learn from our federal trial courts because of the cost, and law students are not the only ones who suffer. Most other semi-professional uses such as journalism and business research are all self rationing because of the cost. There's two other effects of the paywall on a system such as PACER, and effects are both about innovation, innovation in the legal market and innovation in government. Innovation in the legal market has been slow and painful for the last 20 years, and this is because the law has been parceled out to a series of exclusive concessionaires, private fences around the public domain, which has meant that acquiring the rules of our society, America's operating system, if you will, acquiring the source code is an expensive proposition indeed, and it's hard to understand why it's not open source. The estimate to purchase rights for a decent collection of case law statutes and regulatory materials in the United States is 10 to 50 million dollars. If you want to be an internet startup, if you have a better idea how to get the law to consumers, or an idea for a better citator or fact checking system, you need big bucks to get started. That barrier to innovation is large enough that even Google took two years searching around for a decent collection of case law before they were able to purchase the cases to add to their Google Scholar product. Artificial barriers to entry have meant little innovation in the private sector, and the innovation we've seen is big company innovation, which is of course useful and necessary to serve large enterprises such as the big law firms. But the mind-bending startup, the innovative new business model, the previously unthought-of niche player, those are not possible today. There's a flip side to innovation in the market, and that's innovation within government. Judge Leonard says that PACER was originated entirely within the federal courts without any external requirements. But one of the virtuous cycles of the internet is that we all learn from each other how to do things better. External requirements are good. Judicial independence should be independence from other branches of government, not from the public. One of the things I've learned in 30 years of building computer networks is that on the internet there's always somebody smarter than me. And if I put the data out there, somebody will invariably do something I haven't thought of. This afternoon we're going to hear from the government printing office and the office of the federal register about the innovations that flourished when they made the official journals of government available as a bulk feed of authenticated data, and how those innovations have cycled back to make their own work easier. This virtuous cycle of innovation and efficiency has not been possible in the PACER system because the courts did indeed proceed without external requirements and external inputs. There's a thought that the law is just for lawyers, but one of the things that's always amazed me about the internet is just how popular real data is. When I put the SEC's Edgar database on the internet, the thought in government circles was that real Americans would have no interest in the filings of public corporations. The same thing with U.S. patents. And even with the opinions of the Court of Appeals of the United States, a body of work to contain some of the finest writing in America, the work of judges Cardoza and Leonard Hand, judges Posner and Bork and Easterbrook, there was skepticism that people would be able to read these writings and understand them. In all cases, these documents have proved wildly popular and incredibly useful. The public's appetite for the public's data is very much unquenchable, but we never know when the stream is stopped up at the source. Before coming out to Washington, D.C., I spent the weekend processing government videotapes, which is one of the things our nonprofit corporation does. For $25, the State of California's Department of Public Health sold me a fascinating two-hour training program about the safer processing of juice. Valuable information for those thinking of opening a juice factory and obligatory information for those already in the business. The video had segments on agricultural processes and raw materials, on processing design and packaging, on cleaning and sanitizing and personnel practices, but the longest segment by far was that on regulations, requirements, and legal guidance. And if you want to make juice in California, you need much more than a good supply of mangoes. You need to know about these laws. Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations deals with sanitation in food plants. The Office of Administrative Law of the State of California asserts copyright over this California Code of Regulations and contracts with Barclays to publish the document. You can view the provisions on their website, but I can't make a copy that looks differently one that's aimed specifically at juice people. For your juice business, you also need to be familiar with the California Health and Safety Code Part 6, the California Food Sanitation Act. You'll also want to be familiar with Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, particularly the standards on packaging or holding human food and on sanitation standard operating procedures. And of course, you need to be fully familiar with the HACIP regulations, a series of detailed standards on hazard analysis and critical control points from the Food and Drug Administration. The HACIP regulations, in turn, incorporate by reference a raft of technical standards, such as ANSI NSF standard number 7 for commercial refrigerators and storage freezers, which is $100 per copy if you want to do due diligence on your freezer and read the text spec. These documents are just the start for the serious juice professional. You must of course consult your public safety codes, all of which are only available from designated exclusive vendors, such as the National Fire Protection Association. You'll want the building codes for your jurisdiction, the fuel and gas code, the plumbing code, the fire code. You'll also want your local municipal code, particularly the sections on zoning, factories and employment practices. Most of the municipal codes of California belong to one of the three major outsourcing companies, and over 50% of municipal codes in California have copyright restrictions. My point is not that the ambitious juice entrepreneur is totally without resources to learn the law, but that if I wanted to create a new product or nonprofit site aimed at the juice people of California, Californiajuicedukes.org, for example, I'd have a hard time gathering the material I'd need to set that site up. There's just too many copyright restrictions, paywalls and other impediments to access bulk legal documents needed. To create such a useful site. John Adams, in his thoughts on government, said a republic is an empire of laws, not of men. If our republic is an empire, it's an empire that's been balkanized by a complicated set of ownership claims. Walls and borders have split this empire. Walls and borders that deny access to justice and make equal protection under the law, and do process under the law a function of the size of your wallet. The problem with an empire of laws is that empire implies property and implies that the law is owned by the state, and the law does not belong to the state, it belongs to the people. James Madison emphasized the importance of the rights and the sovereignty of the people to access the laws when he stated that a popular government without popular information or the means of acquiring it but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy or perhaps both, knowledge will forever govern ignorance. An empire of laws implies that the law is owned. A better geographical metaphor than an empire is the shining city on the hill. Law.gov is an idea that we should all try to approach, a hill we should climb. It is an idea for us to adopt, as John F. Kennedy said, an idea that our governments in every branch, at every level, national, state, and local, must be as a city upon a hill. Ronald Reagan called this shining city a tall, proud city built on rocks stronger than oceans, a city with free ports that hummed with commerce and creativity, and if there had to be city walls, the walls had doors, and the doors were open to anyone with the will and the heart to get here. It's not often that Ronald Reagan and John F. Kennedy saw eye to eye on the role of government. Today, we're going to hear a series of statements on different aspects of these issues, and I'm truly pleased and honored to welcome our guests who are surely the leading lights on this topic. If our first panel could come to the front and please remember to bring your name tags. Don't forget we're videotaping this workshop, live webcast. We're going to put the video up on YouTube and the Internet Archive when we're done. If you find yourself asking a question, please wait for our mic runner. Erica, Professor Martin, and Prita, who is, yes, Prita's here. So our first speaker is Peter Martin, who's really the pioneer on making the law available on the Internet. He's the former Dean of Cornell Law School, co-founder of the Cornell Legal Information Institute, which I'm sure you all use to access the U.S. Code. Professor Martin is one of the world's leading experts on topics such as access to the law, vendor-neutral citation mechanisms, and other nitty-gritty details on how the law is served in America. Our second speaker is going to be Erica Wayne, the Deputy Law Librarian of the Stanford Law School and a leader in the Law.gov movement. With Paul Lomio of Stanford Law School's Law Library, they hosted our first Law.gov event, and they've led the grassroots effort to create a national inventory of legal materials, an effort strongly supported by the American Association of Law Libraries. Our third speaker is going to be Prita Bansal, who's the General Counsel and Senior Policy Advisor in the Office of Management and Budget. Prita comes to this leadership post at OMB from New York, where she was Solicitor General. She was a law clerk to Justice John Paul Stevens of the United States Supreme Court. She's been a commissioner on Mayor Michael Bloomberg's election modernization task force, and with Chair of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom. Prita is the first of four White House officials who will be briefing us today. Professor Martin, I'm delighted to turn over the microphone to you, and I want to extend my thanks to you and Tom Bruce for your active participation in Law.gov and for hosting our Cornell two-day workshop, and also for your decades of leadership in making the law available to everybody. It's all yours. Thank you. Thank you, Carl.


Going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards ribbon 23 top spot is baseball hobby a box case break number 88 random vision style There's a look again at your random results God as always can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat. It's a good luck everybody Let's do it Let's go Rangers Red Sox and Blue Jays all lost in the Yankees one My night go whatever do what it Good luck everybody. Let's do some finest sorry Sean told me a Rated our joke when we were doing the when the break was starting So I it took me like a good minute to pull it together there Walker blue Cade Cavalli to 150 green lava to 99 is Carlos correct bring your coffee yet Refractor Simeon Woods Richardson rookie for the twins Adley Rutschman rookie to 175 Mookie Betts Theo and Michael Harris rookie World's finest auto Julio Urias The Dodgers to 50 and a West Masataka Yoshida refractor Mookie Betts Gorman and base Headliner spools Yeah, he'll be in it like one or two around then so come just hang out at my house for a bit No, he's in a hotel. Yeah There's the one in Apopka the Hilton the new one that they built. Oh really nice. Yeah, the one with Thomas Yeah, yeah, we stayed there when I first moved here. It's really nice. Oh, really? Yeah Shohei Otani Gabriel Moreno rookie Refractor Otto Ezekiel Doran There's a little bit of gunk on that for the AL West. I'm gonna send an empty box and wrapper nice one. They're still AL West Headliners Randy Johnson Crawford and Gorman's baseball parlays are hurting me Shay Langleers and trash Purple hunter-brown to 250 wonder and gunner rookie What happens when you start missing all your football parlays do though Anthony Anything you could bet on a ronda kinsu karoi is Sammy Sosa and El Central Corbin Carroll rookie Alvarez rookie Anything that you can place a bet on yeah Green Joey Vado to 125 Oh How stars refractor rookie autumn AL East congrats AL East Cal Mitchell Headliners jeer and Josh Every household across America dude cheetos are the best I can't eat them because I'm breaking I don't want Right, I don't think anybody would appreciate that if I walked in with cheetah all over my fingers Riley green to 250 ales central What? Yeah, there you go. Oh, yeah mid break Toglia refractor Ichiro air Simeon Woods Richardson AL central rookie autumn Joel with the spot inspector eight Jeremy with a couple of personals Mike with a personal Thank you Joel. Thank you Mike. Thank you Jeremy Blue Oswaldo Cabrera to 300 Acunia your dog Lenin Sosa refractor rookie Vado and sale headliners are not Sean O chains up God Good Lord, dude Spectre seven sold out specter eight down to four to go everybody. Oops Four to go. Thank you all green toglia at a 99 But Jake doesn't have the same results as I do these Oswald Paraza blue Steve Garvey and a West to 150 Nice one there. I'll get him out. Yeah, look at this email Princess Valveras Yeah, I think that's a wanted felon right there Miners Ohtani Corbin Carol rookie. I know us blue story Ruiz to 150 Wilson treas refractor Freeman Riley green I Like Burleson rookie refractor Otto and L central Purple Spencer steered a 250 Cal Ripkins, Jr. Ryan Bale and Michael Harris Gunner Henderson refractor rookie alist You drop it in the trash again Wander Michael Tognato 175 That Well, I don't know what that what happened there. That was That was not good. I was feet. That was not good Orange Garrett Mitchell to 199 orange linen Sosa rookie ale central 25 Grats ale central Tati's and rara Garrett Mitchell refractor rookie Refractor our headliners is Bryce Harper Otto Ken Walde Chuck ale West refractor a rookie auto Tom be with a specter spot. Thank you. Tom say a Suzuki Down to three to go now on specter 23 to go on prism team all light blue Tati's 300 Bonaler and Joey Vado J rod refractor Senga and Alex Bregman Volpe rookie headliners Beltran and Marino Three to go on it actually three to go Lava J rod to 100 al West There's two breaks with spots now all the sudden Blink and spots are gone here refractor of Gorman rookie and L central Vaughn Grissom Jordan Groshan's NL East refractor rookie auto Congrats, NL East Jordan a little shams Jordan Walker headliners Nolan Ryan. I think that's the reason So there's no more you couldn't see them each other anymore And in Crawford much fear fear Blue teal vapor to 250 Oscar Gonzalez a L central purple DL Hall to 250 World's finest mookie bets your dawn Alvarez Brett Beatty rookie refractor confordo. That is a Lennon. So it's at a 175 bone ailer and Joey Vada a headliners mookie bets Senga and a base Machado refractor Marino got show a to 199 gold Riley green 21 a 50 a L central congrats Ezekiel There you go, buddy judge and Machado What I sang a refractor rookie and green Matthew Betten and a West on the auto nice one there Great girl at Spencer is a big fan. Yeah, that's a nice one Riley green gold not bad Not too shabby at all headliners is Vladdie jr. J rod Garrett Mitchell Rose gold is Brian Bay out of 75 a l East Crawford and Gorman. No, we did not get any ice cream today. Ken Griffey Jr. The truck was gone when we got here Gabriel Moreno refractor Rook Gunner Henderson rookie Lenin Sosa refractor rookie auto a L central nice one there cabrera and Tati's One soda Tati's refractor There's Dave Winfield orange wave auto Christopher Morell to 25 and L central Michael S Congrats, AC nice one there, buddy Wilson Contreras happy birthday AC Wander to 300 Wander and Gunner Langleers cabrera Tati's That is a cabrera refractor rookie a least headliners Rafi and Sasuke base Oh That's a Dolos Garcia, too. That's not good Green mini diamonds say out of 125 Volpe refractor Yordon Alvarez Josh Young refractor rookie auto ALS nice one there There are some scratches on it ALS give you a boxing wrapper Kodai Senga Shea Langleers to 199 There's Ronald Acunha Jr. Now, let me know it. Yeah Yeah Yeah It's still funny Blue jazz chisel in the 150 Corbyn Carol Ruth in Francisco Raffi Devers refractor Yeah, it's gotta let that happen now Michael Massey AL central refractor rookie auto that's AL central Again surprised you didn't hit your comment wide right and slice that comment there Trippy J ram Josh young joy Vanessa World's finest trade turn No, no, no Tough one to watch No, not good for the brand no engorman lava to 100 and I'll central Yeah, I agree judge refractor so Varn Devers Adley Rushman to 250 Austin Riley blue-teal vapor Refractor Mike trout moments auto Yordon Alvarez AL West nice one Brandon congrats, buddy AL West Yordon Alvarez Shane McClanahan Yoshida headliners pools Alright last box of the break. Good luck everybody. That's hunter green to 250 mark. Vientos and Elise nice one there congrats And at least the fracture rookie out of Freddie Freeman nailer refractor rookie and base 80 Josh young headliners yellow Harper and Soto refractor of Bregman Prado and Korea Green Lava Bryce Harper to 99 Bayo and Michael Harris Gold Nolan Gorman to 50 nice one there NL central Congrats Michael Jonathan Ronda AL East to 99 green wave autumn Pooja Nami and Walda Chuck Adley Rushman. Oh hoppy seah refractor base and base headliners Soto and more base light blue Gunner Henderson to 300 AL East nice one there Corbin Carroll and Alvarez Three to go on spectre tiered everybody just two breaks left tonight to fill. Thank you all Joe Vada refractor Hunter green Austin Riley And last pack of the break will do a quick recap Say headliners Mariana Riley green and Oscar Gonzalez We had autos Uh, Jonathan Ronda to 99 mark of Vientos moments of Yordon Michael Massey Josh young Lenin Sosa Jordan Groeschens Ken Walde Chuck Alec Burleson Simeon Woods Richardson Kyle Stowers Zikiel Doran Julio Urias to 150 Steve Garvey 99 Matthew Batten Ryan Bayo to 75 gold Riley green to 50 and orange wave Christopher Morel I'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the fill coming up is spectre number seven


Russian soldier complains troops are treated like slaves to Russian soldiers serving in Ukraine spoke to a television network recently About to being frustrated with their commanders and the poor conditions They've faced during the war one of the troops said they feel like slaves due to not knowing when their service time will end Current time a Russian language network That's run by radio free Europe stroke radio liberty in conjunction with Voice of America Posted the interviews to its website the identities of the soldiers were concealed for their protection according to Newsweek One of the soldiers who spoke to current time was identified as Alexander who was described as a military driver in Russia's armed forces According to Alexander his role is compromised by faulty equipment Which he worries could leave himself and others in the line of fire He described the vehicles he operates as buckets of boats that can hardly move The commander isn't bothered that it will stall when the guys get in and then be targeted anything can happen Alexander said current time named the other soldier interviewed as Ivan and said he's currently fighting on the front lines in Ukraine Though he was happy to fight at first like Alexander He's ready to leave the battlefields behind at this time when he first went to Ukraine I considered myself a patriot and wanted to fight for Russia Ivan said but having seen all the pluses and minuses of our Army I think the Defense Ministry has work to do he added I came basically voluntarily I could have run away, but I didn't sometimes I regret this Current time said the soldiers both complained of the harsh life They have experienced in the trenches where they have had to deal with cold hunger and mice many of us feel like we're not soldiers But slaves because there are no time limits for us We don't know how long will be here Ivan said the longer we're here the less chance will come home


Your risk of developing a Karyavashtra event in the next five years There's some screenshots in exactly three screen clicks of the mouse I will tell you your Karyavashtra risk So this is just a few screenshots here There's a first page, there's a second page, there's a third page And this is what it will tell you But it won't be so mind-evented Okay, let's go to our next final demonstration What is your risk of developing a Karyavashtra event in the next five years So this is a program generated using the Prime Minister of the American Heart Association And you find that it's very easy to use So first you open, you're given this page here You click on the link here, it says, click here to start the risk assessment So this is something which has been going on in your school Let's say you are maybe 40 to 49 years of age before your school year is D Let's say you are a diabetic, so DY And let's say you're also a smoker, so you're always DYS So we click on DYS Now that will be easy to the next page And let's say you're listening to your computer 18 hours a day And therefore your temperature is very high It's 108 by 105 degrees of boundary 180 by 105 degrees of boundary And your Karyavashtra is also very high, it was really junk food So 180 by 105 And coastal 80, you click here And you find that the risk of an event in the next five years is 50 to 20% Which is very high So let's try one more risk assessment Since you are scared Let's say you are 50 to 59 years of age So your C, you are not diabetic N, and you are not smoker T, C and T So we click here, C and T Let's say your temperature is up Recently you are maintained in a spot of 1.85 degrees of boundary And your coastal age is 4 So 140 by 80, 5 And coastal level is 4 We click here, and you find that the risk of an Karyavashtra event Is 255,000, which is rather high So this is a very useful system Which I've used on my patients and my students And they are forming very useful I've created this program using scripts, activities controls Bookmarks and bulletins And this has been written in a single file by 8 B, Y, T B, Y, T It's B, Y, T Yeah, I'm not that young yet Okay, can you tell me your Blood pressure is 140 over 85 140, 485 And what's your first child by age generation? First child is the It's 5 So, 140 by 85 Yes, and 5 Yes Not good enough I have to get rid of diabetes Anybody else would like to try? Okay, so your C and D C and D Let's work on C and D Blood pressure 120 over 75 Good And plus 4 120 over 75 and? Plus 4 over 4 You're going to be a minimum You're going to be 2.5 to 5% Yeah Less than 2.5% So it is B and B active Here 120, 75 And I'm taking the statin so far So okay So 120, 75 and you're full So you're good? Yeah You've got 10% 5 to 10% in my life I'm going to die before anyone else does We're not going to let you Basic parameters You should be given by American Heart Association So this is what I've been using on my patients and my students And they've loved it This gives you a quick overview of where you stand with regard to your cardiovascular risk assessment So these are my references And thank you very much for watching Ladies and gentlemen And if you have any questions or comments Thank you