Yn y taw, rydyn ni'n gofyn i ddim yn ymddangos ar gwaith gwahanol, a'r cysylltu i'r ddyn nhw. Dyna sy'n ganu'n meddwl. Yn amser, mae'n gwneud o bwysig ymddangos y byd. Mae'n ddiddordebau'r cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd y byd, mae'n gofyn o bwysig cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd cyfnodd. I see we all are going to execute the cells in the tubes we are going to go through. This is basically going to load up. Can we read this as well from the back? Good. It's going to load up a couple of amber files. This is actually quite on the top file. It could have been Gramax files, it could have been PSF files, it could have been anything. I don't care what the file for it is. Now we have a molecular system represented in memory with a data format. How many molecules? 631.  Here I now define a protocol for running the calibration MD simulation. So we worked out what were the key things in various MD packages which a user wants. The users don't really care about the integrators, they don't care about all the low level details. They want to know how long are we running it for, what temperatures are we going for, am I restraining protein backgrounds etc. So we define a protocol and now that's the data format in memory. And then what we do is we say we've got a system, we've got a protocol, run it. It's now found on this particular cloud. It happens to have sander available. It's now running a sander simulation. Could have been Gramax, could have been MD, could have been P-M-D, could have been SOM-D. It doesn't matter the same thing is actually running the simulation. Is it running? Yes. It's currently running in the cloud. It's got the resources, put all the data across, it's written all the input files, it's running everything. How long has it been going for? 0.4 minutes. But because this is running in the cloud and we can actually understand the data files, and convert them back into our data model, I can query it. So data is being written from the simulation. So what's the energy? All problems, it's now 6,300 kc per mole. What's the energy now? 6,354. We can do this line because it's running interactively. But just the energy that's boring that looks quite rubbish. So let's get more data. It's now been going for 0.0076 nanoseconds. That's the energy, that's the temperature, that's the energy. And if I run this again, voila, it's a new value. What do we have now? We have data changing with time. Won't you have data changing with time? What should we do next with it? Make a graph. Voila, this is a live graph of how the temperature is changing through the simulation and a live graph of the energy. And if I then rerun this cell, this is just using standard MapBotLed and et cetera, it live updates. But graph's kind of old school, two-dimensional. We've already heard that we have NGL view, so with NGL view let's get the latest snapshot out from the simulation. Or with this latest snapshot, there we are. 3D interactive. What it means is we're not moving data backwards and forwards at the top and between the cloud, it's all just happening live. In the cloud, it's got something in my eye. Obviously because I'm so amazed this is working. It's a live demo when it's working. And again, I will emphasise, NGL view is amazing. And because of that, I have to write any of this. We did not write most of this, I should emphasise. This is all using the tools and standard libraries. It did not take us long to write it. This is not the end of the project. We're only about halfway through the project. We've got tons of time to go. What else? Well, we're producing trajectory. Data is being written to the cloud. So let's get a handle on that data. We now have a handle on that data. How many trajectory frames are being written? 8. Let's now get them. This has now got the data. And this is actually an empty track piece. This is an empty track object. I could have asked for the data in an empty analysis format. So again, we're not building new things. It's just tying together the existing tools. But I have an empty analysis or empty track piece of data. Let's plot the RMSD from that. Voila, that's coming in the RMSD of my really rubbish simulation. It's running in the cloud, but it also runs on local machines. It also runs on big clusters. As you notice, it's Python. It works because we have a data model. Now, this is MD is where we started. But we weren't writing this to run MD. We're writing this because we want to run lots of different types of simulations. In particular, what we're running at the moment, this is where magic people won't work. Come on. Come on, spinning wheel of death. Still spinning wheel of death, there we are. It's a little dinky MacBook. Ultimately, what we want to do is run protein-link binding-friendly calculations. So that's really where our bread and butter is. As John mentioned, there's a D3R challenge at the moment. So we have basically ligands, we have proteins, and we've got to predict the binding free energies. And hopefully, they won't be totally rubbish when we get the real experimental data back. So what you've really got here is you have input data, which are your ligands, because we're doing relative binding free energies. We have two different ligands. We have a protein going in, and there's this magical black box. When you put this input data into the magical black box, that will come the relative binding free energy, and it will be right and everyone will be happy. Now, when we come to sort of sharing molecular data, it's really the question of how do I share the protocols and the data flows of the magical black box? We have put the scripts on GitHub, but what should we be sharing? The input files, the input and all of the output data, all of those things. And it becomes difficult when if we look inside the magical black box, it actually looks like that. You have to set up the ligands, which means basically throwing them through anti-chain with arm check, T-leap, aligning them together with fine MCS, doing a GMX survey for salvation, T-leap for the protein, sand for minimisation. Piwyd-dicuda for doing some equilibration. Solvedeaf for doing the free energy calculations using OpenMM. Then into our wise free energy to pull the data out and get one relative delta G. And that's one free energy that you're getting, and we're actually going to do where we are doing this, back 50 relative binding free energy, so it's 50 times this. Now, we do, we publish the scripts for this, but the scripts for this, if you do it traditionally, will work with these tools and only these tools, and these versions of these tools. Nobody else can reproduce this workflow in two years' time because they might not have that software installed. What you really want to do is publish the script, so that if somebody comes on and they don't have these pieces of software installed, it will still work with RD Kit Smiles, it will still work with T-leap, it will still work with GMX ND1, it will still do a lot of free energy for piwyd-dicuda. That's what you want, is the ability to share workflows where we can flip easily between different equivalents, have different file formats for the inputs, etc. And we did it. This is a biosim space script that parameterises a ligand using a wide variety of different tools. This, slightly smaller, is a biosim space script which does a relative binding free energy with a wide variety of different tools. By sharing these Python scripts, which is what are on the website, if you have biosim space installed and you have the underlying tools installed, then you'll be able to reproduce ID3R on it. If you can beat us by next Wednesday, it's all like now, you can submit a better answer than we will. We took the view when we did biosim space that our job is not to come up with the XKCD perfect file format. Our job was to look at what exists already, recognise that all our tools have different shapes and so they don't fit together perfectly, and so our job is to build what we call the shims. Anyone with an engineering background knows that when you engineer stuff, it really doesn't fit together well and so you end up putting little bits of metal between it and those are the shims. They're the things that fill the gaps up, make sure that the rockets don't explode. Ultimately, that's what biosim space is. It's file format into converters and things that join together lots of tools. We designed these to work with all the standard packages and we designed them following seven design principles of seven sacred design principles of biosim space. One, if you are writing a file format reader, it better be able to read and write the same things. I see so many tools that come out that can either write the file format or read the file format, but they can't read and write the file format and even those that can read and write the file format all things are difficult. So one, anything that goes in, these are the supported file formats we have many, many more, we read and write and it's symmetrical. So everything we can read and write. Next design principle, information is preserved. That means that if you read something in from here, when it goes into the data model, so we have data models which are system or molecule, every piece of data from this file format is precious and it must be contained in the data model. You do not throw away anything from these files when it goes into the data model. We even know what the file names are, where they come from, that bit of data, it goes into the data model and that means that when we have the data, we can then write it back to the file and assuming you put it inside a Gromax top, you write it as a Gromax top and then you basically read it again, you should have the same data going around and you check this. You check this by actually doing things like comparing the energies of the molecular systems that you've loaded. So we calculate the energy in Gromax, we load it up, we have an internal thing that can calculate energies because it's really important that a molecular file parser can actually calculate energies. We calculate the energy in our internal parser, compare it to the energy in Gromax, write it out, read it back, make sure the energy is sane, make sure the energy still agrees with Gromax, write it out in amber, make sure the energy agrees. It's really hard to get files which have the same energy in Gromax and amber. Really difficult. But when we've got this, it's all unit test and of course automatically running all the time. It allows you to do triangular transformations. So literally you can read it in Gromax, write it out in amber, write it out in PSF, read it back in as a PSF. Through these cycles, as you're changing between molecular file formats, you should always have the same energies, in a way. Design principle number three, don't be too clever. Being clever is the enemy of pretty much every piece of software ever written by the whole of humankind. I really hate software that tries to be clever. Say for example I load up an amber rest file. That amber rest file definitely cannot be written as a Gromax top file because this is quality data, this is topology information. Throw, raise an exception, tell people straight away. If there is information that I need to go here, which is not available here, don't guess it. Don't think the user may be missing something I'll helpfully try and suggest with Clippy something that might help you. Just say no I can't do it. It's about ambiguity. Only do you do the transformation to completely unambiguous. But hang on a minute. I don't know what exactly is it. What is molecule? Molecule is a collection of property derived objects. Everything in the system is derived from property. Molecule is a key value dictionary of properties. So for example charge zero is a key for the value of atom charges. Atom charges is a data object which contains the charge, and all the atoms. Lj is a key for the atom lj. Data object that contains all the energy and parameters. Element, atom elements, data object that contains all the elemental data. Mass, masses, connectivity, connectivity, bond to atom functions. Angle for atom functions, diagonal for atom functions is a key value dictionary. But the key thing with this key value dictionary is that it's completely arbitrary. I can add whatever keys I want. I can add a key called fluffy cat and I associate it with atom lj. That's a perfectly valid molecule. We don't do ontology. It's a container that can contain arbitrary data. We're not telling people what to name it. But this means that when we do relative binding for energy calculations we can have charge zero and charge one to represent two states of charges. We could call elements elements silly name, atom masses, etc. What we also do is make sure that molecule is itself a property and because molecule is a property that means that molecules can contain molecules. So then you can actually say what was the reference molecule? Where did this come from? When I parameterised this, what was the original molecule that came from the PDB? Let's say that in the molecule. Then let's take this one stage further and actually molecule is not actually the thing you're holding. What you're holding is molecule data. Molecule data is the thing that holds all of the data of the molecule and molecule is just a view of the data where you view the entire molecule at once. Atom is another view of the data but we're viewing only one atom. Residue is a view of the data where you're viewing one residue. What it means is you're actually doing the model view controller way of working with things where the model is the data model, what molecule data the view is your molecule, atom, residue chain, segment, cut group, who cares what and the controller actually have editor versions of these because once you've loaded it edit it and atoms, change things merge things together, we let you do all of that. So that's molecule, what is system? System shock horror is yet another property a molecule could contain an entire system if it wanted to but it's much better to have the system containing molecules the system contains property so it's space is a periodic box periodic box again is a property time is a time molecule group, molecule group shock horror is a property that contains lots of molecules and so all is all of the molecules in the system but because the data format actually does implicit sharing it means that protein can contain just the molecules in the system that we designated as being protein but the molecule data is not actually duplicating the molecule is still only there once so the system understands the concept underneath of what is the same data so you end up tagging data all over the place aggregating it's show and blah blah blah and as I said system is a property so that means that one system can contain their own systems which can contain molecules which can contain systems which can infinitely go on an inception recursion but as a data format we don't mind so this brings us now to design principle 4 design principle 4 don't change anything if the user gives you something don't change it because the user gave it to you for a reason they liked it you start missing around with it they're going to get shirty so if they give you a gromax topology coordinate file and they want you to run nd on it give them back a gromax topology coordinate file don't give them back an amber palm top file because that will surprise them so this means if I only have p-m-d-cudo on my system and they give me gromax files just translate it into amber top crud behind the scenes run the simulation it comes back out oh we managed to save the original file format as a key value pair in our system so we know it needs to come out as a gromax top so pop it out as a gromax top that way you can take an existing node in the workflow the same file format goes in our file format goes out we've replaced it with our own code and no one has any wiser but this goes further but don't change anything this person is a bit silly they've got alanine 5 hip 20 and rtf 15 as their residue names and numbers we all know that's rubbish and indeed if you try and throw that through p-m-d-cudo p-m-d-cudo say that's not really nice because I want contiguously numbered residues and I want to clean everything up blah blah blah but the user had a reason for being so silly with the way they were naming their residues and so when you go through this process you map what the original residue names and numbers were so when you run it through the tool you'll be sure what the user gave you again don't change the residue numbers who here has had it when they've run an empty package and suddenly all the residue numbers have changed behind the scenes and suddenly you've been analysing the wrong things again don't change anything don't change anything also implies to don't add things if a user gives you a molecule that is missing hydrogens it is not because they forgot the hydrogens it's because they really want to simulate something without hydrogens if you behind the back add hydrogens to it then that's going to confuse them if you really need something and it doesn't exist in the input you're missing that information raise an exception tell the user they need to supply more information don't automatically go back and add the information so the simulation will run again this is really designed principle 3 of don't be too clever you have a lot of trust in the user but this is actually where you end up having your pre-filters in and the tools underneath should not be dealing with silly users that's the ambiguous layer that's done by your user interface when you go to the user interface then we're into a world where you do exactly what you've been told to do designed principle 5 store general right specific we have a complete computer algebra system built into this package because way back when we needed this for Monte Carlo simulations this means we store the intramolecular potential terms as algebra it is literally represented as 1.3 times r minus 01034 squared I can differentiate it I can integrate it I can do whatever I want to it and we have an API that enables you to search the algebraic expression and work out how to convert it into different forms this means all of these bonds and angles are stored as algebra and only when I need to write it out do we actually try and create a Gromax bond object which inspects the equation and goes is it one of the types of bonds in Gromax that we support if it is this is the data structure of a Gromax bond it only has three parameters four parameters and a function type it's only at the point of writing we create something specific and again this is an amber bond it only has two links because amber has got very limited bond potentials in comparison but by doing this it means you don't burden with artefacts of the program because you're storing general by local you'll be happier if we group these two together design principle 6 units are important numbers do not exist in isolation as we have taught in high school your numbers have units so all numbers all things actually have to have units attached and so we have a complete uniting system in there a complete uniting system where you can do an algebra on the units that means you can literally write times k cal divided by wall times action times action and it works and the reason why this is so fundamentally important is if you're trying to write a program that can read Gromax topology files and amber topology files you have to deal with SI and ACMA and actually you have now a horrible mess if you're not actually dealing with a bad unit system so different design principle 7 is just don't just assume ask and again it's the same thing and you need it ask the user, don't try and calculate it whatever is input is complete don't add hydrogen to missing because user may have asked for it don't do things behind the user's back because you assume they were stupid because your program is more stupid than your users raise an exception if you can't deal with what you've got tell the person they've got an error and again this is really related to dp3 and 4 which is don't be too clever and don't change anything now this is all beautifully implemented in c++ with python wrapping so we do a full python API and a full c++ API very easy to install ish will be more easy after we submit the d3r results because we're publishing the whole thing so people can reproduce our d3r calculation which I'm assuming will be not working because it's binding for energies but we have a lot of challenges this all assumes the tools which underneath are interchangeable when they're not the underlying tools choose different places to store or represent key information for example shake that's how amber represents shake it puts an additional bond between the hydrogens Gromax you put in your original water model that you could find it's got three different locations depending on what mood you're in and it's basically if not death flexible block or an algorithm of shape or whatever you want to do so actually working out where the information needs to be what is molecular data what is configuration data simulation data is very difficult other challenge the underlying tools are not modular I would really like to solvate my protein using solvate from tealip because sorry GMX solvate you do a pretty poor job compared to tealip solvate tealip solvate is brilliant unfortunately tealip solvate you've got to parameterise the protein and solvate you can't separate those two stages and that's annoying because you think okay you just parameterise the protein it doesn't matter but what if my protein doesn't have any parameters in amber I've suddenly got a problem particularly if I'm actually working with a protein that's already parameterised in Gromax it's like it's a complete waste they should be modular and they're not modular enough the tools are not robust if I take the same input protocol and the same input files and I run them with PMD the simulation will crash for shake errors but if I run it with sander it's fine but with Gromax it's fine so we don't have sufficient robustness in the tools but you can just drag and drop different tools in behind a standard protocol and then there isn't a perfect match of algorithms we can run and once we've finished the D3R run with SOMD we're going to run D3R again but using Gromax and using PMD QDA they will give different answers and they'll give different answers because they have different implementations different radiators, different shaker algorithms different force fields, different PMDs different cutoff schemes I could go on and on and on these codes are not drag and drop replaceable so there is no point trying to create reproducibility if we're going to change codes and indeed because they keep updating themselves they're not even drag and drop replaceable from version to version so we've done something that does this we hope it's going to, well it's running at the moment and we should hopefully finish and submit in time for next Thursday these are the scripts that are running you can download them from my D3R website and just to thank the Biosyn Space Research team it's actually a big collaboration which is CCD Biosyn and HEC Biosyn together with collaborations going out but with all of these things there's beautiful pyramids and at the bottom of the pyramid the two people doing the work are Leicester Herges he's my research software engineer and Tony Mayn and Julian's crew many many links if you want to be looking at it and playing with it it's not the solution to the problem it's just a picture of what a solution and the inspiration for a solution could be Thank you Maybe if I complain a lot of things I'm wondering, you know, there is some other packages and like HTML so I guess it's not doing the same can you comment a bit of do you, yeah or you can comment different packages and very different views so I think there are lots of different packages and what we deliberately took that we knew of the Biosyn Space Research we were not going to try we're not going to reinvent something so if a tool exists we will try to use a tool so we didn't do anything with trajectory analysis because there's already empty analysis and empty trash we also took the view that we don't want to disrupt somebody's workflow so this is why we're focusing on workflow nodes where whatever was your input file and your input description that should work with our node it's not the same format as you wanted to give as input so in theory if you have an existing nine-work flow in industry for example what our partners are worth you could just pluck out something that was currently doing a hard-coded batch script to run NAMD and then just plug in a Biosyn Space node and in theory it will keep working in the same way because it's the same format the same output format but generally it's we very much don't see this as replacing anything it's about fitting in with a community of other tools and in terms of longevity the actual underlying code that's been going for about 12 years now we just haven't been very noisy about what we can do and we have long-term plans of how it works, the actual software itself is built on top of something which is we now work with Microsoft, Google and Oracle with for this huge cloud project where actually you'll be able to have simulations I showed the notebooks running if you look on my talk slide you'll see actually what's happening is that data is being put on object stores computers being allocated on the cloud next to the object stores they're all running, you have an identity service an accounting service, an access service which is enabling you to pay for simulations up front pay for the storage of data pay for the long-term archiving of data are moving us to this world where instead of you log on to a cluster in SSH and ask them to do things like that it's all interactive notebooks and you can then give a DOI to the notebook publish that and then you have an executable paper that contains the description all the input, grabbing all the resource all the analysis, all the graphics all the conclusions and that's the kind of 2025 vision that we're moving towards alright, let's thank Chris again


It's time for the Lawn Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour brought to you every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, a presentation of the Lawn Jean Wettner Watch Company, maker of Lawn Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wettner, distinguished companion to the world-honored Lawn Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jean Chronoscope? Larry Lisser of the CBS television news staff and Kenneth Kramer, executive editor of Business Week magazine. Our distinguished guest for this evening is Charles R. Sly, Jr., president of the National Association of Manufacturers. Mr. Sly, upon your election in 1953 as the president of the National Association of Manufacturers, you pledged industry's whole-hearted cooperation with the Eisenhower administration. Have you had any occasion to change your views? No, I think we want very much to cooperate with the Eisenhower administration. That does not necessarily mean, of course, that we're going to agree with everything they do. NAM set certain policies which it wishes to follow based on principles which we believe are sound, and we believe in going straight down the line for those principles. Once in a while we don't happen to agree with the administration as there was a case in connection with the excess profits tax, but we would like to cooperate with any administration in office in this country to build a greater America. May I ask you, sir, what about the president, the president administration's plans to lower tariffs? Well, now you're on a subject that I can't talk about very well because NAM has no position on tariffs. We find that our members have such widely divergent opinions and views because of the different businesses in which they're connected that we don't feel NAM can speak effectively for its over 20,000 members on the matter of tariffs. Some of our people want high tariffs, some low, and we feel that because of the widely divergent opinions we cannot have a position on tariffs as such. But if we don't lower tariffs, what can Europe and Asia do to keep their economies healthy, sir? Well, as I say, we have no position on tariffs. I think there are other matters in connection with foreign trade which are important. I think that many things can be done to help Europe, help itself. I've been very much encouraged recently to read about the meeting of the six powers in Western Europe, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy, West Germany and France. I understand their meeting to try to break down the economic barriers which now exist between their countries and allow a free flow of goods and services and people within their borders. I think any such breakdown of those economic barriers and making a united whole out of those six countries will do a very great deal. To promote the economic well-being of Europe. And I think other steps along that same line should be taken if Europe is going to grow strong economically. Mr. Sly, another subject of considerable importance is taxes. People who do their Christmas shopping early, I think, have already been renewed to the idea that there are some terrific excise taxes imposed on certain goods. Is it true that the NAM wants to have even more excise taxes imposed? No. We believe that the present excise tax system is a veritable hodgepodge of discrimination. Do you mean luxury taxes, sir, when you say that? Some people call them luxury taxes, but I don't think any of us here tonight would agree that an electric light bulb is a luxury and yet electric light bulbs are taxed at 20%. The people that drive their cars to work in this country today are in the millions and they need those cars. I don't think cars are luxuries and yet they're taxed at 7%. I could be down a long list of literally thousands of items that are now subject to excise taxes. We think that all those excise taxes, which we believe are discriminatory, should be done away with entirely. And that in place of those taxes, not a new tax, but in place of those discriminatory excise taxes, we should impose a flat rate manufacturers excise tax on all manufactured products, except food and food products, and except liquor and tobacco, which historically in this country have been taxed separately. And we feel that liquor and tobacco should continue to be taxed separately. Now, it happens that a flat rate tax of approximately 5% on the manufactured goods would bring in the same amount of revenue, as is now being brought in through the very highly discriminatory taxes, which are now in effect. Well, isn't the problem of this administration to raise additional revenues and if you take away the luxury taxes, you replace it with a general manufacturer's tax, would that bring in additional revenues or just make up for what has been lost out of the luxury tax? It would not bring in any additional revenues. My fear is that the present discriminatory system will not continue to bring in what it is now bringing in. I think there are very definite indications of that fact. For instance, last year the movie industry very nearly got their admissions tax removed. Under our plan, all admission taxes would be removed. All services would be removed from taxation. Today, of course, telephones, telegraph, transportation of persons, transportation of freight, and many other services are taxed. We would do away with all those service taxes. You mentioned discrimination. I've often heard it said that if you put in a cross-the-board excise tax or a general sales tax, that that would be discriminatory against people in the lower income brackets. That is commonly said. I don't believe it is true. No, I don't think it is. You see, we would exempt food and food products. We would exempt all services. Over 50%, in fact, I've seen figures that indicate it's as high as 65% of the expenditures of the low and middle income groups are made up of food and food products and services such as rent and so on. And those things under our plan would be exempt. And actually, we find that the low and middle income groups would not pay any more on the aggregate than they're paying today. Who would bear the burden of such taxes, Mr. Sly? Wouldn't the retailers add their mark up on top of the tax? I'm glad you mentioned that and I might point out this applies not only to excises, it applies to every type of tax of which we can think. People pay taxes. They always will. And the idea that a corporation can pay without hurting any people is a fallacy. In other words, some people unfortunately think that because a tax is applied to a corporation that somewhere other than brick and mortar and machinery are going to pay the taxes. People pay the taxes. Either the employees are going to be penalized, the management, the owners, or the consumers. When corporation taxes are applied and people are always going to pay taxes and they will pay consumption taxes or consumer taxes. Well, would you be removing the taxes from the corporations and passing them on to the consumer this way? No, we don't. We don't plan to do that at all. We merely replace the present discriminatory taxes with a fair and equitable distribution of the present excise tax load. You see, today we truly have a hidden excise tax system because I doubt whether any one of our audience realizes that there are today thousands, literally thousands of items that are taxed. And the rates range from 465,000 of a cent a pound on sugar up to 25% on many items. That is truly a hidden system because nobody can keep track of all the taxes they're forced to pay. But a 5% excise tax, flat rate on all manufactured products except food and food products, would be a tax that everyone would know about. It would not be a hidden tax at all. Well, may I ask you just what the difference is between a general sales tax and an excise tax? I think the main difference would be the point at which it was levied. In other words, a general sales tax is commonly thought of as being levied at the retail level while the excise tax, generally speaking, is considered to be applied at the manufacturers level. Are you in favor then of having lower income taxes and put more of the burden on the excise tax arrangement? No. We are in favor, as I say, of replacing. The revenue now brought in through the discriminatory system by a flat rate tax. Now, I will say this, that if it was possible later on to reduce income taxes, or to reduce taxes in general, I think that the first step probably should be the reduction of income taxes rather than the reduction of excise taxes. Are you in favor of the planned reduction in income taxes that I believe is supposed to expect next year? Yes, very definitely. Mr. Sly, the cost of living is going up, as we've seen by the recent indexes, and it looks as though labor will be asking for more money. Do you manufacturers propose any changes in the Taft-Hartley law? Well, we believe that the Taft-Hartley law, generally speaking, has been a good labor law. We think it can be a much better labor law than it has been through fair and impartial administration. I do think that it should be pointed out that it is only fair that there not be any monopoly in our economy, whether it be in business or in government or in labor. Was the final question, Mr. Sly, I'd like to ask you something. You started your own furniture business, I know, in the depth of the depression. Do you feel we're on the verge of a recession now? No, I certainly do not. And I decry those prophets of doom that are always trying to predict us into a recession or a depression. I can remember back in 1943, one of the labor leaders of this country predicted that immediately after World War II, there would be 15 million unemployed people in this country. Now, that has never come about, fortunately, and I see no reason today with the tremendous growth that lies before this country for any marked recession or deep depression. I think the main danger is psychological, and I think that if we will work for the future that we can attain, we will attain it, and I certainly hope we do. Well, thank you very much, Mr. Sly. It's a pleasure to have you here tonight. The opinions you've heard our speakers express tonight have been entirely their own. The editorial board for this edition of the Laun Jean Chronoscope was Larry LeSir and Kenneth Kramer. Our distinguished guest was Charles R. Sly, Jr., President of the National Association of Manufacturers. 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Whatever the price of the Laun Jean watch you select, it is manufactured to the high standard of excellence, which has made Laun Jean the world's most honored watch, the world's most honored Christmas gift. Premier product of the Laun Jean Witner watch company since 1866, maker of watches of the highest character. This is Frank Knight reminding you that Laun Jean and Witner watches are sold and serviced from coast to coast by more than four thousand leading jewelers who proudly display this emblem. Agency for Laun Jean Witner watches. There is only one Atmos, the perpetual motion clock created by LeCoultre. Atmos runs without winding, without electricity, powered only by unfailing daily variations in the temperature of the air. Atmos product of LeCoultre division of Laun Jean Witner. This is the CBS television network.


Welcome to this first video in a series on the division algorithm. This is a mathematical result that's actually really well known to everyone, although maybe not in the form that we're going to see. So think of a pair of integers for the time being making both of them positive. We know that the first integer won't always divide the second one evenly, but we do know that if we divide the second one by the first, it will go in a certain number of times with the remainder. For example, look at say 8 and 345. Now I'm pretty sure that 8 doesn't divide 345 just by looking at it, because 8 is even and 345 isn't. But whatever the case, I know that 8 goes into 345 a certain number of times. That number of times is called the quotient with a remainder leftover. We can find out the values of the quotient and the remainder by dusting off the old school process of long division. I won't talk through the details here, but just carry out the long division while you watch and listen. The important thing to notice here is that every time we write a multiple on top and then carry through the multiplication and then the subtraction, we get a remainder leftover. But that remainder may be so large that we can keep continuing the division process. Take that 25 there the first time we do the multiplication. Why don't we just stop there and say that 8 divides 345 a certain number of times with remainder 25? Well, in some ways, that's not incorrect. I could take 8 into 345 40 times and have 25 left over. That is, 345 is 40 times 8, that's 320, plus another 25, and that's correct. But the remainder here is so large that I know because of the process that I can divide again. And so we keep dividing until ultimately we can say that 8 goes into 345, 43 times with a remainder of 1. And I can write that expression as follows, 345 equals 8 times 43 plus 1. Note the quotient here is being multiplied to the divisor 8 and the remainder 1 is being added to the product to get that 345. It's this final addition slash multiplication step that's important. Notice what this does is allow me to talk about the result of long division without mentioning any division. I can see the quotient and the remainder at a glance. So let's see how well you understand this with a concept check. Consider the equation 2012 equals 55 times 36 plus 32. And that is a true equation, you can check that. But what does it mean? Here are four statements about what divides what, how many times with a remainder and I want you to select all that apply and don't cheat by actually using long division. Just see if you can tell merely by looking at the equation. So the answer here is both A and B. When we look at the equation 2012 equals 55 times 36 plus 32, we can pick off the divisor as one of the two things being multiplied. The quotient as the other and the remainder is the stuff left over that's being added back in. So this could be taken in one of two ways. Either 55 is the divisor and 36 is the quotient or vice versa. But either way you go, the remainder is 32. Just to check this, here's the long division process fully worked out for both cases. So the long division process lets us phrase division results without using any division. Can we always do this for any two integers? The answer is basically yes, and that is the result known as the division algorithm. So the division algorithm states that if we take any two integers A and B, with B bigger than zero, then there exist unique integers Q and R such that A is equal to B times Q plus R. And zero is less than or equal to R is less than B. So this is a lot of information here and to interpret this in light of what we know about division. The division algorithm says that if we divide B into A and B is a positive not zero integer. Then Q is the unique maximum number of times B goes into A and R is the remainder. B is the divisor here like eight was in the example earlier. Q is the quotient, that's the number of times B goes into A. And since we know that the remainder could be as small as zero, but can never be larger than B, because if it were, B could go into A more times. That's why the inequality is here. So let's see how well you're understanding the statement of the division algorithm with an example. In the statement of the division algorithm, let's suppose that A is 101 and B is 16. What are the values of Q and R that the division algorithm guarantees in this case? And here are your choices, and take a look at it and pause the video. So the right answer here is A. And we can check this by simply doing the math in the division algorithm. 101 is equal to 16 times 6, 16 times 6 is 96 plus 5 left over. But you might have noticed in trying to check these things that answers C and D also check out, 101 is also equal to 16 times 5 plus 21. And 101 is also equal to 16 times 7 plus negative 11. So Y is A right, but C and D are wrong. Well, it has to do with the inequality that's in the division algorithm, which states that the values of Q and R have to be, in this case, such that 0 is less than or equal to R, and R is less than 16. R has to be less than the thing I'm dividing by. Of the three values of Q and R in the concept check that make the equation work, only the one that's in A fits the inequality. The division algorithm also works if you divide into a negative number as well, which is a little different from long division, because we don't often use negative numbers in long division. So for an example, take A equal to negative 87 in the division algorithm and B equal to 6. So the division algorithm says that the divisor needs to be positive, but the number we're dividing into doesn't actually have to be. So we should be able to find a Q and an R such that negative 87 is equal to 6Q plus R. Now we can try some trial and error to see if we can find that Q. Multiplying by negative 15 gives us a nice round number of negative 90, which is actually pretty close to negative 87. Is that the right quotient? Will Q equal negative 90 work? Well, it depends on how the remainder works out. If we use Q equals negative 90 and get a remainder between 0 and 5, which is the range provided by the inequality in the division algorithm, then that Q value will work. So let's put in Q equals negative 90, and see what we have. Or sorry, Q equals negative 15, and see what we have. So negative 87 is equal to negative 15 times 6, that's the negative 90. And I'd have to add a 3 on to make that equation work. And so that's my remainder. So yes, this quotient value works. We can write negative 87 equal to 6 times negative 15 plus 3. So that's an overview of the division algorithm. Thanks for watching.


And I'm telling you what I see here are parallels to what the history was in this world back in the 1930s in Germany, in Italy. Okay. Are voters though out there listening to this message to infer from what you're saying that if they don't vote for Democrats in this election that they are somehow supporting something akin to the rise of Hitler? No. If they don't vote against election deniers, if they don't vote against liars, this was the cleanest election in the history of the country. Oh my God. So yes then, if you vote for the Republicans then you're aiding in the rise of Hitler. I've studied history too, which is why I know this man, James Clyburn, was part of an effort to overturn the 2000 election by decertifying Florida's votes and has echoed Joe Biden's predictions that future elections, elections Democrats lose, could be illegitimate. So if you have questions about elections or vote Republican, you're literally Hitler, it's different when Democrats do it.


Hello in this lecture we're going to find the term or the abbreviation in this case of FOB. According to fundamental accounting principles while 22nd edition the definition of FOB is abbreviation for free on board the point when ownership of goods passes to the buyer FOB shipping point or factory means the buyer pays shipping costs and accepts ownership of goods when the seller transfers goods to the carrier FOB destination means the seller pays shipping costs and the buyer accepts ownership of goods at the buyer's place of business. So when we think about FOB the abbreviation we're talking about free on board it might we're talking about when do the goods changed hands does it change hands at the shipping point or at the point of destination. Let's take a look at an example if we have company A and company B here and we're shipping inventory this ink by boat in this case question is when does the ownership change hands does it change hands at the point in time that the ink goes on the boat or does it change hands at the point of times that the boat reaches the destination if it changes hands as of the time that it goes on the boat we're going to call that FOB shipping point meaning at this point in time at the shipping point in time it is now the new company's responsibility they own that ink now probably going to be paying for the shipping and if pirates take the ship on the way over it's going to be the responsibility of the new owner in this case on the other hand if we're saying that the shipping FOB destination we're saying that the inventory does not change hands and is not recorded as inventory on owner's B records until it has reached the destination that's going to be FOB destination that would mean that the prior owner the sender the seller would be responsible for it during that shipping process and only at the point of destination does the new owner then record it as inventory


Ryo, Eric, Nico, Anonymous Ralph, Wilcoons, Malone, Wolfie Reds, Rafe, Joshua Frederick, Dylan, okay, I just had a poo.  How's it going, how's it going, how's it going, wow. It's how the servers hold up today then people, it's how the servers hold up today then people.   CX dead, while you've changed since your destiny videos, I haven't changed much in myself to be honest.  Wolfie Reds's server's been good for the past six hours, yeah I know, changes do when I get online though. Fredericks, I'm good mate, how are you? Yes, Brandon, I grew it out, at least I've acknowledged that Wolfie player's a bit dodgy and they are looking into it. Dalton, what's up, what's up, what's up, okay, so what shall we do, what shall we do, I think, let me have a look at my gear. Endgame Expeditions people, Endgame Expeditions people, Blasto has been watching you since you made Emblems on Black Ops 1, how that long, long time ago mate, kind of, I mean the plan today is just to play, level up, earn loot, grind, farm, you know what I'm saying, Crimson this game is effing pissing me off, how the hell am I lagging while I'm solo, I think the servers, I definitely think they're having problems with servers, and I think now is about the time where a lot of people from abroad, like America and places like that all jump online and the server's got a bit crazy, even though I'm not even playing out as I'm not at my house, I appreciate you stopping by though, I appreciate you stopping by though. So, let's run an expedition, let's see how bad I do, let's see how bad I do, hold on a minute, what level am I, that's 47 loot, I don't think my loot's that high is it, Crimson me loving the streams and videos, I appreciate that, I appreciate that, 46, 47, 46, 47, 45, wow, 47, 46, and 44, I'm way below, I'm way below part there then, I need 47s really, Crimson you finally unlocked expeditions, that's cool, man that's cool, so 46 is more or less where I'm at, is there any beasts in the house that want to play with me, any beasts in the house that want to play with me, in fact let me just see, let me just see if my powers are busy, I think it's, is Jay gone offline, no he's mine, he's still on, he's still on, Rafe, Rafe are you there, do you want to play, are you there, do you want to play, one handed game, what's up, what's up, what's up, Malone what world tier you running mate, I'm not even doing world tiers anymore, Rafe come on then, come on then, come on then, get online, get online, get online, only way to party mate, I'm begging the servers, I'm begging the servers are good today, begging that, where are, there you are, there you are, kind of what level are you mate, and send me a message on xbox then, send me a message on xbox, you better be able to hold your own mate, my ass needs carrion, mm-hmm, rumour this gives destiny character vibes and warframe vibes with expeditions and stuff, nice, AGS they seem fine in the xbox UK, last night I'll mate they were shocking, Splash and GS, I have no idea how long they're till they fix the crossplay platform, I'm not sure, I'm not sure, Zac Phantom Vigia she will mate, of course she will, I'm up to about tier 12 at the minute, but my gear is nowhere near high enough to even consider going into it, 47 I've got like two pieces of 47, kind of mate my messages are crazy, you may have sent one before, let's have a look, did you send one yesterday, let's see, Conquer is that you, is that you mate, okay okay, okay he just vanished, what's going on here, what, there he is, there he is, okay so we're just literally just waiting on my mate to finish off his expedition and we're going to get this shit and get that loot, got the hope there's no crossplay right now between PCN console, there's between PlayStation and console, but I'm not sure how good connections are holding up, AGS my pyro's doing near triple the damage of other classes, I'm not surprised mate, I'm not surprised mate, pyro's a beast, I was playing with Vigil last night, cheese, cheese the damage he was doing, I don't even think he was much higher level than me it was crazy, Taddee's or how's it going my man, I hope you are good, I hope you are good where's that legendary chest piece, you guys see this I got this last night, nothing special though to be honest, I mean shotgun damage is a bonus obviously but I mean it's a mother can put on anything, it's a mother can put on anything, I don't even like the way it looks I don't even like the way it looks and it's it's like three-piece suit, ain't that great either, ain't that great, host renegade, PlayStation is some BS, Austin it's not too bad solo, I just prefer to do it in a team, okay so we're here, we are here and we are ready to rock and roll, you can can carry me through a 12, you got boom turn, I got some level 47 gear so it probably won't be too bad but we can just do a level 11 if you want, we can do that in it, AJ put it in the stash and save them for your old character, so that's a good point, that's a good point, see the only reason I have it really, oh shit, excuse me paypal, excuse me paypal, yes the only reason I have it really got rid of it, the universal set so we'll put in my stash, glutes, sorry about that, that was the next position, trying to beat tier 14, nice, Austin brand, earthquake and impale with the build is good, the bleed build is good, yeah, yeah but to be honest, I'm just still messing around with my trickster, I'm like here, there, whatever, King Colby, we're playing expeditions, we're just doing a world tier 11 at the minute, see how connections and shit hold up, which I'm not hopeful for if I'm honest with you, because shit goes crazy, no worries, we got these people, we got these people, we got these folks, we got these three tricksters as well, that's what we do, that's how we work, that's how we do shit, this guy is just a beast, these guys are so hot, well he died, weird, that was weird, first like four shots didn't do nothing to him, then my second shot just destroyed him, interesting, I mean there's so many buffs and abilities and nerf and things going down, I don't know what's what, I've been helping my two pals, they're literally just got to expeditions, so I've been helping them with their expeditions, to get them up, so I've done nothing in terms of progress for myself today at all, nothing at all, I'm so dead, yeah, so this is why this feels so strong, so I feel so weak in this shit, I feel so weak in this shit, Craig how's it going, my man I'm doing good, how are you, how are you, what the hell happened then, I went to revive him, he got up and I died, I died, reviving him and he revived himself in the mid thingy and I just died, I don't even know what happened, I come back to get him and died, I shouldn't have done it, the race is revived though, Ray Moon, how's it going, Wolfie Reds have a good stream, I appreciate that man, I appreciate that my man, DTW, the bullet abilities are so broken, it's not even funny, depends how they're used though, depends how they're used, get out of it, get out of it, Gordon likes to need to add a bullet skill to the Devastate so he can compete, you know what, I was thinking about that earlier, it's kind of weird how the Technomancer is toxic or whatever they're called, I mean we've got twisted on the trickster and the Pyromancer got the volcanic and yet the Devastate has got nothing, so what has the Devastate got in terms of dealing mass extra damage that he can with the twisted rounds, it's a bit weird, they must have added some, they must have substituted some there, I don't know, like they're not used Devastate so I can't really, don't really know much about them in game and shit, so I've had a few people say they're quite good but I've had others say they're vastly underpowered but I don't know, I guess it's just the way you build, I guess, anybody add any new legendaries as well, I still haven't had no new ones at all, game stingy to me now, I need that mud menu luck people, I need that mud menu luck people, that's what I need, a massive grouping ability, so Hendry say Devastate needs a buff, I play Devastate of Arm and I wish I choose someone else, really, yeah geez man, that's what I'm saying, it's mixed feelings about the Devastate, plenty of them, plenty of them, like I got a mate who was doing it and he's actually relatively good at the game but you're trying to do solo expeditions, I mean if you could do them it just couldn't, it just couldn't do him quick enough, you need to tell Jay about that build then, Shay Devastate is a tank character, it would make sense for them to have rounds, like let you deal extra damage and Devastate is trash no matter what you're using it for, the word Devastate is good just depends on the build but can Devastate ever be as good as a pyromancer or a technomancer, that's another question, I don't know if it can you know, what I've seen pyromancers do are unbelievable, my mate is a trickster here, where is he, he's over the other side of the room, but you'll see his damage he does, he's just a beast, obviously I taught him everything he knew, but you know one of them ones, ha ha ha, flying an anomaly speck, no one can be as good as technomancer, I know technomancer a beast, I'm not gonna lie technomancer a beast, come on bitch here's what you got, you ain't got nothing, you ain't got nothing, who's that scrub on the floor, who's that scrub on the floor, come on now is that you, get up, get up boy, he's supposed to be carrying me mate, I'm so dead here, I was talking about you and I him, he's only out in my stream, I have as well, what are you talking about, kind of all have eye level gear like you so this is easy, you're gonna give me some of that loot, game you, Jack Gibbs I got 101 hours on steam, Jesus man, Shay, Pyro is better than techno in the end game, I won't argue with that to be honest, your death change, you know I was messing around earlier, marks when I was playing with my mates, obviously they're on much lower world challenge here so I was just putting on any random perk, so I just thought yeah, it's not bad to be honest, it's not as good as my usual, everyone I use, can't remember what it's called now but what level we got here, what level we got here then, I got nothing for what I need, I need 46, I really need 47, I need 46 helmet, I got nothing there, yeah I got better, better things there, that's not bad, well the music makes me feel like I need laser sights and money, Zortun, I can solo challenge tier 15 on my trickster with a ball walk, nice, wish I had that legendary mate, wish I didn't even need, good need legendaries mate, 500 people in the stream, I appreciate that love already people, if you haven't already do hit that like button, I appreciate that, I appreciate that, I appreciate that mark, so let's change that on my shotgun because it won't really be that effective there, not gonna lie, actually I'll change shotgun behind you first, fireworks, no thanks, I'm gonna go with, probably claymore on this, yeah I've got claymore, even though I don't really shoot them, I could probably run two shotguns you know, I could run two shotguns, that'd be quite cool, death change, nah, it's okay but nothing special, I'll go back to my bone shrapnel, Kira and Riz, you first down on your d-pad mate, Exiled, how's it going, how's it going, check variant type, oh yeah, I can't remember last time I used any of the weapon in one of these, do you reckon we could do a 12, can plant, yeah it's here, and so this is gonna be hard for me, this is, he's one, bested, yeah today's you know what, I keep forgetting, I should keep my, dismantle my blue and purples and sell my blues, I'll just keep, I'll just keep forgetting, I'll just keep forgetting, Madrad level up your gear with platinum, I have been doing that mate, I have been doing it, Sif, how's it going, how's it going, oh yours outright, the end game is pretty good, kind of no problem mate, no problem at all, I appreciate you coming and playing, yes Ralph, we need that, like spike, like spike, like spike, like spike, tell homage I do normally dismantle my legendaries for the mods, if it's a universal, I'll put it in my bank, my vault for my alt characters when they eventually get there, J, which issue can mate, it's just gonna be me and you do Jacob, let's hope he's gone, too many, I was going for his dinner, scorpions, you got no EPS mate, that's that, amazing looking LMG, amazing, snags, my favourite weapon type, he's a shotgun mate, kind of just got kicked off, I thought he was gone anyway, Craig, I got some legendary legs for the trickster today, for the corona suit, yeah man, what did I get, what did I get, no I got a chest piece, it's a universal chest piece, that's it, have you found any legendary army, BT, yeah I just found that one, that one I just showcased, what do you say, that's it, I'm reporting it, Certain music, welcome to the family, you absolute legend of a human being, I appreciate that love, my man, I really do, I really do, and guys remember, if you become a member of my channel, which I'll link, I'll link in the thingy now, we'll go chat now, if you become a member of my channel, you get a sexy green name in my stream, you get a beautiful icon next to your name, you also get, well if you follow me on Twitter, I'll follow you back, if you join my Discord, I'll link your YouTube and your Discord, you get an exclusive role and you also get access to an exclusive channel, and if you're members obviously, when I'm looking to play with people, members get first dibs obviously, but yes, seven, I appreciate that love, my man, I've just, if anyone's interested in finding out more about becoming a member of my channel, and supporting me directly, check out the pinned comment, it really does help me out, as you guys know, Ryan Vickers, yes he's playing on the Toast to mate, it's not even on the Xbox, I'll quit out to lobby and see if that helps, blaze and proto type, also welcome to the family, my man, I appreciate that love, I appreciate that love, you absolutely, I know you're human being, I know you're human being, wow killing it already guys, killing it already guys, Twilight of Thunder, can you give me any tips in leveling up my gear, um, what level are you, what level is your gear, if you're still low levels, it's not worth leveling up your gear mate, it's worth just farming for a new fresher higher level gear, is it sir tent music or sir vent music, I've been watching your streams a long time, keep them coming loving that out rudder's content, I appreciate that man, AJS you should give them an option of four colors as a member, uh name, green for technomancer, red for pyro, blue for trickster and yellow for dev, oh I can't mate because it goes up in stages of how long you've been a member, it only changes with like after one month or after two months and shit, I believe anyway, I think so, it all depends on the membership status you got, I believe you, you're level 30, what will tier you playing under Thunder, and are you into expeditions yet, Tom Austin, welcome to the family, you guys are killing it today, three new members already, wow, wow I appreciate that love, Tom Austin you are an absolute legend too, an absolute legend too, um Tristan, Berryman, what legends have you got now, I've had six in total, nothing special to be honest, nothing really that new, um I had the, what did I have, I've had the Bolton Funda, the thunderbird, I had my mugger, is it my mugger or my muggler, I had that chess piece what I not long showed, and I think that's, oh and I had the golems limb, I think that's about it, I think that's about it, Stefan just soloed up to a tier seven exhibition so far, nice, okay servant, servant yeah, I thought it was a tea, servant that makes more sense, that makes more sense, Snags what's the worst the best class in order in my opinion for end game I'd go worst, Devastator, second worst I'd go Trickster, third I'd go Technomancer and best I'd go Pyromancer, but that's just what I've seen, that's what I've seen, not what I know because obviously I've only played Trickster, I've only, I've only, I've only played Trickster, do a barrel roll, can't do barrel rolls in my character mate, I've got an exclusive mod, it's called, oh shit I'm so, I'm yawning, it's called, excuse me, it's called Phantom Dash, Anton Davies only just unlocked expeditions, any tips, just take your time, you're not too bad if you start from the bottom and level up slowly, you're not too bad, you're not too bad, Herbius Debeni is the few newer Pyre, a good shotgun, it looks good, it cools down comets, it sounds, it sounds incredible, I haven't used it myself so I can't say if it's good or not, but from what I've seen it looks okay, it looks okay, Kreek how would you compare the game to Destiny 1, in a lot of ways in terms of, I mean obviously it plays miles different, it's a, well I say cover based, it's supposed to be a cover based Loot Shooter but there's no one to use and cover in this game, it's a third person Loot Shooter with deep, deep, deep RPG elements, with crafting, building, grinding, but in terms of D1 it reminds me of that time where you got that exotic you've been chasing for a long, long while and it feels good, like if you're doing the Raid, the Vault of Glass and you finally get the Vexmythal Glass, after doing it for 50 tries, it feels like that, that kind of feeling when you get Loot Drop or something higher or something you need and it means something in this game as well, it helps you progress, listen Rafe I've had enough of you already mate, fucking hell, but yeah in terms of Destiny 1 there's a lot of things there, but the game itself plays miles, miles different, Brendan imagine he goes and gets a legendary and the game kicks him out, why would you say that Brendan, why would you say that mate, why would you say that mate, that's not very nice, no I'm just going to follow my matter around because I'm such a low level here, I ain't going to have to do much damage, can this, can this people, ah tickle his ass, tickle, tickle, tickle, tickle, tickle, this is a pure co, this is a pure co, to them I ain't too bad, it's just a main dude, Wolfman you keep getting error codes, that sucks mate, that sucks mate, the servers are always obviously super busy here, a lot of people around the world are just getting on, waking up, coming home from work, so they get way more people playing this time of night, Cyber Shark, any tips for a pyromancer skill build, ah yeah delete it and create a trickster, I'm only saying that because pyromancers are clearly better, now to be honest mate I haven't used a pyromancer yet but I'm pretty certain somebody in the chat will help you out there, pyromancer is probably going to be the second one I use though, 100% because I'll see what they can do and they're beastly and I like the fact you have to think more about your builds as well like you see on the, on the technomancer, the trickster is just straight up weapon damage, put a shotgun on, run in, shoot and get out, yeah I went for a mate to help me there because yeah, wow, wow, wow, it's just, it's just big dudes everywhere and I can't get out, I'm so trapped, this damage people, look at this damage, I've got this shit, I've got this shit, Coug I'm thinking about using a Devastator first, I mean it's entirely up to you but that is definitely not the one I'd use first, yeah yeah I'm on use there, yeah yeah, I think so just two of them though they're in there, which one do you use, I'll have a look which one I'll go on after this, Vision 2, what do you do after you complete the campaign, we get access to expeditions, it's basically 14 missions and a final one, we should level up even further, drop the highest loot in the game and have the most chance of dropping those legendaries as well mate, all that beauty for loot you know what I mean, all that beauty, oh these guys are strong, this guy just does not die would happen, my ability would work, bitch, snacks for days, it depends on the actual tier you're doing, obviously the higher up the better, a lot of people are getting really lucky with these, I ain't to be honest, I mean I've had two so far, I don't know how many I've run in total, about two so far I think I've had, low key tricks to jump like a clown with no effect, techno one shot people, I'm not even gonna argue with that, I'm not even gonna argue that because all I do is literally just jump around, that's all I do, there's not much else I can do, they make a good point mate, I mean look at this, these guys are just battering me, the smaller adds them okay with the buses mate they're too powerful, snacks for days, you can solo them quite easily, as long as your gear's right, you can definitely solo them, oh shit, get out of there, get out of there, it's about this chem plant, this is the worst room, the other rooms ain't too bad, this is by far the worst one, I'm sure you're trying to run out and slice up, ain't happening mate, ain't happening mate, use that a little too early then, a little too early, Jesus people, there's a lot of adds up there then, you don't want to be going up there, no, no, no, I've ever seen Green Ridge it'd be great if we get past the silent screen, yeah man, yeah man I've definitely got work to do with the servers and that's all we know, that's all we know because the game itself is great, it's just the servers man, the servers, the servers are crazy, the servers are crazy man, back in fire, kiss dude, like no thanks, I'll stay away, I'll stay on my fucking way, Vanderhoek, how's it going man, how's it going, hope you're good, hope you're good, that's what I need, I need a nice fully auto shotgun, that's what I need, a nice leveled fully auto shotgun, this guy's powerful man, this guy's alright, fully spine train it, check him out, check him out man, Matt Green, I'm on a PC and crash a lot while it's getting better, yeah obviously it's gonna get better all the time, it's just unfortunate that it releases and everyone's trying to play, everyone's getting, trying to get on and farming shit and it's just not working properly for everybody, it sucks, it does suck, I just made a massive mistake then, I ran out then and my house just drained, wow, that was crazy, they're bad, yeah marks, yeah, full auto shotgun with clip roller and bone shrapnel, yeah, great, great role that is, I need to make a couple videos with like role ideas and shit, things that could be like good combinations and mods and weapons and that, I've got a few in mind, it's just getting the weapons to drop with the said mod on it, so I'm gonna play the other one and test them out, that's the only problem, I did try a like, you know like the marksman rifles, like the snipers that one shot and do a lot of damage, I did try and take the mod off the torment and agony by reloading, deal was three times the weapons damage to a weapon you've hit, to an enemy you've hit, they just did, it weren't, it weren't activating, I don't know if there's, it don't work, it weren't activating, it weren't working for me, it's just unfortunate because I think that could be some, do something dirty, yeah I don't know, I don't know, maybe it's just me, I might try it again, see, but we'll see, these guys are on my ass, these guys are on my ass man, oh shit give me my health, give me my health man, what I needed that so much, what are you running to mate, what are you running to mate, what are you running to, he ain't really nowhere, oh that's a big guy, just a guy we don't mess with, no, no way mate, getting out of that, I mean he does damage with his, whatever he's, I think he's, I don't know what he's using but it's a monster, that's all I know, that's all I know, don't worry about it, Remlocks has it going, Targore didn't see you there, Nick Bland has it going, how's it going, I'll read through these in a second, let me just get this done, let me just get this done, these guys hate me look, I'm so, gonna let me get my, I'm thinking of a way mate, flipping now, there we go, there we go, we went too far off a gold there to be honest, Targore with a 2 down donation, I appreciate that love man, your tricks is the best, tricks the dpj, yes I know this, I know this, what a scumbag, what a scumbag, Chris, no mate, I am an xbox, I am on xbox my man, I'm on that xbox man, you have this debate, it only procs on reload yes, but you one shot and you automatically reload the weapon but it just doesn't seem to be working, it doesn't seem to be working, 750 plus people in the stream, I appreciate that love, I appreciate that love, if you haven't already hit that like button on the stream too, it really helps me out, it really helps me out, silent sky, I'm just running it in a 2 man for a bit until I get my gear up, bringing in a 3rd as well just makes it way harder than what it needs to be, Tim I've been slightly buggy today, auto looping and stopped working for a bit on xbox, yeah that happens quite a bit, that happens quite a bit, Toria, yeah Tom and Agni are not working on my LMG builder either, so it could actually just be the pert then, hey, hey, Remnux how's it going, how's it going, hope you're good, Dave Benson, I've been redoing the beast hunts and mark target hunts and I always get two legendaires when I turn everything in, yeah that can happen, typical good guy club, the twisted rounds mod I use is, I use two additional mags, I think that's the only one I use for the time being, yes for the time being that's the only one I use, okay so I got a, oh yes, yeah yeah so we got good dead, did we get legs, oh we got legs a bit higher, nice I can take that, oh what the odds, okay legs we have a bit higher too, yeah people we're getting there, we're getting there, we're getting there, I just need a little, give me a little, I need a helmet, my helmet's letting me down massively, I'm going to sell my blues because I've just remembered, sell the blues, sell the blues, Nick Brown got to get on that auto shotgun life fam, yeah I do, I do in fact, yeah the next one I get I'm probably going to try and use, don't want to be a blue though, Bayes you can level gear up but it's so expensive, so expensive, I mean I leveled a couple of minor paints, so expensive, so expensive, I think this is the highest I can get to at the minute, okay I can go up one more, see it's too fast and too fast, what do you reckon people, do you reckon it's worth it, do you want, I don't care I'll do it, ain't like I'm ever going to start playing them all, I was going to get these back, so ain't too bad, Petrenko, no you cannot pick the color of your armor, I wish you could, that'd be cool, no you can't unfortunately, no you cannot, no you cannot, it would be good, Daniel would you recommend playing on hard tier for the world level for the main story quest, and then would you change hard tier for grinding loot, it depends what you want to do, do you want to take your time, do you want to enjoy the campaign, do you want to challenge, if not I suggest going up to about a world tier eight, gain level that's unpar with our world tier eight enemies and adds, then dropping it back down to like a world tier five, then playing up until expeditions and you'll be set mate, yeah fat bastard, blues, glorious, blues, Kreeg, I've joined the members chat, figured it out, haha, had to link my youtube and discord, that's the one mate, that's the one, zero, how's it going, hey man I just got a CT 10, I found some, I love it today, nice, nice finally, finally got it working mate, I know he was having trouble yesterday, I think he had a lot of trouble yesterday, did you know, Jim Jim, I've got five legendaries now, three are thunderbirds, you've had five legendaries and three are thunderbirds, toggle work that kind of, work that kind of odds out, I mean there's 146 is there legendaries, he's had five and three are the same one, I mean that's bad luck mate, that's bad luck mate, Christopher Bobsy, Bozby, making the habit of catching your streams, great way to enjoy an after work evening while playing out riders, good day in and out a game, I appreciate that my man, I appreciate that my man, I really do, I really do, showing you I've been living in my tricks all day, I'm struggling, yeah man, so I've got, we've got Archways of Enoch, Stargrave or Mighty Night Post, 12 again you reckon, give me a second people, I'm just gonna run and grab a drink, give me a second, I'm back, I'm back, Archway how's it going, toggle, 0.009% chance, have you just made that up, then because I've got the air to the desert in Damascus, LMG, your expedition is nice, what's the air to the desert like in terms of coral and indoor sandstorms, I really want to know, I really want to know, just so you know, no Rave, these are below my gear now I think, oh no, I need a pistol badly man, I need a pistol and a helmet, I think ours is 47, they're 43 and 45, it's pretty bad, is it not, so 12, 11 then, so hello at all, 9, 8, 7, yes, yes, yes, people like spike, look spike, like spike, like spike, like spike, like spike, like people, people, people, people, if you're just tuning in, hit that like button, then rocks, storms coming so often, how much damage did it do or what did it even do, did it lay down any kind of special effect or any kind of debuff on the enemy or is it just damage, Jesus toggle, you are quite good at math, 1 in 42, 1 in 84, then 1 in 168, you know, row is Jesus, that's crazy, Petriardus, PC servers working, I'm not too sure mate, Samuel, hey hello DPJ, what is the best assault rifle in Outriders, I can't answer that mate because I haven't had any in terms of legendaries, I've had Zilch, I've had a Thunderbird, that's it, in the full game and like, yeah, that's it, come on then bitches, I'll fuck you all up, yeah, one shot good everybody, R0 you know it, I never thought of that, I never thought of putting that on it, that would be crazy, double the thunder, oh man, I never thought of that, shit, there's also I've noticed as well, a tier 3 version of the mod I'm using that drops on a sniper, I can't remember what I'm using that, I'll have a quick look in a second, hopefully I don't die, this mod here, there's a tier 3 version of it, it drops on a sniper, and a bone shrapnel, mate, tier 2 and tier 3, did they stack then, that's naughty that is, that's naughty, 800 people in the stream, I appreciate that love you beautiful bastards, Vivid born you're my favourite youtuber ever, alright, well that's crazy, considering the amount of youtubers out there as well, thank you, thank you very much indeed, even if you don't mean it, it's still nice to say to somebody, you know, what the hell has hit me there, Jesus, I go for the easy guys, George I love you too man, I love you too man, my buddy found a way to get a guaranteed decent role, how's that in English, you can't just come here, you can't just come here yeah, and say shit like that, you gotta explain it, people want to know, we want to know, don't we chat, tell him chat, we want to know about this shit, toggle, Jesus, the Zerker robot favourite class so far, I may have only used one, that's a trickster, I don't think anybody's gone through all four classes to know that, to give you a definitive answer on which is the best or favourite, but I don't think anyone could have used all four, yeah I definitely need a fully auto shotgun, he's just a mountain, hello there, shit, Jesus, Jack Gibbs you want to know the absolute terrifying thing, and I'll short you guys after a while, I got a video sent to me on xbox where a guy was using that across the river xp farm, got a postage yeah, he was doing on a world tier one yeah, listen to this, he got a legendary drop, I'll short you guys in a second, it is crazy, if you want to see it that is, I mean if you don't want to see it let me know, if you do want to see it also let me know, yeah, how crazy is that, it's crazy, hello mate, zero, I haven't got enough resources mate, I could probably save for it, you're right you know, you're right, you know I actually have a look at that, zero, I'll take a look at it, but remember you got to leave it, leave one of the ads alive for five minutes before finishing the expedition, almost guaranteed Lego bro, Latin guy I think you're trawling me there, I think you're trawling me, honestly I think you're trawling me, Jack Gibbs on Loving the Dynamos, SMG, I've seen it, I haven't used it, what's it like, favorite expedition, walrus is definitely the chem plant, I wish that big bastard would leave me alone, vivid fool, yes I did mate, that was back in the day, I did start more or less with emblems for black ops one and two, a long long time ago that was man, a long long time ago, yeah it's a good point, zero, it's a good point, I'll have a look in a quick second, well when we've done this I'll have a look, you can farm an hour with chests and get all of the offers, is that just for your epics as well, because you know there's bosses, I don't know if you saw that farmer posted yesterday with a warlord, you can kill him like literally every 20-25 seconds, and for me more or less guaranteed an epic every time really, wouldn't that be quicker than the chest, isn't that, let me chase him mate, come on, make my fuckers, ow, come on then, let's go, let's go, 857 people creeping up 900, nice nice, I appreciate that love you, beautiful human beings, oh this was the very first one I actually did, this was the very first one I actually did, and my teammate's got boo that last bit, so yeah, a little a little more powerful now than what it was, so it shouldn't be too bad, ow, these birds are annoying as heck man, I hate them, I hate the birds, the birds are so annoying, just don't stop moving man, I'm gonna stop still you, fat or dirty looking chicken, stop still, stop still bird, there we go, there we go, Tom Austin, upgraded membership to legend, wow, what a beautiful human being man, I need more people like you in my life, I appreciate that love though I really do, I really do my man, use the ability you shit game, what the fuck is going on man, I'm spamming that then, like 20 presses, stop it, stop it, give me a little, take that fat dude, where you going, oh he just vanished, I love that, gotta love that, get off me, get off me, Jack Gibbs you are a legend mate, you know that already, yeah that makes sense to be honest, that makes sense to be honest, I think my AR did have threes on it, I took it off, put on a Claymore which I do love as well, I love Claymore, I'm so going down here, I'm so going down here, oh it was so close, birds man it was shitting all kind of blue stuff on me, dirty creatures, get off me, get off me, get off me, I thought I was lagging out or to cry it, I would have cried, I'm done, I lagged like mad then I thought I was lagging out the game, now I thought I was going to, I'm like my game like feels really hard and that's the sport I'm doing, alright I need to get him up here, in fact your Claymore is sick, expert bear, welcome to legend, what happened then, did it lag you, oh it was bad in that shot, I don't like that, anything with the birds I hate, I hate, I'd rather do anything, the birds just shit on you man, can't do nothing, it's fucking don't work for me, spit it back at me mate, pressure I'm trying to get a good auto, uh Claymore and chains are on it, yep, yep, how do you get the teleport dodged, it's a random drop mate, there's no guaranteed way I can get it, no guaranteed way I can get it, whoa that's so bright man, oh shit it's hurting my eyes, quite a bit of loot though, quite a bit of loot though, pure blues of people, pure blues, show me what you got lady, so can I click all my blues, a zero, yeah we have, indeed we have, um if you want to play, sell items, yeah we're good, get rid of that shit, get rid of that shit, give me all those resources man, give me all those resources man, who's a louch, who's a louch, oh it's a little louch, oh yeah, it's all good, it's from the chat yeah, it's zero, look at all that beautiful scrap, look at all that beautiful scrap popping up on the screen, okay so how much does this guy, what we got here for sale then, what we got here for sale then we need, well I need 19,000 of the thingies so I need quite a few to get anything here, the ball works possibly a monster as well is it not, feel the way too high for me to buy, darts if you're the objective you know you can go and hunt quick mark as a recycle and go to the store and it will prompt you with a sell or marked option, no I did not know that mate, zero you're good for a 12, are you good for a 12, a visual yes you can only swap one mod it locks the other one in place, it locks the other one in place so yeah, we can keep swapping out the one you changed so if you put one on it you can replace the one you put on it, but yeah you can only apply one, oh damn yo yes yes yes I appreciate that jack, decent looking, decent looking, do you guys want to see that guy get that world tier, get that legendary from a world tier one, check this out let me see if I've still got the message, I did reply to him saying what the heck, I think oh that was another guy, no I replied to him to delete it, I must have deleted it let me get rid of that little troll ambassador, oh is it this guy yeah, yeah here people watch this, you guys ready for this, world tier one, world tier one you see that then, you see that then he had a legendary off in a world tier one, how there, how there is that, how there is that, jammy, so jammy, so jammy, um what we got, yes let's go let's go, want to try 12 now, chem plant, charge rider, just got a bull walk as a tier 12 reward, wow, geez, land a 900 mate, you're not the only one, I was having so many problems earlier trying to do it, game wasn't having any of it, and it's like peak hours throughout the world is between about 5 pm UK time to about 9 pm, after that it seems to be alright too, toggle that's a jersey like my steaks, you're like my wife, she likes to see blood in her steaks that's disgusting man, I don't want that sheet, you might as well just bite into a cow, chase the cow around the field and bite into its ass, you see that I'm a stream just in a rave, a guy got a legendary on a world tier one, jammy any, jammy man, will we attend, it's gonna be so hot, oh shit, I'm just gonna follow my teammates around, try and help in terms of damage, I ain't gonna be able to lay much down by myself, let's not lie to ourselves, I definitely need a full auto shotgun, the damage I'm seeing people doing with them and mine's just tickling, oh wait, I'll kill him eventually, poppy power, you know what I mean, poppy power, I got a funny feeling though my teammates are gonna get kicked this round, I can feel it now, Seth Bennett do you think the game is in offline mode, I think one would be nice but the problem with it is the back end server updates, the server saving and this that and the other, I think they had a good, they had a good things about it being always online, that's why I think it's good about it being online but an offline mode would be great, I'm not gonna lie, it would be great, Jeremy, I don't think, a lot of people are having problems with matchmaking, that's all I know, I think it works but you'll be, you'll be lucky, you'll be lucky, I know they tweeted out earlier so I'm about saying something about, they're working on, they're working on the fix for multiplayer bot and the connections and shit but you know, Master Luke is the game worth it, the game is worth it mate, the game is 100% worth it, there's no question about that, let me just drop my nothing here, dude's legs running away man, fight your nose again, stop it, nose not wanting to be in the plane, whoa, what the hell happened there, oh wow he just beach slapped me then, I'm gonna run this way around, it's not a good sign when it takes four shots to take out a rifleman, you know, you know people, not a good sign and there's a ton of ads there, oh shit, Timothy Bradley, any tips on getting purples, if you go to my channel a video I posted yesterday, they boss you can kill literally every 20 to 30 seconds depending on your level, mate you'll get a ton of them mate, you'll get a ton of them mate, don't worry lads I got this, I got this lads, I can see you struggling, I got this, oh shit, Jesus man, zero yo, is the enemy, the captains you have like a teleport thing but I don't think I was anywhere near one then, I mean you just appeared on the other side of the map, I don't know what was going down, oh shit man, fuck hell of a, AJS I got an airy master legend and a world tier one, that's because you're a lucky bastard, that's because you're a lucky ma, fuck, that's all that is, hello, hello, what just happened, what just happened, the game's just proper done me over, that's craziness, I'm only picking up, yeah I was standing and I got teleported into the middle of all these fucking heads, I don't know what the fuck was going on, you are all twisted, you like playing other classes, people are still on their first classes mate, what I'm doing toggle is I'm helping them get their accolades, the accolades will be viving, you know, that's what I'm doing mate, that's what I'm good for, that's what I'm good for, these adds are just too strong, you're getting extra then, I need to pick it up again, you got this J, you got this mate, you're a boss, where are you, can't see, where is he, I was over there, oh man, to me for you, being teleporting across the map is so annoying but funny as fuck, yeah, can you stack this one here, with this one here, that could be quite good, because this is quite powerful, when you teleport behind an enemy, some of the mines are quite powerful, the scrubs unite, yeah I know, I do, I mean these enemies are just destroying me, I am way too low but I thought I'd try it you know, in a team of three as well makes it worse, zanders, how's it going, stay here until I get my health, this is crazy, this is crazy man, oh my days, Andrea you all got three legos, today from level up world tier, the implode, the one from the trail at tusks and the voodoo, nice, nice, he's health dropping people look, he's health dropping, he's hiding, he's running, I think he's loitering me, I think he's loitering me, yeah, that's hard but I thought a chem plant would be a bit easier, it's just that one room there, it's crazy man, it's crazy, crazy, did you know there's a glitch for the chem plant, we can skip the third enchanter, is there, I don't know about that, sounds fun to me though, sounds fun to me, yes tier 11, what level is the armor and gear now then, getting up there then, is it, jeez, smashing it, smashing it, I don't know if I should also go full fast, you're using a fully auto shotgun as well, looks powerful as heck, he's just so joining, oh he's gone, oh he know, I've been loving the game, I normally grind the person but this game and running expedition non stop is getting old, as a game ambassador do you know if anything else is coming, no I do not know if anything else is coming mate, that's all, Ralph Wilkins is sunset on a winter falcon and winter soldier, that little girl kicked your ass, DMG gaming, how's it going, how's it going, hope you're good, hope you are good my man, Jack Gibbs I already checked it out mate, Ralph Wilkins with a five dollar donation, I appreciate that love, for tissues for your tears or as Tuggle calls them, D.P.J. wipes, boom to town 12, I didn't say D.P.J.