He says look at the three screen shots below. All right, everybody stop. I'll explain the screen shots when we get there. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Taken from iStat menus, system information and get info of my primary SSD capacity. In my effort to determine exactly how much hard drive space I have remaining on my 512 gigabyte internal SSD, I just can't seem to get an accurate answer. System info shows 157 gigabytes free. iStat menu shows a whopping 351 gigabytes free and right clicking the desktop icon to get info. Windows shows 327 gigabytes used, but 350 gigabytes free. Man, you're making hard drive space there, Steve. Good for you. Yeah. He goes, how is that possible on a 512 gigabyte? Yeah, because 327 and 350 is definitely more than 512. Yeah, we don't do public math here. Well, we know that, but we know that. Yeah, exactly. Three in three is six. And we're done. That's right. Yeah. Yeah. All right. Any thoughts? Where would you recommend I go for the most accurate representation of my used and free space? Thanks, guys, Steve. I think what you're seeing from iStat menus and the get info window is more informative for you, where it says there's 351 gigs free. The 157 is correct, I believe. Yeah. But the 351 is the number that actually matters to you. And the reason is snapshots. Your Mac as part of time machine backups, perhaps carbon copy cloner backups, perhaps other things, system updates, et cetera, is likely making snapshots on a regular basis. And those snapshots can take up significant amounts of space. But they are also purgeable. And so while you have snapshots that amount to what, about 193 gigabytes there, if I'm doing public math correctly, if you were to need that space, macOS would purge them starting with the oldest one most likely and free up that space for you to use. So the 157 shows you the amount of free space that's truly free after all your snapshots are included with the snapshots being included in the used space. The 350 would not include the snapshots in the used space. It is technically used, but it can be purged if you need to use that storage. So what you're seeing from iStat and the get info window is correct. Now the get info window is likely also correct with the 327 because that's going to give you, you know, if you've got 512 minus 327, that gets you to about 185. So, you know, it's close. The snapshots are always kind of moving things around. There's other purgeable space that happens on APFS volume. So it's never quite going to be, you're never quite going to get exactly there. But I guarantee you, in most cases, the space is going to be used by most of the space is going to be used by snapshots. You can go see this and macOS now will show you. It used to be the only way to see it was in carbon copy cloner. But now you can see it macOS go launch disk utility, click on the name of your drive in the left column, and then wait. At the at the bottom of the detail pane for that, you will see APFS snapshots on name of drive. It will take a little bit for that list to populate and then it will take even longer for that list to start showing you sizes. Once it does, you can actually sort the list by size or date created or however you want. And you could start if you needed to, you know, free up space quickly. You could delete some of the larger snapshots to get rid of those and free up that that actual space. But the system will do this for you. So you don't really have to worry about it as much. Okay, I'm sorry. So in disk utility, you click on the name of the drive. Yeah. And then wait. You know, once you've clicked on the name of the drive on the right, you know, the right hand pane of that that shows you the details of the drive that you've clicked on, it's going to show you the name and the, you know, the mount point and the capacity and the format type and all that. But at the bottom of that window, it should say APFS snapshots on drive name. It's certainly on your system drive. Yeah. And like I said, that window will be empty at first, then it will fill with all of your snapshots. And then it will start populating one by one, the amount of storage each one of them is using.


In Assam, the flood situation remains grim. The state of northeastern India has experienced two waves of floods in the past two months which has led to the displacement of lax of people and hundreds of deaths. Today, I am joined by Dr. Mirza Zulfika Rahman, an independent researcher based in Guwahati, to discuss the issue. Dr. Mirza holds a research specialization on border studies in northeastern India and trans-boundary water sharing and management issues between China, India and Bangladesh. Thank you for joining us, sir. Assam has traditionally been prone to floods. Could you explain the reason for this phenomenon and tell its history? When we talk about Assam, it is then, and we also talk about the history of Assam. Assam was quite a large area as you know historically and from there several states came up in northeastern India. If we talk about a larger region, this larger region has always been a rain abundant region and always have been prone to floods because of the geomorphology of the river Bhuputra. And especially after the 1950 earthquake, when the riverbed constantly went up, the river became less able to carry the water flow that was there in the monsoon season and therefore used to frequently flood the banks. So in that course of that, immediately after the 1950 earthquake, there was the need for building a lot of embankments along the river Bhuputra in order to protect important oil towns and tea gardens growing towns and other commercial establishments in and around major towns of Assam. And those embankments that were built over time and across these decades, the several decades have also quite a lot in terms of amplified flood in many ways. And that in combination with climate sense events with different varying rainfall patterns across time, especially in the past few years that we have seen, in combination with the infrastructure that we have laid on the ground such as embankments has actually created the floods in Assam. So in that sense, flood has traditionally been welcomed by the people when these embankments were not there, when people used to dance below when floods used to arrive, because floods used to mean that the fertile silt would actually come and be deposited on the lands, which would actually enable them to have a good harvest. But after a point of time when these embankments started building in a different manner, because after the 1950 earthquake, it was India was just getting independent and there was not enough time and resources to devote to mapping the flood plain properly. And without doing that properly, there was a lot of embankments which were there to protect for short term measures. And that actually over and over the decades have been layered up to such an extent that now we are seeing such a high intensity of floods in the region. While the years between 2016 and 2020 have all been flood filled, except for 2018, what went wrong on the policy level in all these years that caused people to suffer so much? So the conversation around floods in Assam, particularly, has always been revolved around the flood season first. And also the attitude of only providing rescue and relief. And that has been the dominant narrative and building embankments whenever there is a flood prone area, you build the embankment. So these are very structural measures, physical infrastructure that is built by the government and are very, very structural measures. And there has been, traditionally, over investment by the government on structural measures through mitigate floods. And that also needs to be accompanied by non-structural measures which relate to more other non-structural flood mitigation techniques and also a consultation and a conversation with the communities who live along the river and to be able to tap into the traditional knowledge systems where communities have been living with floods for generations. And the inability to do that at the policy level has also accentuated the impact of the floods in recent years. And also, given the fact that climate since even the rainfall patterns have been quite accumulated within a short period of time, and in addition to the infrastructure on the ground, is actually creating much more destruction on the ground. We can see this coming. And year on year, the intensity of the floods have been increasing. But the point is to actually take a step back, not only concentrate on only providing relief and rescue, but also try to actually bring out alternative non-structural flood mitigation measures, which are not only limited to Assam, but on a transboundary level. The solution for floods, again, cannot be found overnight, just as the reasons for the floods have not been treated overnight. It has taken decades to, for the region of this flood to be more intense. Therefore, the solution for the floods also will also take much more time. It will never happen overnight. But the conversation has to start. The conversation to my mind has not started as yet. We have to also see how different regions around the world have hoped with such kind of floods, especially in the Mekong Delta and also maybe in Bangladesh, for example, in downstream of the river, and also said as practices of mitigation measures. And so that we can actually be able to come up to terms in the next cycle of floods. And the conversation around floods does not only have to happen during the flood season. It has to be a year-long conversation. In the non-flood season also, we have to continuously speak about how to actually tackle the next floods. That has to be there. That I think will distribute there. Exactly. In this context only, Assam is a border state. How does this factor come into play when we talk about floods in the state? See, coming back to the point that I made earlier, that we should not see the floods as contained within the territory of Assam only. Assam is just one state of North East India. And there are so many linked kind of factors across North East India and not only North East India, but also Bhutan, China, and Bangladesh. All of this humiliatively form the crux of the larger bio region. If you look at the larger geographical region, that kind of lens should be applied in order to find mitigations and solutions to floods. We cannot have this narrow minded view of only Assam to be seen because a lot of the solutions that needs to be applied in order to tackle floods has to be given at the river basin level and not at the territorial level of provinces within the Indian nation state. Bhutan has to be brought into the focus. China has to be brought into what is happening in China that also has to be factored in. And what is also happening in downstream Bangladesh? How are measures taken in India are affecting downstream in Bangladesh? All of this cooperative kind of a regional approach, a cooperative regional approach is the way forward in order to find lasting solutions towards floods because climate risk can climate change. All of this and huge calamitous events such as floods are going to be the norm in the future and if we do not have a regional approach, a regional solidarity, we will not be able to find solutions. Correct, keeping the rapid climate change in mind, what are the three long term decisions you think the state government and other stakeholders must make as soon as possible to prevent this crisis from happening repeatedly? Yeah, so the first is that the realisation that these solutions would need to be balanced between structural and non-structural measures and bring that effectively into policy and also provide effective on-ground training to a lot of the officials and administration which is involved in such flood mitigation measures. As of now, most of the measures are mostly targeted at relief and rescue and which needs to be broadened and for that to happen, we need a lot of training to be imparted to district administration and also across sharing of best practices, even within the region. For example, what recently happened in Karcher, how the district administration were able to enable to provide a response to that floods has to be a lesson shared with different district administrations within Assam and also with other states of North East India and also, for example, what happened in half-long last one. So in that sense, a lot of this cumulative understanding would then bring about some sort of a change in attitudes towards how we actually can confront floods and also we need to kind of bring in at a policy level that a lot of infrastructural changes that we have seen in the past few years has also led to several landslides, the intensity of landslides happening in North East India quite often and that being accompanied by floods can be very destructive to communities. So that needs to be factored in and also seeing that the economic connectivity that we are trying to push through at a rapid pace should not disrupt the ecological connectivity of the region because if that ecological connectivity is disrupted at this pace, then the economic connectivity will also get affected at some point of time and we can see the economic loss because of these floods every year has been quite huge. It is not just enough to only rebuild but also it is important to reassess and then build sustainability. That is important and at the end I would like to mention there is the traditional knowledge systems of communities. For example, I will give you the example of half-long last month when the very kilometers flood actually occurred in half-long. It is seen that a lot of the aspects that were done on the ground were not consulted properly with the communities. So in that sense we need modern science to actually engage with traditional world views and alternative community and other systems in order to be able to bring together the best of both to be able to mitigate floods, to be able to go forward, to be able to see that how we can actually tackle this in the coming years. Okay, thank you sir. Thank you so much for joining Dr. Mirja. If you like our work, please subscribe to newsclick.in for more. Thanks for watching.


Hello everyone, this is Ernesto Manuel Cantone with ST Micro-Electronics, part of the Mems and Sensors Marketing Team here in the US. One of ST's strategic objectives is to increase the footprint of our sensors in the industrial market and in this presentation we'll discuss ST products and tools to achieve it. Today we are going to talk about smart industry, or as you can find it often referred, industry4.0. The number four refers to a fourth industrial revolution after the first introduction of mechanization of manual work in the 18th century through the use of water and steam power. The second, the emergence of mass production and assembly line using electricity in the 19th century. The third, in the late 90s, early 2000, refers to the adoption of electronics, computers and automation, and the opportunity of using IT to further automate production lines. Industry4.0 refers to the opportunity of using IoT and cloud to automate complex tasks and building smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning. The characteristic of this smart system is the capability to sense data, exchange data between the system parts via some means of communication and process data even in a distributed manner. What really enables Industry4.0 today is the miniaturization of sensors and the widespread availability of microcontrollers and connectivity integrated circuits. You can already find references to Industry5.0 as the cooperation between men and machines, but let's consider that an application enabled by Industry4.0 for now. The smart industry effort unlocks multiple business opportunities, producing more efficiently and in more environmentally friendly manner, responding to demand with more flexibility and with more customization, enabling better use of manufacturing and supply chain data, and overall providing a better and safer human experience. An immediate opportunity we want to address today is to optimize the maintenance of equipment, taking advantage of the data available from the equipment itself. When we talk about equipment, we refer to various assets, rotating equipment and related parts, HVAC systems, elevators and escalators, just to name a few. Maintenance is a set of actions performed by a dedicated professional to keep a machine working properly. One common approach is to schedule a maintenance quarterly, pretty much what we do with the oil change in our cars. It is simple to plan, but maintenance may happen too late or too early and may not have been necessary. A second option is to condition the maintenance to an inspection and monitor of certain parameters. Here also we are tied to a schedule and a professional inspects the asset using bulky and likely expensive tools and needs to analyze the data before taking for directions. Think about our HVAC system check. Sometimes a repair is needed, sometimes not, and there is no guarantee that something could break between two checkpoints. With the availability of affordable sensor nodes systems, the industry for the zero concept comes to life. We can now instrument every asset with the sensors and communications to monitor it continuously. Sensors are there to detect radiation from normal behavior and the system will generate warnings and alarms to promptly schedule an intervention. This approach requires a complex overall system, but offers many benefits. Maximize running time of the equipment and target the maintenance only when needed. Detecting failures at the early stages often results in a smaller and cheaper repairs and lead to longer lifetime expectancy of the asset. Repairs can be more efficient. For example, thanks to the analysis of the data collected, the service technician will arrive on site with the right spare part already preordered. What does a complete architecture for a predictive maintenance application look like? We mentioned the asset in the factory floor and the sensor nodes, and those are connected directly or via gateway to an enterprise cloud, local or remote. This implements a system with distributed computing capabilities, with the opportunity of processing data from the sensor nodes themselves to the local gateway to the cloud itself. In this slide, we define as edge both the smart sensor nodes and the gateways, as both can process data locally addressing latency and privacy concerns. The data can be then stored and analyzed, and the integration with enterprise resource planning, manufacturing execution systems and data warehouse applications allows to close the loop with the physical world and the cyber-physical systems we mentioned earlier, and materialize the business proposition of the smart industry. In our example, this closed loop is represented with scheduling a maintenance call and sending a technician to the factory floor. This is the installation point of a failure curve, plotting a machine condition over time. For a motor-installed factory, when conditions start to change, one of the first symptoms is usually a change in the ultrasound signature. Being able to monitor in that spectrum allows us to spot a change very early, months from the actual failure. The next symptom is vibration, and the availability of dedicated eye bandwidth sensors also leads to predicting a possible failure way before it's time. Power refers to being able to monitor the voltage and current parameters of the motors, and they also can signal abnormal behavior, but only weeks from the failure itself. After this, one can start to hear audible noise and eventually sense increased heat and detect smoke, but probably too late to avoid a serious damage. How can ST technology help? ST Microelectronics is a market leader in MEMS sensors technologies, with more than 17 billion spars shipped as of today. We are expanding our leadership in consumer MEMS to the industrial segment, leveraging our proven manufacturing capabilities with the introduction of the industrial sensors portfolio, all tested to higher standards, extended temperature ranges, and with a sheltering gravity of 10 years guaranteed. You can see here the industrial version of our leading success is IMU, ISM's 3200DHCX, accelerometer gyroscope combo, best in class in regards to power consumption and noise density. This device supports the traditional ST embedded capabilities with smart FIFO up to 9 kilobyte, and the X in the part number denotes the availability of a programmable finite state machine and machine learning core. Unique features that enables local data processing in the sensor ASIC for best possible speed of operation and power consumption on the overall sensor node. We have then the industrial versions of our magnetometer IAS-2MDC and E-Compass ISMs-330DHC and the standalone accelerometers IAS-2DH LPC, allowing lower power consumption while still monitoring an event. Let's focus then on the inertial sensors designed with a specific task in mind. IAS-3DHHC, our first high-precision n-clinometer with low noise and high stability over temperature and time, and IAS-3DWB, the ultra-wide band thermometer that we later discuss in detail. We mentioned the sound and ultrasound, and here we present our MEMS microphones. First, the digital ones, the industrial-grade top port IMP-34DT05 for sound acquisition up to 24 kHz and best-in-class total harmonic distortion. And our latest portfolio addition, the bottom port MP-23DB01HP, best-in-class signal-to-noise ratio at 64 dB and acoustic overload point at 134 dB SPL. For ultrasound detection, we offer MP-23 ABS-1, our analog bottom port microphone capable of acquisition up to 80 kHz. Environmental sensors can also play a role in predictive maintenance, and in this category we have pressure with LPS-22HH, which is dust-resistant fully molded package and LPS-27HHW with a metal lead and gel ceiling to allow water-resistant grading and resiliency versus harsh environment. Both are high-performance and accurate and robust to thermal and external stress. Our temperature sensor offering then is composed of both analog and digital output devices with industry standard packages and features, and of high-precision miniaturized devices like STTS-751 and STTS-22H, the latter with the same 10-year longevity commitments of our industrial grade sensors. If in need of temperature and relative humidity combo, we offer the low power consumption as both sides, it's yes 221. Let's try to match the curve we discussed previously with our sensor technologies. On the X-axis we have the bandwidth and we can position our inertial and acoustic sensors compared to various use cases. Different failure modes have different frequencies signatures. For example, unbalances and misalignments can be identified using a standard accelerometer, the most limited in bandwidth here, but the best in thermal power consumption. Bearings and cavitation failure modes would require the capability of sensing vibration at higher frequencies, and here we cover the case with our IMU or even better with our latest vibration sensor. Issues in gear mesh and bearings are in general creating the highest frequency failure signatures, hence the use of standard and ultrasound microphones. All these time domain signals can be converted to peaks in frequency domains running a fast Fourier transforms on the host microcontroller, and the results can then be transferred with digital wireless communication methods with limited bandwidth. Let's take a mental note on these as we touch back later on the topic. Let's now focus on the newly introduced IISDWB vibration sensor. How does a MEMS vibration sensor compare versus an industry standard piezo solution? Let's try to list the advantages of a MEMS approach in designing a vibration sensor. MEMS will be smaller in size, weight, and in power consumption. The sensor will then have a direct digital output simplifying the interface with digital microcontroller host. Robustness to shock and fast recovery after shock is another pro, and the opportunity of having embedded functionalities is a big plus and everything at a more affordable price. A piezoelectric vibration sensor will still offer an higher bandwidth and lower noise, but at a dramatically higher price point. A thousand and something versus sub ten dollars to give you an idea. And the MEMS vibration sensor approach target is not to replace a piezo one-to-one in their existing use cases, but rather to enable higher volume, lower cost monitoring of industrial machines with high quality sensor data, and possibly using wireless interface. So let's introduce our IIS 3DWB ultra wide bandwidth low noise three-axis digital vibration sensor. The full scale of the sensor is selectable up to an optimal 16g, while most of the motor application will use 4g to 8g. The output data rate is fixed at 26.6 kilohertz, and this enables a wide measurement bandwidth of five kilohertz minimum. SPI interface to the MC host is the recommended communication bus allowing to fully utilize the vibration sensor measurement bandwidth for all three measurement axes. The communication to the host includes two fully programmable interrupt pins and in line with other ST MEMS sensors, the device supports a big three-kilobyte FIFO, programmable filters, temperature sensor, and self-test functions. The noise density of the component is a best in class 75 micro g over square hertz, and it can be further down reduced to 60 in single-axis mode. The current consumption of the sensor is 1.1 milliamp, and while not comparable with the standard accelerometer, it's still suitable for battery powered applications. This is an industrial grade sensor, so it operates at the extended minus 40 to 105 degrees Celsius range. Operating voltage is from 2.1 to 3.6 volt, and the package measures 2.5 by 3 millimeter, with a pinout compatible to our 6-axis IMUs. What are the KPIs for a sensor designed for vibration monitoring? First, wide and flat measurement bandwidth. Check on the flat frequency response with sharp autobend roll-off and noilizing. Low noise levels and finally stable thermal behavior. Let's see how IIS-3WB checks all these boxes. First and foremost, let's take a look at the frequency response of an analog sensor with its evident resident frequency peak. Filtering is required to obtain unusable response, and some of the available devices are single-axis, so when in need of multiple-axis sensing, the bomb needs to be instantiated for each. The direct digital output of the IIS-3WB with no external components is flat and ready to use, and already includes all the three axes. When we look at the frequency response graph of IIS-3WB, we find it flat up to the 6.3 kHz cutoff frequencies at minus 3 dB point. Thanks to this flat response, no calibration, nor additional filtering in the OSM-SU is needed in the final product. Another important part of the frequency response characteristic is how steep it falls after 6.3 kHz, with a slope greater than 90 dB per decade, resulting in an attenuation higher than 70 dB for frequencies above the 26.6 kHz ODR. Last and very important as well, there is an high attenuation of more than 50 dB achieved for high frequency signals folding potentially back inside the signal bandwidth. Let's take a look at the noise density. The IIS-3WB filtering chain consists of four blocks. We have the mechanical sensing element, the analog front end and high speed ADC, the first low pass filter, LTF1, and lastly the optional composite filter which allows additional filtering or digital functions. As a result of the sensor characteristic and the internal digital processing, we are reaching excellent values for the noise densities, 75 micro G per square hertz for X and Y axis in three axis mode of operation. In single axis mode, thanks to a reconfiguration about the internal sampling and filtering operates, the achievable sensor resolution of the active axis significantly improves with the noise density going down to 60 micro G per square hertz. Such noise densities are perfect for the resolutions required in the condition monitoring application the vibration sensor was designed for. The last important key performance indicator of the vibration sensor is its sensitivity drift over temperature. The drift stays within plus and minus 2% tolerance from the ideal linear curve over the full temperature range from minus 40 to plus one of five degrees C. This is a benefit for the condition monitoring application since no additional calibration or sensitivity compensation is required. 0G offset drift, a parameter important for traditional accelerometers application, is not important for a vibration sensor since DC operation is not of interest. Let's take a look at how we can position IIS 3WB versus some of its competitors in terms of performance and price. On the top right we have an high bandwidth low noise single axis analog thermometer with higher performances but at a much higher price point even without considering the more complicated BOM and signal processing required to end the signal. On the bottom left competitor B is offering both the three axis analog and digital devices with medium bandwidth slightly higher than ST IMUs and overall not great noise performances and with a price that reflects the performance. ST positions IIS 3WB at higher performance for its little price premium what we consider as withspot for the application of interest. Our customers can evaluate the IIS 3WB as a standalone sensor with our professional MEMS tool and the Unico GUI available for Windows, macOS and Linux. The evaluation kit available for IIS 3WB is composed by a standard D24 interposer connected to the board hosting the sensor with a flex cable allowing optimal placing of the sensor itself as close as possible to the vibration source. Alternatively the vibrometer is part of the recently launched STWIN sensor style wireless industrial node as part of a complete system. Let's dig into the STWIN characteristics and discuss its applications in the next slides. Here's a first snapshot of the kit. It includes a combination of industrial sensors for vibration analysis, sound emissions up to 80 kHz and environmental monitoring. The system MCU is an STM32 L4 Plus and the out-of-the-box connectivity is Bluetooth low energy. An optional Wi-Fi module is also available. The kit includes also an ST-Link V3 Mini to program interface with and debug the application. A plastic case with mounting holes and a rechargeable 480 mAh LiPo battery. Looking at the core system boards we can quickly identify the main MCU, the various sensors and the expansion sockets including STMod Plus for connectivity modules already available in ST ecosystem. On the bottom of the board there is a slot for a micro SD card for local storage of sensor data in not connected application. Looking at the block diagram the STWIN is centered around STM32 L4 R9, ultra low power ARM Cortex-M4 clocked at 120 MHz, sporting 2 MB of flash and 640 KB of RAM. It's powered by STDC to DC battery charging and LDO devices and all the expansion sockets and connectors are protected by ST-ASD protections guaranteeing the design robustness. Soldered on the board as a standard wireless communication there is STBTLE-1S Bluetooth low energy for the tube module and NRS485 transceiver is available for wired industrial applications. There is a footprint also for the STSAVE A110 secure element to securely store credentials of the connected product and offload cryptographic services of the main MCU. From the sensor's perspective one can find your IIS3DWB vibration sensor, ISM330DHCX 6-axis IMU with machine learning core, the standalone lower power lower bandwidth accelerometer IIS2DH and the 3-axis magnetometer IIS2MDC. Several environmental sensors are also present and include temperature with STTS751, humidity with HTS221, atmospheric pressure with LPS22HH and the two MEMS microphones, MP23-ABS1 with analog output and ultrasound capability, IMP34DT05A with digital EDM interface output. From the firmware standpoint there are multiple options that we'll discuss in the next slides. Focusing on the sensors you can see that all the part numbers we discussed previously are all available here in a convenient sensor node systems. This enables the user to experiment with a combination of sensors and understand which ones are matching best the needs of his end application. In this diagram you can conveniently locate all the sensors and the connectivity module in the core system board. The schematics and layouts are available on ST.com so that ST-WIN can be used as a starting point in designing a custom device. Two expansion modules are also available on ST.com. First and foremost, a Wi-Fi module board to enable cloud-connected application supporting a pre-certified InVentec module supporting 802.11 BGN 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi connectivity. Second, a microphone array with four analog microphones to enable application with advanced audio algorithms. Let's discuss the available firmware packages. ST Software ST-WIN Kit 1 supports multiple examples exercising basic functionality on the ST-WIN. We'd like to bring your attention to the iSpeed Datalog application that enables simultaneous data collecting from all the sensors at IODR via USB or recording on SD card. This is key to interface ST-WIN with the standard sensors development tools and take full advantage of the machine learning core capability available in the ISM-300DHCX. You can find dedicated training material on machine learning core on ST6SASISIMUSE on ST.com. Today's focus is Predictive Maintenance and the Function Pack Industrial Predictive Maintenance 1 is the optimal starting point to prototype an end-to-end application. Like all ST's Function Packs, it's built on STM32Q that includes an hardware abstraction layer and middleware to support the various functions including dedicated algorithms for advanced time and frequency domain signal processing and analysis of IIS-WB up to five kilohertz. The package includes also pressure, relative humidity and temperature sensor monitoring and audio algorithms for acoustic emission up to 20 kilohertz and ultrasound emission analysis up to 80 kilohertz. The out-of-the-box experience of ST-WIN is this Function Pack in its BLE version while the full capability of an end-to-end application including a cloud part is enabled with the Wi-Fi version for which the Wi-Fi expansion kit is required. Let's take a look at the experience enabled by ST-WIN and the ST-BLE sensor app available on Google Play and iOS App Store. If not already programmed with this application, the ST-WIN can be easily programmed connecting the provided ST-Link with 3Mini and dragging the pre-compiled binary in the Function Pack package in the target flash exposes mass storage via USB. Alternatively, STM32Q programmer can be used and the firmware is available in source code as project for IAR, Kyle and STM32Q IDE. Once programmed and supplied via USB or with the provided battery, the ST-WIN will advertise and can be connected to the ST-BLE sensor app selecting it from the list. Once connected successfully, the first screen on the ST-BLE sensor app shows the real-time environmental sensor data values. In the second screen it is possible to configure and to display the FFT charts from the vibration measurements. A sub-menu is available to change the parameters of the FFT engine, in particular the vibration sensor configuration, number of FFT samples, etc. The next screen in the iPhone app is called plot data and it is designed to display the raw sensor data upon selection in a time graph. Finally, in the predicted maintenance screen, it's possible to check the real-time status of the RMS speed and peak amplitude acceleration of any of the three vibration sensor axes. This functionality is also available for the frequency domain through preconfigured thresholds at particular frequencies. Thresholds are predefined for good warning and alarm status via project source code adder file and modifiable by the user. The most interesting use of ST-WIN involves a cloud application hosted by ST and powered by AWS services. One, we need the Wi-Fi expansion board for direct connectivity rest between to the AWS IoT core service with the function pack industrial predictive maintenance one. ST allows any user logged with these myST.com credentials to connect up to five sensor nodes seamlessly and use them for up to six months. The data collected by the sensors are accessible to the user only and available to download for further analysis. This is a sandbox for our customers to play, free of charge and rapidly build a proof of concept with the ST development kits. Today we'll discuss how to connect ST-WIN but the dashboard is also compatible with IO-Link sensor nodes connected via an AWS IoT Greengrass Gateway built with the STM32 MP1 as explained in details in the solution for the team maintenance edge to cloud on ST.com. The data streamed from the sensor node to the cloud are humidity and temperature from HTS221, pressure from LPS22HH, vibration from the IIS3DWB, ultrasound emission from MP23 ABS1. Both eye bandwidth signals are pre-processed on the STM32 with a local FST before being sent to the cloud. Rather than explaining all the functions let me walk you through a live demo of the dashboard for which I have my ST-WIN programmed with the Wi-Fi application of a function pack industrial predictive maintenance one. The ST-WIN is then directly connected via USB to an USB port on my PC. Okay first thing let's see how to program the correct firmware in the sensor tile.box. I'm on the function pack predictive maintenance one folder let's go through projects ST-WIN demonstration Wi-Fi application AWS on the binary and let's drag and drop the binary into the ST-Link B3 that will program the flash of the target the ST-WIN STM32L4+. Okay we're done here I'll disconnect from the laptop the ST-Link and verify that I can connect to the board via terminal. Let's select the serial COM port 12 and wait for the board to reboot. There you go so once on the dashboard let's configure a new device. We already have one device created here in my instance of the dashboard and as you see it will expire in six months from now. So let's configure a new device and you can augment the device characteristic also with the information like a location portland in my case and with the latitude and longitude of the location. I'll show you why is that helpful and I create my object. Once I create the object the dashboard will provide a zip file containing certificate material that uniquely identified the ST-WIN node in these AWS systems. I will download this file and I can download this file only once upon creation and I will also copy the IoT endpoint which is the URL that the device is going to connect to. So let's close this. I have a text file in which I'm going to paste the URL I just noted and you can notice here the name of the device and I created a folder in which I'm going to copy all these certificate material. Okay so let's go back to the to the terminal. I'll insert here the wi-fi parameter. The device is connecting. The first thing that the device is going to ask is the URL for the endpoint. I'm going to cut and paste the endpoint and the device name. Second thing the program is going to ask me for the identity of the device. The identity is formed by three components the root certificate. So a certificate common to all the device and issued by a certificate authority. I'm going to paste it here. Then it's going to ask me and press enter. It's going to ask me for to the device certificate. A device that is unique to the to this particular node. I cut and paste and paste the device certificate and the private key that is used to sign during a TLS handshake and should never leave the sensor node in discussion. There you go. Once given all these parameters the device has an identity and will start to connect to the AWS cloud. Here's the connection happening and the first handshake with AWS and then I'm starting to send data and as you see the board is now online. Now if I go on the dashboard I can start monitoring immediately the data coming out of the board and I can also add the other reference board that I already had connected previously. You can see here the data coming live from the two boards one in Portland just created the other one as we would see in Boston. Data from the environmental sensor pressure humidity temperature peak data from the vibration analysis the rms speed the board is stationary now so that's why you see all zeros and the FFT transform of both the vibration analysis and of the ultrasound emission picked up from the analog microphone. If I go on the sensor map you will see that the previous board was provisioned in Boston in one of my colleagues house and now the sensor in Portland that we just provisioned is also online. You will notice that there is a status here warning I have no status yet for the Portland node I can and this is where the status come from it's basically a conditioned monitor over a certain parameter to set that on my new device I will go on the properties and I'll select for example temperature and select a normal range let's say 0 to 25 a warning range let's say 0 to 35 and an alert range 0 to 40 I'm saving and now if I go on the same asset conditioning monitor you will see that my ST wind just newly connected is also expressing a conditioned monitor value so I'm monitoring the temperature temperature here is 26 so I'm on warning state and if I go on the map now both devices in both locations I can see are in warning states. One function that is really powerful and that's the reason why I created an extra device earlier is the the data lake function I'm able to download all the data that historically has been sent to the dashboard I can select all the six months and I can select all the data and the data is available the day after that was streamed and that's why the device that I just created data is not available for download but I'm downloading the data from the device that was already created previously in Boston it will be outputted as a zip file and as you see there's no new board there's only the the older device with 0.5 21 I can check for example the environmental I can check today's date so this week and the output is a json file so it's basically is a text file indexed that can be used in an imported for example in excel and can be used for data analysis and to get inside out of the data themselves so in conclusion we showed how to connect devices to this sandbox environment how to stream data out of these devices store them in the data lake and download them to your computer for later analysis the st dashboard is a sandbox environment as mentioned previously and while the user owns the data she or he can't connect the stwin to its own aws account if a developer would like to build an aws application from code using free artist and its middleware I'd like to highlight that stwin is a free artist certified and listed in the aws device catalog and supports wi-fi integration and aws over the air update scheme the code is available upon being white listed and the request is available from the aws device catalog itself if the user chooses to use azure as cloud provider we support that with the stwin through the function pack cloud azure one the firmware supports microsoft azure iot central in a nutshell a set of pre-defined cloud applications that developers can use to jump start their development a user with a microsoft azure account can create an instance of a given application in his own account and start the cloud development from there as he created an iot plug and play capability model for stwin to be imported in a custom application here's a snapshot of the application that can be created in your own microsoft azure account and the dashboard visualization part you'll appreciate that this is not a sandbox environment nor an application built from scratch from services but rather an application running on a private account in a matter of minutes also in this case let me walk you through a live demo of the functionalities of the stwin running function pack cloud azure one connected to microsoft azure iot central in this case the stwin needs to be connected via the provided stlink to the ost pc via usb let's start with a clean browser i will paste the the iot central application and as you'll notice that i am logged in here as myself on the microsoft azure cloud and i'm about to instantiate the application on my own account i can choose between three placing plan i will go with the free one and the only thing i'm asked for is a phone number to be able to just and to basically confirm my identity so i'll confirm and create and the application is provisioned once provisioned i'm presented with this uh dashboard i can go to devices and create a new stwin device so new it's a not simulated device an actual device so let's create it and now it's created and i'm going to its property next thing we need to do we need to connect it and get an identification to uniquely identify the device in the azure cloud and here i have the id scope device id and the primary key that we use to provision i am connected via stlink to the usb on my pc so let's reset the board like we did earlier so we want to change the parameters so let's enter the ssd the password and the security type now the scope id i will not automatically configure manually and roll the device i will copy the device id and the primary key and that's all i need to identify the device in azure so the device is initializing and start to sending data up to the azure cloud and one when i'm going here i can check on the board status you'll see that the board is coming online it's coming online with the device model the firmware setting manufacturer etc on very powerful thing that i can do from this dashboard is to configure the sensors let's take a look for example here at the accelerometer on the six axis i'm showing here a 2g full scale if i go on commands i can change the full scale of the accelerometer for example to 8g let's run the command and going back to the board status you end the refreshing you will see that now the device is configured for an 8g full scale i have another tab here on telemetry where i can see the data streamed from the device i have the magnetometer gyroscope accelerometer and environmental sensor very powerful tool thanks to the function pack azure cloud i instantiated the cloud application on my own account and i'm now streaming data to an account so this can be a nice starting point for today's presentation we'd like to wrap up i like how ST is offering a complete ecosystem for developers to jump start their design ST has all the building blocks to build an IoT device like IAS 3DW for vibration monitoring in today's discussion and to lower the barrier to get started we provide development kits like the sensor tile wireless industrial node STWIN that thanks to pre-integrated software allow the user to target a specific vertical application smart industry in our case with function pack industrial predictive maintenance one thank you for your time today and for further information please visit www.st.com and look for solutions for smart industry or STWIN


I've never really encountered a problem where I turn on my tap and clean water doesn't come out. I think being able to work on these projects and understand that so many people lack consistent access to clean drinking water. And so it's important to me because I mean clean drinking water is important to life. Meet Rahul, Heidi and Jack. They've dedicated their time and efforts towards projects that better the lives of others. Engineers of Borders is an opportunity for students here at Cal to apply what they learn in their education and really take that and use it toward community driven projects. While most students use their vacations to relax and unwind, students of Engineers of Borders use every school break to travel and provide clean water solutions to underserved communities. I've gone down to Peru twice to work on the projects and you know we come in preparing so much for the entire semester, it seems like we have everything worked out, all the kinks have been figured out and then you know once we get down there nothing works and you have to kind of think on your feet and really work from square one. But in the end once you've kind of figured out how the community works better you can really make something great out of the project and you know the moments of the end whether it be seeing one of the kids at the schools where we built a rain water catchment system, drinking the water down there with a smile or seeing our filtration systems completely built, those moments at the end are just completely worth all the work that we put in. Berkeley's Engineers of Thought Borders is not just for engineers but for students of all academic backgrounds. I've been able to meet a whole lot of other engineering majors besides just chemical engineering. You know in our chapter alone we have bio-ease, chemical engineers, electrical engineers and even non-engineering majors too. We have social science majors and they're just as valuable as the engineering majors in our group. It's one thing to sit in the classroom and learn but it's something far greater to go out in the field and apply that knowledge. I guess as an undergrad you don't get to see your you know your drawings and your problem sets be real but going to Peru like it was real and it was making a difference in these people's lives and I really wanted to meet the people I was like working for and helping and so that's why I wanted to go and that was the best part about it. I realized like this this is what I want to do you know I want to make a difference in these people's lives and like I do this through engineering and through using my education to bring these like basic necessities that you know we take for granted and bring them to them and yeah so it was probably like the best thing that I did in my undergrad experience. CalTV would like to wish engineers without borders all the very best in their future endeavors. Reporting for CalTV this is Raji Romanathan. You know we be rocks and we're super legit.


Personal finance practice problem using OneNote. Tax equivalent yield calculation. Prepare to get financially fit by practicing personal finance. You're not required to, but if you have access to OneNote, would like to follow along. We're in the icon on the left-hand side. Practice problems tab in the 11030 tax equivalent yield tab. Also take a look at the immersive reader tool, the practice problems typically in the text area too with the same name, same number, but with transcripts. Transcripts that can be translated into multiple languages, either listened to or read in them. Taxes have a huge impact on our investment decisions because clearly when we invest, we want that money working for us. We want our investments to be growing. We want the money to be earning revenue and in an income tax system as we have in the United States anytime revenue is earned. We've got to think about what are the tax consequences of that. At first glance, we might say, well, if I'm investing anything I'm investing in, I want it to be growing and earning revenue. If revenues are the same across the board, maybe it will not have a big impact on my decision-making process. However, the revenue is not the same across the board. So for example, we might have different rates for things like capital gains revenue versus ordinary income revenue for example. And when we're thinking of investing in something like bonds, for example, we could have investments in say municipal bonds, which don't have the same tax consequences as other types of bonds like corporate bonds. So now we've got to think, well, if I'm trying to invest in these different kinds of investments, for example, these different kinds of bonds, I would like to look at it from apples to apples or same thing to same thing perspective. How much return would I need for a corporate stock to have an equivalent return as I would have on say bonds that are not subject to taxes? Now also note that you would think that this kind of calculation might come out to the same result for all taxpayers, but that's not gonna be the case either because we know that we have a progressive tax system. So more wealthy individuals are gonna be taxed at a higher marginal tax rate. And therefore the tax incentives of tax-free investments, such as municipal bonds, for example, is gonna be more attractive to them. It's gonna be make more sense for them. Lower income individuals, then it might not have as much of an impact because your taxes aren't gonna be as high. And we'll talk more about that in future presentations. So given that we've got the marginal tax rate, we're gonna assume here is at the 30%, the municipal bond yield is at the 5%. So we've got the yield or return at the 5%. The question is, well, normally if I can invest in a municipal bond or somewhere else, the somewhere else, which is subject to tax, is gonna have a higher rate of return because it has to because otherwise people would invest in basically the municipal bonds. The question would be then for me at this 30% tax bracket, how high would the like a corporate bond, for example, have to give a return to match the yield here on the municipal bond where I have a tax benefit. So calculation for that here is the tax equivalent yield formula. That's the tax-free bond yield, which is the 5% divided by one minus the tax rate. We're using the 30% here, noting that this tax rate also is the marginal tax rate, the highest tax rate. And when you look at the taxes, we have multiple tax rates that are gonna be assigned that we're gonna be paying taxes on because we have a progressive tax system. We could think of the rate as being an average rate, like the average that we pay, but when we make decisions at this point in time, we're making them on the margin as economists say, therefore we're gonna take the highest tax rate at that point. So then if we do this calculation, we're gonna say the tax-free bond yield is the 5%, and then I'm gonna, notice I'm breaking this formula out into a table. I think this is really good practice to do, and it also helps you to put together kind of worksheets that could be useful within your practice for multiple different kind of reasons, helping someone to kind of put something together and just do a data input type of format for it. You can also set this up in Excel so that you have your data up here on the left and set up your worksheets so that you can see transparently what is happening in the formula. So here I took the tax-free bond yield, which is the 5%, which is the numerator, and then on the denominator, I'm gonna put this in my table with one minus the tax rate, saying what I'm gonna do, I'm gonna pull that to the inside. I'm just gonna take one minus the tax rate, the top rate at 30%, that's gonna give us 70, 100%, minus 30%, 70%. And then we're gonna say that we've got the numerator and the denominator now so we can divide them out and get the 7.14. So in other words, we're taking the 0.05 divided by the 0.7, which is the 7.14, if I move the decimal two places to the right. So what does that mean? That means if I can invest in the municipal bonds and get a 5% yield and then I can invest in another bond where I don't have the tax benefit of it, I would have, they would have to have a return of at least the floor being 7.14 to compensate for the tax benefit. Let's double check that and see if that makes sense. So let's do our check figure, where we're gonna say that the earnings before taxes, if I had a $1,000 investment, which just assumed a $1,000 bond and I had the tax equivalent yield of the 7.14, this is estimated because it's in Excel. So it could be a little bit rounded to two decimals. That'll give us the 71.43 earnings. So we would say 1,000 times the 0.0714, 71.43, it's rounded again to 7.14. So it's a little bit different. And then the marginal tax rate times the 30%, meaning I'm gonna have to pay 30% of that 71 at my highest tax bracket, not my marginal bracket because I made this on the margin at the next decision point. So that means I'm gonna take that times the 0.3, we're gonna be paying 21.43, 42 about. So that means of the 71.43, I'm paying 21.43 to the government. That means that we really only got $50 in earnings, $50 in earnings. If I compare that $50 earnings to the 1,000 I invested, divided by 1,000, we're gonna get the 5%, which is the tax equivalent yield, which wouldn't have the tax consequences. In other words, if I calculated the same 1,000 and I didn't get any subject to taxes and they gave me a 5% return times 0.05, I would get $50, right? $50, which is the same I got here after I paid the taxes. So you can kind of work this out for yourself and be able to understand it. Thusly, I think oftentimes when we think about it in terms of just percentages, it can seem somewhat abstract. If you just apply out an investment and work through the problem and say, okay, yeah, I see that makes sense. Now, of course, you can go the other way as well. We can resolve for this and say, well, what if I have the tax-free bonds yield? What would then be the tax equivalent yield? So then you could solve for the tax-free bond yield in your formula, use your algebra, and I'm gonna do it down here in a table format. So if I knew the tax equivalent yield was the 7.14, how can we get back using our algebra back to the 5%? So we would take the one minus the marginal tax rate. So there's the one minus the 30%. That gives us our 70% again. And so that's gonna give us the 5% bottom line. And that would be the 0.0714 times 0.70%. And if I move the decimal over, it's about, again, there's rounding because it's in Excel, but it's about that 5%. So you could go that way as well. You could say, okay, well, if I had the tax equivalent yield, like the corporate bond that I have to pay taxes on, what would be the tax equivalent for if I didn't have to pay any taxes for the yield for a municipal bond, for example, in order for that to break even the 5% about? All right, so now we can see that at the 30%. The next time we'll take a look at it and we'll say, well, let's take a look at the range of tax rates because we have a progressive tax system and see the impact as the tax rates go up. And again, the higher your tax bracket is, the more beneficial to have a bond that's not subject to taxes.  So we'll see that in the following presentation.


Going on everyone Sam here with late sports car driven 23 pinning Phoenix football hobby 4 box break number 6 pick your team style names and teams Let me get them organized hold on everybody Stand by stand by stand by Anthony P Vikings Ben F Broncos Ben S patriots Billy W. Chargers Charlie P Packers Chris D. Bills Clara B Bengals Commanders and giants Clayton B with the Falcons Daniel L Raiders Frank S Jags Jeff L Niners John A Steelers Jonathan H Eagles Jonathan M Titans Josh T Cowboys Josh W Browns Kevin B. Dolphins Kyle East Seahawks Logan H Ravens Michael T Panthers Michael B Jets Nicholas U Saints Peter B Lions Peter K Rams Ricky S Texans and Colts Bobby R Bears Scott T Bucks Sean H Cardinals and Ty G Cheats, so good luck here everybody Let's get into it Let's get into it DJ Johnson Diane Henley to 175 on the lava for the Chargers Jalen Hertz playing with fire Patrick Tillman Aaron Donald Pink for the Rams to 175 to attack a by Lowe Bennett to 199 at Tink Dell rookie Jersey Card nice one there to the Texans That's Houston Red Gino at Smith to 199 and a Eli Manning Fireforged for the Giants There's Davis blue Kenneth Walker to 35 for the Seahawks Zay flowers rookie as well Silver is Aaron Jones Pink Miles Murphy to 199 for the Bengals and a Derek R JSN rookie that is a color burst of Travis Kelsey Not numbered Fire nice AJ Brown to 150 or not fire nice. That's a lava. Excuse me and Tyree Wilson lava AJ Brown lava AJ Brown Keon White Josh Downs to 299 rookie Jersey auto going to the Colts Congrats Indy very nice very nice and J Jettos, thank you mr. Mark picking up the Broncos and seven and ten Seven and ten down to ten to go or no eleven to go on the next one everybody silver and an hooker Purple Josh Downs to 99 and juju Playing with fire Jalen Hertz silver Jared Goff to now 50 actually on the flamethrowers and JSN rookie Ribbons $9.00. I would buy them before you would have a chance to Brandon I would break the rule and buy them. They were $9.00 JSN Nick Bosa on the silver auto not numbered for the Niners Congrats Niners Chang with a spot today Mike Evans as well Silver up Brandon.  Wow chase Brown red CD lamb to 1.99 and Kirk cousins, I don't I don't get what happened with the Falcons like job like I don't Like you'd think that they would be gung-ho at a higher Bella check, but he must have wanted like too much power One two three four five six seven no eight to go in the next one eight to go The next break. Yeah, it's kind of insane actually Vaughn No, I can't believe rabels not getting another job You would have thought I mean minus the like if it knows like take drawn mail out of the equation You have to imagine that you would have been the shoe in for Probably loved him. Yeah, I mean you guys would have loved him there Color burst of Christian Kirk Jags Green Jalen Carter rookie to 25 Congrats on that one and Lamar that that's what it had to have been. They didn't want to get rid of their GM and everything Oh gold vinyl Gold vinyl good luck Nixon Jordan Addison rookie Luke schoonmaker one of one NFL Shields RPA Congrats Cowboys That's gross, man That is nasty. Let's go Congrats Dallas Going to Josh he go Josh good stuff Josh one of one Gold vinyl that's so so sick man Tyler lock it will get that of course straight into a mag for you Her shield of the day everybody Silver Isaiah Foskey pink Lamar to 175 Nick Bosa Yeah, she'll literally out of nowhere. That was dope man. That was dope The Phoenix gold vinyls look so good, man Jameer Gibbs that is a purple of the Sean Watson 125 and Brock Purdy flame doors Literally out of nowhere Blaba Najee Harris to 175 and a Bryce young fired up like a Wilson red Danny Times To The Giants and CMC Chuck Trey Tucker JSN 150 fire fabrics for the Seahawks That's Seattle red Tay Adams to 199 and JSN on the rookie rider Thunderbird Silver of Zay that is a Jason Kelsey Super Bowl auto Congrats Philly. Hell yeah, man That's sick, I'm glad they put him in that's actually really cool. That's really freaking cool man. Congrats Philly and silver Tyree kill Silver Traylon Berks Yeah, exactly honestly though Travis purple to 99 is awesome Echler I mean I get the idea that everybody wants like the new young Offensive genius like that look at all the huck hires in the last five three years since make since McVeigh McVeigh started that and then everybody else has been trying to find the next McVeigh Marvin Mims my home's orange to 99 and a silver hot routes of CD land DJ Turner, Kyler Murray to 125 and AJ Brown Thunderbirds Silver J Jettos red Garrett Williams to what one fifth or 199 and Nick Scheller Yeah, it's just wild to me dude Rory with the Raiders in seven. Thank you, buddy down to One two three four five six seven to go on seven seven on seven everybody on Phoenix number seven seven on seven Again at or over halfway on every single Phoenix break tonight. Thank you all appreciate that very much Appreciate that very very much. The big boys. I typically don't fit with a sleeve in on that great. No, they don't Yeah, you're good to just right in Jaren Hall Joey Porter, Jr. To what 175? And drink London. I'll see it. Let's see a jet about Quentin Johnson That is an AJ Brown to one at 75 Aaron Jones Matt Jude on on the color burst Red Miles Garrett to one ninety nine and you marry Gibbs rookie rising Very nice. Love it. I'm gonna go silver Mario Cooper Lucas Van Ness purple to what 125 and Bass they've got a decent amount action. They got Tyjay Spears. I mean obviously levis doesn't sign So you're basically just chasing levis collar On his base that is Mike Evans on the red to two ninety nine and Silva Russell Wilson and Ray Miller. That is a Chris Olave teal to what 125 and a playing with fire Josh Jacobs Yeah, Joe's Mike is on. He's not talking. He's dialed in right now. Oh, I am so in the zone right now guys to 50 is Tank Bigsby JK all day JK all day Dobbins Jalen Carter Sam La Porta to 125 on the jumbo or rookie Jersey for the Lions that is the red variation as well red variation that is a blue the Mar to 25 Yes, it is and silver each Asian Pearson Silver Isaiah Pacheco. I was a Bryce young rookie. I went by as well Then silver Isaiah Pacheco and Adam Thielen on the season pass auto for the Vikings very cool from 22 and a juju Mike Evans Desmond Ritter 4 of 10 on the three-colored patch auto congrats Atlanta one of the final teams taken Congrats Falcons and at B. John Slava Zach Pickens. That is a Devonte Smith to what 125 and base Also valid shady also valid Silver Brock Purdy. I'm on Ross St. Brown on the hot routes to 35 It's tough with them Devonte Adams because they took a lineman in the first round So that already eliminates your first round or being in virtually anything and then They didn't make a ton of levits. It's an insert for whatever reason. I don't know why they did that Stupid Jalen Hyatt red Aaron Rodgers for the Jets to 199. There you go, Michael B and a fired up of Dmyr Gibbs Jamiro Gibbs Cameron Latu. Yeah, I got Diaby on the Teal to 150 and Justin Herbert Will Levits rookie there you go Marvin Mims to 125 on the rookie jumbo Jersey You Hanukkah picking up the Cowboys and 21 Stefan Diggs to 175 and Fields J Fields Yeah, honestly though SD silver Devonte Smith Derek Carr 8 to 25 on the pink auto that'll be going to the Saints Congrats New Orleans Nice one there at Nola And Cole come at teams on sale for the next one as well everybody. Let's go fill them up teams on sale for the next one Roshan Johnson, Silverneck Chubb That is a orange Matt Judon to at 75 And base Jordan battle orange mirror Gibbs for the Lions to at 99 and base They'll be the same for me. There you go, Shady Got base base for Zack Sharpen a red to 250 rookie for the Seahawks and a Jalen Carter rookie The Thunderbirds that one. No, they had that one Mirgibs rookie Thunderbirds Silver is a flowers rookie. That is a blue Jake Hainer to at 35 and a Joe Burrow base Ryan Branch Ramon Dre Stevenson color burst Is a lava of Siaka or Siaki Ika to 175 and Jay Fields Very nice Schuster base schoonmaker to 25 going for like the entire shoemaker rainbow. It's a different one, but Very nice one there. Congrats on the green RPA for the Cowboys and Fire Forge of Nukuah Hashtag Orioles magical stop Luca by our young silver of Tyree Wilson Ramon Dre Stevenson pink to 175 and CD lamb and then last Boxers Tanked out. That is a silver Justin Fields teal TJ Hawkinson to 150 and a base TJ Hawkinson I do a quick recap here. Everybody start with our numbered stuff. We've got 99 Jamiro Gibbs Homes that is to still 99 Austin Eckler Josh Jacobs Matt Judon to 75 Jared Goff Monro St. Brown to 35 is a Jake Hainer kind of Walker to 25 Jalen Carter and Lamar Jackson Real good tennis. What's up pancakes? Real good tennis last night. Oh boy Not yet 617 not yet. I got Adam Thielen Jason Kelsey Nick Bosa Josh Downs Derek Carr Luke schoonmaker to 25 Dezenruder to 10 and then a one-of-one Gold vinyl RPA NFL shield of Luke schoonmaker Chokovitch was no good Kyle that'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the film number seven up next


Lee says, we had this request in from a customer. Any ideas on how to achieve this? They want to create a Microsoft 365 calendar that allows for room bookings to be made with a number of options incorporated into the bookings, such as the ability to choose whether food is required, breakfast or lunch, et cetera. When the booking is made, the food request is stored in the calendar entry and also sent to a specific person to arrange the food. Any ideas if that is possible? Yes, there are custom questions that you can add to any of your services. So any of your booking pages, your services, you can set up questions that they have to answer and make them required. And then that becomes part of the email that goes to confirm. The only piece I don't know about is if there's a, like if you can't route it based on the answers, it goes to the same person no matter what. And you can set up a PowerShell to say if there's a new entry in the calendar that it will go forwarded to another person, but not, you know, if it's breakfast, go to Susie, if it's lunch, go to Bob, you can't do that. So yeah, I would create services with a custom questions. And I left a link special for you. Yeah, there are, I know we, almost every time we record the series of answer a bunch of questions with this small team, almost every time there's a calendaring question that's in there. Every time. Yeah. You might think it's a common issue. Hmm.  And so you could then create some automations around that if people answer a certain way that it sent a notification to an individual. So, you know, but that, then the problem is then that calendar view of a list is disconnected from an actual calendar. Right, it's not the same. The bookies calendar is not the same as like a personal calendar. And I don't know the integrations. I'm gonna have to investigate what integrations they have with bookings, because I know certain applications in Microsoft 365, those, you know, actions or connectors that they have are very robust. And like forms, there's a lot, but other ones, not so much. So I'm wondering if I have to look into that.


The speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty high, oh, silver, the lone ranger. Throughout the western United States, the career of the mysterious phantom figure of the planes has been told and retold until the present day. He did more than any other individual to bring law and order to the lawless frontier. With his great horse, Silver, and his faithful Indian companion, Tonto, he roamed the west, fighting crime wherever he found it. And now, the thundering hoops of Silver return us to those days of danger and adventure. The lone ranger rides again. The lone ranger rode by on Silver. He said there was trouble on the trail ahead. Nearly 12 miles from the town of Cranston, two men, hidden in a gully, watched the approach of a horseman. The older of the two, Ed Scott, was in his 40s with features that bore the marks of his years of crime. The younger Lefty Cullen was under 30, but his mouth was thin and cruel. The stock of the rifle he held to his shoulder revealed notches representing a dozen killings. They stared at the nearing rider until he came within range, and then... I reckon we got him all right, Lefty. Looks like it, Ed. We sure knocked him out of his saddle anyhow. Pretty good shooting, I calls it, for that distance. Yeah. He'll get in our horses to make sure he's done for it. He is hoping he's got them papers on him. He'll have them. He told me when I was in jail with him over to town that the sheriff was holding them for him. He aimed to get him just as soon as his term was up. Steady there, Paine. Gosh, Ed, I can't savvy a fella like him. Here he's owned the lazy wife's bread in Texas ever since he was a young fella. He's never claimed it. Come on, get up here!   He sure he claimed it. He only stayed there long enough to put his wife and kid on the place, then lit out. You're sure his wife is dead? You're blame right I am. So's the lawyer that handled the spread when his uncle left it to him. I never heard of a sweeter setup. Right there in paper, there's nobody can prove I ain't Jim Bear. I'm sure hoping that girl he has ain't hitched up yet. If she is, we'll sell the ranch and split what we get two ways. That won't be so bad either. From what I've heard, the lazy wife's a mighty big outfit. Here, there he is. He's done for all right. Now to get them papers. What's that in his pocket? Ain't that them? Just a second. Paper sure enough. I don't know whether they're the ones we want or not. Let me look at them. Here. Yep, these are them all right. Good enough. Come on, let's get going. It wouldn't do to have anybody find us here. What about Bear? Leave him be. Nobody know who he is. Regardless, he had to identify himself. How about the sheriff had jailed him? Sure, he never told nobody but me his real name. He told the sheriff his name was Simmons. Come on, we gotta hurry. Just as you say. We're heading for Texas and we ain't wasting no time.   We see the lone ranger and his faithful Indian companion, Tonto, riding toward the town of Cranston. It is three days later, and the burning afternoon sun sends up waves of heat from the dry earth. I hope we reach town soon, Tonto. Our canteens are empty. We'll fill them and buy them all provisions. Look. What is it, Kimosabe? Look, head. There's something on the ground. Man there. Yes, we'll find out what's happened. Come on, silver. White fellow. Looks has always been shot. I think he's dead. Come on, silver. Him not moved. Oh, silver. Oh, silver. Oh, white fellow. Oh, poor fellow. He was murdered without being given a chance to defend himself. Why? Why you say that? See, he was killed by bullets from a rifle. Someone shot him from long range. Who he is. Tonto not known. We'll see if he has any identification on him. There should be something to tell his name. Ah. There's nothing in his pockets, though. That's strange. Wait. You see something, Tonto? Huh? There are paper. Yes. I have it. It was beneath him. Probably fell from his pocket when he was shot or... No, Tonto. This didn't fall from his pocket. What do you mean? Tonto, he placed that paper there on purpose. Huh? I think I know what happened now. What? That? You remember that I said he was shot from long range? Yeah. He didn't die immediately. He must have written this in the last few moments of his life, hoping his killers wouldn't discover it. What did he say? He was shot by Ed Scott and Lefty Cullen. Then plenty bad filler. Yes. I've heard of them, but I've never seen them. Tonto not seen. He must have died before the note was finished. He named the killers and started to write something else, but the sentence isn't completed. What him write? The lazy why. He has that much written, but no more. I wonder what it was he wanted to say about the lazy why. Tonto know that place? Yes, I remember it too. It's a big rhymes in the northern part of Texas. Isn't that right? Wait, Tonto. This note tells us more than I thought at first. Oh, that's good. He didn't live to sign this, but it's on the back of a letter he'd already written. The handwriting is the same on both sides, and the letter is signed Jim Bayer. What letter say? There's nothing there to help us, Kimosabe. This is the last sheet, and it contains only a few words besides the signature. How long would you say Bayer had been dead, Tonto? Maybe two, three days. Which means that the killers have had two or three days to get out of the country. I wonder why the body wasn't discovered before. This trail not used much. That must be it. What we do now? First we'll give this man a decent burial and inform the authorities of his death. Then we'll try to find his murderers. That'd be plenty hard. Yes, we don't know where they are and we don't know what they look like. That's right. But we have three clues. The names of the killers, the name of the dead man, and the lazy whey. Then maybe help. This note alone wouldn't convict anybody, but we're going to the lazy whey and see what we can learn there. That's plenty long way. It's many miles from here, and it may lead us on a false trail, but we're going there, Kimosabe, and the members of this man to justice. With the papers they had stolen from Bayer, Ed Scott and Lefty Cullen lost no time getting to Butler City, near the lazy whey ranch. There the two men carefully investigated the situation before Scott announced himself as the owner of the ranch. We see them two days after their arrival in the living room of the ranch house. Also present are Catherine Bayer, the daughter of the murdered man, Bill Landis, the young sheriff of the county, and Tim Brady, foreman of the lazy whey for many years. Ed Scott is speaking. Well, you've all seen my papers. I reckon there ain't no doubt in anybody's mind but when I'm the rightful owner of this outfit. But you've got to say, Sheriff. As far as I can see, everything's legal. You just bet it is. That's your marriage license to Kate's mother. And there's the papers lawyer Peeble's drawn up for you when your uncle left you his ranch. It's them all right. So I reckon that settles it. I guess this here's your pa, sure enough, Kate. Yes, I guess so. You needn't look so doggone sorrowful about it. Aren't you glad to see me? Well, of course I am, but it just seems sort of strange at first. Maybe so. But I don't like to see folks around me that scowls. You better smile a little for a change. I'll try. As long as I'm your pa, I'll ask you to call me that same. Yes, father. That's better. I reckon it'll come easier to you by the time I've sold the ranch and we're head and knees. You mean to sell the ranch? Say, Mr. Bayer, you wouldn't do that, would you? You got any objections? Well, by golly, I... Wait, Tim. You see, Tim knows this place is home to me, father. He knows how hard it'd be for me to leave it.  He's only the foreman. And I don't stand for the help talking up. I reckon you don't sadly, Mr. Bayer. I've been sort of a part of Kate ever since her ma died. And so you figure that gives you the right to forget your place? Well, it don't. If I forget it again, I'll find me a new foreman. Say, if that's the way you feel, you can... Please, Tim. I'm sure he didn't mean just what he said. I ain't in the habit of saying nothing I don't mean. Look here, Mr. Bayer, you... You'd really take Kate East away from her friends and all.  But I... I've seen enough these last couple of days to savvy what's going on.  Well, we've been keepin' company for quite a spell. Bill and I are real good friends, Father. Good enough friends to call him by his first name, huh? Well, there's nothing wrong in that, is there? Well, he ain't goin' to no more. He ain't keepin' company with him either. But, Father... Just because you got a lot of cash in the bank, he figures it'd be a good idea to play up to you. But I'm puttin' a stop to it right here and now. And don't you think different? Just hold on a second, Mr. Bayer. Kate's got the right to see anybody she's a mind to. Are you trying to set my own daughter against me? Please, both of you, don't argue. You stay out of this. It ain't true that I'm after Kate's money. I'd like if she didn't have a penny. I know better than that.  The business you come on today is over. Now you can get. Father, don't, don't save that. This is my ranch and nobody can set foot on it, unless and I tell them they can. All right, I'll go.  No, I ain't bluffin', Sheriff. You stay away from the ranch and stay away from Kate. We'll see about that. They're scunk. We'll use Kate alone for 20 years, then comes back and starts raising Kate. If you warrant Kate's part, I'd have taken a punch at him. Steady there, boy. Poor Kate. There was only something I could do.  Get up, come on. Sheriff, I want to speak to you. What the? A man's man? And a red skin? Hold it. Come on out, boss. My golly, I... Careful, Charles. You forced me to draw. I only want to ask you some questions. How'd you know who I was? I saw your badge. And I believe I have information in which the law would be interested. Right now, I'm too darned mad to talk to anybody. Outlaws or not? But you're going to answer my question. It's lucky for you, you, that you got the drop on me. I want to know something about this ranch. The lazy wife. What do you want to know? Who owns this ranch? Well, up to a couple of days ago, it was Kate Baer's. Now her pa showed up. Kate Baer, you say? Yeah. And her father only arrived here a couple of days ago? That's what I said, ain't it? He'd come here with a red-faced young fella that I'd feel right pleased to fill full of lead. Baer? Name on paper. It is, Taddo. I wondered what connection there was between Baer and the lazy wife. But now I believe I can guess a part of it. Hey, what are you doing? Let go of my bridal. Sheriff, you and I have a lot of talking to do. You're coming with me. But look here, listen. And you're coming right now. Help! Help! Rightful! Help! The curtain falls on the first act of our thrilling Lone Ranger drama. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Now to continue our story. A man named Baer was murdered by two outlaws, Ed Scott and Lefty Cullen, to gain possession of a ranch Baer had inherited 20 years before. The outlaws stole Baer's identification and rode to Texas. There, Scott posed as the rightful owner of the Lazy Why Ranch. The Lone Ranger found a note written by Baer, telling enough to send him on the trail of the killers. In Texas, the masked man met the young sheriff. We see them now in the Lone Ranger's small, well-hidden camp. So that's the story, Sheriff. We found this note beside the dead man's body. And we believe him to have been the real Baer, and the man at the ranch and imposter. I don't know. If you wasn't masked like an outlaw, I'd have more reason to believe what you say. I think I can get proof that the man who claims to be Kate's father is the outlaw, Ed Scott. Don't get me wrong, stranger. I don't cotton to this fellow that come here, none at all. He started to mistreat Kate already. If he ain't Baer, there ain't nobody more anxious to find it out than me. Then give me the chance to prove it. I was just thinking. It hadn't ought to be hard to prove whether he's Baer or not. Yes. Being an outlaw, he's been in jail. I could send out letters to the peace officers around the country, and maybe one of them could identify him. That would prove nothing. And why not? Everyone knows that Baer left his family because he was an outlaw. It would have been natural for him to have changed his name. Yeah, but if... Scott could insist that he had changed his name from Baer to Scott to hide his disgrace. Could you prove that he hadn't? I reckon I couldn't. And even if you could, Scott would likely sell the ranch and disappear before you got your evidence. Mm-hmm. He seemed mighty set on selling out. Now, maybe wrong. I came here only because the name Lazy Why was written on that note. I was wondering how you come to figure things out. But I think I know now what happened. You said that these two men arrived with paper showing the older man to be Baer. Baer had been gone so many years, no one could identify him by sight. Yeah. And obviously, the real Baer was killed for those papers. That could have happened all right. But just a minute. How about that note you showed me? That's hanging evidence right there. Not by itself. It isn't signed. The only signature of the paper Baer is on the other side of the sheet with the last few words of a letter that mean nothing. If I gully, there don't seem to be no way at all of getting anything on them, fellas. But I have a plan that will. Yeah? What do you figure on getting out of it? Nothing. Well, that don't make sense. Nobody's got all this trouble just for the fun of it. Except maybe one fella I've heard of. Yes? He's a fella that travels with an engine and calls his horse... Say, didn't I hear you call that horse your silver? You did? Thundering buzzards. Why didn't I think of that before? Go right ahead, stranger. Tell me what you got in mind. And whatever it is, I'm with you. Early the following morning, Ed Scott inspected the ranch he had stolen.  When he re-entered the ranch house that evening, Catherine Bear was in the living room. Well, Keith, I've been over as much as the ranch as I could cover in one day. And I'm here to stay. I ain't never seen a finer spread anywhere. Tim should get the credit for that, Father. He's been a wonderful manager. Don't mention that old fool to me. I ain't got no use for him. If I wasn't selling out real quick, I'd chase him off the place. But, Tim has been honest and loyal. I can't understand why you've taken this dislike to him. He's a meddling fool for one thing. Even if he did run the place good, it wouldn't surprise me to find out it was because he figured on getting the place for herself some way. I guess he won't do any good to tell you that isn't so. Turn right, it won't. But, Father, I do wish you wouldn't sell. Don't you think that you could learn to like it here? I'm selling the place and that's that. Let me see. What do you think it might be worth? It can't be worth any less than $150,000. That's just fine. Then I shouldn't have no trouble at all making a quick sale for $75,000 or $100,000. You wouldn't do that. Wouldn't I, though? I want to get out of here without wasting no time. But why? I don't like it here, that's why. And one reason is, I don't want that no good share for on where you are. I wanted to talk about that. Bill isn't after my money. I know he isn't. You don't know a blame thing about it. He looks like a mighty crooked customer to me. And anyway, I get other plans for you. I don't know. Sometimes it doesn't seem possible that you can be... That I can be what? I think it wasn't anything important. What other plans have you? Well, Lefty, the young fella that come here with me, is a mighty fine ombre. And it pleased me a lot if you and him got hitched. Oh, no. Say, what have you got to get him? I just couldn't, that's all. I couldn't. Well, hold on there. I'm your pa, ain't I? Yes. All right, golly, don't you be so pesky high and mighty. It ain't right for a girl to set herself again her pa. Ever since I can remember that, I was hoping my father would come back to me, but...  It won't change what I said, nun. You're too used to having your own way and everything. That's all that's wrong with you. Hello there, Mr. Bear. Come on in. We were just talking about it. Yeah? Howdy, Miss Chase. Don't talk to me. Leave me alone. I don't want to talk with you. What the... Where do you think you're going? Get to your room. All right. Get to your room and stay there. While you're in it, you can start packing. Packing? What for? Because we're starting each tomorrow. And you're going along. Maybe I can't tell you who to marry, but I assure you the dickens can tell you where you're going to live. And I don't want no argument. Well, dog god knows she ain't got a sight more spunk than I figured she had. Yeah? Well, I'll take it out of her. Did you mean that about leaving tomorrow? Uh-huh. As I fell up Denver way, I think I'll buy the ranch. I aim to see him. Sure, because I'm beginning to like the place. I just soon stay on. Ain't what if something happens to show the law, I ain't really bare. Yeah, that's so. I reckon it's good sense to get out. As the stage goes by here tomorrow noon, we can get that and make connections with the train that goes by west to here. Gosh, I don't know whether I want to ride one of them things or not. If I got to get someplace, the horse looks a heap safer to me. Uh-huh. Well, there ain't no horse alive that can catch us once around that train. And that's what I'm thinking of. Well, I don't like them, but I'll take the chance if you want to. So far, everything's going fine. Except for that blame girl. Yeah? It was me saying I wanted her to marry you that got a riot just now.  Maybe you're smart in me and some things, but when it comes to women, I ain't so bad. Before I'm done, she'll be downright glad to marry me. The Lone Ranger had explained his plan to the sheriff who agreed to help, but certain arrangements prevented their acting at once. It was two days later when the masked man, Tonto and the sheriff, reigned in their mount at the Lazy Y Ranch House. The house looks deserted. I wonder where they could have gone. It's plenty strange. Jolly, I don't know. Kate's usually sitting on the porch about this time of day. Say, there's Tim over there. We'll ask him. Yes, we've got to find them. Tim! Hi there, Tim. Is that you, Sheriff? Come over here. We want to ask some questions. Hi, Thunder Nation Sheriff. I'm sure glad you come. Who's the masked fella? I ain't got time to explain. Where's Kate and them two fellas that come to the ranch the other day? They've gone. Gone? That's why I was so glad to see you. Looks fishy to me. Them lighten out so fast. They're on the stage. Aiming to catch the eastbound train. What? How long ago did they leave? About an hour past. They ought to be going halfway there by now. Then they got away from us. Say, what the... They haven't escaped yet, Sheriff. It's up to us to stop that train before they've gone. We can't do it. We ain't got the time. But we'll try. Listen here. What's all this about? We must hurry! Hurry!  Wipe them! Hurry! The three men raced across country to reach the railroad ahead of the stagecoach. When they topped the last hill, they saw on the distance smoke popping from the stack of the engine as it slowly got underway. The lone ranger turned in his saddle and shouted to his companions, I'm going ahead! What say it? I'm going to stop that engine. And you and Talag and Bo the train and take Scott and Cullen off. You can't catch that train. It's going faster all the time. Who was that? I tell you, gentlemen knows that we're depending on him. He won't play us. No horse can run us. All right, silver old boy. It's up to you now. Come on! Get away from here! We ain't stopping for nobody! Oh, maybe it's all right. You better stop them or we're going to shoot you through the hole. What was this road up? It was the sheriff and the red skin, weren't it, Lefty? Yeah, and a mask fell on the road on the head of them. What is it? What's the matter? Keep still. Lefty, you don't figure they're after us, do you? I don't know. They ain't going to do nothing without us. They can't do a thing. There is something wrong. I know it.  What do you mean? The sheriff got on the train. Even the red skin are coming this way. Keep your head, Lefty.  Hey there, ma'am. I'm arresting you for murder. You hear that? Don't try to get away.  What's the idea? You can't arrest us. I can't, huh? Take a look at this reward notice. $5,000 for the capture of Jim Baer, dead or alive, wanted for murder. Oh, father, what? You want Jim Baer? Me for murder? You can read the handbill, can't you? Who are you? Don't go for your gun, Baer. I have your comment. Don't talk, kid. Don't just say nothing.  I ain't going to hang for what somebody else done.  You're going to spoil everything. Don't interfere, Lefty. Let him say what he has to say. Go ahead, Baer, and talk face. Well, I ain't Baer. I ain't the fellow you want at all. You hurt my father? Honest, Sheriff. I'm giving it to you straight. You can't hang me for what Baer done. I'm Ed Scott. See you there again. Maybe I didn't hear you clear. I would just pretend to be Jim Baer. That's the truth. I swear it's the truth. What have you to say, Lefty? Ain't no use me saying any different. The yellow rats lost his nerve and told everything now. So you see, Sheriff, you can't hang me. I ain't Baer at all. Has everybody here heard this man's confession? Yeah. Then I reckon it won't hurt, and I'll tell you if this reward notice don't mean nothing at all. What's that? You heard me. Your father was an outlaw, all right, Cade, but he warned no murderer. You tricked us. Yep. And it was the masked fellow's scheme. He told me to have this notice printed and run a bluff on you. We'll get him. We'll fix him for this. No, you won't. Because now I'm arresting you for the murder of Jim Baer and for trying to steal the lazy wife. Hey, you can't do that. He got all the evidence we need. We got a note. Baer wrote accusing you of both the shooting. But you can't. Hold on. I'll do the talking. That note weren't no good till we proved that Scott here warned Jim Baer.   And together with that note Baer wrote, there ain't a judge in this country who would believe you killed and to get them. I reckon they got us lefty. Blast them. And it only goes to show that when you try a stunt like this, be careful you don't run up again the lone ranger. You have just heard is a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.