introduce the first speaker if I could invite the ministers and ambassadors and C4 to the stage so we could hear those additional speakers. Thank you ministers. So now I'd like to welcome the Honourable Dato Ali Apong, Minister of Primary Resources and Tourism for the Government of Brunei. Distinguished guests, my fellow government leaders, delegates, ladies and gentlemen. Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh and a very good morning to all of you. To start with I'd like to express my sincere gratitude for the invitation of the host country, Her Excellency Siti Nobaya Bakar, Minister of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia and to the Honourable Josh Frydenberg, Australian Minister for the Environment and Energy to deliver our country's statement at the Third Asia Pacific Rainforest Summit here in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Our theme for this summit, protecting forests and people, supporting economic growth, is very much in time and significant in our recent initiatives in Brunei Darussalam. As we hosted the Second Asia Pacific Rainforest Summit in 2016 in Brunei Darussalam, I'd like to take this opportunity to thank the Australian Government and the Centre for International Forestry Research for all the support in making the summit a very successful event. During the summit we acknowledged the significant role of the government institutions in promoting effective governance of our rainforests. We also recognized the essential role of the rainforest industries in bringing back investment into the forestry sector, finance forestry projects and programs and contribute to sustainable development. We also agreed that rainforest sector restoration and management is not the sole responsibility of the government but as a whole we must act and share together the responsibility of conserving our rainforest ecosystem. Ladies and gentlemen, Brunei Darussalam is a relatively small country yet we have gained recognition for having a well-capped tropical rainforest of which majority is still in pristine condition. At present 41% of the country's land area is declared as forest reserves and are protected by legislation. The country's forestry sector was formalized with the passage of the Forest Act in 1934 some eight years ago. It paved the way for the proclamation of the national forests and by adopting the principle of renewability, sustainability, multiple use and ecological equilibrium management strategies and programs we sustainably manage and administer our forests. At present I'm proud to announce that our forest reserves are still 100% covered with forests. Ladies and gentlemen, in respect of our intended nationally determined contribution INDC, our forests play an important role in mitigating our emission. Brunei's tree cover is estimated to be 72.1% of the total land area of 5,765 square kilometers. It comprises of what experts believe to be the oldest tropical rainforest in the world to include mine groves and the timber utilization quota remains at 100,000 cubic meters per year and is strictly implemented. Our timber production statistics in the past years has always been below the required logging quota. Instead we have been promoting the effective and efficient utilization and processing of timber through the use of high technologies and modern woodworking machineries. Ladies and gentlemen, peat swarms, peat swarm forests are the second most dominant forest type in Brunei's Jerusalem covering 16% of the country's land area. They are very much intact and believed to be the highest proportion of intact peat swarm ecosystem in Southeast Asia. Our peat swarm forests played a significant role during our early economic development as it supports the raw material needs of the early structural development of our oil and gas sector and its related infrastructure. However, the realization of the true protective and biological value of the peat swarm ecosystems has prompted the government to preserve the forest and finally end the exploitation of this forest ecosystem. Peat swarm forests have more benefits in terms of its biological diversity as such the sequestration of the massive carbon deposits of our peat swarm ecosystem as well as in our natural forest will be our great contribution to the global climate change initiatives. At present, we are opening our windows for more research collaborations in further understanding the ecosystem and to develop effective management strategies for the benefits of the global communities. Ladies and gentlemen, the Brunei government has steadily opened up its economy and call for partnership with stakeholders in the private sector to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the diversification as outlined in the Brunei vision 2035. At present, the development of sustainable ecotrism and the conservation of biodiversity become part of our environment strategy as continuing efforts of the government to conserve our remarkable biodiversity, rainforest and natural habitats. It stresses the development of our rainforest resources, conservation and protection and sustainable ecotrism as the main focus of the forest sector. The increasing national appreciation on forest conservation and the value of its biodiversity have led to another approach in forest management and the administration. This increasing value has led us to the development of the non-extractive economic activities such as sustainable ecotrism that would benefit the country, especially the local communities adjacent to our forest ecosystem. Sustainable ecotrism would promote responsible and committed tourism through their participation in forest conservation initiatives. Also in tree planting, culture and heritage protection and the provision of alternative livelihood to local communities. However, to realize sustainable ecotrism, our conservative society needs more entrepreneurial and creative minds from the private sector to develop our ecotrism industry. At present, we are re-accessing our ecotrism potential and identifying potential partners that will strengthen local community management skills in providing the necessary ecotrism and cultural services. Ladies and gentlemen, going back to our theme, protecting forests and people, supporting economic growth is not only a national concern but of a global issue. Brunei is relatively a small country that makes it looks manageable but of course we cannot do it alone. The issues at hand require a regional and or global approach and come up with better ideas, policies, action plans and implementation strategies. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Minister. So now I would warmly welcome the Honorable Osaya Nagamu, Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forests for Fiji to provide a statement from Fiji. Your Excellencies, respected dignitaries, ministers, distinguished guests, officials from member countries, organizers and coordinating partners, ladies and gentlemen. Mola Vinaka and a very good morning to you all. It is indeed an honor and privilege to be invited here today at the third Asia Pacific Rainforest Summit. I am proud to be here on behalf of the Fiji government to deliver my address at this session. I thank the government of Indonesia and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry for hosting this red summit and the coordinating partner country, Australia and the Department of Environment and Energy for their combined efforts in making this all happen. As you know, through its presidency of COP 23, Fiji has been building a grand coalition committed to taking action and communicating the sense of agency widely to all levels of government, to investors and financing institutions, to the private sector, to civil society, organizations and to local communities. As our Prime Minister, Honorable Chosaya Wurangambani Marama, stated at the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting this past week, and I quote, we must accelerate climate action and drive decarbonization and press for the most ambitious target of the Paris Agreement. That is limiting the increase in global warming to 1.5 degree Celsius above that of the pre-industrial age. In March, Fiji hosted the third regional Pacific NDC Dialogue on nationally determined contributions and consultations on the regional Pacific NDC hub to support countries in the process of implementation and enhancement of the NDCs. This regional platform was called for during the climate action Pacific partnership in July 2017. Built on past dialogues in support of NDC implementation, this provided a specific platform for discussions on NDC implementation planning, linkages to SDG processes, opportunities to advance gender, translating NDCs into investable and actionable projects, and long-term development strategies under the Paris Agreement, such as the 2050 platform. As a nation, we have mainstreamed and integrated climate change into national planning and development processes, economic policy and decision-making. This has led to the development of the Green Growth Framework for Fiji, the five-year and 20-year national development plans, and NDC implementation roadmap and framework for the national adaptation plan. As part of this increasingly comprehensive approach to climate change, Fiji acknowledges the importance of forest both in terms of achieving its Paris Agreement goals and those of the United Nations sustainable development agenda. In particular, the critical role of forest is acknowledged in Article 5 of the Paris Agreement, which addresses countries to take action to conserve and enhance forest, including through reducing deforestation and forest degradation. Furthermore, Fiji understands that forests are a critical part of the answer to our climate change, because we know that a 1.5-degree world is simply not possible without tackling deforestation and forest degradation and the associated emissions. Forests are a large part of our current problem in terms of continuing emission from deforestation, but an even larger part of the solution in terms of ending those emissions and enhancing the same natural carbon capture storage function of standing and regrowing forests. And without promoting healthy forests, we also know that our nations won't be resilient to the impacts of the extreme weather events without these natural bubbles and barriers that protect us and that contribute to healthy sustainable livelihoods. In our Green Growth Framework for Fiji, we have specifically recognized the role of forest in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation, and forestry protection areas are mentioned as activities which focus on sustaining the natural forest resources. Renewed efforts are identified for implementation of deforestation and reforestation and conservation of natural forest. In Fiji, 54.7% or about 1 million hectares of Fiji is forested. Of this, 89.4% or roughly 894,000 hectares is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse form of forest. Forest, in this contest, include not only land-based forest systems, but also the wider mangroves and seagrasses and reef systems that are critical to island nations. However, we also have large areas of degraded and unutilized land with potential for broad reforestation and afro-station activities. As a country, we are committed to ensuring we place the protection of our remaining forests and the pursuit of restoring degraded areas at the heart of our national response to climate change. To achieve, we embarked on the following. One, Fiji has embarked on a comprehensive red-plus strategy which continues to assess issues such as drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, strategic environmental social assessment, feedback, grievances, redress mechanisms, carbon rights, and benefit-sharing mechanisms. We have a red-plus demonstration site and MRV systems being finalized. Fiji has been working with the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility of the World Bank and the SPC GIZ Regional Program, coping with climate change in the Pacific Island region. As part of its red-plus readiness work. This includes the intent to develop an emission reduction program to cover 90 percent of the land area of Fiji and 94 percent of forested areas in Viti-Levu, Wano-Levu, and in Tabeoni. And the sale of 3.6 million red-plus emissions reduction between 2019 to 2024 to the FCPF. This readiness work also includes Fiji working closely with the University of Hamburg to establish its forest reference level work that is almost complete. Fiji has legally declared and protected forest and nature reserves, as well as a government managed national park. This national park is a model for other parks and has been replicated around the nation as community-based equal-tourism projects to improve livelihood and alleviate poverty, economic development, and biodiversity conservation. The communities living around this national park benefit from employment in managing the park and economic benefits from tourism activities. This national forest park was also awarded the certification of excellence winner in 2015 by TripAdvisor as a global tourism survey recognition and the Queens Commonwealth Canopy Award for forest conservation. Fiji acknowledges the role of carbon-rich mangroves in climate adaptation, preventing coastal erosion, addressing risk from coastal flooding and sea-level rise. Currently, Fiji is undertaking a community-based mangrove restoration and sustainable management project with support from ITTO. The project includes policy development, capacity building, establishing alternative species for mangrove-dependent communities, and educating them towards conservation of mangroves. The same project site is being used to conduct preliminary work on blue carbon with conservation international and is a first for Fiji in terms of blue carbon work. Finally, going towards Fiji has noted in its NDC that further accounting will need to take place to incorporate, will look as to how red plus will be incorporated into each NDC. At this point, I wish to acknowledge the financial, technical, scientific, capacity building and advisory support rendered towards the implementation of its global and national forest goals by various organizations including World Bank, FCPF, Jeff, FAO, GIZ, Asia, UNFF, SPC, Conservation International, UNDP, WWF, ITTO, EU, to name a few. These organizations have been instrumental in supporting Fiji drive national actions towards sustainable management, development, restoration, and protection of forest in Fiji. As Minister of Forest, I also believe that there is an important link between the objectives of the Paris Agreement and the global sustainable development goals and protecting our rainforest as all inspirable in Fiji at a sub-national level. The Ministry plan aligned to Fiji's 20-year national development plan, the SDG goals and the UNFF strategic goals, the forest sector strategic development plan prioritizes a sustainable forest management framework and compassing outputs addressing SDGs 1, 2, 5, 7, 13, 14, and 15. One of the goals of the Ministry's strategic development plan is to contribute positively to the global environment. This will address environmental-related SDGs along with commitments embedded in the Convention on Biodiversity, the United Nations Forum on Forest, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, all of which Fiji is party to. The activities implemented to deliver SDP outputs and outcomes, including uproar station and rip forest station, to enhance carbon stocks, protect and restore catchments, conserve biodiversity, establish wood and non-wood plantations, including biofuel and food security species, coastal and mangrove restoration. Most of this rip forest station includes community participation on community-owned land with a government-empowering communities, women and youth, and providing financial and development incentives for their efforts. We recognize that mangroves can play a significant role in conserving and enhancing carbon sinks, enabling adaptation to climate change, and achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals 5, 13, 14, and 15. This integration of the Paris Agreement Goals and the SDGs is seen by Fiji as a critical to protecting forests and people, supporting economic growth. It will require the ongoing development of policies, plans, and frameworks to achieve this. Fiji reaffirms its commitments towards the global agenda under the SDGs and Paris Agreement. It will continue to protect forests and people, supporting economic growth and addressing rainforest conservation. Finally, I now wish to turn to the issues of finance. Critical to our efforts to protect forests is the need for innovative finance mechanisms to protect all kinds of forests. Again, including land-based forests, mangroves, and sea grasses, while negotiation on forests have been among the most constructive stance of negotiation over the last 10 years, producing a detailed rulebook on red plus. The fact remains that the rule provides no actual formal mechanism within red plus for financing forests. Red plus has struggled because the lack of a carbon market has left it dependent on voluntary action and without the certainty needed to attract private funding. Additionally, the mechanism being pursued by Norway and the World Bank's Forest Carbon Partnership Facility are excellent measures to develop red plus. But we now need long-term public and private sector finance flows to ensure that finance will flow into actual forest. In this regard, I note that while many governments have implemented measures to protect forests through establishing protected areas, this is not sufficient to avoid their destruction. Furthermore, despite the natural and rural of forest, they do not offer a financial return on investing in their conservation, protection, and management that can compete with the more destructive uses. There are no well-established markets for forest carbon or the broader benefits they provide, despite being critical to our very survival. Forests have therefore been unable to attract private sector finance at any scale. The hard-core reality is that protecting forest at any scale requires capital, significant expenditure, like any green infrastructure project. Between 2006 and 2014, a total of US $9.8 billion was invested into forest. Almost 90% of which came from the public sector. However, it is estimated that somewhere between US $17 billion to $33 billion is required per year to have deforestation by 2030. Given the limits on public climate finance, financial support must come from firstly larger pools of capital available only from the private sector. PG has taken leadership in this regard by launching our own sovereign green ball, which will raise $100 million, which was listed on the London Stock Exchange last week. The proceeds of which will go towards climate mitigation and adaptation project, including possibly in the Red Cross and reforestation area. Going forward, we are hopeful that the rules being negotiated for the implementation of the Paris Agreement smooth the way for further international cooperation on Red Cross and in particular innovative financing approaches under Article 6. All countries but especially forest countries enhance the profile of forest in the NDCs, commensurate with the mitigation potential and potential to contribute to other SDGs. Mechanisms such as the GCF resale-based payment for Red Cross are implemented. Developed countries and the private sector increase financing flows for forest, especially the promise of resale-based Red Cross payments, commensurate with the mitigation potential. This includes working together to develop mechanisms that drive and attract investments, both public and private, into Red Cross in a way that values this forest for their nature- based solutions to climate change and assisting to adapt to climate change. And other countries work with PG to follow the lead we have taken with our green born to develop bonds tailored specifically towards protecting forest and landscape. We look forward to a successful Red Asia Pacific Rainforest Summit and wish you all a constructive and enjoyable three days in your participation and contributions towards the success of this summit. Vinaka and thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you Minister. I can now warmly welcome Her Excellency Dr. Amy Call, Senior Minister of State and Minister of the Environment and Water Resources for Singapore to provide a statement from Singapore. Your Excellency, City Nomaya Bakar, Minister of Environment and Forestry Indonesia, Your Excellency Josh Pryderberg, Minister for the Environment and Energy Australia, Excellencies, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Selamat pagi. Good morning to one and all. I'm indeed honoured to speak at the Third Asia Pacific Rainforest Summit. The team protecting forests and people supporting economic growth is a pertinent challenge that the region has to address particularly in the face of climate change. The forests of Asia and the Pacific make up about 18% of global forest cover. Primarily regarded as carbon sinks, forests also host a rich biodiversity and sustain the livelihoods of millions. Curbing deforestation and protecting existing forests are instrumental in the fight against climate change and the achievement of sustainable development goals or SDGs. Singapore would like to join the region in solidarity to reaffirm our support for sustainable forest management. There is vast carbon mitigation potential that the forests in the Asia Pacific region can contribute if the forests are managed sustainably. I'm encouraged that some advances have been made on the reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation program or REDD Plus. The adoption of the Warsaw framework for REDD Plus is a step in the right direction in making REDD Plus an actuality. Countries must now focus on implementing the program to preserve forests and the carbon stored in these sinks. Since independence the development of Singapore have been based on the principle of sustainability. We moved heavy industries away from the populace, cleaned up our rivers and ramped out our public sanitation efforts. We also balanced our urban landscape with parks and gardens to provide shade, cool and fresh air, a nurtured healthy ecosystems for our native biodiversity. Indeed as I was speaking to His Excellency the minister from Brunei, he made the remark that Singapore doesn't have rainforests but we create forests. Despite being a highly urbanized city-state, more than 40% of Singapore is covered with greenery. Our forests in our four nature reserves are managed for conservation, research, recreation and education. To make Singapore a livable and environmentally sustainable city, we have implemented several initiatives to evolve Singapore from a garden city to a city in a garden. But these efforts alone are not enough for us to keep ahead of the challenges of climate change. We have to step up efforts in climate action. This means keeping track of our emissions for accounting obligations and supporting credible certification schemes. Tracking emissions as land uses change over time ensures that our nature reserves and other nature areas continue to be a valuable carbon sink. We have been monitoring and reporting on greenhouse gas emissions and removals from the land use change and forestry sectors or LU-LUCF for short. Since 2013, initial results have shown that LU-LUCF contributed to a reduction of 0.5% of Singapore's total greenhouse gas emissions. The certification of forest products is also a critical step towards sustainable forest management. As consumers for wood products, especially processed products such as paper and pulp, we want Singaporeans to be environmentally conscious green buyers. Such a behavioural movement requires the support of certifying bodies. The Singapore Green Label Scheme has helped to guide Singapore's consumers when they purchase a product. This, in turn, encourages producers to adopt sustainable practices during production. In January last year, the Singapore Environment Council or SEC launched a holistic green labelling category for paper and pulp products, which encompasses pitland management and fire prevention standards as part of its criteria. Companies with such certified products are required to have their entire supply chain audited against this criteria. To walk the talk, the Singapore government runs and this goes beyond forest conservation. Given Singapore's vulnerability to the effects of climate change, we have committed under the Paris Agreement to reduce our emissions intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030 and to stabilise our emissions with the aim of picking around them. We are committed to meeting our pledge and we are on track to meet our 2020 commitments. Singapore is also strengthening our resilience and adaptive capacity and integrating climate change measures into our long-term policies, strategies as well as planning. This would involve significant investments in infrastructure. We also leverage biodiversity to increase our resilience against climate change effects, like conserving our mangroves and coral reefs that help in carbon sequestration and protect our coastline. Singapore will also implement a carbon tax in 2019 that will provide a price signal to catalyse economy-wide behavioural changes to prepare our businesses to be more energy and carbon efficient and transition our economy to a low carbon future. Singapore also dexinated 2018 as our year of climate action to rally our citizens, businesses and communities to take action to reduce our carbon footprint and fight climate change. As the ASEAN chair this year, we will work with ASEAN countries to take climate action. Singapore will convene a special ASEAN meeting on climate action or SAMCA in July this year, the 10th of July to be accepted, so you could put that down in your diary. We will also hold a back-to-back expanded SAMCA with ministers from China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the UN FCC, COP, current and future presidents from Fiji and Poland respectively. These meetings will serve as a platform for constructive dialogue and send a strong signal on the region's commitment to the Paris agreement. As the chair of the ASEAN working group on climate change, Singapore has been working on the implementation of capacity building programs and technical exchanges in the region, in areas such as adaptation and mitigation. Last October, Singapore and the UN FCC organized a workshop on carbon pricing as part of the collaboration between ASEAN and UN FCC's collaborative instruments for ambitious climate action initiative. Let me conclude, climate change is a global problem. It can only be tackled effectively if all countries take climate action across all sectors. Current NDCs do not bring us to a future that is consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement. It is estimated that the world's forests absorb about a third of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Forests play a critical role in global efforts to address climate change. I'm indeed heartened to see representation from government research, civil society and private sectors from across Asia Pacific gathering at this summit to discuss this critical issue today. We all need to work together to preserve our environment for our future generations. I would like to thank the Indonesian government for hosting us here in Jakarta and the Australian government for supporting this event. I wish all of you a most lively and constructive discussion ahead. Terima kasih. Thank you. Mr. Ricardo Cowderan, Assistant Secretary at the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Thank you. Honorable Ministers, Excellencies, Development Partners, Distinguished Guests, Participants, Good Day, and Mabuhay. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Republic of the Philippines, Secretary Roy A. Simato, wish to extend his congratulations to her Excellency Minister Dr. Siti Nurbaya of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Indonesia and His Excellency Minister Joss Prydenberg of the Department of Environment and Energy Government of Australia for co-hosting the third Asia Pacific Rainforest Summit here in Majestic Yogyakarta, protecting forests and people supporting economic growth. In the 1950s, the Philippines started the cutting and harvesting of our natural dipterocarp forests and exported these premium hardwood species all over the world. The forestry sector alone contributed 10% of the gross domestic product during those years. We started our rehabilitation efforts in the 1960s but failed to provide solutions to major drivers of deforestation and degradation like illegal logging, slasen barn agriculture, illegal cutting, upland poverty, good governance, institutional problems including lack of government funding. Our 1990 Forestry Master Plan for Forest Development indicated that we have more than 20 million Filipinos living in the upland areas with a population growth and poverty incidents higher than the national average. Our forest coverage down from 16.8 million hectares in 1934 to only 6.84 million hectares in 2010. Roughly 19% of our total land area. From 2003 to 2010, we are losing our forest at a rate of 46,954 hectares annually and the rate of degradation is at 142,347 hectares annually. Our forest and forest land is nearing the tipping point of a reversible loss. We need to recover the forest that we lost and rehabilitate the remaining degraded areas. In 2011, we started the implementation of the National Greening Program, the biggest reforestation program of the Republic of the Philippines funded by taxpayers' money, high-value crops such as coffee, cacao and rubber. It was the first time that we used high-value crops in our reforestation activities in partnership with upland communities. Our thinking is that these upland communities will protect these trees as this will also provide them livelihood in the next three years. On the other hand, in the protection forest and protected areas, we planted endemic and indigenous three species including bamboo and rattan. Mangrove and beach forest species were planted in the coastal areas in partnership with coastal communities and local government units. The NGP, the National Greening Program has established partnership with private companies, corporations, people's organizations, civil society organizations, local government units and state universities and colleges including government offices and institutions. We have attracted almost 10,000 partners nationwide. The program has also generated 4.2 million jobs and employed 550,000 persons all coming from upland communities and rural areas. As I speak in front of you today, a total of 944 million dollars had been invested from 2011 until 2018 and 100 million dollars more was proposed for 2019. From 2011 until 2018, a total of 1.9 million hectares of degraded and denuded forest land were planted and rehabilitated. Forest rehabilitation and forest protection are the key elements in the 70% commitment of the Philippines in the Paris Agreement ratified by the Philippine government on March 23, 2017. Forest accounts to 40% of the national determined contribution. We have refocused and intensified our efforts to protect our remaining natural forests. The marching order of our Secretary is that we will further intensify our efforts to protect our natural forests. Our forests and natural growing trees are better off standing in the forest than apprehended but already cut by legal luggers and timber poachers. In order to expand our forest cover and enhance our carbon stock, we will be needing 900 million dollars more in the next five years until 2022. And the same amount from 2022 till 2028. As per our projections, we'll be able to increase our forest cover from 32% to 36%. We'll be able to further increase the resilience of our all-plant communities, improve their means of livelihood. This will also lessen the threat of flooding and landslide in our lowland communities thus enhancing agricultural productivity. But we also have to invest more on advanced technology not just on the planting and growing of trees but also on satellite technology so that we will be able to account for every hectare planted and rehabilitated. In this way we could account for every dollar spent coming from our taxpayers money. On the long term in order to ensure sustainability and gradually reduce the dependence of our communities from government, we have to invest in the development of social enterprise in the upland so that our upland farmers can become businessmen as well. We should be creating independent communities able to sustain themselves and become part of the value chain. Along this line we need the private sector as partners and civil society organizations and nongovernmental organizations to assist our upland farmers. In order to sustain the game the National Gaining Program was expanded until 2028 aligned with the Philippine Development Plan and the Philippine Forestry Master Plan. The program is our major intervention in order to achieve sustainable development goals is specifically goal one no poverty goal to zero hunger goal 13 climate action goal 15 life on land and goal 17 partnership to achieve the goal while the implementation of the program are not without the problems and difficulties we're now documenting the testimonials of beneficiaries of upland communities in the Unionist peoples women's group and upland households whose lives were improved as a result of the program communities are now empowered and transformed from being mere spectators to actual partners of government and implementers of the program. We in government are pleased by the economic games of the people in these upland communities. Farmers are able to sustain the schooling of their children gaining knowledge from training able to make investments on cooperative stores community nurseries and community transport vehicles but more importantly with the millions of dollars we have invested so far we have 1.9 million hectares of new forest rehabilitated protected and managed by empowered communities we have increased our forest cover from 23 percent to 23 percent our upland communities are now more resilient empowered and productive citizens in a more functional forest ecosystem thank you and let us work and participate for a more successful third Asia Pacific rainforest summit thank you and good day thank you so now we can change tact a little bit so we've been here for global sustainable development they confirm that we are in this together and we must find solutions together obviously countries will individually implement and report their own domestic measures to fulfill these obligations in Norway our government has decided that all ministries should report on their own contributions and achievements in the annual budget paper presented to our national parliament we are all we are already experiencing that some targets are harder to reach than others but we see progress first of January this year Norway's climate act made our national climate goals into law based on our Paris contribution Norway is now legally committed to become a net zero emission economy in 2050 that would require a mission reduction of Sam 80 to 95 percent from our 1990 levels the road there goes through a target of an at least 40 percent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and becoming emissions neutral by the same year we aim to fulfill this through a collective delivery the EU and its member states minister city Nuremberg Excellencies and colleagues in Norway's economy we have four main emission sources around 50 percent of the missions are already covered by the mission trading system the ETS of the EU originate originating mainly from industry aviation and oil and gas sectors remaining emissions mainly comes from transport and agriculture our electricity needs are covered almost entirely by our vast renewable hydro power resources one of the policies that have received international attention is a tax exemptions and other attractive incentives for emissions who buy electric cars this has led to a massive growth in sales of electric cars and the number of new cars with the traditional fossil combustion combustion engine now is surpassed by emission-free or hybrid cars Norway has the highest share of electric cars per capita in the world and this has happened in a few years we are using this momentum in moving towards electric transport solutions also at sea with the national ferry system gradually facing out these land genes and switching to batteries as you are all well aware the biggest challenge yet is our oil and gas sector where emissions from our production continue to represent a sizable source here the government is investing substantially in research and development on carbon capture storage the technology also recognized by IPCC as key to realize Paris agreement as for our global contribution I'm happy to confirm that rainforest remain Norway's biggest climate priority and there I would like to remind everyone important the Bali meeting back in 2007 actually was ministers Bali marked the first cop were major decisions on climate and forest were made a broad coalition of governments civil society business and scientists managed to convince the conference the time had come to formally recognize the role of tropical forest protection in any credible fight against global warming the message was clear without quickly halting and then ending tropical deforestation it would be possible to reduce emissions at the scale which would prevent the reversible rise in global temperature as you know now and we'll discuss here in Georgia Karta the decision led to the launch of a large number of programs and projects that could deliver emissions emission reductions we got the forest carbon partnership facility of the World Bank the UN red program and many smaller projects adoption of red plus in the climate convention mobilized in you and additional funding stream in climate finance some of these very much being implemented in Indonesia as we speak ladies and gentlemen one of these initiatives born out of Bali is the international climate and forest initiative Norway pledged up to three billion which a coronary year and promised to work closely with tropical forest countries to end the tropical forest laws while improving the livelihoods of those who live off in and near the forests an agreement the letter of intent was signed with Indonesia in 2010 10 the government committed Indonesia to large emission reductions the forest moratorium was issued to stop issuance of new logging concessions and aimed at improving governance of primary natural forest and peatlands the moratorium covered an area of between 64 and 72 million hectares it sent a strong political signal of change from both countries Indonesia would leave the fight to save its rainforest Norway would provide large-scale financial support to enhance the efforts since then the moratorium has been renewed several times and even been supplemented with special measures to address peatlands Indonesia's ecosystems are incredibly valuable and sustained the livelihoods of more than 260 million people living on more than 900 islands blessed with some of the richest ecosystems in the world with more plant and animal species than most other nations in the world this offer many opportunities for discovery innovation and explanation that will benefit all mankind forest play a vital role in any development scenario facing us but it also the most important source of emissions Indonesia plays an important role in reducing its carbon footprint through ending deforestation and draining peatlands and in restoring degraded forest lands in succeeding you will have made a massive global contribution to reach the Paris goal your excellency minister city norabaya even though it has taken more time than originally anticipated to establish the fundamental components of the partnership with continued strong leadership from president jokowi yourself and your teams 2018 might still be the year where norway can announce the first result based payments to Indonesia for achievements in reducing domestic forest loss and when that happens it will be the crowning example of what two countries supported by many friends can accomplish together it is never easy to change the dynamics of an economy it requires us to think very differently about what carries value for us in our daily lives such as clean air and clean water reform efforts will always be challenging until you find new economic activity that is less damaging to our environment governments must lead this transformation but do depend on partnerships with industry local and other communities civil society organizations and universities there will always be a transaction cost because if the risks involved because of the risks in world red plus can reduce these costs and help kickstarting the economy dynamic transformation across sectors through red plus forest can actually continue to be a financial source but now without the single tree being cut and sold for profit and no peatlands trained in its most simple form red plus aim to produce independently verified emissions reductions that will automatically and predictably trigger payments from donors and other partners this in turn will provide Indonesia with valuable additional financials resources that can then be used to invest in improved welfare and jobs for the Indonesian people in a new low carbon climate economy friends we must recognize that Indonesia has a strong agrarian economy depending on farmers and agro industry for jobs and growth in most countries agriculture is the biggest driver of deforestation so finding better agricultural practices is important if we are to combine environmental and economic goals recognizing the importance of shifting from expansive to intensive production governments must use a combination of stick and carrot to ensure our food production does not replace our forest and peatlands and this shift cannot be an interim one the change must be permanent ladies and gentlemen many of you in this room has worked tirelessly for more than a decade to end the days of deforestation in Indonesia and beyond and even though important progress have been made and though our coalition of partnerships are growing it is important to use events like the Asia Pacific range for a summit to recognize that the job is not yet finished I will therefore close by wishing you the best of luck in the discussions during these three days giving us new knowledge and approaches to end deforestation and forest loss in closing let me thank our host the minister of environment and forest the government of Australia and see for for making this event possible I wish you all a successful conference thank you very much for your attention thank you ambassador so now I'd call on the delivery partner to the summit Dr. Robert oh sorry Robert Nazy Nazy director general of C4 thank you good afternoon everybody I'm acutely aware that I'm here standing between you and your lunch so I will try to keep it reasonably short but if we when we talk about the Asia Pacific region I'm not doing going to talk about a country because I'm not going to speak about France here I'm not going to speak about my wife's country in Indonesia because many people know better but if you talk about Asia Pacific of dry forests all these countries all these people with all their difference I think are all going together for one reason because forests matter and forest matter for C4 C4 is a center for international forest research that been created in 1993 it's headquartered in Indonesia in Bogor and our aim since we have been created in 1993 as early about breaking the old conception about forestry and expanding forestry beyond what is considered as classical in our world and that's why we we have considered elements like what are the underlying causes of the forestation we're involved in the first system for certification of forestry developing Caterin indicator in 2016 we developed a new strategy because we thought that following the 2015 Paris agenda and 2015 declaration of the sustainable development goal we had to add up our strategy and show that forest and forestry would contribute to the 17 SDGs and not simply the SDG 15 life on land and from that we have continued working and we developed the largest integrated research program on forestry is a natural forestry with partner for mecraft and another international and national organization and our purpose is to make sure and to ensure that forest and forestry contribute to the sustainable development goal as they should and that they improve the livelihood of local people they improve the economic returns of forest but at the same time protects diversity and the environment I could speak for hours about forest and forestry I mean I've been involved with that for more than 37 years now but in terms of the maybe some entry points where people don't look really sort of forest are very important for food security and nutrition our research in Indonesia show that among various land use type the people that have the most diverse diet are the people that live in where they have the most diverse forest and agroforestry forest matter for agriculture there is a significant effect of having a forest near an oil palm or maize plantation in terms of yield because of the natural pest control exert by forest forest matter also in terms of climate change not simply because of they are carbon stock they do they are also they have a significant effect in cooling the atmosphere they have a significant effect in creating rent in places that are far away from where they are creating rivers in the skies and what is happening when you deforest in a place like Indonesia as an impact as far as China and Beijing in terms of the amount of deposit of silt that is happening and there is one ecosystem which has been close to my heart for a long time that encompass all the issue can think about forest it's a pitland and mangroves and pitland and mangroves although they represent a small percentage of the world forest are probably the richest and the most carbon-rich ecosystem in the world and also the most threatened and I think I can only encourage command Indonesia for all the efforts that Indonesia is currently doing in terms of restoring and rehabilitating pitland and working on mangroves and my last word will be that C4 is a research capacity development and communication organization we are not big we are working with many partners and we are willing to work with anybody in this room for home forest matter thank you thank you thank you ministers probably another round of applause for everyone for all the ministers so I think that's after all those presentations this morning we've probably got a lot to inform our thinking over the next couple of days and the various sessions but I think we'll stop for lunch now we are running a little bit behind schedule I know everyone's probably getting hungry so if we stop for lunch and I think we reconvene at 1.30 in the planning room again so thank you again ministers


What's up everyone? Welcome to another video lesson from navigationtrading.com. Just wanted to share with you an adjustment trade that we are making in SPY. So we originally had on an iron condor in SPY and part of our adjustment process is if price comes through one of the breakevens, we are going to close out the unbreached side. So we closed out the put vertical side several weeks ago and as you can see, price continued to just rip higher to a point where we are way out of range. And because this is a defined risk strategy, we are gonna give it some time. In fact, in this case, today is April 16th and these options expire in just two days. So typically they would expire on Friday or Friday would be the last day to trade those, but in this case, Friday is a holiday. So it's actually Thursday is the last day to trade and today is Tuesday. So we're in expiration week. We've got to get to a point of doing something. We either need to close this and just take the loss or the other option would be to roll it to extend duration on the trade. Now, when determining which one you're going to do, it really comes down to your overall assumption of the market and what's going on in the rest of your portfolio. So for example, we like to keep short delta. We like to keep a short bias in our portfolio to protect from those really quick, violent downside moves in the market. And so this is one that we're going to choose to keep on to keep some of that short delta. So in that case, we're gonna look to roll. If that wasn't the case for you, if you didn't want that short exposure or you had an assumption that the S&P was going to continue higher, then you might want to just cut this loose and take your loss. You know, the other piece of this, I mean, this market's been on an incredible run since the beginning of 2019 and it's just continued to rip higher with very little pullbacks. And so I'm also anticipating a potential pullback. And you know, this is not any, there's no scientific or statistical data to back this up of why I'm thinking this. It's just simply from a contrarian standpoint, this thing has just been on fire to the upside. At some point it's gonna pull back and I'm good with taking that risk of extending duration on this trade and continuing to look for a little bit of downside in the overall market. So what we're gonna do is we're gonna go ahead and roll this. We're currently in the April monthly cycle. We're gonna roll this out to May. So what I'd like to do, kind of give you a quick snapshot of my thought process of how we do this. So the first thing I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go to the May trade tab, to the cycle that I'm rolling out to. And I'm gonna go ahead and set this up in the analyze tab because I'm a visual trader, so I can look at it. And so I'm just gonna start with something a little bit out of the money. So let's look at the 292. So we're just gonna do sell vertical as if we were just repositioning this vertical spread in the next month. As you can see, our current position is three strikes wide. So we wanna keep the same width. So I'm gonna do the 292, 295. That would keep that at three strikes wide. And then I'm just gonna take this over to the analyze tab. Okay, so I'm gonna click off my current position. I'm gonna make sure the contracts are the same here. I had five contracts there. And so we're just looking at the theoretical position. Now what I like to do when I roll a trade like this is you also wanna make sure that your calendar for expiration is the same as your calendar up here. And so what I want to do is I wanna take a look at this and see, okay, what's my potential probability of success? Now, right now it's showing about a, excuse me, that's on price. So you wanna set your price slice to the breakeven point, and that's better. So what I'm looking at is about a 60% probability of success. So when I roll these trades or when I set up a vertical, forget about rolling, if I'm just setting up a vertical spread, I like to have about a 60% or better probability of success on the trade. So I've got about a 60% chance that I'm gonna profit on this. You can see we've got a max profit of $710 and then a max loss of $790. Okay, so the probabilities are on our side and it's really a bearish position. But remember, we're rolling the exact same position from April, just extending duration out to May. We're adjusting our strikes to accommodate that and so that's what we're looking at doing. So then what I do is I simply click on the position, hit shift, highlight the entire thing, then you can do create rolling order and it's gonna be the top one, sell vertical roll. Now what I can do is I'll push this up so I can see what I've got here. So what I need to do is it defaults to the very next weekly cycle. So I wanna make sure this matches up with the trade that I just analyzed. So I'm gonna bring this down to the May 17th expiration and then I wanna make sure that I have the correct strikes as well. So I'd analyze this first so I can get the visual representation and then I also pull it up so I don't make a mistake when I'm correcting my expiration cycle and my strikes. So here I'm selling the 292. So I wanna change this to 292 and the one I'm buying is the 295. So I wanna change that to 295. So now essentially what we're doing is we're closing out the current position of the 284-287 strike and we're repositioning that at the 292-295 strike. Now another question I get sometimes is we're doing this trade for a debit, not a credit and we always like to roll for a credit. I mean that is the best of the best, right? We're actually collecting a credit for making the roll. In this case, because the price was so far in the money on our current trade, when we roll out and adjust the strikes, we're gonna be paying a debit for the roll. And if it was a case where we didn't have a bearish assumption on the market and if it was a case where we didn't wanna keep that short delta in our overall portfolio, then we would just close the trade out, okay? But in this case, we wanna keep it on. We still have that bearish assumption. We still need the short delta in our portfolio. And so therefore I am willing to pay a debit for this trade because if I did just close it out, I'd be going to look for another bearish trade anyway. So why not just keep this extend duration and look for some of that cyclicality in this specific market, all right? So I have adjusted that. We're probably gonna get filled, not right at the mid-price, somewhere in between mid and natural. So I just adjusted that and I'm gonna hit confirm and send and see if we get filled and we sure did. We got filled at actually a little bit better than what we priced it at. So the roll has taken place. And so now if I just exit out of the theoretical position, this is our actual current position, exact same thing we looked at before the trade, a little over 60% probability of success. And we have rolled that position to extend duration. So that's it. Hope that was helpful. If you have any other questions, feel free to go to navigationtrading.com and follow along on what we're doing. Take care, everybody.


When we look at the missionary problem, this problem, as we know it today, is really about 50 Samad years old in its present form that is taking Christianity, dressing it up to look Jewish, and presenting it to the Jewish community. I don't think I would surprise anybody here if I told you that Christians have always wanted Jews to become Christian. So while Christians have always wanted Jews to become Christian, the method that they're using today, groups like Jews for Jesus, taking Christianity, dressing it up to look Jewish, calling their pastors, rabbis, their congregations, synagogues, wrapping themselves in talasim, singing Hebrew songs, and telling the Jewish community that it's the most Jewish thing in the world to believe in Yeshua or Jesus. That methodology is only about 50 years old, but that methodology has worked perhaps far beyond their wildest dreams. We frequently hear that they've converted more Jews in the past 19 years than they have in the past 19 centuries. It's not clear as to who originally came up with that quote, us or them, but they love to quote it, and I don't have any problem quoting it back because it's probably very, very true. But this missionary movement, which started primarily in North America and primarily in the United States, has now been exported all over the world. In 1978, there were approximately 20 Hebrew Christian congregations in North America. Today, as we look around, there are over 400 Hebrew Christian congregations in North America alone. There are over 100 of these congregations in Eretz Yisrael. They produced a book in 1999, Facts and Myths about the Messianic congregations in Israel, and this book lists congregation after congregation, and we know that there are even more there now. That is, by the way, combined, if you combine the number of conservative and reform congregations in Israel, that far out exceeds the number there. And then we turn to the former Soviet Union. The former Soviet Union has become a magnet for the missionaries. When the gates opened up, the missionaries flooded in. We have been using a figure of somewhere around 38 to 50 Hebrew Christian congregations in the FSU, but unfortunately that number is dead wrong. I came back from Moscow in May where I had the opportunity to present a program on the missionaries to leaders of 40 different Jewish communities around the FSU, and we did a survey. There are over 100 congregations in the Ukraine alone. We estimate that there may be another 75 to 150 congregations in the rest of the FSU. The number is outstanding, unbelievable, and they are growing by leaps and bounds. Christian missionaries are literally tripping over themselves to get to Russian Jews, and while they are increasing the numbers of the congregations in the FSU, they are not ignoring Russian Jews wherever they may be, whether it's here in Toronto, in the United States, and particularly in Eretz Israel. They're using whatever method they can possibly devise to reach out and ensnare the Russian Jews in their programs, and they're succeeding, in fact, the largest number of the Hebrew Christian congregations in Eretz Israel are made up of former Russian Jews. But this is a worldwide problem, and it's a problem that, as I indicated, has been exported from primarily the United States. The United States gave all sorts of wonderful things to the world. This is not one of them. We've noticed an increase in South America, which seems to be the next target for the missionary groups. And in fact, we are tracking over 900 U.S.-based and North American-based missionary groups that have, as their agenda, the same agenda as Jews for Jesus. And when you look at the response to the Jewish community, it pales in comparison. These groups are spending big dollars as well. Last year, Jews for Jesus had a budget of somewhere between $12 and $13 million. That's American. You're going to have to help me with Canadian. I'm sorry. But Jews for Jesus is one group out of over 900 that we're aware of, chosen people ministries over $7 million. Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, $5 million. And by the time we finish adding up all of the money that these groups are spending in their efforts to convert Jews, we estimate that each year they are putting forth $270 million in that effort. And figure it out. What's the price of a Jew? In 1978, we estimated that there were maybe 10,000 Jews involved in this movement. Today, that number is over $250,000. So they're succeeding. And when we look at that and when we look at the response of the Jewish community, whether it's from Jews for Judaism or Torah Life and Living, and believe me, Aaron knows that there are few groups out there that are working to try and combat the efforts of these groups. It seems almost insurmountable. It seems extremely frustrating. And if I can, I'd like to tell you a short story. It seems that there was this little boy who lived by the sea, and he heard that the following day there was going to be an extremely low tide. And he knew that when the tide goes out that the starfish becomes stranded on the beach.  And he wanted to do something for the starfish. So he got up real early the next morning. He goes down to the beach. And as he starts to walk along, he sees a starfish. He picks it up and he throws it into the water. And he walks a little bit further. He sees another starfish. He picks it up and he throws it into the water.  And the man walks over to him and he says, what are you doing? And the little boy explains about the low tide. And the man says, I can't believe you're doing that. I mean just look down the beach in this direction. Look at all the starfish. And then turn around and look at all the starfish down the beach in this direction. You can't possibly, even if you work all day, you can't possibly make a difference. The little boy thinks about it.  And he turns to the man and he says, I made a difference to that one. And so Jews for Judaism, in spite of what seems like overwhelming odds, we continue to make a difference as we reach out to the people who are ensnared by these missionary groups. But even before they become ensnared, the programs that Jews for Judaism has developed, the educational preventive programs that we have taken around the country and around the world, will be meeting, for example, in August with leaders of Hillel, over 200 leaders of Hillel from across the former Soviet Union. Rabbi Kravitz, Rabbi Skobak, myself, have been throughout South Africa. Rabbi Skobak and Rabbi Kravitz have been to Australia. And we've been numerous times to Eretz Israel to do preventive programming, to let the Jewish community know that there is a problem out there. Many people don't believe that this is a problem until it hits them. Well, I can assure you that with the growth rate in this movement, very, very shortly, there is going to be very few families out there who will not be touched by this problem. And we want to see if there's something that we can do to prevent it, to prevent more heartache for families in the Jewish community. We've introduced some rather innovative programs. In the Baltimore office, we developed a program called CPR for the Jewish soul, community prevention and response, in which we enter to a Jewish community for a week to two weeks. And we do extensive programming throughout the entire community, not just one lecture and not in just one place, but in every segment of the Jewish community so that this message, that there is a Jewish response, that there is a good reason why for the past 2,000 years Jews have said no to Jesus, that that information gets to every segment of the Jewish community. And the program has been very, very well received across the United States and even in South Africa. We'll be introducing this fall a program that we call JTTV, modeled after MTV. It's our outreach to Jewish youth on a, I guess kind of a hip way of reaching the youth, something that hopefully they can connect with. And through cyberspace and our extensive website and the new website at JTTV, we connect with Jewish town meetings, some of them held in conjunction with the CPR program, that kids in their teens prior to their reaching college can relate to, with information that they can relate to, something that is speaking to them, something that hopefully will be useful to them and hopefully will keep them connected to the Jewish community. And of course, Jews for Judaism has been at the forefront of providing material in Russian, around the world, to combat the missionaries. The booklet that you picked up outside Jewish responses to the missionaries is also available in Russian. We also have Michael Scoback's tape and the only video on this subject in the Russian language. And that information has been made available worldwide. There's a cute little story about the first time that Rabbi Scoback went to Russia. And this was after his tape had received rather wide distribution there. And he was doing a program for some people in Moscow. And when he was introduced, several people got up and complained and screamed rather loudly. That's not Rabbi Scoback. And of course we were a little confused because we've known Michael for many years. But it seems that this particular tape had made its way to some of the far reaches of the former Soviet Union. And the person that we had record the tape, the translation of it, was female. And so they were expecting a female Rabbi Scoback. Fortunately, we were able to convince them that this was the real item. And his reputation has spread since then, in spite of the fact that the tape is recorded by somebody who's female. In addition to the efforts that Jews for Judaism is making, there are efforts that you as a community can make. Because quite honestly, we can't do this alone. We need your help. As you can see from the people that Julius introduced, there are a few of us. And clearly not enough to go around. In spite of the fact that we have offices across the U.S., Canada, South Africa, and the Task Force in Australia. When we look at just one of those groups, remember Jews for Jesus? I'm sure you've heard of them. Jews for Jesus has a full-time staff of over 150 people. And that's just one group. So we need your help. In fact, all of you need to be Jews for Judaism. All of you need to get the message out that there are organizations out there that can help in response to the Jewish communities. But even more than that, repeatedly when we ask people how they got involved or why they got involved, one of the answers that ranks fairly high up there is because they made an effort to connect to the Jewish community, but they found the Jewish community too cold, too distant, unfriendly, not welcoming. And I know that it's not happening in your synagogue or your neighborhood, but I can tell you that unfortunately this is a reputation that the Jewish community around the world has. And it's something that we, each one of us, can do something about. I had the opportunity to take my son to a small private college in New England when we were looking for school for him, and we stepped into a synagogue for Monday dovening. And the place was jam-packed. There must have been 12, maybe 13 people there. And at the end of dovening, before we had even put away art to fill in, the place emptied out. And not one person, not one single person, said one word to either one of us. And I can tell you it's been a tremendous experience here in Toronto the last two days because in the two synagogues that we were in, just about everybody came over to ask us who we were, what we were doing, and to welcome us. But we need to extend that effort throughout the entire Jewish community to make the Jewish community a warm, welcoming, friendly place, a place where Jews want to be, a place where Jews feel welcome and at home, because I can guarantee you that if we don't do it, the missionaries will. It's just something very small, but it's a start. It's something that each and every one of you can do to help in this effort to get the word out that the Jewish community is a place for Jews. And that Jews for Judaism is a place that you can go for Jewish answers to the information, the misinformation that the missionaries are spreading. Thanks very much.


and welcome to Lady Aida. Hey everybody and welcome to yet another cyberrific Sunday here at the desk of Lady Aida, it's me, Lady Aida. This is my desk with me, Mr. Lady Aida on camera control and I did a lot of stuff that we worked on this week, weekend, so get your questions and stuff lined up. I also showed up in Scott's live broadcast on Thursday and previewed some of this stuff. We can jump right in. As always, thanks for supporting us by purchasing stuff from Aida Fruit. It's what keeps the lights on, literally. We have to pay the electricity bill. Yeah, and our people in the rent and all the things that keep Aida Fruit going, so thank you very much. You can do that at AidaFruit.com. And this week, normal week of shows and everything, only difference this week, I think Nome Pedro or JP, one of the two are going to be hosting show and tell. No disruption in shows or services, we just mix it up. Yeah. So it's not the same folks hosting the show every week. And Lady Aida, take it away when it's on your desk this week. Okay, well let's start with checking out the Cyberrific Cyberdeck PCBs. So these PCBs just came in on Friday, which means it's already the manufacturer. So this is the Cyberdeck bonnet, so it's in a panel. As you can see here, it's panelized. It's got this really cool silk screen from Phil B. They told him, like, go cyber. And like, I think we said, like, make it ginormonic-ish. I think that's what kind of what we recommended. But there's, you know, the hack the planet from hackers. It's got two Stemma QT ports, two Stemma ports, because there's all the space in the middle. This is where you plug your hat or bonnet into, and this plugs into the Pi 400 using the angled header that we showed off earlier. If people really want to see it, they can probably dig out a piece of angled header. And then this is gonna be selective soldered back here. It's got some cool silk screen on the back with VR gloves. They're always pointing and grabbing. And then optical discs, also very cyber. And then we've also got the hat version. So that was the bonnet, right, which is like a Raspberry Pi zero style size. And this is the full hat size. So this would be for like a full, you know, standard display. In fact, I have this, this key belt that I've shown off for something else. This would plug in here. And then you would have this plugged into your Pi 400. So Ditto, it's basically the same schematic. There's a Cyber Dolphin, which is always cool to have. And then same kind of back silk screen. So I told him, yeah, don't try to like come up with a new silk screen for each side. Cause it was, it was taking a while. I wanted to fill be a break. He was doing really good job with this silk screen.  We're gonna run these this week. So we should have these in the shop. We got a bunch of those angled headers in, which was the thing we were really waiting for, the custom angled headers. And we'll put this in the shop and then you'll be able to plug this into your Pi 400 for cyberificness. Any questions about that? I don't know. Let's see. So far, no. Okay, great. All right, the next thing is a sting on the Raspberry Pi topic. Why don't we jump to my computer? So this week was exciting. We released the Feather RP 2040. Folks, you didn't get one. We only made a very small batch to start. We were making more, believe me, there's tons being made. Sign up and we're gonna be over the next week or so, churning them out and notifying people. So worry not if you did not get it. One of the things that we realized as, we were working on the Feather RP 2040 is, I didn't realize that flash memory, if I wanted to use four or eight megabyte flash memory, it wasn't available in two by three USAN. And so that's the size that I used on the Web-V on the Itzy-Bitzy. So let me open that up and I can show it off. Whoa, eagle cat? Okay. So this was the size of the flash. It was just very small. I mean, compared to the chip here, let's turn on the T-docus layer. I don't know how big this is. So compared to the chip, this flash chip is really small. This is the size that we use on a lot of our tiny boards. And it's two megabytes. And usually two megabytes is a good amount, except on the RP 2040, we take half of that for the firmware. So we really wanted to have like four megabytes at least. Two was just a really, a little bit too small because you'd only get half of that one megabyte for user file storage. So we wanted to go with four megabyte or eight megabyte. And I didn't realize it because I don't like, you know, whatever I spaced that if you want to get four or eight megabyte size flash, it doesn't come in this package. I guess the die actually is larger. So knowing that I had to redesign this. So this is a lot of 06 of three parts. So it got a re-spin into a lot of 0402 parts. These parts got smaller. This chip shoved over a little bit to give more room. These two buttons kind of split apart. And then this is the new flash chip. So you can see it's a lot larger. This is a four by four WSON. It can be four megabyte, eight megabyte. There's still two buttons. I added this cute little diode. The diode lets you use the boot button as a user buttons because like I'm there anyways, I had a little bit of space. So I shoved it in there. So that got redone and also the cutie pie also got redone. So same thing, you know, I originally had it with two by three use on. And then, you know, realized after doing the layout and the prototype worked great.  So here's the larger flash chip. It fits neatly between the two mounting posts for the USB. This is the bottom of the board. Same little diode thing added to test points. So I will be doing another prototype run with these two boards. But here's the good news. You're gonna get four or eight megabytes of flash on the CutiePire Itsy Bitsy RP2040. Hey, you know, learn something new every week that's what I learned last week. So those two designs are getting done. I mean, there's eventually just gonna be more and more. I mean. More and more what? RAM. Flash, yeah. Flash, yeah. Yeah, I mean, like eventually maybe there will be flash chips that are even bigger that fits a smaller, but you know what, it's always fine to go big because it's like on the feather RP2040, I use a wide SYC on purpose. And that means I can use any size flash chip. And in the end, we shipped with eight megabytes and people are digging it. So, cool. So that's that. What else did I have on the list? It was with the CutiePire. And then, oh, I have another. It's totally not out yet. Don't ask. So I was working on a little bit of home automation projects. And remember I made that feather ESP32S2. But while I'm waiting for the ESP32S2 mini modules to come out, because that design is actually done. I'm just waiting for the modules to be available for purchase because to make the feather, I'm using the little miniature ESP32S2 modules. They're not quite available for large purchases yet. So I thought like, oh, what if I made something that's perfect for a little home automation and it's a little house shaped PCB. It's just like my prototype just to get the layout going. On the back is an ESP32S2 and there's a USB-C over here. I've got three analog input ports for sensors or proximity or like a water sensor. I think I got a water sensor kicking around here somewhere. One question that we need to do. Do we have any updates for the NeoPixel Trinkie? The PCBs are ordered. I'm just waiting for them to show up. So when those come in. Yeah, it's an update. So this is the World Rover ESP32S2 and it's got a TFT over here. Oh yeah, it's a STEMI QT connector. This is the boot button. Not a lot of stuff on the back to be honest, but you can see this cool hatched ground. That's because I'm doing capacitive touch. This is the first time I'm doing capacitive touch with the ESP32S2. It has native capacitive touch. So I was like, let's try it out. I don't know what's gonna happen. So what I did is on the front, we're gonna make a nicer silkscreen, but for now I'm like, it is a house.  And there's like a light on the door. So there's capacitive touch buttons. So these three are capacitive touch buttons and this is a capacitive touch slider. So I've never really made a slider before. So it's kind of interesting to try out. There's a doorbell and the doorbell is the reset button and then this is a buzzer. So it's like the doorbell buzzer and then there's a humidity and barometric pressure sensor. So right now I just have it basically working with Circuit Python. I just have like a really basic example program. Oh, and there's a couple of buttons here too. So when I move the slider up and down, you can see, I don't have like really great resolution for the slider. It just goes from one to eight, but that could be like good enough.   And then this is an on-off switch. So the idea is that this could be like a little home automation thing that would, you know, has Wi-Fi so it can send sensor data or read stuff or control stuff that you would then connect to like home assistant or something on your Raspberry Pi. So this is still like being thought out. I'm still working on it, but just brought up the hardware this weekend and so far so good. Like the hardware came up, TFT came up. So one thing that's kind of cool is, I don't think, hold on, for the bootloader, oh, I don't think I have the bootloader installed. But when we, I do have the bootloader, we have a TFT screen on the bootloader as well. I thought I got it working. I think I didn't tell it which pin is the bootloader pin. But yeah, so it's gonna be all circuit Python and like sensors and sending over Wi-Fi. So kind of like a little bit like the MagTag, but, you know, with a TFT screen, and it won't be battery powered. You'd have to plug it in because it's, there's too much power being drawn by the TFT. Okay, so that's, it's not how you get it, so don't ask.  Okay, well, I'll do a question real quick if I can answer this one. Sure. One of the Kiko's feedback in stock. We don't know. We don't know when we get them. Here's what I'll say, because I think this is one of those opportunities for how companies can serve their customers and communities better. So you can place an order on other websites and they'll take your money, but you're not getting a Piko because they'll do back orders that can last forever. And then when they come in another store is in other sites, you'll race around to these other sites, then you'll try to cancel your other order and they don't wanna cancel it or maybe you're already charging all the stuff. So I think for the community, one of the things you can do is find websites that handle it maybe like Adafruit does, which is you sign up and you get an email when we get them in stock. And yeah, sometimes we sell it before, you know, you can get a chance to order it. But if you order something on Adafruit, that means it's in stock and we're shipping it unless there's like, you know, some inventory error or something. But like basically we decided let's design Adafruit. So when you're placing the order, it means that it's shipping immediately. We had it in stock. I think one of the things that happens is there's a land grab when Raspberry Pi or even, you know, there's other, I'm supposed to say Raspberry Pi, but there's been other electronics where like, it's been- Like high demand. High demand and we could have done that for some stuff, but we don't do that. Like when we launch a new product, like a MagTag or something like that a lot, it's very popular, people want it. So I think one of the things you could do is support the companies that are only going to ship stuff when they have it in stock and maybe we can move some of the companies to go to that model. So, you know, I think it causes a lot of people to be really mean to customer service people. And I'm not talking about Adafruit. I'm talking about these other companies because they see it on Twitter and everything. And they're like, oh, I bought it. You know, I ordered it two months ago. It still hasn't shipped. Yeah. And they're really mean to everybody. And- It's like a Kickstarter for every product. Yeah. Why would you do that? Yeah. And if you look on Kickstarter, you know, a year goes by and people are like, I invoke my rights. A spell they cast. So one thing you could do is you could just be like, hey, like companies that sell Picos, for instance, why don't you have a sign up list? And when it comes in stock, then- And we're also very fair. We only notify like the number of people that we think would actually purchase it. So like you don't, we try hard to make sure it isn't like, if we get 10 in stock, we're not going to notify a thousand people.    There's a lot of scarcity for electronics right now. There's a lot of problems, just making it a lot for the demand. So I think when you know that, when you know the demand is always going to be higher than the supply, what can you do that reduces the friction and makes it less of a burden on the people who want the thing? Anyways, so- That's what we do. So that's what we do. Yeah. And it's worked out really well. And you know, although you can't, if you place an order on a site that will take back orders, you'll never know when it's gonna ship. If ever, for Adafruit, when you place that order once you get the notification email, you know for sure you're gonna get it. Yes. So, anyways- And we even have a thing where we stash stock. We have always a couple extra in stock that you can't purchase. So if your order like gets lost in the mail or it gets damaged, we can replace it. So we have like a tricks even to make sure that people can get the thing that they want. We do that. So a couple of people are like, yeah, they like their RP2040 feather. They order it and they got it. They signed up for it. It's totally real. We put them in the stores and they got it. And we also like to do things where like if you watch Ask an Engineer and we can put something in stock that's high demand during the show, we do that.  It's good to support the band there. We do that too with Adafruit stuff, JP's product pick of the week. We do a sale live from the product page. So anyways, it's just like, it's just another way to think about how we're doing stuff as a company, as a community.  It's like, if you order it, it's in stock. That's, I think it's, it's honest. And we have distributors and sometimes if we don't have it in stock, check DigiKey, check our other distributors, but like we try to be, there's no like, oh, order now, you'll get it in four to six weeks. It's like, no, it's going to ship in a day or two. Oh, well, this is for not out yet, so you can choose if you want to answer it. For the little smart home thing that you showed off. Yeah. Can it talk to smart speakers or does it need a Raspberry Pi to go in between? It wouldn't, it doesn't do audio on its own, it's just Wi-Fi. If there is an ESP32-S3 World Rover module, probably in six months, eight months, I'll upgrade this to add Bluetooth support, but even then I don't think it has Bluetooth classic, I think it only has Bluetooth flow energy. So you probably have it control your Raspberry Pi, which is running AirPlay, which I think is built into Home Assistant. Like Home Assistant does a lot of this stuff. Okay, what's next? Okay, so next up, absolutely everybody at Everett, except for like me, is really into mechanical keyboards and they kept being like, hey, why don't you make like mechanical keyboard stuff?  And then finally, I'm like, fine, I'll take a look at this stuff. So I started looking at like kale switches and cherry and mech switches and keycaps. These are some parts from a Kibo kit because I was kind of interested like, you know, what's, I know that there's like cherry and mechs and there's like equivalents. And so I just would have to like whatever I design I want to make sure that it's, it's with affordable but good quality. So these are kale switches and keycaps and these are, these are very cute. These are for Pymoroni. And then the technique that they use, a lot of people told me like, oh, check out the kale sockets. And I was like, oh, these are kind of cool. So these are little, because the problem is that like, you know, these you have to hand place and solder them. But what you can do is you can pick and place these little sockets and they're only a few cents a piece, like 10 cents a piece. And then what you can do is you can press fit in a key so here I've got one key press fit but I can, I can show the process. So on underneath of the key, there's this mounting nub, a centering nub and then the two contacts. Normally this is a press fit into a PCB and then selective soldered or hand soldered.  You can see the two nubs go into the socket thingy. It sits quite well. Some switches also have two more centering nubs here. You can see there's one big nub and then two on the side. And then these switches, you know, I'm, I'm, I'm nowhere from not doing RGB blinky stuff. So these switches have little slots. These are normally for like three millimeter LEDs that was soldered through. But what you can do instead of having a through hole LED is you just have, cause this is opaque. It was white plastic is opaque. But if you can have something that shines through, right? You can get RGB, you know, lighting into the key cap, right, which acts as a little bit of a diffuser. So that's kind of cool. And you've seen like mechanical keyboards that do this sort of thing.  They're really popular in keyboards. I was like, oh, well, that's handy. So let's, let's pull these out again. Cause I got these samples and then so this, let me get like really close cause they're so small. So this, this little LED, it's so small. It's actually not focused. So this little LED is, it's a neopixel. This is like the ground data in data out power. And it comes on the real like this actually to pick and place it up and down, right onto the PCB. And the neat thing about these is we see here on this design has a dot star LED on the top, which I'd like to avoid. If possible, it's best for me to be able to have all the components on the bottom because then the keys sit flat, the socket's on the bottom and the LED's on the bottom and I only have to put it through the pick and place once. Like anytime I have to put something through the pick and place twice in the oven, you know, you just, you just took more time. There's more risk of failure. Parts can fall off, parts can come askew. Single sided is the way to go, right? If I can do it. So these could be my little secret, right? Cause this is like just about the right size to fit, you know, to light up through here. In fact, I just sort of dropped it in there to show it. It's like it's the right, you know, if it's centered right underneath this little slot, this NeoPixel, which is quite bright will do a good job lighting it. I even have a, maybe I could wire up a demo real fast because I don't think- So a couple of people have some things about keyboards. Yeah, tell me about your keyboard. Your keyboard dreams. Your keyboard, say, Cherry switches aren't considered that great. The Gatrons? Yeah, there's- Is it Kale's? Kale's. Kale's are way better. And then someone says, gotta try the Kale box series with click bars. Yeah, I'm trying, I'm getting all that stuff. So this is the, this is like very fine wire, but you can see this is, and this is like, you know, not full brightness. So these are quite bright.  Super cool. And then with the diffused diffusion top, this, you know, it'll light up pretty nicely. Not the whole thing, because again, it is only like from one side, but you know, it will light up the key. So I'm liking this. So I'm gonna get a reel of these LEDs, which I showed off earlier. And I was like, oh, like it's just interesting for it. I thought, honestly, I thought that these reverse amount LEDs would be more interesting for some other, there's some other stuff I thought they would be interesting for. Although now that I think of it, you know, maybe I should revise my neotralysis to use these because the 35 by 35 millimeter, 3.5 by 3.5 millimeter neopixel LEDs did cause a little bit of like weirdness if they had to be perfectly centered. And if there's any variation in the elastomers, they were, they're all funky. Anyways, so I'm starting to, you know, put together some pieces. Yes, you know, I might not use literally cherry MXes.  That said, I thought maybe I'd just show off some of the designs that I came up with and then we'll jump into the great search. So let's go to my computer. So the first thing I did is just like the basic breakout, right? Cause I gotta like, I gotta figure out what is my, what's my process here? So, so it's a little tough to see. Maybe I'll turn off the B place a little bit. So this is the top of the switch and this is the switch itself. You can see this is the square part of the switch. And this is that slot that is in the bottom of the key. So this is the mounting hole. This is the socket here. This tab over here, this is the socket and that's why there's a hole here, not a contact is cause it goes through the PCB. This is the slot. So this is actually a cutout and you can even see the four pads of the NeoPixel. So then maybe let's, let's look at the back and flip this around. So this is the back of the PCB. So here you can see the socket. So this is the socket. This is the socket. This is the diode. Just means the diode you put in line just so you could, you can more easily put it in a matrix if you wanted to, although I don't think people will be using this matrix. Basically it was like for two cents I'll put a diode in, why not? This is the reverse mount NeoPixel with this slot. You have to have a cutout. What size cutout? I don't know, I drew this and we'll see how it goes, right? Prototypes and prototypes. And then I sort of made like little breakouts here. This is 0.6 inches apart. So you should be able to breadboard this. And I kind of designed it so that you, you know, you have to connect power and ground, but then the output of one NeoPixel can go to the other one so you can change them together. So this would be for like breadboarding, like a couple keys, just on like a solderless breadboard or a perf board or something. Like a one key breakout. Still a capacitor here.  Then I thought maybe to make a feather wing because that's always good for prototyping. So what did I call this, NeoKey? I'm still thinking of a name, but I kind of came up with NeoKey just so I can have a power. So far, no objections to NeoKey. Okay, look, I don't know. We're gonna talk about it. We had ideas. So this is a two key feather wing. Three keys doesn't fit. And I wanted it to be within the feather wing shape. So you can see one key here, one key here. You know, they're 0.75 inches apart. Same KL socket over here. KL socket over here. NeoPixel, NeoPixel, key A, key B. They're connected by default to pins, you know, five, six, nine, but you can cut the traces and then wire them to whatever doesn't break out for every pad.   And then if you really want, you know, put two feather wings side by side in doubler and you can wire them up to different pins. So this is just a little, like a double key. And then Phil recommended doing a four key thing. So this is four keys in a row. Whoops, that totally didn't work out. So this is four keys. And this is a STEMA QT breakout. So what I'm gonna do is have a seesaw chip, a little SAM-D10, that'll take I-Squared-C commands, read them, convert them to NeoPixel and keypad reads. So like you'll be able to read the four keys and write the four NeoPixels over I-Squared-C. And the reason I am doing seesaw and not like an AW like 95, 23 or other GPIO expander is because I want to have a lot of address pins so that people could have like eight of these basically. I just wanna have like a ton of address pins so that they can have a lot of these chained together so you could, you know, make like custom grids of any size really. And I was, I wanted to do this instead of like having like 15 different sizes of like keys. I feel like a one by four, it's like you could then make, you know, one by eights or like four by fours or three by fours, you could kind of like go to town. And then just chain them together with Stema, which would be like so cute and then change the address and you're good to go. So those are my three ideas to start with. So I'll get those going. I'll probably start with just the single breakout just to like, you know, work out the socket and like how to pick in place and source and this is like reverse NeoPixel Mount thing. So that's kind of what I'm doing there. So any questions before we get into the great search? Yeah, it looks like the NeoKey name and reminds them of NeoGeo, NeoKeyo, DuoKeyo, QuattroKeyo. Yeah, okay. All right, cool. Well, we rambled for a bit. So let's go, let's get on to the great search. Where are you? All right. Every single week, LadyAda and DigiKey bring you the great search. This is where LadyAda uses her powers of engineering to use the DigiKey site. This segment's brought to you by DigiKey, thank you, DigiKey. LadyAda, what is the great search this week? I'm glad you're asked. This week, we just talked about designing some Cherry MX compatible switch projects working on this NeoKey prototype. And I want to get started quickly. And so to make sure that this stuff all works with Cherry MX switches, I was like, oh, I should just pick up a couple Cherry MX switches. You know, I'm going to put in a DigiKey order tomorrow. I'll just toss in some Cherry MX switches. And I realized like, hey, I should show people you can get Cherry MX switches from DigiKey. You don't have to like go to a special keyboard site, support your local keyboard site, but you can also just add a couple to your DigiKey order. You can also get sockets, and I'll show this off as well. So, you know, this search in particular is not going to be that exciting because you just type in Cherry MX and I just search the phone and stuff. Yeah, there's kind of like, it's it. So there's a couple of different switches and here's the options you have in stock and you're probably like, what's the difference between these? Well, some of them have like a little panel mount lip it looks like, but there's basically the clicky type and the non-clicky type. And blue is clicky. So if you go over here, you can even see audible click is the type for the blues, the blue stem, and then black or linear. And they have a lot in stock and what I also thought was cool is they have, they have the 3D, the 360 view. So you can like, this is kind of neat. You can like rotate this around so you can see the bottom. They're a really nice 3D model. So for the, oh, it's interesting. This has, you can even see there's a little marking on the bottom that's like for the diode. And then nice mechanical diagrams. I will say like not all keys have really good mechanical diagrams, the Cherry MX's do. There's also, like I said, the blue type. So for these, they have a clicking sound and you can like pick them up, they're basically like 70 cents a piece and you can kind of get like tens of thousands immediately. So if you just need a lot of Cherry MX switches and they're like genuine cherries, you are super set. Another thing I saw while I was looking for switches is people on some like keyboard reddits talking about sockets for these. So you can actually, you know, instead of soldering in the pins directly, you can solder in these like ultra slim Milmax sockets and then use those as mechanical sockets to place and replace your keys.  So there are two series you wanna look for. It's the Milmax 7305s and the 7305s Oh, hold on, I told you, Milmax 7305, that's weird. Let me try the main search, Milmax 7305. Oh, I can't type. Fourth time's a charm, Max 7305. Why is it taking me to the LED? Weird, okay. Anyways, maybe excited to have a dash. But the Milmax, so, you know, they're not designed for use with the Cherry MXes, but they work great. So these, the 7305 series are the gold plate ones.  Some people really want the gold plate, you know, I get it, let me try, if you just go to terminals, pin receptacles, and I search for Milmax and then under series, I'll select 73. 05 and then 03, oh my goodness, there are so many pins. 0305, they're really similar but yeah, one's gold and one's tin, you'll pay more for the gold and then you can get different contact finish thickness. I don't think you really need more than 10 micro inches, but let me see what's available. So in stock, you can get the 7305, let me see this one. Oh, they're actually both gold finish, one is, oh, they're different lengths, so there's ones that are a little bit longer, but this is the one that I pretty much saw when linking to. So if you're gonna pick up the Cherry MX switches and you want to hot swap them, pick up also the 7305-0-1515, 4727-10 or the DigiKey part which is much shorter, it's the ED-1039 ND from Milmax and you'll need two of these per switch, but the good news is you don't have to change the footprint that much, I think you just want to make the hole, like the hole is just a little bit larger, but this looks like, let's look at the datasheet. Let's see if that downloaded, nope. Oh, no, it's probably gonna have my app blocker. But if you, sorry, for the inner diameter, you'll just want to make sure that when you're using these with your switches that the switch pins have to be square, they can't be rectangular, so for example, like Kale and other switches won't fit as well because these, if you look, they're like, they really need to be like a square pin connector, but for Tri-MX, which is apparently they work really great, so those are my two recommendations. You know, I basically was looking for these anyways to put together my keypad design, so I'm gonna pick up some of these, I'm gonna try out these quick sockets, you do have to hand place them, but then you can solder them in place and a lot of people use these for existing keyboards that they want to turn into hot swap keyboards and that's my great search. All right. All right, some follow-ups. Okay. Maybe this can be for your future one, how does one find a two millimeter to 2.54 millimeter header converter, be for a future one, or you can use- Oh, well we have these cables that you can use. There's no real converter, but you can, I think we have these two millimeter socket cable, I don't remember what it was called. Yeah, these, I use these, I mean like- Okay. They're okay. Did that search also cover Cherry-Compatible? I don't think the Digikey stocks Cherry-Compatible, I couldn't find any, but they definitely had like genuine Cherry-MXs because they, people have been using them, before mechanical keyboards, people have been using them for all sorts of like interfaces. Dang, she did not download. They're weird. I'm clicking it, it won't download for me. All right, well, calling it here. Yeah. All right. That's our show for the Sunday. Thanks everybody. It's gonna be a clicky time, so stay tuned and you'll see as I design these fun keyboard accessories and send over your favorite keyboard projects. Yeah, we'll have stuff for feathers, for Pico's, for RP2040's, you name it, we'll have it, stay tuned. See everybody during the week on all the shows and thanks for supporting me for it. Thanks everybody. Bye bye.


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