I think we are ready to go. We want to wait for a few minutes. I see about 16 participants now that's including us. So I think we'll give it a minute or two and then we can start. Sure, no issues. Meanwhile, I'll request the participants to just add their name in the chat box. I see four of them who have added other than that. Can I request others to also add their names? I think we can start the session. Yeah, sure. So I believe my screen is visible to you all. Yes, it is. Yeah. So first of all, I would like to thanks Team NPTEL for this opportunity to interact with the NPTEL toppers basically. So in this next few next 45 minutes, I will walk you all through the ANSYS platform, which is there for the free courses. And also about the engagement and how you can utilize this engagement to earn the free badge along with free batch to showcase it on the social media professional network sites and get recognized by the recruiters. So to start with, I would like to... So in this 45 minutes, as I mentioned, I will walk you through the introduction of ANSYS, a brief overview. Then I will walk you through the courses and tracks demo followed by the process to claim the free badge. Sorry, seems that there is some issue. Sir, good morning. Yeah. Yeah, can I log off and just can I join back? There is some issue from my side. Yeah, sure. Just permitted. Yeah. So just to brief you about the ANSYS. ANSYS is when it comes to the simulation industry, we are the world leaders and ANSYS is a number one engineering simulation software and it's a gold standard in every market. We're into this industry from more than 50 years. And basically if we have to, if you can see the industries which we are serving, then almost all the industries from mechanical, aerospace, chemical, physics, biomedical, electrical, electronics, energy, marine engineering from all the industries basically we are serving. And these are the few of the companies which are leveraging our platform. So you can take the name of any of the company from the any of the domain. They are using our platform for their products. So now to basically just to start with, since you know actually ANSYS is having the innovation courses. So as of now, we have more than 350 plus free engineering courses, which are basically focusing on the fluid structure electronics, the mission engineering, Python materials. So from all the domains, there are award-winning self-paced engineering courses on the ANSYS platform. And for these courses ANSYS offers the certifications and course completion badges for these certifications. So as of now we are offering the certifications from the fluid structures and electronics background at three levels. So we do have certification at the three levels like associate level certification, professional level certification, simulation level certifications. And at the same time, we do offer the course completion badges and the track completion badges. So these badges are hosted on the Gradle platform. So those who want to those who take these badges, they can add these badges to their LinkedIn profiles. They can use it as the email signatures. They can even use those badges to share with the potential recruiters as well. So I will just quickly show you how you can add these badges and how exactly it looks like on your profile. So here is a sample from the LinkedIn and here you can check how these badges can be added and how it looks like. So under your profile, if you go into the license certifications, you can add this and anyone who is visiting your profile, they can simply click on show credentials and they will be able to see what kind of credentials you have earned from the ANSYS or any of the certification. And at the right side, you can see the sample certificate which will be given to you as a part of this batch. So you will get two things with these badges. One will be the digital batch and other will be a downloadable certificate which can be kept for the reference and even you can print it out for your any of the needs which are basically for the physical handovers as well. So this is a sample of certificates and badges. So I will now quickly go on the platform and I will show you how this platform looks like and how you can actually take the courses, how you can utilize the badges and that thing. So I believe my screen is visible to you all right. Yes. Yeah. So here you can see just to utilize these offerings you need to go on the courses dot ANSYS dot com. So on the courses dot ANSYS dot com. You will see the lot of stuff provided here if you can if you see at the left side, you will see the different different spaces like we do have a community space, learning space support space educator hub marketplace career space and the maker space as well. So in the community space in the community space you will see the forum you will see the feed section as well so you can you will get an opportunity to interact with the peers from the globe for those who are into the simulation industry. Then if you go into the learning, you will see the free courses so here in front of our screen, you can see these are the free innovation courses from the more different different domains like here you can see the courses from fluids courses from structures. 3D design, photonics, materials, electronics, there are dedicated courses for student teams, the courses from STAME, Python, all these courses are freely available on the courses dot ANSYS dot com site. So just to give you a quick demo of one of the course from the fluids I would like to give a two demos here, one will be from the fluids and one will be from the structures. So if you click on any of the domain, you will see the list of courses here. So all these are freely available. I will just show you the one course if you have to take one course, simply need to click on learn more, and you will see the interface of the single course how exactly it looks like. So here you can see the intro to intro to heat transfer includes. So for this, the each course starts with a overview video, maybe a minute or a two minute session so here, here we cover the, it's like some science is innovation course, we will learn about the fundamentals of heat transfer from H back systems to electronics cooling from power generation to food preparation heat transfer is everywhere. In fact, the very existence of life on earth depends on the heat from the sun. In this course, we will start by discussing some fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, understand the different modes of heat transfer. And finally, yeah, so this is the overview. And if you see the course content, each course consists of the multiple lessons. So some in some of the cases, the lessons will be for in some of the cases, the cases, the lessons will be ranging from four to 10. So if you go into the if you click on any of the lesson, you will see that each course starts with an interesting video relating to the concept. So if I will just show you for the intro to intro to heat transfer employers. So here you can actually imagine what is how the heat transfer works. So this will help you to boost you to relate your concepts to the real world application. Also, we have provided the second application here also you can relate the application of heat transfer. So as I mentioned to you after the after the initial video after the initial overview videos, we do provide the lessons it's a actual course material in a video format it is hosted on the YouTube as well as where the YouTube is banned or those in any of the organizations who is not working, then we also have alternate video link you can access it from here. So I will show you how interactive the lessons are on the liquid. If I can, can anybody please confirm if the audio is also audible. Yes. Yeah, so I will just show you the content how it is like a metal to enhance heat transfer in the system. Heat exchanger uses the external air to cool down the liquid that passes through the engine so that we can avoid overheating heat exchangers are used in petrochemical and chemical plants and even in a common refrigerator. Many homes in cold climates use furnaces to heat the rooms simply heating air and using air ducts to distribute the air in all the rooms. Boilers are typically used to heat up and supply hot water. They can also be used to provide steam for heating. Another common application of heat transfer is the thermal power plants. In these plants, the heat generated by burning coal or natural gas or even by nuclear reactions is used to produce steam from water. The high pressure steam is then used to move generators to produce electricity. Nowadays, we are surrounded by electronic products such as smartphones and computers. Their internal components naturally heat up during operation. This is a byproduct of the resistance of circuitry that the electric current has to encounter. Electronic cooling is extremely important to avoid overheating and maintain the electronics operation. It can be a serious challenge in tightly packed electronics like smartphones where heat cannot be removed using fans. The sun is another source of heat transfer. Photovoltaic panels or solar heating are examples of applications where the heat transfer is mostly due to solar irradiation. For example, the solar towers in solar thermal plants use glass reflectors to concentrate the sunlight onto the top of the tower that would heat up the water inside and generate steam. Heat transfer is not only a terrestrial thing. We can still have heat transfer in outer space. The only mode of heat transfer through vacuum is radiation. Satellites and spacecrafts can only shed internally generated heat through radiation and this poses several challenges in the design of such vehicles. Now that we have a broad view of applications of heat transfer, let us move to the next lessons to learn the theory of heat transfer. So if you have observed each of the lessons are designed in an interactive way and even you can relate while learning you can relate with the real world applications as well. So if you can see the structure, the course starts with the overview video followed by the lecture video. Then we do provide the written like the handouts as well we used to provide. If you can see it here it's a printable handouts in a PDF format. So whatever the lessons we are learning all the reading materials related to that concepts are provided into the course. Similar way we do have a multiple lessons and if you go into the lesson one lesson to lesson three, if you go into the simulation example, so along with the each course we have provided the simulation simulation examples as well. So simply you can click on any of the simulation example. I will see the overview followed by the setup. So basically we have provided the mesh files here. We simply need to download the mesh files and you can run these simulations into the free student version to run the simulation into the free ANSI software. You simply need to go through this setup. So here you can see the setup how you can import the mesh files, how you can run the simulation and how you can interpret the results as well. And after that we also provided the results of the particular simulation. Here you can see in each of the course there are there are simulation examples ranging from one to three. Here we here there are two simulation examples along with the one homework problem. So as an assignment for this course we also provide the homework. So in this homework you simply need to download the mesh file and you have to perform the simulation at your own by using the free student software. So this way the one course gets complete and at the end of the course there may be a quiz associated with the particular lesson. So whatever things you have learned into the course based on that there are a few questions ranging from five to ten questions are there for the quizzes which are there with the course. So this quiz is basically for testing the knowledge retention. And once you finish the course once you finish the lessons simulation examples and the quizzes then you will be completing a single course which is available which is on which is from the particular domain. So similar way I would like to quickly show you another course which is from the structures background that is a model analysis. So for that also the pattern remains the same. So here you can see the when you click on the course it will show you a video followed by the lessons. And if you go into the lesson again you will see the overview video basically you can relate to the real world application of model analysis. There are two videos basically followed by the lecture video and more complex dynamic simulations are based on the natural frequencies. Here we see a wind turbine. How will the wind turbine blades react to wind gusts? The wind excitation of the blade is random in nature and the study of this type of dynamics is called random vibration because the excitation response will be random and we will need to use statistical means to compute the expected vibration of the blade. But looking at this wind blade what deformation shapes can we expect? And do we think that one particular shape will dominate? Let's think of the blade as a cantilever beam which is fixed at the base. By running a model analysis we can answer these questions. Here we see the first or primary flapwise bending mode. Now we see the first edgewise bending mode and here is the second flapwise bending mode. There are actually many more modes but right now we are just looking at the first few. Now the dynamic response of the blade to the wind will be a combination of the natural frequencies with varying amounts of contribution from each of the modes as in the random vibration simulation of the blade we briefly touched on. We'll go more in depth on the topic of model analysis in that lesson as we'll explore more advanced topics on dynamics such as our lessons on mode superposition and harmonic analysis. So here you can see that for this another lesson also the pattern remains the same. The lesson with overview video followed by the lecture video and followed by the handouts. So you can refer these reading materials as well and here also it comes with the homo can simulation problems along with the quizzes. So you simply need to download the mesh files. You can run this simulation at your own and at the end you can attempt for the quiz as well. So here is a quiz. We need to attempt this quiz for the testing the knowledge retention. So this is the pattern actually with all more with most of the courses which are there on the courses or answers dot com. So this is the pattern for the single course which you have seen which I have just demonstrated to you. So now we will move towards the learning tracks basically the learning tracks are the are the core of this offering. So what exactly we are offering to you all of you is the learning track. So badges for the learning tracks. So simply you need to from the courses dot answers dot com simply when you go on the course dot answers dot com you simply need to move on the learning track stab mentioned here. And from here you can see all the learning I will have a learning track. So basically I will brief I will just tell you what exactly is the learning track so learning track is the series of predefined courses. Which are available here just to streamline your learning experience. So if you're seeing the free course in the free courses there are courses which are which are not streamlined anyone can go with the single course as well. But suppose someone wants to have the predefined set of learning and want to master into a particular concept then they will they can go with the learning track. So here you can see there are there are 44 learning text currently and you can simply based on your interest you can simply select the domain domain of your choice and you will see the learning tracks from that domain. So if you select on the fluid fluid learning track you will see all the available learning tracks here and we'll just see one sample how exactly it looks like and how you can complete the courses to earn the badge. So if you can see it here this is a learning tracks on the basics of your dynamics and here also you will see the overview video for this learning track. And here you can see the here you can see the number of courses associated with this learning track. So just now the demo of the one course we have seen similar way these are the different different courses like you have to take if you have to complete this learning track. You have to go to go through these seven courses mentioned on the side. So once you here you will see the option of take this course and once you click on take this course it will be unlocked and you can take or take it you can you need to complete all the courses associated with this learning track. So similar way you can also choose the other learning track. In this case whatever the courses in whatever the course you have topped you can just select the associated learning track and complete complete each track complete each course sorry. So you can see it here for the structures also you simply need to go on the course and you have to complete all the courses so for the last. Learning track there were seven courses if you see this learning track here are eight courses. So to earn the badge you have to make sure that you will be completing all these courses to on the badge. So once you finish all these courses you simply need to click on by batch by batch is the option which is at the end of the learning track I will again show it to you. So once you complete all the courses once you complete all the courses it will show the percentage like 100% once this percentage or 100% you simply need to click on the by batch option. So it will redirect you to the marketplace website so marketplace is a website which is basically for transact for doing the transaction. It's as simple as we do the transactions on any of the marketplace like the flip card Amazon these kind of things the way we used to do the transaction similar well so you have to do the transaction here just make sure that whenever you will be on the redirect on the marketplace you are logged in with the email ID so make sure that you are using the same email ID which you have used on the courses dot answers dot com. So it will automatically fetch your details from course dot answers dot com but if not then make sure that you are logged in on to the platform. So it will show you the co it will show you basically I will just take another which it's already taken so show you the whole process I will just take the another one. So here you can see that I have not taken this learning track so it will show the progress is 27% 23% 21% so make sure that you will complete all this 100% and then you will click on the by batch option. Here you can see yes you simply need to add you just make sure that the same product which you have taken is displaying on the screen. And I will just add to cart once you add to cart click on the view cart option. Here it will it will ask you for the payment option so here you need to add the coupon code so the coupon code which will be provided by the NPTEL to all of you. So this coupon code you need to enter here and hit apply coupon. So once you apply the coupon the value will be zero the transaction amount will be will change to zero once it amount this amount changes to zero click on proceed it will ask you for the deemed export check so you need to choose the proper option which is suitable for you. So it will ask you for the order confirmation. So you need to fill a first time when you are visiting to this platform, you need to fill out the one time process like name and the address. This is the one time process for the next orders next iterations system will automatically pick up that you pick up your data and here you can see the subtotal is 12,000 and the coupon applied for 12,000 total amount will change to zero. So you simply need to click on I agree and you have to proceed. Okay, so then it will ask for the order confirmation. You simply need to click on place order. Just for a minute it says the issue with the coupon code. Sorry for the story. This seems to be an issue actually with the site. Sorry for that. This seems to be issue with the track but I will just show you were on the place order place order page. So once we click on the place order it will show you the details of your order.  So once you click on the place order, so you will see this page where you will where you can review the order details and the payment details as well. So this window will appear once you click on place order. And now once the transaction is completed, you will receive an email from the greatly that you have received a badge from answers. So I believe my you are able to see emails email template in front of your screen. Yeah, so here you can simply say if you have completed all the courses and if you have completed the transaction then you will receive the email from greatly to claim your badge. So you need to simply click on the link. This email will look like look like this and you simply need to click on simply to click on the link. It will redirect you to the cradle. If you are a new user, you need to create an account with the very basic details but make sure that you will use the same email ID which you have used for taking the courses and doing the transaction. Here you can see this is the cradle platform and under the cradle platform. You will see the badges. What are the badges you have earned? You will see all those badges. So here is a track completion badge basically and even you can check out for the other badges as well. You simply need to click on the track completion badge. And if you have to share this badge to your if you want to add this batch to a professional networks, you simply need to click on share. And here you can select the LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, whatever you want to share. You simply need to click on that particular site. It will ask you for the password. It will ask you for the login credentials and this will be added to your profile. So it will ask you. So I have already added. So I will just show it to you how it will look like. So if you go into the license and certifications, it will show you here. So here is the answers track completion. Physics of structural mechanics and it will be it will be digital credentials. So if anyone clicks on there, you will see that you have completed this track. And now you do have a skills on answers. You have a skills on answers mechanical and you have a skill on structural mechanics as well. So it's a digital variable. And even you can download the certificate which I have shown to you. I will just show you the certificate. So here if you click on the download certificate, you can download the certificate as well. So this is the certificate. So you will be getting the certificate for the answers innovation courses track completion and whatever the track you have completed, you will get certified for that. So this is what exactly is the offering. This is what exactly are the track completion badges we are offering to the we're offering to the NPTEL toppers basically. Yeah, and just I would like to also because I was I was just looking at the registration. There are few educators as well. The professor also there faculty are also there. I just want to quickly let them give a brief overview of the answers educator hub. So if you can excuse me sir. Yeah, sure. Sure. Can you please so once again how to apply the coupon? Sure, sure. Definitely. Yeah. Yeah. So this is the this is the page of the track completion badge. You simply need to click on buy badge. This seems to be an issue with the site. I think I will just show you the manually because we have captured the process into the media format for all of you. So if you can see it here, so once you will be once you click on buy badge, you will be redirect on this page. This will be a product page. You simply need to click on add to cart. Once you click once you hit add to cart, it will show you the window on right side. You simply need to click on view cart option here. I hope the it's visible to you all. Yeah. Right. Yes. Yeah. So here you simply need to put the coupon code here. So once you click on view card, it will it will ask for the entry in the coupon code. So you simply need to apply the coupon code. Once you apply the coupon code, the value of the transaction will be zero. It will ask you for the deemed export check. Then it will confirm the order details and you need to simply proceed further. Yeah. So once you click on place order, this will just show you the order details. And then you will receive the badge on your email. Yeah. I hope it's clear to you. Right. Okay, sir. Okay. Thank you. Yeah. So if you have any other questions out there, I can take it up. Yeah. Hello, sir. Yes. Is there any time validity to use this coupon? Yeah. Basically, we recommend, recommend to use this coupon course within a month of time. But as of now, actually for the track completion, we don't have any, once you finish the track, you can go with the transaction actually. We highly recommend to take the courses within one month of time. Yeah. So will they be able to complete within a month? Yeah, they will be able to complete a month. So after a month, they can use the coupon. Yeah. Once they complete all the courses associated with the track, then they will be able to Yeah. But each track will have different set of courses, but you're saying on an average in a month's time, they should be able to complete. Yes. Yes. So basically, any time commitment on a daily basis, how much the max they should be just to check for them to have an idea whether they'll be able to take me an hour every day or how does it work if you can even in terms of hours. Sure. So basically, these are the self-paced courses. So it will be based on your choice itself. So if they have a time, even they can complete within one and a half hour will be sufficient maybe on a daily basis. And to set up the simulation and to run the simulation at their own. It may take some extra time basically. But for the lessons, it may not take more than an hour time. But for the setting up the simulation to run the simulation, analyze the results. It may take some time. Okay. No, any particular track they should be able to complete within a month's time. If they give even say half an hour to one hour daily. Is that what you think? Yes. Yes. Yeah. And the coupon for it will be giving separately, right? Yeah. We'll be providing the... Yeah. Basically, we need the details of the users for that. Sure. Yeah. How many courses need to be completed to earn a refund badge? So whatever the course is associated with the particular learning track. As I shown to you, these are the learning tracks. So whatever the learning track you choose, whatever the courses are associated with I will just again show it to you. So if you select the course, if you select the learning track from the fluids and if you want to take the basics of fluid dynamics, then there are courses, then there are seven courses which you have to take, which you have to complete. And after completing the seven courses, you will be able to earn the badge. You will be able to complete the track and you can proceed for the transaction. Yeah. If someone wish to complete some two or three such sets, actually he can manage two badges also in a month's time. Basically, that will be another offering that will be for the individual courses. Like if you go into the individual courses, you will see that basically the courses which are provided into the learning tracks, these courses are from the individual packet only. Like for the basics of, as you mentioned, if you want to take the two badges, then it will go with another offering that is the course completion badge that is not included with the offers for topper. Here the offer is for the whole track completion. And for the single track completion, there is a different costing and we are working with NPTEL as well. We are interested to offer the discount. So as of now, there is a for the single track completion, 1200 is the power, 1200 is the pricing, but certainly in coming days we will be offering certain discounts for the NPTEL learners. And there you can utilize that coupon code for the individual badges as well. So it will be at certain price. But if you see the track completion badge, it costs 1200 rupees, it is freely available for the toppers. Is there anyone who can take up? Anyone? Yeah, anyone, not anyone, but let's say if you have top, if you have completed the course from the fluid domain, if you are a topper from the fluid domain in the NPTEL course, we have mapped that course against the learning track. And that learning track, you can take it. So you will be having for the same content which you have learned, you will get the two certifications. One will be from the NPTEL, another one will be from the OEM, that is ANSYS. Yeah. Yeah, just to answer your question, I think Dr. Suresh, right? Yeah, so I think just a minute. I think you are a topper of a particular course. Can you just tell me that course name? Yeah, the basic materials. Materials engineering. So what ANSYS has done is the materials engineering course, it has been mapped with their track, which is intro to materials science. Yeah, so that particular track completion, if you do, you will be eligible for that course. So each of you, I will share the details. What we'll do is one on one, we can kind of get in touch with the students. So our learners, what we can say is for that particular, we will let you know which is the track completion that you need to do. I'll work with Mayesh and share that mapped course track with you. So just for the doctor, actually, so if you can see for the intro to material science, we have four courses in a single track. You need to complete these four courses. Upon completing these four courses, you will get the badge.  I thought I should share it with you. Yeah. Sir, is it possible that if I am in the top of engineering mechanics course from NPTF, can I get certificate learning from fluids? As of now, it's not possible actually because we have mapped the learning tracks and but certainly we can take your concentration. We can take your request to concentration and I will get back to you on this with Jebala. Thank you, sir. So is there any questions? Hello, sir. Have you already sent the coupons or we are supposed to get in future? Yeah, you will get by end of the day. Maybe from Jebala. I will share it with Jebala by today and you will get those coupons course by today itself. Yeah. And also we will be sharing that document which we can again refer for making the transaction and earning the badge. I will share the document as well. That will be helpful. Thank you. Okay, sir. Thank you. We want that document also, sir, so that we can order for the. Sure. I will share with Jebala. Yeah. So next steps will be for you, people. Most of you have already completed the NPTEL course and got the TOPPER certificate, right? For that corresponding course, what is the map answers course? I will share details with you where you can raise as a query to me and my colleague Chitra. Chitra, you are already aware. She shared with you the meeting link. She has also shared with you the form for registration. So she is the point of contact. You can kind of direct your queries to her. So each of you would have completed the NPTEL course and corresponding course. We will let you know along with the link and also we will share the screenshot which Mr. Mahesh has shared during the presentation today. You will share those steps also, how to go about it. So along with that, you can complete that particular mapped course track, which is answers course track and you can kind of then we will stay in touch after you complete, we will also stay in touch and provide you the coupon code separately. Once you complete those courses on answers courses. Are there any other questions? If not, I just want a minute time of just I just want to emphasize on one of the space actually, which is there on the same site. There's educator space. So this is basically for the faculties. So faculties can go and take the learning resources and they can incorporate these resources into the teaching. So as of now we do have resources from the structure fluid electronics and the material domain and you simply need to go on the educator hub and you can find the resources. You can download the presentations. You can download the webinars seminars and even you can incorporate this into your teaching as well. So it will complement your existing teaching methodology as well. So this is something I just want to highlight from my end. Good afternoon sir. Good afternoon. I'm Arnab. I'm a postgraduate, a final year postgraduate student of applied optics, engineering, photonic specialization. So actually I'm using for the last one year I'm using ZMAX software for optical designing, but currently I stopped by giving the free student license. Is there any way I can... So my current license will be expired I think by the end of August. Is there any way I can get the free student license? Currently I'm a graduate postgraduate student. Yeah. So to answer your question actually as of now for the ZMAX and the numerical we don't have any student version currently. Yeah. So sorry for that. We do have student version for the fluids and other other softwares we do have the student version for the numerical and the ZMAX. We are yet to come up with the student version. Yeah. So it's... What is the student version provided? I mean currently I'm using the student version only. Yeah. It may be a trial version which is the whole package, but as of now the student version is not there. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Hello sir. Yes. Sir, are these courses being certified by ANSYS or NPTA? These courses will be certified by ANSYS. Okay. Yeah. As you might have seen that there is a certificate. If you see the sample certificate you will see the certification by ANSYS. Yeah. Yeah. We do have some certifications as well apart from the learning marks and these are basically on a chargeable basis, but in coming days we are also planning to offer the discount rate, discounted certificates to the NPTEL users. Yeah. NPTEL learners basically. So there are 17 certificates from the three categories like associate level certification, simulation and the professional certifications. So these certificates are chargeable basis, but definitely we are doing the very good, very good discounts for the NPTEL learners so that they can take the certification as well. So for this certification they will have to go the certification examination. So for the learning tracks and the single course completion there is no exam, but when it comes to the certifications there is a certain examination which you need to complete within stipulated time. So that offering is also there, but this is for the all NPTEL learners. It's not freely available. Yeah. Yes. It is free for NPTEL topers. Certificate you are talking? Yes. Certificate. No. So now actually for the first year we are offering the track completion badges at a free of cost. Maybe for the next year we will think to offer a few, to the selected topers, we can certainly offer some free certificates, but it is not yet finalized. For this year just learning tracks are freely available, not certificates. And how much is cost for advanced level? For the, as of now the least pricing for the certification is around 40,000 including the taxes, but definitely there will be very good discount for the NPTEL learners on the least pricing. Yeah. So if you have to explore the pricing you simply need to refer the document which will be shared to you. There you will get an access to the marketplace site and here on the marketplace site you will explore the certification. You can explore the certifications and you can see the prices as well. So 30,000 to 50 is the price for the professional certification and for the associate for the basic certification the pricing is around 21,000. Yeah. But there will be a very good discount for the NPTEL. If they are interested there will be a discount on the certification. How much discount rate will be given? Yeah, we are there to finalize on that. These are the operational things there to finalize, but no, but this is for future. What is currently available? We have already shown that is the cost completion track. You are already a topper of a particular course that is mapped to a particular course of answers. If you finish that course track, there will be a couple of courses like three to four courses. If you finish that you get the badge free and the worth of those badges are around 12,000. Yes, it's 12,000, 12,000. Yeah. So that is what the session is about that how you will be able to avail those cost completion badges. Yeah. Mahesh, there are some questions in the chat. Can you address those? Sure. Fundamental of Optics course give access to ZMAX. Okay. So for the ZMAX course actually, if you can see there is no student version is available. So as of now there is no need, as of now the course itself doesn't need to have the access to the software. So the content if you see, you will see the user interface of ZMAX and all the things. But as of now actually, we are not offering any kind of ZMAX software itself. Yeah. And I just, I just, sorry, I just missed to mention one more thing, which is, which is a part of this offering itself. So if you go with the wherever the free student version is available along with the track completion badges, we are also providing the 20 free cloud hours for this particular software. So even if you don't have any kind of, even you don't have any kind of, what you can say, system requirements, you can simply go with the cloud, which is provided, which is being provided with the track completion itself. Yeah. So that's something I missed to mention. Profile entering into the track. We need to make learners profile. So to work with this, to work with this, should we download the student version? Yeah, actually. So you need to, you can download the student version and you can run the simulation there. But if you don't have the system, which, which is compatible to install the student version, we are also providing the 20 cloud hours with the free track itself. Yeah. Yeah. So using, using, using that we can complete this. Yes. Yes. Using that you can simply complete that. Yeah. That will be added benefit to wherever the student version is available. We need to make learners profile for entering into the track. No, it will be automatically, if you are creating the profile on courses.anses.com, it will fetch all the details automatically, even into your track completion batch, even into your certificate. You need not to enter anything manually. You simply need to create a profile on courses.anses.com. I hope I answered your question. Yeah. Sir. Yeah. My colleagues having the license of answers. Can I know how to download the license? So if your college is having the license and definitely you have to be in your lab to access the software. Yeah. But for this particular offering, you need not to visit in your college itself. If you have your own system, you can download the student version and you can turn the simulation at your own. You need not to have necessarily the commercial version or the one which is purchased by your college. Yeah.  So it will be the same. So should the answers will be the same email as the NPTEL email. You can use it. No issues. Yeah. So if you are registered with NPTEL with the one email ID, you can use the same email ID for the answers as well. Yeah. But it's not mandatory for for. It's not mandatory, but it is easier for us to track. Yes. If you can use the same email ID, please do. But just just make sure that whichever email ID you are so going to use, provide the same email ID to the NPTEL team like Jabala because we are restricting the coupon codes to the email ID which are which we are getting from the NPTEL. So it's not like that. You are getting a coupon and you will be able to use the email ID which you are providing. The coupon code will be restricted to that particular email ID only. It cannot be used by the other persons. Yeah. Other email ID. Sorry. So you want to see the learning resources. Sure. So if you go on to the so if you go on to the left side, you will see the different spaces and there is a space called educator hub. So this is the educator hub which you can refer. It's in a development stage, but you will find the very good resources. As of now we are providing the learning free learning resources from the fluid structure electronics and materials background. Yeah. So you can see here. There are education resources. There are additional resources as well. So there are text books which you can download. There is a video content apart from the AIC. There are interesting video contents which you can incorporate. There are webinars on demand and there are other resources. So you can you can just refer to this and you can even include into your curriculum as well. Yeah. These resources are not just from the answers. These resources are from the what you can say from the apart from answers as well there are resources. So it will not be restricted to the answers only. So whatever the resources for the simulation available into the market at free of cost we have gathered all those here under the Educator Hub. So it's the same. You need to just when you go on the courses.anses.com you simply need to navigate on the Educator Hub to get access to it. Yeah. So is there any questions for me? If you are done with the questions any feedback anyone would like to share how this was useful to you or something we can share and we can close the meeting. Yeah. It has from my side to empathy other answers. Thank you. Yeah. Thank you. It's okay. I just thought if you can add something that how it will add value to you it will be useful for our knowledge. I mean empathy is always my partner in learning because whatever I need I can get from there and from very Educator your practical life I've always used N6 for whenever I use simulations and for my designing concepts so yes it will be very useful then I will get recognition for that knowledge and practical scenarios. Okay. Thank you. Anyone else? Thank you NPTEL and Ansys for giving the opportunity currently I'm working on optical system design so the course I have completed optical engineering it was really helpful for me and hopefully these answers will be helpful for me I will be able to learn a lot Thank you NPTEL and Ansys Thank you Thank you There is some there is some feedback on the chat also Thank you Okay then I think we are on time and 12 so I think we will close the session Thank you madam One more message Hopefully we will receive the mails with all the details One is the steps that Mr. Mahesh covered that we will share it with you because it's generic for all so we will share it as part of whoever attended today's session you will receive it on your email that these are the steps but further to that the course mapping I thought should I share all the course mapping with everyone or it makes sense for you to kind of you know based on your course you can raise a query and we can provide you the details of which is dance or I think I'll provide along with the steps itself so it will have all the courses so if you're a topper of particular course you pick accordingly the corresponding Ansys course completion I will share both and based on that you can kind of finish it and then reach reach back to us saying that I've completed this and you know you will do it individually with the user so you can kind of reach out to Chitra who is here in the Chitra can you add your email on the chat box once again you would have already received emails from her all the learners but she'll just paste it on chat you can just note it you can reach out to us after you complete the course the corresponding Ansys course track and say that you've completed and we will reach out to you with the core to purchase on the marketplace that we shared the details of all the courses if possible permit don't restrict the subject which we have talked to other subjects also just if you can allow us that's so currently we have started off with this adding more courses I will have to we will we will definitely explore that that is the second step so we will start with this I will request that we stick to it and execute it and next step once you've completed got that badge you can say I want also for this separately to Ansys saying that apart from the thing that we offered there is a requirement for additional and I will check what best we can do and I'll come back to you to start with we are going in organized way because there are a huge base of users a lot of topers so we are kind of trying to have organized just step to at least execute something they're not doing anything so we just thought we will start off with that once you have done it we can always say that I've done a top in this particular and I've got the badge also but also I'm looking at this area you can send out an email I will check with Ansys on a subjective basis right and then we will come back to you there are some more messages if you have to just go to just give me yeah it's just thank you message just thank you thank you yeah so we can close the meeting the streaming also you can kind of accordingly change it yeah okay thank you yeah thank you


When I came back and I realized I wanted to go to graduate school, I kind of in the back of my mind knew that I wanted to do something with international trade and intellectual property rights. My name is Christine McDaniel. I'm a senior research fellow at the Mercata Center at George Mason University. So I think it was an undergrad that I realized I really wanted to do economics and Japanese studies. And then when I went to Japan as a foreign exchange student, I started to see how ideas turn to inventions. You know, that process can play out differently in different countries and sometimes the institutional features can affect how that plays out and the laws and policies and regulatory processes. And so when I came back and I realized I wanted to go to graduate school, I kind of in the back of my mind knew that I wanted to do something with international trade and intellectual property rights. And that's when I found Keith Mascas at the University of Colorado Boulder and the rest of history.


In a bid to ensure good governance and win the fight against bad leadership, fake campaign promises, religious and ethnic sentiment are head of the 2023 general election, the partnership for issue-based campaign in Nigeria in collaboration with legal awareness for Nigerian women have called on electorates and political candidates to avoid politics of sentiment. They gave the advice at a one-day policy dialogue with a governorship candidate, plus TV correspondent Habila Darufar Fawse and the support. There is need to engage politicians vying for different positions to know the credibility and competency of leaders. Speaking, partners for issue-based campaign, Yusuf Ishaqi-Goje said the electorate must see beyond rhetorics of politicians who manipulate their rights. So the issue-based campaign, one of the goals is to ensure that the voter does not only carry his PVC and vote blindly, but the voter has an idea of the capacity, capability, credibility and even character of each candidate before voting and that is what the issue-based campaign seeks to do to also educate the voter so that when you are voting, you are voting based on an informed point of view and not just based on sentiment or monies that have been paid to you. Also, the Kaduna State Labour Party gubernatorial candidate Honourable Jonathan Ashaqi, in his blueprint titled Our Pacts, vowed to use technology in combating insecurity in the state. Ashaqi stressed the need to build a mechanism that will ensure internal revenue generation with proper management of resources that will increase local production and reliability if elected. What we call community policy, the migration of local communities and communities, the local government also, a whole way to have to explore and invest on jobs to cope with security. With management and team building, in fact, we will have to review the team, commission, the local government, the world and community, the community that we have. The civil society organisation insisted that candidates must state their blueprint and sign a social contract to hold them accountable when elected. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


very much. Let me start by thanking the organizers. It's a tremendous honor to be part of this. And I want to wish Ofer happy birthday. So I want to talk about log geometry, which, of course, is a subject that Gavir has had a tremendous influence on. In particular, I want to talk about how to think about Hockschild and cyclic homology for log schemes. That's my title.  So let me start. So let me consider a ring homomorphism. I think in this area, one has to people consider non-commutative rings and things like this. Let me just stick with commutative rings with unit for now. Normally, you don't have to say that, but OK. All right, so what's the Hockschild complex? So it's just take the tensor products like this. And there's some formulas. Let me just write one of them here. So this is tensor product over R. And there's, well, you can write more complicated formulas if you want for the higher terms. But anyway, so you take the normalized complex and you get some complex. And it's a complex, because I'm in the commutative setting, complex of A modules. By the way, this is a simplification object, yes? So you get a chain complex that is the indexing of the differential laws of the grid by 1. Yeah, so I mean, there's a homological versus a homological issue that's sort of pervasive. Is that your question? Yeah, so. And it looks like a complex for simply commutative. Well, that also, yeah, I mean, if you put in the. It would be called to sort of change the order. I think it's OK, but. Well, you can define whatever you want. No, but the option, the option thing is much older. It goes back to the 50s, because that, I don't know. Yes. And it's for bimodules of a non-serialism, associated with non-serialic relative set. Yes. So this is a special case of this, where a is a bimodule of a set. Yes. And I, OK. Yeah. But anyway, this is a complex, well, so viewed comologically, it's a negative, yes? You can either view it as a comological negative degree. Sorry, what? You put the star up, so it must be comology. Well. Yeah, that's bad notation. Yeah. So you should, I mean, homological indexing, I think is the standard. OK, so let me, the Hochschild homology is, and now I will follow the, yeah, OK. I'm sorry, this. So you take the homology of this complex. And I, yeah. OK, and now you can also think of this as taking the tor over a tensor a of a. At least when the a is flat over r. Well, I think if a is not flat over r, yeah, then I have some, I can put it, I think people, some people want to put a derived there or another stone. So, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So if it's not flat, then I have to do more up there, yeah. OK, so this was generalized to schemes by Weibull and Geller. So let me set up the notation. So let me say s is spec r. And then you have x over s. It's an s scheme. And then, well, you can define, you just take for any affine open inside x. You can send that to this complex. Maybe I'll omit that. OK, so this is a complex of pre-sheves. This doesn't localize well. So you have to be a little careful. But then you can sheafify it to get some complex of sheaves. And then it will be different from writing structural sheaves. Oh, x for your hand up there. Why don't you take 0x and 0x over 0x and 0x. Just do it, well. In the flat case, then do we play that process by doing the opposite? Repeat the question? You're saying that that couldn't be 0x and 0x over 0x. So that's what you put here. Yeah, I mean that's. So it'll be important for me that I have this actual complex. So, well, it'll. It's good. You just lose the risk of such modification. You can lose the risk. You can also work with the etal topology. In other words. Yeah, yeah, I mean. Anyway, the homology localizes well anyway. The homology localizes well. So that's not a big issue. Yeah. All right, so then you define the Hock-Schild homology of x over s. Well, you have the sheaves. So they write it like this. Is that better? And then we get to the convergence issues like in Schultz's book about unbounded complexes. Yes, there's. Yeah? So unless, so of course, you can use plans and style definition. But anyway, as it was, there are some cases where people use things which are not Python-complete. I don't know if this is a right box as sophisticated as this, but the question is, which sense you take the etal homology, let me just plan this and try it out. So I think here. Maybe you don't have a problem here because. The homology sheaves are quasi-coherent. Yeah, yeah, yeah. OK, and then, well, there's also, I'll talk more about this towards the end, the cyclic homology. But let me write sort of the axioms up on this notation. OK, so there's a bunch of properties. And I'll write them once. And then, I'll say something about that later. But let me first go through some basic properties that I want to be true because then I want to talk about log schemes and some stacks. And so yeah, so we'll get there. OK, so the first point is that this is a commutative graded commutative algebra. Yeah, well, the sign convention is like for the Doraum conference. Yeah, but the element of it is an odd degree or an element of odd degree squared zero. I don't know. Is that yes? OK, yeah, thank you. Who said yes? Schultz. OK, so the second is that there carries a differential called the con operator. And with this, so this is a commutative differential graded algebra. Let me continue over here. So yeah, so then the next point is that if you look at B0, this is an R linear derivation. And so that by the universal property of the Doraum complex, you get a map here like that, which is an isomorphism. Morphism, if x over s is smooth. This here, this is usually referred to as the Hockschild Cost and Rosenberg isomorphism. All right, then there's some other things. So there's something called the SBI sequence. And I haven't told you what cyclic homology is, but no. And again here, so this is homological notation, so it's the m minus 1 up here. And finally, the last property, which HCM, HCM minus 2. And let's say x is apine, x over s is smooth. So then there's a spectral sequence, which I'll just draw in a picture. This is an E1 homological notation. And this converges to the cyclic homology. And if R is a Q algebra, then you have so-called lambda operations, which makes us degenerate. So this degenerates. So x is smooth here. And R is a Q algebra. And R is a Q algebra. Then this gives, degenerates and gives the cyclic homology. So you have the so-called what? Lamped operations. Lamped operations? Yeah. No, R is my base. S is spec R. So then this is, well, you read off from the picture there as you get differentials, mod boundaries. And then you have a sort of direct sum, i is at least 1. And then hm minus 2i d'Rom x over s. So it degenerates means add E1? Add E2, I think. You go to the next page. This is the one page. And that's why I draw the spectral sequence like this, because then you see. In the SBI sequence, why is it called the B SBI? Well, one of the B's and one of them is i of these maps here. And I can't remember. The B goes in your convention from hh to itself. And you don't have what you have here is hh going to hc, going to hc. There's no map points. So in the definition of the cyclic homology, there's a map, which is a B. Yeah. If there's time later, I will. But, well, I mean, it's a double complex. Yeah, it's a double complex with, yeah. Yeah, it's an explicit double complex. Well, OK, I think that's, well, I can do it. There seem to be a request, so let's see. So what is the cyclic homology? Give the flavor at least. I mean, I'd have to write out all the maps to really say what it is. But, yeah, yeah, so OK. So here's, you have some picture like this. So you just put the Hock-Schild complex in a double complex. So this is just copies of the Hock-Schild complex with shifts. And then you have maps here, which I think. I didn't label them here, but I believe they're usually called B. And they're built out of the cyclic. I mean, there was the B of the Carnot. Yes. It does, yeah. So, I mean, where did this thing, the B, wherever I drew it, comes out of this extra structure, the cyclic structure.  So this isn't necessarily lower on that pattern? Yes. And then you have to take the total complex and. The total complex in the sense of the finite in each total degree, or where we have to. Yes, so I guess the way I like to think of this is as an object in C of mod R, sort of indexed by the net. So think of this as a projective system, I think, in sort of this direction. Right. And then you have the sort of Huxbill terms sitting like this. We can draw them, that is to P2 times. I mean, where are the degrees? The degrees. I think, yeah, I'd have to, I'll get it wrong if I try to. I mean, there's a sign. Yeah, you mean when you take the total complex, is it? Let's see, so this way, is that what you're saying? This way, this way, yeah. OK, that was good. Thank you. It's fine, I think that was a great. Yeah, you mean in each term, yeah, yeah, yeah. OK, so there's no further way to take dykes out of that? No, you don't have to, but you still have to worry about the issue of taking comology. And now you've lost, this map is not a linear, so you have to, the horizontal maps. All right, yeah, so let me skip. So what I want to explain is how to do this for log schemes. Also, the other maps are only linear. All the maps are linear. So this is a double complex of our modules, the way, yeah. OK, so in general, I says to log schemes, which is actually, so I guess let me make a remark here, which is there's an alternate approach, which is due to Rognis, which is, I mean, this is somehow this story is closely related to the story of the cotangent complex. And for the log cotangent complex, there's kind of two things you can do. There's a Gavir cotangent complex, and then you can do this thing with stacks. So the Rognis approach is more like the Gavir cotangent complex, and I'll explain sort of the stack approach. So let's see. So let me just make a sort of one small remark just to get started. So let me just, so you can think about this for the log point. So this is spec k, k star, a copy of the natural numbers, just mapping to 0, spec k, k star. And if you write out, so the Dharam complex in this case is just k Dt over t. And so now you can think about it if you have a differential grade of k algebra, that B. Well, you really don't have enough information to talk about how to get a map there, because this is just a 0 map. So up here in 3, more work is needed to make sense of the universal property. So this may be a trivial remark, but I think one I found helpful in thinking about what should be the correct generalization. Let's see. So now actually, I'll say very little about log geometry. There's sort of a dictionary between log geometry and stack. So the approach is to define HH or the cyclic homology S for some morphism X to S, where now I want X to be an algebraic space. And this S will be an algebraic stack. Let me give an example of that. Again, sort of an easy example, but it has, well, anyway. So let's take a smooth group scheme over field k. And let's think about the trivial torsor, which corresponds to a map from spec k down to the classifying stack of the group. So then what you get here, the Diron complex. Well, it's k, but a 0 map to the dual of the Lie algebra. And then you have the second exterior power of the dual Lie algebra and so on. And this is what's, I think, classically called the Chivalier-Eilenberg complex. I think you can do this for representation, too. You can take the affine space defined by the representation quotient out by the group and go down. And now the main point I want to make about this is that this involves the Lie bracket. And so even, OK, you may appear for the log point. Well, you can go to degree 1, and you have the notion of a log derivation. But here you have to worry even about going further up in this complex. So spec k to bg is a random start. Yes. Which is like the reverse of G-forces. So it is maybe smooth. But why? How do you want the relation? So it is mostly you just have a, OK. And you claim that the random complex is identified with this. Yes? Because you can base it. Yeah, so maybe I should. OK, so let me at least say why the differentials. Yeah. OK, this is like the complex of invariant differential. Exactly, yeah. All right, so you have this Cartesian product. And then so you see that the pullback of the differentials here become the differentials of G. And then you have the Grubaction. So the differentials of this over that is exactly the invariant differentials. And from that, you can also read off what this complex is. Yeah. Yeah. So sort of a side question here is how to think about is the universal property complex. All right, so in the log case, we have a good answer. It has involved log derivations and so on. All right, so maybe I'll just say a word about the dictionary. So if I have S, I have a fine log scheme. Well, then you can think about the stack. What does it do? An object over some x to f. Some fx to s here is a fine log structure on x. And this map f upper star is sort of an old story. But let me write it out anyway. So that's a fiber, which means that, so let me sort of have a better board work. But anyway, so that's a continuation of the two columns. So that means that if you have a map like this of log schemes, that's the same as a map to the stack. And then the Huck Shield homology will be just defined to be the Huck Shield homology of x over the stack, and similarly for the cyclic homology. If I don't see in the stack context, you have to. Yeah, so now that I've looked at the rest of the talk, yeah. OK, so maybe it's better explained by example.  And let me write it as d1. So then the basic thing to study is then the stack here, which is you take the local model, this pi, and then you push it out by the torus. And here the torus acts i times xi for i 1 up to pi minus 1. And then you take the diagonal inverse on the xr. OK, so you take this little sort of torque stack, and you, so this is not quite the log s, but it's a tall over the other stack. So it turns out you can just work with this. And so if you take, for example, the ROM homology of this over that, you get the log to ROM complexes. But here, are you looking at the number of 1 points and the r components of the component meeting this point? Yeah, so OK. Well, I didn't say that the closed point has to go to the vertex of this torque. But yeah, this is a local picture in any case. And so acting kind of smooth over this kind of local model. Right. Well, oh no. I mean, no, you don't need to do that. I mean, if you think about a1 mod gm, to give a map to this stack is a line bundle with a map to the structure sheet. And so if you have a divisor on a scheme that's equivalent to giving a map to this a1 mod gm. So even though I don't have to choose coordinates, but I do need it to be simple normal crossing, so I can choose a line bundle for each divisor. But you just add from x, which I believe you didn't say that add is generally smooth or flat. You just add. Yeah, OK. I do mean it should be locally like this. Yes, yeah, yeah. It should be locally. That should be local coordinates. It should look like this. It should be something smooth or a local model which is like this. That should be the local picture. And if I put simple normal crossings, then I can look at each divisor and look at the line bundle given by that, and then that gives me a map to this stack. To this quotient stack. No, but what I worried about could be divisors in many places. So the number of divisors could be directly in the dimensions. Oh, yeah, OK. Just looking at the ones that occur locally. So are you just? But I think that's OK, because I'm killing it off with the, you know, let's say I'm at a point where one of the x is not zero, then it goes away because I'm acting by the torus. It's pi, yeah. And x over v is the generic fiber smooth? So here, yeah, so the generic fiber is smooth. So it really is in local coordinates, like this, yeah. I should flat, you know, there's missing adjectives. All right, OK, so let me now go to sort of the general part here. So I guess to define, so let me start with, so s, I'll still work over in ring r. There will be an algebraic stack with finite diagonal, with quasi-compact diagonal, sorry. Yes, I think I want, well, I don't necessarily want the diagonal to be separated, but I want the diagonal to be of finite type. Is that what you, I forget the, so the diagonal, I think, for this thing here is not separated. I believe it's, the diagonal is quasi-separated. Of course, it's finite type because they are working. Yeah, so you're using the very general definition of stacks out depending on the reference, but like in the stack, but with plus-dose condition. Yes. OK, and then I have a map like this, where x should be a quasi-compact, at least, algebraic space. OK, so, well. So let's see, so options for defining s, and again I'll sort of carry this, even though I didn't really define it, let me carry that forward. OK, so I have three options. I'll get to that when I need it. Option one, well, it's just to do descent. What do I mean? Let's see, I have, do I have 23 minutes? Is that the, yeah, OK, so, well, the point is simply that this complex is funtorial. So if I have x over spec r, spec r prime, f, x prime, then you get a map, g upper star, c, x over r, to c, x prime over r prime. And so you can choose a hypercover. You're trying to define the kind of name without derived terms of what you can do. Yes, let me, let me, yeah. Just this one, because for the other one, we have extra choices in which kind of machine you use. Yes, yes, yes. Simplification resolution of some out here. Yeah, yeah. OK, so let's take a hypercover with the sn affine scheme, say.  And you just take level by level, c, well, all right, x dot over s dot. This is a complex on this simplitial scheme with restriction to xn, the complex c, xn over sn. And then you have a comological descent problem. But it turns out to be OK in this case, because you have quasi-query or chromology sheaves. And so this descends to some complex h, h, x over s on the tau side of x. So OK, so that's, then you have to check independence of covers and so on. This is like a plot of smooth. Yeah, let me do a smooth hypercover. Probably flat is OK for that one. And descends to, and so this seems not, I think this descends thing without the smear quasi-compact and quasi-separate, the smear proof thing works because, of course, you work with such a black space you are supposed to develop a quasi, but then you just need the comological descent for the sub-qc and this should work, because as we said, it's kind of not complete. It's certainly, yeah, I mean, it would not surprise me if it works in general. With quasi-coherent chromology? Yes, yes. So this, let's say, lies in d, quasi-coherent. No, is it the complex of all x-materials? Only the comologies are quasi-coherent. i's plus is, because the complex itself, the option complex itself, didn't it? Oh yes, so you have to work, I mean, yeah. But if you think about the unbounded comological descent, if you put some conditions on the h i's, yeah. So it is not in d of all x, it is d of all x. I guess you want to put r like that? And the one-coherent is all over all x. It's comodations, that's what it is. OK, so that's option one, and one could do that. Tell me what is g in this? Expand u to x, d dot. Thank you. Thank you very much. All right, there's another approach in the case when, now the shadow is back, 2. If the diagonal of s over r is affine, then you can sort of copy the case of schemes. So let me write it this way. In the diagonal of x over s? No, of s over r. Yeah, the stack over the base of my s is spec r. And then x is arbitrary. Yeah, so let me write s, I'm right. I keep writing this because if I want s to be a log scheme, I don't know. r is not so good notation for a log scheme, but s could be anything. Yeah. OK, so then you can think about these fiber products. So this is like taking the tensor part, right? So if x is affine, and you have various maps with the i's. You can write formulas if you copy down the formulas for what you do with rings. And then if you look at an affine x, then you have c a over s. You just define this to be the sections of xn o xn. So if x is affine, if x is that, and then you get a complex using these maps like this, and then you sheafify. So OK, so now you have this. So now for x arbitrary, you can start looking at an affine over x. Do this construction, get the complex, and it's functorial. And so then you can sheafify it to get a complex cx over s for the etal topology. So this? Cx is a classical cycle complex. So it'll be, yeah. In the case of things. Yeah, I mean, OK, so let me do an example. So this is closely related to the log diagonal. So related to the, so let's just take a1 to a1 mod gm. So the quotient map. And then xn, in this case, is a1 with a bunch of copies of the torus. And so you get some complex in this case, kt u1 plus or minus ur plus or minus, and so on. So it has this nice form, and it goes on. So this is sort of the affine. In this local kind of situation, it's given in a way similar. And so in fact, this gives the equivalent answer, gives the equivalent complex to the first approach, yeah. And now I'm going to go over here. So I should say, I mean, the end conclusion is that there is a theory where we have the axioms that are listed above in either the log setting or sort of the setting of an algebraic space to a stack. But let me go back to this question of the universal property of, so let me go back to universal property omega dot x over s, which is then also the third approach. So the point here is to think about, so let me get my notation, right? So we have a fibered etal topos. So I'll write this as x over s, so I'll write it this way. So we have the category of smooth schemes, smooth, maybe affine, there are some choices there, s schemes. And for each s in here, so that's a morphin, maybe I should write it this way, s to s, I can think about the fiber product, which I'll write as x sub s. And you can think about the etal topos on that. And that's what's called a fiber topos in the sense of sj4. Anyway, so I mean, it's nothing fancy really. You just take, for each scheme, your base change, and you have the etal topos. So a sheaf on this thing, so a sheaf, so well, OK. And then let me write x over s etal for the total topos. So what is it? It just means it's a category of systems where for every s to s, you have a sheaf of fs on the xs etal. And if you have a morphism, s prime, maybe g to s over s. And then you have a map from g, well, base change up to the xs, d inverse fs to fs prime, x prime. Plus, they satisfy some co-cycle conditions. And the target identity goes identity, which is omitted in some places in the book, right? OK, yeah. OK, I guess I should write that. Plus, identity, OK, yeah. All right, so that's that. Yeah? x etal, we need to factor over where? Well, there's n plus 1. So maybe it, I mean, maybe let me clarify. Let me do 3, just as an example. So n is 2. And so now you have sort of 1.  So you have one object, and then you have an sort of arrow, which I'll write as u1 to sort of u1 x1. And then you have a second arrow, which maybe is u2, which is given by unit 2, u1, u2x, or maybe x, right? And so you have sort of the object plus 2 units. In topology, is it a passive processing pool? Yeah. Or not the space in that action of the pool. Right, right, yeah. That's exactly the thing. OK, so well, so now we have this thing, x over s. And it has a sheet of rings, which is just for each xs. You have O xs. It maps down to the etal topos, x etal. And it maps down to the etal topos of the stack. And I'll just write it like that, OK? And so, right. And so the point is, so let's call this r. So there's a little lemma, is that our upper star, our lower star, define an equivalence between quasi-coherent sheaves on x and quasi-coherent sheaves on this topos, which just means it's a sheet of O modules, such that each fs is a quasi-coherent sheave. And the transition maps are isomorphisms. The transitions are in the tensile language there. With tensoring, with tensoring, yeah, of course, yeah. And that's, again, sort of an exercise in flat descent. But the point is that, so in the Dirom complex, we have these quasi-coherent sheaves. But the maps are not, of course, linear. And so where should the maps live? And so one answer that at least works is to think of them in here. So we can talk about, well, let's see. Let me write it over here. So we have a category of quasi-coherent commutative differential graded algebras in sort of x over s. So that means, maybe I should give this a name, pi. So I mean, one reason to work with a small etal site there is that you can then talk about pi inverse. This is sort of well-behaved inverse of the structure sheet here. So I'm only considering the smaller etal site of the x of s's. And so on each of those, I have the pullback of the structure sheet on s to x of s. So I don't have, I mean, I shouldn't have, I shouldn't really have, yeah, maybe I shouldn't even have discussed the Lisa-Tal topology here. But anyway, I mean, the point is that I'm just thinking that here, I'm just using it as a category. It's a fibered category. And so in this kind of language, for each s, I have the pullback of os to x of s. And that maps to o x. Yeah, so I can talk about quasi-coherent commutative differential graded algebras in this category, which I mean that they're, with respect to this map of rings in the topos. And the individual terms are quasi-coherent. And then this has an initial object. Just take the wrong complex.  Right, so the point is that even though the notion quasi-coherent is the same, but there's more structure to the differentials than just looking at them as maps on. So think of the case of the point mapping to bg. So the d is 0. And the second map is this map you get from the lee bracket. So where should that, where is that sort of the universal object? Well, as was pointed out, what you're really doing is sort of taking invariant differentials from something up in some higher level. So this is some formal way to formalize that. But you're speaking about differentials like the algebra consisting of quasi-coherent shifts in your sense. And all the structures are quite differentially respecting their own. No, no, differentials not. So the differentials are pi inverse os linear. The terms are o x over s. Yeah, like the Dirac complex, right? That's what it is. It's just a Dirac complex in a, yeah, yeah, yeah. And so I'm maybe, I think I'm essentially out of time. So maybe let me just say at least this is a part philosophy, but the punchline is really, I think, one approach to this is just to upgrade the con differential to get a structure, which is b, in this commutative dga. And I think I don't have time to say much about the cyclic homology, but you kind of do this. Everything is defined on very explicit complexes. So once you're in the right topos, you kind of just follow along. Eventually, you will find some more. So I'm comparing this to this one. Yeah, so all of my properties, one through five, hold it. Log smooth is fine, yeah, yeah. So I didn't want to rewrite them, because I think that would be redundant. This gives another definition of the. So this is the third definition of the. Equivalent to the first. Which is equivalent to the first two, yeah. And then you have the sequence, and you can calculate some examples. Yeah, so, well anyway, so I think I'm out of time. But I'm happy to show people examples. Are there any further questions? Look, so I'm using the non-jump tool to get the omega. Yes, so I think this is a bug of, yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, no, I mean. Yeah, this is sort of. Yeah, in theory we are worrying in terms of always linear. But there is a finite answer like the uncompact. Yes, and they are only. Yes? But in characteristic T everything becomes tricer. The non-contact is almost weaker. So what is the store in characteristic T? Well, I haven't thought about it. I mean.  Yes, yes, I mean, there was this very nice paper of, I think it's Kaledin on Dillini-Luzi in characteristic P for cyclic homology, I think. So I mean, one motivation here in the large context is that you want to compactify and then reduce mod P and do things like this. But I don't have anything to say, but no. So there are no further questions. Let's thank Martin again.


Oh Today is a day I would do this. I have never ever cut my hair Maybe like little bits and pieces that my mom has missed but recently I'll just show you right here. My mom kind of Forgot to put in a clip for the razor and for all of you who don't know what that means Basically, she used this in the back of my head without a clip So like I kind of looked like I had a Minecraft cube cut off of my head for a while And I rather not go through that again. So I thought it'd be appropriate if I try to come out here and I'm in my mom's bathroom right now and because we don't have like Professional setting and I'm always really cheap and we hoard stuff.  This could go very wrong very fast, but with the help of my little friend I'm gonna see I can't look at the back of my head. Well, I'm cutting my hair. Oh, it's gonna be hard, right? Let's do this. All I know that this is the hardest part to do and I don't have a plug anywhere here Thanks, mom. All right The last time I checked that was a two clip. So we're gonna put the clip on All right, we're gonna try easy and just do the sides of my ear. Okay, I know Okay, so far Honestly, not that bad. I don't know how to get this line. That's the problem here So let me figure this out and there's already here everywhere That's pretty low v-neck Frederick. What are you doing? This is a PG channel on actually I'm insecure about this. So Guess where my mom got this from Oh, what are you? Are you alive? Oh, there's no backing out of this anymore Oh Okay, I'm sweating so much right now. This is torture. I think I'm gonna turn around See if I can't do this How do which way do I turn it? Oh Jesus, that's really difficult to do. Oh My god, I don't know how to reach the back of my head. Oh My god, I'm scared to do the back. So we're just gonna part this to the right And do the other side. Sorry, you're gonna have to see my hair do something very very Yeah, mm-hmm By the way, I strained my hair before I did this so I wouldn't have to deal with like curly wavy hair Because that would just be so uneven Where's the line to my hair? This side Well, I just made one myself That's fine. Wait, I want to see what it looks like if I just make a whole line across my head How's it look? Can you see the line? I made it across my head. My mom doesn't even know I'm doing this right now I can't wait to show her when she comes home All I have to do is wait until I stop hearing my hair being cut and then apply How do you get the back like that? My hand doesn't move that far. Oh, there it is Never mind. I figured it out. I am sweating profusely There's so much hair on the ground Oh my god, I'm naked. Oh, no cancel everything. I'm naked. You have to reconsider Your body is a present that must protect it. So handle it top me Okay, I just want to get everything again just in case that's the hard part What how do I get the part between my head? Is my actual hair gone yet? No, I see some of it off.  Why am I not looking at the mirror? You know what if all this goes off?  I think I'm just gonna go along with it too late now This is keep going until I'm eventually buzz cutting on the front. It looks fine. I'm just scared about the back I mean it feels right. Why is it so cutting? Where did I miss? Let's see. How does it look so far? I'm gonna do a full You can't even tell me because I need to upload this Oh my god, okay, I'll just clear my head for a second I only see a few bits of blonde on the ground which makes me feel better. Um Trying to figure out how to go about the back. Yeah, I have no idea how to go about this Oh, well here is here Whatever hard part taking off the clip And doing it just by itself I don't want to begin to think about how hard that is going to be Since I'm sweating so much it's all sticking to me. Why don't I agree to do this? My sideburns, okay, and then the back. Um, I have no idea how to start this back. Oh my god. I'm so scared I don't know how to do this guys, but I can't back out now And honestly it feels fine We're gonna definitely cut something. Um It definitely doesn't look even okay. I can't keep doing that. I'm so scared I'm just gonna ask my mom and then show you all of me what I mean from the front Which is just what matters, right? Right?  Okay, and now I have to figure out how to cut my regular hair So from whatever remember you take a little piece You portion it throughout your hair.  Okay Let's try that again. I No, it's not. Oh my god of my hair. There's so I don't know how girls could do this. This is like so much hair to do already for me. Oh my god.  There's not much to cut. It's just short hair It's just the back that scares me like I don't think I'm ever going to do that by myself Basically what professional people do is they'll cut off how much you want in the first place Then they'll start moving it towards other places and then compare the sizes of that hair if you can see like This is shorter than that. So you have to cut it to fit the shorter length And that's how you get it all even except there's some evenness in this because I'm doing it I feel like I didn't cut anything yet. It looks the same. No, I should just yell at this and start like slipping away as much as I was You hear that? It's the sound of regret. I'm sorry for all the professional hairstyles looking at me right now I really don't mean to be a disgrace. It's just when it comes to getting stuff done High-fasting is the best way to go for me. Oh wait. I have a comb. Yeah, that's what they do They do like this. Oh, it's so much easier. All right, you know what? We're gonna start from the beginning then It's like half my highlight's gone Great. I missed the spot Oh, Frederick. Oh, that's pretty short. I don't I don't think I meant it for it to be that short. Oh god I didn't mean for it to be that short, but it's whatever Yeah, there's blood. Okay. I'm drawing blood One, two, three. Oh, this is thick Fireworks There's so much hair on this ground At least it's not a lot to clean up though because I can just ball it all up Like if I cut 90% of it right then it should look 90% fine So what are we really worried about here? And I didn't go ball. That's a plus. I don't know much to complain about Oh, okay. I can definitely feel it's longer around here I Got um I can't tell if I succeeded or not because it looks the same It doesn't look bad It doesn't look good. It's the question Oh, jeez. Ah It's my finger again. Honestly, it's fine My hair's fine. Mom, you got some competition. All right. I think I'm done Um, I need to take a shower, but I just want to see what the back looks like So What do you think? I really can't tell if I got it right but It's whatever. Um, I'm gonna clean this all up and take a shower and I'll see you with my hair blow dryer really All the hair gotta go in here. I don't want to pick it up.  No man Have a count with the hair Yeah, upstairs you can


The Linguistic Division of English Language is rarely uniform. Especially when spread out over a great distance, rifts form in a language which causes dialectical differences, which are sometimes extreme. Such is especially true of the English language, several qualities divide American, British, and Australian English. Many of these differences developed inevitably over time, due to geographic and cultural separation. However, several factors contributed to the language differences between these areas. This paper will examine these differences and the reasons for them, focusing on the dialects of Britain and America. The History of English Of course, when talking about language, one must consider its two forms, spoken and written. This paper shall cover the former first, followed by the latter. Now, when British colonists first invaded the Americas in the 17th century, their spoken English was more akin to the American accent of today than to the British accent. The main feature of this English dividing it from modern British English is what linguists call rotticity, the pronunciation of the hard-art in words such as farther. Non-rotticity was just beginning to appear in southern England, and most of the American colonists had not encountered it before leaving Britain. Other notable changes in modern British English include the pronunciation of the broad A, pronounced R rather than A A, as well as a few other vowel broadenings, and the clipping of the T at the ends of words. However, this does not mean modern American English and old British English are the same. The transition from Middle English to Modern English was marked by the Great Vowel Shift, which occurred from around the 1350s to the 1700s, and involved vowels either being raised or becoming diphthongs. American Versus British More notable than the differences in accent, however, are the differences in slang.  What Americans call a sweater, Brits call a jumper.  Yet, it seems rather inevitable that these different countries would develop different slang terms, as sociolinguist Marisa Brooke points out, every actively spoken dialect is always changing, that's as true of the role ones as of the urban ones. Differences in writing Even more interesting than these differences in spoken English are the differences in written English. English spelling was inconsistent and a bit of a free-for-all up until the end of the Great Vowel Shift. When the Royal Society was founded in England and created a committee for improving the English language, it lasted only a few meetings. However, the efforts towards the reformation of English had begun, and now would not stop until standardization was achieved. Many scholars of Greek and Latin literature attempted to link words to their Greek or Latin roots, whether real or imagined, and thus doubt became doubt, and became island, etc., and many of these spellings stuck. This fact is to blame for the number of inconsistencies in English spelling. James Howell, in his grammar, 1662, suggested certain simplifications to spelling, such as war to war, and many of his suggestions caught on and are still used today. Even more successful in spelling standardization was Noah Webster, with his publication of the First American Dictionary in the early 19th century. Many of his spelling suggestions did not catch on, but many others did, and within a century, several spelling reform societies had sprung up in both Britain and America, but overall, any attempts they made towards uniformity fell to overthrow what the public already considered traditional spelling. With the dawn of America's independence in the 1770s came the need to culturally distance themselves from Britain, and language seemed one obvious way of accomplishing this. Webster's dictionary contained several Americanisms, including dialect-based definitions and distinctive spellings. He held onto standard spelling, for the most part, but added a few systematic differences, such as eyes instead of eyes and or instead of hour. As American newspapers charged for articles by the letter, many of these shortened, simplified forms made sense and were generally well received. However, even today, standardization is at least somewhat relative, as different dialects influence both pronunciation and spelling. Do you want to spread English all over the world? Today, with the dawn of the Internet and electronic communication, language is evolving faster than ever. It will be interesting to see in what direction technology takes language worldwide over the next several decades, will English spelling and pronunciation ever become uniform, or will the dialectic gaps widen? Will shorthand replace modern English entirely? Some linguists theorize that this is entirely possible, likely, even, yet, who can really know? Language, after all, is constantly evolving. Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us toll free at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.


Cash Money is the greatest hip-hop label of all time Arguably Arguably when we're talking about longevity longevity now gotta disagree who Outlasted cash money to get into arguably category. Yeah, that's what I'm saying But is it the rock come on man the rock? Hey, bro, rock nation Better than cash money rock a fella slash rock nation. Yes on rock nation is outselling Drake Oh, what are you talking about? Hold is not out so great Come on. We're talking about the tree because they gotta include Kanye and that Kanye is not on rock. We did okay. He was right. He was rock. I'm saying cash money records has been cash money records Since day one not know it's Drake not even sign the cash money no more. He was okay Kanye was signed the rock fella as far as the most If you want to say the most consistent and just ongoing under one umbrella It's cash money. It's not dog. It's rock a fella. How rock a fella's the phone. I don't want to I don't want to go off Is rock a fella not because this is Juvia episode I said greatest we're talking rap or a label all time urban ladies. Let's do let's say that for another They got Rock a fella bro, rock a fella is the funk you have rock nation bro. That's it's the same. It's the same They dash they dash Jay-Z had rock get back to get back to you. They did do this all day I'm asking. Let me ask you this. Okay. Was dame dash Was the bigs and Jay-Z all on rock a fella, right? That was their company, right? Yes Is rock a fella records anymore? To I know no, I don't think so rock nation is some correct. That's Jay-Z's label That's not the same as rock a fella. Bro. Okay. Kanye is on deaf jam Who was who was the head and most important person at rock a fella? Of course. I mean Jay-Z But that's not the same label. I mean Jay-Z wasn't necessarily most important. That was a pretty Jay-Z and dame. It was a it was a Go back to juvenile Okay, say this one another episode but rock nation is not rock a fella rock a fella is the greatest Yes, no, absolutely not it birthed the greatest rapper of all time. Okay. Here we go


Welcome to another episode of Startup. Today we are going to discuss about a very interesting delivery opportunity and it is called a fuel delivery business startup. The first fuel delivery business startup in India was started as recently as 2016. So just for your understanding, we are going to talk about what exactly is a fuel delivery startup. A fuel delivery startup is essentially engaged in providing doorstep-reviewing services to its customers. Currently, fuel delivery startups are being used more in B2B use cases than in direct-consumer servicing. These fuel delivery startups provide convenience and save time particularly when you are ordering fuel in far-fetched areas where there are no ready petrol pumps available. However, one thing to note is that today by government regulations you can only do a fuel delivery startup with diesel because petrol has still not come under the regulation of the government for fuel delivery. So what is the size of the fuel delivery market? So broad estimates have shared that in India there are currently only about 60,000 gas stations which is way too less. Even a country like US has about 160,000 fuel stations. So this shortfall or gap of let's say 100,000 fuel stations that exist in India today are not easy to fulfill because economically it is very difficult to get the land procurement which is required for setting up new gas stations. In fact, a recent report by Crissel has said that there is room to do only about 30,000 gas stations that too only if throughput levels can be maintained. So opening a fuel delivery startup is certainly much easier as compared to starting a petrol pump in today's time. Plus the demand in the market for doing a fuel delivery startup is certainly very large. So who are your prospective clients today if you were to do a fuel delivery startup? Right from hospitals to apartments, schools, cabs, farming sector, tractors using diesels, generators used in industries in residential colonies, hospitals, schools. They all require diesel to function and therefore they can be your early startup customers for your fuel delivery business. The most important thing to keep in mind while doing this business is that you need to be fully aware about the rules and regulations set by the government. You need to first take an approval from the straight-run petroleum and explosive safety organization PISO for your startup. You will need to get all the proper licenses that are required for your company to start this business. The startup will also need heavy investment in the early days. You will have to invest in a mobile defense unit MDU or which is a specialized vehicle that is used to transport the fuel to your customers. Now let's say if your startup has a fleet of 100 MDUs then this is how the cost breakup will look like. One MDU can cost rupees 23 lakh rupees and the license cost per MDU for 10 years period is about INR 20,000. To do a fuel delivery startup you would either need to put up a website or a mobile delivery app where your customers will place order and also can track their fuel consumption and spending. Therefore your IT cost which includes the development of your front-end and back-end infrastructure will cost you about another INR 20 lakhs. Apart from this you will have a recurring operational cost per MDU, the mobile defense unit which will be about 60,000 rupees monthly. Needless to say that you will also be needing a professional GPS tracking system for all the fleet that you would have in order to make sure that your delivery is done in the most professional manner. Now the return on investment for one mobile defense unit will take you nothing less than 10 months. The delivery capacity per day of an MDU is about 15,000 litres and the margin as of now is about INR 1.20 rupees per litre. Once the government policy is put into shape this margin would probably go up to INR 2.10 per litre in the future. Fuel delivery is definitely one of the businesses to look forward to in the coming times. You want more information on this business? Look up at www.entrepreneur.com to get more ideas and also about startups who are already doing this business in India. We look forward to meeting you again with an other fresh and new opportunity right here on Start It Up. Thank you for watching our videos.