Hey everybody, it's Brian and welcome to the 69th Qt tutorial with C++ and GUI programming. And today we are going to do something a little bit different. I know I probably say that a lot lately, but socket programming is a little bit different. We're going to make a TCP server that uses a thread pull and I might have to explain what this is as we go. If you don't know what a thread pull is, you should probably take a moment to really research it before you get too deep into this, but I will cover it. So as you see, we're just making a project. Help if I could spell. Adding the network module to our project. One thing I really want to go over is what is everything that we've been doing so far. We've been making TCP servers using the Qtcp server class, which is very, very good. And it's very easy to work with. And we have actually made a multi-threaded server. The problem with multi-threads is, A, they're not really needed because Qt socket programming is a synchronous. We'll cover that in another tutorial, probably the next one. But also, when you make a thread per socket, you run a very high risk of crashing your server. The reason for that is every new connection makes a new thread. That's very bad because threads are very expensive. So we have the Qt thread pull, as it's called. Now, if you have no idea what a thread or a thread pool is, please go watch my previous tutorials where we cover multi-threading. But for this tutorial, what a thread pool is, is you have a collection of threads. And the Q thread pool manages those threads, so you don't have to manage them. And you can define an upper limit. You can say the max thread count will say five. So if you want to use more than five threads, it'll actually just put all your actions in a queue. And then once a thread is released, it'll recycle that thread and reuse it. That way, you're only at most using X number of threads. You're not creating one per socket. And you'll see what we're talking about here in just a minute. All right, so first things first, we need to create a couple classes here. So we're going to add new, we're going to add a class, call this myServer. And the base class for this is going to be, you guessed it, QTCPServer. So the first thing we need to do is remember how to spell that correctly. Because remember, this is case sensitive here. And I think it's Q uppercase, yep, TCPServer. And here it's QObject, hit Next. And if ever you've created a class and you don't know if you just did it right, wait for it to scan your project. Give it a quick build. And I said quick build, there we go. And it builds successfully, so you spelled it right. So this is our server. And we're just going to flesh this out really, really quick here. We want a public void, call this startServer. This is where we're just going to start server up.  And then we're just going to go incoming connection with the socket descriptor. Notice how they call it a handle, same thing. And then for our private object here, we're going to have a Q, can't do that yet, sorry. We didn't include it. So let's just go ahead and back up here. I'm going a little too fast, Q thread pull. I'm actually pretty excited about this tutorial. So let's add our includes.  Now we will go ahead and throw in our private Q thread pull. The reason why I'm excited about this tutorial is because a lot of times you'll get the basic how to make a TCP server, but nobody ever tells you how to do it correctly. It's not until you've made one, it's gone into production, got 2,000 connections and just exploded that you learn from your mistakes. So I'm trying because I've done this before, well I'm trying to really get you from making the same mistakes that I have made. So let's go ahead and implement our server here. Add in my server. You guessed it, start server and then we'll say avoid coming connection and that's where we're going to handle our incoming connection request. And then this is the typical, you know, if this listen, Q host address and we're just going to say any. You know what that means. One, two, three, four for the port and we're just going to have some basic debugging going on here. Cue to bug, we're just going to say, yep, server started, trying to go through this part really quickly because this is all review for you by now. I mean you can probably do this blindfolded, server did not start. Now the meat and potatoes, if you will, of this code is going to happen right here in the incoming connection. What we need to do is we need to add something to our thread pool, which we haven't created yet. So let's go ahead and do that. And if you've really gone through the Qt documentation, you know that there is a global thread pool that's assigned to every Qt application, but just for the sake of demonstration, I'm going to make a new one just to show you how it works. And with this, we're going to say pool, set max, connect max thread count and we're going to say we want a maximum of five threads. So at any given time, this is only going to use five threads. If we get 5,000 connections, it's only going to do five threads. Those other 4,995 connections are going to sit in a Qt state until a thread is released and then it'll do what it needs to do. Now in order to work with this, we're going to have to go pool and we're going to have to, oops, sorry about that, lost my mouse, we're going to have to start an object. Now notice how it says Q runnable. That's probably something we haven't really discussed a whole lot. What is a Q runnable? A Q runnable is just a task, a piece of code that you want to execute. And we need to create one of those. So let's just comment that out for now. I'm going to make a new class and we'll call it my runnable.  It makes it sound like I have some sort of funky disease or something. That is kind of not sure if I want to name it that or not. Let me think about that for a minute. That's kind of a gross name, but you know, we'll just stick with it Q runnable heart. Now try to compile this and if you're like me, you'll get a successful build. Now if you try to do anything other than this, my runnable public Q runnable, like if you've got the object parent, blah, blah, blah, it won't compile. Why? Because Q runnable is not technically an object. I shouldn't say it's not a Q object. It's something totally funky. I don't remember exactly what it is. Anyways, point being we need to include some things here. So we're going to include QTCP socket. And of course our handy include Q debug, which a couple of you pointed out, Brian, that's already included. You don't need to include it, but I like to do it just so people who are fairly new can figure out what in the heck I'm doing here. So one thing we need to do is say int socket descriptor. That way we can get the socket descriptor. Now note that normally in production code you wouldn't do that. You do it as a private variable and you do getters and setters to get and set the variable. But you know, this is tutorial so we're just going to go through this fairly quickly. And then of course we want protected, avoid, run. Now you notice how this is similar to how a thread is. You have a run and you call it by start, but this is not a thread. Repeat after me. Q runnable is not a thread. One more time. Q runnable is not a thread. There's a very big difference between these two. Q runnable is a task that is executed on a thread in the thread pool. So it is not a thread. It's just a task that we're doing. Alright, now we can go ahead and implement this. And we'll say avoid my runnable run. And this is where our execution is going to start here. And we'll say if not socket descriptor then return. Just in case we don't have a socket descriptor we just want to branch out of there. Q TCP socket. We'll just say socket and socket set descriptor. Set socket descriptor, that's what it is. Actually we don't want this. Get our socket descriptor that we said earlier. Now that we have an active socket we can just, you know, I mean whatever we want to do here. We'll say right, we'll just say hello world and socket. We want to flush the data and then of course we will just do socket wait for bytes written. Now, after we're done we just want to do socket.close. That way we free this up and this thread that's running this task can be reused for another one. Very, very simple example here. Now we need to go back into our server. And we need to actually create an instance of this. But before we do, sorry, we got to include it. My runnable, I cannot get over that name. I should have chose a better name. My runnable. It sounds like you had some pretty bad Mexican food or something and you're doing a runnable over to the bathroom or something. And I know, I know, bad bathroom humor. My runnable. Notice how it's a pointer too. And we'll call it task because I don't want to call it my runner because that just sounds gross. New my runnable. Now one thing you should note is the task set auto delete. We're going to set this to true. And what'll happen is Qt will automatically delete that object so we don't have to do anything with it. But we could set that default and then after it's run, do some gobbly cook with it and set up signals and slots so we can tell when it started and stopped and all that stuff. Then we're just going to say, of course, task soccer descriptor equal handle. That way it has something to grab onto and we're going to say pool start. And then we're just going to say task. Notice how you can also set the priority. We're not going to really worry about that just yet. Let's go ahead and fire this up, see what happens. Actually, nothing will happen because we haven't set the code to start it. Sorry about that.  OK, include my server. Oops, not my runnable. I cannot get over that name my runnable. I know I'm going to get some fan mail about that. OK. My server. I'll just call it server, start server. Now let's go ahead and fire this up. Server started on port 1234. I'll just start a command prompt here. And hello world. Now what you should know is what happened. In the background, the QTCP host got a new connection request. It made a new my runnable or a queue runnable object. And it threw it into the thread pool. One of our five threads grabbed that task and ran it. If you had 5,000 other people hitting at the same time, those 4,995 would just be sitting in an idle state until the rest of these are processed. That's a very good way of handling this. It's very smooth. It's very scalable.  Basically, you can get hundreds and thousands of connections, and it'll just go through them as it gets them using the threads that you define in the max thread count. So that's really all for this tutorial. I know it's so deceptively simple that it's hard to wrap your head around the first couple of times. But really, all you need to know is, during your incoming connection, you're making a new runnable, you're setting the auto delete to make sure you don't clog up your memory. Setting the socket descriptor and then saying, our thread pool, start the task. And then when you actually have your task, you do your block of code. And you could create objects and do anything, but you should note that while the execution contact is in this run, it's going to be holding that thread and locking it so that you can't really do anything else with that thread. So no one else will touch it. So that's all. Appreciate your comments and feedback. Keep it up. I know I've been not as fast with the videos as I want. TCP programming's a little bit complex, and I want to make sure I get these done right the first time. I had a couple of videos that I actually didn't like, and I deleted them and re-uploaded them. Anyways, keep up with the feedback. You guys are helping me learn along with you guys learning. Talk to you later. Bye.


So, you don't really understand how parenting works in Blender. Not a problem. In the next 60 seconds, people will be begging you for advice on parenting. Alright, let's do this. If you want to parent one object to another, then go to Object Mode, click on the child object, then Shift-click the parent, Ctrl-P, and select the object. If you want to parent an object to a bone, click the object, Shift-select the armature, go to Pose Mode, and click the bone that you want to parent the object to. Ctrl-P, select bone, you're done. If you want to parent a bone to another bone, go to Object Mode, select your armature, go to Edit Mode, select the child, select the parent, Ctrl-P, and if you want them to be connected, select Connect, or if you want them to stay separated, then select Keep Offset. Also, in Edit Mode, at any point, you can unparent things by selecting the bone and pressing Alt-P. And that is everything that you need to know about parenting in Blender. Hope that helps. Thank you so much for watching. If you enjoyed this video, please don't forget to like and subscribe. Hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


Okay, so today we're going to kind of circle back around and think about our mindset. Remember our goal golden theme for this nine weeks is my mindset. So raise your hand and tell me how would you describe growth mindset to someone who's not familiar with that terminology, Alex. I would describe it as a way to say like how I can do this better and how I can do this and like have a positive attitude while doing it too. Okay, Alex, thank you for that. That's awesome honey. Mallory. It is incredibly important to support students' concerns.  It's a basic need to be heard. And even if sometimes you think, wow, in the whole scheme of things, that's kind of silly not to a fourth grader. It could be their whole world at that moment. So you're saying Mallory that if I don't get it right now, do I need to freak out? No. But do I persevere? Do I keep trying? Do I tell myself I can do it? Teacher knowledge of students, it's critically important. It's just not about academics. It's about knowing your students emotionally, socially. What are their interests? So I'll pull them aside if I see that someone's heads hung a little low. Maybe they're not as focused in the lesson as you're used to. Maybe they're a little more off task today or being a little silly. A lot of times those are indicators that the child has a heightened sense of anxiety. So we talk a lot. Positive self-talk gives me the power to control the focus of my mind. What does that mean, Harlan? If you give yourself positive self-talk, like say, I can do this, you can control how you're thinking. Like you can control in a good way. You can control it to be thinking good things. Creating a positive classroom culture starts at the very beginning of the year. It is something that has to be intentionally and purposefully planned, modeled and expected. The expectation has to be set clearly. So at the beginning of the year, I spend a great deal of time getting to know my students and letting them get to know me.  So I'm in fifth grade and I had a lot of anxiety about math. You guys know that. I've shared that with you. It was a little challenging because when I was in school, the teacher said you do it this way. This is how you do it. Do it now. I had one way, okay, and I was supposed to fit that one way. And I was really freaked out about it. It might look like a gallery stroll at the beginning of the year where they have different question stems and they're walking around and they're reflecting on the question stems and then writing to me. And one thing that we implemented different in our gallery stroll this year was a question send that says, I wish my teacher knew. And I gained so much valuable information about my students and what kind of learners they are through that one question stem. And I had paid attention in class. I had done my homework. I had a quiz, okay, next day. I wake up. Mystery illness befalls me, okay. I suddenly feel ill because I have a quiz. And my parents saw right through it. And so I was an honest kid. I'm always very honest. And I told them I said I'm really freaked out about this math test, this math quiz. And I just don't know if I'm good enough. I don't know if what I have done is good enough. I had this negative self-talk totally freaked out about the whole situation. Once they felt comfortable sharing with me, I went to them individually and said, I saw that you wrote this. Let's talk about it. And so building that trust and letting them know that I don't expect you to come into fourth grade knowing everything right off the bat. You're here to learn. You're here to take risks. There are going to be times when maybe you miss the mark a little bit and you know what, that's okay because my privilege, my job is to help you be successful and get through that. So my mom sent me down and she said, have you gone to school every day? Yes, ma'am. Have you paid attention in class? Yes, ma'am. Most of the time.  Yes, I have. Have you asked questions? I have. Well, then why is that not good enough? And I sat there and I thought about it and I was like, I don't know. Why isn't it good enough? I've done everything I'm supposed to do. I think it's going to be okay. And so I went through these emojis. Did I study enough? Yes? No! Epic failure! It's going to be horrible! And then I was like, okay, wait a minute. Talking to mom. Mom helps me to redirect myself, talk. Mom just gave me some good old-fashioned parenting and said, you know what? It's going to be okay. You've done these things that you're supposed to do. And I got to school and I realized I had been listening. I had been looking and I had been learning. I was going to be okay. I passed the quiz. I know. It's a true story.


I'm not going to spend much time talking about that this morning or afternoon, but I think one of the fundamental questions that most anybody would do after listening to him talk is ask yourself, well, what can we do about that? So I'm going to try to focus mostly on that, and I'm going to try to leave plenty of time for questions because maybe even the things that you're interested in have nothing to do with what I'm going to tell you and I want to make sure that there's a chance for other topics that might be related to land use development or community development to be talked about during my time slot. In a real brief overview I'm going to talk about observations that I've made while I've been working out in Western North Dakota for the last couple of years about impacts. Practices that we commonly see and resource needs that I think are really evident.  Maybe most of those things are tools and I'm going to use some terms that may not be familiar to you that I'd like to start to put into your mind and talking just a little bit about some procedures and maybe even some warnings about what to try to avoid doing when you're dealing with land use and community growth. So just to go back and talk again about what we had observed, trucks everywhere.  I grew up on a farm and great story about what you used to see going to town maybe you passed one neighbor and that's it. That's what I'm used to seeing. It's not what I see when I'm working out here now. And housing, just a couple of issues, lots of people that I don't think if they're from 35 other states really get used to the idea of North Dakota winters. It's not how I spend my winters living in a camp or trying to make sure things to get through the winter because I have no place else to live. So as a community or a county, the issue of housing is really critical and I think Greg spent a little bit of time and maybe the presentation that Kathy did beforehand also spent a little bit of time talking about how the housing market changes. I'm going to skip all the rest of that stuff that I could talk about and just move on to ask you to think with me about how people make decisions in your community. First of all, if you have a land use decision to be made, how many of you typically make it a year? The numbers I have here represent the numbers that Dunn County made just a year or two ago. Less than 20 decisions a year, they've had four times a year to make those less than 20 decisions. This past year, they were meeting every month and they were averaging over 20 decisions per month. Orders and magnitude of growth, opportunities of growth decisions that need to be made and are still going to be needed, probably even greater numbers is coming in. So let's go back and think about how you make decisions again. Most of the time, what you're used to thinking and doing is basically the hands-on approach. You know, you make an agreement, you know what you have in mind, you think you both understand the same thing and that's good enough for you. In this new situation, that's not good enough. We need to be crossing all the eyes and dotting all the T's, making sure that everything's in black and white. Many of your communities probably have zoning regulations. Some people may think you have zoning regulations and come to find out that they were never really formally adopted. In order to have an ordinance that's going to work for you in the coming month, years, as development approaches, you probably need to dust off the ordinance and find out what it really says and what it's good for in terms of addressing the issues that Greg's been talking about this morning. Thinking about decision-making again. How do you usually make decisions? You don't have a lot of them coming up at the same time. Sometimes you look at them case by case and you just do what you think is best. If you've got 20 of them to be made every month, there's all kinds of room for inconsistency and creep in. So one of the things you probably want to do is make sure you start developing checklists and some guidelines that are going to make sure you are consistent. You do make decisions based on similar requests. And then I think a lot of times we're used to being very informal about our minutes and documentation. So you may make a decision and at the time you do why you made it. But five years down the road, does anybody else know why you made it? If you ever end up in a court, only the information that's been documented in your decision meetings are going to be able to be used in court. So document, document everything. Say again? And date it. And date it, yes. Just some questions. When you start thinking about what your community might need and you're starting to think about potential for growth, ask these questions. What can our infrastructure support? If this proposition or proposal gets added to our community, what will we have available after it's in place? Can we serve for more? Or are we going to be running out of water? Or sewer treatment capacity? Will there be any open lots available for somebody to build a house on? But it's not just their capacity, it's also the question of are we making sure that those kinds of potential growth developments are happening in the best spot? One of the things that's most frustrating to me is to see where a community's basically made a decision that closes the door on future growth opportunities. Maybe they figured, well, nobody's going to move this direction so we're just going to have a cul-de-sac out here and we'll build houses all the way around it and you can't expand that street without tearing out a house or two. And then are we allowing an opportunity for future growth in other ways? Not just roads, but just in terms of capacity. You know if we're going to have to spend some money on a sewer system upgrade and the replacement is a six-inch pipe but the direction that the sewer system couldn't be going suggests there could be a lot more housing or development out there maybe we should upgrade that pipe to eight inches. Then how can we use this built-in launcher? This is one of the things that I've been encouraging all the communities I've been working in to do. Yes, there's some negatives, yes there's some positives but ultimately the oil, at least development phase is going to lead you and you're going to be left with the production phase which is going to be a lower level of activity but it's also going to lead you with the more permanent level of activity in your community. So what do you do to build for that level of development that's going to serve your community well? Can you take advantage of the fact that you have to do some upgrades to streets with sewer water so that they're paid for for the next 50 or 60 years? So I mentioned that I wanted to spend most of my time talking about tools and things that we might be able to do to help address the impacts that we were talking about earlier today and each of these in my mind are a tool and I'm going to get into them a little bit more detail later on so I'm going to talk about it now but think about the fact that you don't just have zoning regulations you don't just have plans that you need but you need to think about what your community's vision for itself is a zoning ordinance is really supposed to be a set of rules that help to maintain the values of your community and that's kind of a strange way of thinking about it that's more often thought about as the plan but the plan really is the embodiment of the ideas that you want to have your community grow into its policies and so on and the rules on what the ordinances are there to help make the policies happen. I'm going to try and move quickly here one of the things I started noticing is that in the whole country people want everything done yesterday and that's not always in your community your county's best interest taking the time to prepare those tools maybe saying no or at least not yet and I'd like to encourage all of you to not be afraid of saying not yet or no until you have the tools in place to manage the goals that you need and one of the tools I mentioned on the previous page was actually a moratorium if you've been reading the newspapers lately you know that several counties have put in the moratoriums of some things in place and all I've put in the moratorium in place not so long ago but ultimately when you do that what you're doing is you're giving yourself some time to think about the pros and cons instead of just what's right in front of your face where you feel like you have to make a decision immediately I think it's worthwhile pointing out that a lot of times people who are involved in land use management in western North Dakota and small towns in general don't have formal training you can't afford to have somebody who's got a college degree come in and try and run your program for you so you hire people who are intelligent and willing to serve their communities to do one job and when it happens that you start to have some zoning issues you ask somebody who's probably already working for your community to help them with that be sort of the staff person but eventually what happens is you have so much going on that they're overwhelmed and they can't do the two or three jobs that they originally hired to do plus the planning and zoning and then they need to get a better understanding about the technical aspects of doing their job that means you need to be prepared to help them with some training sometimes it's just maybe some written resources but I think a lot of times it's actually going to some seminars to get some detailed training and then finally I just want to make a point about the importance of recognizing that whether it's the ambulance squad, the fire chief, the deputies your county recorder's office or the planning and zoning people all of them are going to see huge upticks in their workload and with that comes the potential for burnout if they're good people you want to keep them so things about how you can try to manage that issue the potential for burnout so I'm going to go ahead and spend a little time talking about some detailed points of land use plan the first thing I want to do is just compare or contrast the difference between zoning and subdivisions and basically zoning regulations have to do with the use of land and subdivision regulations have to do with the division of land or the sale of division of land and there's more to it than that and if you go in and look at the sentry code that I've got listed here for each of the cities, counties and townships what they have to say about zoning these sections of the North Dakota Sentry Code actually provide the authority to your local jurisdictions to do planning and zoning I want to just point out for your information that all three jurisdictions, cities, counties and townships can do zoning but townships don't have the authority to do subdivision control and it's an interesting twist in North Dakota Sentry Code law that both counties and townships can do zoning of the same land so if you have that kind of situational current you might say well, how does that work? and a lot of people scratch their heads and ask well, why in the world are we doing this now? but the thing I want you to just keep in mind is that townships actually have the control if both zoning are in place in the sense that if the township has a regulation that pertains to a particular issue then its regulation is the one that matters whether or not it's more or less stringent than the county regulation let's go back for a second and talk about one other thing I wanted to mention the concept of district if you go in and read the North Dakota Sentry Code and it talks about a city or a county having the authority to do zoning it will refer to the ability to establish zoning districts and essentially a zoning district is an area where you have established a certain set of guidelines that pertain to how that land and that particular geography that area can be used so oftentimes traditionally a zoning district like the agricultural zoning district for areas that are supposed to be reserved for farming, ranching and similar and related uses or you might have a commercial area which is intended to be where most of your retail activities are taking place or a residential area which is essentially supposed to be the place where land is set aside for uses that are related to housing and the idea is that within each district you have to treat all the land the same but you don't have to treat the land that's in a commercial district the same as the land that's in a residential or agricultural district so it's just a basic distinction that's a fundamental principle of what districts do the centric code also talks about a comprehensive plan and if you go in and read it it basically says that if you're going to do zoning it has to be done in accordance with a comprehensive plan and I'm not going to spend much time talking about them today but in a nutshell a plan is that blueprint for growth in your county or your community one of the chief benefits of it is it's a way to make sure that everybody's on the same page in terms of understanding what's expected or intended to happen for growth in your community and that's a good thing everybody likes certainty in order to make decisions for the long term they can feel more comfortable with the investment that they may choose to make if they know what the plan is a comprehensive plan typically has maps it will list goals and policies that are supposed to address how and what you want to see in your community or your county and comprehensive plans aren't static they're not intended to be done once every 20 years or so the idea is that when your circumstances in your local jurisdiction change that it may be time to update your comprehensive plan so the question came up a couple days ago about whether or not you could do revisions to your zoning arguments without updating your comprehensive plan and the basic answer I gave then give again is if what you want to do with your zoning arguments is consistent with what your plan says then you don't have to change the plan but if your circumstances have changed then you maybe want to take a look at changing the plan anyway another tool that's pretty important to think about and you may already do this informally is a capital improvements plan basically what you're doing is you're thinking about whether major investments need to be in your community or your county you're recognized and you don't have the money to do them all at once so you're prioritizing what you're going to spend your money on first it's very useful to be thinking about that not just in terms of what your top priority is but whether or not there's a sequence that can result in the best long-term lease cost or investment and it's also important to recognize that sometimes it makes more sense to do one or two projects at the same time because you can end up with the total cost savings annexation is something that often is an issue when you start to talk about growth in your community and I just want to spend just a tiny bit of time talking about that annexation is a process that has two ways to go about it under the North Dakota Century Code and one of them is by ordinance the other is by resolution thank you who's my helper it wasn't brought with me thank you sir so those two approaches have some benefits depending on what your situation is and if you were paying attention to Dickinson's news over the last year and a half you kind of know the story better than I do maybe but ultimately just I want you to be aware of the fact that you've got some choices there sometimes you might want to choose one or the other in order to do things the cleanest way possible there's a whole section of the Sanctuary Code that deals with that as well extra territorial authorities another term that people talk about bravely your city has a municipal boundary and the area within that is taxed by the city or at least the taxes that are for the city go to the city if it's within that municipal boundary however outside of an extra territory or excuse me outside of the municipal boundaries there is the ability for a city to establish zoning and subdivision control through some of the regulations that the Century Code allows them to have basically the rule is for a community with other 5,000 population you can extend out a half mile and have complete control over the zoning or subdivision authorities in that area and you can together with the county have control over the next half mile so there's a total of about a mile that you can control beyond your municipal boundary the illustration here is for Glenelon and you can see the blue areas for that unilateral control they have for the first half mile and the purple is for the second there's some kind of funky rules about how you determine exactly what the area is you have to draw an arc, it's a half mile and if more than 50% of the land is inside the arc for every quarter quarter section of land that whole quarter quarter goes in and if it's less than 50% the whole quarter quarter stays out Do you say 5,000? If it's 5,000 or under Or under Yeah Just a few other terms and decision processes I just want to alert you to a thing I'll just talk about briefly Plotting review is a process you use for subdivision control and it addresses not just how land should be divided but it's also the time that your community should look at how it will be served by utilities, by roads, etc and there are oftentimes lengthy regulations written for exactly how that's accomplished but just be mindful that that's a process that you should have as a part of your city Zoning amendments take two forms text amendments and map amendments when it's a map amendment it usually deals with a change to a zoning district That oftentimes happens during growth where you have an area that for instance has been zoned agricultural and then there's growth happening and somebody wants to develop some of that agricultural zoned land and it's not allowed so they have to ask for a change in the zoning district to something that would allow Conditional uses, I think I wanted to highlight them just because I think they're a really useful tool for communities to keep in mind Imagine this situation You've got a residential area in your town and there's an area that's been city vacant for quite a while and it's next to some existing housing it's zoned residential and a developer comes along and says you know I think there's a market for multi-family housing here so I want to put up an apartment building here and you don't have any apartment buildings in the area but it seems like a good idea it seems like a good need so you're for the idea but the more you think about it the more you think about the proposal you're recognizing that well they're going to put up 24 living units here and they're not proposing very much parking so that means the parking is going to spill over into the street and it's going to spill over in the street in front of them are neighbors and where are they going to park when they have company and so on and there's going to be some questions that although there's the upside of having the community have that apartment building there may be a downside for the parking issue that comes with it if you have the multi-family function or use in your zoning district for residential as a conditional use it means that you're going to have to hold a hearing on it to consider what the impacts are and then your community is going to have to decide okay what do we need to do to protect those or address those potential impacts and those kinds of things you can call conditions for approval so when you actually end up with an approval of this apartment building you may require that they put 50% or 80% or 100% of their parking needs on the site of the block or the development instead of having an on-street parking for it one other truck that I want to talk about briefly is variances a lot of times I see communities that use variances to do something that well, their regulations don't normally allow them to do and I can't I'm not an attorney, I'm not going to say whether or not that's appropriate but I can tell you that in planning practice it's not a good idea the purpose of a variance is generally to provide the ability of a lot in a particular zoning district to be used the way all the rest of the property in that zoning district is to be used so a variance isn't necessarily a good idea for a use because you don't want to be granting uses to one property that aren't a use that you would allow for every other property in that zoning district if you think about making decisions in the planning and zoning world they follow into three general categories the legislative category the quasi-judicial category and administrative and basically legislative functions really about making rules or policies and that would be something that would mean what happens when you're actually creating a comprehensive plan and establishing your zoning and subdivision regulations quasi-judicial rule is more like what you do when you hold those conditional use hearings then you're acting more like a court and you have to be more careful to make sure that the way you make the decisions follows somewhat court-like procedures and then the last function the administrative function is what's usually the role of a person who's helping staff the planning functions typically a zoning administrator or someone like that and they're oftentimes making decisions or judgments about what applies or doesn't apply according to the ordinance now finally I'm going to talk just a little bit about some issues I think that really come up first of all in zoning one of the fundamental things you want to make sure you're careful not to do is to make arbitrary or precious decisions you're looking for consistency so just keep that in mind being a fundamental thing you want to make sure you are doing when you make those kinds of decisions and then like I mentioned in the beginning this is really important you should keep careful with it personally I think it's to your best interest to actually take record your meetings to let you know exactly what that said and you can refer back to them when you wait the minutes keep in mind that I mentioned this vaguely before but there are certain circumstances for the content of your decisions your minutes are the basis for what can be presented in a court law as evidence to support the decision you've made if somebody wants to contest your decision and then there's a term called ex parte communications which is what I think we do all the time we meet our neighbors and we talk about the issues but when you have a decision that needs to be made in a zoning or a subdivision control context and you're going to be having a planning commission on city council meeting or county board of commissioners meeting about that topic the place to talk about that the place to present information that should be used in making those decisions is in that meeting and talking about that with one of those decision makers outside that context is not a good idea there could be lots of other things I could bring up but I told you I was going to try and keep this short and give you an opportunity to ask me questions or ask us questions about what's on your mind so with that I'm just going to turn it over for you to question me and if you have those if you don't want to speak up and you've got those cards you want to have any questions that they bring smart group yes sir board and speed would play their part in this conference what's back up just a second and talk about what FEMA does that relates to counties in terms of administrative functions or regulations if you have planned that FEMA has designated to be in within a 100 year floodplain within your jurisdiction whether it's a county or a city you have the situation where you will end up having to participate in the national flood insurance program and as a local governing body participating in the national flood insurance program you basically promise that you will regulate the use of land within that 100 year floodplain I'm oversimplifying things but in a nutshell that's the starting point to think about so if you're a participant of the program you need to make sure that you're following what they say you promised them at that time and typically that includes a set of regulations that are not very long but they get forgotten a lot and they include things like if there's a flood a floodway which is the area that's supposed to be reserved for flood waters to run through the area then that floodway should not have any development happening in it and there's the area outside of the floodway that's still in the 100 year floodplain where development is allowed but only if it's built to certain standards so the local jurisdiction that makes that promise to regulate areas within the floodplain is responsible for doing that typically you do it as part of your planning and zoning procedures because what happens you're talking about development if you have a zoning ordinance it's likely that you're going to the zoning administrator and saying well can I do this and the zoning administrator should be thinking oh well that's in 100 year floodplain in addition to our regular zoning regulations you also have to meet the requirements of this special floodplain regulation what other question have you ever run into a situation where there's no wetlands within that county no does that also have to be designated FEMA doesn't doesn't try to designate or require the management of wetlands or the maintenance of wetlands okay we have a question here if both city and other county zone the same area who has the last word on decisions or has the most authority I'm going to back up to this one slide and kind of use that as the spring board for the answer because essentially a city and a county don't normally have the ability to do zoning up the same area within a city's municipal boundary the county has no ability to zone and we wouldn't complicate things and talk about joint powers agreements at another time but in general that's the way it is if the county has zoning it doesn't apply inside the municipal boundary outside the municipal boundary if a city chooses to establish extra territorial zoning authority for that first half mile they can do so without any regard to what the county says in other words the county doesn't have any say over what those rules are they may have some comments they want to make but I think it's fair to say that there's unilateral control there for that second half mile if the city chooses to establish extra territorial authority that goes beyond the first half mile they have to do so jointly with the county and in that case you might that might be what this question applies specifically to if there's not agreement there is no decision and by default the decision is no if there's an application that's my understanding I would advise you to get a second opinion from an attorney because I'm not intending to practice law by giving an answer to that question sir one step further the township has no authority no original authority township has authority for zoning everything else established one thing that's sometimes not recognized is that you don't automatically have zoning authority you actually have to establish a zoning authority over a particular chunk of land before you can see you have authority over it so townships may say okay we're writing this zoning ordinance and it's not supplying to all the land within our township well that's true except if there's a municipality that has some of the land within that township because if that's the case township has no say about the land inside the municipal boundary and by the same token the township has no say or the land outside the municipal boundary if it's within the extra territorial area there was another hand raised anybody here who has grown from everything just say it one more time your boundaries you drew let's say it expands the city gets to that the first blue square how when do those boundaries change great question did you hear that when do the boundaries change if the city's municipal boundary changes the corollary question is does the extra territorial boundary change automatically and the answer is no you have to as a municipality take the formal procedure of expanding that extra territorial area and so if you expand your let's just say in this case if I suppose I said there was a red light here can you see the red dot okay so let's just say that Glenn Allen grows all up this way okay new residential housing development right next to the golf course well that means that instead of measuring with that half mile arc you can see where it's already kind of making that arc because this sticks out about that quarter line or section line I mean if it was all the way up here that arc would be more up in here but you don't get the blue extension unless you pass an ordinance you're now taking authority over that other questions great question do your taxes change if the zoning changes that's pretty much what you're saying right that's a separate question from do your taxes change if you move from being in the township in the county to in the city your taxes are going to be based on whether you're in the city or the county but with regard to the zoning change taxing is based on use of land and not on the zoning of the land so let's say you change from agricultural zone to a commercial zone until you start developing the land you won't see the taxes change first of all I haven't done any detailed research into illegal ramifications but years ago I worked for a county where gravel mining was a common practice and the issues that got the most attention and most negative attention were those applications for opening a new gravel mine and the reason why was the same kind of issue that Greg was talking about earlier today gravel trucks are notorious for ignoring every rule you can think of and it's the trucks about the people driving them that do that but in addition to that there's that side factor that if you're out in the country most of those roads aren't paved roads and so what do you get? dust lots and lots of dust so there's safety issues and then there's just the whole quality of life I heard so many times I spent mine and then pick a number out of your head to buy this tract of land and move out of the country so that I can have a peaceful surrounding and now some things you don't in this case the short end of the story is that they as accounting would determine exactly what haul roads could be used so they would say yes this is the conditional use we will allow you to open this gravel mining operation but if you're going to do it you're going to be on this road for this chunk of it and then this road and so on they would also sometimes put limits on to take place not 24 hours a day but doing down and down so something like that I think that that's a type of tool that you can use pretty broadly whether or not you can charge a fee is something that I don't want to try to answer Rod, have you investigated that question? we've got Rod Label with the Roosevelt Custer Regional Authority here we're asking a question about the ability to charge a fee for a haul road sorry for putting you on the spot but Rod's been out here for a long time and the issue's been around for a long time so okay, any other questions? did I get to your question, sir? well what I was wondering is really are there required to have a haul road to use your road or is that just kind of a bum if they're on a public road you can you can set a condition like that in my opinion and again, it might be wise to consult an attorney to try to make sure that you've got the teeth behind the request you're going to make


Dear students, in this module we will be reviewing the ab initio methods that we have studied towards structure prediction. You may remember by now that there are three general strategies, homology modeling, whole recognition or shredding and ab initio methods. So in this module we will just review the ab initio strategy. You know that if you have the protein sequence with you and if you find very nice homologues from the PDB then you can do homology modeling. But if you could not find such homologues then you can go towards fold assignment or fold recognition. But there can be a case where such folds are also not available. So you are left with no way to use homology modeling or fold recognition. So in such a case you go for ab initio modeling. So in ab initio modeling there are two steps and here I will discuss the first step. You start with a rough initial model so you estimate your protein to have an alpha helix and a beta sheet followed by another alpha helix. So this is your rough model. This is also known as the initial model. So next you define an energy function that counts bonded and non-bonded atoms within the structure and the overall energy is just the sum of these two factors. So the overall energy has to be minimized in order for you to obtain the optimal structure. This problem needs to be solved computationally and you have to find the global minimum. You may remember that the global minimum is not an easy thing to find. You may find a local minimum instead of a global minimum and you may think that this in fact was a global minimum. So in order to avoid such situations you need to have a very nice energy function. Okay towards the second step of ab initio. So in ab initio modeling once you have predicted your protein structure and optimized its energy this will help you to form an accurate model and this will obviously include the energy and the forces. So next you place it in a force field in order for you to study the dynamics of the folding process itself. Once you set this simulation into motion the folding process will continue for a long time and eventually after the simulation achieves a low energy model. This will be the native structure which will emerge from this process. So this was all for ab initio modeling and please remember that ab initio modeling is useful in those cases where homology modeling and threading fails. However the downside is that it is computationally extremely expensive and you can only predict the structures of very small proteins by using ab initio modeling. So you may want to predict the structures for small sequences and then create threading later. So by combining the small structures that are predicted from ab initio modeling you can try to see how their combination can produce the overall protein structure.


We will never give up until the very idea of Keystone XL is dead and buried. People in front of the White House are demanding that President Obama deny approval of the Keystone XL pipeline. In the summer of 2011, a movement was sparked. Our sands are the turning point in our fossil fuel addiction. Despite a Washington consensus that the pipeline was sure to be approved within a year, we're all going to commit nonviolent direct action. 1,253 people went to jail. We will stop whatever pipeline you try to build. Then, people all over the country started taking to the streets. We converged on the White House again to surround them. We'll stand together and uphold this pipeline. President Obama, do the right thing! The Northern Lake was pushed back a year. We do not have to sacrifice to meet Trans-Canada's bottom line. The Southern Lake resistance escalated. This is my land! This pipeline will not go without a fight! In February 2013, we made history again with the largest climate growling this country has ever seen. Thousands of people marched past the White House. They call for President Obama to reject a Keystone XL pipeline. If this pipeline goes through, it will be at the cost of human life. And as the pipeline slowly crept back, once more we started appearing at every presidential event. President Obama has made some big promises.  Now it's time to finally draw the line to stop Keystone XL. On September 21st, across the United States, we will defend the places threatened by climate change. We will tell President Obama that there is no turning back. The question is, is he going to raise the heavy hand of big oil, or is he going to raise the hand and the spirits of the American people? Go to 350.org and sign up for an event to draw the line on Keystone XL.


You have to look at these things before you consider investing in someone. Will they make time for the kind of relationship you see? Now, those who follow my work, I'm here to encourage. The best relationships are where two people can integrate their lives with one another. Let me do that one more time. They can integrate their lives with one another. What does integration look like? That includes incorporating the children in your relationship, incorporating friends into the relationship, incorporating your daily experiences into the relationship. And I mean, daily experiences could be exercised together. It could be doing pickleball together. I said earlier, remember I said this earlier, social activities, hobbies, mutual interest, spending time with family and friends, and traveling together. Why would a man not make time for you and what you should do about that?


Hello, I first wanted to say how honored I am to be a part of this inaugural Gusty Entrepreneur Cup. I had a huge thank you shout out to the judges here today and I guess this opportunity to present our business plans to you. So without further ado, my name is Cody, I am the founder of Atomic DJs and I have been in business for the past three years coming up in June and over the span of that three years I've done 20 events both weddings and organizational events and I'm rapidly approaching $10,000 in sales combined between the two and this has all been by myself so I've been very busy especially with school and everything else going on so I wanted to change that so I came up with the idea to hire fun and young college age DJs to go out and do some of these events that I can't do and I'm going to continue to do this by exploiting two markets that I just mentioned the organizational events market and the wedding market so first, the organizational event market I've done 20 and I'm currently contracted for 21 events my current clients include the Laverne School District where I've done high school and middle school dances the Gustavus Creek life they've asked me to do proms and banquets different friends and sororities here on campus the A Green School District I've done middle school dances for them and I keep getting hired because I promise clean, appropriate music for the middle schoolers and then other various organizations throughout southern Minnesota and the St. Peter's or San Pedro area I've generated, well I have generated and will generate $5,175 in revenue for this particular organizational event market this is a graph that shows that you can see that it's pretty steady and pretty prevalent at the beginning I've made a lot of money right away but now I was just getting my experience up there I was getting experience and just kind of establishing myself as a DJ at my hometown and then I was able to land at that $250 mark and that's steadily growing the events that I'm contracting and all the high school dances are making me $400 in revenue these are a few pictures of me DJ one on the right shows me at a middle school dance you can't really see it the one on the bottom left is my setup at a high school homecoming dance and then the one up on the left is just some kids dancing to my music there's tremendous opportunity here for growth there are potential clients in St. Peter both Paddy's and the Flame Bar I've talked to them and they said they'd be willing to work with me to get me in the bar scene as well and also the St. Peter Mankato School District there's been some issues with some DJs they've had there and I know some people who can get me into those particular places to help them DJ those as well as other bar schools and organizations throughout southern Minnesota that I know are interested in the fall I've been pretty busy but I'm on the baseball team I can stay there so in the spring I get busy with my baseball season and so I'm hoping to hire another DJ or two to help me do those spring events and I can send them off and make a profit off of them the wedding market which is the more lucrative market that I'm involved in is I've done two weddings I'm currently contracted for five by the end of 2015 which has generated and will generate $3,775 in revenue which is on average about $500 for a wedding but I'm hoping to get to that $700 to $800 mark that is a very affordable price for a wedding DJ and I know a wedding DJ's average between $1,000 and $2,000 for a good service I have to say no quite often when I'm contacted just because of restriction of time I'm unable to drop school or grab other baseball obligations to head up and DJ a wedding every Saturday or Friday these are just a couple pictures the one on the right is to be dancing with some young audience members out there which is really one thing I want to incorporate my company is just an interpersonal interaction with the crowd and then the one on the left is me and one of my buddies who DJed a wedding in Bloomington there's about 400 people at the reception so it was very large and these are just two graphs showing my wedding revenue the top one is the two that I've done and then the bottom one is the graph showing my contracted wedding revenue and you can see it steadily increasing up to that $700 to $800 mark my main costs include music music, equipment and travel I've accumulated a large collection of music already and I really just have to buy music based on what the client wants for each event my equipment I just have to buy batteries for my wireless microphones tape to kind of tape down my cords to make my presentation look nice and then laptop which has an average life of about three years and that'll run me $1,000 depending on what laptop I decide to get my travel costs really gas and food along the way just to get to and from events and then this table here shows just some events or some costs that I've incurred over the past three years the main one being my controller which is $850 and that'll last me the next five to ten years I will not be replacing that anytime soon so very minimal cost the five main ways that I market are through Facebook I have a Facebook page for my company I have about 450 likes on it currently and I post my pictures from events on there just a list of songs that I play so people can check that out Twitter I give shoutouts to the groups that I DJ for and then I get retweets and favorites kind of generate a fan base if you will just so people know me a little more and a little better and then my website which is set to launch this summer just have a list of services and equipment and different events that we've done on it and the main way that I market is through word of mouth and referrals I get a lot of people asking me after weddings like can I pass you on to my friend who's getting married next summer and I say yes tell them I'll do it for them so I get a lot of that and I'll hand out business cards to them as well so they can get in contact with me so over the past three years I've had tremendous success with this but I know that it has much more potential than what I'm currently operating at and I hope that I can provide jobs for college age kids and send them off to do some of these events for me so I can make a larger profit thank you so much I will now take any questions you may have did this process help you think through what you needed to do next yes I I've kind of just done it on my own but this has forced me to think about all these things all these technicalities and how I can maybe make more money where the market's at and forced me to make a business plan which I didn't really have it was kind of just a rough draft of what I wanted to do so yeah it has you talked about wanting to hire have you had any thoughts on how big you think it could be for the Twin Cities Market how many different DJs you could support yeah I once I established myself like a stavis and hire a couple of stavis students maybe two or three I can then show that I'm successful here and maybe move to St. John's and St. Thomas and St. Olaf and you really established myself within the southern metro area even as a guy who moves a lot of college age DJs to events and just really make a lot of money so you cannot have one DJ out of that right that's that's the process I'm working through now I'm trying to find money to buy another set of equipment so that I can have the one that I have as well as even a nicer one through some kind of money I don't know what's the existing DJ market like in the Twin Cities metro I assume there are many full time DJs or not I don't know the exact number but there are a few DJ companies who have DJs working for them like I was kind of talking about they send DJs out to do these events and they'll do a lot of the client coordination with them but in southern Minnesota the primary market that I kind of want to exploit there's only two DJs where I'm from and the Rochester area has a couple but as far as that I know I can show that this model is very successful and affordable for the client one last question really fun that's one of the ways you differentiate what do you do well we do some line dances we lead some dances try to get the crowd involved and get them to learn some new dances that they maybe haven't done and they like it just seeing the look on their faces they love it going out and talking to them and asking them what kind of music do you want to hear what is it that you're liking about tonight just being out there with the crowd and being sexual and making yourself incredible because otherwise it's just a guy out there or a girl playing music and no one really knows who the heck they are just being yourself with the crowd