Everybody forced here ripping 2022 mosaic football choice 20 bucks full case number two tier check the results anytime late sports cards calm Let's go ahead and get started. There's a Lincoln chat for you as well West Palm I'm sure I'm surely I'll try to get to some card shows try. How many we're busy here, so But yeah, I'm well know the weekend after that we'll be we'll be here in a popka the popka show has been good for us We sponsor that one. I'm for sure going to the poppy show next time. I think If we go like I think you pay the entry it's like two bucks to get in two bucks to get in but they raffle stuff with your entry I pay it. I want the show to make money. I want the show to keep going, right? I Didn't used to do it by monthly and I felt like that turnout was not as good was that is consistent like sometimes you'd go and there'd only be like 15 tables But now you go and it's pretty full in there It's good time though. All right, let's get started. We will do a recap on this one some of the bigger color and then every auto Of course, see law is accuracy not there. That's things Silver Seahawks quandre digs mosaic rookie Trent Mcduffie for the Chiefs Yeah, it's a Katie or crook yada for the Browns solid hit for the Browns I believe that's his first rookie card if I'm not mistaken Pretty good rookie kicker to get red and yellow Mike Woods Browns rookie 22 of 80 JJ Watt Cardinals red and yellow 40 of 80 Sam Howell commanders debut 24 of 80 Red and green rookies trail on Berks Titans in quay Walker Packers Yeah, the public show is never like huge but sometimes it's pretty good. We've had some pretty big pickups there nice sales, but I haven't I haven't been in that and probably and probably a year so I should go Silver Niners Eli Mitchell mosaic Xavier McKinney Giants the issue is it ends at 3 p.m. And I always work until 2 a.m. On Friday. It's like I'll get there within, you know like an hour Redemption Seahawks Kenneth Walker the third rookie auto mosaic choice fusion red and yellow. There you go Seattle Nice car Nice or red and yellow rookie Garrett Wilson debut for the Jets 21 of 80 Justin Tucker Raven 74 of 80 commanders Antonio Gibson 53 of 80 Red and green K.D. York Browns and Samori Torre for the Packers What's going on Mike? Yeah, Derek Henry show now Choice is normally more because you're you get more number parallels You get chance at peacocks and like black and gold and stuff. So it's usually like that for mosaic and prism I would say And like that nebulas are pretty sought after rookie silver Tyler Algear Falcons mosaic rookie Bengals Daxon Hill Saxons rookie auto Derek Stingley Jr. Yeah, I thought the Jags would show up better Yeah, Red and yellow 20 of a Sally Jags 36 of 80 Steelers red and yellow TJ Watts 31 of 80 and Rookie peacock lions Aiden Hutchinson That's really cool Berry G with the lions very nice love that Yeah, good stuff there for sure Red and green Cam Taylor Britt Bengals and George Pickens Steelers nice pickens, too. It's good box Those red and greens do pretty well also right player Yeah, he's not on today Silver rookie Jelani Woods Colts mosaic rookie Steelers is George Pickens And I fell debut Demption here is Rashad white rookie auto Choice fusion red and yellow buccaneers He did look pretty good towards the end of the season though Rashad white seem to be like a trusted like passing down guy Red and yellow Ronda Elmore Cardinals 6 of 80 Michael Thomas Saints 40 of 80 and Eagles Devontae Smith 61 of 80 Red and green another K, New York for the Browns and some more two-way Packers. Oh, yeah, definitely not over yet Just feels like the the Jags just can't break through not consistent tonight You can join a late in sports cards.com got a break scheduled there all the breaks are full for tonight But we have a schedule we're scheduled out through Wednesday currently. Let's keep rolling. Yes. We do ship to UK. It's free. We do Once a month shipping international You're just responsible for any import Tariff duties taxes, whatever maybe these But free out of our door rookie silver Eagles Jordan Davis mosaic rookie Ravens Tyler Beatty Falcons rookie auto Arnold Epic Epic Eti a Epic Eti Red and yellow Raiders rookies a mere white 68 of 80 Marquise Brown Cardinals 39 of 80 and Herschel Walker Cowboys 58 of 80 Red and green Rookie Texans John Matchy the third and Jermaine Johnson the second for the Jets Are you even sure the Jags gonna get the ball back? With the way the Titans are running the ball right now Yeah, I picked Jackson. I mean I picked Jackson with my heart. I want I want them to win So now let me have the card Silver Justin Herbert Chargers mosaic for the Jags Christian Kirk Rookie auto 49ers Danny Gray Derrick young Seattle 71 of 80 Bucking Ears black and gold Chris Godwin eight of eight. Nice There you go bucks Sweet card there quarter L. Patterson Falcon 74 of 80 Red and green rookies Louis scene for the Vikings and Taekwondo and Pat's Purple auto sneaker what what products silver rookie Wanda Robbins and Giants mosaic PJ Watt Steelers Lions of the Aiden Hutchinson rookie auto sure they got it Fullback push dogs just shoved them Red and yellow Rookie tearing Davis price Niners 74 of 80 Wow black and gold Patrick Mahomes the second Six out of eight There you go. That is the national pride variation as well big card chiefs. Oh, yeah, we're magging that Black and gold Mahomes MVP MVP Red and yellow digs for the bills 58 of 80 Red and green Rookie Cardinals Trey McBride and Josh Pascal for the Alliance Can't go wrong Drew. Yeah, Josh Dobbs Rookie. Who is here Rookie with the Steelers, right? There for a couple years, I think you've got silver rookie Atlanta Atlanta Falcons Desmond Ritter and mosaic Jamal Williams in the Lions Oh, that's really cool Black and gold auto chiefs Harrison but Kerr number two of eight He has only the black and gold parallels if I'm not if I'm not mistaken. So he only has eight autos in this set Go nice but Kerr chiefs crushing all of a sudden Malik Willis red and yellow 15 of 80 for the Titans Buddha Baker red and yellow Cardinals 23 of 80 Trubisky Steelers 53 of 80 Red and greens Cowboys Jake Ferguson commanders Brian Robinson jr. Try to antagonize the Eagles fans Eagles fans always want to make it about themselves. I know I know All right, silver Khalil Mack chargers mosaic Antonio Gibson commanders Rookie auto for the Giants cave on thibbadoe Red and yellow Rookie Seahawks bow Melton number 62 of 80. Oh, let's go scoop and score. Let's go Jags Unbelievable unbelievable. Wow black gold Rookie cave on thibbadoe one of a Giants Awesome card their Giants Have the auto the same box, right? Yeah, the cave on thibbadoe box The force Buckner peacock for the Colts We go red and green Rookie's chief skymore and Steelers Calvin Austin the third They better not they better not they might call that they better not they're gonna call that a forward pass aren't they? They're gonna call forward pass aren't they? Arm gets hit Technically pushes the ball with his hand technically pushes the ball And I'm pretty sure that's the rule, right? Silver Tony Giants mosaic Travis Heatsy and jr. Jags. I'll be amazed if it doesn't get over here Rookie auto lions Aiden Hutchinson another one here Red and yellow trailance 39 of 80 for the 49ers Oh, no What I'm very shocked actually good thing. They got that snap way. Don't get don't don't I get reviewed Well, I get reviewed in in like and let the real essence of football That was a fumble and the real essence of football. That's a fumble But by the NFL's rule they could have called that a forward pass of their review Cuz his arm goes like that with the ball in his hand still because there was a situation like that last week in a game and it It was like a 50-50 call they called today. I think that I mean they review all the scores. So Rolling in the field, right Bengals black and gold now Joe burrow We're cooking two of eight Big-time cards in this case. We're barely halfway through. Oh, no This is the halfway point actually right now That's awesome a sauce gardener red and yellow 20 of 80 for the Jets now I mean if you're tight into any guy be a little upset that I wasn't reviewed Oh, yeah, we're getting green rookie Cardinals train McBride Lions Josh Pascal. I mean, don't they say all sparring plays are reviewed. So technically it was I feel like with the division online with like three minutes to go in the fourth They would probably like have an actual review Just saying that from like a neutral perspective That they would like take a second to look at it, but Hey Is what it is. Sorry Titans fans silver Jalen waddle dolphins mosaic Max Crosby Raiders Rookie out of Bears Vila stones, Jr Vegas made a call to the refs. Yep, exactly. I was gonna say man that arm is moving forward Just depends on like what they think he has control of it in any way We're out in yellow D hop Cardinals cannot move this card away 62 of 80 Zach Wilson Jets numbered two of 80 Jets Elijah Moore 29 of 80 Red and green Cowboys rookie Jake Ferguson and Brian Robinson, Jr. Commanders silver Vikings Adam Thelan mosaic warren moon for the Oilers goes to the Titans Alex Smith auto chiefs There you go chiefs. I wouldn't say for sure a fumble. Yeah, I wouldn't either it didn't like pop out of his hand Horderl Patterson 62 of 80 for the Falcons 20 Bacelli Jags 79 of 80 before like six years ago That would have been a fumble all through and through TJ watt 69 of 80 for the Steelers, but they changed that rule and now it's like You could have like barely control and you push and that's they call it a forward pass Falcons rookie red and green Desmond Ritter and bucks Kate Otten for key red green. No, no it popped out but like How does the ball go forward that far? You know I'm saying that's all I'm saying I'm glad I went the Jags way and I think they need to change the rule They've been legit last week said it if there's one frame of the ball going forward in the quarterbacks hand It's technically incomplete. That's what that's last week. Yeah, rookie silver debut Johan dots and commanders, but this just goes to the NFL inconsistency NFL wraps are the worst in all of sports It's not close. It's really bad. Was it James Washington for the Cowboys the red and yellow rookie auto for the Colts Jelani Woods They've got to do something that holds the rest more Yeah, something red and yellow Broncos Russell Wilson 76 of 80 and Deontay Johnson Steelers 42 of 80 Bucking ears peacock Brad Johnson Yeah, that's that exactly look it's like it's a weird gray area I didn't call the field would have stood anyway or should have Red and green rookie Jetsauce Gardner and Greg Dulcich Broncos. I Just I don't like that rule. I will say that I Think at the quarterback, it's hit and the ball pops out like that. That should be that should be a You know, that should be a fumble Right, and that's how it is That's how it is when it comes to like soccer too is like and when it comes down to it Only the captains can like talk to the refs and argue with the refs and stuff like after a few seconds So are the Marjax and Ravens mosaic bottle driver Packers Kyle Phillips auto rookie for the Titans Yes, I know the ball was rolling out of his hand would hit. I've said that so many times now But I'm saying his arm still push the ball forward and we've seen that been called an incomplete pass before yeah Rock party rookie red and yellow 75 of 80 for the Niners literally just depends on who the head official is Red and yellow Chuba Hubbard Panthers 31 of 80 and Lamar Jackson Raven 17 of 80 nice Running green rookie trail on Burke's Titans and quay Walker Packers Yeah, but that's debatable Sean. It's debatable that he had control or not We have seen that exact throw or non throw whatever you want to call it call the forward pass before I've seen it. I've seen it happen to my own quarterback when Tom Brady was at the Patriots. I've seen it happen with him I've seen it happen There's no consistency Rookie slower debut Sam Howell commanders and that's why the Titans could be a little upset Mosaic jet Zach Wilson rookie auto chiefs sky more Justin Fields running yellow 39 of 80 for the Bears The ball went pretty far forward after like he's pushed it It's all I'm saying ready yellow Pletcher Cox Eagle 72 of 80 Peacock rookie Pat's Tyquan Thornton Oh, yeah, they're gonna be talking about all day Like I said in the essence of the game, that's a fumble like they should just change the rule I think bangles Cam Taylor Britt like unless you have complete control that should be a fumble Bangles Cam Taylor Britt Steelers George Pickens. I'm curious to see what the Also, I didn't say should be overturned or whatever I just said they should probably have taken a longer look at that with the division on the line with three minutes They go in the game. Yeah Silver Joey Bosa Chargers mosaic Eddie George Titans Luicine rookie auto Vikings I'm done about it. I ran in yellow Eagles on the McNabb 72 of 80 Titans rookie Kyle Phillips 26 of 80 Jim and Kelly bills 34 of 80 red and green Pat's rookie Bailey zappy and Bangles Daxon Hill Hope the bar comes your that's what I think I just want to answer Honestly Jags win silver rookie Chiefs Brian Cook mosaic Texans Davis Mills Giants rookie auto K-Bunk Debedo Interesting card to get right here, especially right now Dolphins rookie black and gold Skyler Thompson You guys think he's gonna lead him into the playoffs Five of eight Sean is an example. Hey, man. You never know You never know You go Dolvin's nice card right now, especially Running yellow or a shot white bucks 62 of 80 Peacock how you check Niners Reading green rookie Chiefs sky more and Calvin Austin the third Steelers so Two downs to get 12 yards here. They said two time outs. I mean, I think the Jags win it now Titans got the score a touchdown silver Crosby for the Bengals or sorry Raiders mosaic Brady Bucks Rookie Auto Colts Alec Pierce Colts Yeah, hasn't panned out. I think he can still turn into a good QB. He's he's he was always a guy that needed time, right? Rookie red and yellow Danny Gray 31 of 89ers black and gold rookie Browns Mike Woods four of eight There we go. There's been a lot of black and gold this case. Yes. It's been pretty good Kyler red and yellow Cardinals 67 of 80. Yeah, I don't necessarily feel bad for Willis I was gonna say it's not like Red and green rookie Vikings Lewis sign and type on Thornton Pats At the end of the day, he's still making a good one. Good amount money to be on the bench Hopefully he can kind of put it together and progress as a passer because you know, he's got wheels We know he's powerful. He has a strong arm Probably got to get better at like reading defenses since the NFL and all that Liberty probably didn't have the most like pro offense or competition Silverbuck's Tom Brady mosaic Justin Fields Bears He started that Auburn then played for he played at Liberty Rookie out of pier strong junior Patriots Red and yellow bills Devin Singletary 22 of 80. Oh sick card black and gold sauce gardener NFL debut jets three of eight Sweet hit jets that's going in a mag black and gold sauce That's awesome, man You got Seahawks for shot pennies 64 of 80 Red and green rookie Colts Jelani Woods and Lions Janice and Williams Yes, hopefully will as can develop. He just needs to work. He's rough around the edges Still like him though. I just like his ceiling. I mean, I don't know why you throw that ball You may as well throw a pick but they on the sticks, right? Yeah, silver MBS chiefs mosaic rookie Brock Purdy Niners Looks like the Jags are going to the playoffs That's what we don't hear over there as long as um Let's see Now they have enough time around the clock Carson strong rookie Otto Eagles are in some miracle young haiku Falcons 31 of 80 Chris Carson red and yellow Seahawks 16 of 80 Quinn and Williams red and yellow 71 of 80 for the Jets. What do you guys think Eagles Jags Super Bowl Doug Peterson revenge? That would be awesome But I mean Eagles live No, Desmond Ritter red and green Falcons and K dot and red and green bucks I think he looked and was like I think my guy can get this But like he wasn't close to the I don't know just not a great decision He may as well just throw it in the triple coverage at that point on sticks Okay, let's do a recap now. That's a really good break Whatever play they ran was covered too. Well, you got the guy that really in your starter in there. All right Here we go. So we'll recap. There's a lot of nice color up top here. Then we'll go through all the autos So again black and golds are to eight peacocks are non numbered and then the red and yellows are to 80 I just picked out some of the nicer. We did all the black and gold some of the nicer red and yellows So there's Mike Woods Browns. How do you check Niners? Skyler Thompson Dolphins? Tyquan Thornton Pats Brock Purdy Niners Brad Johnson bucks sauce Gardner jets the forest buckner Colts cave on Thibodeau Giants Malik Willis Titans Chris Godwin bucks Peacock Aiden Hutchinson Lions Garrett Wilson jets of the debut Autos now it Carson strong Eagles peer strong junior Pats Alec Pierce Colts cave on Thibodeau Giants Lewis Seen the Vikings Skymore Chiefs Kyle Phillips Titans Jelani Woods Colts Alec Smith Chiefs Vylish Jones Junior Bears Aiden Hutchinson Lions cave on Thibodeau Giants black and gold Harrison butler chiefs Noice Aiden Hutchinson Lions Danny Gray Niners Arnold Abeketier for the Falcons Redemption Rashad white bucks red and yellow auto Derek Stingley Texans Kenneth Walker the third Seahawks redemption red and yellow and K New York for the Browns We have black and gold sauce Gardner jets that one's three of eight on the NFL debut Great card there black and gold Joe Burrow Bengals two of eight and Black and gold Patrick Mahomes the second Six of eight for the Chiefs on the national pride variation Thanks, everybody. We got mosaic hobby coming up now


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Monday in Honolulu, Hawaii and to my left is my co-host Russell Liu and I want to welcome him and all the viewers with a happy New Year of the Rooster. Yes. We are going to be really delving into the world of the new year that started up in the in throughout Asia and wherever they celebrate the New Year of the Rooster and we're going to be talking first about a huge human phenomenon called returning home during New Year. Russell, what does this mean for China and when does it start and when does this end? This is a great coming home. Well a short anecdote though to this. I received a frantic phone call this weekend Ray. It's a friend he's here in Hawaii saying can you please help me.  Right. And I laughed I laughed because you know it's one of these things that if you don't live in China you're not aware. It's the largest human migration in the world. It happens this time of the year. It happens on the first day of the lunar calendar for the Chinese year and the last day of the celebration when people are returning back to their homes and you know it's a big phenomenon because everybody that works in the cities they all have roots somewhere outside the cities so they all have to go back home and they celebrate New Year and also the spring festivals. So in fact I was talking to some other colleagues in Beijing and they just returned back to work to the offices yesterday. So this is the biggest migration in the world and it's estimated three billion people are on the move so you can't get a ticket on planes. So what did you tell your friends about them stranded in Shanghai? Well I said good luck. I don't think there's much you could do but they didn't manage to find their way and you know they're probably much more frequent to train so if you don't mind getting on the train and it's still very hard to get a train ticket. So what typically happens I told them go and buy the most expensive train ticket in first class buy your own train ticket buy your own little caboose or sit in front that's the best way to get back and also you know they have now the bullet trains all over from Beijing and Shanghai so I said to well maybe everybody's in the bullet train try to get a first class ticket on the O train the overnight train that goes from Shanghai to Beijing and Beijing Shanghai and they did find a ticket so they're lucky knock on what? Well that's great you know 20 years ago when I started to visit China and so forth this phenomenon really didn't exist people did go home but I think what you're talking about is that it's related to the economic development of vitality that there's a lot of migrant laborers you know in the big cities there's a lot of students who are in studying now in universities in Beijing Shanghai Guangdong and also there are special economic zones like Sen Zen that didn't exist the 20 years ago and there they are people from all over China working in special economic zones and really interacting with each other that didn't exist before they were all you know 20 30 40 years ago they used to be in their village for life well you know the interesting thing about it we go through a 20 30-year period with the economic development of China Ray people have money people moving the cities people working cities special economic zones and and also you had the hookah card so you had a restriction travel but now they've kind of done a way of that people could travel freely in China local citizens but the biggest impact I think that I've seen is because the economic rise of China we're not just seeing travel in China many of the fluent Chinese or middle class will travel they'll leave China and they travel to the US and we saw here locally and I'm going to tell you my observations that kind of astounds me to see this growth this economic growth it's spilling across borders you know we live in a world where there's no borders and so this past weekend I went to a celebration it was put together by the mainland Chinese overseas association now this started about 20 30 years ago and my wife's a member of it she's from China and I used to felt bad because there are very few mainland Chinese people here they don't celebrate it a very handful but I went to this banquet they had over 600 people they turn away people well this was the game in town right this was the event that if you wanted to see how China has changed its impact they're all there at this celebration every table was filled and they even brought an entertainer famous entertainment from Beijing who played music so we're seeing that locally in our community but greater more so the impact is I was at Alamoana and I saw that the Alamoana Shopping Center on a Saturday brought up 20 something 20 lying down that's great yeah yeah I was there and you were there so you saw that so they went around they did the traditional lying down said all the vendors to wish them good luck right following that week we saw in Waikiki a similar show of lying down clubs all over wiki so we're seeing something that is the impact of the economic growth of China it's spilling across borders which gets into our topic that we're gonna talk about you know that our trade policy so forth now you bring up a very good point because traditionally when we talked about the Chinese in Hawaii they came from one area which was in the south the Guangdong area and they migrated here from you know the middle of the 19th century the Chinese were in the plantations they're working they were in trade and so forth and even as late as the 50s and 60s it was more or less concentrated in Chinatown through the Guangdong you know kind of schools or and it was heavily Cantonese the language and now you have a quite a rise in people from the mainland who are Mandarin speakers correct so so so language is a big change from just 20 30 years ago and the other is culturally they're coming from bigger cities that usually did not see them before from Beijing Shanghai so forth in in Hawaii now these people who attended the big celebration would you say they're you know business people are their students are they you know tourists what kind of mix are they what's a very good question right I think the first thing it raises language and you know I'm amazed because previously 20 30 years ago you only heard Cantonese right and most of her were more labor type right from Zhong San traditionally where they had ties with the the Chinese here but now it's Mandarin I'm going to safeway the next safeway I hear Mandarin so I go everywhere I hear Mandarin and it's amazing that we're seeing a shift you know with with the shift of people shift of humans coming here that means the shift of capital you know that's coming here money it's coming here and even you know as a child when I heard the words Gumi Fat Choi I thought that meant happy New Year in Chinese but of course that's Cantonese yes it's not she didn't quite laugh which is that which is the Mandarin way so we're seeing more and more money coming from not the traditional old generational ties placed like jokes on we're seeing jokes on it's really not a big city okay that but we're seeing come from Beijing Wuhan and I just had a meeting the other day with a Chinese developer who got his green card I understand from the EB-5 program he's done some hotels in California with through the EB-5 program finding investors from China he's had once a sexual project that closed out near the Makaloy area near Don Kilie and I'm sorry excuse me by Walmart and he's doing another development with the EB-5 and he even has a showroom in Waikiki shopping Plaza and he's not only bringing Chinese money he's bringing Japanese and Korean investors who want to who want to invest in the US so he's from Wuhan so we're seeing that's the city that you know of course is an industrial city you know in the middle part of China so that's a name that you know I used to know very much but it's not a name that would resonate you know 20 30 years ago and nobody you would never meet a person from Wuhan you think where would this person come from exactly and and so we're seeing that you know and then I and you know we're seeing Morphless and and he is coming to this town and developing bringing money and you know so we're seeing a different kind of Chinese now but we're seeing the effects of a global world more and more fluent Chinese are coming here investing money so back to the dinner I just wanted you to comment you know what was the makeup of the people you just said that there was that a profile of a business person entrepreneur you know coming out like a first-generation coming out and then really going you know full speed ahead on projects real estate and so forth so are they all real estate connected are they going to be going into other areas that Hawaii really needs like high-tech or you know products for exporting back to Asia what do you think well you know I think it's weird the first wave of investments going to be really real estate because that's the first basis of wealth for Chinese having property real estate I think for this economy we're not so much business-friendly as maybe in other states we don't have heavy manufacturing we don't have Silicon Valley but I'm hoping that if the real estate they come in here it's higher cap high and capital but if the state realizes that you know you have a really interesting network of people you're having Mark Zuckerberg who is a favorite in China now making his home in Kauai we need we need to better networking these opportunities the Chinese will come but we need to figure ways we need to diversify our economy that gets me another point so this is part of it is the economic part of aspect of Hawaii and the fact is that you know tourism we could depend on that at one time but with the many destinations around the world being developed with internet the Chinese were the biggest travel group tourism group and spend the most money they're finding other place not only Hawaii the also the other aspect is that you know with that the Chinese are starting to look at investing other places I'm San Francisco has a great program to attract the Chinese investors the Silicon Valley is moving into the city but again these are new industries that we should look at you know to put computers today internet you can work just one any place in the world it's it's how we pick and choose but you're right about you know within China itself that if you saw the types of industries the top 100 billionaires many of them are in real estate like Wanda for example Italian but others are in the companies that we think of more as Chinese like the Huawei is the hires of the nobles you know more high-tech kind of companies but they're the brands that are coming out to the US and and we were not really seeing what the great investments in mixed-use or commercial developments are happening Shanghai Beijing and other other cities I think what's there they're really working hard and getting that experience within China and then going outside two cities but you're correct that there are other cities like San Francisco or Seattle or LA or the West Coast or even Las Vegas that's really really promoting their cities for investment by Chinese and really rolling out the red carpet so we are of course a tourist destination but how can we make that one more level for an investment well I think I think what we have to look at a core strength there right one of the core strengths that we have here we're an Asian culture city so there's a comfort zone like the Japanese travelers that became investors we welcome that so we should do the same with the Chinese but what I think is important is that we don't have a Harvard here we don't have an MIT but we have great preparatory education college preparatory education marital school for example has now come out with an immersion program for the Chinese language we're seeing of course Pono has a well center Yolani school has this the innovation center which is very very key and we'll go back and delve more into the role of preparatory education in attracting investment or as part of a whole strategy in one minute hi this is Jane Sugimura I'm the co-host for condo insider and we're on think tech Hawaii every Thursday at three o'clock and we're here to talk about condominium living and issues that affect condominium residents and owners and I hope you'll join us every week on Thursday Aloha this is Kaley Akina with the weekly a Hana Coco let's work together program on the think tech Hawaii broadcast network Mondays at two o'clock p.m. movers and shakers and great ideas join us we'll see you then Aloha hello my name is crystal let me tell you my talk show I'm all about health it's healthy to talk about sex it's healthy to talk about things that people don't talk about it's healthy to discuss things that you think are unhealthy because you need to talk about it so I welcome you to watch clock talk and engage in some provocative discussions on things that do relate to healthy issues and have a well-balanced attitude in life join me come back to think tech Asia and rolling out the red carpet for investors from China and Russell was just talking about before the break on the role of preparatory education to really be part of our strategy and to create a comfortable investment climate for Chinese entrepreneurs and you were talking about your Lani Marino Pono Hall these are all kinds of schools are now doing immersion programs in Mandarin cultivating you know relationships so that there's more children coming and they they're tiger moms maybe maybe in the same neighborhood you know as part of the families that are coming to stay with them or or at least support them when they're in school now this whole preparatory education part it has has it just grown like organically or is there some kind of strategy in mind all right you know you know I've been in Chinese for I mean Beijing for 13 14 years and I also teach at law schools and I teach university students and what I've seen is that the growth is because China had a going out policy in 2001 they want the Chinese companies to go out establish themselves outside in the western world very important because you know to get to the next level like the US in the 1930s we had the growth of the multinationals with Coca-Cola with IBM all that wouldn't be possible without education and the buzzwords in China's innovation you know it's very hard in a Chinese system because there's so many few seats for students in college good colleges you're talking about beta beta all the good schools so the other thing is that the Chinese started a language policy over 30 40 years ago with students in the primary school level started to learn English as a core requirement so they have this English language thing the Chinese government knew that the language of business English so fast forward now Chinese companies need to go outside they need human resource they need the capacity ability and the capability of human resources to take the Chinese companies to the next level so they can have middle management and upper management so the role of the education is very important so now parents are starting to see that and they send their kids out from started from a high college level now it's high school now it's middle school and I'll give a little anecdote I've been contacted by groups to help them to bring kids here what they want to do is they want to have some English learning classes that come here during the summer and they want to have time with American students to practice their English and guess the age of the kids why don't you take a guess oh eight nine ten years old no kindergarten so you know where I'm coming from where I'm saying wow this is not a free way to build an educational industry travel industry where they come with their moms to bring the kindergarten kids and until they grow up you've got good 15 years for them to come back every year starting educational programs and of course there's so much clean air and a great environment cleaner and another thing knock on wood they're less and less going to Europe because of the terroristic things and so this becomes a very ideal place we have direct flights we need more hotel rooms but again these are things that it's a it's a special niche so with that comes people who have money children and they get to mix with our kids and possibly if we planned this right at somewhere along the line we need to in our high school system have more innovation centers like the 180 Eolani school where Chinese kids could come for the summer or the holidays learn the English and and do some innovation projects and these are great things that we can capitalize on so well education is is a great export market when you think about it because it's not polluting it's it's you know knowledge based and we have great teachers and many many teachers throughout Hawaii but we're talking about the new year and also during the last week there's been developments with the new president and the whole Asian region there was a visit by Defense Secretary Mattis to South Korea and Japan and also interactions with China before that at Davos Xi Jinping having a great reception there as a world kind of leader at that conference and what is the view from China dealing with as we're spent two weeks now two weeks with the new administration any any signs that that the governments in Asia are responding or reacting in certain ways well I think I think for the governments in Asia we're talking about Korea and Japan Vietnam all these countries Singapore you know they're taking a very cautious attitude because remember China is in the backyard big trading partner South Korea's biggest trading partner is China it's a big trading partner with Japan so this is a delicate balancer but I think we've got to go back to prior to the election prior to President Trump and and you have to remember he accused China of manipulating his currency he accused that China was stealing its jobs away that he's going to slap a 45 percent tariff on Chinese goods we had also the TPP right so I think which the U.S. under the new administration is not really exploring anymore which has grabbed it but what does this mean for China well China has been planning ahead with this it's been forging ties closer to Central South America plans to build a massive railway to for the for goods to be moved across Latin America so that China can move things from the both oceans across and so there's a lot of things going on but I but the really key turning point to talk about Davos this was China's stage and President Xi Jinping stated something that I think was no surprise he says we support free trade we support globalization and he said that China is going to do everything you can to promote trade investment to liberalization and his reasoning was that many of the problems from the world today is not caused by economic globalization he said because whether you like it or not globalization is the big ocean you cannot escape from because with the internet everybody sees things everybody has knowledge so goods are moved freely across borders so we come to a new age where in China's whole thing is they welcome President Trump because he is believe not he is putting China on the stage now we're going to see alliances shifting we're going to see countries having to choose and now europe is going to get close to China with again with President Trump's announcement that we're not going to support NATO the financial end of it so again all this is is playing to the hands of Chinese that means that they become center stage that means that this is going to be the catalyst for them to be a global leader more so and so again these are things that validates Xi Jinping's power in China he's going to be there for a while so all these things are making China actually much more relevant and much more important in today's world in the symbolic area that the defense secretary chose South Korea Japan as first countries to visit I think does reflect a strong feeling within the administration that it has to bolster those relationships and now one place that's been quite recently is North Korea and of course China has has kind of a supportive role in in with North Korea as I think China is the only friend it has and so but it has been quite and that's South Korea and both Japan are really really sensitive to any North Korean missile launches and so forth the other place that of course China is sensitive on the other side is that that the high altitude radar missile network in South Korea that they see as looking into China looking into you know way into Chinese space so again the first visits were more of a security kind of symbolic impetus from the Trump administration not trade however everything that China has been doing has been about trade has been about economics for for the region so but you're correct that things are still being formulated still being discussed there's going to be a lot more I guess discussions as we as we go forward but it's but it's interesting that you know there has been already a ambassador named for the US side going to Beijing the governor from the Midwest and and I think that that's a sign that Trump considers a very strong person in Beijing to really work with the Xi Jinping government well I think that's a good observation about having some for the Midwest because remember that's what carrot President Trump the election the Midwest the key states blue states but but I think you have to take a look and understand the Chinese culture and history thousands of years it has really not gotten into wars outside of the borders except for the Korean War it's been a nation that it has a long-standing civilization education much more important economy the money is more important and and the military analysis say that not to 2030 will China be able to catch up with the US military so I think China understands that and if you look with the the liberal policy for Chinese students to go abroad you have three quarter million students that are going to college in the US so what are they doing they're actually building a capacity they're building a human resource capacity and capability so that they can take the Chinese companies outside of China and to manage the Chinese companies and that's the key to where the Chinese are headed not militarily more economics so again with Trump's presidency I think China is happy because it's time for them now to go center stage it's time for them to advance globalization economic policies with Europe afraid of Putin who better to have on your side well and and going back to your point about middle managers and so forth the thing about Japan right now is that it's being criticized for not creating jobs in the US and so there's been a great program by others to really send the soft bank presence on others but also there was the head of Alibaba in the US talking about new jobs so so there is also another line that China is going to be working on to create plants and manufacturing and new jobs in particularly in the in the Midwest for Americans to be employed by Chinese companies or investment investors in that region and you're right we talked about a previous show about Fuyang glass the largest automotive glass company and they decided to to bring the glasses to the US the industry and the Chinese are very smart because I used to be with a Midwest law firm it's their Beijing office and and you know the day would come I said that you know the Chinese are going to come to the Midwest and they're going to create jobs and I used to fly back and flights between the Midwest and Beijing I would be astounded by a number of engineers that were going from from China to the Midwest to work in programs and really they're building the human capacity the technical the middle management I see kids also young kids this is 10 years ago they would send them a month in Ohio at some school for language so again it's interesting how China takes a more of a long-term viewpoint very pragmatic and I think Japan is in the right thing but I think for Japan I think what they need to do speed up the curve is a language capability because you know when it comes down to it I'm saying culture and language you know is a key and perhaps like you said for a college for the high school they'll even going into kindergarten maybe this should be a reciprocal program for Hawaii children to go to Wuhan and Beijing Shanghai and study there and then you know get immersed in Chinese culture and language and become employed by investors in Hawaii yes and then that that's what will allow investors come here see that your language capability and that's very important because when your language capability


Welcome back to the problem solving session at Center Academy. We'll look at one more question today. This is a theory question now. And the question is for three marks. Again, I have tried to mention both the Hindi and the English versions of the question. Now please note it has two parts and the marks are three. So definitely one part has to have one marks and the second part has to have two marks. So whenever you answer this question, you should have this clearly in mind as to what the question is asking for and how many marks is it asked for. So let's read the question. It says, why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity? Now this is a one marker question. The expected keywords or points would be maximum two. So you have to make sure that there are two most important keywords that you involve in the answer. So how would you answer this? So you would write the answer number. This is one of the most important things to write the right answer number when you're answering a question. So you say answer 11, part A, and why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity? The answer to this question is that carbon compounds are mostly formed of covalent bonds. So there are very little charges or free electrons available as are in ionic compounds and therefore they do not conduct electricity. So what we would write this is, please do not just write because they are covalent compounds. So no, that's not a good way to answer it. So it's a good idea to write most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity because, so we would write this as most carbon compounds, most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity because they are covalent compounds, they are covalent compounds with no free electrons or ions available for conduction of electricity. So this would actually complete your answer and would fetch more marks. If you have time and if you get enough time, please understand covalent, please underline covalent compounds and no free electrons. It's a good idea to underline the keywords whenever at the end of the paper, maybe with the pencil or with just the pen and to highlight that, these are the keywords that are important. So that's how you would actually do question 11th A. Now this would fetch one mark. Let's try question 11th B. Now in question 11th B, they say write the name and structure of a saturated compound in which carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. Name the, give the number of single bonds present in this compound. Now please note they have asked any saturated compound in which carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. We can write cyclohexane, cyclopentane, cyclobutane, all of that would fetch marks, but there are two parts to this. They are also asking you number of single bonds present in the compound and they are also asking the name and the structure. So there are three parts that we have to mention. So you would say answer. So if you have to write an answer to this, we would say answer 11th B and we would write this as first. For example, let's try with cyclobutane. So we know this is cyclobutane and then you draw a structure with four. Since it is butane, it would have four carbons in it. So we have four carbons. Please note, do not forget to write the hydrogens. So there will be a hydrogen at each end. This is in hydrogen at each end and you realize now you also write that the number of single bonds, please note it is saturated. So do not write any double bonds. Saturated would have all single bonds and then we will write number of single bonds is equal to, let's count them. So there are eight hydrogens. So eight single bonds and there are four carbons. So four single bonds there. So eight plus four, 12. So we have 12 single bonds in this solution. Now please note, the mucking scheme for this answer would be that you would be given half a mark for writing the name and drawing the formula correctly and half a mark for writing the total number of single bonds. So this would fetch you a complete one. So this is for two markers. So half for cyclobutane, half for one mark for writing the structure and half mark for writing number of single bonds.  Please note the answer is written in a complete sketch. Do not simply write C4H8. You have to write the structure and therefore it is important to write the expanded form. So that's the answer for a three marker question. We'll be looking at some more problems. See you soon in the next problem session. Thank you so much. Bye.


Okay, we are live. So thank you to everyone for joining. We have a virtual Hyperledger meetup today about harmonizing cross-chain interrupt for financial market infrastructures. We have a couple of speakers today. We have Dominic Fox from R3 and Peter Moonians from Eddhara. They're gonna go over the new Harmonia Lab. I'll drop a link to that in the Zoom chat so you can check out their repo. I'll also send all of this information to everyone who signed up after the meeting as well. But with that, Peter and Dominic, I'll let you take it away. Thanks very much, Dave. And big thanks to Hyperledger Foundation for hosting this event and for hosting Harmonia as well. It's been a good partnership. So I'll introduce myself and I'll hand over to Dom to introduce himself. I'm Peter Moonians, I'm the founder of Eddhara. We primarily work, more exclusively actually work with tokenized deposits with banks and central bank settlement tokens. And we work largely in the Ethereum space, although we are platform-agnostic from that perspective and have been and continue to do work with R3 and call it to you, Dominic. And Peter, sorry to interrupt really quickly, but your audio is maybe a little quiet. So if you could speak up a little bit more. I'll try and bump that up before Dominic uses himself. So hi, everyone, I'm Dominic Fox. I'm a principal software engineer here at R3. At R3, we build the Recorder Platform, which is a private permissions distributed ledger technology. In recent years, especially everybody in the world has been asking us for inter-op capabilities and is very interested in how we inter-op with Ethereum in particular, but also that the wider world. So Harmonium is sort of us trying to come to the table, particularly looking for ways to inter-op with Ethereum in the first instance, but also kind of work out what reliable inter-op patterns across distributed ledger chains actually look like and trying to get into really into the depth of how to make that work. So yeah, it's been a great experience trying to pull together this hyper ledger lab with Adara and Peter and his team. I'm delighted with the way it's gone so far. I hope that what we can present to everybody else is an exciting interest. Okay, so things Harmonium is not. It's not this, this is a Harmonium. Nor was it that, that's a harmonica. Actually, since I put these slides together, another thing called Harmonium appeared in the world, which is a virtual synthesizer created by Cherry Audio, which is a really nice kind of modern synthesizer, but Harmonium isn't that high. So Harmonia is, came out of, shall we say, an initiative driven by a group of banks to help create common patterns and standards for interoperability between digital assets ledgers or platforms in order to simplify the atomic settlement of delivery versus payment transactions. So it's quite tightly scoped. We're working in these, with these FMI's and these banks, financial market infrastructure companies, exclusively at the moment on the publishing blockchain. Sounds like she's talking, can you hear me right? Yeah, I muted that person. I can hear you fine. Great. So, yeah, a number of banks that are either shareholders of or participants in a number of emerging digital asset platforms, either cash or securities. And the risk for those banks is that as those platforms scale, they end up managing a plethora of gateways, interfaces, data formats, and specifically, we refocused interrupt mechanisms. So the ask really was, can we provide a place where everyone can contribute to establish some standard patterns? Can we provide guardrails to platform providers to ensure that the connections to their platform and the interrupt mechanisms are well understood by the banks and easy to deploy. So that's really the ask. The, what is, what is in harmony at the moment? So firstly, how many, we chose Hyperledger because it's a very well understood open source platform. So one, there are a number of banks who are members of the Hyperledger Foundation. There are a number of other FMI's and technology providers who are already members. And generally banks and FMI's and technology providers all know about Hyperledger and certainly know about the Linux Foundation. And they also understand the way it works, which is quite important. So they understand what they can and can't contribute into that and what happens once they have contributed. So what has been so far contributed and where we think the real focus of harmony is gonna be is in putting together a set of principles. So these principles range from business principles to legal principles to regulatory principles all the way through to technical principles. So the focus is very much on what constitutes or what defines interoperability between regulated platforms that are running on distributed ledgers. Secondly, there are some requirements in there. So these once again are requirements, typically commercial requirements. So you've got kind of principles that define the framework and then within that you've got requirements that certain platforms have around what they are prepared to allow and not allow. And then finally, what we have included in harmonia is some reference implementations. And this is an area where we certainly see harmonia growing. So firstly, that's what's there. But then secondly, we not only have the repositories, we also have Discord channel and the idea is to have a place that promotes open dialogue. There's issues that already open. There's comments on those issues. There's lots of comments on the pull requests that are coming in. So it's a very much an open public place where we can discuss and reach conclusion around what these interoperable principles look like. One of the kind of guiding principles for us is we really do want to get things going quickly. I'll run through some of the principles. For those of you that are old like me, you'll remember the days of TCPRP and OSI. TCPRP was established literally over a couple of weekends in 1969, it was a very simple protocol that worked and lots of people started to implement it and the protocol itself was free to you could copy it for free back in those days. It could be fixed to you for free if you remember those days. OSI was a very well thought through, seven layer protocol stack that typically got taught in various courses but had all sorts of complications around it and was difficult to implement. So we know the success of TCPRP, what the success of TCPRP was. So the idea is to have something that is relatively simple but is being used. So some of the kind of founding principles of harmonia are firstly that is anchored in production implementation. So we don't want to build something that's theoretical. We want to have something that is immediately implementable and is already being used and that we start to get very quick feedback from the industry around it. The focus for now is on wholesale business flows. So repos or repurchase agreements, FX swaps, cross currency swaps and then equity and bond settlements. So that's the focus from the banks. So once again, you see it's quite tightly scoped. We've started off with quarter and enterprise Ethereum but that's really to get going with something. We certainly don't want to limit it to those two platforms and we've already had interest from a number of other platforms. We are trying as best as we can to align with relevant standards bodies. So harmonia is not intended to become a standards body. It's intended to provide input into those standards bodies. So the enterprise Ethereum Alliance, the IEEE has a distributed ledger intra-working group and the IETF, the Internet Foundation has also distributed ledger intra-working group. So we've provided input into all of those working groups and those standards that are being developed by those working groups. We also want to maintain the community incentive alignment. So that speaks to two things. There's various communities involved here. There's the kind of interop hyper ledger community that's already in existence. So CACTAI and various other projects that are already part of hyper ledger. We'd like to maintain alignment with those current incentives but also with what the banks are currently doing as well. So that's quite a tricky balancing act at times but what we want to do is try and pull that together within harmonia. And then obviously to have some reference of limitations, that accelerated option that people can look at and say, okay, this is how it gets done and we can see it working end to end. And one of the asks from the banks has been that the patent should be anchored around the wallet holders or the asset holders and not bridges. So that's a little bit different to some of the other patterns that we've seen out in the world. And primarily this is because banks are the ones that will be connected to these various platforms. And so the interop needs to one be visible by the banks and two potentially coordinated or synchronized by them. So they want something that is easy to deploy a bank side that can help with the interop patents. Move on. All right, I'm going to hand over to Dom to pick up looking more at some of the problems that we are addressing within harmonia over to Dom. Okay, yes. So this was the why and the what of harmonia and then there's the how. I'm going to delve a little bit more into the how and some of the issues that kind of arise when you really start thinking about how to perform reliable interoperations between two quite distinctly different platforms. Corda is very different from Ethereum in some ways we're getting to very shortly. So the kind of the basic problem is we're looking at her identity and messaging who's talking to whom and over what channels Corda and Ethereum have quite different identity models quite different ways of picturing how you might communicate between parties. Privacy and observability who can see what. So on Ethereum, everyone can see everything although you might choose to use encryption or whatever to have masks and things or transactions are in public in principle. In Corda, things are private, they're kind of broken down so that again, in principle, only people who were parties particularly with transactions should see them. Proof, trust and liability. So how do we construct and validate proofs of action? The proof of action is how do I prove to you on your network that something has really happened on my network because I've really done the things I say I have done. Where can or must we rely on trust relationships? When do you have to take my word for it? When can I give you something that you can independently cryptographically verify? And how do we minimize individual parties' liability? So that's linked to the trust question. Okay, Pisa, can you move it on? So on my density and messaging, I'm going to talk about Ethereum and Ethereum-like platforms as EVM because they're all things used to Ethereum virtual machine in one form or another. So whether it's Hyperledger, Beissu or Quorum or Ethereum Mainnet, they're all I think EVM flavored networks. So as a shorthand for that, I'm saying EVM. I'm aware that the EVM is just a virtual machine but I'm using the shorthand for that flavor of blockchain platform. So Corda and EVM flavors blockchain platforms have very different identity models. One is permissioned, one is permissionless. An EVM address is synonymous with a signing key and anybody who has that key can act as that address via any node in the network that will accept messages from them. Nodes aren't intentionally trustworthy. So even by node I mean an Ethereum client, even one that I own and operate depends on peers or I may not own and operate for information about the status of the network. So we might be being deceived by the people who were talking to us although in the large there are kind of crypto economic incentives for nodes to be honest. So that's a very different situation to Corda. With Corda, every node in the Corda network or virtual node in Corda 5 is associated with a particular identity in the network. There are centralized management to those identities and permissioning of them. Each node has its own vaults which stores the transactions that node has participated in. Each node exposes a network endpoint through which just an authorized user can access it by RPC messaging. And each node runs a particular Corda to distribute the application for the Corda network. Nodes talk to each other via peer messaging and they can actually run fairly complex workflows using the Corda Flow framework so they can kind of establish what they're going to do, come to some agreements and then create a nodes-wise of transaction that records their agreement that that thing has happened. And the Corda ledger accordingly doesn't exist anywhere except in the vaults so all of the nodes within the networks. So while the ledger itself is a graph of transactions using it by UCXO ledger model, node one may see transactions one and two, node two may see transactions two and three. It depends on who they've been transacting with. The notary, which is an important part of Corda's consensus mechanisms sees all transactions but it actually only sees one detail of them which is the hashes of their input states. Everything else is torn off from a Merkle tree so the notary doesn't actually know what's going on in the ledger, it just observes and marks off input states to transactions. So it's a very, very different identity model, messaging model, privacy model. Next slide please. So EVM based blockchains don't have any concepts of sending a message that's equivalent to Corda's peer-to-peer or Corda's Corda interlock messaging. If you want to tell the world something you can write something into the event logs of your transaction and you can broadcast in this happened events which are associated with the particular transactions and interested parties can observe those and choose to respond to them. And so things like the cross-chain function call standard, cross-chain messaging standards kind of build on this. They say, okay, if we see certain events in transaction logs, we treat that as a cue to contact somebody or to also respond. And Corda similarly can receive messages from the EVM by observing events written into transaction event logs. But in effect, you're kind of reacting to or relaying things that are kind of recorded as a result of transactions. Next slide. In terms of privacy and observability, as I said, all EVM platform transactions are broadcast to all nodes eventually and eventually consistently. So although if you look back over the history of an Ethereum measure and everything sort of happens instantaneously according to that history, data moves through the network, through sort of peer-to-peer communications between clients and it arrives at consistency through the EVM consensus model. And it may take a little while for it to settle for a transaction to be finalized such that you can say with a high degree of confidence that everybody has agreed and will agree in the future that this thing has happened. Corda transactions in contrast are broadcast only to participants. There is no centralized record of transactions. There is a centralized record of consumed transaction state hashes, which is the notary, but you can't query it directly. And you can't query the vault of an arbitrary identity. So unless you are prepared to tell me what's in your vault, I can't see into it. Okay, next slide please. So there's a kind of asymmetry of vision here. Any Corda identity can see everything that happens on the Ethereum ledger. And any Corda identity can receive a message. I observe a transaction event from any Ethereum address without needing to set up an authorized endpoint for the owner of that address to send messages to. However, on the other side, the holder of an Ethereum sign-in key can only act on information provided to it by Corda nodes as it trusts, usually that the party owning key actually owns, and can only see transactions that are visible to those nodes. So we have a very open model and a very closed model in communication with each other. So proof, trust, and liability are concerns in this area. If we have information from a trusted source, we don't need proof. We just need a signature that we can cryptographically verify in effect when this information is attested. If we can prove something cryptographically, we don't need to trust the source. So proof and trust are kind of disjoint in this way. The other thing is that if you trust me, typically in kind of commercial agreements, I am legally liable for providing you with accurate information. I might get sued if I falsify something or I accidentally get it wrong or I'm deceived by my own source and so on. So I hold some liability for providing an accurate account of things. And the owners may be on me to be a consistently available and reliable source of information. So trust relationships aren't free. You may, the person you want to trust may not want to take on the liability of being a trusted party. Okay. Sometimes complete verification of the facts depends on local knowledge. So to give an example in Corder, a Corder app can validate a draft Corder transaction. So when peers in the Corder network are sending messages to each other saying, what are we going to do? One of them can send to the other a draft transaction. That is a complete transaction unsigned that if it's signed by both parties and notarized will then be part of the ledger. That draft transaction can be read and understood by both parties in the Corder app because they have the data structures and the contracts codes needed to decode the transaction bytes and check that it has the desired properties. So the transaction is something like this will encumber on assets such that I can transfer it to myself if I meet these agreed conditions and you're trying to do an asset swap you typically want sort of meet conditions where I can take this asset if I can show proof that something else has happened. The ability to validate such a transaction depends on my being able to decode the representation of it and also run the smart contract verification function to see that it actually does what we expect it to do. It's prohibitively difficult to replicate this logic off network like in Solidity contract code. And in fact, although it's not impossible but if you do do it you end up very, very tightly coupling the two applications. So it's much easier a very final transaction does a particular thing if it's called a transaction to say, well, I will ask a call to know that I trust to tell me whether or not this does what I expect. Next slide please. Okay. To determine whether a transaction in a proof of stake Ethereum network like Ethereum main method in finalized we have to know what the proposed validators have staked which is recorded on the Ethereum blockchain. So a complete summary of the evidence involved in establishing finality would be prohibitively difficult to export and validate off chain. It's much easier to go and ask a beacon node. And in fact, for other purposes I know that I've spoken to some of the developers of Hyperledger UE. They use sync committees which provide a kind of pool of validators who observe finality and sign it so that other clients can say, okay, we have the word of these witnesses that this transaction or this transaction block has been finalized. So in cases where we require local knowledge that something has happened we can make use of witnesses who will attest to certain things of the case and then the proof from our side becomes a matter of checking witness signatures. Next slide please. So at a very, very high level you have two networks doesn't really matter what sort of thing they are. You have events going on on the network observation ports such as Ethereum client nodes that can see these events. Witnesses on the other network that have trusted links to these observation ports that can sort of look through them and see these events and then sign to say, I saw that this happened. And that's where you have the most event attestation that the local network can consume. And the idea is that you might not want to trust a single witness. There may not be a single party who's prepared to take some liability for this but you might have a pool of witnesses because it's more difficult to subvert a large number of different parties and they in turn might look through a number of observation ports if there's any question about the reliability of those. So you look in all the places you need to to see that something has happened you sign that it's happened that signature joins the pool of signatures from other witnesses and that's the pool of signatures then constitutes your evidence and see the remotes of entity in place. Okay, next slide please. So another concept that's quite important in Corda Reserium interaction is vicarious trust. And the idea here is that we trust a party on another network such as the Corda Notary because an identity that we already trust on that network like our Avalto Ego and Corda trusts that party. So I trust a notary because you trust a notary and tell me that that's who you trust. So if the identity Alice's EVM, in other words, just a wallet on an Ethereum network trusts Alice Corda, it's an identity and a Corda network. That likely means that Alice at Corda holds or is authorized to send audited request to a proxy which holds the signing king of Alice's EVM signs messages proposing transactions to the EVM network. Next slide please. So proof of action in how providing verifiable proof that something has happened on the other network has two parts really. One is what I call proof of outcome which is does this transaction do what we want? And the other is proof of finality is this transaction finalized on the target network as it really happened. And proof of action on Corda that was just already said talking about draft transactions tends to look a bit like this. Alice at Corda receives a draft transaction from Bob at Corda. Alice Corda validates that the draft transaction meets its requirements. This is proof of outcome. So I am satisfied that if this transaction is finalized this is what will happen as a result. Alice at Corda uses the Alice's EVM signing key to create an EVM transaction that locks an asset on the EVM network in such a way that it can be unlocked if you can show a notary on Corda's signature on the transaction hash of the draft transaction because in the Corda network a notary signature is proof of finality. It means that that transaction has been notarized into final. And this is equivalent to saying that Alice's EVM trusts Alice at Corda of this signature X on this hash Y proves that the desired action has been taken on Corda. Next slide please. So proof of outcome is obtained via inspection of the draft transaction by a Corda that can validate it. And this proof is not really transferable onto the EVM network. Alice's EVM kind of has to take Alice at Corda's word for it. Proof of finality is given in the notary signature on the transaction hash. And the EVM network can check the signature if it can validate Corda's signatures which unfortunately don't use the EVM's signature scheme but there is solidity co-active and the signature data have contributed to the harmonia project which will enable you to do that. But it does rely on vicarious trust. Now Alice's EVM trusts this signature because Alice at Corda trusts it. So one of the reference implementations on harmonia includes a proof that a given business transaction ID can be found in the serialized Corda transaction binary data with a given offset. And that ID is marked off on the Solidity contract on the Ethereum side. And one of the questions we kind of wrangled about this is, is this actually meaningful? Because we have to depend on a trusted relationship to establish that the ID is being used in a valid transaction because the notary doesn't do any validating. Why don't we just trust the informant that said that they gave us our proof of outcome to say, had it got this ID in it? But the argument can be made that you do get some level of additional security because it's hard off for a compromised informant to have a faker transaction that has the observed property. So it does provide a little bit of extra reliability. You can kind of look into the serialized transaction data even if you can't unpack and validate the whole thing. And that's the idea of having little windows into part of the data. So it's quite a powerful one. Okay, next slide please. So on the other side, proof of action on the EVM. The Corda node can inspect an EVM transaction receipt and look at the data directly and verifies it contains a log event. So when you perform transactions on this area, you can emit events. And what happens to those emitted events is that they are written into a log which is stored in the transaction receipt which is associated with the transaction within the block that's added onto the EVM blockchain. And then proof of finality means we have to show that a core of validators signed a transaction block which has a given root hash. And then we have to give a Merkle inclusion proof that shows that the transaction receipt that contains the event of interest is included in that block. So you've got essentially a hash which is this thing that's been signed. This is the final on this network. And then a proof all the way up to a kind of tree of values that shows the particular event we're interested in appears within the transaction receipt that hashes into this Merkle tree which is included in the transaction block structure. Showing that you have...  Showing that you have a quorum of validators is much easier on a private Ethereum network which has a fixed validator pool and deterministic finality. And in most of the cases we're concerned but we're not actually dealing with Ethereum mainnet. And you can just say there's a fixed validator pool and N of M of these are signs therefore it's final. Okay. Just a quick comment from that as well. In the same way that you can prove an event in this way on Ethereum, you can actually also prove a... If the validator set does change, once again that's an event on the Ethereum network and you can use the existing validators that you have as a trusted set of validators to prove that that event occurred and there's now a new set of validators. So using the same mechanism I can actually update the validator pool on these permission networks. So it's quite nice for maintaining also the validator set. Yes, there's a sort of succession of authority which you can validate all the value on the chain. Okay, so a few sort of concluding remarks from me on this. So Ethereum's public APIs are not really designed to expose the consensus plumbing that you need to construct offline validatable proofs. In general, if you want to know if something's happened on Ethereum, you ask a node. And there's a general assumption that nodes are honest because Ethereum's internal consensus is robust against the tax. And so many existing interrupt solutions boil down saying trust me, be there or sort of intermediate party. I asked the remote network and it told me this had happened. There are protocols such as IBC which rely on the ability to construct things called consensus transcripts which are kind of offline variable proofs that consensus has been reached on something. But it's a bit of a challenge. Ethereum doesn't make it easy for you to do this. Core does ledger and privacy model are also not really designed to expose the material needed to construct offline validatable proofs. Even notary doesn't know what it's signing beyond it's kind of minimal marking or have input state hashes. The serialized transaction format is impractically opaque to clients who can't execute the JVM bytecode of the originating cord up. And so really there's not much alternative to vicarious trust as a sort of confidence that a proof of finality matters a notary signature completes a proof of action. In other words, this transaction did this thing on this network. So because of this, we make a virtue of necessity in our architectural principles and then you can read this under the working paper in the repository which is it's actually good to encapsulate the internals of the ledger and the consensus model as far as possible. You don't necessarily want to have to look too deeply into the other network to find out what's going on because that ties you to its implementation details. And it's a generally good architectural principle whenever you're integrating systems to try to encapsulate and to keep them as far apart as you can. Where it makes sense to rely on trust relationships to simplify proof down to attestation by someone you trust. So it's an alter ego on the originating network that is an identity which you control and which is kind of paired with your identity on the other network or witness on your own network or pool of witnesses. As far as possible, this is a simplifying operation is to use trust where you can. But then you want to make attestation pluggable. So parties can agree on what level of quorum amongst what authority uses the quiet. Okay, that's it for me, so handing back to Pisa. All right, so can you hear me okay? I've switched mics. Yes, you're quite clear now. Great, brilliant. So so far, if you jump onto your harmony and we'll send the links that after this. Adara, author of Contributed Finality, which is a FMI. It's a FMI that's focused for those of you on central bank backed tokenized settlement assets. So cash, central bank backed cash for the wholesale market. So it's the cash leg of a number of different settlement layers. So FMI also contributed some principles into harmonia. And in terms of contribution, you'll see there's a lot of documentation about the principles, some working papers and then some implementations. And the implementations are also fairly well documented. So there's a lot of documentation around the current implementations that are there, which have come from these companies. In terms of a roadmap going forward. So some of the things that we aim to do in the medium term is obviously incorporate feedback from the industry. So that would include both the existing projects that are looking at interrupt as well as feedback from the implementations that are either going live or about to go live, which cross multiple distributed ledgers and getting their feedback back into harmonia. So there's quite a lot of work around working with platforms like finality and others as well and incorporating their feedback back into harmonia. You'll see if you go into harmony and now there's basically two implementations, one that was contributed by our three and one that was contributed by Adora. And our aim is by the end of this year is to do a joined up version between Corda and Enterprise Ethereum that takes effectively the best of both. So as you can see, we spend quite a lot of time looking at exactly what those proofs needs to contain and logically what we can and can't use. And then also practically from a pragmatic point of view, how do we do it? So you'll see me, for example, on the Adora contributed reference implementation, we take a order transaction, so an AQP wrapped transaction and we break that down and we effectively build up a proof, if you like, that gets serialized in a Solidity contract. So we can prove that the trade idea is there and that the signatures of the relevant counterparties are on that data packet. So there's a fair amount of understanding of what the next Corda transaction looks like in order for us to be able to verify it on the Ethereum side. And I think the aim is, and we've had many workshops over the last couple of months looking at this is, is how do we simplify that? And once we really understand the typical principles, what can we do to make that process a little bit easier? But it does work and everything that's in there is working. One of the things that Ethereum doesn't natively have is a nice signer, so a mechanism to sign transactions. And there are a number of open source signers out there. But I think one of the things that will be contributed also before the end of the year is a nice Ethereum signer just to help run full integration testing to end. We are doing a presentation in November with the Cacti project. And so one of the reference implementations we'd like to look at as well is using Cacti to do an interop and to pull together using the Cacti, the current Cacti work that's really been done and see if we can utilize that to create another reference implementation that obviously it has to all the principles and requirements that are in there and others. So we're hoping to working with many others as well. And then the third area that we are focusing on is providing input into and getting feedback from standards bodies. So lots of really good work happening in that space at the moment to provide input. So we've leaned heavily on some of those standards that are already out there and we're providing input back into the standards and seeing them being shaped. So for example, the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance standard was a very nice standard to work with but it's very Ethereum focused. And so we're working with them and the ITF too. So can't we make this a little bit more generic and as you've heard as we've gone through there the basic underlying philosophy around some of these distributed ledges is quite different. So making it generic takes a lot of work and a lot of thought it gets put into those things. All right, so if you want to assume you're here because you'd like to get involved. So some of the ways you can get involved is if you're obviously with one of these things repose FXWAPs equity or bond settlements or something related in the wholesale market across different distributed ledges you can hold the rest of your left to work with you to see how we can help assist in terms of that interrupt capability. There's a Discord channel, feel free to join us and jump on to that. I think there'll be links that go out on there. Basically also just read the harmonia documentation on comments I made if you'd like. You can comment on Discord, you can ask questions on Discord. And there are a couple of open issues. So feel free to have a look at those and if you'd like to pick those up we'd love to get some help on that. I mean, obviously some of the roadmap items that I've just spoken about would be fantastic to get some people involved in helping with those. So that's all from us in terms of representation. What we'd like to do is to really open it up and make it a discussion. So if you would like to ask questions, I'll hand back to David that we are here now to facilitate Q&A. And I think we'd love to hear from you and to hear when you would, we have to see all your comments and questions about what we're busy with. Yeah, absolutely. If people have questions, feel free to just type in the Zoom chat or use the raised hand feature or just come off mute. We're happy to have a discussion. Any questions or comments that people have? I see one question just came in on Zoom chat. If Peter Dominic, do you wanna respond? I'm happy to give it a stab. And then we've got a few others who are probably more qualified to answer that than me, but I'll give it a start. So Chainlink is obviously, their background is slightly different to your problem in case that we saw them, but we may have some very good overlaps in terms of this. So if you go back to where did Chainlink come from? So the thing that they became really good at was providing reference data in a distributed and a reliable way into various on-chain contracts in the public space. So for example, if I needed for a bus, some kind of derivative, crypto derivative, I needed price feed, for example. They can provide, for example, the coin price feed across multiple exchanges in a very nice and very clever and very secure way. So that's their background is providing data from one set of entities into another set of entities. I think where we differ a little bit with what Chainlink are doing. And once again, we know them quite well and we like working with them. They're a great team of people. We will... So one of the things that they're a little bit different is that they've traditionally worked with public chains. And so it's very easy therefore to set up these relays between, for example, a set of exchanges and the Ethereum public network. Because you can, and you can do that and you can show how you've effectively got a very nice distributed and very untrusted way of doing things. As you've seen from what we've done, when we speak about LSEC portal and LSEC at EDM, basically that is a bank. So bank X will be connected to a quarter node and will be connected to an EDM node. And that bank has a number of potentially other back office processes that also need to be involved and will understand what's happening with the interrupt mechanism. And will certainly not allow anyone to access any of their nodes. It's definitely not their quarter node. And on a permission network, there's generally not an easy way to get in to see what's going on. So that's where, we've had some discussions with Chainlink and we've had a look at what they did with Swift and we are trying to better figure out how best we can work together. Because potentially they're a good technology company to help at least advance the conversation. But with the caveat that they've come from quite a different starting points to it. We started from, I don't know if you want to add anything and I'm at least going to look at it. I think the, one of the things that kind of has come across quite strongly talking to a Hermes in particular is that the world that we're in is a bit of a walled garden world. It is private Ethereum networks, private permissions quarter networks. And there's the desire to kind of get them to interoperate without introducing kind of public intermediaries. And so the, yeah, they're vast from having kind of infrastructure which you rely upon to facilitate cross-chain communication. The question is, can we kind of go point to point almost between these sort of different walled enclosures. And establish protocols that will enable them to be brought together without having to rely on kind of centralized or mediating infrastructure. And this actually is also a point of difference with I think Cactus as it was before it became kind of cacti and other approaches were brought in. I think I might have been saying that originally when Cactus and Weaver were separate projects, Weaver was distinct in this. It was an attempt to do in a similar way with kind of point-to-point connection. And now cacti is trying to sort of involve all of these different approaches. So we're very much on that end of things. It's the attempt to bring together walled gardens and establish a kind of a network between them where maybe the ability to use kind of public relays isn't viable for any number of commercial or regulatory reasons, for example. But a good question. Any other questions? If people, again, feel free to type in the Zoom chat or come off mute or use the raise hand feature if you have any other questions, comments. While we're giving people a minute or two to ask a question, I'll just reinforce what Peter said earlier. If you're interested in learning more, we do have an in-depth workshop about harmonia and cacti coming up in November. If you're interested in that, I put a link to the registration for that in the Zoom chat. So that's very similar to this. It'll just be a longer event. We're gonna go into a very more detailed session. So that's November 16th. Feel free to click on the link in the Zoom chat if you're interested. And I see there is another question here. So the short answer is that they transmitted data was as private as the network. It's transmitted across. Again, there's this kind of asymmetry of visions that I mentioned before, which is that even when it's a private, it's gonna identify as a cerium network. If you have access to a client of that network, you can see every transaction block and every transaction that's recorded on it. So that's the usual way of getting access to the cerium network and observing that actions have been carried out. So one side of a GDP swap or whatever is to see into the whole network. And so the only privacy mechanisms available in that case are either those built into some of the cerium-like networks. I know, for example, Bayesville has the ability to separate out different privacy groups or encryption of things. But fundamentally, you're looking into on that on the cerium side, even if it's a walled garden. If you can see into it, you can see everything in it. On the corder side, there is the corder privacy model essentially entails that you can only see what a node that you own or control chooses to share with you. There is no kind of global visibility of things. And actually typically even in sending over a transaction, you may send over, because transactions are organized as merkle trees, you may tear off whole chunks of them. So you only expose as much of the data that is needed for the other party to verify that it has the characteristics that they want. If you're relying on trust mechanisms for your proof of outcome, it was to tell you that this transaction actually does what you want, then ultimately all you're seeing is a signature on a hash and all of the other details are completely included for me. So in that sense, privacy of the corder network is very strongly maintained. And yeah, and the main point is that there are no public relays involved.  Yeah, so maybe just on that as well. So remembering that it's typically bank, internal bank communications are between the access to the corder node and their access to the EVM node. But even within next, it's typically encrypted using interlace or something else. And often those system accounts are locked down so that any specific accounts can access the containers. So there's internally within the bank, there's sidecuff boxes and various things. So it's very locked down in terms of getting the information in and out. And then I think just on the point that Dominic was making on the Ethereum network, because generally Ethereum, we're seeing a lot of cash ledges that are using Ethereum. They try not to leak information from other systems onto them. So a lot of the information is cashed. So if you would need to be account party in the transaction to be able to understand what's out there. Obviously, once you know that it's there, you can prove that the correct data is there. If you have the pre-image material yourself, which normally would get from somewhere else. So yeah, so there's a lot of effort put into ensuring that the communication between the two networks is quite well locked down. There's another follow-up question that's, can you say more to describe the kind of tech summary of interoperability mechanisms and how many assets in that? So yeah, I think Dominic covered that quite well. It's largely internal within a bank. So the transmission of the proofs or the attestations are done internally within banks. Not to say that we are, we're providing single points of failure, because typically within a settlement transaction, so what we call delivery versus payment, delivery of securities versus payment of cash, you have two banks involved. And either bank typically is able to to pick up and complete something. So if one bank doesn't transmit an attestation, it doesn't transmit a proof, the other bank can do it in order to finish the settlement off. And there are in some cases other trusted intermediaries that may get involved. So sometimes the trading platform or the clearing agent in some cases is able to to be involved into complete settlement. So there are a number of ways of making sure that we're not locked down to a single point of failure, which is obviously what some of the public interrupt mechanisms try to make sure that, there's no single point of either failure or of the data being impacted. And so there's no single point of either failure or of the data being impacted. So having multiple paths that all have to agree with each other with some kind of consensus mechanism is the way that they could resolve. So we have a much more, I suppose scaled down version of that, but then much higher level of trust because it's bank A, speaking to bank A. Yeah, I think in terms of taxonomy, one way to look at it is that the grand sort of design and promise of most interoperability solutions is to say we will define standards and protocols that will be kind of pluggable at the periphery. And through that, you will be able to plug in network A, B, C, and they will all be able to talk to each other across this set of protocols. Now, sometimes across some common infrastructure, whether it's kind of relays or whatever the mechanisms are for kind of coordinating actions between networks. But the goal is very much to try to sort of produce as the classic enterprise integration architecture where you have standardization of the level of APIs and protocols and then plug it in this year. Everybody who wants to come and play comes and plugs into this kind of network of things. We're starting at the other end here. We're starting with two quite well-defined systems and trying to work out in detail what's reliable into what between them. It's actually fitting within the kind of regulatory requirements of the banks and sort of institutions and there's a work for what that looks like. So we're solving very kind of post-glained problems in order to get one solution in detail. And I think these two approaches can meet in the middle. I think in the longer term, hopefully the work we're doing will feed into cacti and perhaps movement in both directions. But we're very much not starting from the, we're going to design the DVP protocol as everyone views. We've designed something that works for a very specific pair of parties that work in very specific ways. And then we're looking to kind of generalize out from there from what we learned as a fundamental level about how you construct proof of action from these different kind of systems, how you transmit things, how you interpret things. All of the kind of questions I was talking about in my set of slides earlier. So it's a focus on a very particular part of the landscape from which hopefully there's things that can be learned that will then be useful more widely. Yeah, I think going back to that first principle, we want these to be rooted in real-world applications. I feel that the quickest way for us to learn and for those to be adopted is to get them out there and get them processing transactions as quickly as possible, so. And the real world part of that is not only the technical constraints of the systems, but also the institutional constraints of the regulatory constraints. All of the things that actually come into play when you try to do work with banks and there's always more of it than you think there's going to be. Great, I see a few people have been asking for the slides that there is a link to the presentation. And it's all open source, so feel free to share that as well. Yeah, I will also look in your email, I'll send an email out around with the slides and the recording and other resources. So if you want to check things out, feel free to do so. But yeah, we did drop the link in the Zoom chat. There was also a discussion, or there's also mention of the discussions will be ongoing on the Hyperledger Discord channel. I dropped the link to the Hyperledger Discord channel in the Zoom chat as well. If you have any questions after this meetup ends and you want to ask people, feel free to join us on the Harmonia channel on Discord as well. Before we wrap up, are there any last comments or questions? Just for me, once again, thank you very much, David and the Hyperledger Foundation, it's been great to get this going, not just this today's event, but the whole process leading up to today. Yeah, of course. And thank you, Peter and Dominic, for your time today. Thank you very much. It's been a great experience. Yeah, well, thanks everyone. And again, we hope to see you on Discord. We hope to see you on the workshop coming up and feel free to check out the links that I'll send around an email right after this. Thanks everyone. Thanks everyone. Thanks for your time. Thanks, bye. Cheers. Dang.