Oh, hey, well welcome everybody to our March webinar for open for anti-racism, and as you know, the topic is teacher education, specifically equity rubrics for OER, and we are thrilled to have Dr. Gerald Hill with us today. So, primarily, we're going to give this time to Gerald, but we're going to do a little bit of an OFAR program description, because we hope that some of your administrators are here, and perhaps would like to dive in just a little bit deeper. And I'm Una Daley, the director of CCCOER and co-leader of this program with James Glap a Grossclag, which I'll give James a moment to introduce themselves. Well, good afternoon everybody, James Glap a Grossclag, College of the Cannons here. It's our honor to co-lead this program together with Una and our friends at CCCOER. Welcome everybody. Thank you. All right. Very quickly, we're in CCCOER is a national consortium founded right here in California, but working with colleges around the country and in Canada on open educational resources to improve student equity and success. I've been doing that for almost 15 years. One quick announcement is next week is open ed week, and it is our 10th anniversary. So our parent organization, Open Education Global has been sponsoring this for 10 years, and this is an opportunity for you to participate with folks around the world. And here's a quick map of who's participated, the statistics over the last number of years. And we hope that you will participate as well. You can either submit items, webinars you're having next week or resources that you want to share more widely. And you can do that by going to the oeweek, oeglobal.org, contribute site. And we hope to see you next week online as we celebrate. CCCOER has several events. All right. I want to introduce Dr. Hill, a dynamic scholar practitioner, sorry, Gerald, I need to make sure I check my notes here. Dynamic scholar practitioner, voice for educational justice and diversity, equity and inclusion. In our short time getting to know Gerald over the last few months, we have certainly seen that. His current research includes teacher preparation and academic achievement at Pacific Oaks University in Pasadena, where he is the Dean of Education and Assessment. He has 20 years of service as an educator and is proud to have taught in many diverse populations in a range of contexts, including special ed, middle school, high school, undergraduate, graduate, academic development, and training programs. So he's seen every sector. And we're just so thrilled that he could join us today. All right. So I want to give you a heads up about the webinars that are coming up later this month, sorry, later this spring. In April, we have Dr. Natalie Huitful-Lum joining us from Education Trust West to talk about the vision for racial equity in California education, and we're thrilled to have her. We think we may have somebody for the May 6th one, another excellent speaker, but that's we're still waiting to hear back on a confirmation about that. And June 17th will be your opportunity as participants to share some of the work that you've been doing to make your classrooms anti-racist. We're all looking forward to that. And over to you, James. Great. Thanks, and I'm so glad to see so many folks here introducing themselves in the chat. Thank you. Particularly, we're pleased to see so many administrators and managers from our participating colleges here today. I'm really excited about that. So we want to give you a little, little quick overview of where the heck the OFAR program came from. What is it? OFAR stands for Open for Anti-Racism, of course, and the genesis of this styles back to spring and summer 2020, of course, with the murder of George Floyd and many other horrible events and inspiring protests happening throughout the country. We, Una and I thought, golly, we've been working in open education for a long time. We think open education could could do something in this moment. What could we do? And we saw that a lot of institutions, our own institutions, your institutions, we're not picking on anyone in particular, but a lot of institutions put these beautiful statements on their websites and in letters to the community saying, you know, you know exactly what they say. This is horrible. And we stand for this and put Black Lives Matter on their website and so on. And then not a lot necessarily happened. There was not necessarily a lot of concrete action or support for our faculty who want to enact change in their classroom. So that's really the impetus for our program. We believe, yeah, thanks for going to the next slide. We believe that faculty want to take action to make their classrooms anti-racist and we believe that open education can help in some way, that we can provide tools. So the Open for Anti-Racism program helps faculty from the California Community Colleges explore how to use OER, Open Educational Resources and Open Pedagogy, to make their teaching anti-racist. Our participants learn about anti-racist pedagogy, OER and Open Pedagogy in a facilitated online class. They develop and implement a concrete action plan to do something in their classes this semester, spring term. We have peer connections, monthly webinars like this coaching and a lot of support going on throughout the year. And then we are very careful to document the impact via student surveys, outcomes data from colleges and interviews with participants and some administrators from the colleges. So a lot going on here and we'll certainly share all of the outcomes. We're operating with a very humble and evolving definition of anti-racist pedagogy. We are certainly no experts in this field. We are learning together. So our working definition is being race conscious, understanding and acknowledging one's identity and social position, understanding the implicit bias exists, thinking systemically, examining the history of a discipline, epistemologically asking whose knowledge is defined and accepted, whose voices are listened to, whose voices are silenced in your discipline and how do you open that conversation with students, including different voices and perspectives and inviting students into not only the conversation, but the solution. That's where open pedagogy would come in. How do you get students involved in crafting the solution? Next slide, please. Thank you. So we are in our year two right now, thanks to the very generous support of the Hewlett Foundation. Last year, we were able to support 17 individual faculty from 16 colleges. This year, we slightly changed the way we approached the participation. We were interested in deeper institutional impact. Hence, some of the administrators are here and we recruited teams from colleges. We're able to support eight college teams. So we hope that there will be a little bit more institutional impact and we're doing a little bit more deep dive into student outcomes over time with our participating faculty. And again, we're now in our middle of our second year. So next slide, please. These are the participating colleges. We're super excited to have all of these colleges from all over the state. You'll see if you think about the map, we've got colleges from North, Central and Southern California. We've got large colleges, small colleges, suburban, urban, rural colleges. So we were pretty intentional about that. And with that background, we are going to turn it over to our speaker for the rest of our time together. Again, Dr. Jarell Hill, Dean of the School of Education at Pacific Oaks College. And again, he's already inspired me and Una in every interaction we've had with him. So I know you're in for a treat. Jarell, go ahead and take it away. Thanks, James and Una, for that wonderful introduction. You guys are way too kind. Your check will be in the mail for all those great wonderful words of encouragement for us. But again, my name is Jarell Hill, Dean for School of Education at Pacific Oaks College. I do want to go ahead and I will share my screen so we can walk through the presentation because I really want to make sure I leave enough space for us to ask questions and to really dive into the work while we're here together. We'll go ahead and get started. What I'll do initially is just kind of give you an overview of what we do at Pacific Oaks since we are a social justice mission institution, a small private college. And I will talk to you about the domains of transformation. And I will talk as well about equity through a critical friends lens. And, you know, what we're here really to get into is the anti-racist teacher education and our disorienting dilemmas project that will be available on an OER platform as well. So we'll go ahead and get started. But the first thing I like to do as I've been learning more about these things is making sure I do that proper acknowledgement of the Tongva Nation. I'm in Pasadena, so I just want to acknowledge that land and have that gratitude and respect for the people that were here before me. I really do believe in the words of Chief Joseph Seattle. We don't only inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children. So I want to make sure that we have the responsibility to take care of the earth, but as well as each other. So it's good to have that energy in the room before, in our Zoom room before we get started. Here is a little billboard we have around town Pacific Oaks. We have four distinct areas of discipline, social work, psychology, business and education. We've been around since 1945. And the interesting thing about Pacific Oaks is we started off as a children's school. So that really makes us a unique college because we still have that children's school. Our old campus, if you've seen Back to the Future, that's where our campus began in Pasadena. So we are dedicated to these fundamental principles of inclusion, social justice and valuing every human being. We really do like having that leadership through play with the early childhood education focus, but also the anti-bias curriculum. If you've read anything in Learning for Justice or Teach for Tolerance, as it used to be known as, our faculty emeritus actually wrote those social justice standards. So again, I don't want to bore you too much with our mission statement, but it's important that we center to work around what the mission is because we truly do want to live it out. Our goal in the School of Education is to really prepare our students, not only in education, but all of our degree programs to be culturally intelligent agents of change that are able to serve diverse communities. So when we look at diversity, I don't look at diversity as a way of counting people based on their ethnicity. I want to make sure that people count. Not only are we looking for diversity of your identity or ethnicity, we're looking for diverse experiences. When we look at inclusion, that's a way for us to widen our circle, to hear equity of voice, to ensure equity of voice and to make sure the outcomes count. Respect is really critical in this work because on the other side of the issue, we have to see a human being. And the important part of that is that we have to make sure that we can disagree and be okay with disagreeing, right? We have to be able to get along with people who don't see the world the same way that we do. So we really do emphasize that at Pacific Oaks. We have this culture-centered approach to learning because I really do love Peter Drucker's work. He says that culture will eat strategy for breakfast and that really is true. If you don't understand the culture, you can come up with the best strategies and they probably won't be as successful. These are some faculty values. So we have our institutional values, but faculty came together to come up with their values for this culture-centered approach. Definitely, we believe in the democratic classroom. My favorite one is caring. I was always told, even as a high school student, your students don't care what you know until they know that you care. Building on the strength and authentic assessment, social justice, learning through play, intellectual and moral autonomy. Here's a quote from one of our faculty emeritus, Betty Jones. Learning happens in relationships. Caring is required to sustain relationships. So it's so important that we understand building relationships. When I train teacher educators, I always talk to them about the importance of relationship before rigor. You really have to get to know your students before you're really able to teach them. And before we really, really get started, we really have to understand that context is key because we have some historical, socioeconomic and political frames that we have to reference to work in. Because a lot of times that may determine what the outcomes are or someone's positionality. Because sometimes policy doesn't always meet practice as we all know. So this is really an invitation when I share with individuals about Pacific Oaks and large groups. Really, the invitation is for us to get students to know what they were put here on earth to do. Right, I think to be engaged in not only the social justice work, you really have to have that awareness in ways that challenges you not only to say it, but to it requires action. And it really is an ongoing commitment. And we know that, you know, engaging in equity work is in a one-time event. It's really a lifetime process. So here are some of the anchor quotes that really anchor the work that we do. I mentioned Luis Derman-Sparks, who's one of our faculty emeritus. And this quote is one of my favorite from the many that, you know, that I could have that we could have come up with. But this was done with equity of voice and including various stakeholders to really take a look at our program before we decided to anchor the work. And the first one reads, it's not sufficient to be nonbiased and also highly unlikely, nor is it sufficient to be an observer. It is necessary for each individual to actively intervene, to challenge and counter the personal and institutional behaviors that perpetuate oppression. The second one is from the late Bell Hooks. The classroom remains the most radical space of possibility in the academy. It takes a fierce commitment to let our work as teachers reflect progressive pedagogies. We must continually claim theory as necessary practice within a holistic framework of liberatory activism. And the last one is from Malala Yusuf, and we know her story with the Taliban. When the whole world is silent, even one voice becomes powerful. So as we anchor this work, I want you to keep these quotes in mind because these really anchor the work around anti-racism, social justice, diversity, equity and inclusion. And it is Women's History Month, so it's great to have three really radical women to really anchor our quotes. Another part, humanity is really central to our liberation. And again, what we mean by this, it really is, you know, we have some ideas of meeting people where they are, but sometimes where they are is kind of a privilege with racial bias. So we have to be careful with some times with that language. I really respect the scholarship of Nikole Hannah-Jones, and she says that language can hide a crime, and sometimes when we say meeting people where they are, could technically be hiding that crime. So again, one of the authors of the critical race theory is Derek Bell. And again, I love this quote here too, Resistance is a powerful motivator precisely because it enables us to fill our longing to achieve our goals while letting us boldly recognize and name the obstacles to those achievements. So when we talk about getting into transformative work in teacher preparation, we have a grant that we're working with an organization called Branch Alliance for Educator Diversity. And we have to situate our transformative work in four domains. The first domain is sustainability, the second domain is quality, scale, and impact. So really what we're trying to do is situate transformative work within a critical framework. Here's what it looks like in kind of practice when we look at our framework for transformation, but also we have to compare it with the framework for preparing educators. A practice-based approach, inclusive pedagogy, equitable experiences, data empowerment, the community of learners, because I think that is really, really key where we talk about professional collaborations like this because we all are learning together and also paying attention to the intersectional content, right? So that's really important. And again, I wanted to underscore Malala's quote because that silence, you know, even one voice can become powerful. So I do want to also highlight Branch Ed's mission, Branch Alliance for Educator Diversity, strengthens, grows, and amplifies the impact of educator preparation programs at minority serving institutions. With the broader goals of both diversifying the teaching profession and intentionally championing educational equity for all students. So again, I think the important part of this work is we always seek out people who are mission aligned because then it really makes it a true partnership. We really do go hand in hand. They are literally family we meet every week to go over the goals and to measure our outcomes so that we can stay on track, but also at some point we want to make sure that this work is sustainable. And again, I wanted to again re-emphasize the four domains so that you can see quality with the definitions, the working definitions of quality, quality, diversity as quality is one of the taglines that we use. We're not hiring people because of what they look like, they still have to meet the standard. When I work with doctorate, doctorate students who are completing their dissertations. I know that there's a big push to want to have educators who look like the students in their classroom. And what I try to do is really nuts they're thinking to say that's just not enough to look like them. The second step is the cultural ways of learning and knowing so it's not enough just to appear to be the same. We have to really understand the cultural aspects. So here at quality. The programming is is implementing with fidelity, which is really interesting to measure there's about 29 different indicators that we measure quality and fidelity with sustainability quality programming and sustain beyond the philanthropic support. Again, we're going to make the program where even without the grant funding we still want to continue on our educator diversity push scale quality programming is implemented with all candidates trained by the teacher preparation program and impact. That is probably the most challenging because sometimes you don't recognize your impact right away it may take many years before you realize the actual impact of a program. There was one story about critical race theory that I was sharing a little bit earlier, and john turback who got a grant to invite Kimberly Crenshaw, Richard delgado and Cornell West and a group of folks to a meeting and it's similar to this space here with here with OER's what happened in that meeting was they got together to discuss how the impact of law when it's racialized. And after that meeting Kimberly Crenshaw coined the phrase critical race theory. But what happens in a space I think for us to really impact change, change really happens when large amounts of people make small contributions and I think that's really it. We all are just another link in the unbroken chain of progress when we engage in this equity diversity inclusion anti racist work. The other piece I think I would be remiss not to mention it some of the cove it caused disruptions. We've all seen everyone's bedrooms now working through zoom, and we've gotten to know each other. But what I'm noticing is that there has been some muffle communication because the masking and then also sometimes a screen puts a barrier between the educator and the student. What I wanted to train teacher educators with is being able to sit with the difficulty of the moment when it's okay to not be okay. But that's what you know a lot of times in K 12 spaces they talk about social emotional learning. And I would argue that social emotional learning is academic and social emotional learning, or anti racist work is not a noun it's a verb it's not a thing or another program is actually a verb it's an action. It's fluid and it moves through time right and it changes over time. So this was something that we really dove into and we wanted people to really understand how to really have that critical reflection. I know one of the key standards with the anti racist group here is being race conscious but that's a part of that critical core reflection, right. Which are cultural competence or cultural intelligence that allows you to be more race conscious. Cultural responsiveness we we all know the work of Gloria Latsing Billings. And again, I think this is really important to highlight that we really have to try to understand the students view of the world we have to see it from the student perspective. And I would definitely elevate the work of Chris M then when he talks about the reality pedagogy is really teaching from the student perspective and that's really important. But the other part here I want to underscore is framing and reframing our thinking. That's a part of being that race conscious. Right. And that's an active process of reflection. These are really challenging when we talk about being culturally responsive teaching you know they're three main areas. I don't think they are in a linear way I think they're circular like the graphic. Number one teaching must yield academic success. I mean I think in a lot of spaces with the opportunity gaps that persist over many decades. We haven't got quite to one if we were to put it in a step. Step two, if we were to call it a step, teaching must help students develop positive ethnic and cultural identities, while simultaneously helping them achieve academically. And number three really talks to that consciousness. It's your social political consciousness, and you are you're able to critique inequalities. I really do think it's more circular because these things are all web together I don't think they go into a lockstep position. They have to work in sequence with each other it's kind of a circular, more of a fluid movement. This is so important when we talk about belonging. I just definitely have to underscore the work of Pedro Noguera, and he talks about when schools exacerbate disparities through practice. Through practices that reward privilege and harm the disadvantage. Right, I think, sometimes when you talk about teacher preparation we all have to address our own biases right. But I think the other the other part is, we have to understand that kids are coming to us and families are sending us their best and brightest regardless of the condition that they're in. So what we have to do is kind of reimagine the basic conditions for learning. What I want to underscore here is, when you talk about the digital divide when you have 2.2 billion people are under age 25, who are unconnected to the internet. That is really going to create some huge equity gaps and also miss learning opportunities. We know here in the United States students who have no live interaction with the teachers are twice as likely not to progress academically or socially. Right, we know that you know zoom has been a gift but students really do benefit from that in person interaction. Also the adequate devices, mobile devices aren't sufficient enough to provide access to high quality learning. The phones are great but you can't, you know, you can't really do school completely on the phone so we really have to reimagine the basic conditions for learning so when we talk about equity gaps. We're using technology as our primary mode of instruction, we have to make sure students are adequately supported, but also there's an, there's a digital literacy and an equity literacy that has to be refrained as we're changing our modality or we're pivoting our pedagogy. What happens is when you're unable to perform a patina love causes spirit murdering. Right, we know that the body keeps score but the spirit does to right when your spirit is murdered you're literally dying a slow death. Right, because you're being humiliated. And I think that just, you know, I so appreciated that term because it just reminds me of the work. In the 60s from Dr Cornell West he called it the spirit melting, because he was around when you saw the assassinations of King Malcolm X, you know JFK and etc so he called it spirit melting, and we fast forward to 2019, but Tina love is saying spirit murdering. So it's a really interesting way that we're looking at the equity work from that spirit in our own internal identities right. So how do we embrace race and equity. Again, we talked a lot about the anti bias when I train educators.  So imagine your classroom. Every time a student does something while you're collecting dots so as an educator you're collecting dots to connect the dots. So what we really want to focus on with our anti bias work is identity diversity justice and action. Right when you look at those standards that really does help you get into that anti bias anti racist frame of mind because you're looking at the collective action not only as an educator. Are you providing that support, but you're also modeling that for your students so then that really leans into this emergent curriculum creating that flexible space right. I know in Shelby County Tennessee they have something called a tap out partner, when the teachers at a vulnerable decision making point. There's another adult that can intervene to give that teacher a break, because we know about the suspension expulsion data and who's disproportionately impacted by by the data. So again looking at those creating those flexible creating flexible space but also having a relationship driven learning environment, right relationship before rigor, because kids don't care what you know until they know that you care. And I think what's ever more pressing when we talk about classroom management is peaceful conflict resolution and this comes from the UN Charter, where we really want students to be able to work peacefully. I think adults could definitely use that to especially at this time being able to navigate negative issues. Here are some of the tenants and we know that the media has been, you know in the tailspin with the critical race theory. There are some beliefs around racism racism is normal in our society. I have to underscore the work of Derek Bell when he talks about the interest convergence, basically meaning racism actually will lessen when there's some interest right when we talk about the mortgage bubble of 2008. Well now we'll use equity to really give people bad mortgages and then we saw the fallout, but it was an interest for people to be more anti races at that time because there was an economic benefit. And also another belief is race is a social construct, but to underscore these tenants you have to understand three keen areas. Intersectionality that's the work of Kimberly Crenshaw voice and the counter narrative. There is a, there's a powerful TED talk that many probably have seen is called the danger of a single story. We have to have the counter narrative so that we can really have an accurate picture. And then most importantly I would say policy, because sometimes policy, like voting rights or, you know, free and reduced lunch sometimes those policies really hide the inequities. In that particular moment. So again that's kind of how we would situate being anti racist you have to understand some of the theories that were tied to critical race theory to really lean into that particular work. And here is intersectionality. And again I'm not going to read this verbatim, but again, what I want to underscore here is looking at the intersection of when you look at race, you can't talk about race and academic achievement without talking about gender, right because we know that sometimes there's an intersection between your race, your social status and your gender, right regardless of, you know, and Kimberly Crenshaw says it best intersectionality promotes an understanding of human beings that shaped by the intersection of different social locations, where you located socially within this particular framework. But when we look at educational or education world, we look at this messy freeway and most of us in Southern California can relate to the traffic and the freeway therapy that we have to undergo here. But when we look at what's being centered its policy, we have the research and funding also as an interesting word oh there's funding, but again sometimes that language can hide a crime. We're funding the right things. And then who has the power and influence over that particular funding. And then what about implementation capacity, what about input from the community, and most importantly what are the outputs. You've been funding billions of dollars towards education but we're not seeing achievement gaps close. So then we have to kind of rethink the structures that are in place. So something here I just, I'm going to play this video. This is a interesting study with the opportunity gap, and you'll see in one generation, the disparity between kids who are growing up rich and becoming poor. And as we sit in this moment I'm just going to let this video kind of show you some of the overlooked barriers to racism because these are parents who both have you know they probably have, you know, great jobs. Right, and then within one generation, the students are their children are becoming poor, and you're going to see some significant disproportionality around black and white with this. And again, these are some of the questions you have to ponder when you're looking at anti racist work, and you're looking at equity, like what's happening to these boys who are, you know, who are growing up wealthy and they're becoming poor. And a lot of times what happens is that people will say you didn't work hard enough I just have to highlight the late Dr Joseph L white he wrote a nominal piece about black psychology in 1970 in an ebony magazine. And he quoted Stokely Carmichael and he said, gosh if you know black people are the hardest working people in the country. So if that were the case, they should be the wealthiest so it's not just about you working hard. I think there's some other structural things that really create this disparity. So as we sit with this for the next 25 or 30 seconds is just, it's, it's eye opening for us to see the study you know out of Harvard and Stanford with their collaborative efforts is just mind blowing to watch it. So, so with that, I'm going to move us along because I definitely want to leave time for our questions so here's some of the things that we do when we talk about building anti racist educators, regardless if you work in a K 12 or community college or an I he, you definitely have to understand the racial realities, and they're so complex and they can be represented by one individual of that particular group. I think when we look at it through a DEI lens. It really allows us to frame it in a different situation where we can look at some of those intersections, right, incorporating new facts are difficult to incorporate into thinking right because some people are really fix we talk about, you know fix mindset it's hard to take these new ideas and to incorporate it into your thinking. The other thing that happens is people in the history like we know that, you know, I think we're history gives us a responsibility to write the wrongs of the past. And just because we did things in the past doesn't make them necessarily successful in the future. Right. The other thing that I want to underscore here is this virtual isolation, just because we have more time alone, being on computers and being working from home in kind of a closed space, you know there is a level of experiencing social isolation. So we really have to take that into account as we're building this profile for an anti racist educator.  So that's really important as we dive into this anti racist work. Many of you are really familiar with that. And I just really have to just I'm so excited for my friend Aubrey Evans who is that branched and many of you are familiar with this equity oriented resource criteria. So as you're examining your own learning environment. These are three fundamental points I want to be very clear about is learner centered. Right. We say it but we really have to have examples and evidence of what that looks like. So you're looking at things through a critical critical consciousness or critical ends and are we being culturally responsive. Right, we know the three areas from the nominal work of glory lasting buildings but I think I also want to highlight Django Paris who coined the phrase culturally sustaining So like now are we responsive now we have to move into sustaining it. But when you look at this equity oriented resource criteria. It really gives you a way to reflect on the materials that you use and you're building on the funds of knowledge and the assets right. It's, it's Donald Clifton's work if you've done your strength finder where he says, What would the world be like if we focus more on our strengths and our weaknesses. It's a simple question but it's not as simple because we really do tend to in educational spaces hold up a mirror and show students what they're not good at. So they're educated they're going through their whole educational career and they're still unclear on what they're good at. That's the first that's why we have an identity crisis right, you have to know your identity.  So having this equity oriented frame really gives us a framework to look at, not only for our materials but for our environments and our interactions as well. This, this is definitely something here. I've seen and I really do believe we have to do Maslow before we do bloom, because what happens with the original inception of Maslow is that kids have to belong belonging was really a fundamental basic need. But as we fast forward through all the different iterations of anti races work from we know, you know, the 1619 project to 1776 through the Civil War through reconstruction through the civil rights movement and through now with all the George Floyd murder and some of the changes that are happening. Schools have had a fundamental shift. And what I call it is schools tend to expect students to achieve to be long instead of belonging to achieve, meaning when they don't have a particular score. They bring weeded out of classrooms in different spaces. When I think about my English learners that were newcomers to the country they were actually placed in double block ESL classes and unable to take their A through G college requirements. That was a system issue. So what happens when the systems are racialized, we are creating these barriers that actually are of the systems doing. So again, it's that achieving to be long instead of belonging to achieve because we actually send students to school to school. They're coming there to achieve. If they're already achieving before they get there. We're in danger of raising a generation that's unwilling to learn. So that's where we have to really be careful and really refocus our attention in teacher educator teacher education, but as well as higher education and when we have students at every level, we really have to go back into this. So, here is something to where this is a working paper that I'm working on currently where I'm really trying to look at. I want you guys understand was in some of the accreditation that you have to have, but also in teacher education, there's something called TPs, which are teacher performance expectations. So I've been looking at a way to create a framework where every program learning outcome and every expectation, I have a pedagogical repertoire that the students could master for a particular skill sets. So what I want to underscore here is one of my just so respectful on the silly Ruiz I really encourage you to follow her work in critical humility. Again, this is something that circular but I just wanted to give people a snapshot of how the repertoire would work. Again, they're interchangeable critical humility is definitely something that you would see across all domains. The pedagogy from Chris Emden, the culturally sustaining pedagogy from Django Paris, culturally relevant pedagogy from Gloria Latsing Billings, and most, you know, and last but not least, for this particular meeting is the anti bias pedagogy from different sparks.  Right. So I think this is something that would definitely, you know, in the words of Barack Obama he said I wanted to bend the arrow towards justice. And when we start to be able to frame things like this, this does lend itself to that possibility. I mean, I wrote a paper about student motivation with a colleague of mine Dr. Donald Grant. We talked about dialogue circles and there are three things that we want to do. We want to invite we want to notify and challenge. And when we put this into that particular context. It really does have people lean into the work instead of lean back. Sometimes there's people who are developing their consciousness quietly. There's a senator her name was Catherine McCaskill in Missouri, and there's a story if you if you read the promise land from Barack Obama he talks about when he was trying to first pass the dream at. And he told the senator she's in a predominantly heavy Republican area. And he's like don't use it you know I know you're you're it's pretty edgy. You know your, your constituents may vote you out. If don't use your vote unless you're the one that would make it. The story talks about there were five votes short, but she still voted for him. And her response was like, I cannot do that to the kids. She was willing to do what's right in the face of losing all of what she worked for in Congress and I think that is something that we have to really elevate those voices because we have people that are willing to do what's right. Regardless of what the perceived consequences will be. And I think that really is our challenge or our call to action. And we're looking up for what's right and we've seen that over and over again right because we're seeing this generation, regardless, you know they're they're asking for change, and they're willing to stand so these dialogue circles is something that's another way to operationalize having these difficult conversations so that people have that safe space to really engage in the work. And these are some of the actions that we like. I think you know history, what we what's so important about history that allows us to keep record, we have to raise our awareness, definitely challenge and educate ourselves on what it's like to fight against, you know, racism and discrimination, and also, you know, other disparities. So if you're really credential, you really have to name it to frame it. If there's no name for a problem you can't see the problem. And that is so true the more we start to have names. Right. I mean, if you don't know again not only is she responsible for creating critical race theory. She created the say her name campaign. There are two women here where, again, now we're moving, I'm moving more towards the disorienting dilemmas. This is Michelle because so was killed by police in Arizona.  And I think, you know, sometimes we don't know some of these stories so I think, you know, Kimberly Crenshaw is correct in saying that we really do have to amplify these particular voices and, and Heather higher in her, you know, and what happened at Charlottesville. It's so interesting when you talk about being anti racist, as she was demonstrating in a peaceful protest, you know she got ran over by the car and I don't want to read live that for people but at the same time, when things are racialized, was there enough attention and outrage because she was white. They're like well she would have been black I mean what would have happened, right. So those are when you talk about anti racism. Those are some of the things that we really have to grapple with. Disorienting dilemmas is another project here that we are working on, and it's really being able to teach things that are really have kind of opposing viewpoints. And you really have to explain it to students because what I want to be clear here about is, you don't need education code or policy to teach the truth. There's no rule against teaching the truth so when you have a disorienting dilemma, you're not influencing your political ideology on students you're just giving them the space to make sense of it for themselves. And here's the courageous conversation framework that goes along with that disorienting dilemmas and these are really five, you know, really key steps staying engaged. So we're going to experience discomfort I like to say I'm comfortable being uncomfortable. Again speak the truth, expect and accept non disclosure. Let data lead the top. So a lot of times we want to just take, we're going to take away, you know, kind of our emotions because sometimes you know these dilemmas are emotional, because sometimes how you feel isn't actually the truth. Right, or sometimes people manufacture things in their mind that haven't actually happened. So that's so important to let the data kind of lead the discussion. Here's something here is the actual disorienting dilemma. This is kind of the framework. This is kind of the format that we've used with creating this critical reflection and measuring levels of confidence in these discussions. So really this isn't evaluative. Right, this is more of an informational right this is more constructive this isn't an evaluation. Right this is more of a developmental tool to be able to get to being very confident when you're having these courageous conversations so I would expect that would be confident to non confident when they first engage in this work, because it's really difficult to really share some of those important beliefs and in factors right that you may have held near and dear to your heart. So one example of a disorienting dilemma. You know there's a shaman who you know we all know the January 6 insurrection, and we all know the George Floyd protests. So, you know the question that there's a couple things here. There is a differentiated response when you see the police and in kind of the militarized presence of a protest and then you have this kind of disorient right.  So, the dilemma here is that, you know the insurrection you do have the right to petition the government, but you don't have the right to put Congress and do and then, you know, imminent danger and you don't have the right to interfere with the peaceful transfer on the other side, you do have the right to peacefully assemble right, but you don't have the right to write or cause a riot. So when you look at these dilemmas. These are some of the things that we have to grapple with. I really like this, this legal terminology of willful blindness, because it makes you not be able to plead ignorance. At some point, it's not going to be enough to say you don't know that you're being racist, because that's not going to work right I think that's really people are avoiding it right it's sitting in a place of power and looking the other way. And I think what's happening is the paradigm is shifting. So in fact that willful blindness in color blindness, all those things are just really are going to be unacceptable to to a large, a large portion of this work because if you're using color blindness that tends to make people feel invisible. So that you know that's so important for us to really grapple with these with these dilemmas. This is a little bit more recent. I don't know if you all have followed Matt Purna, he committed suicide and I felt like, you know, he was there in the insurrection and in January six, but he wasn't able to really come home back to the community, obviously, and his family said that, you know, I read this quote.  So, maybe there was some quiet consciousness after he had done something wrong maybe that was a way of apologizing so you know January six you're being racist and then maybe February 25 prior to the suicide you're being anti racist so what I want to underscore is, even makes candy talks about racism. You know, the prep is perpetrator perpetrator center, instead of system policy center. So again, if you've read a book called why meadow died that was the Parkland shooting Alan Pollack did a fantastic job saying I'm not really too upset. I'm not the kid the system created the monster. Right, if you've gotten 100 calls to your home from the police department, you're 18 years old, and you sign yourself out of special education and go buy a weapon. Those were system things that happened that really created that. So again, those are some of the dilemmas that we grapple with right, and now we're looking at transformative practice and educator diversity. I love you know I to be Wells Barnett I mean if any of our esteemed women are here who use a hyphenated name, we have to elevate her because she's one of the first, I think she is the first to actually do that she did not want to give away her maiden name.  But if I die, I will with the lie on my soul, I shall be tortured forever. I know there's no color and then we're teaching the truth. So again, these are some of the readings that we're, we're really grappling with in our transformation center. This is Gloria Latzins book here. Dr Tyrone Howard, Kim Crenshaw, my academic mother Gloria bouti, you can read the Derek Bell work and obviously the esteemed Pedro Nugara. These are just, just a few that really helps us center the work of some of these, you know, world renowned scholars that do anti racist work. Also here I just, in many of you are familiar with J Luke would J Luke would and Frank Harris so I just so respect those gentlemen for the work that they're doing with race lighting, and the black minds matter. And again, that's so important too, as we're grappling with that as well in our transformation center. And then you know Chris Emden, when we talk about teaching and learning from the student perspective. He's got ratchet demics is a new book but this is the one where he really elevates that reality pedagogy. So again, some of the research that's happening that we wanted to incorporate into the transform, transformative practice at Pacific Oaks and with our branch at partners. These are some of the things that we're doing here, I love this from we know, Paulo fury with the pedagogy of the oppressed but I want to go from oppression to hope. And in my mind I love, I think hope is an acronym for me, holding on with patient expectations so at some point, we have to really engage in dialogue because that's a way of us going through the learning process, and it really is indispensable. So in here change really does depend on everyone I know history leaves us with that responsibility to write the wrongs of the past and if we want to change, you know change doesn't look for a resting point and really does look for a launching pad. And then I would definitely recommend Aaron daddy Roy's work using the pandemic as a portal, as you start to read some of the work and other parts of the world to see how they're letting things go as they're moving forward. So if you're thinking back but looking forward if you were looking at it through the African diaspora, you would call it st cofa, because that really is that wisdom of the past to build a better future. Here are some additional resources here, the Center for Education and Equity of African American students, obviously, you know the renowned work of Nicole Hannah Jones 1619 project, braver angels, living room conversations Shameless plug for my partner so I love near and dear or the branch Alliance for educator diversity. And lastly just stay in touch now we met we're all friends. Let's stay in touch and another shameless plug. If you're interested. Next Friday, myself and Dr Pedro Noguera are engaging in a conversation.  So I'm just so honored to have the privilege of speaking with him and working with him in this important work. So I hope you all enjoy it let's make sure we stay in touch and thank you for listening. Thanks a back over to James Luna and Liz. Yes, thank thank you so much to really appreciate that what there is a lot there and I know there's a lot for us all to digest and to continue to learn I appreciate, in particular the continued resources that you have for us and I admire your ability to maintain quotes in your head. I wish I could do that with all the stuff that I read but man it just goes it just goes out the other ear for me. So I admire that. So, we are just about at the top of the hour, but any questions I didn't know if you wanted to open up. Yeah, I think we want to open it up for a few minutes of questions I'm going to pass the mic to Una and Liz to facilitate the questions. I do have to jump here at the top of the hour. Thank you James yeah I amazing talk and I I'm so glad we have this recorded so that all of us will be able to go back and review some of the great information that you shared with us Gerald. And will you make this the PDF of the slides available to absolutely I will send them to you and in James and you all know you're my brother and sister in this work so I don't I'm an open book if there's anything I can ever do, you know you guys can have that so don't worry about you know screenshotting will you guys can definitely keep that. Well thank you so much I think there's there's so much here that people will need some time to digest it. And so, we would definitely want to open it up so you know please unmute yourself if you would like to ask a question or perhaps you have a comment for Dr Hill. There's been a lot of chat going on. So that's what happens during lunch and learn right you have your lunch and you can chat. Yeah, but like I said I know it's a lot of information and this is, it's not easy it's a lifelong process so I know, oh there's a hand up. Okay, Christine. Oh yes. So, thank you for that so. So I do have this question and we're clearly all motivated, you know not to be anti racist. So, is was this was the goal for you to just remind us about, like, what the research is out there, and then to keep working on ourselves and deliver on education and make it sustainable impactful and manageable I forget the other, the other one. So was, was there ever. I don't know if you mentioned this I was trying to listen carefully, but is there any like discussion. You know, amongst people who do this so far work, like why curriculum has been racist, like it's right because I do embrace theory quite a bit and one of the things I always seek out and I've, I always and I found some already but there's no fear of explanation as to why this is even needed now, like when it started you see what I'm saying, and you can talk about system system and structure absolutely right and but racism is never really the only explanation it definitely is a dominant explanation but is there any room or space that you you and your colleagues have made to explain the theoretical foundation as to why the curriculum has been racist from English to math. That you're that's an excellent question and yes there's a lot of work. Kathy is that Chapman University was a math expert in this work too, but what I can share with you is what happens is some people are doing what they're taught right. You know it's it's you know until you know better you can't do better so we don't have diversity of textbook selection. Right, so what happens is you're hearing everything is, it's written to a bias, and you have biased outcomes. So what happens is when you don't have the diversity of authorship in the academic space, you have these really narrow views of, you know what instruction should look like, and who am I targeting. If it's based in positionality to a white middle class family like that that's going to be different right when you come into a Latinx household and you have extended family there. The house isn't in chaos that's just how they live. But if you if you're not seeing it with a cultural eye, you're going to have a misunderstanding right. So I think that's one of the bigger challenges with just the authorship when you look at who who you're thinking. So that's why when you talk about banning books. That's a part of the infrastructure trying to combat the changes that are so necessary. So I think like I said this is a really deep conversation so there is a lot of work around that, and I really do try to elevate diverse authorship from people that aren't as red as I think they should be. I think that that's the, the work, the word I'm looking for is a counter narrative. Hey, have we looked at math from this perspective, right Aaron Dottie Roy is in India, like to talk about her work right so that that would be my my comment to that particular question. Thank you. Some questions come in from the chat, which I'm happy to relate, but please do feel free to to unmute yourself. Donna asked, why are legislators continuing to control what children learn in school. It's definitely a revolutionary and I appreciate that. You know what it is, I really. That was a rhetorical question. It was like, why well because of control and power and maintaining oppressive systems. Yeah, well if I could, but if I could offer a counter argument though but see that's the thing to write the part about the legislators having power. One of the things I read called many other primes was centered on McCarthyism. Now what was very interesting about that theory is is that it during the height of McCarthyism, which of course was decades long was not even just when McCarthy was senator.  But because they exerted pressure on the curriculum on the professors, all the teachers that they purposely did not talk about race. That was most fascinating sense of wow at one point because at one point the curriculum was anti racist up until the 60s which explained all the students that were, you know, protesting against the racism of the Vietnam War, you know, and the sexism and and even when at the time that was the Chicano Chicana Revolution as well and you also have the young Lords of Puerto Ricans in New York there was also fighting for racial equality and not to mention you have the Native Americans who took over Alcatraz. Next forward many other crimes she's a Harvard professor, or she wrote her dissertation in Harvard I forget, but it was most fascinating because theoretically what she was saying is is that all the professors who were race scholars and gender scholars and sexual sexuality scholars and class, they don't want them to talk about class at all because that's the common ground that it is because that they were worried about their livelihood and federal imprisonment that they purposely did not talk about race at all. It's compelling, even very free Dan, you know the feminine mistake her common criticism is that she didn't talk about black women. She did not talk about black women but this one scholar named Horowitz looked at her work. She was under a lot of pressure from the federal government she was under threat of being persecuted and being imprisoned for it. So that is why ready for Dan, who was a race scholar did not talk about black women and their plight in American society, because she was worried about being arrested. So back to this question about why legislators having power. Now that's a theoretical explanation as to why at one point you did have race scholars at one point it changed after the 1960s. But anyways, I'm sorry really get a chance to dialogue about like theory so I just couldn't help but jump on that. But that's the last thing I'll say I promise. Yeah, I think you guys are definitely spot on with that but I think the other piece to when you talk about it being racist when there's an opportunity gap, and you don't have the adequate textbooks and supports that kind of perpetuates it like you just you go into schools, when you feel like kids don't deserve an education, you can go look at some of the places right that is another part, and you can hide racism with tax cut or redlining, and that's a whole another reason for some of the challenges, because then when you raise the taxes in poor neighborhoods is not that they're not doing their contribution right is just that they're not getting the support. And then why you know the teachers who want to go in the inner city, they're paid significantly less. So there's two reasons that people don't go in the teaching it's poor work conditions and ineffective leadership. And we know that so those are some of the things that we have to grapple with. Are there, are there other questions. Yes, well, there was, thank you, Liz, we have a survey that we like all of you who were able to attend today to take it's a very short survey. We have three questions just asking you if this was a meaningful presentation for you and your work today which I think for all of you probably that is a true and then we ask you how you're going to apply it so it's very quick. We've been doing that with all of our sessions. This spring and I don't see any, let's see. I don't see any other questions but once again, we can, you can unmute and speak up if you would like. And there's so many testimonials in here to your sharing with us today. Dr. Hill, this has been extremely valuable. And I know that myself, I imagine many of us will will listen to this recording again. Yeah, absolutely and like I said there isn't one cookie cutter way there's no clear path to it right. Like when you have people say you can make progress on peace, but you're still bombing someone so I just don't know if that's you know you can't do that. And this work is like that too because you can't look at one individual situation and categorize it. Every place is different. I mean, in my city with three different school, three different communities, you have well wealthy people and you have people in poverty is going to always have that, you know this just our job to keep pushing forward, really and I think the last thing I'll say I know you guys are jumping onto a meeting is that, you know, in this work, you're constantly going to keep pushing towards it you're going to constantly keep learning and unlearning the things that you thought you knew. So the other thing that I do is I urge people to have them to thank people that help them learn the things better they thought they knew, because sometimes we think we have it, and they were like, Oh, I never considered that particular piece of information. So, I'll leave it there. Thank you so much and I particularly was impressed with you reached back into the 60s. You know which is now good gravy that's 60 years ago. And that scholarship that really resonates today so I was very good. Excellent. Well thank you all for listening and continue on in the work and it's good to be with you all. Thank you so much. Take care. Stay well.


The Honored Watch is Long Jean. Long Jean watches have won ten World's Fair Grand Prizes, twenty-eight gold medals and more honors for accuracy than any other timepiece. Long Jean, the world's most honored watch, is made and guaranteed by the Long Jean Wittemaw Watch Company. It's time for the Long Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour, brought to you every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. A presentation of the Long Jean Wittemaw Watch Company, maker of Long Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittemaw, distinguished companion to the world-honored Long Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Long Jean Chronoscope? Mr. Donald I. Rogers, an editor of the New York Herald Tribune, and Mr. William Bradford Huey, editor of the American Mercury. Our distinguished guest for this evening is the Honorable A.S. Mike Monroni, United States Senator from Oklahoma. The opinions expressed are necessarily those of the speakers. Senator Monroni, our great chronoscope audience, remembers you, sir, as a very energetic young freshman senator who won a rather dramatic victory in Oklahoma last year. And first, I think they'd like to locate you in the political firmament.  Indeed I am, Mr. Huey. And do you call yourself a fair dealer? I wouldn't hardly call myself a fair dealer. I call myself a good Democrat. I vote with the Democrats generally, but time and again, I call them as I see them, and sometimes I can't go along. In general, however, you are a supporter of the administration. In general, yes. I think we're on the right policy to help this country find prosperity and peace. Well, I'm sure that our audience would like to have your reactions on the corruption issues, sir.  Indeed I am. I think it's one of the greatest problems that this country faces is to continue to give efficient, honest government. And we cannot tolerate anything less. I think the important thing about the corruption that has been uncovered, that has been uncovered by Democratic Congress in both houses and that the committees that have been investigating have been chairmaned by Democrats. We're not sweeping the dirt under the rug. Do you think it's a problem of the country or a problem of the administration? I think it's a problem of both. I think you're always going to have a certain percentage of men of bad faith when you have large sums of money being handled and large problems to handle. The important thing is to prosecute those to the fullest extent of your ability and to be sure that any dereliction of duty is thoroughly cleaned up. You feel that the President has been prone to sidestep the issue? I don't believe he has. I think he's moved in just as strong as he can on this corruption. I think the changes that have been made and will be made will prove that we're going to clean this up just as fast as thoroughly as it can be done. Do you think perhaps, sir, that the situation reflects some laxity in the White House itself? I couldn't say that. There have been mistakes in appointments perhaps. And then I think the system probably is wrong. I think one of the things bad that concerns me the most is the things that are coming out about the Internal Revenue Department. I believe that the political appointments is the wrong system to trust to political henchmen the collection of 60 billions of dollars. I think it ought to be career work. Now, Senator Dixon of Illinois has stated on this show not long ago that he thought that there was some, he called it, collapse of conscience in the country or that the country was losing some of its capacity for moral indignation. Now, what are your views on that line, sir? Well, sir, I can certainly say, Mr. Hewitt, that the country is properly indignant, that Congress is properly indignant. And the fact that the important thing about this corruption issue is that it is being cleaned out and will be cleaned out if the country was tolerating it. The country just shrugged their shoulders and said, well, it's always going to be some of this and what can you do about it? That would be something to worry about. But the fact is you're out to get it and you're out to clean it up. Do you feel that this will have some impact on the forthcoming elections? Well, undoubtedly it will be a part of the campaign. It will be one of the things that Democrats will probably be called to account for. Work to their detriment. Unless the thing is properly cleaned up and I believe it will be properly cleaned up and the guilty people punished and the system that is wrong and by that I mean the system used by both parties and that's political appointments for internal revenue positions. Should be changed to civil service and career appointments. Now speaking of the next election, sir, I believe that you have just been had something to do with the investigation of the Ohio elections and the amount of money spent in the re-election of Senator Teff. Yeah, that's right, Mr. Young. Now, what conclusions have you reached after investigating that election? Well, this is not the first state we've been in. We've investigated several states, Maryland, Ohio, Iowa and several others. We've come to the conclusion that we've got to tighten up the loopholes in the corrupt practices act. It was passed in 1925 and the limits that fixed $10,000 for a state of New York or for the state of California, these tremendous, or Ohio, is entirely unrealistic in the light of today's demands and you're always going to have money spent in excess of those amounts unless you correct the loopholes and put a realistic limit in and make the candidate accountable for every dime that is spent in his behalf whether by satellite organization or whether by the candidate himself. You didn't investigate Ohio in a deliberate effort to discredit Senator Teff. Mr. Huey will say that it was a very fair investigation. In fact, we got more complaints from the Ferguson side because we investigated both sides.  Well, I think in the first place you ought to put a realistic limit on what can be spent to say $10,000 to win a Senate seat in Ohio is entirely fantastic. You didn't have television, radio. You didn't have colored printing or billboards or any of the things in 1925 that are mandatory to be used in a campaign today. Did you raise the ante? I'd raise the ante, probably to $250,000 or a half a million dollars if necessary in these big states and then require an absolute accounting for every dime that's spent whether by the candidate or by the satellite organizations that now spend money in his behalf ostensibly without the candidate knowing that it's being spent. Do you have any conclusions to the probabilities of 1952, sir? Do you anticipate a very vigorous campaign in 1952? Well, I think it would be one of the bitterest and perhaps one of the dirtiest political campaigns in history unless the Congress passes a new set of markers of Queensborough rules. We're going to have to have some pattern with which both parties can live by and observe. You think there may be, we may set a record in national expenditures unless something is taken. I think it would be easily possible I think of 1,200,000 being spent in the TAF campaign and by his supporters for other portions of the Republican ticket and perhaps 800,000 for the Democratic side. You get into pretty fantastic sums for one of the 48 states. Will we also set a national record in mud slinging? Well, I think that's liable to be one of the dangers and we're trying to work on this scurrility and defamatory statements. I think that is another danger that you can tear up the very fabric of government. Are you going to limit inside fighting of that nature? Well, we're trying to do it on Senate races by giving notice now in the Senate rules that a man's campaign, the type of campaign that he runs will be one of the matters in which he's judged for his qualifications to be a member of the United States Senate. Senator, you are from a border state so our audience tonight will be very much interested in your predictions for 1952. Now specifically, do you think the president will be a candidate to succeed himself? Mr. Huey, I don't believe he will. That's only a guess. No one has ever told me, but I've observed the political scene both as a political writer and now as a congressman and now as a senator. Then who do you think will be the Democratic nominee?  Why do you think Sam Rayburn will be the man? Well, in the first place, he's held the number two job in this country which his Speaker of the House is far more important than the Vice Presidency. Any man has ever served in the House of Representatives as a supporter of Sam Rayburn's and you've got hundreds of them throughout the country in all 48 states who believe in him and respect him. What about his political location? The Democrats haven't nominated the Southerner for president in many years. That's right, but Sam fortunately has demonstrated over the years that he's been Speaker of the House a complete fairness for both the North and the South and you can ask any man from New York or Connecticut or Massachusetts or any of the northern states has ever served in the House with Rayburn and you'll find that they'll say at all times that Mr. Rayburn has been extremely fair. Now as to political sentiment in your state, if the election were held today, sir, and the race were between Mr. Rayburn and Senator Taft, how do you think Oklahoma would go? Well, I really believe Oklahoma would go for Mr. Rayburn undoubtedly. Suppose the race were between Mr. Rayburn and Mr. Eisenhower, General Eisenhower. Well, Mr. Eisenhower would make a very, very hard candidate to beat. The only way you could beat him, perhaps, would be to connect him up with the Republican Congress that he'd have to work with during the four years if he were elected and run the Republican congressional record. Do you think that General Eisenhower will be a candidate? Well, of course there's been an awful lot of Congressmen and Senators and others trying to find out the answers to that question. My guess is that he will not be a candidate. I'd like one other observation from you, sir. Senator Smathers, a young man, like yourself, was on the other night. And we were talking about what the young Congressmen are thinking. Are you hopeful this year about what's going to happen to this country, sir? Yes, I feel a lot better about it as we finish this year than I did at the start. I believe we're beginning to see our way through this cold and partially hot war. You think 1952 will be a year of war, economy, and high taxes? Oh, indeed it will. We'll still have our restrictions on building and priorities and things of that kind. I don't believe you can get taxes any higher. I believe they've reached about the point of diminishing returns. Morals will be, though. Senator, as I understand what you've said then tonight, you are quite concerned about the corruption issue. You've been putting a ceiling on expended tours and you think that we're going to have a very hot presidential race in 1952. Thank you very much for coming up from Washington being with us, sir. Thank you very much. The editorial board for this edition of the Launcine Chronoscope was Mr. Donald I. Rogers and Mr. William Bradford Huey. Our distinguished guest was the Honorable A.S. Mike Monroni, United States Senator from Oklahoma. Here is a quick and easy lesson on an important subject. How to buy a Christmas gift watch. Just look at this enlarged Launcine watch movement. It's a beauty, isn't it? And yet, how can you and I be sure that it's a truly fine mechanism? Now, there is a way to judge any watch. And Launcine told you about it in this magazine, Advertisement, which you may have seen. Here is the advertisement and here is it is enlarged. 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Let's take out the contract. What is a marriage? Marriage is a declaration, a commitment to one another. It's reciting some vows, what those vows mean to you and both of you sharing and expressing this and making a commitment to it. Now you can do this in the context of a marriage license but the reality is, listen, it's pretty easy to get a divorce, okay? So yes, it's hard. Now a little bit harder to break up a marriage when assets are involved and children are involved but for the most part, you can still break it up just like you can break up two people living together just like two people can break up if they've just only been dating for a few weeks. Ending a relationship is relatively easy but I really wanna get to the context. See, the context is we intentionally are choosing each other.


Hello everyone welcome back to another session in dentistry and today's topic in oral surgeries anti platelet ricks so they are affecting the platelet aggregation or clot formation So they are also known as anti aggregate anti-aggregant because it is against the aggregation of platelets So these are members of a class pharmaceuticals which decrease the platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation and They are effective in arterial circulation. So it basically prevents the thrombus formation prevent thrombus that is a clot So basically the Clot formation is a fundamental thing of blood coagulation so that Mechanism will be prevented when we use anti platelet ricks So we may have conditions where we are not supposed to have a clot Formation in our blood. So in order to maintain that state we use to consume anti platelet ricks So what is the mechanism of action? So these tricks they have the ability to suppress the production of prostaglandins and thromboxin It's due to its reversible inactivation of the cyclooxygenase enzymes So cyclooxygenase enzymes Will be Inactivated irreversibly. Okay. So these enzymes so that is the cyclooxygenase enzymes are required for prostaglandins and thromboxin synthesis So it is basically to suppress the production of prostaglandin and thromboxin By inactivating this particular enzyme that is a function of anti platelet ricks So these are happy with one or more the ricks which decreases the ability of blood clot To form by interfering with the platelet activation process That is primary hemo stasis So anti platelet ricks can Reversibly or irreversibly inhibit process involved in platelet activation Resulting in decreased tendency to that platelet to adhere to one another and damaged blood vessel endothelium Now let's move on to the classification So in classification First one we have a reversible cyclooxygenase inhibitors So we learned that it inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme Which is involved in the prostaglandin and thromboxin production So this is like irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitors that is the most common one is aspirin Then trifluosal Trifluosal Which is known as Tiscrin So Brand name that is the first one is the most common aspirin and trifluosal Then we have the ADP receptor inhibitors. That is adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors The most common one is clopidocryl Then we have presugral prsugrl Then ticlopidine ticlo Pidin That is the adp receptor inhibitors Now we have protease activated receptor 1 antagonist. Okay, the protease activated receptor It is a PAR1 antagonist. That is vorapaxar VORA PAR Varapaxar Then we have The glycoprotein Inhibitor which is given only through IV intravenously They are adziximab adziximab adziximab It is adci ximab And tirofiban So these are tirofiban So these are glycoprotein inhibitors And One more category we have that is thromboxane inhibitors So the thromboxane inhibitors are terutrobin that is T-E-R-U-T-R-O-B-A-N terutrobin Okay, so these are the commonly used anti platelet drugs So categories are cyclooxygenase inhibitors adp receptor inhibitors Protease activated receptor antagonist glycoprotein inhibitors thromboxane inhibitors And the indications are primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease Then acute ischemic events Myocardial ischemia Cerebral ischemia Atrial fibrillation and trainer that is a chest pain and peripheral artery disease And it can also be used after angioplasty and stent placement That is a very commonly used that is most commonly aspirin is used And after the heart bypass or any valve replacement because the clot formation is very much Bad for this stent and valve because if there is any clot formation The complications will rise for that person who underwent the surgery And also it can be used to prevent the formation of blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation atrial fibrillation So the main contraindications of anti platelet drugs are people who are having risk of bleeding that is active peptic ulcer disease Or people with uncontrolled hypertension Or people with hypersensitivity and allergy and also people with asthma So what are the side effects of these anti platelet tricks the most common is the nausea vomiting stomach upset stomach pain diarrhea the rashes itching swelling of face and hands fever chills and sore throats So that is about anti platelet tricks. So we learned the mechanism Then the various classification its indications contraindications are side effects So it is a commonly asked short not for oral surgery exam. Hope you understood this small concept unit right about the mechanism classification Indication contraindication And lastly the side effects I'll come up with a new topic in oral surgery. Thank you