Hello and welcome to this video lecture. Today I will be discussing how to use matrices in NumPy libraries. So by the time that we finish this video lecture, you will be able to create and modify matrices using NumPy library in Python. So before we go ahead and watch the contents of this video lecture, I strongly encourage all of you to go through the basics of using NumPy library as it will help you to understand how do we use arrays and matrices in Python using NumPy library. So what exactly is a matrix? A matrix, the plural of a matrix is matrices is a regular arrangement of numbers in rows and column fashion. So if we are taking a set of numbers and arranging them in rows and columns, I will show you in a moment how then we call that arrangement as a matrix. The rows in the matrix run horizontally and the columns run vertically throughout the given matrix. So one dimensional array is a matrix having one row and it may have n number of columns where n is a positive number. Now why are we required to process or use matrices? Usually the information that is stored in an image is stored in the form of matrix. So whenever we want to process an image, we have to process the matrix that is storing the details of the image. When we want to make some manipulation of a shape, we also have to change the coefficients or the numbers that are present in the matrix which represents the shape. Similarly, if you want to do some complex mathematical computation, you will always have to use a matrix. So matrices are used in all these applications that we just saw. We have a lot of applications which require matrix. These are some of the basic ones. So element arrangement in matrix is as given on the slide. If we have a one dimensional matrix, it is represented by one row and n columns here in this matrix, n is equal to 10 where the number of columns are 10. Similarly, if you have a two dimensional array as shown at the right side of the slide, so you have 10 columns here and you have 5 rows which represent the matrix. So usually even when you are coding in Python, you will come across axis where 0 are the rows and 1 is the column. Moving ahead, we shall now see how to create a matrix using NumPy library. The matrix function returns a matrix from an array type object or a string of data. The syntax is the object of NumPy dot matrix and the data is passed as parameter to the matrix. This is an example of creation of a matrix. You call the array function and pass the array and the data that you want to pass that needs to be embedded as a matrix. Here I am passing three sub arrays and the output is a two dimensional matrix having three rows and four columns. The matrix also can be created using a range function and passing the shape or reshaping the matrix as having five rows and 10 columns. When you want the data to be in the range from 1 to 50 and want to reshape the matrix as having five rows and 10 columns, you can use this function and the reshape module to create a matrix as shown in the slide. We shall look at some of the properties of the matrix. Shape returns the number of rows and columns from a matrix. Shape of 0 returns the number of rows whereas shape of 1 returns the number of columns. Here 0 and 1 are called as the axis. Size returns the number of elements from a matrix. N-D-I-M that is dimensions prints the number of dimensions and item size prints the length of one array element in bytes. We shall see examples of all these properties. I have printed a sample matrix called MTX1 having 50 elements. Matrix dot shape will give me the output 5, 10 specifying the number of rows and columns. Shape of 0 that is the rows, number of rows has 5. Shape of 1 is 10 that is the number of columns. Size that is the size of the matrix is 50. The dimension of the matrix is 2 and the item size that is the size of integer is 8 in bytes. So this is the output that we get of the properties of the array. Now let us see some functions which will help us to modify a matrix. Function transpose helps us to transpose the matrix that is the elements in the rows become the elements in the columns and vice versa. Reshape gives a new shape to an array without changing its data. File returns a contiguous arrangement in a flatted array, resize returns a new array with a specified shape, append function appends value to the end of the array and concatenate function it puts contents of two or more arrays in a single array. Let us see the examples of all these functions. We will continue with the same matrix having size 50. When I call this function reshape and arrange it with two rows and 25 columns what it does is it changes the shape of the existing matrix and prints the same elements of the matrix MTX1 having two in two rows and 25 columns. Similarly when I call the ravel function what it does is it takes the elements from the matrix MTX1 and then prints a contiguous array of one dimension having all the elements of the matrix. Moving ahead when I call the transpose function all the elements in the first row will become the elements in the first column and so on. Moving ahead when I call the resize function and resize the same matrix MTX1 into a matrix of size 10 having rows 10 and columns 10 what it does is it prints basically the first 5 rows as the contents of MTX1 and now we want an array of 10 columns and 10 rows. So the remaining 5 rows are again filled with the same values as MTX1. So now you have an array A which has 10 rows and 10 columns which is filled with the same values twice. Now let us look at how concatenate function works. Here I am creating two different arrays array A and array B and then I am calling the concatenate function and I want to concatenate the contents of A and B into C and in the output we can see that the contents of array A which is a one dimensional array and array B have been concatenated. Similarly I want to concatenate and append the contents of this single dimensional array 50, 100, 150 and 200 to the existing array C which is a one dimensional array. So I pass these elements as data to append to the array C and the output is as shown in the slide. So 1 to 20 is the contents of array C and 50 to 200 that is the last 4 elements are the elements that have been appended. Now here we will stop for a moment and I want to know what is the difference between reshape function and resize function. So if you have understood the concept of resize and reshape the difference is reshape functions gives a new shape to an array without changing its data whereas resize function returns a new array with the specified shape. Let us see an example of both of them. Here this array has a one dimensional matrix having elements 1 to 12 and we want to reshape this one dimensional array into an into a matrix of 4 rows and 3 columns. So I simply called reshape function and it gives me a matrix having 4 rows and 3 columns. Whatever array can be reshaped in any shape as long as the elements required for reshaping are equal the elements should be equal. So we know that in the first one dimensional matrix we have 12 elements and the rearrangement of the elements are is also similar in the reshape function. So we will be having equal elements. So it is possible to use reshape whereas in resize we are having a new array that is it reshapes a two dimensional array to different dimensions. So we are resizing this array of 4 elements to an array of having 2 rows and 4 columns. So similarly you can see that 0 1 2 3 come into the first row and it creates a new array having a new row with the same elements. These are the references you may refer to these references for additional information on creation of matrix. Thank you.


Now there are other interpretations of the strategy. So let's let's talk about the interpretations. One is for about a week two weeks, there's been a You know big conflict between Nancy Pelosi and the Squad these four congresswomen by the way four congresswomen three of them born in America that he's referring to three of them born in America So there's been a squabble between Nancy Pelosi and the squad and for most of that week Donald Trump actually was embracing Nancy Pelosi and Saying no no Nancy Pelosi is not because the squad was claiming.  You'd think That that would be a good thing for Republicans So John Trump was supporting Nancy Pelosi and you could argue one of two things here the Donald Trump put out these tweets in order to Support Nancy Pelosi and put these people in their place this these congressmen in their place out of support for Nancy Pelosi and thus Continue the squabbling within the Democratic Party and within You know that's gonna rip the Democratic Party that is ripping the Democratic Party apart And if that's the case then he probably misfired because if that's the case then the opposite happened What happened is that everybody rallied around these against these tweets and rallied against him on the Democratic side And they were all made peace, right? They've all made peace for the sake of You know attacking Donald Trump being against Donald Trump Now an alternative explanation could be that no He wanted the Democrats to unite Because he thinks that there's these four Democrats ultimately gonna destroy the ability of Democrats to win in 2020 both local elections and the national elections and in that case you could argue He succeeded But that's giving Donald Trump a lot of credit I don't think that's what Donald Trump is after think about how Donald Trump functions And you know again, I don't want to spend a huge amount of time on this but think about how much how Donald Trump functions Donald Trump takes an issue Where There is a real issue. There's a real problem Let's take these four congresswomen. These four congresswomen are nasty They're really really really bad Ideologically they have horrible ideas They are they they are in many respects socialists. They're the most socialist of the Democrats They're anti-American. They're anti-Israel. They're anti-American military. They're just Truly ideologically Despicable they're bad bad people with bad ideas and morally condemnable you know The one who came from Somalia who's here's a refugee to escape she hates this country The country that is given a life that made a life possible for her and her family and she hates it. I mean that is Truly despicable now. I don't say She's despicable because she's Somali. I don't say she's despicable because of where she came from I don't say she's despicable because of the color of skin or even her religion She's despicable because of the idea she holds because of the statement she makes because of what she actually argues about So you can criticize these women these women are bad. So he takes an issue where there is something truly bad and then He takes that and he uses it To make a bigger statement in this case a racist statement in this case a statement About where they come from and they're belonging to a particular group a country Now I know as somebody is commenting on the chat I know that by criticizing anybody people can call me a racist But there's times which legitimate to call somebody a racist and this times it's illegitimate to call them a racist criticizing somebody for their ideas and For their moral character is now racism. I don't care what color skin you are Criticizing somebody because of where they were born is What's at least a form of collectivism of nationalism An ugly ugly ugly primitive form It's not where they come from that determines the character of their ideas indeed again Three of these were born in America went to America schools American schools But it is their character their choices their ideas that make them what they are, but you take that you take a legit potentially legitimate criticism and You spin it into a much broader criticism that plays into your nationalist xenophobic theme and you rally the troops and you get people excited and You get everybody interested Right and people agree with you who agrees with you as Donald Trump says some people like this tweets That's who he's targeting That's who he's talking to he also tweeted 12 hours ago our country is free beautiful and very successful if you hate our country if you are not happy here you can leave Okay That's true. Although, you know now we're taxing people to leave. We're making it more difficult for them to leave but So what and if I'm criticizing the country do I hate it? I know I mean I've been told I've been told that Somebody says it is strategy work.  They're not unified internally The the the the the disenfranchisement the the the the disagreements among them will continue. Yes It worked in it rallying his base, but what is the purpose of working to? reinforce a xenophobic nationalistic racist strategy Hitler was very successful and I'm not saying Donald Trump Hitler. He's nowhere near as smart, but But so what if something works? Communism so-called work for 75 years That's not the standard by which we evaluate what's good and what's right and what's just so the fact that it worked even if it did work depends on what you consider work is irrelevant Irrelevant to evaluating what Donald Trump we are not pragmatists. I'm an objectivist I'm not a pragmatist and I don't think it worked not if you believe in making America great again This is making America You know, this is making America what this is making America Terrible again, this is making America racist again. This is making America xenophobic again This isn't making America great again. This is the opposite. So if the real standard is the success of America Then it failed and it is failing and it will fail He says if you come after the president the country the flag He's going to defend himself What the squad doesn't like is that Donald Trump is enforcing the very laws. Okay, that's the immigration laws Yeah, the question is are you coming after them for the right work or not? Okay, so this is this is my broader point What Donald Trump does is he mixes a legitimate issue? these four women have really really bad ideas with a Really bad issue racism and he combines it and That's People don't know what to do exactly. They don't know which I you know uses this is called in You know, I recall this a package deal. He creates a new package deal and He uses that and people don't know what we hate these women But what Donald Trump sounds a little racist, but he's criticizing these women and they should be criticized But is this the right criticism?  There's a real issue on the southern border right now No question, but no nobody is talking about real solutions to the issue on the southern border Nobody's talking about changing the laws to really make This issue Resolve itself. They're real problems with immigration real problems.  Are we? You know, are we redoing? Comprehensive immigration reform. Are we attacking or we really redoing asylum? Are we? Addressing the core issues No, instead we're using it opportunity to scare people about these people now While I think there's a real problem on the border. I don't think it's a problem of oh my god These motorists and rapists are coming into this country. Oh my god. Mexicans are replacing you No, it's it's chaos down there. That's ridiculous This isn't how you run any kind of immigration policy, but We can't even get to that because he's mixing a real problem with illegitimate issues and Combining it into this fear-mongering and people see the real issues and they adopt His interpretations of them. They see these four congresswomen and they adopt his interpretation of these congresswomen They see China. They're real issues with China theft of intellectual property Oppression of all kinds of minorities in China Potential organ harvesting of prisoners all kinds of rights violation, you know huge surveillance state that we are problems with China Trade deficit is not one of them, but let's lump them all together and then oh, yeah We need tariffs because they're oppressing Muslims or we need tariffs because they steal IP or there's no relation between The two things So he constantly does this right he constantly points to a country and uses a people or uses an issue where there's legitimate concern and Then he focuses attention not to the legitimate concern, but to an illegitimate concern trade imbalances Round people coming replacing us or crime crime is not a big issue when it comes to immigration or Where there's countries that these women came from not a legitimate issue their ideas are so You know he he uses this and that's his genius if you will that's his brilliance is his ability to manipulate people like that he is a people's person a manipulator of people and To that extent he is a horrible person. He is an immoral person He's a pragmatist who can only think about Does it work? Not is it moral? Is it right? He is a manipulator who is leading the American people down a very very very ugly dangerous path Well, the new intellectual then you would you would imagine to be a fairly recent Other than any this type in the past you can remember that you would like to point out What type I would hold as the new intellectual well only to name a few historical Examples in the most general way Aristotle is the man I would talk as take as the first intellectual in history in the best sense of the word the founding fathers were Americans America's first intellectuals because they were thinkers who were also men of actions They were the man who knew that a reason is men's dietary Reality that men can achieve an ideal way of life on earth by means of his reasons and that men requires Freedom in order to be guided by his judgment and his mind that men should deal with one another By trade by persuasion, but not by force and compulsion. It's the founding fathers who established in the United States of America the first and only pre-society in history And the economic system which was the corollary of the American political system was capitalism the system of total Unregulated laissez-faire This was the basic principle of the American Way of life or the American political system, however in practice It has never yet been practiced at total separation of government and economics Had not been established from the first it was implied in principle But certain look hold or contradictions were still allowed into the American setup and into the American Constitution which permitted Collectivist influences to undermine the American way of life and today it is Practically collapsing today. There is nothing left except an undefined tradition the active intellectual direction of our society at present is Anti-American and anti-intellectual it is going back to the primordial mysticism of dictatorships and rule by force Therefore the new intellectuals now should be those men who will stand up For two fundamental values the value of their own life of their inalienable rights of their self esteem their independence and The value of a non coercive free society in which men do not use force against one another


Welcome back everyone. Today we're going to be addressing a question I've gotten a few times in the past regarding Dragon Quest 9. So if you didn't know, Dragon Quest 9, which came out around 10 years ago, originally launched with an online option, online multiplayer options and online accessibility options. So basically in the original copy, in the original version of Dragon Quest 9, you could access something called the DQ VC, which was a sort of online shop that allowed you to get exclusive items every week for Dragon Quest 9. And additionally, you could download special maps, quests, and a lot of cool stuff, which gave the game a lot of replayability in the post game. Unfortunately, Nintendo shut down the servers for the Nintendo DS a few years ago, and ever since that happened, this entire portion of Dragon Quest 9 has been inaccessible for everyone. It's been pretty much impossible to play the game online and get the full experience for Dragon Quest 9. And a lot of people have asked me, how can I still access the special content without the servers being down? And today I'm going to show you how. There is a little workaround that I figured out with the help of some people online, and I'm going to show you how to do it right now. So let's jump right in. All right, the first thing we need to do, of course, is bring out the system that we're going to be playing Dragon Quest 9 on. So this right here is a piece of ancient technology from the olden days that we used to play games on. And we're going to be playing the Dragon Quest 9 on this. And we're going to do it right on the original console. It's not going to be through an emulator or anything crazy like that. So you can do this on your Nintendo DS, your Nintendo DS Lite, your 3DS, all that stuff. So yeah, I've got the DS Lite right here. It's my old DS Lite from childhood. And we're going to play this thing. So here we go. Got Dragon Quest 9 booting up right now. And the first step is coming up. So I'm just going to skip past all the logos at the beginning and the cut scenes. So getting past that. The first thing you want to do, right? This is my brother's copy, actually. He has over 200 hours put into the game. You go down to this option right here. And you, of course, press A. This is configured DS Wi-Fi settings. So you, of course, go here. You have to have a new connection, right? And in order for this to work, you actually have to have no security on your Wi-Fi. You can't have a Wi-Fi password. Otherwise, your DS will not be able to connect to the Internet. It's a pretty old system. So you have to turn off the Wi-Fi somehow, figure out how to turn off the Wi-Fi password and have no password on your Wi-Fi. That's the only way to get the DS to connect online.  And there you have it. So testing the connection and it should work. There we go. All right, so we're connected to the Internet. That's the first step, which is pretty difficult on its own nowadays. Next thing you have to do is go into the actual thing. You tap the Ready button, right? Of the connection you just created. So what we do is actually we scroll down. You got to scroll down to the bottom. Now, you see this auto-obtain DNS? You want to turn auto-obtain DNS off. Press No.  So now you need to type in the exact numbers I'm typing in right here. You need to type in, okay, 1, 7, 2, okay, 0, 1, 0, 4. It's 1, 0, 4. And there's 88, 2, 3, 7. So 1, 7, 2, 1, 0, 4, 88, 2, 3, 7. You got to type that in and you have to make sure that it's this exact number for it to work. And that should be just about it, what you need to do. That's really literally it. That's what this is what you do to get to get the DS Online working for Dragon Quest 9. So we're going to go back right to the main menu. I'm going to go back in just a second. So I'm going to master all this. Come on. It should work. All right, so continue your adventure. Now, in order to access the VC, you need to go to the City's Stormway, which is where I am actually right now. You go to Stormway and you want to go to the Pud, Patty's Pub. So we head over if I can remember where the heck it is. Nope, not there. That's embarrassing. Patty's Pub is right here. So we're going to go to the inn here and what you want to do, right? You want to go to this inn. Let's go inside here. And there's a woman here you need to talk to. So on the far, I'm going to zoom in a little bit. So the woman with the, the blonde woman with the green bow, you got to talk to her. So we talked to her, Selma. Hello, welcome to DQVC, the shopping service, right? So this is where we test to see if it works. So I connected the Nintendo Wi-Fi and let's see if this thing works. Let's see if we can access it. Come on. Downloading data? Oh, it's working. Look at that. And it's successfully downloaded. So the DQVC, it works. You see that? It works in 2020. It is the year 2020, 10 years after Dragon Quest 9 came out and it worked. Let's check out the shop. All right, venture logs saved successfully. There it is. That's the DQVC shop. So there's some new stuff here too. There's like some skeleton, jelly riser, Santa Claus outfit you know where. It's all there. So isn't that cool? So there's a, there's a method to access all this crazy stuff now in 2020 on your DS and our Nintendo DS. You can access the Dragon Quest online store. And this doesn't just give you these clothes. It gives you a lot of cool stuff.  It gives you actual in guests. So old characters from the Dragon Quest series can actually visit your in and they'll have their own room and you can talk to them and they'll give you stuff depending on when you talk to them. Like if you talked to them on your birthday, they give you something. Okay, I went to the wrong floor.  I'll show you how it is. Yeah, this is one of the one of the royal suites, I think. But there's nobody here right now. So there's, but there's a lot of cool stuff you can unlock with the DQVC. And without that, it actually does limit a lot of features that Dragon Quest 9 has. So, you know, I hope this helps people enjoy the game.  Me and my siblings got Dragon Quest 9 when we were in like elementary school or like middle school.  So we have all these different rooms, right? With all the different characters, these old legacy Dragon Quest characters, you can visit them and talk to them. Pretty cool. So who do we want to talk to today? I'd say we want to maybe go to Elena's room. Let's see what's going up. All right, there she is. And let's talk to her. Now I travel for to make stronger in preparation of next tournament. I become more stronger every day. She's more English every day. Okay, and we're exhausted a lot of the equipment that she can give us. This is cool though. So I'd like to see other people try to do this and see if it works because I'm really interested in knowing if this method works properly or not. So yeah, if this helped you out, please let me know. I want to know what you guys did with this. And yeah, I'll see you next time.


I can cook this food and I can pay for it Guys, I'm literally bought the builder. I'm driving a Range Rover and wearing a bright pink vest as I'd like the loudest one Just carried all of this upstairs all by myself call Reba. Tell her what I've done Today is a very very big day. I'm hosting book club for my friends. I take hosting very seriously True self is really coming out today. I'm gonna share with you guys how to be a broad money house life like me I've already started prepping up, but I do have my to-do list for today right now here We are ready to go guys. We have to go to Sprouts. We have to pick up flowers with to replace the light bulbs with to replace the lights We have to make avatars. We have a lot of things to do. We have to get started So if you guys are gonna hear subscribe hi guys, we're now at Lowe's which is honestly my favorite place in the entire world Like the plant section. There's just nothing that brings me like more peace We have to replace all of my plans. Don't ask why they died anyway So we're gonna go to Lowe's where I just I really love this but be a good host It has to look beautiful and I feel like my mom where I'm like cleaning for the cleaning lady You know like that's me. Oh my god. That's what I feel like and I get it So we're off to get some fans to really beautify see that word. I would never say that normally What's the word out of the four? What would Martha sigh? Probably beautify. No, she wouldn't Martha would never say beautify. I don't think so. Do you know Martha personally? Yeah, I feel like I do This fall as a form of self-care I would come shop the plant aisle for hours almost into a podcast Like listen, this is that I think about plants on my rooftop is that it's direct sunlight like you're supposed to have certain plants in certain places Whatever, honestly, it doesn't really matter.  So if someone else is taking care of them I mean they wouldn't die. That's fair. That is there, but I used to water them I used to and then I got out I got over it. Okay And he still can't push the thing I feel like we really should ask for some guidance the person who doesn't ask it in stores No, I will it just like in times like this. I don't want them to ask me because I know I'm doing things wrong. I don't Very beautiful doesn't this make me look like I had my life together. I don't but it makes you feel really accomplished, doesn't it? Red running housewife basically just like contradicts itself in it like that's the whole point like you're not like put a box Right, you can do whatever you want and I feel like Martha bodies out. Well, like you can be a convicted felon You can also be a very successful business woman, not just man I think she's opening the door for women everywhere for criminals everywhere Her felons around the world just carried all of this upstairs all by myself call Reba Tell her what I've done updates on the rooftop I have been meaning to get more lights to string on this side since I moved in So we have those and then I finally got another one I'm gonna hang them up tomorrow, but they are the right length, which is good news Now it's time to get the plants all situated In my grocery list. I do this to my notes app so to you know transfer here This is not a revolutionary concept But I'm going through all the recipes that I have making a to-do list and I'm ready to go off to sprouts We go guys my favorite place in the entire world. This is another reason to look sprouts All right guys, we just finished grocery shopping got a lot of stuff had a full photo shoot in the grocery store I was telling Dana. I was you know, I don't need to be understood not looking for validation But like like comment subscribe everyone's looking yummy for fine. It's like some people love attention You know sometimes you're me see look I can do it all I can cook this food and I can pay for it We need to keep prepping we've lost things to do. I have flowers. I'm also gonna be a florist today. Yeah ready to go Here is my grocery haul. This is what I got from sprouts today. We have some things for some appetizers We have Avaline wine flowers better, but I mean we're ready to go something I do when I'm cooking or really just in the kitchen at all as I always put a kombucha and wine glass with ice very good But I'm which is my favorite not sponsored things. I would give them, you know, I haven't tried this one. This is one of my favorites So good. Hi everyone. I hope you like my beautiful apron. Here. We are We're gonna start on the appetizers that I'm making today shout out Morgan Yates. She made these at a Christmas thing I know she didn't invent them, but she made them and they changed my life like three years ago It was December 2017 to be exact. We're doing bacon wrap dates You just hit the date you put the goat cheese in you wrap it with bacon put a little toothpick This is the closest they had a sprouts I think he's with the oven to 400 and you bake on each side for 10 minutes So gonna be great make these ham turkey cheese sliders. I saw them online. They look so good You're supposed to use the wine rolls, but they didn't have those it sprouts So we just got these cute little buns.  It's organic my mayonnaise and my mustard organic actually Thank you very much You want to mix up about half a cup of mayonnaise and then like I think it's I'll have the recipe the actual details down below You want to add mustard sounds gross? I know now we have some melted butter that we're going to brush on minus the back I don't have a brush. We're adding in some parsley lots of parsley here guys and then garlic powder We're gonna mix this up here. We got I have my sandwich that I'm making and then I'm going to this put this Put it on just gonna put it on lathered on I just it's been a long day guys I'm I don't know I like my sandwiches thick. So I'm going to put on a good amount. Okay, here we go Oh, that's a lot, but hey, we're gonna add some cheese. These are kind of like little sliders They look really good. Okay. Here we go add this here and then at the end I'm going to brush on this like butter cream hawks that I have here Except for I don't have a brush. So we'll get there quickly. All right, we'll work on that We're using Aveline's white wine. I love this wine. I'm not a wine girl and I like this stuff Then I actually measured this out this time by I measured it Dana measured it But we have eight ounces of some cider Topping it with some seltzer the drinks tonight. So I'm hoping so, you know, I'm a fan This is the drink setup. It's not cute. It's just out for when they get here The upstairs is gonna be cute. We have the food back here ready to go. Cider is not cute guys Like I'm actually gonna get we're not really strangers off. We're gonna play this tonight. It just doesn't look cute But it has to be there and I don't have a pitcher. I need one on italic. I know I know Sadly, I believe it's time to take my apron off I am gonna change my top into a cute little I'll show you my little book club outfit first day wearing uggs and fall 2021 very big day. I also have had candles burning for the past few hours in the bathrooms that my guests will use So it'll smell really good. Just like, you know, a little added touch So I actually have picnic people in Dallas that are coming to set up my rooftop and make it really cute If you guys live in the Dallas area check them out. I have them linked below and then we also have the cheeseboard thing That's being catered. So I'll have that below. They're arriving in 20 minutes Most of my friends don't know about so it'll be a surprise and yeah, very exciting. Here's my book club outfit I'm wearing this wrap top from skims. It is so cozy beans, uggs Honestly, the crop on this is kind of perfect because it's not like cold enough yet But this shirt is still warm even though it might not look like it. It is. Okay, trust me. I'm gonna get some Disposables out. Here we go. We come prepared. So these have been in the oven at 400 for 10 minutes I'm gonna flip them and then do another 10 minutes and then I'm gonna put these in the picnic is being set up right now It's 525 we have 35 minutes. I'm going to go see the picnic It looks no it actually looks insane. Oh, okay, the umbrella fell. Oh my god. Oh my god. Oh my god.  Oh my god. Are you ready? Okay. Amanda's coming. Oh, come on up This is really insane finish the sandwiches gonna put them on this plate from Jess. They're the only two that know that they're Jess we're ready for you So cute look at this So freaking cute we have the lights on we have the music on Most people have arrived and it just gets more beautiful by the second is it for today's video Amanda's turkey in the kitchen. Uh-huh. Book club was a huge success. It really was. It was awesome Yeah, it was actually so fun So I will link below like the recipes rose dale the box like charcuterie It was incredible If you guys are in dallas check them out. Hope you guys enjoyed my bread winning housewife video Love you guys. Subscribe for your new talk to you soon. Bye I don't want to hear 2012 top 40. That's not what I want to hear. I'm over it.  I I go to bat for dallas day in and day out But this is a serious problem that actually needs to be fixed


cathodic arc erosion deposition, cathodic arc evaporation deposition and this particular method has something in common with the vacuum arc evaporation. That means, this cathodic arc evaporation it has certain similarity in principle with vacuum evaporation it is exactly that from a solid to vapor and this solid to vapor transformation and then followed by a film that is the route it is taking place and that is common for both. However, for this arc evaporation there is one difference that in this case in this normal vacuum evaporation this metal flux that is mostly in atomic level. However, in case of vacuum arc evaporation it is mostly in ionic state that means, this metal which transformed into vapor and it is no more in the neutral state, but that has gained an ionic state. Now, this arc evaporation it is actually an old principle which has been intelligently used for this particular purpose. Now, this arc melting arc refinement of metal that has been and that has been a old technology which has been used since long. Similarly, we do have other process like arc spray arc deposition arc welding arc cutting like those, but here this arc is used for deposition of the material by taking this material from a source which is solid and then transforming it into a vapor and which is mostly ionized. Now, what are the distinguished features of this arc evaporation? This cathodic arc evaporation number one what we can say that this energy density power energy ion energy high ion energy that means, the flux of ion which will finally, arrive at the substrate surface that is having a high ion energy it can be in the order of even 10 to 100 electron volt this is number one. Number two what is also important in this case uniformity of deposition of this flux over a relatively large substrate area this is very important and interesting considering the size of many engineering component and complexity of their geometry. So, this is also one distinguished feature. So, these are from the deposition point of view. So, this is number two. So, this is uniformity of deposition what is further what we can see that is the quality of the coating. Now, on the quality of coating side we can have a highly densed coating. So, it is a densed coating with high density that means, its hardness should be quite high plus extremely good adhesion that is also another point. Now, whenever we talk about any coating whether it is a metal coating or a metal carbide nitride coating those things are of immediate interest that it is actually densification of the coating which simply reflects its hardness and adhesion of the coating means how long or with what reliability it can work like a functional coating. So, that means, it is a very strong interface. Now, this is one then comes what is very important requirement of substrate temperature. Now, in many process what we have seen that this substrate temperature has to be elevated to a certain point to have proper interface formation through some diffusion or pseudo diffusion some kind of chemical reaction at the interface and at the same time modification of the structure or morphology of the coating. So, without that temperature support it is almost impossible to get a good morphology which will simply assist in getting one of the best mechanical property say for example, ordinarily we may end up with a porous columnar structure unless we heat the substrate to a certain level. However, in this case in this arc deposition this cathodic arc evaporation followed by deposition in this case what we find because of the high ion energy of this incoming flux. It is not only the adhesion is remarkably improved, but also this coating can have a fine grain structure it is unlike that of ordinary sputtering with conventional way of working porous columnar structure large column with gap in between, but it can even lead to granular or equiax structure in this cathodic arc evaporation. So, this is one of the greatest advantage one can look in. Now, so this is actually low temperature requirement. So, requirement of just low temperature may be 100 to 100, 100 to 200 that may be the range and in this case it can be in there are many material like some of those plastics they can be also well coated with good density and good adhesion and without having any damage to the basic substrate. Fourth fifth one what we can see that means, it is also stoichiometric formulation of a compound over a wide range of deposition condition. Now, this is something gives the flexibility in operation of this process that means, the process window is quite wide and one can deposit a stoichiometric compound even though little bit of those gas pressure vary particularly the reactive gas pressure and the concentration of the cation that means, this metal vapour. So, even then we can have a good stoichiometric formulation then comes also. So, it is that stoichiometry, stoichiometry of the compound that we can have then come say if we are interested in alloy deposition. Now, the formulation of the source material and formulation of the film in many cases it is our common experience that the composition of the original material and composition of the coating they are not same because of some difference in their sputtering rate or any other deposition rate, but in case of this cathodic arc the evaporation deposition this can hold this it can retain the composition of the target in the film. So, it is also retention of composition. So, at least one can find out so many positive points in this particular process and that is why this process is becoming has become so attractive not only for just laboratory scale activity, but this process has been scaled up to the commercial stage and many of the products particularly for those tools of mechanical manufacturing for those with different size, large size, complex geometry and those material where temperature requirement has to be within a limit within a very low limit. In those cases this has become one of the greatest process of attraction and this has been day by day its use is increasing. Now, principle of cathodic evaporation we can have a quick look to this process. Now, here what we need to have we need to have one target. So, this is actually a target which is the cathode. So, this is actually the cathode material cathode and then there should be one anode. So, here we have one anode. So, this one now what we have to do we have to join this thing with this material this is just a separator. So, it goes like this. So, similarly we have here one separator which comes like this. So, this is actually the cathode this one and this is anode. Now, what is going to happen that here we have the substrate. So, it is actually having the shape of a cone. Now, this is the substrate and here what we have this flux of ionized vapour. So, what is going to happen? So, there will be. So, it will be negatively polarized and this will be positively polarized and cations with this plus that is going to hit the surface with the result of ejection of electron and this will electron will move in this surface this is electron and as a result of this high velocity impingement because it is negatively polarized and as a result of this this cations will strike this surface with the result of evaporation of the material and this material will be in this discharge. That means, first an arc is struck between this cathode and anode and so we have a plasma environment and within this discharge area this cation that will be attracted towards the surface and then this neutral that will be ionized once it is within this and that will be pulled on this side this is the metal ionized metal vapour. So, this is actually ionized metal vapour and which will be attracted on this side this will be this will intercept this flux and at the same time in most of the cases this is also negatively biased. So, it is striking the arc and then drawing this cations towards this surface then ejection of the material by this evaporation and at the same time ejection of electron which are secondary electrons which will be attracted by the anode and during this period what is seen that it is not only that evaporating the material, but at the same time it is also provided with high ion energy. So, it is ionized metal vapour which is attracted on this surface. So, the basic difference between this one and the conventional evaporation process it is that it is one arc discharge that produces the vapour in this case, but in normal evaporation what we see it is directly heating the material. So, that is the basic difference between normal vacuum evaporation and this arc evaporation. Now, actually what we can see the system cathodic arc system we have two types one is pulse type another is continuous type. Now, when it is a pulse type we have two option, option means in this case we have a time interval for cooling of this cathode or target, but the throughput will be less. However, when it is continuous in that case this throughput productive will be more, but in this case there is a chance of non uniformity of the deposition or non uniformity of the erosion of the cathode surface and these are the two merits and demerits of this continuous arc or pulse type, but cathodic arc system that means it is basically one if we can see two cathode here facing each other and anode is provided in this form and here what we have we have one table for substrate support this is the table and the whole thing is put inside a vacuum chamber and here we have this terminals here too. So, here we have three power supply three power supply this is minus and plus. So, what we have to have it goes with this. So, it is negatively biased this one is positively biased similarly, we have another power supply here. So, this is just negatively biased and this one this is positively biased and for the substrate holder this is substrate table this is actually the cathode anode we have the twin pair we have dual cathode system facing each other and for this we have to have a negative polarization on this side and that can be also connected with the chamber or it can be also grounded. So, the in this case that will be floating, but it can be also negatively polarized and it can be also this part can be also grounded. So, this is more or less a system and here we have to have one igniter for ignition of this arc. So, arc has to be struck between these two. So, this has to be there and apart from that we have one vacuum system that means, this is actually the vacuum system and vacuum system means we have just like normal vacuum system and here at least a pressure of 10 to the power minus 6 star that pre vacuum is most desirable and for that we have we can have a system having both a roughing line and a backing line. That means, on the backing line we have the diffusion pump and on the roughing line at the end we have it is backed by a roots pump followed by a vane pump. So, these are the peripherals for evacuating the whole system. So, that becomes a part of this one and apart from that we have this power supply and when we have to have say a reactive arc evaporation or deposition in that case we must have admittance of a reactive gas say for example, nitrogen and in this case it has to be a close controlled entry admittance of this nitrogen definitely with the use of a mass flow controller. This is number 1 and number 2 is the process pressure inside. So, this process pressure inside what we like to have definitely that will be on the downstream side. In this side here we must have a throttle valve and that should be properly throttle to give here we have a throttle valve and that should be properly throttle to give a process pressure of interest inside the chamber. So, that with this flow of this reactive gas then with this arc voltage arc current substrates bias voltage process pressure which are the basic parameter in the system we can have one of the effective coating on this substrate which will be placed on this substrate table. So, this is the basic system of this cathodic arc deposition. Now, there is one term cathode spot now when this arc is struck. So, there is a point where this arc is struck and that is the cathode spot and this arc spot size that is actually characterized it is very small. So, spot size that is very small. So, this is very small current density that is very high that is the characteristic feature of this cathode spot and also this arc spot that also moves it is not stationary and it also moves it swings with a very high velocity. So, the cathode spot that is actually characterized by a small size it is diameter then high current density and also the high arc spot velocity. So, these are the three characteristics of this cathode spot. Now, types of cathode spot now types of cathode spot what we have we have two types of cathode spot one is called type 1 and type 2. Now, type 1 that is first moving and type 2 is slow moving. Now, this happens on a cathode surface that means, it is actually that target surface. Now, when the target surface is absolutely fresh and in that case there may be some contamination on the top surface in that case this cathode spot that can move with a very fast with a high velocity, but when it is already an used cathode with a mark of all sort of erosion that means, on the surface then it is slow moving then it is slow moving then it becomes a slow moving surface. So, we have type 1 first moving and type 2 as slow moving cathode spot. Now, factor affecting this arc spot velocity. Now, it is actually what we have seen composition of the cathode material that matters very much in this determining the arc spot velocity then comes the gas pressure inside the chamber and that is necessary to have this arc deposition process conduction of this arc deposition process and at the same time if we incorporate some of the magnetic field inside that is also going to influence this arc spot. So, these are the three things which can affect this size of this arc spot. Now, specification of the cathode spot how we can characterize this arc spot this cathode spot number 1 spot size then spot velocity ion current density current density within this spot then erosion rate and also the current average current per spot. So, at least we have few of those parameters which starts with spot size spot velocity current density within the spot erosion rate of the spot and current per spot. So, these are the few parameters which can characterize this cathode spot. Now, comes influence of target surface. Now, influence of target surface means where we have we can have say a smooth surface, polished surface smooth and one rough. Now, in smooth surface this arc moves over a small area. So, here it is actually covering a small area whereas, when it is a rough surface it covers a large area and in this case what happens in fact, large area rough surface when we have micro groups scratches what is our experience that in those are actually serves like the store of all foreign elements or contaminants and over that it can follow that scratch path because of this very presence of foreign particle or contaminants material and that is why it covers a larger area when the surface is full of undulations, waves, scratches and other reliefs. So, this way we can also find out the influence of the target surface it is mostly the roughness or whether it is a polished surface. Now, it comes the influence of pressure. Now, influence of pressure means here what we find that this deposition rate or erosion rate. So, influence of pressure what we find that erosion rate that is one of the parameter erosion rate of the target that is one thing what we like to have, but at the same time what we also like to see that this J i that means, this is incident ion flux incident ion flux that is arriving on this substrate surface. Now, with increase of pressure what happens in many of the cases what we can see we can refer to one of the figure in this case this figure that here this has to leave this surface causing some erosion that means, material is gradually leaving this surface and that means, there is a loss of material on that side. So, material is leaving and been deposited on this substrate. However, with increase of pressure there will be this gas scattering that will lead to increase of gas scattering because of this SOD substrate target distance that is more than that of the mean free path and in that case higher pressure will promote collision and scattering of this particle and they cannot move in this direction, but most likely they will be redeposited on this side. So, incoming flux will be less with increase of pressure. Now, factors which can affect this arc voltage now arc voltage is also one of the parameter. Now, this arc voltage can be say may be it is actually arc process it is a low voltage high current. So, arc voltage will be say for example, 15 volt this is just for illustration giving one example that could be one range of arc voltage. Now, factors affecting arc voltage number one is the composition of the target and number two that is the process pressure. These are the two important parameters which affects this arc voltage. Now, here along with arc voltage another thing is also important that arc current density. So, factors which may affect arc current density those are also number one what we can write here composition of the target and also this arc spot velocity. So, these are the two which will affect immediately this arc current density which is one important parameter. So, far as erosion rate or yield of this arc deposition is concerned. So, we have seen that what are those factors which can affect arc current density and arc voltage. Now, splitting up cathode spot we have mentioned the cathode spot where this arc is concentrated it is struck. Now, this cathode spot need not to be just one it starts with one spot, but that can be splitted into two and that happens when the arc current increases and because of this instead of one spot we may have two spots. So, that is called splitting of cathode spot. Now, here the number of cathode spots versus arc current this is one interesting observation in that what we can see here that arc current and it is also the number of spots. So, what we can see here that for this we have this graph and here what we can see that this is for different material and with this different material what we can find that this arc current and number of spots that means with increase of arc current and this is particularly for one material then it can be zinc, it can be aluminium and it can be copper and with this we can find out this number of spots versus arc current. So, this is actually arc current and this is number of spots. So, there is a particular current we below which there will not be any generation of spot and with increase of this arc current we can have this number of spots which will increase with this increase of arc current. Now, here what we can show also that this is also arc current for spot splitting versus it is thermal property. So, this is actually the arc current with against this thermal property and here we have and thermal property means here it is actually melting point it is actually boiling point boiling point into root over of thermal conductivity. So, this is actually a thermal number. So, this is actually a thermal number. So, from this thermal number what we can get that means we get from this thermal number a position a graph and from this graph what we can find out that means from on this line will be located various materials say we start with bismuth then zinc then lead we can also have indium then aluminium and copper. So, they are more or less lying on this. So, this gives a relationship that means it depends upon the thermal number typical of one element which we can get by this boiling point into root over of its thermal conductivity and against that we can find out one arc current which can give into this splitting of the spot that means one single spot will be splitted into two and that is related by this arc current which is required. So, for aluminium this is actually the thermal number and from that we can get this arc current. So, this is typical of aluminium. So, for each element we can have such a plot. So, this is actually arc spot velocity versus magnetic flux density. Now, incorporating one magnetic flux we can also increase the arc spot velocity. So, this way it can be illustrated that means this is arc spot velocity and on this x axis it is magnetic flux density and we can have a curve like this. So, this shows at least in this zone the arc velocity is very much influenced by this magnetic flux density and if we like to increase this spot velocity for to facilitate with some of the various aspect of this process say some parametric control or the property control in that case this magnetic flux density definitely is going to affect this arc spot velocity and that can be used to our advantage. Now arc velocity versus cathode current. So, this is also another relationship this arc velocity with which it is swinging or it is moving from one spot to the other and for that there is another correlation and this correlation we can also find here and cathode current and this we can see that it is like a falling curve. That means, if we increase the cathode current then this arc velocity is going to fall. So, it is something like falling. However, if we see another one erosion yield in fact, if we see the erosion yield in that case what we see that this erosion yield is actually it will increase erosion yield will increase with this cathode temperature. So, actually this is cathode temperature. So, here this erosion yield is going to grow with this cathode temperature. Another thing also we have to look that this arc velocity cathode temperature that is also a falling curve. That means, with increase of cathode temperature arc velocity is falling. Now this is actually confinement of the arc spot. Now arc spot can move in a random manner over this arc surface or any surface which is at the cathode potential and if we just allow this thing in that case what may happen once if it leaves that spot then it can be extinguished or there will be non uniform erosion of the cathode material. Now to have more uniformity in the erosion of the cathode and more uniformity in the deposition there has been some attempt to confine the arc spot within some within the cathode area and one of that is called with one passive confinement. We have magnetically guided arc but before that we can also look passive confinement of arc passive confinement. So, in passive confinement what we see that means this is actually a cathode this is the cathode which is of course water cooled this is the cathode and just beneath it we have the water jacket. So, this is the water cooled and this is the cathode or the target. So, this is the cathode and on the two edges what we have here in this border here what we have two ring passive ring. So, it comes like a ring surrounding this cathode and when it is a passive ring in most likeness it is actually a ring made of boron nitride. So, this boron nitride is used for restricting the movement of the arc and it is confined within this top surface of the cathode and it cannot just leave this place and it is well within this cathode surface that means this is this ensures uniform erosion of the cathode and uniform deposition of the ionized flux over the substrate. So, this is actually passive ring. Now we can look into magnetically guided arc. So, this is also sometimes we can call it a steered arc that means by this magnetic flux this path of this arc that is also confined and with this what we get we get also a particular trajectory on the movement of the arc and thereby it is also possible to have uniform erosion uniform removal of the material from the arc surface which may lead to uniform deposition of the material on this substrate surface. So, magnetically so, magnetically guided arc means here what we have we have this cathode surface and here we have this magnetic pole and this is the lines of force. So, arc will be guided by this lines of force and by changing the position of this pole and by widening the changing the field pattern the movement of this arc that can be also regulated by simply changing this lines of force or the area of this field configuration of the field. So, that way also it is possible to have the motion of the arc according to a particular pattern and according to a particular requirement. Now problem associated with arc evaporation is mostly one of the main issue here comes that is the formation of the droplets. So, what we can see here so, this is one arc and that comes like this. So, this is a crater formation and what happens on this side we have ionized vapor, but in the low angle what we have it is actually the droplets micro droplets and this micro droplets will may fall on the substrate surface if it is not properly oriented and in that case it is a low angle emission low angle emission and it may fall on this cathode surface on the substrate surface which is having a uniformly deposited coating, but unfortunately over the surface we can have such kind of deposition of the droplets like this it can be something well within and then this structure will totally lose its characteristics and these may be the spot or the zone of weakness because of the non-homogeneity of the coating. So, one way of handling this problem is to have to have deflecting this droplets so, that they should not this is substrate this is coating and these are micro droplets which condense. So, one thing is to to have proper deflection of this thing so, that it cannot just fall on the surface or arrive on the substrate surface or it can be also filtered. So, there are some upcoming technologies by which these are in the very primitive stage at their infancy, but those things are upcoming technology which can be used for filtering those globules which come in the form of liquid. That means, instead of vapour what we get we get mostly a droplet in this form and this is actually because of the low velocity of the arc and because of this non-uniformity we can expect this droplet to form in this area of this cathode surface. Now, application of cathodic arc evaporation now from application of point of view application is almost unlimited in that this can be used for deposition of refractory materials or their compound. One illustration will be very meaningful here say bias voltage that is one of the important parameters in all this deposition process. Now, when it is ion plating what we have we have a bias voltage of minus 50. However, when it is this arc evaporation there we can have just minus 50 volt. So, with that what we have the deposition rate is it not going to be affected. However, this is possible because of the high ion energy of this incoming flux that makes things that makes the thing possible and the whole problem can be handled with just this low value that means, minus 50 volt instead of this 500 volt and at the same time it is also the low temperature. So, it is refractory materials and compounds of all those transitional element that is a singly as a single element or as a co-deposited composite for in composite formation their compound can be also well used by this reactive spattering. And in this case what is very important to have that is the process pressure and this flow rate of this reactive gas and also this bias voltage which is useful in getting this particular morphology which is of use much use to get the desired mechanical property. So, with this we can summarize that arc evaporation has some similarity in principle with that of conventional evaporation that means, it is solid to vapor to solid in the form of film, but when, but in case of arc evaporation it is the ionized vapor flux which gets deposited over the surface. In this case it is low voltage high current process this process has a flexibility of getting good stoichiometry of a compound. This process allows to deposit the material at a very low temperature and also the process is flexible in that its deposition rate is extremely high. So, we can have dense coating with a very good adhesion and with a high deposition rate in unlike that of any spattering process. So, that way this process is extremely useful and attractive when it comes to deposition of a thick layer covering a large area particularly for all mechanical wear parts and tools of production, but only one limitation is formation of this micro liquid drops and this is because of the cathodic spot which is causing this problem and this can be handled just by diverting deflecting this hearts this liquid global or it can be properly steered that means, the residence time should not be very high at a particular position and it can be also filtered. So, with this filtered cathodic arc or by suitable deflecting mechanism it is possible to eliminate remarkably this particular type of globules and we can also have some spotless coated material coated film by this cathodic arc evaporation deposition process.


Welcome to Toffey TV's Everton News Daily. Toffey's have reportedly rejected a 20 million plus Steven Bergwine bid for Richardlison. All I can really say about that is 20 million plus Bergwine that they must reckon Bergwine is worth about 50 million and to be honest he didn't really play much for Tottenham last year, he's not really fitted into Spurs with Conte as the manager so I wouldn't be having that. I can't seem coming into Everton anyway, I think it's just an easy link. Ajax apparently interested in Bergwine so we'll probably go back to Holland, I won't be having him not for 20 million plus as well. And apparently Everton firmly rejected it anyway so good on them. Another Spurs player we've been linked with today is Tanguy Endon-Belle. He cost Spurs 54 million from Leon, 25 not really worked out at Spurs, I think he's got six goals in 60 odd games, 63 games I think exactly. But he's been linked with Galatasaray for a loan deal with a view to buy so we can maybe look at that, we can do a similar deal, get him in on loan with a view to buy. I'm just a bit bored of being linked with Spurs players to be honest. Whether they're all easy links or that's like something in them I don't know obviously. Spurs we're linked with Anthony Gordon as well as for Charleston a couple of days ago but there's some reports coming out of the club out of Everton that Gordon's not for sale and I think they'd be silly to let go on a goal to be honest, especially at the moments. But the Endon-Belle thing, yeah, I think he's a better player than Winks personally, I think he's more talented than Winks. I wouldn't be spending money on anyone from Tottenham to be honest. Get one of them in loan, I'd take Enden-Belle in loan to be honest. But I just want all cash for it Charleston, get as much cash as you can and go spend it on some decent players. Some good news today, Everton under 21 defender Elijah Campbell has signed his first professional contract with the club. It's a three-year deal.  He made 16 appearances last year in the under-23s. He's praised working with Frank Lampard and getting some tips with Ashley Cole. He was a promising young defender, he looks really good. So it's some good news there. He's got a bright future ahead of him so good luck to him. And it becomes the latest youngster to join to sign a new deal alongside Mackenzie Hunt who signed one yesterday for the under-21. So some really good news there for the academy. There you go, that's all the news for today. Some interesting links there, let me know what you think in the comments and if you want more videos including live exclusive videos and join us on Patreon. Links in the description and the QR code will be on the screen in about two seconds. Thanks for watching, see you later.


Hi, folks, it's Jen White from opensource.com bringing you the top five articles from this past week, August 29th, and thanks for joining me outside today. It's lovely. Alright, at number five we have Does Open Source Boost Mental Health? Phil Shapiro ponders the question of what participating in open source communities and projects can do for one's happiness. He points to mood boosting activities like sharing and tinkering to explain that from where he sits, open source creates more hopeful and resilient minds. At number four we have Optimizer Linux Rig for top notch writing. Stephen Avadia shares an article from his blog My Linux Rig. He shares his interview with Scott Nesbitt, a tech writer living in New Zealand about how he set up his Linux environment to be conducive to writing. We know Scott Well at opensource.com. He's a frequent writer and one of our community moderators. He'll be sharing his reviews of open source tools and upcoming articles, so stay tuned for that too. At number three we have an introduction to Apache Hadoop for big data. Sachin gives a background on Apache Hadoop, an open source project many developers are familiar with these days. Hadoop has been growing in popularity since its creation in 2005 by Doug Cutting and Mike Carfelia. If all you know about Hadoop though is that it's mascot as a yellow elephant inspired by cutting sun stuffed animal, you got to check out this introduction. At number two we have a short list of open source software used in NASA labs. Lauren Etz appears at my top five again this week with her interview with Herb Schilling who is a computer scientist at the graphics and visualization lab at NASA. Lauren interned there this summer for three weeks, spending some of her time on a proof of concept project called the Pie Wall. It's a video powered wall driven by Raspberry Pi computers. And at number one we have what happens when a non coder tries to learn Linux. Authored by yours truly Jen Wake. It's a little weird to be reporting that my article is number one in my list this week, but it couldn't be avoided folks. It was just really popular with readers. I'm super excited about it. I appreciate your comments. I appreciate you sharing it around. Really I just wrote about why I'm taking the edX course introduction to Linux what it means to me to be learning about Linux and what the course is like. I show readers how you sign up with the steps are and then also what the first few chapters have been like I'm up to chapter six and there's 18 chapters so I'm almost halfway through the next thing I'm going to be doing is installing Linux on one of my computers so I'll be writing about that next. Stay tuned to see that. And that's it for our top five this week. Thanks for joining us. See you next week.


Welcome to my channel, I am Arapata Karwa and in this video I am going to talk about the most famous American short story writers and their remarkable works. This new topic short stories was introduced recently in the syllabus. Earlier as well they were asking questions from short stories, but they never specifically mentioned in the syllabus. Now that they have mentioned it, it's important that we go into details and we check out the most important writers and understand their works in detail. So for this purpose I made a crash course series in which I would be talking about the most important short story writers and I would also be looking at the most famous short stories which we can expect in the net exam. If you want a full list of writers and their works then you can go to my website ArapataKarwa.com and check out the detailed list of writers and topics which are a part of the new syllabus. We have segregated it in 10 modules and for each of the modules you will get the list of all the topics that you must study. Also this video lecture series is going to continue for a few more days. So if you want to be notified about the upcoming videos on short stories and short story writers then do subscribe to the channel. The first important short story writer is Edgar Allan Poe. I'm pretty sure that you must have read some famous poetry of Edgar Allan Poe as well as you must have heard of some short stories of Edgar Allan Poe. Now Edgar Allan Poe mastered the art of writing psychological thrillers. So he was talking about the psyche of the narrator and he was to describe what is happening inside the mind of the character. So at the same time he was writing during the romantic movement in America and therefore he also mastered the art of Gothic literature. All his short stories you will find that there is some element of Gothic literature involved. If you look at the major works by Edgar Allan Poe then the first important work is Tell Tail Heart. It is a beautiful short story in which he describes a narrator who murders a man. But that narrator tries to convince you throughout the short story that he is sane and he is justifying his act. But later what surprises the reader is when the narrator is able to listen to the heartbeat of the dead man. This story Tell Tail Heart is most of the time paired with another fantastic work by Edgar Allan Poe which is Black Cat. When I was in my graduation we had Black Cat in our syllabus and when I read this particular short story I was so much fascinated. I was so amazed that I decided to read more works by Edgar Allan Poe. Black Cat is a beautiful short story in which there is a cat with the name Pluto. Now the narrator of the short story loves the cat very much. But then one day in the influence of alcohol he murders the cat. Later he finds that he has trapped himself in a cycle of murder and he murders his own wife. When he goes in the basement of his house to bury the wife he finds that he is haunted constantly by the cat that he has murdered. So you can see how Gothic elements are coming up again and again in the works of Edgar Allan Poe. Apart from that there is another superb story which is titled as Spit in the Pendulum. Murder of Roe Mogars. All these works by Edgar Allan Poe are discussed in my online course. Apart from that I would suggest you that please make a list of most important stories of Edgar Allan Poe and just go through quick summaries so that you know what the story is talking about. Second on the list of the most important short story writers in American literature is Shaldred Gilman Perking. She is one of my favorite writer and I love her short story Yellow Wallpaper. Yellow Wallpaper is a classic short story which comes under the feminist literature. Now if you look at this work you will find that the major theme is the postpartum depression. It's a form of depression which is commonly seen in new mothers. Females who have just become mothers they find themselves in this postpartum depression. And this work is an autobiographical short story and that is why you can actually see the life and views of Shaldred Gilman Perking when you read this short story. Now what is the story all about? The story is about a lady who suffers from postpartum depression and she has been advised rest therapy by the doctor. Now what is rest therapy? Rest therapy is when you need to be in one room for long hours. So when she is in one room she has a yellow wallpaper in front of her bed. So when she is looking at the yellow wallpaper she pictures a woman who is trapped in that yellow wallpaper and she decides to liberate that woman. She makes all the effort so that she can free that woman from the wallpaper. And at the end you will find that she says that I have torn the entire wallpaper and now I have set the woman free. This particular short story has been asked in net exam several times. In December 2013 there was a question that which classic short story has the following ending lines. And the lines were I have to creep over him again and again. So when you look at the closing lines you will find that the story is yellow wallpaper. Apart from that there was a tricky question which was again asked in 2014. The question was who wrote the work novel on yellow wallpaper. Now don't get confused the options had both Charlotte Gilman Perking and Stevie Smith. But the correct answer is Stevie Smith. Charlotte Gilman Perking has written a short story that is yellow wallpaper. Whereas novel on yellow wallpaper was written by Stevie Smith. And then the important writer in the field of American short stories is Kate Shopping. Kate Shopping has written a fantastic short story called story of an hour. In this story of an hour she talks about a lady who hears about her husband's supposed death in railroad accident. But rather than feeling terrible on her husband's death she instead starts to feel liberated. So this work shows exactly how a female needs to get out of the male chauvinistic world and needs to develop an identity of her own. And this identity should be separated from the identity of her husband. Another important short story American writer is William Faulkner. We all know the contribution of William Faulkner in the field of English literature is immense. He has received Nobel Prize in 1949 for some of the most amazing novels he has written like As I Lay Dying. But we don't know this fact that this writer has written a collection of short stories which were published. And because of this short story collection he received National Book Award in 1957. And out of these short stories the most famous one is Rose for Emily. This work Rose for Emily I have discussed in detail in my online course. I would just like to give you a glimpse about this story. Rose for Emily is a story about a girl who becomes one of the most interesting female characters in the history of English literature. And this girl's name is Emily Gerson. We cannot end our discussion on American short story writers unless and until we talk about Oh Henry. I am pretty sure that you must have heard the famous short story of Oh Henry during your school days. And the short story's name is Gift of Maggie. It's a very very heart touching story in which we find a devoted husband and a wife. Now they both decide to give each other a Christmas gift. So husband in order to gift her wife beautiful comb actually sells his own watch. On the other hand wife to give her husband a watch chain actually sells her own hair. And at the end they both find that they have given them gift which nobody can use. And this short story is very interesting. At the same time the title is very important. The title talks about a character named Maggie. Maggie was a biblical character who gave a gift to Jesus Christ on his birth. So the title comes from Bible where there's an episode in which Maggie who is a biblical wise man gave a gift to Jesus Christ on the birth of Christ. So with that note I would like to take leave from here. But before you go don't forget to subscribe to the YouTube channel because this Crash Course series is going to run even in the future. So if you want to get notified about our latest videos do subscribe to the channel. Also like and share it with your friends. As far as the YouTube video series is concerned we would be uploading a lot more videos on the important topics of UGC Net. If you have any other topic in mind which you would like me to make a video on you can put that in the comment section below. I would like to tell you one more thing. We are running a very very special Go Net quiz on all our social media platforms. So the link is given in the description box below. Do follow us on the social media platforms so that you get notified about our recent videos about the recent UGC Net update. And also you can find fun facts about me on the social media platform. So that's it for this video lecture. We'll meet soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next. Happy learning. Keep loving literature and stay tuned to ArpataKarwa.com


Hello everyone! We want to say goodbye And today I am here with my wife We actually travel to the other part of Sydney Because we intend to inspect our new built house I don't know how it looks now But we have to explore it And see if it's good Because we have to pay for the second phase of the construction So you understand So we are twice at our place And there are thousands of people Yes, it's me And you? You saw that cat here And I said You, and did you see it?  Why am I crying?  He didn't intend to come with us But I just said No, you'll come And he said So Hey, there's your new house That house So we're lost in Scofield One Huzzard place Very far from the center of the city Probably one of the branches Or a pond We're here I don't know We'll see So there's a museum Because we built the house We found it in a quarter Which Is also built And the streets here According to the map Exists But in reality It doesn't exist So you'll see Nothing But this is Our new built house We can't go Of course But here it is Because you can find me And attack me In the middle of the night So we just traveled Three hours To see that Built house And my hair is fake So Yes, always Thanks for that I like that you're my life To remember me For my fake So yes We spent Three hours to get the house We stayed there Maybe two minutes You'll see It exists And then we went And as always I want to thank My subscribers For the page Donate a dollar a month To get the status Of this channel I have just now Donates Sarah Jo Miguel Bad Tommy Alex Jake Rafa Chuck Craig Marvin The Igor Cuba Jacob Jason Knuckles Shane And Greg


YouTube team.  Anyway YouTube team keep it clean. What's going on the same grave in here with another video and in this video Ravens actually finally Actually have some good news for a change some very positive news some very finally uplifting news because We usually have to be the bearers of bad news It's usually something bad happening usually somebody getting hurt you and of course those Three losses were very bad news too and even some bad news during some of those three wins that we got was the Offense just not being the offense or not being a good offense anyway But we'll save that for a whole nother video for a whole nother day But anyway finally on a positive note on a positive note the Ravens are getting defensive tackle Brandon Williams back He's practicing finally today. He's practicing and with him practicing this early in the week It's a good sign for him to play this Sunday and then Maurice Kennedy too Who is also gonna be practicing today? It's crazy And I know he's on injured reserve right now, but he's designated to return so with him practicing That's a good sign for when he is actually eligible to come back, which I will believe I believe that's in a couple of weeks So this is good man. This is good news. This is really good news really quick Let me introduce myself really fast because it's gonna be a quick video I wasn't even supposed to be out here right now, but I had to come out real quick once I saw that this was this was actually going down But me I'm engraving this. This is of course my YouTube channel engraving vids, and I'm a Ravens fan as if you all didn't know and On here we talk about Ravens all day every day But we also talk about all 32 NFL teams if you're Ravens fan if you're fan of just whoever period make sure you Subscribe to the YouTube channel turn notifications on and leave a like on the video if you haven't done so already But um, yes, thank you Kolepio. I appreciate it. So um with the Ravens um This is good.  That's great for the depth. That's great for um That's just great for the team period him coming back soon, but um Something that I noticed with this year's Ravens, which is like a it's like a bit of sweet kind of thing usually usually the The secondary is a problem Usually the secondary is a problem, but um this year the secondary has actually been pretty good It's been everything else. There's been a problem. Usually we got all these like cornerback issues and stuff and Usually we got a bunch of injuries at the cornerback position and they stay still do but the secondary has been The bright spot on the defense. It's usually it's been really the run defense. That's been the issue But with Brandon Williams coming back That should help that a lot That should help that a lot. What's up Sean ain't seeing a minute man. What's up Bishop? Oh, you hope you don't come back too early Yeah, I hope he not coming back too early, but I mean seeing how they were Seeing how they were on a Sunday. I don't really think it's too early So that I don't think that's an issue at all Because he him coming back it can't be too early Yeah, I mean he coming back right on time man We miss him obviously and like always it was up DJ like always say With Brandon Williams or not that I always say because this is the first time that it happened, but With him missing I felt like I was like, okay. Yeah, they'll be fine. They'll be alright It ain't gonna be no big deal Ravens got so much depth on the D line at the tackle or whatever They'll be fine. So they ain't gonna be no like big issue anything like that I mean Brandon Williams is a beast, but I was like, yeah, they're gonna miss him, but they're gonna be fine They're gonna be fine because they got so many quality guys along the D line which they do but Which they do but Brandon Williams missing obviously turned out to be a big deal now Michael Pierce has been doing this thing But he can't do a sting alone Everybody else has been pretty inconsistent But Brandon Williams coming back that'll be a big help man That'll be a big help and that'll take a lot of pressure off of the other defensive linemen because you know They got to step up in his absence that'll take a lot of pressure off of Michael Pierce Carl Davis Willie Henry just all of them and with with it taking pressure off of them That'll allow them to play better allow them to play a little more free Allow them to just be be better. So Brandon Williams coming back is huge and Maurice Kennedy. What's up? Catril and Maurice Kennedy coming back to That's that's big too, but like I said the secondary secondary is usually what's up flex all the way from Jersey. What's up? Young tatted. Oh My boy Anthony 410 you say the chip. I mean the I said the chip the chat he said the chat is lit I put two words together. I always be doing that man Williams is a big guy depending upon what kind of injury has to he has to his foot. Hope it does Oh, yeah, you're right man. You're right because if he comes back too early and he does re-injure himself That'll just make things worse for us. It'll be better for him to just to wait it out Instead of coming back too early and then being out for the season or whatever But yeah, he is worth every penny the run defense. They showed that they definitely showed that That big 56 million dollar 5950 have a much million million dollars. It was he was definitely worth it Contrary I don't think hardball job is in jeopardy because too many our players for him to be judged this year What about last year? Last year wasn't I mean they had they had them or whatever it wasn't like this year But last year they had something too, but it wasn't nothing like this year, but still last year There was no excuse last year. There was no excuse. So yeah, I see gotta be held accountable too We're gonna talk about that later though later on I want to talk about that and talk about Ozzie Newsom and hardball Just the whole just everybody from top to bottom So yeah, man, we're gonna talk about that later on today I hope I plan on talking about that later on today If I forget if y'all don't see me streaming about it after six It's not gonna be doing while I'm at work cuz it'll take too long But yeah, we're gonna talk about that and y'all hit me up on Twitter and snapchat on Instagram and send me a message Reminded me just in case I forget or something. So in the Instagram and Twitter snapchat is all engraving fears But yeah, I just had to let y'all know that because I think this is a that's pretty good news, right? that's pretty good news because Brandon Williams coming back is big man. It's big.  Well, I don't know I don't want to say that too much. I mean Laderious will been alright He's been good against he's been good blitz and he's been a he's been tackling pretty well the past two years, man Before tackling was not Laderious web thing, but over the past two years He's been tackling a lot better than he used to a lot better So that's been a good thing but in a lot of clutch situations. He just ain't been too good in the slot man I mean it's He's he's decent, but he just Especially last week on that play man. That was a tough one to watch that hurt That like cuz act that game already mess with it mess with my entire emotions it mess with my soul But on that play where he just he got lost He got caught on and it was bad, but anyway So, yeah, I just just had to let y'all know man. So that's that man. That's that Oh, I wish I could stay in here forever, man I wish this could be like a full-time job or something like that And I had to go back into this place. Anyway, appreciate y'all man. Yes, we do need a Even with these dudes coming back it does does not help the offense at all. So, um Still need some stuff for him, but yeah, we're gonna talk about that later Like I said, if I forget remind me man, just hit me up on snapchat to the Instagram Everything is engraving viz. I appreciate y'all make sure you leave a like on the video if you haven't already Man, I only planned on being out here for like three minutes end up being eight But it's all good man. Appreciate y'all man. I'm gone. Bye