Your Excellencies Distinguished delegates ladies and gentlemen welcome to the 67th IAEA channel conference May I please ask you to return to your seats as we are about to start shortly Please return to your seats. Thank you very much and wishing you all a successful week here. Thank you Ladies and gentlemen may I please ask you to take your seats We are about to start now Please return to your seats Thank you Good morning ladies and gentlemen. May we kindly ask everyone to take your respective seats so we can start with the proceedings of the general conference. Thank you very much Distinguished delegates good morning. We are going to start please distinguished delegates Good morning and welcome We are going to start now Thank you very much for taking your seats, so we can Start the general conference Thank you very much distinguished delegates. Good morning. I wish to welcome all of you to the first plenary meeting of the 67th regular session of the general conference I wish to inform delegates that in accordance with rule 33 of the rules of procedure of the general conference and In the absence of the delegate of Italy whose delegation presided over the conference last year I as director general shall preside until the general conference has elected a president for the session I I Take this opportunity on behalf of all delegations to express my sincere appreciation to his Excellency ambassador Alessandro Cortese of Italy for the skillful and professional manner in which He presided over last year's session. We wish him all the best in his future endeavors Dear colleagues and the rule 48 of the rules of procedure I now invite the conference to Observe a minute of silence dedicated to prayer and Meditation, please. Thank you very much very good Thank you May we now pass on to our first order of business Which is indeed the election of officers and the appointment of the general committee and I invite a nomination for the office of the president of the general conference during 67th regular session as all of you know, it is the turn of the Southeast Asia and The Pacific group to provides to provide this year's president and I now Give the floor to the distinguished resident representative of Australia In his capacity as chair of the Southeast Asia and the Pacific group You may address us from your seat ambassador. You have a floor. Thank you director general On behalf of the Southeast Asia and the Pacific group I have the pleasure to inform you that the group wishes to nominate Ex-NC dr. Villawan man cut and I call Ambassador of the Kingdom of Thailand To be president of the 67th general conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency Thank you director general. Thank you very much ambassador I thank you for this nomination On behalf of your group. There being no other nominations I then Propose that her excellency miss villa one my letter knuckle Ambassador and resident representative of Thailand be elected by acclamation President of the general conference during the 67th regular sec session. It is so decided Her excellency miss villa one my knuckle is thus elected president of the conference by acclamation On behalf of all delegates and on my own behalf. I would like to offer Her our warm congratulations and also our good wishes for a successful conference And I invite her to take the chair and in doing so appeal to all Delegates in the interest of saving time and in accordance with the decision taken by the conference several years ago and Successfully implemented since then to reserve their congratulatory statements to her until they make their general debate statements Excellencies director general Rafael Mariano crossy Disinquished delegates Ladies and gentlemen First and foremost it is my profound gratitude and great honor For the trust places in me to serve as a president of the 67 regular sessions of the general conference. I Take great pride in being only the sixth woman of To have been elected to this esteem position since the establishment of the agency in 1957 In this privilege role, I am fully committed to leading our proceedings and deliberations with your support and Cooperation to a successful conclusion of the general conference. I Wish to express My special gratitude to all the members of the Southeast Asia and the Pacific group In particular to Australia as its chair for their nomination as well as support and encouragement My deep appreciation also extends to his Excellency Alessandro Cortese of Italy for his able stewardship during the past year conference both at the regular and special sessions. I Take this opportunity to commend director general Rafael Mariano crossy for his exceptional Leadership and unwavering commitment to steering the works of the agency. I Must also comment the entire staff of the agency for their variable works and continued support Distinguished delegates the IAEA's holds a pivotal role in Accelerating and enlarging the contributions of atomic energy to peace health and prosperity throughout the world as in China in its statute Over its 67 years of service the agency has achieved remarkable success From fostering cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy to ensuring nuclear safety security and safeguards While upholding the norms against nuclear proliferation The agency continued to be an impetus for the promotion of collaboration diplomacy and innovation to secure a safer and more sustainable future for all While celebrating the agency achievement for the past 67 years It is essential to remember that the future of the agency being a member states driven organization rest in your hands It is our response chair responsibility to ensure that the agency progress effectively and remains responsive to emerging needs and challenges We must strive to ensure that the agency motor Atoms for peace and development remains relevant and that's the benefits from the peaceful uses of nuclear energies along lasting This thing wish delegates it is the very purpose of our work gathering this week To deliberate on the future direction of the agency Before us lies numerous issues that await our consideration Some will address the routine operation of the agency for the coming year Some will aim to enhance the techno technical aspect of its work and Others will reflect on the situations that are critical to the agency We will hear views those that are common and those that differ But I do not see this as Opticals I see them as an ample opportunity to make use of our Vienna spirit and to work our diplomacy towards reaching balance and consensual outcomes The week ahead of us will not be easy as a president I pledge to serve the general conference with transparency accountability and inclusivity I will do my utmost To the best of my abilities to address your questions and concerns At the same time it is my fervent hope and humble call to all of you to adopt a Consensual consent a constructive approach and engage in meaningful dialogues These I believe is the path that will lead us to productive results and the timely conclusion of the general conference Lastly, I look forward to working closely with you and To the success outcome of this general conference. Thank you very much Disengaged delegates. I now Suggest that we continue with the election of officers and the appointment of the general committee Under rules 34 and 40 of the rule of procedure The conference has to elect the duration for the duration of the present session eight White president the chair of the committee of the whole and six additional of the general committee Resulting in a committee of 15 members with me as its chairman chairperson However, I understand that this year the general committee will be composed of 16 members consisting of eight white presidents the chairman of the committee of the whole and six additional members So that the area of Southeast Asia and the Pacific in addition to providing the president of the conference Can also have whites president This will involve Suspensions of rules 34 and 40 of the rules of procedure of the general conference And I am advised that this has been done in comparable situations in the parts. I See no objection to that. It is so decided. I Understand that the group area groups has provided their candidates with the exception of the Mesa group for the election of For the position of the white's president I choose therefore like to submit your for your consideration and approval The following proposal which I have already received. I will then address the issue of the pending candidates As the seven vice presidents, I should like to propose the delegates of the following members I will read the names in the English alphabetical order as I have been informed Australia China Colombia France Kenya Russia Federation United States of America As chair persons of the committee of the whole I propose Mr. Vilmos Chiaveni Minister Permanent Mission of Hungary as and as the six additional members of the general committee The delegates of the following member states and again I shall read the names in English alphabetical orders as I have been informed Canada Denmark Honduras Poland Sudan United Arab Emirates. I assume that my proposals are acceptable and Accordingly, I take it that the chairperson of the committee of the whole and the delegates of the member states whose name I have read Out are Julie elected the seven of eight white presidents and the six additional members of the general committee It's all decided now With regards to the nominations of a white president from the Mesa group I have been informed by the chair of the group that it has received One candidature for the position of white president of the conference However, the group was not in a position to make an agreed recommendation on this to this Candidature So may I ask the chair of the Mesa group if he could provide any update on the matter? Thank you, madam president As you have rightly stated Consensus has eluded the group in so far as its efforts to make an agreed recommendation On the one candidature for the position of vice president from the group for which there is only one candidate I thank you madam president I thank the distinguished delegates of India for his update. Are there any speakers on these matters? All comments and views will be expressed in the official records of the meeting. I Understand yes German please I Any other speaker? So if there is no more speakers on this, may I take it that the conference agree that Yemen will be in the positions of one white president of the conference. Dissinquist delegates, I accordingly declare the chairman of the committee of the whole and the delegates of the member states whose name I have read out duly elected at the state white president and the six additional members of the conference, of the general committee. It's all decided. All of them will hold office until the close of the conference current session. On your behalf and on my own behalf, I would like to offer them my warmest congratulations. I look forward to working closely with them with a will to ensuring a successful conference this week. I shall be requesting the white president to take the chair from time to time and I hope that they will make themselves available when called upon to do so. I further declare the general committee duly appointed. I propose to holding the first meeting of the general committee today in the afternoon at 2 p.m. This will take place in meeting room 4, the 7-4 C building of the VIC. So further, I would like to seek your concurrent that we deal with the items of the provisional agenda in the morning. As contained in document GC67-1, in the following order pending receipt of the general committee's recommendations on our provisional agenda. Item 3, message from the secretary general of the United States, United Nations. Item 4, statement by the director general. And item 6, approval of the appointment of the director general. And I propose that we take up item 7, contributions to the technical cooperation fund for 2024. And item 8, general debate and annual report for 2022. Therefore, I propose to suspend rules 42 of the rule of procedures of the general conference. This is consistent with past practice failure to proceed in this way may consider we delay the start of the general debate in which several ministers are scheduled to speak today. So may I take it that the conference accept my proposal to suspend rules 42 and proceed with consideration of the items as envisaged in the provisional agenda. Any comment? It's so decided. Distinguished delegates, let's now move on to item 3. I have the great pleasure for inviting Ms. Gada Fatiwali, director general of the United Nations office at Vienna, to deliver a message to the general conference from the secretary general of the United Nations. I greet the floor to Ms. Gada Fatiwali and invite her to address the conference from the lectern. Good morning, everyone. Director general Grossi, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, I'm honored to be with you today to read out the message of the secretary general of the United Nations, Mr. Antonio Guterres, to this conference. It is a pleasure to send greetings to everyone participating in the general conference of the international atomic energy agency. In these times of turmoil and tension, the IAEA's role as a bulwark against nuclear proliferation and the driver of international cooperation for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy is more critical than ever before. In Ukraine, the war continues to pause grave risk to the safety and security of the Zaporizhia nuclear power plant. I fully support the IAEA's five principles for protecting the Zaporizhia plant, and I applaud the courageous service of IAEA personnel stationed at the plant. The United Nations will continue to do all it can to ensure the safe rotation of experts operating there and at other nuclear facilities in Ukraine. In Iran, the IAEA continues its essential role in impartially and expertly monitoring the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, while seeking sustainable solutions to the outstanding issues regarding Iran's nuclear program. The JCPOA remains vital to the global nuclear non-proliferation architecture and to regional and international security. Across the world, the IAEA's technical cooperation program supports over 140 member states demonstrating how nuclear science and technology can improve lives and catalyze progress on the sustainable development goals. The IAEA is an indispensable partner in our collective efforts to secure a better future for all from fighting diseases and improving food, water and energy security to mitigating and adapting to climate change and preventing the next pandemic. I look forward to deepening our cooperation on all these fronts and I wish you a successful general conference. Thank you. I thank Ms. Galafati Wali for her presence with us and on behalf of the General Conference, I would like to ask her to convey to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Antonio Gutárez, our appreciation for his message. Distinguished delegates, we now come to item four and I have great pleasure in inviting the Director-General, Mr. Rafael Mariano-Gossi, to make his statement to the General Conference. Good morning, Egan, and it is a real pleasure and I'm present to have you and congratulations on assuming this very important office on our behalf. Let me begin by welcoming the Gambia and Cabo Berde as new member states of the IAEA since our last General Conference. This brings our membership to 177 member states. I want to start by referring to important events that have been occupying our work for the last year, but before saying that I want to say that in doing so, we have to be reminded of the fact that four years ago when I started my first term as Director-General, I don't think that any of us imagined that a few months down the line we would be dealing with a pandemic, the global magnitude of which the world had not experienced for a century. And if that were not enough, we are now faced with a war in Europe in which for the first time the safety, thank you, and the security of a major nuclear power program are under serious threat. These two events are tragic in and on themselves, but they also make it more difficult and urgent to tackle the ever more present calamity of climate change and the very serious challenges of poverty, disease, hunger and food, water and energy insecurity. I feel humbled and privileged to lead this institution with such a unique mandate. 70 years after the United States President, Dwight Eisenhower gave his famous speech to the United Nations General Assembly, his Atoms for Peace, as you may remember vision, has become an important active part of our contribution towards international peace and security and furthering sustainable development. The IAEA is the operational instrument of this noble cause. When I started as Director General, I was convinced of the formidable potential of this institution as an instrument for peace, stability and progress and the delivery of a program since then it is the most obvious illustration of the approach I have taken. We may begin with our work assisting member states in tackling a growing crisis that has gone under the radar for too long, the global cancer crisis. My first year as DG, 10 million people died of cancer and there were 19 million new cases. By 2040 the number of new cases will jump to 30 million. Businesses usual continues far too many people will die of cancer in the coming decades because the burden of this crisis is falling disproportionately on those who have less, low and middle income countries. Over 70% of Africans do not have any access to radiotherapy. More than 20 countries on that continent don't have a single simple radiotherapy machine. This is why we launch Raise of Hope, Cancer Care for All at last year's African Union Summit with the support of African heads of state and the World Health Organization. The initiative brings together all stakeholders including member states, development banks and the private sector to redress this situation. 67 member states have already requested to be assisted by Raise of Hope. So far we have started with seven African countries and we are moving on. In the coming months, Raise of Hope will begin to apply funds for activities in Latin America and Caribbean states. And since this program was started, I have to say that we have been able to gather more than 42 million euros for this cost which I should remind did not exist in the agenda of the IAEA until just a few years ago. So we are very proud of that, but we have to do more. We were also referring to the pandemic and COVID-19 also brought home the message and the idea and the urgency to do something in applying nuclear techniques in order to mitigate this crisis. This is why we launch Zodiac, the Zoonotic Disease Integrated Action, which is strengthening member states preparedness and ability to quickly respond to zoonotic diseases and to do that we work together with WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO and the World Organization for Animal Health. Almost 100 countries have already received training in this regard. The environment is another area where nuclear techniques and applications have a very important role to play. And this is why we launch Nutech Plastics, which increases member states' capacity to use nuclear isotopic techniques to study microplastics in the ocean. At our marine environment laboratories in Monaco, scientists are honing powerful and accurate nuclear scientific tools to better understand the impact of such nanomaterials along the marine food chain and all the way to our dinner place. At the 2023 UN Water Conference in New York earlier this year, we launch the Global Water Analysis Laboratory Network, GLOWAL, which is helping member states address water scarcity, quality, water quality, hydrological extremes, challenges being accelerated, all of them by climate change. I also refer to our collaboration with FAO, with whom we have a unique joint center. We are preparing with them both initiatives to better access to nutritious foods and food security to be addressed effectively. And as I said, very soon we will be making important announcements in this regard. Our technical cooperation program thus moves on successfully. As requested by the General Conference last year, I plan to organize the IAEA Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Science, Technology and Applications and the Technical Cooperation Program next year. And I am happy to announce that the Minister of Environment, Science, Technology and Innovation of Ghana, Dr. Kwaku Afriye and Mr. Kai Mikhanen, Minister for Climate and the Environment of Finland, Ghana and Finland will be presiding this important conference. When I started in 2019, as I was saying, one of my first trips abroad was to that year's Convention on Climate Change Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Climate Change, the famous COP. And since then, we have been attending this conference, continuing in Glasgow, then on in Sharmer Shake, and then this year to the COP 28 meeting in the United Arab Emirates, where a nuclear pavilion has been set up and we will be working with member states and participants in that conference who are users of nuclear energy to underscore the role of nuclear energy in this regard. This was evident last year in Washington at our International Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Power in the 21st century, where many countries, confirmed users and newcomers participated, confirming this will to also benefit from the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Ladies and gentlemen, until the past few years, we have not been vocal enough about the benefits of nuclear power, but that page has been turned. Even as public opinion polls around the world show the tide turning in favor of nuclear energy, countries still need to engage stakeholders openly and proactively in their nuclear power programs. Concerted effort and action are warranted at an international scale and therefore this spring there will be a summit on nuclear energy. Next spring. So both decisions are required and then we will be working together to support the work there, more than 400 nuclear reactors being in operation. Some 10 percent of the installed capacity and more to come and helping countries exceed to new avenues in nuclear like small and modular reactors. Further down the line, nuclear fusion promises the possibility of abundant energy. Four years ago, IEA activities on fusion were exclusively focused on science. Today, we have expanded our efforts aiming also to accelerate development and deployment of fusion energy systems. We have come a long way and I invite you to take stock of this progress next month in London at our bi-annual fusion energy conference where we'll be launching a new publication, the IEA World Fusion Outlook, to update people and communities all over the world as to the developments on this exciting area of knowledge. Climate change requires us to take long-term responsibility for the well-being of our planet and of its people. The nuclear field with the IEA at its center takes its long-term responsibility very serious whether in finding solutions to safely storing waste, designing the commissioning into nuclear power plants that will serve us for the good part of the century or by having an ever-learning mindset when it comes to building a culture of nuclear safety and security that spans the globe. Nuclear energy is safer than it has ever been and it's safer than almost any other source of energy. This is in large part because of the field's commitment and the role of the IEA. This year is the 65th anniversary of the IAEA safety standards. Today, the IEA is using those standards, its statutory mandate, its scientific knowledge and its global reach actively to help protect the environment from the consequences of a nuclear accident. And this is exactly what we are doing in Japan where last month the control discharge of water started and the IAEA is performing an independent monitoring, sampling and evaluation of the situation there. To do that, the IEA has set up a permanent office at the Fukushima Daiichi plant. And we will continue, as I said, until the last drop for decades, I say decades to come to make sure that no harm will come out of this important operation. I alluded, dear colleagues, to the war in Ukraine at the very start of my remarks. When we met a year ago, I reported to you that the IAEA had just established an ongoing presence at the Zaporizhia nuclear power plant. The Secretary General and the message delivered by my dear friend, Gara, refer to that, thank you very much. We continue, we are not going anywhere, we will continue there. Fifty-three missions comprising a total of more than a hundred agency staff have been deployed as part of the continued presence at all five nuclear sites in Ukraine. In the past year, ten rotations of IEA safety experts have crossed the front lines of war to access the plant. And we continue our work there, as you can see through our almost daily updates of the situation at the plant, which remains very, very fragile. Nuclear security, dear friends, is an important domain where the IEA has responded to member states' wishes for more support and increasingly sophisticated training. And I'm delighted to announce that the construction of the IEA nuclear security training and demonstration center at the laboratory in Cybersurf is complete. It's the first international center of excellence on nuclear security that is completed and will allow member states to benefit from training, capacity building and collaboration like never before. Madam President, since I assumed this office in 2019, I have been committed to strengthening the legal framework as well on which the continued verification of the peaceful use of nuclear material relies. I am pleased, therefore, to report that over the course of my first term, the number of states with safeguard agreements in force increased from 100, sorry, and 84 to 190 states today. And those with additional protocols increased from 136 to 141. Rescending the small quantities protocol continues to be very important. As you know, this is a measure that allows countries that have very small amounts of nuclear material to not have a full inspection ability. I think it is important that we are all up to date in this regard. And we will continue with this effort. Madam President, in relation to the IEA verification activities in the Islamic Republic of Iran, during my tenure, I have continued to report to the body governors and both Iran's NPT safeguards agreement and verification and monitoring undertaken in the light of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231. With regard to the NPT safeguards agreements, I must reiterate that significant safeguards issues remain outstanding after a number of years. I also cannot but recognize that implementation, the activities set out in the most recent joint statement between myself and Iran in March this year, has not made the progress I was hoping for. On this and on matters related to the de facto suspended implementation of the JCPOA, the IEA and I personally remain actively engaged and ready to work with Iran. Only full cooperation by Iran and tangible results will take us to the credible assurances that Iran's nuclear program is exclusively peaceful. The IEA continues to monitor the DPRK nuclear program. We have observed activities at several sites consistent with the DPRK's continuation of its illegal nuclear program, which is in clear violation of relevant UN Security Council resolutions. We will continue updating and hoping to engage again with the DPRK. Madam President, the nuclear field can only be as good as the people within it. The invisible barriers to women's participation are real and they are hurting as all, especially at a time when the sector faces shortages of skilled professionals, from welders to scientists. Our Marie Sklodowska Curie Fellowship Program continues to grow. We have covered more than 500 women on a program again that three years ago did not exist. We must do more. We will do more. As a natural follow-up to the Marie Sklodowska Curie Program, I launched the Lisa Meitner Initiative early this year. This new endeavor named after the important Austrian-Swedish physicist who discovered fission and whose name now also proudly designates our library, by the way, aims to level the playing field by giving women already in the nuclear field opportunities that will support their advancement. Maximizing the IEA talent pool and creating the conditions for gender equality are important priorities. At the start of my tenure as DG, below 30%. Now 43% and counting. The 2024-2025 agencies program and budget strikes a balance that considers the financial constraints faced by member states and the demands on the agencies' services. We're still facing delays in payments by some member states and I urge us all to pay in full and on time. Otherwise, all of these things are simply impossible. Each year, dear friends, this gathering gives me a chance to meet with you, to listen to you and to offer you ways to support our mandate and the mission of Atoms for Peace and Disarmament. I would like to thank you for your collaboration and express my gratitude, as always, to our model host country, the Republic of Austria, for doing everything possible to enable our work. And I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to the Principality of Monaco for its steadfast support over the past 25 years of the agency and our unique marine environment laboratories. Finally, I would like to commend the agency staff for their unwavering commitment to supporting our member states. Dear friends, 70 years ago, after the famous speech I mentioned in the beginning that helped found the IEA, the dream of Atoms for Peace now Atoms for Peace and Development lives on. Make it a reality is up to all of us. Thank you very much. Yes, I would like to thank the Director General for his statement. He has not only dealt with the specific agenda items for this session, but also provided with a very interesting overview of the main issues and challenges ahead for the agency. I am sure that his views will receive careful consideration by member states. So let us now turn to agenda item 6, approval of the appointment of the Director General. Pursuant to Article 7A of the statute, the Board of Governors in March this year decided to appoint Mr. Raphael Mariano Rossi to serve as Director General of the agency for a term of four years from 3rd December 2023 to 2nd December 2027 and request the General Conference to approve the appointment by adopting the draft resolution contained in document GC67-8. I suppose you have all those resolutions with you. May I take it that the General Conference wish to adopt draft resolution contained in document of GC67-8 and approve the appointment of Mr. Rossi to the post of Director General by acclimation, so he's decided. Mr. Rossi, it is a great pleasure to me to inform you that the conference has approved your appointment as Director General for another four years. I am delighted to be the first to congratulate you on behalf of the General Conference and to wish you a very successful tenure. May I now ask you to take the oath of office? Thank you, Madam President. I solemnly swear to exercise in all loyalty, discretion and conscience the functions entrusted to me as Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency and to discharge these functions and to regulate my conduct with the interest of the agency only in view and not to seek or accept instructions in regard to the performance of my duties from any government or other authority external to the agency. Madam President, thank you very much and dear colleagues and friends. You just heard from me my substantive statement for today. So I will not repeat the things that I said there which in a certain sense resume what we have been trying to do.  Today my sense of duty, my sense of responsibility, moral, ethical and professional is even stronger than four years ago to lead this agency, an agency that does not wait to be called to help when help is needed. An agency that is inclusive, an agency that is there acting instead of reacting and do it with the same emotion, enthusiasm and passion that I have been putting to this work over the past four years. Thank you for your trust and confidence. Every day I will strive to honor it. Thank you very much. I thank the Director-General of his statement, distinguished delegates. In view of the fact that this morning's meeting is already well advanced and I would like the conference to get well underway with the general debate before we break for lunch. I would appeal to delegates in the interest of saving time to reserve their congratulatory statements to the Director-General until they make their general debate statements. However, I understand that some regional groups has request to make brief congratulatory statements to the Director-General. Accordingly, I give the floor to distinguished delegates from Pakistan on behalf of G77 and China. You have the floor. Madam President, good morning. The group of 77 in China would like, in the first place, to especially congratulate you, Madam President, for assuming the presidency of the General Conference for the year and express our support to your mandate. Our congratulations go also to the Vice-President, to the members of the General Committee, to the Chair of the Committee of the Whole, Mr. Vilmos, and the Vice-Chairs. Please count on our full support. We also thank the Secretary for the preparations of the General Conference. The group of 77 in China takes this opportunity to congratulate Mr. Rafael Mariano Grosy, a national member state of the group, on his approval by the General Conference for a second term. The group recommends Mr. Grosy for his valuable work as the head of the Agency. In particular, in the promotion of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, the group looks forward to the enhancement of the Agency's activities in this field, including in the achievement of the sustainable development goals. The 77 in China acknowledges the impartial, effective, and professional manner with which Mr. Grosy has discharged his sponsor.


The people united will never be defeated. The people united will never be defeated. Our present is your future and that is why not only global leaders but also youth citizens sitting here change starts with you. And that is why we are keeping it in the ground. Join the fight.  Justice! We want justice! We are here today to make our demand straight that you all have something that will be better for us. We are the local community. For the realities of our people, we are the most built in the covered text. Our future is dependent on it. We are calling for it now. What do you want? Polluted Towns. What do you want? Polluted Virgin People. To support your town, it's going to be fueling climate change and human rights abuse in Africa. Support us. Justice! We are here today to make our demand straight. We are the local community. We are the local community.


Bring you Our Miss Brooks starring Eve Arden. Another comedy episode of Our Miss Brooks written and directed by Al Lewis. Many teachers returning from their vacations, well tanned and rested, are looking forward to resuming their duties tomorrow morning. But Our Miss Brooks, who spent most of her vacation time teaching English at Madison High Summer School, doesn't share their enthusiasm for getting back into harness. No, I've been wearing the thing so long I'm saddlesore. Of course when summer school ended in August, I did make up my mind to get a complete change of scenery. So I took the money I received, added it to my savings from the regular school term, and by careful budgeting was able to spend three glorious weeks in the furnished room I rent all year round. But last Thursday morning at breakfast, my landlady Mrs. Davis and I were discussing my plans for a Friday picnic. But why must the picnic be tomorrow, Connie? Why not Saturday or Sunday? Because, Mrs. Davis, tomorrow is the last weekday I'll have off until Thanksgiving. And if our beloved principal could get away with it, he'd change that to a Sunday. Oh, Mr. Conklin isn't bad, bad, Connie. He likes a good time as well as the next fellow. He likes a good time better than the next fellow. But if the next fellow happens to be a teacher, Mr. Conklin will stop having a good time to give the teacher who's having a good time a bad time. From the song by Rudy Valley. Oh, is Mr. Boynton taking you to the picnic, Connie? Yes, Mrs. Davis. I accepted my invitation on the phone last night. It'll be good to see Madison's bashful biologist again. He just got back from a three-week vacation, you know. Who will all this going on this picnic, Connie? Harriet Conklin and Walter Denton all. It was really Walter's idea. The poor kid can't spend any time with Harriet without Mr. Conklin constantly barking at him. Mr. Conklin isn't very fond of Walter, is he? Oh, it's not that Mr. Conklin isn't fond of Walter. He hates him. But it ought to be a nice outing for all of us. Oh, that's the door, isn't it? No, that's the bell. The door makes more of a creaking sound. Well, I'll answer it. I need the exercise. If you want me, I'll be in the backyard, Connie. I've got to prune the big tree. Why, it's Mr. Boynton. Come in. Good morning, Miss Brooks. I brought this basket over for the picnic tomorrow. Do you think it's big enough for us? I don't know, but it might be fun trying it on. Oh, you mean for sandwiches? Well, it seems sort of small, but the basket can wait. I want to know all about your vacation. Where you went, what you did. Well, I just went up to Eagle Springs, had a beautiful cabin, did a little fishing, played some golf and tennis. I did a little rowing, too. And at night they had a campfire when we broiled our barbecued steaks. And after that, there was usually a movie or some entertainment at the casino. That's all there was to it. You should have asked for your money back. Did you do any dancing at the casino, Mr. Boynton? Dancing? Yes, I did dance a little. With whom? I didn't dance with anyone, just by myself. You know, I'd get off in a... I'd get off in a dark corner of the casino and sort of waltz around in time to the music. It's nice that way. You get bored, you can always cut in on yourself. Tell me, how was your trip back to town? Oh, very pleasant, although the train was quite crowded. Guess who came into town on the same train with me? Who? I'll take a guess. Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy? No. Charlie McCarthy alone? No, Miss Brooks. No, it was Wallace T. Hewitt. It was? Yes, ma'am. Wallace T. Hewitt himself? That's right. Gosh! Who's Wallace T. Hewitt? I'm surprised at you, Miss Brooks. I thought every teacher knew the chairman of the state board of education. Oh, it was that Wallace T. Hewitt. Did you ask him for a raise, Mr. Boynton? I know you're joking, Miss Brooks. I didn't speak to Mr. Hewitt at all. As soon as we landed in the depot, he was surrounded by reporters. Well, he's a power in educational circles in this state. It was all like a duty to get a glimpse of him. What does he look like?  Good-looking boy. And although he's very stout, he moves along rather briskly, like a penguin. I wonder what he's doing in town. Maybe shopping around for a new tuxedo. But let's not talk about the board of education, Mr. Boynton. Time enough for that when school opens next Monday. You're right, Miss Brooks. You haven't had a real vacation this summer. This picnic tomorrow ought to be... Oh, it's the phone. Excuse me, Mr. Boynton. Hello? Hello, Miss Brooks. This is Mr. Conklin. Oh, how are you, Mr. Conklin? You shall have to dispense with the amenities, Miss Brooks. I'm calling to inform you that Madison High School will open tomorrow morning at the usual time. Tomorrow? But school doesn't start till Monday. I said, Miss Brooks, that our school opens tomorrow. But Mr. Conklin, Monday is September 12th. All schools open on the 12th. I'm beginning to feel as if I were talking into a thermos bottle. Miss Brooks. Just a short time ago, I received a telephone call from Mr. Wallace T. Hewitt, Chairman of the State Board of Education. Although I've never met Mr. Hewitt, he notified me of his intention to visit my office in the morning. Naturally, I expect a 100% turnout from faculty and student body alike to help me welcome this most distinguished visitor. But, Mr. Conklin, we've got a picnic planned for tomorrow. In a few minutes, Walter Denton's going to take me shopping. Walter Denton? Please, Miss Brooks, I've asked you before, and I beseech you again. Don't mention that name so soon after breakfast. What my daughter sees in that lame brain dunce is more than I can... Until tomorrow morning, Miss Brooks, it's au revoir. Au revoir to you, Mr. Conklin. Well, there goes our picnic, Mr. Boynton. Where? Down the drain, I'm afraid. Your precious Mr. Hewitt has decided to honor our fair school with a visit tomorrow morning. So Mr. Conklin's ordered us all back to greet him. Tomorrow? But school doesn't open officially until Monday. Believe me, Mr. Boynton, I delivered that message with all the feeling my parched little throat could muster. But the answer's the same. It's the best deal at dawn. Well, it can't be Walter Denton. Why not? Hiya, Miss Brooks. I just saw Mr. Boynton on the corner. I know, he just left. Walter, I've got some sterling news for you. Your news will have to wait, Miss Brooks. I've got the bulletin' of all time. Oh, you have. Sure. Listen to this. You know how Mr. Conklin hates me. Well, I wouldn't call him a fan, Walter. Yeah, I know. But even so, when he hears about anybody having a good time, even me, he sometimes tries to muscle in. So I thought of a way to keep him from ruining our picnic tomorrow if he decides to horn in at the last minute. But Walter, about tomorrow... Please, Miss Brooks, let me finish. About an hour ago, I called old Marblehead on the phone at, I mean, Mr. Conklin. And I put a handkerchief over the mouthpiece and disguised my voice. Oh, you should have been there, Miss Brooks. It was a riot. What did you say, Walter?  I said, hello, Conklin. And he said, yes, this is how it's good, Conklin. Who is this?  Well, let's not make it such a slow death. Who did you say it was? I said, Conklin, this is Wallace T. Hewitt. Wallace T. Oh, no! Yeah, and then I said, I'm inspecting some of the schools in this area, and I'll expect to see you in your office at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. And then while he was falling all over himself, it'd be nice to me, huh? River is at a rib. That, Walter, is the greatest rib that's been pulled since Adam was a bachelor. Starring Eve Arden will continue in just a moment, but first here is Vern Smith. 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As always, Colgate's cleans your breath while it cleans your teeth. The Colgate's now at your dealers is the same formula used in the tests. Always use Colgate dental cream right after eating to help prevent new cavities. Help stop tooth decay before it starts. Well, I spent most of Thursday night trying to figure how to keep Walter Denton from being expelled and still go on our picnic Friday instead of waiting around school for a Mr. Hewitt who would never arrive. About four in the morning an idea was born and a thoroughbred infant it was out of desperation by panic. A half hour before school was due to convene, found me heading for Marty's malt shop, a student hangout across the street from Madison. As I entered, I noticed stretch snotgrass known to his chums as athlete's foot of the brain seated at the table by himself. Good morning, Stretch. Am I intruding? Well, no, Miss Brooks. You don't look no different to me than you always do. I think. Mind if I sit down and have a cup of coffee? Not at all. Here, I'll take this off the seat for you. It's my football. Yes, I know. That's the only thing you've passed all year. But, Stretch, there's something you've just got to understand. Yeah, there must be something. Now I'm not so sure. But it seems that a very dear mutual friend of ours engineered a rather foolish prank yesterday. And if the facts ever leak out, he'll be expelled from Madison. You and I, Stretch, hold his scholastic future in our hands. Now, how good are you at keeping a secret? Well, I'm very good, Miss Brooks. Like yesterday when my pal Walter then imitated Mr. Hewitt's voice on the phone and told old Marble had the... Oh, Mr. Conklin, he better hightail it over to school today. After Walter done it, he made me promise to keep it a secret. So that's why I won't tell nobody. Not a word of it. Not a word of what, Stretch? Well, pal Walter told... Oh, no, you don't. You can't trick me into spilling anything. You couldn't beat it out of me with a rubber hose. Stout fellow. But, Stretch, the entire faculty and student body have to be in school this morning only because Walter imitated Mr. Hewitt's voice on the phone and told old Marble had... Uh, Mr. Conklin... to hightail it over to school today. Gosh, how did you know that, Miss Brooks? There must have been a leak. But I've got an idea that can get us all out of here. Now, will you help me, Stretch? Sure, Miss Brooks. What can I do? Well, you can see to it that Mr. Hewitt arrives nice and early so we can all leave the same way. But I don't know Mr. Hewitt. And Mr. Conklin doesn't either. Now, listen closely, Stretch. You know the little park right across from the school library? Library? Where all the books are kept. Books? It's on the way to the football field. Oh, that little park.  Old what? Delirics. You know, bum, sorta. Oh, now we're getting somewhere. Stretch, I want you to get one of those men and bring him to me.  Mr. Conklin might have seen a picture of Mr. Hewitt somewhere. Well, that shouldn't be too tough. A lot of them look like that. But Miss Brooks, supposedly don't want to come. He's got to come. Tell him he'll be helping Miss Brooks. Tell him anything, but bring him directly to me. Well, I don't get him, Miss Brooks. A quiet stretch, Harriet Conklin's coming over. Now, whatever you do, don't mention a word of this. Good morning, Miss Brooks.  How are you, Harriet? Oh, I feel wonderful, Miss Brooks. Hiya, Stretch. What do you know? You couldn't beat it out of me with a rubber hose. What's wrong with Stretch, Miss Brooks? He ain't talking. Stretch, you'd better go over to the park and do what I told you. I'll explain to Harriet and get her oath of allegiance on our way over to school. All right, Miss Brooks. Remember now, get a small, chubby one with glasses. I'll remember. See you later, Harriet. What's this all about, Miss Brooks? What did you send Stretch after? A penguin, Harriet. With glasses? Why not? A penguin's entitled to see where he's going, isn't he? I don't understand this. Boy, of all the people in the park, why did you have to pick on me? I was just messing around. He... I mean, like I told you, Mister, it's a matter of helping out a human being. Besides, you wasn't doing nothing in the park. I wasn't doing nothing? Who teaches you English, boy? Miss Brooks. Well, there she is, waiting on the steps. I'll introduce her to you in a minute. What's your name? My name is Hewitt. Wallace T. Hewitt, Chairman of the State Board of Education. Excuse me a minute. Why better go back to the park and get another one? One second. Morales my curiosity now, and I'm going to see this thing through. Hello, Stretch. Miss Brooks, this is Mr. Hewitt. Oh, it certainly is. Oh, he's perfect, Stretch. Perfect. Miss Brooks, this really is Mr. Hewitt. I'll say, from the top of his shiny skull to the tips of his waddly little toes. Now, see here, young woman. I demand to know what this is all about. First, I'm sitting in the park reading. The want ads can wait, Chubby. I've got a job for you. A job? For me? It'll only take a few minutes, and I'll see that you get a dollar for your trouble. A dollar? This kid is really anxious. We could probably have swung it for a quarter. Now, listen carefully, Hewitt. I'll be calling you by that name from here in, so we might as well get used to it. All you've got to do is convince Mr. Conklin, that you're Mr. Hewitt, Chairman of the State Board of Education. I see. And do you think my card might help to convince him I've got some in my wallet here? There we are. The cards are right in this little compartment. See where my name is printed in gold letter? Wallace T. Hewitt. Quick, Stretch, call a cop. This bum has just murdered Mr. Hewitt. Now, look here, young woman. This has gone far enough. Fortunately, I'm just proud enough of my position to carry with me a newspaper photo which appeared last month. Here, look at it. Wallace T. Hewitt, Chairman of the State Board of Education. Stretch, it's him. Sure it's him. Of course it's him, it means. Why, Mr. Hewitt, we knew it was you all the time. You did, huh? But you said I waddled and that I murdered myself. Well, that was all part of the joke, Mr. Hewitt. You see, one of our teachers came back on the same train with you from Eagle Springs.  Well, I do have quite a good sense of humor about some things. But another explanation seems in order, Miss Brooks. Why are so many students roaming about the campus? School doesn't start until next Monday. That's because our principal, Mr. Conklin, wanted us to get a head start. Really? Well, that is unusual. I'd like to meet Mr. Conklin while I'm here. Oh, no, you wouldn't. He's not in on the rib. I mean, that is with such a distinguished visitor, I'd like to tell him you're here first. You know, give him a chance to run a comb through his tie and fix the knot in his hair. But my dear Miss Brooks... Oh, please, Mr. Hewitt, take a little stroll around the grounds and I'll meet you at Mr. Conklin's office in a few minutes. Well, if it'll make you feel more comfortable to announce me. But how will I find Mr. Conklin's office? You can't miss it. When you come back to the main building, open the door with a gray-haired English teacher and a straight jacket in front of it. Just push me aside and walk right in. Daddy told me he'd be right over here giving the athletic field a last-minute check. Have you seen him, Walter? No, Harriet, but he might be in the gym. Gosh, I'm nervous as a kitten. If your dad finds out we're hiring a hobo to impersonate Mr. Hewitt, we'll be boiled in oil. Oh, he won't find out. We'll just have to be real cagey about it. I wonder where Daddy could be. I'm right here behind the handball court, my dear. Mr. Conklin! Though I'm to be duped, am I? By an impersonator, eh? A hobo, eh? Oh, uh... But, Miss Brooks, I don't understand. Why am I sitting behind Mr. Conklin's desk? Because, Mr. Boyden, with the real Mr. Hewitt on our hands, we've got to have a fake Mr. Conklin. And outside of Mr. Conklin, you're the best fake I could find. But he might come back to his office and... Well, we've just got to take that chance. If Mr. Hewitt talks to Mr. Conklin and the truth about that phone call comes out, Walter Den will be expelled. Gee, I wouldn't want that to happen. Well, then we've got to see this thing through. Mr. Hewitt should be finishing his tour of the school. Come in! Well, Miss Brooks, I'm back. Good. Mr. Conklin here has just been perishing to meet you. Mr. Conklin, may I present Mr. Hewitt? How do you do, sir? So you're Mr. Conklin. I've been the principal of Madison High School. Oh, not long at all. I imagined as much. You're a very young man to be holding this high office, Mr. Conklin. And I might add, a very handsome young man. Isn't he a doll? He's so industrious, Mr. Hewitt. You won't catch many principals jumping the gun like this, coming to school ahead of time. That's very true, Miss Brooks. I'll certainly mention this in my report to the board. I'm returning to the state capitol in a couple of hours, you know. Oh, really? Then we wouldn't want you to miss your train, sir. Now that we've met you, maybe we ought to let you get out. But fast. I'll show you the shortcut to the bus line. If you'll just follow me out this door. Going somewhere, Miss Brooks? Not me. I'm rooted to the spot. Good. And this, I presume, is Mr. Hewitt? That's right. Mr. Wallace T. Hewitt? Yes. Chairman of the State Board of Education? That is correct.  This has gone far enough. Mr. Conklin, did you hear what I just heard? Of course I heard. What's the meaning of this? Something wrong, Mr. Hewitt. This hobo just called me a hobo. Do I have to show everyone in town my picture in the paper to prove I'm not a vagrant? Here, take a look at this, you oaf. First T. Hewitt, Chairman of the State. Good. It's you. Yes, it's me. And I'm going to see that the Board hears of this outrageous affair. Now, what's your name? My name? Yes, your name. My name is... Denton. Walter Denton. I presume you're a member of the Madison High Faculty? Faculty? No, no, no, I'm a student here. A student? You? G.I. Bill of Rights. Making up some credit so we can get into grade school. Hi, Miss Brooks. The door was open, so I just... Oh, Mr. Conklin. Yes? This is Mr. Hewitt. Mr. Wallace T. Hewitt. It's no use. The jig's up, Miss Brooks. Mr. Conklin knows he's just a hobo. Again, hobo? What is your name, young man? Me? That's my pal, Mr. Hewitt.  Stretch, snodgrass. Take hands with Mr. Hewitt, Stretch. Stretch! Somebody much in my name? Not yet, but we will in a minute. Mr. Hewitt, this is the boy who asked you to join us while you were sitting in the park. Meet Philip Boynton. I don't think I'm quite following the goings on here today, but I've just got to make that train. Let me tell you one thing though, Mr. Conklin. Yes? Will you please stop putting in Denton? Sorry, Mr. Hewitt. I've been with the Glee Club too long. I just want you to know that in spite of my sense of humor, I consider this incident a grievous insult to a man in my position, and I'm going to take action immediately. But, Mr. Hewitt, what action are you going to take? I'm going to see to it that a certain Walter Denton is expelled from this school. Expelled? Expelled? Boy, I'm glad I'm not in their shoes. Young woman, as the instigator of this degrading practical joke, you shall be as severely penalized as the State Board permits, and I shall take great pleasure in recommending your immediate suspension without pay. Now, Miss Brooks, what do you say to that? Well, Miss Brooks? Miss Brooks? Who's Miss Brooks? Well, if you're not Miss Brooks, then who are you? Mr. Hewitt, shake hands with Sam, the janitor. Well, Miss Brooks returns in just a moment, but first... Dream girl, dream girl, beautiful luster cream girl. Tonight, yes, tonight, show him how much lovelier your hair can look after a luster cream shampoo. Luster cream, world's finest shampoo. No other shampoo in the world gives K. Dumont's magic blend of secret ingredients, plus gentle aniline. Not a soap, not a liquid. Luster cream shampoo leaves hair three ways lovelier. Fragrantly clean, free of loose dandruff, glistening with sheen, soft, manageable. Even in hardest water, luster cream lathers instantly. No special rinse needed after a luster cream shampoo. So gentle, luster cream is wonderful even for children's hair. Tonight, yes, tonight, try luster cream shampoo. Dream girl, beautiful luster cream girl. You owe your crowning glory to luster cream shampoo. And now, once again, here is our Miss Brooks. Well, what started out as a pretty dangerous practical joke soon proved to be nothing more than a clean-cut, wholesome shambles.  In less than an hour, Mr. Boynton had driven us about 30 miles from town. Well, it took us a little while, but we can still have some fun. Sure we can. It's a beautiful day and the rides just swell. Don't you think so, Miss Brooks? I certainly do, Walter. Your car drives beautifully, Mr. Boynton. So much smoother than mine. Oh, thanks, Miss Brooks. But you know something? I can't help wishing we had taken my car instead. Why, Miss Brooks? Because that's where I left the picnic basket. Next week, putting to another Our Miss Brooks show, brought to you by luster cream shampoo, for soft, glamorous, caress-able hair, and Colgate Metal Green to clean your breasts while you clean your teeth and help stop tooth decay. Our Miss Brooks, starring Eve Arden, is produced by Larry Burns, written and directed by Al Lewis with music by Wilbur Hatch. Doctors prove you two may have a lovelier complexion in 14 days. Yes, 36 leading skin specialists proved in tests on 1,285 different women that a new method of cleansing with palm olive soap, using nothing but palm olive, brought new complexion beauty to two women out of three. Just wash your face three times daily with palm olive soap, each time for 60 seconds, massaging palm olive's beauty lather onto your skin, then rinse. So start your palm olive facials today. See what palm olive soap can do for your complexion in just 14 days. Here is an urgent message from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. March of Dimes funds for the care of polio victims will be used up by September 30th, 19 days from now. It will take over $14 million to continue this care. Don't abandon America's children. Send your dimes and dollars to polio, care of your local post office now.


Alright, so Peter, I got an email in from one of our members recently who was asking you a couple of questions about bipolar disorder. Oh, is that the one that watched my video that we did about bipolar, my story about bipolar? Yeah. She has some very good questions. Yeah. And these questions have come up a few times from different people over the years. Yeah, they have. So she's given us permission to read the email, obviously not sharing any of her details. So it says, Hi Peter, I'm 33 years old and I was diagnosed with bipolar type 1 in 2010. After taking lithium for 10 years, I started reducing it in June last year. My main motivation was to try to conceive a child without lithium. So from June 22 to January 23, over a period of six months, I reduced the dose by 20% each month. Oh, that's big. I now understand that my reduction plan was far too rapid because in January I stopped sleeping and I fell back into a long period of mania of three months. Yeah. I was hospitalized twice and followed by a long period of depression. Today, I'm back on lithium as prescribed by the psychiatrist. Although the experience was a failure and discouraged me, I'm still afraid of the long-term side effects of lithium as a psychotropic drug and I'm still determined to get off of the drug this time more slowly. Could I ask you, were you diagnosed with bipolar type 1? And she says, I'm asking this because I'm afraid that my type of bipolar, which includes experiences of mania with psychosis and depression, is too severe to succeed in getting off the meds. And her second question is, is life without lithium really possible? Thank you so much in advance, wishing you all the best. So what do you say? Well, first of all, I need to say Susan, no, your real name, Susan, you haven't failed. You have learned one way in which it doesn't work for you. Okay? There's a big difference. And I know it was painful because you went three months in what could be described as another pleasant period. But there you know that one thing, 20% reduction is too fast in lithium. Remember, you have been accumulating lithium in your body for 10 years, right? So if you cut it down too quickly, the withdrawal symptoms, which is what happened to you for three months, the withdrawal symptoms are going to be huge. So by reducing it more little by little with the help of your health provider, then what you can guarantee is that you can almost make those withdrawal symptoms imperceptible, you know, like they almost disappear. This is an important point because a lot of people, it's hard to tell what's withdrawal and what's now that I don't have as much medication in my body, what's the original symptoms. Exactly. Very careful. Because we mental health specialists have a tendency to say the person when you do remission, ignoring the fact that we know that every single drug has got a withdrawal symptoms that sometimes are worse than the actual illness that he's trying to prevent. So that's something that we need to remember. When you stop a drug, especially a drug as strong as lithium, it's one of the most powerful ones, there will be withdrawal symptoms. So what we need to do is to do it so slowly that by the time you get to almost nothing, you know, feeling very different. And then you also have time, Susan, to put in place all your other coping strategies. This is not as simple as, I don't want to take more medications, so I stop. No, no, no, no, no, that's not simple like that at all. I want to reduce my medication. I'm going to do it wisely. And at the same time, I'm going to put all the strategies and coping mechanisms I need in my life that may include therapy. I was in therapy for a long time and then I went into coaching. I've spent a lot of time in these areas trying to understand myself, trying to get clarity as to what I wanted in life, what works for me and what doesn't. And it's possible that Susan did too. It's possible, but we don't know, Susan. The benefit of everybody out there who's in the same boat. So I have no idea. But, you know, speaking from experience, because I did the same thing. I stopped my medication and then I had to be put back on to this later. Well, she didn't stop. She reduced at least 20% seems like that would be reasonable. But I stopped mine and then I had to be put back on because of the withdrawal symptoms. They were terrible. So, but from speaking from experience, it's, it's, we want to do things quickly and as simple as possible. And sometimes there's no short cutting what you need to do in order to make sure that the next time you try this, it happens for you. So that's important. And the other one was the ground. The first question was, were you diagnosed with type one bipolar? At the time, at the time when this happened to me, we didn't have type one or type two. There was no that distinction. That's a distinction that came later. So I can't say that. But from what I can see of my symptoms, it would fit with it with the type one. So for those who just to jump in, for those who want to know the difference, type one is where people have severe episodes of mania and then the depression and the criteria is you have to have mania for at least seven days, most of the time for at least seven days. Or it has to be so severe that you need immediate medical attention. Whereas type two is where people go into what they call hypomania, where it's not quite a severe or intense, but obviously still impacting the person and then the depression. So it's a question of severity of the type one symptoms, which in some cases, like this one here, can the mania can get to the point of psychosis? I was lucky that I was never put on lithium. I was put on the other step and not lithium. I don't know what how my body would have reacted. I think knowing my body would have reacted worse to something as strong as lithium. But, you know, that was my experience, but my experience also includes that this is not as simple as cutting down your medication. You need to have a strong social structure around you. You need to make changes in your life. You may not want to make. I had many changes I didn't want to face, and that was part of the contributing problem. Your other question is the life with the lithium. And is it possible? The question is, is it possible? Most people live without lithium. So, yes, it's not only possible, it's quite probable. Now, is it possible for you? We won't know until until you try to do it slower. Make sure that you have really good support systems around you. Have good have good relationships with your family, not the toxic members. But, you know, look for other members in your family that are not toxic, that will support you, that will love you is very important. One thing you've said many times is that having someone whose perspective and opinion you can trust and rely on when you can't be sure of your own, so that you can test against them and say, hang on, is my thinking like reasonable here or have I gone too far? Am I too extreme in my thinking around things? So you can pick up those if those warning signs early and do something about it early as you go through this process. You said that that was important. And the issue of insomnia, it was very, very much that's a reality and I had that too. So I had to learn how to fall asleep, what worked. In my case, I'm not sure, I'm not saying this will work for you because I'm not giving advice because I don't have the full picture. I can just share my experience. In my case, I tried volume. That was not good for me.  And also there's a problem with the temacepanum and volume is that you can get addicted very, very easily. And it's very hard to stop later. So I wouldn't recommend that. Look for more natural ways of getting your body to sleep. Melatonin, especially the one under the tongue spray melatonin. I find that very, very good for getting me to sleep.  And I know it's very tempting when you're having insomnia to grab your screen and watch a movie on that. But that makes it worse. It takes longer. It's almost better to be bored in bed for a while. Until your body just knocks off. So you've got to find out what your body needs to do and what you need to do with your body and your mind to do that. One thing that helped me a lot was a gratitude list. I did a gratitude list for years. And I find them extremely beneficial because that was a good way of going into bed with a positive, nice energy to me. So I'm not sure if this is being helpful, but I can only describe my experience. But it wasn't. I also I also had a personal goal that I set up of reading a hundred books because I've considered myself a non-finisher. So I said, how do I can I prove to my my psychology, my neurology that I can finish things? And what I did was that read a hundred books and I continued. That was a great thing to do. So there's all these aspects as well.  What about books that teaches you on how to be a better, you know, what is required to be a better friend to start with? What is required of of you to be a better husband or a better wife?  Because there's too much emphasis nowadays, is he Mr. Right or if she Mrs. Right? That doesn't matter. The question is, are you Mr. Right or are you Mrs. Right? That's the real question. It's not about people don't want to be my friend, is what do I contribute as a friend? Do I have something to contribute?  You can't be that, you know, so these are things that have got to with your psychology, your personality, but they'll all impact on how you feel physically and your ability to sleep at night, which is very important in this case. But just to go back to this question, is this possible to do? I mean, not just in your case, but there's thousands of people around the world who have at one point been diagnosed with bipolar, including type one, who have managed to find what works for them. Including many of the things that you've talked about. And I mean, there's lots of people out there. So I think it's important to keep that hope. And it, but it is a process of finding out how to do it for me, because everyone's case will be different. And this is absolutely not professional advice, you know, for anyone out there, we recommend you go and speak directly with the professionals that you trust. And if you don't trust the ones that you're working with, get second opinions, get third opinions, get fourth opinions, but go through that process, getting personal advice for you, because this is general. And I understand that if you're in suffering right now, you don't want to hear that there's work involved, because it may seem overwhelming. And I completely get that, you know, when I was experiencing that, any idea of work or homework was overwhelming. But, you know, it's worth it. It's worth it. Because when you, for example, do a gratitude list, your life doesn't improve a lot. It doesn't feel like it's improved a lot. Maybe it's improved only by half a percent. But if you improve half a percent every week for the next two years, by the end of five years, you will see huge positive changes in your life. That's worth it, you know, and keep on being positive. You can never lose hope. I mean, what's the use of me telling you that you can never achieve the goal of becoming well? What's the use? How would that be helpful to you? That wouldn't help you at all. Plus, it's not real. We know tens of thousands of people get better from bipolar type one and the other bipolar all the time. It's a delusion that we've created on the mental health system to think if you have bipolar, you can never get well. Well, that's bullshit, plain and simple. Plus, it doesn't help anybody. So never lose hope. You learn one way on how to not do what you want to do. Try different things, never give up, never surrender. I hope that's useful and we wish you all the best, not just to Susan, but to everybody that's watching this video that is on the same boat. Please, please, please never give up, never surrender. Hi, I'm Emmy Golding, Director of Psychology for the Workplace Mental Health Institute. We hope you liked the video. If you did, make sure to give it a thumbs up. We have more and more videos being released each week. So when you subscribe, you'll get a notification letting you know when a new one's just been published. So make sure to hit that subscribe button and don't miss out on this vital information for yourself, your colleagues and your loved ones. Hi, I'm Emmy Golding, Director of Psychology for the Workplace Mental Health Institute. We hope you liked the video. If you did, make sure to give it a thumbs up. We have more and more videos being released each week. So when you subscribe, you'll get a notification letting you know when a new one's just been published. So make sure to hit that subscribe button and don't miss out on this vital information for yourself, your colleagues and your loved ones.


Mercedes is a special kid. I've known her since she was in fifth grade, so basically she grew up with us and so I'm thrilled that she's getting the opportunity to continue her softball career at UPIKE with me and Coach Staggs and I think she'll be a great asset to our program. She's one of those kids that she never missed practice. When she came to practice she gave a hundred ten percent and those type of players are coaches dream so she's definitely gonna fit right in with the team that we have at UPIKE. This is probably the greatest feeling I've ever felt in my life and I know it's a little later than usual that most athletes get it but it's unbelievable. April's one of the best coaches I've ever played with she's just she loves the game as much as I do if not more and it's just when we when we click when we connect we're just we just love the game and I just can't wait to be on the field with her again. I love April oh my god she's just it's crazy to think that we're back together reunited after after four years but I spent a lot of years with her through middle school and high school and then I had four years away from her and now we're back again and I just made April her close we always have been close and it's just it's it's great being back with her.


Who would have thought that a person from the projects that would stand in line and get free lunch and in this summertime, because my mom couldn't afford to feed us, and stand in line and get powdered milk and cheese would go around the world, sing in music, and take care of my family, and then risk all that money to start a consumer electronics company so I could show the kids in my neighborhood that they should dream to be Steve Jobs, not just Stevie Wonder, or Michael Dales, not just Michael Jackson's.


Come on. I think we do. Oh my god. What is that about to be? Let's go. What is that about to be? Oh? Geez Wow Wow Star Factor is Jedis Dude check this out. This is insane. Oh dude with Quad signatures at 25 booklets It is Science legends Phil Sims Lawrence Taylor did that's our cells and pepper Johnson Dude parcels on there to doona. They got big to know on there Holy cow Elite coming out swinging y'all Dude, that's awesome amazing Jacob H How much were the Giants? Sims in a lot pepper and Bill Parcells dude. That's That's awesome. Are you a Giants fan Jets fan? Oh, yeah, that's my Jets fan


e.g. to music conversion. It works, but it sounds horrible as expected. So try to improve it by doing frequency shifting or some interpolation. Yes, this does look rhythmic. Current conversion it generates too many zero hertz, which is a bit odd when channel 10 I think gives some frequencies. Yeah, the mapping is incorrect. Getting dominant frequencies, already doing scaling, scaling e.g. to MIDI. So instead of a new function, we update the current one that we already have. Because most of the time the frequencies are just zero and now at the frequencies are very low, they end up being that lowest frequency note. The idea is to modify the function to handle zero frequencies as rests and a pie shift non-zero frequencies before scaling them to the MIDI range. Why am I having too many zero frequencies to begin with? This is updating scale, also shifting the values. Low variation, e.g. signals often have periods of low variation, especially in a relaxed or steady state, which result in a dominant frequency of zero. Yeah, so I do not expect zero frequencies. I can take f1 instead of f0. Window size, the size of the data segment, window, use for each FFT calculation significantly affects the result. If the window is too small, it may not capture enough data to accurately represent the frequency content. Conversely, if it's too large, it might have redoubt the variations over time. Yes, currently it's 300, 200 will be, it's a window size of half a second. Signal processing, if the signal is not properly processed before FFT, e.g. the trending, applying a window function, it can influence the outcome, potentially leading to a dominant frequency of zero. So we commented out the window function, probably should bring it back maybe with a different window type. Sampling rate, the sampling rate of your e.g. data determines the frequency resolution. A low sampling rate might not capture higher frequency details. Quantization error, if the e.g. data is digitized with low resolution, it might not capture subtle changes, leading to periods where the signal appears flat. It's actually not quantized down sampling or anything at this stage. If the e.g. signal has a low SNR, the actual brainwave signals might be masked by noise, resulting in an unclear frequency representation. We don't have noise in this, this should be a clear e.g. One thing though that I notice, you might need the, you might need to apply a window to detrend this. Yeah, because it has to remove the DC component from it. Can window function be used for detrending? Detrending. So we're using NumPy with defining a function. We need to do it manually since there's an existing function for this. Okay, so we need to fix the data, it's actually not called data, hitting a polynomial and subtracting the trend. We should be able to display this as well. Well, right, so this is the trending each segment independently. So that's not what I want to display on the graph. Yeah, let's do this. This looks legit. We don't need this because we already have it up top. Trend function. I don't know, dominant frequencies in the function itself for each segment. Second break. Have a detrend and then FFT result. Segmentation. Apply detrending to each segment of the EEG data if you're processing the data in chunks. Otherwise, apply it to the whole dataset. Window function. If you're also applying a window function, then after the trending and write before the FFT. Generate the whole getDominantFrequences function. Yes, this is replacing all this bit. I don't need to call that because we already have it. Trend dot, detrend dot. Then we're doing everything else on the detrended segment. Instead of segment, still running the thing, yes. Just clear the terminal. That's what the seizure sounds like. So the problem with those frequencies could be could be pretty random. So the sampling rate is 400. So if we have SHD, if 100 we'll have four nodes per second of EEG. Makes it also slower here. There would be much more improvements needed. So this is just a large number that loads the whole seizure. Yeah, this will keep the bounding 21s. 20 was better. There will be some sort of ideal water quickly. Same channel zero. This is a very large number to load the whole seizure, the whole data and might continue. Continue next time. Hopefully it will be more palatable the EEG music seizure song. I'll see you next time.


I am more matters. Maes i dda i ddegwladau mwy o dda aethau gwrsedd y Cymru yw fydd yn cyfru i ddegwladau ddegwladau darllenheiswyr Cymru. Mae Saldわ yn Gwyllwch i ddegwladau fod yn cyfru uchydigrwyddol gael o ddegwladau ar y ddegwladau ddegwladau o ddegwladau cyffredin nhw, yn 17 ddegwladau 25 yma. Mae fydd yn cyfrifwyr o ddegwladau cyffredin nhw, The road safety framework to 2020 sets out ambitious and challenging targets and sets out a range of education, engineering and enforcement measures, which all play a key role in our comprehensive approach. The road safety strategic partnership board SPB is conducting a strategic mid-term review during 2015 of the progress that is made under the framework. Thank you, Presiding Officer. The Minister will be well aware that the road deaths increased from 2013 to 14 by seven, and whilst fewer people in cars and bikes died, there has been an increase in pedestrian and motorcyclists killed. Stuart Hay from Living Streets said, and I quote, Pedestrian safety battle is far from one. Will the minister clarify the Scottish Government's plans to make our streets safer for all road users, particularly pedestrians and motorcyclists, in light of those figures? Minister, as I've said, we will be publishing our statistics in a response to them, but of course any casualty, any injury, any fatality is to be regretted, and therefore I take the issue very, very seriously. I haven't worked so closely since my appointment on matters of road safety, and I know that David Stewart cares very deeply about this issue as well. I think that we've been able to undertake a range of actions around education particularly, and we'll continue to do that. On wider issues around road safety, I think that it was the right thing to do to lower Scotland's drink-drive limit. I think that that was the right approach that may well be copied elsewhere if media reports are to be believed. I think that it was the right approach. We've had high-profile publicity campaigns such as the Road Safety campaign, and we've just recently launched the Live Fast, I Old campaign, which urges motorcyclists to stay safe particularly on bends during the biking season particularly. We've had a country roads campaign featuring David Coulthane. We work closely with roads officials and road authorities. We've also published new guidance on 20mph zones to encourage their deployment across the country. Clearly, Edinburgh City Council is very much leading the way there, and we've also had very careful and considered use of the average speed camera deployment on the A9 as well. Education will be central to our efforts. I will continue to work with a number of partners to try to ensure that our roads are safer for all. Young motorists, particularly men under 25, are a high-risk group for death and injury on our roads. Does the minister agree with my campaign for a graduated driving licence scheme, which Dr Suria Jones of Cardiff University said would save 22 young lives in Scotland and over £80 million? Will the minister seek an urgent meeting with Patrick McLaughlin, the Secretary of State for Transport, and support my bid for Scotland to pilot the graduate scheme within the UK? Yes, although I do not necessarily agree with the minister who will approach the promotion anytime soon, if you will forgive me, Mr Stewart, I would be happy to continue our efforts with the UK Government to promote the scheme. I would be more than happy to pilot it in Scotland. As the member is well aware, we have made moves to the UK Government on the issue in the past. I will continue to do so, and if the Labour Party wants to assist us on that with other things, I will happily take a cross-party approach, and I will be more than happy to try to progress that once again. Thank you, Presiding Officer. The minister will be aware of the particular dangers on rural roads, such as in my constituency, by, if I may call them, our fair weather motorcyclists, who see the apparently quiet road as a speedway for getting the slow-moving tractor around the corner or the livestock crossing in their path. Can I ask what particular steps the Government can take to educate those leatherclad, quite often middle-aged motorcyclists, to take care and not underestimate the dangers that may lie ahead? As it happens, our campaign for motorcyclists is age-targeted, because there is a specific issue there. In terms of geography, there is an issue about rural roads, and that is particularly why we had the country roads campaign. As well as the general road safety measures that it would be taking around education and engineering, we have very focused campaigns for those that will be most receptive to them. Rather than just a blunt Government message that has been market tested as well, so hopefully all of that will assist as well as some of the other measures that I described in my earlier answer. With the use of social media as well, there do not necessarily have to be expensive campaigns, but intelligent, well-focused, targeted campaigns will help us to address the issue. It is the case that, as I say, any fatality, any casualty is to be regretted, and some of them might have very specific individualised circumstances, but anything that this Government can do to make our road safer, we will. Alex Johnson. Is the Minister's consideration of further engineering measures likely at any time to include the further consideration of the provision of a grade-separated junction at the junction of the A90 with the A937 at Lawrence Kirk? It is a matter, like with all capital investment, around specific engineering to local solutions. I am aware of the concerns at that junction. We are progressing more works at the moment specifically on that junction to move towards a funding proposition and so on. Where there are specific engineering solutions that can be put into place to make roads safer, we are doing that. The A9 duoling is an ideal example, but in terms of Lawrence Kirk, yes, discussion is currently under way as to how we progress that. Jenny Marra. I speak as a member of Parliament who experienced a road death accident just in our urban area last week. The Minister will know as well as I do that the speed limit in urban areas in Scotland is 30 miles per hour. It is also my understanding that the limit for prosecution if a driver is going over 30 miles per hour is far in excess of 30 and is nearer 40 under Crown Office guidance. How many miles per hour over 30 does the minister think that it is acceptable for non-prosecution? The answer that I would like to give is that people keep to the speed limits full stop per say what my justice colleagues pursue will be a matter for them and I am happy to write to the member and maybe better doing that than me broadcasting here and now. Not that I am sure that the public at large will be watching, but I do not think that it is a helpful message to suggest that anyone should flout the speed limits so that people should stick to the speed limits appropriate to that road. I am happy to engage in a more private communication as to the wider justice issues and I am also happy to take that up with the road safety partnership and Police Scotland because I do believe that there may well be an issue around the forcibility of our speed limits. We move to the next item of business, which is a debate on motion number 13196, in the name of Maureen Watt.


Hi guys. Good morning. Welcome to vlogmas. I'm just kidding. New York Fashion Week vlog day two I was gonna say vlogmaskin. I'm not gonna lie I'm gonna do a little OOTD, but I'm gonna go and show you guys on the body mirror and not try to just do it Like that this way, but look at Spencer. Look at how good he looks. Oh, I love your little outfit The sorry about the lighting is a little bit harsh, but I'm wearing this oversized sweater leggings and my thigh high boots Also, I put on my Tiffany necklace and I need to put on my earrings, but that's pretty much it and we have to get going All right, so this is my friend Cam. She's just so cute. I love her little outfit Love the Gucci bag. Thanks girl Look at this cute wall and Tanya's getting her picture taken. Look at you We just got seated. My plus one is over here and they have these cute little name tags for us and Clear really cute gold plates. Basically everyone is just mingling Getting their photos taken at that cute wall over there. Okay, this thing keeps like writing back And I don't know why we're just sitting here, and I think we're just gonna have breakfast I Don't think that But basically we're just staying at the hotel today and having candles and everything There are some of the industry people back there. They have like this big channel thing And then we are at these little tables. I think you guys probably already seen that but and it's over there It's just pretty cool to like meet people for all over the blog and do Instagram. It's opportunity We're gonna put this in your wardrobe and the husband was happy She's getting all these compliments at work and then all of a sudden it's like, okay Can you shop for me? All the time because you know, she got all those compliments. Do you have kind of like a tip? Because I know me personally there's certain things I don't wear But fashion kind of opens up that's good. Okay, you know, I might try this today Do you kind of have a tip for all of us that you know, how do I step outside of my element? But still remain myself. Do you kind of have a quick tip, you know as we try to branch out? I don't have a perfect tip. I just think that people can change your mind said fashion is not supposed to be standard So have a little fun. There was a point in time where I just did a lot of solids I was an attorney, so there's a lot of black neutrals, grays, very boring and I just started to push myself a little by little. I wanted to try a print Maybe I did a head wrap. Something I'll learn like while camping or something I'll learn Doing something else. I can use it with them at photography to improvise in the back So, you know, don't limit yourself. She's just doing one thing full-time professional about Eight years, but when I moved back from to LA from New York, that was in 2000 So I started doing it part-time at that point because I was still doing, I was a web designer, you know Trying to get like a real job So I would do it on the side and then around 2010 I took off to Europe Well, I got divorced and I had to get away.  I didn't want to sit around LA I didn't want to run into her So I took off to Europe and that's what I decided like I gotta start pursuing what I really want And that's when everything started like once I started pursuing my line started pursuing my passion That's when everything started popping, you know, so about full-time professional about nine years now Okay, so we made a quick stop back to the room and we took a few pictures and video clips for the travel diary Like jumping on the bed and stuff. So that was pretty fun It is about one o'clock now. So we're gonna go down for lunch. It's gonna be super good Okay, so for lunch, we're having some bread and salad. All right, so this is Carly Follow her on Instagram. I'll put it down below and follow Rachel. They have the cutest pictures. Oh my gosh No, I'll be good for thumbnail because like I'm gonna probably put like new new friends in New York City Like vlogging or whatever. I don't know.  I love how I remember your Instagram username not your actual Yeah, I know it's like calling people the username. Thanks girls. Okay guys, so we are out of our panel sessions They were super fun and now we're going to explore. We're going to the Brooklyn bridge and this is my first uber ever So thanks Spencer for getting me on an uber. I'm so excited to see the Brooklyn bridge It's gonna be super fun. Always wanted to go here. It's like the most Instagram mobile place There's the uber sign Okay, so finding this little place was kind of tricky We're underground and we had to ask the person like how to get here But we found it and cannot wait to show you guys And take a picture I'm feeling weak But we're strong people we can do this. Oh my goodness. It's right there. How cool is this? Okay, so as you guys can see The berkelin bridge is right there and to be honest, we didn't expect so many people to be here This is almost like trying to get picture in front of the castle or magic kingdom man Like there's everyone. So I don't know how this is gonna play out But hopefully we'll get a really good picture. Look at how gorgeous guys. Look at how gorgeous Spencer is filming me right now for the travel diary. I just wanted to get like a couple clips here So he's just been filming a little bit. I was a crazy instagram girlfriend and I was like controlling and stuff So if Spencer watches this shout out to you because I'm just really controlling because I have a vision and stuff So it gets kind of hard and I kind of snap But you know it all turns out well in the end I hope you guys have been enjoying my post if you aren't already it makes sure to follow me on instagram Our berkelin bridge experience has been pretty good And I hope that you guys have been enjoying the videos later tonight We're going to time square with my cousin and and I have no idea what we're actually doing But um, I think that's what we're gonna do So after this we're going to meet up with my aunt because my cousin gets done around 6 30 All right, we made it to my aunt's she does not live in florida. Obviously you guys know florida new york She doesn't live in new york obviously But we met up in new york because her daughter francy my cousin is walking in a fashion show So we just decided to have a little mini family reunion. All right francy has finally made it And we're going to eat now.  I'm sorry Okay, so we are on our way to time square Woo-hoo spencer's first time And we're in an uber on our way to time square Can't wait to edit this later tonight spencer. Here we are Time square Francy we're here Oh my gosh I know like can we just let's just take it in guys. Let's take it in Beautiful one thing that people like take your phone or device and take a picture like these people Because they'll want like a tip and everything. Oh, there's the elbow again Oh Totally keeping that in she wants a new picture for her profile picture. Just look at how beautiful this is guys like take it in There's the ball Too bad. We're just a little late on the ball drop, but you know we can see where it happens Bubba gump. We have one of those so far. You would be if you came to see it. Yeah, so true Oh my gosh, look francy and real kumas like favorite thing ever Spencer and real akuma's favorite thing ever. Oh my gosh Guys, I love real akuma so much. I had to come in the store I think manda 3 1409 would love this store I was saying that this would not be in new york if there was no trash.  It is the harry potter Theater and francy wants her picture in front of it. Oh, you just wanted a picture of it. Okay Okay behind the scenes of francy's photo We'll go on the other side girl we have finally made it we finally found the hershey's store It's pretty big. So I don't know how we really missed it. We got dropped off past it So I think that's why we missed it, but I'm so excited. I love the store so much Oh Here we go. Here we go Oh, it's nice and warm too This is such a big store of just hershey's chocolates. We just got our free samples, which is awesome It's like trick-or-treating as windy just said. Oh my gosh. Well, this caught our eyes. I want the big Reese's I would totally split it with someone if anyone wanted to share with me.  Thank you. Wendy. I was chewing there There's a whole Reese's section. I remember I got something from the Reese's section I love Reese's and apparently francy does too. All right, so we made a stop into the m&m store As you guys can see finding a bathroom for the blanket ship over here cousin and boyfriend are talking Yeah, what about you? Oh great green m&m. Yes. Yeah, it's a green one statue of liberty It's a girl sure. Okay francy's profile picture. Bam. Yeah, there you go So where was your profile picture? Oh the m&m store The lighting was bombs crazy. There's three floors of m&m themed things. That's a tongue twister Okay, so I think soon we're gonna head back out to time square and take some photos and video clips Francy wants a new profile picture like a legit one a legit one not in the m&m store But that's what we're gonna focus on right now. We got some really good pictures of francy And me and then individually. So I think we're set on the time square photos and some video I want to get some more of spencer and stuff because I want him in the trial diary Okay, so we are in forever 21 on time square francy wanted to come see some of the clothes Those are cute We've come downstairs to look at some stuff. Whoa, we found a really big hat. Oh my gosh This is crazy. I honestly just want to try it on. I love big hats, but this one is just a little bit too big I think Oh my gosh my gosh Oh My gosh, wait, why is this side uneven? No, it's it's rolled. Is it supposed? Yeah, it's supposed to be like that Is it always supposed to be like that? Yeah. Oh my gosh So we just tried on these taco hats. That's crazy, man. Like that's insane So that's gonna be it for this video. I hope you guys enjoyed it Make sure to give it a big thumbs up Don't forget to subscribe and I'll see you guys in my next video. Bye. Bye. Sorry cut spencer off. Bye


In this project, we are interested in how we can raise the productivity level of small retailers in Jakarta and in the context of Indonesia and understanding how business practices relate to their productivity growth. What we do is to curate the local knowledge available. We develop a handbook of this with practices. We distributed the handbook around 1,000 retailers. And then we top up this handbook with a movie and with assistants. And we proved that this was really effective for these retailers and proved their profits by 35%. Tilek Roulof's psychologist in a nursing home came forward with this project because she saw in the nursing home that there was mainly attention to the problem and almost for the normal experience of love, intimacy and sexuality. What matters is social output. There are five social publications published in international journals. With the MBO program, we also developed a three-part workshop. And in addition, we organized an inspiration day in which nurses and nurses from nursing homes were invited to think about how they could give this program to the nursing home. My research project was about smoke-free soil in the continued program. This program has received a lot of media attention. I have often consulted to give advice on how you can introduce their role. And finally, and I think that this is the highest achievable social impact that scientists can have. And that is that from August 1, the program of power has gone for smoke-free soil. And this program is based on the results of my research.