Okay, how did you say this? Oh, I'm gonna do it. No, I'll do it. I thought maybe you want to Yeah, brush them a little bit for the I'll do it. Yeah, he just got washed. He's looking good I'm surprised that tail and mane come back so well. They come back nice and white again. That's an Arabian And this is an Anglo-Aryan Thoroughbred an Arabian Sometimes I think there's people in high positions in the network But AC is still working on it I'm not used to riding with the chest plate on him, and I forget and girth up before I remember Well, we can pretend that I just get it to keep the saddle from falling off That's the first day of zero Yep Yeah, we just have to look forward to this occasionally in the future We've had we've buried over 200 dead goldfish We started with eight in that pond And you know the bigger the water the bigger they grow their carp so they've grown in size, but they also Have reproduced to where we had and then yesterday it was down to five And so that's why we've got the water squirting and trying to aerate the lake But I think that we just had hundreds and hundreds of mosquito fish Okay, Dennis mark them very scientific business. Yes, sir Wonder back to the trailer The chain out of your mouth you'll break a tooth and then around the road around the base of the mountain and down Yeah, he's gonna be able to you can appell the fence coming back off the black top road sir, yeah Right up in here the mechanized forces will be I'm sure on the gravel road inside. Yes No Duke is up at the other end of the firebreak Duke Yes Have you told me after it bounced has to be rewarded a few inches How it was getting wet President Walter Mondale says you're not telling the truth when you say you won't raise taxes next year. He says you're gonna have to do it, sir We have no plans for nor will I allow any plans for a tax increase Budget office is releasing figures today, which says they think you're gonna have bigger deficits and then your own projections You've been here before haven't you sir You missed the ride this morning What it is some acid or something but no the trees that horses will come in here for shade But out there is where they'll graze They certainly do Everybody can know we're going in Which I think Make sure she's not wait now. Do you want us on either side of the tree or what well? We I think they want to do one standing But I think for a release purpose is to be better. Have you doing something and my suggestion was watering the tree We have two shovels. We have a chainsaw. No, please He's too hot. Can we just do a watering tree? I've got an idea for another picture just one more I've got the chainsaw No, and you're blocking me off Stopping me for a probing for it. We won't don't just stand there. You're supposed to be saying no, I'm not gonna start the saw All right, thank you stop that. What's his name, Mr. President? This is Catalina Arabian stables over on Catalina when they had them there On the backside and you can swim back to Catalina Let me make a better Swipe around your face with that spray instead of being so Grand bunks is you wouldn't have many Nazis are back Yes, there's a couple of places up there. I think we came in to see nice breeze Last What you're gonna consider is putting up maybe a jet engine buried in the ground out there and you just turn on Some mail earlier Hold it and just something about the floppiness of it keeps the Nats away What's the decision they Honey, what's the decision that they're here any minute now should we We get Then he says bears and mountain lions are coming down to drink I have a I've got another suspicion I have a hunch that maybe they were dislocated to the fires They're moved out of there Did you all that started right away, but I mean like ten years For a long time these who are in this side just stayed small All of a sudden this is last year My lending us a stem But you see what they got darling when we have a tiny dirty pond that the guy told us needs aeration We did that when we got gold fishing And about 250 of our gold third I count the trend That I shoveled up but it died And knew that something was going to happen and the Electric pump and it's up on the shore then a pipe goes out and on the bottom We should do it I don't know what happens in the winter there, but now it's all the carp in the rivers And in the spring My god Adam Martha they all asked the best you know Oh What is it just a compressor You ever get the White House port oh, these are Montmartre. Oh, what is he we're done, right? Thank you. You're very well I was sitting out here doing some letters and I have to tell you the nets


You asked and now it's finally year. Appalachian Wireless now offers unlimited data on the best network in the region. See store for complete details, better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless and East Kentucky Network Company. When Pike County tax bills came out this month, more than a few residents were highly disappointed. This year, Pike County's property taxes raised a significant amount. In 2016, the total real estate assessment for the county equaled $2.2 billion. In 2017, it totaled $1.8 billion. That means Pike County taxpayers had to make up almost $370 million. The Department of Revenue had reassessed the unmind minerals and the natural gas and given those companies, those big companies, most of them rather large coal companies, a $400 million decrease. That's $400 million. They didn't have to pay taxes on any more. Today, residents attended the Pike County Fiscal Court meeting hoping for answers. Nobody would have said anything five, eight, seven percent. Nobody was saying anything. These coal companies have got more money than these four people have. And try to keep that reversed because 37% is a permanent. I think they always can find a solution, but they take the easy way, the path of least resistance. However, those on the court say they were just as surprised as everyone else. The Department of Revenue raised property taxes without warning in every coal producing county in the state. Essentially, what happened is the state changed the way it assesses oil and mineral rights and unmind coal. In Pike County, those assessments dropped 40% for oil and mineral rights and 70% for unmind coal. So while companies holding those assets saw their bills cut drastically, everyone else was left to make up the difference. In order to raise the money just to keep services going and the same money to keep the county going and the Pike County school board going, we had to take what we called a compensating rate that allowed both the board and the county to raise the same amount of money. And that came out that everybody's taxes went up. We had to make up. The small people out here had to make up for that 400 million. Pike County Deputy Judge Executive Herbie Deskin says he emailed the Department of Revenue and their response was, quote, we can't tell you why we did it, but we did it. He says the court will do everything in its power to get an answer. We're going to try to do something about it. I don't know how successful will be, but we'll sure raise a lot of heck with the people that did this. The meeting adjourned with no action taken on tax rates. In Pikeville, Shelby Porter, EKB News.


Hi there my name is Martin Anderson and I'm the digital communications team leader at CFA. I'm just going to show you quickly how to submit a news article to the public news and media site or the members online member news section. To submit to either site you go to the news.cafa.vic.gov.au site or you can go to the public website and click on the news and media tab. You click to log in you click the member login button up here and you'll be taken to your CFA login page. Once you're logged in you can either from the drop-down menu of news media click submit a news article or click on the submit a news article on the dashboard page. On the submit a news page you'll be able to access this video to remind yourself if you need any reminders of how to submit an article. The headline of the article obviously very important to try and encourage people to read the articles. You need to make it as interesting as possible. The author will automatically be populated with your name although you can't change that if required if you're submitting an article for somebody else enter the start date here if you just want it to be published as soon as possible select today's date. You can choose the featured image now if the featured image needs to be a minimum of 1600 pixels by 1200 pixels and it needs to have the the main subject area within this sort of red lines when the center of the image depending on what device size and mobile or tablet or desktop computer the edges of the images can't be hidden so you need to make sure that people's heads and any text or anything important is within the central area of the image as you can see in this pop-up window you just choose a file select your image and that will pop in there and the image needs to be a sort of four by four four by three ratio so um yeah 1600 pixels by 1200 pixels that sort of size landscape size you can enter a caption for your image the intro the first paragraph the article again after the headline the most important part of the story that's really the most interesting thing you need to have in the intro to encourage people to actually take the time and read further into the news article so you enter that here here in the main content you enter the rest of your your article you can add a youtube video in your article so you can basically select this button and you go to the the video that you want to share click on the share button click this embed code from the youtube video and then you can select that in there and that will automatically embed a youtube video wherever you want it within your article there's some tips here and inserting videos you can add up to five additional images in your slide so just by selecting them for the slideshow at the bottom of your article the category of your article it's basically the the main topic that it falls under so if you're writing about a house fire you would maybe select in this incident structure if you're writing about an event that your brigade is having select events the people category is really only for people profiles obviously there's inversely every news article we upload there are people involved in the the news article but unless it's specifically a profile or a specific piece about a particular person like a an honors piece or something like that you might select people where did it happen so most news most articles happened in a particular place we're talking about a specific event or incident or something like that so you just if the if it was an incident that happened in district 11 just select district 11 some articles are just general announcements especially the ones we did headquarters so maybe statements or general sort of announcements of things that are happening in cfa and obviously don't happen in a specific location so we would select no specific location for this the audience so this is whether if you just want the news article to appear on members online for cfa members only you would select this checkbox or if you want it to be public and on members online select this one at this point it's really good idea to preview your article to see how it will appear so here you can see the image as it appears in your caption your intro you can see a video if you've embedded it and just make sure everything looks good if that's all good you just close that window and I'll take you back to your submit a news article page you can save it as a draft if you need to get more information or need to get you know we need to wait until something's approved or if you're ready to go you can submit the news article when you submit the news article if you haven't filled in any mandatory fields you'll get these warnings so I haven't filled in the headlines so I need to fill that in I need to fill in the category and location so the category we'll say community safety location we'll choose bird with east and we'll try that again and if you have successfully submitted your article you'll end up in this page you'll be able to see the article on your dashboard under my articles you can see this test headline is the one I've just submitted and a member of the news and media team will get a notification that you've submitted your article and somebody will approve it or get in touch with you if there's any issues so we try to approve articles within within one or two business days of them being submitted if it's something that needs urgently submitted you can contact the digital media team you get the contacts on member news you can email digital-media-team at cfa.vic.gov.au just to let us know that you've there's some time pressures on the article you've submitted otherwise once the article is approved you should also get an email telling you it's approved with a link to the article on the members news site if you want to get the article on the news media site just go to the news and media latest news and you can get the public version of the article there if you uploaded the article to the public site as well so I hope that helps if you have any questions or any issues you can contact us via the members online side or at digital-media-team at cfa.vic.gov.au thanks bye


Righty, so we have a really interesting, juicy video to make today for you guys. I just wanna remind everyone at the beginning of the video that everything that is said in this specific video, especially, is rumors and speculation and nothing is certain and nothing is factual until announced by Cedar Point or by any park in terms of any videos that we make. So until you hear an announcement from the park, nothing's official. This is all hearsay, speculation, rumors, and yeah, so let's just jump right into it. So as many of you know, Cedar Point about almost, maybe like, I don't remember when. Okay, maybe like two, three weeks ago, correct me down below if I'm wrong, Cedar Point made an announcement that they're gonna make an announcement on December 11th. A lot of people didn't put too much thought into it.  And then you had the majority of people being like, oh, like probably just past perks and stuff like that, blah, blah, blah, going back to their history and roots in terms of like banners, signage and all that. Tony Clark even tweeted something about just a reminder, enthusiast, blah, blah, blah. This is just something, don't expect something big, blah, blah, blah, PR, this, PR, that. But nonetheless, here at Amusement Insiders, again, this is hearsay. Supposed information, we came across a number that Cedar Point is gonna see about $70 million funneled into attractions and upgrades, excluding out-of-park upgrades. So keep this number, just keep that in mind. So $70 million over the next five years is being invested into Cedar Point that does not include outside of park infrastructure like parking lot, resorts, blah, blah, blah, if that makes sense to you. So we've had that in the back of our mind. And for any of you who've been paying attention to Canada's Wonderland, in the past, Canada's Wonderland has had attractions stolen, per se, if you wanna use the word stolen, or delayed for Cedar Point. So for those of you that don't know, Val Raven was a last minute addition to accompany the hotel renovations. They were showing soft bookings and pre-bookings and they were showing soft sales. So Cedar Fair made the decision to build Val Raven at Cedar Point to draw attendance and delayed Yukon Striker. This is confirmed, this has been greatly confirmed by both parks that Yukon Striker was meant for earlier addition and it was delayed to make room for Val Raven over at Cedar Point. We're now seeing things being delayed at Canada's Wonderland yet again. So for those of you that didn't hear, the hotel at Canada's Wonderland has a 2021 proximate opening date for Q2 and this might also push back attractions at Canada's Wonderland because usually when you have a hotel opening, you want a coaster opening in the same year. So it looks like things maybe have been pushed back or pushed forward or moved around. So this could be good news or bad news for Canada's Wonderland. We don't have that information yet. So for anyone that's a Canada's Wonderland fan, stay calm. I don't have any information about Canada's Wonderland in terms of a coaster year yet. I do have a pretty good understanding of the next five years at Canada's Wonderland and that's through conversations that we've had with park officials and stuff like that. And I'm just kind of dropping little apples here and there for us to kind of digest. Anyways, nonetheless, let's get back on topic, Cedar Point. So with that in mind, Canada's Wonderland has been one of those parks that usually if you see a delay or something pushed back, it's to benefit a park like Cedar Point and Cedar Point. Only that's all we've shown so far and there are rumblings. So we're hearing rumblings in the coaster community that make the information that we have at amusement insiders make sense. So all that I just said, I wanted to say first before what I'm about to say. Sorry, this is really late. I've had a really rough day but I wanted to get this video out because I was like, oh my God, the information that I have makes sense now. So we're hearing rumblings and I'm sure a lot of you have been thinking this that Winterfest could be coming to Cedar Point in the next year or two and that might be part of the announcement on December 11th. For those of you being like, no, there's no way. They've already said in Stockholm's calls that it wouldn't really make sense at Cedar Point, blah, blah. Or you've heard like park officials say that. I'm here to tell you that Canada's Wonderland had one of the most successful openings of the event I've ever seen. Winterfest was so crowded if any of you were paying attention to us on Instagram. Amusement insiders, plural on Instagram. If you aren't already, go follow us. It was successful and if Wonderland can be successful and busy, I'm sure Cedar Point can because boy, does Cedar Point slaughter Canada's Wonderland in terms of Halloween Haunt attendance. For any of you that paid attention, that park was swarmed by gold pass holders trying to get into Halloween Haunt for the last month of operation at Cedar Point. That tells a business you can open up in November these people will come to those months as well. And as Cedar Fair has said, there are already 200,000, 300,000 season pass sales units ahead of last year's sales current year to date. That's significant. That's a large number. And to get more specific, I'm hearing that that number is about 120,000 gold pass sales at Cedar Point alone for 2020. 120,000 gold pass sales alone for 2020. That's a number that is alleged. Okay, I'm using the word alleged for a very specific reason to save myself. But nonetheless, that's a large number. And boy, do they need investments and they need investments badly. So as many of you know, Cedar Point has also purchased a resort close to Cedar Point and that's a very big purchase for, I don't know the exact, I think it's Saw Creek Mill or something like that. Again, comment down below. Cedar Point has purchased it. It's a very massive golf resort and they're renovating it to reopen. So Cedar Point is expecting large attendance numbers throughout 2020. Again, that's going to continue into 2021. It is a great deal to gold pass and people are going to buy it. And if Cedar Point throws Winterfest on top of that, you're going to get even more people buying the 2020 or in 2021 season pass, gold pass for Cedar Point and attendance is just going to keep skyrocketing. And this is exactly what Cedar Point and Cedar Fair want for Cedar Point. So what does that mean? It means more investments. This is something that we've already known. The $70 million number that amusement insiders has been sitting on makes so much more sense now. That's like two Orion's in a five year period, just to put that into perspective with 10 million to spare. So that's a large number. So what could they possibly be doing? Well, wouldn't it be crazy? Let's just say, okay, I'm not saying that we believe this or we think this, but let's just say December 11th is a lot more important than you think. For those of you that don't know, December 11th is 150 days until opening date. There was a very specific reason they chose December 11th to make the announcement. It wasn't last minute, it wasn't blah, blah, blah. It's a very specific date. It's 150 days until the opening of Cedar Point's first day of operation. And let's just say a family, like wouldn't it be crazy if Cedar Point added a family coaster or a kid coaster in 2020 and then a big coaster in 2021? I think it would be a little bit crazy to see that. I'm not gonna say that's happening, obviously, because it's really late. This isn't like Cedar Fair to make an announcement like this. They usually like to make their coaster announcements when they start selling season passes. So I can't really see it being in a massive coaster. I mean, a lot of people are hoping for that massive GCI model, but from what I'm hearing from my app, that's been sold to a Chinese park or a park somewhere in Asia. So I can't see Cedar Fair getting that dueling mass of GCI coaster, but I definitely see a GCI or a flyer in the future for Cedar Fair, but does that mean it's coming next year? No, not at all. If we're get, if Cedar Fair were to invest in a coaster at Cedar Point for 2020, and let's say if it wasn't last minute, or if it is last minute, I really honestly think that that would go down the kid family route. So I'm just saying wouldn't it be crazy if they were to make like a little family kid announcement for the 2020 season on December 11th with Winterfest packed into that. It sounds really crazy, but the numbers are adding up and it makes a lot of sense with the information that we've been kind of sitting on at amusement insiders with these new rumblings that we're hearing coming and going through the coaster community. I would love, I'm really excited for the December 11th at Cedar Point. I wanna hear from you guys now. I don't wanna make this video too long because I have a tendency to ramble on and on with my thoughts in these videos because I don't like to write a script for myself for those of you that know. So I tend to ramble. I'm gonna stop myself. I've said everything I need to say. So I wanna hear from you guys in the comments section down below. What do you think the announcement means through Cedar Point on December 11th? What are you expecting and what would you like to see because things are getting interesting with the information that's going and circulating around. Is it gonna be a coaster? Is there more to the announcement? Is it not gonna be a coaster? Wouldn't it be crazy if it was a family coaster? Who knows? But I'm definitely gonna sit down and take a bet that Winterfest is coming to Cedar Point in either 2020 or 2021 based off of the success of Howling Haunt and the Gold Passes. It just makes sense. It's going to happen. For those of you that are Cedar Point fanboys or that's your home park, congratulations. I'm promising you for the most part, hopefully that Winterfest is coming to your park in either 2020 or 2021. Let's hope it's 2020 because honestly it's one of my favorite events now. Anyways, hope you enjoyed this video. Again, this speculation video. Don't forget to hit that like button, subscribe if you haven't and share this video for others to enjoy. Thanks so much for watching guys. Have a great one. Bye.


Testing testing unmuted. All right. Melissa. Can we test your microphone? Hi. Can you hear me? Yeah, okay. Yeah, it was a little muffled there for a moment. I was just waiting for something else. All right. I think we're okay Can you see the screen? Are we all good? Yeah, we're on the screen All right. Hey, can you hear me? I can hear you perfectly Okay. All right. I think we're okay here again. I thought you were a little muffled when he's Speaking here. So all right, let's just get into it with a two cents intro and you're on you can find our fifth presenter at this Stock Swoosh, please welcome. Melissa Armo in great day to be here big saw from the market today and Again, my name is Melissa Armo and I own the stock switch for those of you who don't know what I do I focus on gaps and we're gonna talk about that tonight, but particularly I Do focus on shorts so the market gap down today and sold off big time And we're gonna run through the webinar. I prepared tonight. I did put a slide into the market if we have time I can pull up some charts here see what the market's doing after hours But today we're gonna talk about how you can learn how to read and train the patterns of institutional money and gaps So this is me for those of you that don't know me. I own the stock switch I also appear regularly on Fox business and Fox news and I talk about the stock market So it's very interesting. I've been talked about the market for the last few weeks And I've been discussing about the fact that I thought there was a potential for the market to rally at some point December But I didn't have a hundred percent conviction that the market would make new highs by the end of the year And after the sell-off today, I definitely do not think that that occurs now I could be wrong the market could make a new high But there would have to be a tremendous amount of what we're going to talk about tonight Institutional buying that would have to come in to turn this market around because we just fell so big and so fast today So if you have any questions, you can email me at Melissa at the stockswish.com or call me at 9 to 9 3200 gap So let's get right into it. What I'm going to talk to you about tonight is day trading Okay, I'm going to talk to you about day trading You could day trade for a living if you want to but you have to have a Structure so for me my structure means I get up in the morning Prep and decide what stocks I want to trade in the morning I have a rating system that I rate and I do all of this before the market even opens Then I have my list of the picks then I watch them then I wait for the setups into the open I'm usually in trades between 9 30 and 10 and then I'm in and I'm out So that is how I do it and I am very structured like I said So we will talk about this more and some trades here So if you've never thought about trading for a living it is possible even if you don't live You know in New York now I happen to live in New York But it's not like the olden days where you had to move to New York and work on Wall Street In fact many of the hedge funds of many of the big firms are actually not even downtown anymore. They're in midtown So it's very interesting. You can be a trader You could be a full-time trader and you can live anywhere in the world You can you don't even have to live in the US You all you need is an internet connection at a brokerage account and one of the reasons that many people that live in foreign Countries like to trade the US market is because the US market has a lot of volatility and momentum and today was a great example of that I'm trying to look here through the questions. I'll try to go through the questions as towards the end here How does that sound everybody if I see him on the side here? Anyways, this was the results from November I'm not going to go through each ticker symbol here today because I don't have time But you can certainly go to my YouTube look at some of the trading room videos and the reviews of some of these trades You will see here though. It's pretty obvious that I'm trying to stick to one ticker symbol a day Maybe two but I really do try to stick on one thing because all you need is one Traded day to be profitable and also the less trades you take guess what the less losses you have So I find that less is more if you want to make a lot of money In the market now I did clip this here This is the spy so I'm just gonna review this briefly But what I focus on is gaps so this is very interesting and again going back to what I was saying about volatility the market closed here This was Friday Okay, Friday we had the rally last week the market had a big gap up here This was the day the Fed came out with some news the market liked it rally big Then we gap down then we open neutral then we rally this was Friday Then we gap up so for those of you that don't know what a gap is a gap is a difference between the close and the open So the close of this gap here again. This is Friday was around 275 and change Then we had a huge move This was overnight after the summit and we closed here and we had a big gap up to start out Monday morning So actually what happened here was buying So the only way that the market and again i'm looking at the spy Uh, the only way that this could have gone from 275 all the way up over to 80 Over night So this is from four o'clock Friday night until 9 30 when we open to Monday morning The only way that happens is what it's fine. So institutional just listen to what i'm saying here Institutional money came into the market And bought it from Friday night overnight in the post market and in the pre market Into Monday morning the futures were up. We were up big Sunday night. I mean I saw it as soon as the futures open And then what happened? Then This is again the close of Monday. We did not follow through Monday. Meaning we didn't follow through higher Okay, so the market gapped up, but then we didn't follow through There really was no play here on the actual day on Monday to play the market Now I try to focus on stocks But I do read the market because i'm talking about it a lot on fox And so i'm talking about the market today because of the sell off Anyways, what happened here was this so then we closed Monday. This is four o'clock And then we gapped down now. This was a baby gapped down that happened, but what happened is what? The weight the weight of this gap down took it and once the selling started to come into the market today Again, we closed here and we open here. So this isn't like crazy But once the selling took over it like had this by the throat And then it died and that's what happened. This was an a really really big sell-off today in the market I mean there was no denying it and if you wanted to make money today, you pretty much had to be short something Um somebody's saying something about what? Let me see if I can back up Um, how do you how do you institutional money entering you never answer this? What's your question? I don't understand your question michael Maybe if you can repeat that for me So why would institutions enter and exit the same day? First of all There was no exiting and entering the same day So let I mean if you want me to go back the I mean if you want me to talk about the market specifically The buying came in overnight here and then you had selling that came in the next day So it's not the same day, but I will tell you this and I don't want to get too off topic here We can go over this if we have time when I'm done with the lecture that I'd prepared But I will tell you right now There's a lot of different institutions in the market You have abc hedge fund. You have this bank. You have that bank. They're not all doing the same things So that is why it is extremely important to make good choices and decisions to read it right because You may you did have buying that came in and I will tell you right now That the gap that happened in the market from Friday night to Monday Was the biggest gap that ever happened here in the spy going back to 1999 Which is almost 20 years because I looked at it Monday morning So that buying was real the sell-off today was real as well But to answer michael michael's questions No, you didn't have the same people come in and flush right out And again, we'll talk about that more when I have time at the end But the long and short of it here the synopsis Hopefully this answer is michael's question for now is that I'm still bullish on the market I'm not screaming jump up a dad and sell the world and short the world today after the sell-off I'm talking about today specifically because if you want to learn what I know And you want to trade with me you're going to be focused on day trading So the market today was a day trade That's a big difference than long term long term the market is bullish And I don't believe we break the trend unless we have some kind of war that which you know that could happen Um, anyways, let's get back to this and then I can go back around and just pull up the chart of the market And maybe answer that more specifically at the end But what you want to look at on in any chart is the gap itself And then I prepare by rating it and I have a 26 point rating system Now what was another move today aim at I'm just going to show you this one here again. This closed here gap up Again with the overall market. This was from friday to monday then it gap down Didn't really go anywhere on monday today was the play today was a short So this move went right into the target and fell like a brick This was working in the morning as a sell-off before the market started to break So when you're when you're trading what you want to look at is the footsteps of power that come in Because if you can trade with that move, guess what? It's going to be a lot easier for you to make money when you're going against that power It's difficult and you know what I mean and we don't scalp. I'm looking for a move.  It's not going or when you're up It's just like pennies when you are an active day trader And again, we're talking about day trading, which means you're in and out You're in after 9 30 and you're out before 4 not doing post for pre-market trading But anyways, you are needing that you have to have that momentum. You have to have that move Okay And usually we're looking for a dollar or more Anyways, I usually focus on only a 30 to 60 minute period of time in the morning to trade between 9 30 and 10 Sometimes we'll be in trades later today. Amat was a later trade, but Most of the days I'd say of the 200 plus trading days of the year. I'm in and out very very quick Now here was the aim at talk about institutional selling you see where it happened now again This moved before the market fell like a brick the market did help this move But it didn't do anything for this in the morning This fell and actually you could have captured this and been out of this and in this and the first 15 minutes of the day Here's the gap down in amat stock close to your gap down. This is the first 15 minute bar So you see here where it opened around 38 and change and the low of this bar is 37 You could have played that first bar got out that out in the first 15 minutes It'd been done for the day and walked away the fact is that it kept going But if you do a trade in the morning and you're upright at ways You can take it and be done and just leave but the market fell later And it was around this period here. So this didn't back up at all So this did not back up whatsoever at all It had the market going with it and then it dropped like a brick and that was the rest of the sell-off So that was the second move in amat and actually you could have played this here for a teeny wee little move This is very very late after three o'clock But anyways, this is institutional selling that happened in amat But this started let me get back to the amat That started before the market fell and this would have fallen anyways Okay, it's what i'm saying but the market helped it So sometimes you do have the market if you've got it in your direction of your stock and it helps you But I usually am looking for things any day that are going to go on their own But sometimes you get a bigger move if you have the market helping you now This was a couple of weeks ago Early november another really nice gap really nice move ctrp Stock closed here gap down open drop like a brick gap down again fell So here's where we closed on this day. This is the previous day back in early november ctrp Gapped down it gap down to support So I rate it and I said wait a minute were people going to buy it or people going to short it I said people are going to short it and then we short it And what tells me that is the rating system another big nice move I didn't look this up what this did today, but just on this move here alone You can see the stock was at 34 the night before and within three days down the stock almost lost two dollars A low was around 25 something so eight bucks plus that is a big move for stock to happen That is institutional selling and the case of ctrp that came in and just went straight down like a rock Then there was navidia a really nice one that happened This was in the middle of november a stock closed here gap down This fell on the second the first day But the second day was a much much bigger move in the navidia and again if you're looking to day trade You are really just doing it and getting out you're in and you're out Okay, you are in and you're out and sometimes we're in and out in minutes This was a big trade here though in navidia. This was the second day though Entry was short and you can do this as an option too. So we're talking about the day trade here Which is the equity trade, but if you could have done this as an option I did call an option in this too if you wanted to do it that way the gap rating was high The gap rated 24 points per my system. So the higher the raining the higher the odds trading is all about odds It's high odds in other words getting back to us any about the market low odds The market makes new highs before the end of the year. Is that possible? Yes, is it high odds the answer is no It was not high odds even when I talked about it on television the week of Thanksgiving And it's even lower odds now could it happen? Yes, but low odds So you don't trade low odds you trade high odds because not every single trade that you take is going to work And that's the other reason that I use a stop. So the stop in navidia was 156 76 boom You're in a thousand shares was the risk. This is an advanced risk Did the ad and an ad tells me that i'm getting the confirmation Amat was the same thing today and actually if you played the market too So I want to get the confirmation that it's going to have a bigger move than I anticipated Then I take more so it's like you play it hard when you get it You play it really hard in those days so that you have the big days because some days you may not do anything at all And some days you might have a loss So when you get it and you get it really good and you get a really good gap, which this was again 24 points You play it to the nth degree. So add Price than average price was 153 93 2000 shares total beautiful move down one even further than that it went to a sick number On that day, there was absolutely ridiculous, but it was a huge trade Went into the next number was really watching for 149 broke it bounced out, but this continued And actually going back to this chart here Um, you could have done this as a put and I had called a put on this day It broke into this second day But you know, you could have you could have this is just lower. I mean navidia again I didn't look at this today, but I know it's lower So and that this is on its own without the market too Any questions so far about gaps And again, I'm going over shorts because Because I mostly focus on the shorts and the reason that I focus on shorts is and what's the irony is that the market's bullish Even though we saw it off today is that selling move happens quickly panic happens. There we go Kim said it they fall faster So I do like the fast trains the faster you're in the faster you're out the faster the move You're the less at risk So I in an ideal world I'd be out of every trade by you know 945 You can do an option trade as a day trade. Absolutely. Yes, you can Navidia was a good example of that the expensive ones to spy Could have done the spy today as a put as a daily put it You could have even done it late today and it would have been profitable because of the drop-off You could have bought a put in the spy today But you wouldn't know you would have had to get it in the right direction You would have had to know it was going to fall You know what I'm saying So I get up in the morning I rate the gap that tells me the directional bias Is it going to follow through in the direction of the gap or reverse? And that is what is the important piece of this because You need to get anything that you trade in the right direction If you do not you will lose money If you do get the right trades and the right stocks or the market in the right direction You will consistently profit it is it is about high odds when you trade which means the consistency has to be there This is not about getting every single trade That is a winner because that's just not possible And if you think that you need that then you don't understand what the market is But that is why you have to be strict with yourself with money management Meaning every trade you take should have the same or equal risk and you also should put stops the stops are like the insurance It's the protection. So whether I take 2,000 shares or 10,000 shares or something if I ever would I'm use a stock and we are always trading ticker symbols that have volume. I do not trade penny stocks I do not trade crap We trade stuff that really is being traded by institutions Not the no-namers and most of the things you would know you would know you would have heard of them Uh, let me just see a couple questions here I know there will be a big move the rating system tells me that that's what I teach in my course I go through the 26 points if it rates 20 points or more I know it's going to go in the direction of the gap and have a big move Then I get the confirmation when I get the setup. I'm never in the trade in the pre-market. I still wait I still wait until the open to take it If it gaps you if it gaps you will sell immediately or wait for certain minutes No, I'm not I'm not selling anything at all. I have to wait for the setup So in the class I teach the rating system and also to the entries. I'm not necessarily in every trade at 931 I'm never in anything at 930. I might not take a trade till 10 I don't know exactly when it's going to set up until I see it live and that's the That's the skill. Okay, that's the skill of becoming a day trader I've been doing this for 10 years and actually I've been doing gaps for 10 years, which is a very long time A very very very long time to do one thing. That's one of the reasons I'm very good at what I do It's one of the reasons I'm talking on fox So when you get good at one thing you can become an expert and then you can use that skill to make money If you do not good at one thing you're jumping around at a million different things And some you'll make a little some you'll lose a little some you'll make a middle and at the end of the day You're nowhere You have to get good at one thing if you want to do well There's too many people out there that are doing too many different things That is the worst thing that traders can do and it is the most it is the most common things that traders do and and I I could say I got lucky or it was just fate that I got on to gaps early in my career But I did know that I really only needed one thing to make a lot of money And that was you know, that was very a smart and wise decision for me because it was it was the truth And in all the years I've ever traded and now since I've had the business for the last six years I've realized that uh many many people just jump around One minute they do futures and then they do bitcoin and then they do forex and then they're doing swing treaty And then they're doing options and then they're doing this and they just never get good at anything And then they flip around and it's just waste time I think when you like whether you like this concept that I'm discussing with you tonight And hopefully you do if you do you can you can call me if you don't Then find something else that resonates with you because it really has to number one fit your schedule You have to be able to trade between 9 30 and 10 a.m. In the morning No matter where you are in the world and I'm talking to eastern time So it has to fit your schedule You have to say oh, I get what she's saying here. This this this makes sense I see the concept Because the concept of gaps themselves and the momentum and today again was a good example because of the market sell-off The concept of playing on volatility and big moves and in that in that post pre market action The concept i'm telling you it makes sense and many many people that trade gaps don't do them right I I mean I just know that that's one of the reasons why I had to create my own system Because there was so much stuff out there about gaps and a lot of it didn't work and then I said well This doesn't work. This doesn't work. This doesn't work But then when I would do things I would see there was something to them And so then I created my own methodology, but it really is about the focus and in an ideal world I ever do one ticker symbol a day Tomorrow the market's closed. So there's really nothing to look at tonight I don't know what that means for Thursday morning action But I know there's a bunch of stocks reporting earnings Thursday morning And I do think we have action Thursday because of the market sell-off You can find gaps every day. There's more in earnings season than not earnings season But yes, there are gaps every day whether they're good ones or not Whether they're good or they qualify per my system 20 points or more is a different story Sometimes I'm rate five things and I don't like any of them. It may rate 17 18 19 Then I don't do anything. It has to rate 20 points or me for more for me Why do I choose gaps to day trade because they have big moves and I'm a day trader So you get in and you get out I don't want to invest in something and be in it for weeks and days at a time and in this kind of volatile market It's really not a good idea to be in stuff law overnight that long anyways Unless you really are in a retirement account. I'm telling you stay long the market's a bullish But you should know before january 1st what you're doing with your retirement even still because if you are in a period of time Where you think that you are going to retire I'm telling you 2019 could be nuts And so therefore you can't get scared and sell out of something right a ways And if you're worried about the future then maybe you need to take a step back and figure out where your money is at If you're near retirement or actually even if you're in retirement Uh, you know, uh, is it better to do in cash? Uh Our futures but but but but but but but but but I think you're talking about just uh trading the market If you're talking about trading the market No, you can use margin if you're day trading I don't know why people are scared of margin margin means you are you have the abuse of the money of the buying power For that period of time you're flat every day by four o'clock. You're out. I mean you got to get out So therefore what are you worried about and if I take a stop then I lose what I risk So for another word say I'm just using example say I say 10 by 50 boom and it's a 40 cents So if I take 40 cent risk if you take a thousand shares, that's 400 you lose You don't lose the cost of the position If the cost of the position is 52 thousand dollars in buying power You're not losing 52 thousand dollars in buying power if that position stops out you're losing 400 bucks So margin is you just have to know you have to understand the concept number one And number two you have to know how to use it to your advantage And the advantage is that if you're going to do an end tap nevinia or even the spy You don't have to have three million dollars in the bank to be able to take these positions So you have a margin account. You can trade it a retail broker. You can trade it a prop place Prop places usually require 2500 bucks at a retail place. You're going to need 25 000 to day trade You've got lots of choices of places to go You need to day trade actively with margin or buying power And if you want to make money you need to get comfortable with that concept and understand it Now if you don't know anything about that or unsure then read up about it or you do options options as you pay the cost of it You don't need to worry about margin or buying power But you still if you want to day trade options need to have it set up as a margin account Somebody said they're retiring and they're worried you better talk to your financial planner The rating system you I teach in the class. It's 16 hours I've only got 32 minutes here How much money do you need to trade gaps? That's what I'm saying You have to open up a day trading account a prop place is going to require a decent one a minimum of 2500 bucks If you go to some place that says you can do it for 200 dollars or 500 dollars I'd run like the wind because those places I wouldn't send your money I do the rating in the pre-market Going back to what I was saying hedge funds big banks they control the market They control big money and so far interesting whoever was the person that said it earlier And I don't know we're time we're going to talk about the market But if not, I'll do a video and put it on youtube tonight and go to socks wish and subscribe That that whatever that guy said I don't know what his name was. I think it was Michael It's exactly but that's exactly what I'm telling everybody This year 2019 is going to be so tricky Everyone was saying that 2018 was so volatile this year is going to look like a baby lamb Next year is going to be like a lion for volatility because you're going to see him move like Monday And you're going to see a gap up like that and then you're going to see a sell-off like today And everyone is going to go mad mad and they're going to then say wow Well, they bought today and sold tomorrow. Everything's crazy. No, no, no, no that money that came into the overnight market is still there There's you don't know that that money disappeared today The people that did that are in and the chances that they all sold out today is not high But you had other participants selling out today That's the excitement and beauty about the market You have so many not only do you have a lot of different traders like us You have a lot of hedge funds. Some are small. Some are big Some have 200 billion dollars. Some have 1 million a hedge fund could be any size Okay, you have big banks. Not every bank is doing the same thing either by the way So, you know what I'm saying? It's not like everybody gets in the phone says buy the market sell it here No, it doesn't work like that. And also you have triggers That some of these accounts and retirement accounts too and you saw some of that today That is triggered where a certain sell point is triggered off when it gets past a certain percentage And you saw that in october 2 again. I'm getting far away here. Let me just flip through this SFM was the gap from friday This was a nice move down. Here was the sell-off there Profit on this was 32 40 nice day on friday. This was a quick one 4 000 shares I do with my system with the reigning system. I talked about how much money you need 2500 minimum and a prop account 25 000 at a retail account and I do think education is important first before you trades You know, we're doing and I think the 2019 is going to be very important Why because it's going to be more volatile than this year and if you don't know how to trade or have education You're going to lose and if you do you could have a chance to do very well because of moves like today And you got to capture them and you got to see them and you got to know which direction to trade it So you can make a living trading if you want to but it is all about chunking it out You chunk it chunk it chunk it don't look at like this is the last day You're ever going to trade in the world. You have every day 500 a thousand two thousand three hundred four hundred Every day you're pulling money in and chunking it out I did call this option very late into the close on friday. I'm just going to show you this here The market gapped up. This was friday night gapped up money morning So I called this trade very very late on friday. I saw the buying in the market. This was it This was friday up into 130. This is all the institutions that were buying into this into friday morning in the gap up I called the 280 calls Expiring this friday. It was an immediate win. You just got out in the gap up and it was profitable trade It was 81 return investment contracts cost 160 and you could have sold them for 290 So you bought it friday into the close boom sold it into the gap up a money morning. Okay And you could have made 2600 bucks. This was in the spy But the the benefits of trading options really is you don't need margin But I personally like the day trades of the quick in and out But options are a way to make money also if you can't be in the trading room between 9 30 and 10 So anyways, if you want to learn how to trade, I do think education is important. You can learn my system It's a short time daily. Again, I'm looking at for high probability big move early confirmation of the move between 9 30 and 10 And precise entries. You've got to chunk it out. You can achieve your goals, but you have to be focused You have to be like a laser beam and I'm telling you that you can And if you want to make a lot of money, then you will so I teach the class It's called the golden gap course one strategy one system. That's all that I do So if you'd like to learn the class is december 15th and 16th 9 to 5 cost of the class is 59 99 us dollars You can be anywhere in the world and take it classes online The combo course is 64 99 which is trends in the gap class And I'm doing an early bird through this saturday One price 59 99 for the golden gap and you get the trading room and options later free Through february 28th. So three months free get all my calls like the ones we talked about here today And you get to be the live trading with me and I think it's going to be a great year 2018 was a great year Just quickly here. Let me see the questions How long does it take to rate a gap? Well, I take my time, but if you you know if I wanted to I could rate a gap, you know in five seconds But I like to take my time.  I prep I would say if you're brand brand new give yourself six to nine minutes to rate one gap You know if you want to take your time and see everything and make sure you don't make any mistakes If you're rushing it you could do it like in two three minutes But you know, I don't like to rush it So, you know the better prepared I am the earlier I'm up the earlier I'm looking at my charts You know the more situated I am in my mind and it's just better. I get the rating in the pre market. Yes I think that's it Anyone have any other questions? If you're interested in sign up for the class or the early bird email me at melissa at thestockswish.com If you want to trial you can sit in on the rim thursday and friday for free for two days Email me at melissa at thestockswish.com again markets close wednesday National day of mourning and markets sold off today and we'll we'll see here. Let me just quickly pull up here Let's just see where we're at tonight and then I'll and then I'll swing it on over because I'm Well, we weren't down a little now. We're up a little so we hit down here. It looks like the low we broke 270. Look at that Yeah Thank you everybody. Thanks for having me Okay, we want to thank melissa for joining us because you can find the right the stocks whoosh


Feeling great, man. Good, baby? How you doing? Hey. Let's go. Feeling great, man. Bless. Come on, one. Hold on, though, three, one, two, three. Hold on. We don't talk about this, boy.  Titans, when the toss elected defer, the whistle has been blown, the signal has been given, and we are underway from Nashville. Go on a score right now. We got a punch, one in. Yep, yep, yep, yep. Come on.


I cannot name my character cliche canon characters from other systems. My thief is prohibited from speaking solely in Kant. Character descriptions cannot contain two of the following words, Slavic, tone-dead, karaoke musician. My superhero strength is not classified as snazzy, nido, or bodacious.  My third edition red wizard is not allowed to start a business named Thaco. I cannot forge a one-sword of Brad's men max paladin monk slaying. The following weapons are not legal choices in a duel, steamroller, nerve gas, landmine, midget. I cannot whine about the crappy selection of magical bec-de-corbins. My paladin's heraldry is not a smiley face. My anti-paladin's heraldry is not Mr. Yuck. If at any point, if my dwarf takes on the mannerisms of macho man Randy Savage, he dies. If the party always starts the adventure in a tavern, I cannot opt to start an abrothel. I am not the patron saint of common sense. There is no prestige class drich slayer. They do not make heavy weapons and pump action. There is an upper limit to the number of bozo booster-gangers I can get in a Volkswagen. If the weapon is capable of sticking vampires hiding behind engine blocks, I can't have it. No matter my alignment, organizing halfling pit fights is a violation. In formal introductions to royalty, I must not introduce my companions as just the other guys.  If I get that yugo up to 120 miles per hour again, that's gonna get some paradox. Druids are not against my religion. I cannot convince the solo he had the cortex bomb when he really doesn't. I cannot insinuate elf tricks are all easy, even though you never hear about a half gnome do you? I am forbidden from monologuing. Troll bubblegum, bad idea. My last wish cannot be, I wish we were playing another game. I cannot use my time machine to hire Hitler or Hooker in 1920, thus avoiding World War II. It is allowed to spontaneously check if the elf can take a punch. There is no such thing as monofilament to floss. I am not allowed to do anything that would make a Sith Lord cry. It is not possible to recreate any scene from Doctor Who and Krenos. If I am the medtech, it is generally assumed I am going to have skill in medicine. My character does not get D-34 hit points a level. My Sameti is required to have dots and obstrucate, plural as in more than one, two more than none. My character has no need for 24,000 cartons of cigarettes, especially in a neighbor's garage. Not allowed to use more than three words per game of the GM has to look up the definition. My bard cannot play or is ever heard of the Theramen Digiridu or Glass Armonica. My rocker boy cannot play or is ever heard of the Theramen Digiridu or Glass Armonica. Any character with more than three skills specializing in chainsaw is vetoed. Cannot use the Jedi mind trick to get out of a speeding ticket. Not allowed to give quicklings Mountain Dew.  Not allowed to taunt the rest of the party in eight different languages because they forgot to take any. Not allowed to attend any opera whose name the GM confuses with a strip joint. I cannot keep selling that creepy guy's always-naked elf chick to nomad every chance I get. If the king rewards me with a forest, I am assumed he intends for me to keep it a forest. There is no halfling god of growing shots. If a blackout requires me to impersonate an employee, I cannot build a target for overtime. Superfluous man is not a viable superhero concept. I am not the boogie-woogie-boogle-boy of Gundam Wing Z. I cannot order the druid to transform and roll out. If the other party members forget to take any food prep skills, not allowed to let them starve to death. I cannot blow five paradox in a police lineup, the Candy Isle of Kroger's, the Miss America pageant. I cannot create a superhero that can palm the moon. The following cleric domains do not exist, wet t-shirts, atheism, keggers. I cannot wish nobody else gets wishes. There is no such thing as Skyclad Armor 5. My Highlander's name cannot be McCammer. Gnomes do not have a racial bonus in Bobsled. The barbarian's name does not translate into screams like sissy little girl in my language. When the GM forces the plot, I cannot make tutu noises. Not allowed to attempt to kill the hut by pouring salt on them. I cannot use the time machine to go to ancient Greece where all the women were leather clad oiled down with big bosoms. It is soon my mech warrior knows at least what one of the buttons in his cockpit does. At the end of a black ops, I cannot crank call C SWAT on the target phone. I cannot yell free bird every time the bard makes a perform roll. Mr. Welch is not allowed to speak in third person. My character cannot hear the soundtrack. I cannot derail the adventure for a two hour in character discussion on the qualities of rope. Our best left the character with skills in medicine. No skill allows specializing in defense and illustration. No matter how smart I make my animal companions, he cannot take the tax accountant skill. I cannot commune with the gods during peak hours. I must remember at dinner time rock is not a dwarven delicacy. I must remember at dinner time log is not an elven delicacy. My half ogre cannot surprise the half link with spontaneous games of dodgeball. Anything the DM has to ponder the full effect of for more than a minute is forbidden. I cannot base any elf off of any British prime minister. Thermal nuclear hand grenades do not exist in any genre except paranoia. I cannot get emotionally attached to any generic non-descript unnamed NPC. Even if laughter is the best medicine it still does not restore any of my hit points. I have been assured with total certainty Ralph is not a Japanese name. When the CO asks for volunteers I cannot help others make a decision. I am not from Margaritaville and any of us that doesn't excuse the Hawaiian shirt and lawn chair during the dress inspection. No character of mine can start with 400 previous convictions for any misdemeanor. When asked for advice before a fight don't wet yourself in public as not what they were looking for. I cannot name my character after another PC already in this game. My character does not have the flaw addiction helium. I cannot figure that the dungeons we are in is the Pac-Man maze and pointed out to the rest of the party. I cannot form a huddle to discuss strategy before facing the final monster in the dungeon. I cannot take all the monsters I have killed that attack the dermis after the adventure. Clown shoes have no place in the dungeon crawl. My dwarf is not claustrophobic, likewise my elf is not agoraphobic. When my enemy blinks does not give me an attack of opportunity. I cannot make cold shots with a crucered weapon. I cannot hand out artillery flares to the bad guys of New Year's and tell them they are Roman candles. Spreads to the sea bang bang is not real German. I do not get any XP for anyone I kill by stampeding sheep.


This study estimates the global electricity consumption due to communication technology, CT, from 2010 to 2030. It considers three scenarios with varying levels of device sales, network traffic, and energy efficiency. The results show that the proportion of electricity used by consumer devices will decrease over time, while more energy will be consumed by networks and data centers. In the worst-case scenario, CT could consume up to 51% of global electricity in 2030. Additionally, this study finds that CT could account for up to 23% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 under the worst-case scenario. This article was authored by Anders S. G. Andre and Thomas Edler.


So I have to, I still welcome, thanks for being here. I have to change a little bit as mentioned before, there will be no live demos today, sadly, but I'll be tomorrow in the evening at the showcase with my laptop, hopefully in better condition than and then we can have all the live demonstrations which are, which I sadly can't do today. As the title already said, the thing is about making I-square-C more robust. The motivation for that was that I, as a maintainer form, I'm surprised myself, five years now, when it comes to special error conditions on the I-square-C bus, I found out that the drivers miss mostly the same things. They look different because the driver course and the registers and look different, but at the ground level, the problems arising were pretty much the same. And honestly, I wasn't too sure, I'm a consultant and I'm mainly contracted by Renesus, so I'm taking care of the Renesus I-square-C IP course and I wasn't too sure if those all behaved correctly. And the thing was it was just the problem cases were too rare and pretty hard to reproduce. If, I mean, it's somehow a good sign, I-square-C just works, right? Mostly. So there was, I'm very thankful to Renesus for that. They wanted to have a reliable mechanism to produce these errors and they were funding this as a first step before we now as a second step can go and fix the drivers. And as good citizens in the community, this is all open source and will be available for everyone. And I think it will be very good if more people use it. Okay, here's a little advertisement for the SIGROC project I'm mainly using. It's a bit moot now because I cannot do the live demos, but yeah, I'll mention it because I really like the fact that you have one software, of course, which you can use with various multimeters or logic analyzers. And instead of which each new device you have a proprietary software and have to learn new stuff and this software can do, you probably understand what I mean. This is a short description from their website with I think pretty nice logo. Here also from their website are the design goals, which I think they meet pretty well, especially cross-platform, lots of drivers for hardware. I think this is also where most development is happening right now in that adding new drivers for hardware and protocol decoders, which are super nice and easy accessible because those are written in Python, which makes it pretty easy for people to make something readable out of all the zeros and ones. So especially for I-squashy, you can immediately see where the start, the stop and what the single bits mean. Why is that going so fast? Yeah, I'm not going through all of that. You can read that and check the website. I think it's a lively project, but not surprisingly they could need some more help, especially if you're into GUI coding. I think the guys doing the PulseView program GUI doing a great job, but there are lots of things which still could be done. And yeah, so to show that it's really super simple to measure I-squashy, there's my PC. Well, it's not down there. By USB, I use the open bench logic sniffer. That's a little bit of advertisement, but hey, I like to advertise projects which you open hardware, which is an open hardware project. Costs about 60 bucks. So I think this is both on a private level, doable and also if you want to convince your manager, I need that device, it's not super much. You could get a bus pirate, which is also open hardware and even cheaper, has a little less functionality, but will still do for I-squashy. And we just need to connect three wires between the sniffer and some board. I had, of course, here a renaissance board connected and then you're ready to go. Which I sadly cannot show you and what I wanted to show you was like how to set up, it's mainly just selecting which hardware you're using, which channels you're using, then you give the channels a few names and then add a protocol decoder. Because of the names you have given to the channels, the protocol need decoder knows, ah, this is the clock, this is the data line and then starts interpreting data which makes I-squashy debugging pretty easy. That would have done, needed less than a minute probably. And for the first thing, which is super nice to do with this setup, which is not even an error case, but often done wrong. For that, I just want to give some basics, very, very simple basics about start and stop conditions and bus idle and stuff like that. Because I-squashy wires are open drain, you have to pull down lines, otherwise they're always in the high state. And so bus idle, nothing happens, this is here above both lines, the clock line and the data line are high. So this means everything's fine, Sabi, somebody can start requesting the bus and doing transfers, transactions. Usually, the data line is only allowed to change when the clock line is low, usually. This is what always happens when data is communicated. That means when the clock line is high and the data line changes, this is a special event. In this case, the start event, we start from the idle condition, both are high, and if that goes low, then some master is requesting the bus, this is the start of a transaction. Or as we will see later, it's pretty the same if you have a repeated start. We'll come more to that later. And the other way around, if the clock line is high and we have a transition from low to high, that mean bus is available, I'm done. And remember that I-squashy is multi-master capable, it's not used super often, but once in a while. And all the masters will check for this and then they know, okay, bus is busy, I will wait for a stop until I can start again another transaction. And so there's one terminology which is super important in I-squashy. This is a difference between a transfer and a message. The transfer is really simple, it's everything between a start and a stop. That's the time, thank you. Where the bus is requested by one master and nobody will be able to interfere. Then again, such a transfer may consist of multiple messages. That is usually, one message is a write message and another one is a read message. They need to be different. That read and write need to be in separate messages but they still can be in one transfer. The super standard example is, if you want to read a register from a client, from an I-squashy client, you first have to send data which register you want to get data from. So the first message is a write. And then you want the actual data, so the second message is the read. And for that, you use a repeated start which makes sure that the new message has a clear start and you intentionally leave out the stop message to make sure no one can interfere. So also when reviewing patches, I really make, I try to be very clear, what are we talking about transfer or messages here because it's a difference. Oh no, that won't work. I would have loved to show that you were using SIGROC how the difference looks over on the wires. I sadly cannot, we can do this tomorrow. But just keep in mind that this is really worth checking on the wires. There are some drivers getting in wrong and instead of doing a repeated start, use a combination of stop and start. So that means there's a short time of a bus free condition where another master can take over the bus. So if you send out the first message, the right message to the device you want to read and another one interrupts you, your second read request will get a random result and not the one you want. This is one thing. And the other thing is there are clients, I had one, you send a message to bring it from a default mode into a configuration mode. And after the initial message of entering the configuration mode, you send another right message to configure things. As soon as you send a stop, this condition I showed you before, it will fall back out of the configuration mode into the default mode. So if you don't have a repeated start there, you're writing somewhere something totally else. So this is really the standard case which you should pay attention to because I just recently, we had this on the I2C mailing list and there were guys assuming that this was working and they were looking for weeks, read here, saved our team weeks of investigation on a major issue because they thought their setup was wrong until they really got down to the fact that the I2C communication is wrong. They took it for granted that it's correct. So they were modest and said that's our problem. Thank you, but I think that this should be really, in terms of good engineering, this should be the responsibility of the driver author who should check such things. And as I've hopefully shown, it's not or indicated more or less, it's neither complicated nor expensive to do these kinds of checks. And the same setup can, of course, now we're getting more to the topic used for the error cases I mentioned which are not so easy to see on the bus just by regular hardware because they happen rarely. The most obvious thing is the bus does not work. As I said before, the bus free condition is both lines are in the high state. So if one of those are stuck low when they should not be, that's a problem. The bus is not considered free and we cannot wait for years until they accidentally might become free or not. It's a bit of a problem that I2C has no timeouts defined as M bus has but I2C not, so that's a bit tricky. As I said, I2C can be multi-master so most driver authors for host drivers implement the arbitration thing if they two masters start communication at the same time, one of course loses. They detect that, report that via an interrupt bit or some status bit. And a lot of people implement that according to the documentation. But I'm not sure how many actually checked that in a multi-master setup. So this would be also nice to create an easy scenario where you lose arbitration and then see how your driver reacts. And what might come first, but I think it's, I don't know how useful it is just insert some faulty bits, make one a zero or something like that. I will mention that shorter, shortly later. And so I got this, got the idea. Well, fault injection might be a good start to create this rarely error cases and it is as simple as that. You have a SOC with the I2C brush, here's your client and you wire some cables so that GPIOs will access the same SCL and SDA line. And then you use the I2C GPIO driver to manage those GPIOs with the additional fault injector compiled in. And then you can create strange situations on the bus and check how the bus master driver handles that. Very few implementation details. As I said, currently it is just one block of code inside the GPIO driver store, I2C GPIO driver source, which is protected by an if death. I think this is good for now because the code is not super much. If we start adding new stuff, it might grow much larger than the actual source. So that's the option to do a separate on top of that module but currently it is that way. And it uses the debug FS file system, which I really, if you do such kind of stuff, I can really recommend it. It's super easy to use. You put all your files, which trigger something into a sub directory. And at the end you say, if you want to remove it, you just say remove that sub directory and it will do all the necessary stuff for you. So whoever worked on that props, good stuff. And now this is, I think, the error case which happens most. And which is the one where people want to come out of, which luckily is possible. This is when the SDA line is stuck low. That usually means you want it to read from the device. It sends a zero bit to you and then something happened and it stays on that level because the device still thinks you want to have a zero bit. I wrote some occasions when this can happen. We already had some very, I think it was a propriety first level bootloader where we didn't have the source code which did some I2C transaction but still handed over to Linux. So in the middle of transaction, Linux resetted the I2C driver and we had an inconsistent state on the bus. The other thing, also obviously, when the watchdog kicks in your Linux itself is in the middle of a communication and bam, you might end up with such. And of course, always true, there are broken devices out there, which just leave it in that state. How to simulate that? So there's a file in DebugFS where you write the address of a known device. You have to know that this device exists. And then the fault injector will start putting out that address byte saying, hey, you device, are you there? And the device will acknowledge it and say, yes, I'm here. And this is done by putting SDA low. And then at this point, we stop communication. We're not saying, ah, nice that you're here. Thanks, nice for letting me know. We just stopped this communication at that point. So SDA will be left low. Put this away, it doesn't work, anyhow. And this is what I wanted to show you. I hope you'll believe me that it actually works. And for me, that was a surprising thing because when I tried that with the PMIC, I saw after 27 milliseconds, SDA went up again. And yeah, that after reading the documentation, I saw that the PMIC is a very well-designed device who pays a lot of attention to the detail that the i-square shiba stays functional. It has an internal, so the client device has an internal timer watching the data line. And if it's stuck, it releases this again on its own. So this is pretty, I didn't know that, but this was pretty nice. On another board, I discovered that we have a chip, an external chip just monitoring the i-square shiba's and trying to get it out of this inconsistent state on its own. So lots of surprises if you do that. I would have after that showed you that there's the same doing with the audio codec, which is not so interested in the i-square shiba's, so it does not release the SDA line. If you do the incomplete transfer fault injection to that device, SDA will stay low and you have exactly this condition which we wanted to check. And you can read it up there for that case, i-square shiba's specification for that case has a recommendation how to get out of that because what the client really wants is some clock pulses because it still thinks you want a zero bit and if you give more clocking on the SCL, it says, oh yeah, okay, no, you got it. And some when it will be done with a transfer of the byte and will release the line again. So what you have to do, clock a little bit and always check is the line released or not. And we have a support for that in the i-square shi core. So some hardware IP cores have a special bit which does this nine times toggling to get the bus active again. So you can pass it an own recover routine. If your IP core has just the ability of setting SCL and SDA manually, you just pass functions how to do that and the core will do all this toggling for you or you can specify GPIOs which are also connected to the bus and then also the i-square shi bus will try to recover the bus by all doing this, generating the pulses. I think it makes pretty much sense to have that in the core because there are also some gory details. There's still a patch pending after, we have this for a few months and there's still a patch pending to even improve that to get that rock solid. So the good news is for that, we can have a recovery where we can get out of this situation. I would have liked to have shown you that because I implemented it for one of the Renesys IP cores. It works basically. So if we look at the wires, we get out of this installed bus state. However, the hardware does not report it back the way I expected. So I need to talk to our hardware team how this bit works. But on the wires you could see that it actually, the toggling works and after that recovered from the stuck bus. No, there's one slide missing. The problem with this bus recovery is that a lot of people are thinking this is magic and will solve all of my problems. And I'm very conservative here. I think it should be really only applied to the state I just mentioned which was described in the specification. So if there's one guy, maybe he's here, then we should definitely talk about it who wants to do this bus recovery although SDA is not low. I don't think this is from how far I understood it. I don't think that's appropriate. I think you can still send a stop signal and see what happens. Also a transfer timeout is not really indication of a stalled bus. Some devices do internal operations which last a while. Think of an EEPROM which needs to erase memory before it accepts further writes. So in that case I think you should really just report the timeout to the upper layer for the client driver. The client driver knows the client and knows what the timeout is and whatnot. I don't think you should have that on the driver level and do some bit toggling which might affect other devices. And obviously even people want to do that even if the clock line is stuck low. I'm really confused about that because if the clock line is stuck low we cannot do the pulses. But I have heard people wanting that so we have this on the list. So for me it's really only on the case you want to start a transfer and you don't expect, you don't find the bus free although it should be then you can try that. And I'm really, yes I said, I'm conservative because I understand that people want to fix their things but if they say yeah we did this and it somehow works, that is for me it's randomly. And I'm too afraid that while it works for them it will break things for others. So I really need to be convinced on how to put engineering level to do changes to that part of the I2C core. So this is easy to do but still useful. We can also simulate that the clock line is stuck. For that we have just a file called SCL where you can toggle it to a high or low but just writing one or zero to it. And if you write zero to it, it's stuck low. And then you can try a communication. It should return E busy. And then the upper layer again, the client driver knows okay the bus is busy, no for several times I should really start pulling the reset line or report to the upper layers that here's something wrong. But this is not the place where you should fiddle around with the I2C bus despite the fact that you cannot because you cannot clock. So this I wanted to show you also but it's super simple. You just see that nothing happens. Yeah, this is basically just what I said just before except that I also you see that this case is mentioned also in the I2C specification and it says exactly that. It doesn't say anything about trying something on the I2C bus. It just says do a reset. So this is also why it's a good idea to have if you have an I2C device with a reset line if you have some, if you have a GPIO left populated it can help you a lot. So this already works so far and helped me in fixing the Renesus IP cordless drivers outlook. What I still have in mind is like the arbitration lost thing. I think you can easily do it by getting an interrupt from the GPIO if another master starts the transfer and then just pull the data line to zero for a certain amount of time and then the other master should detect that it lost the arbitration and then you can see how it reacts. I think using interrupts this should be possible. The same for the SDA low case which we have here but without needing an external device. That would just, you just by doing the GPIO, using the GPIO you just pull the line down, count the pulses coming from the other driver and if you're some number between one and nine, if you're happy with that, then you release a line on your own. So I think that would be an addition as well. And the faulty bits I mentioned before can be useful on the SM bus level if you want, they have an optional PEC package error checking byte which is some checksum. I never practiced or used that in real life so far. That might be a good idea to check if the I-squashy routines, no the Linux routines for that are actually working. But it might also be useful if you have some integrity checking on the higher level again then so you could check for that. I think TPM might like that. And of course what I mentioned before, if it grows too large, maybe we should have a separate model just instead of just a huge block of if death. So and yeah, a bit rushed and a bit without demonstrations but this is what I wanted to talk about today. I wanted to recommend getting an easy setup to actually measure what you're doing with I-squashy to check if on the wires what really you expect, what happens on the wires is what you expect to be there. Which is very useful already for the start-stop thing or repeated start thing which really must work if you don't want to have or other people to have unexpected problems. We have now the fault injection for using the I-squashy GPIO driver. I gave a summary of what can be checked against already and what I plan or have as future additions. And I gave a small outlook on the bus recovery thing, when to use it, when not because there's also quite some confusion or misunderstanding and this is my view on that matter if you have a different one, just meet me here at the conference, I'll be here all the time. I think we'll have a few minutes for a few questions but all write me a mail, use the I-squashy mailing list to discuss but you've already been warned that I have a very conservative approach about that. Yes, okay, that was an interesting talk for me because of all the challenges. Thank you so far for attending and having the patience and thank you very much for that. And yeah, I will allow a few questions. Well, I think we have time for that. Thank you very much. So Ben, the first question. Yes, so the question was, do I have considered to have an actual device and whatever which could be connected which could also do this kind of fault injection thing? And I have considered that. Actually, I have considered a separate device and also we have now the I-squashy slave framework maybe using that. But why I chose that approach in the end was because I wanted to have something really easy for developers to apply and to check their stuff against. Buying hardware was a bit over what I considered the limit. I wanted just them to enable a compile time option, hook up some wires. I think having a logic analyzer is good anyhow and be done with it. So that was a motivation for doing it like this. I'm not, if some of you or someone else does a cheap open hardware open-sourced device which can be hooked onto something, I would definitely buy it. So I'm not against this approach in general. Yes, right now, yes. So the question is my example was just one master and one client. And what happens if there are multiple clients and you start clocking the bus? Do they behave correctly or what happens? So I think a generic answer for what happens is impossible because it depends a lot if the clients are broken or not on which clients. What I do think should be the standard case is that all the clients are in the same state regarding if the bus is free or not. So they should also know the bus is currently busy and another client is doing a communication like the client doing the communication knows, oh, it's my turn now. So I hope the other clients will understand the clocking. Oh, it's not for me. And whenever they see the stop condition, they know, oh, now the bus is free and I can start listening for my address again. That should be the standard case for correctly working devices, but we all know hardware. Can you repeat louder again? I see. So if I got you right, you're asking if I considered doing fault injection on the driver level. So like raising an arbitration loss case once in a while or something. I haven't considered this as a generic framework. I do it once in a while just hacking the driver in just setting a bit in software. I don't have, well, from a gut feeling, this is too driver specific to be generic or the overhead would be, I don't know. I'll think about it, but that's, I just can tell you my gut feeling right now. If you have an idea about that, we can talk maybe about later about it. Technically, it should be enough. Every client should check every time for a stop condition and go back to the, well, basically reset their state machine. I have, I recall an email communication where someone said that's not enough, but they didn't have a reproducible test case for that. So I was not very sure how well the problem was understood. And if it was understood, one stop at the right point might have been enough. So there, my answer, I still think one stop should be enough. And I want to be proven false with some not random data. So it looks like not more questions. Then I say thank you very much again. Have a nice lunch and see you later at the conference.


British heavyweight champion Tyson Fury has repeated his intention to knock out Deontay Wilder as a pair made weight in Las Vegas. The two rivals were made for a third time on Saturday at T-Mobile Arena, the Britain's WBC heavyweight title of the line. The undefeated Fury 30-01 who battled Wilder to 42-1-1 to a draw in 2018 before taking the belt from the American 20 months ago picked up where he left off in Wednesday's heated news conference. Fury and Wilder both came in at the heaviest they had ever fought at. Fury weighed in at 277 pounds and Wilder at 238 pounds.