Testes testing these nice you guys got me. All right. We are live here Rust Belt mechanics Sunday sermon coming at you live right from Casa de Rust Belt right here with the captain run one of Special guest hosts coming in we have got George from over at junk from work George boys Not too much just enjoying the Easter hangover. I guess just trying to digest that turkey down Stay awake long enough to finish this live stream. Oh, that's kind of my main goal right now I actually do have something right here. That's gonna help me with that. This is a yeah, wait We're he's a turkey turkey first.  I don't know your markings of that. Hey, hang on.  Yeah, I don't know if I don't know if I've ever heard of anybody doing a turkey really. Oh Yeah, no, that's like ham or something like that. I Mean not like a full turkey. That's that's straight-up Thanksgiving here. Oh You Americans with your with your life Yeah, I'm not seeing people I am not seeing people either because You I haven't gotten a notification yet We are we just broke everything I'm not in the driver's seat That's see that's a problem. That was a big. That was a big issue. I know it's probably that issue No, no, I have no notifications.  Oh We love our internet up here man Canadian internet connection we're gonna be lagging all day We just got Okay, we don't have chat Okay, no, no, no, hang on give me the mouse I fix this. Oh, yeah, okay, I get them on my What's up, man But it says the streams offline and I remember I'm pretty sure last time we had to pull YouTube's chat over here when we did this Why is it not over here though because that is chat between you and him That's a strictly chat on Google. We're off that for this. We're off to a flying start here Some kind of hiccups I wouldn't know it's only uphill on chat goodness. How's that sound? I mean, I want this to work. Well, I do too, but we're not gonna fudge around with it for 20 minutes Give me the mouse and you talk and I'll figure it out. I can talk. I can I can talk all I want to know paper What's up dirty old wrong you figure out your thing and so so we I'm sorry Jason. I apologize old car auto guy I did not make it to your live stream chat for this one But I did hear about your sponsorship some lovely beard Sponsorship for that one. Did you pick up? What was the actual? Sussex Yeah, that's right something like that suffix Sussex was the Sussex was the company that he is partnered with I believe I gotcha. Yeah, I was definitely passed out at my mom's house after A lot of Easter pizza. Yeah, Easter pizza. That's the thing That's a little you know Well, that would have been a better idea get a little more pep in my step like I am about Yeah, five minutes away from popping these pants of mine off and really get G stream sir listen if I already told rust belt if I can't work blue. I got I got a step back here He's got to be fresh like funky fresh fresh to death If if anybody doesn't know we've got live in Stream right here.  Let's like next level for what we're talking about We're mixing like it's okay. It's okay. It's okay.   It's me. God. I just want to prove it make sure we're good I think I'm from work should have do you remember Remember the movie Zoolander David de Kovne's character. He was the hand Chamber around his hands You have to get hand insurance here soon Every night boys like I'm just you know full-blown trying to keep And hey, that's what he needs to work for he needs to work for a sponsorship with some sort of hand lotion Oh, man. Yeah junk from work sponsored by Jurgans.  He is up in the Canadians.  I thought you're gonna say what's not Well, he is kind of awesome. I mean, I wouldn't have him on here if it wasn't Listen Ron, I'm not coming after your job, man. I'm just here to hang out. You got you're the right-hand man. That's it But he legit what his name says is what he does it brings Junk home that they're gonna throw in the freaking trash can from work tears it apart shows you how it works and Maybe what made it not work in the first place Not only is he showing you some of these automotive things, but focuses in on a lot of the parts The failure points of them and how they actually work. They're inner workings He actually gets out the scope gets checking in on those things voltage is he's very good with electrical So I would definitely recommend that you guys need to go and check them out now George Yes, as I said earlier, you are a technician trading up. I am right now. Yes, sir Give us an idea. We've kind of gone through on our stream here before with Captain Ron on what the requirements and everything in The training for a technician in the United States are how does that differ? And what does your training entail to become a certified technician in Canada? So so I think the way Canada works is quite a bit different what you guys kind of deal with down there It's I don't know like it sounds to me like deep when the Americans do school It's you you give me all of your money for years and then we give you a piece of paper I'm not saying ours is that much different, but So 6,000 hours on the job training. So 1500 hours a year Once a year you go to school seven eight weeks and you It's a four-year. It's a four-year course to get fully certified as four years So you're not in school the whole time hours over four years Can you do it in less amount of time as long as you get the hours? Yes dealership guys, I know a few dudes that work at the dealership and they were kind of funky shifts I'm eight to five. So for me, I'll just squeak through in the four-year mark But guys will knock it out three and a half years get their schooling in and then you write a Interprovincial certification. They just changed it. It used to be every province would have their own certification The last two three years which I've been struggling with too because the whole curriculum has changed because some provinces were a lot more advanced than others So they kind of even it out over the board And when you're certified you can go anywhere in Canada and work. So yeah four years Seven eight weeks in school every year. So first year you're doing stuff like brakes Suspension tires second-year engines third years your electrical year and fourth-year automatic transmission makes up the bulk of the Curriculum, I guess that's kind of all the electricals in third. Oh, well the trade Yeah, the trade used to be just as much. No, they changed it. I know They had electrical one in the beginning and then they didn't have the second advanced electrical until halfway through the second year Yeah, so yeah, half of my second year electrical class was a refresh of the first year Oh, yeah, because you don't remember any of that crap. Yeah, that's tough to you. We do. Oh god The burps are already starting everybody in the live stream. I apologize. All right Okay, coming in hot, baby, we're getting there. This is going down awful smooth boys. This is 740 mls. I don't know what that's in American, but she's a Milliliter I know what the fight we're five percent. Oh, this does this says 355 ml. Yeah.  Yeah, this a light one boys It's a you know, I got to go to work tomorrow No, but so anyways getting back to the schooling thing. Yeah, what is that?  What's that? Yes, it is Yes, sir So they do have electrical in all four years of training, but it doesn't make up much of the course originally It was actually separate in Canada.  I think that was probably the worst thing I like that down commingling. Oh, yeah, boys. You're gonna learn how to speak Canadian today And I tell you commingle commingle commingulate. I make up a lot of words I like it. We're gonna use that as a raffle word one day commingling an exclamation point commingle You can have a chance to win exactly. Yeah, well, I'm out. That's for sure Yeah, so that's that's pretty much it. So it's nice you get to uh, you get to work As you go to school and the schooling we were talking about this 410 auto tech I don't know if you're in here. I'm I'm really behind on the chat. So just forgive me He did a sweet video not too long ago. He was talking about, um, how much it is to actually go to school Down in the states.  You're you're paying out the nose man. It's crazy Man, just you know, I just Wait, which one's mine this one What's what the fuck's going on here? I'm looking up. You guys are back. Apparently Chinese fire drill. Yeah, Chinese fire. Okay Apparently chat wasn't too happy with the fact that we switched spots Oh, well, come on guys. We got it right. We gotta make everybody happy. We're back to normal. Okay. Good. We're good So so with that one, you know, you said you've got the 1500 training hours per year Now after you achieve the hours, um, what kind of a certification? Um Requirement is there do you have to go to some kind of a testing? Yeah Yes, he actually learned something in the four years. Exactly. Yeah.  You're able to go and work Now what a sec is that split up into the different categories break suspension?  Yeah, exactly, right throw that you in one shot Bad memory. You're kind of hose. Yeah Yeah, for sure. Well, what I ended up doing because you know, like I'm a horrible. I'm a mechanic.  So I have them on a file and then when it comes time I'm just going to sit there, you know, just spinning the ones and twos listening to my sick beats Trying to memorize some of the stuff that I learned three or four years ago. You know what I mean? So Yeah, exactly, right? Yeah, do some remix And Now with the certification after you achieve that certification How often do you have to renew that certification as far as I know that you're set for life? That's it. You got her. You're done Yeah, so it's That's about it.  Just out of curiosity. Let's do some more. I don't I I don't keep up on that very well just because of the fact I legit only work like three miles away from Right now in people gasoline is two dollars and fifty three cents a gallon And you guys are losing your mind. That's too expensive, right? Oh, no, no, no, no, that is not losing my dollar Diesel right now. I'm paying. I think the average right now is about two eighty six per gallon of that's that's three thirty eight canadian Three thirty eight. So we we pay a dollar twenty seven a liter up here. That's on the cheap side Times that by four approximately four gallons are in a liter four Four liters and again just in atv. What's up, man? Thanks What's up guys? So what I'm doing just catching up with chat here We've got jrc in the house for i'm camper jason butchie speedy chicks garage Check four ten in the house. Everybody hasn't checked him out. He also has a channel as well Jake Preston nathan comel. What's up guys? It's good seeing all of you in here, and I appreciate you tuning in If you are just tuning in right now as you can see this other kind of guy that's popping up on your screen is junk Fromwork Subscribe to him. Make sure you guys go ahead and do that one as well Yeah, we're doing like we're doing a fred durst lookalike contest. So we'll Pull up after you guys can vote who's doing the best fred durst. I don't know the ginger fred durst I'm not buying it to be honest with you. It's a Ron Ron you're just From this guy. I don't need it from you man So to be able to somewhat match that one up you've got to turn on your your your face lamp turn on your face lamp See, okay. Yeah, let's see here on the white channel. Yeah, buddy. Who's the whitest of them all mirror mirror on I got that. Yeah, you know what that's we'll have we'll all sit in the sun for 20 minutes, and we'll see who's uh, Who's red as I got this? Oh, yeah, oh that is shocking. You're like the ghost from mario. I'm gonna shut this back I'm coming in ron and a boy Dude, I've been told that I'm so white if I was one of those guppy fish you'd see my heart beating Yo, yeah for sure you're translucent.   There's a touch of rouges in there. Let's be honest We'll call you move on rouges move on move. No, hold on. We'll ron rouges. How you guys like that? I don't know. We'll see come up with some nicknames for ron. We've got killer season. I see your freckles from here Auto diagnostics in the house.   We could have about two or three weeks ago Oh man.  Go check his channel. That's for sure. I'll tell you that right now Yeah, he's killing it. He's done. He's been doing a really good job You know, I've been following between him and practical mechanic. I really enjoyed the one where he helped to Make a backup sensor special little toy week. I'm gonna have to I'm gonna have to try that one out myself Yes, sir. See how that one goes guys. Uh, I'd have to say it's gonna be a pretty nifty tool It's you know, like I'm just looking at the chat right now guys and I tell you some of the best best and bright It's like if we could all get in a room together and stay sober long enough We could pretty much solve all the world's problem. I'll say that right now great channels My buddy's in here. I want to I want to mention him the maintenance man. Go check out his channel He does tool reviews.  They're doing their thing They're test no tools and it's just mad hoes and it's just the greatest So yeah maintenance man, if you're in here man, I want to show you some love you're killing it.  We're gonna see if we can get a focus here This is a Chevy dealership That's fine. You just drive them shits out. Yeah, that's good. Yeah. This is a Chevy dealership and that's an entire line Of duramax Right in the fields. Hey, how many uh corvettes were in there? Uh, I mean all of them that are underwater. Yeah, they're the first ones to go right nice and low Sucked that water up gap in between the trucks. They had one there 35 cars down the drain. Oh Well, that's you guys should drive down there grab some parts. You know what I mean?  I don't give two flying fucks about diesels I I like heating my cab and I don't like a lot of maintenance because I fix these things all day But uh, the price of diesels I everybody runs diesels up here because I don't know they got tiny wieners They need that big old diesel smoke, you know the back, but yeah, whatever.  Give me we are essay. Yeah, exactly. We're on the rupee up here We're just we're trade. We're gonna be trading chickens and your goats here pretty quick But Time we're all finished up So, yeah, so I don't know. It's just it's just kind of whatever diesel the big thing around here We do have you know a huge amount of diesel service that we have to go through And the all over the road diesel guys they get even more of a discount trying to get this stuff back and forth across the country Over the last couple of years They've opened up a couple of more pop pipelines as well as opened up some more rigs and stuff down in the Mexico to be able to process All of the trail that we have now. So that's why Thankfully our fuel prices here in the united states have been on the dl over the last couple of years Yeah, it's been really like I was just in right now. It's probably the highest it's been in a little while For gas prices Yeah, actually it's probably the highest it's been in about two years right now Yeah, we just uh, we just passed another carbon tax because apparently there wasn't enough taxes on gasoline as is and uh, Yeah, it's shot up a hold on hold on It's shot up. Yeah, well boys, let's count it. Uh, can we get this counter going?  So I don't know. I got a half ton pickup.  I'm now the king of diesel is also here in chat jc smith projects Oh, yeah, right there. He has and owns personally more Diesel trucks than I've ever seen in any even fleet that we service through our dealership right now We've got a pretty good service center for this stuff. He owns more trucks than most service centers and fleets actually have so All right, you got to tell me jc over the last year Approximately how often and how much fuel Do you spend even say per month? I want to hear that one. I mean his his running line of fleet the trucks that he has right now is what? 30 Holy christ, that's crazy trucks right there and it's not like he has a big company setup He's working on setting up an over-the-road Hauling business right now kind of just building his little empire out But he also does a huge amount of projects and tearing things apart buying selling He's the king of buying these trucks at auction as well. Yeah, that's I want to see his fuel bills Oh, man, he's got a killer channel for sure.   So yeah, we've been seeing that lots up here guy. I mean a lot a lot of work trucks and stuff too That's you know, predominantly what we deal with at work here Now with your with your certifications everything up there is diesel thrown in along there Or is that something else that you kind of have to add on to your diesel?  You don't really get too much in the specifics different, you know The injection systems you get a little bit into the high pressure injection pump side of things maintenance It was literally maybe four days of study in second year. A lot of guys we have some really How much I'm gonna go through in my like legit like legit I'm getting like maybe a day and a half worth of diesel Stuff in my in my school and that's it. Yeah, I know Yeah, that's the thing and and and it's a huge A huge portion like a big big bulk of work up here, but a lot of the dealerships I mean it's it's that's all dealership specific training guys are just hammering the diesel courses through so The only yeah, we do we get the only thing What else gets rolled in? Yeah, we got to go for ac courses and stuff after to get our certification The environmental stuff appears insane. So you got a you know, you have much hybrid stuff You have to deal with not you know, well not up here. We think hybrids are for queers where I am But further south further About that's like double Yeah, you know, but you know guys like I I happen to be one of the few mechanics.  Just not no valve train.  I can't wait for my sweet electric car I'm just gonna bust him about tickling his pickle over here Yeah, exactly Um, that's that's one of the big things around here. It also is the electric cars. It's it's starting on the coast Everything here in the united states starts on the coast and just slowly works its way inland. Yep Now us midlanders are Like rough and tough and we are the most Pig-headed bunch of people in the world. So our Reluctancy to change is so massive You gotta hang on probably some of the last people to be able to change for this But working here at a dealership that we work at We are forced to kind of be up on top of things Do a small amount just to be able to be Kind of ready for them and Chrysler has been selling a hybrid pacific have pretty well over the last couple of years And the certifications that we have to go through those are actually pretty extensive. You have to go through classes on How no bomb down what's on four to six hundred volts? So that's I mean a big plus They make just about every technician go through that whether you're gonna be working on the hybrids or not You could see the shepherds hook or as they call it the cool. Yeah Yeah, yeah, we did a little bit high you do hybrid training in the first year I think they're just trying to prevent guys from electrocuting themselves So they want to get you a little bit exposure, but we didn't put any hands on shit So I don't know but I I mean I think the the technology there We actually we play around with a little bit of a battery stuff The guy that I work with like the the shop that I work for I maybe I'll give you a little background I guess so I work for an independent shop in northern Canada I've been there for two and a half years and we do predominantly electrical So 85 of my day is electrical if it's got a button or a battery we're working on it and The the guys that I work for are phenomenal techs.  So and he's really into like he's like a super nerd. I'm kind of here for nerdness He's here.  So instead of a lithium ion that's uh, lithium ions with copper and aluminum Okay, everybody's glazing over. Anyways, it's a cool new Because Yeah, so the lto batteries that's going to be the future they're using titanium in with the lithium ion technology It's uh, your depth of discharge is quite a bit higher.  Yeah. Yeah, jrc.  I watched I watched your live stream I think we'll do it all right Yeah, so I think that's gonna be ponytail. It's it's pulling his hair too tight.  So he looks like one of the ninja turtles. It's just incredible Jrc, I gotta give you a shout out man.  I've never shown this on my channel before I figured special occasion It's the mastercraft maximum. This is pretty much our version of the harper Yeah, I like the labels he's got on it. Oh, yeah, you like that Super organized, you know, not really filling. Look at look at these shitty DeWalt tools.  Oh, yeah boys Hey, they make great content for when you tear them apart However, we have yet to see you put a DeWalt tool back together though listen Listen, I will I know I you know what I boxed up.  All the parts bagged up. I might attempt it. I might attempt it. I'll just challenge accept.  I know I I do I did a Milwaukee ratchet anytime that I'm borrowing tools from work.   She works like a hot damn. I tell you but it looks good It looks good on camera, especially along those lines I'm waiting for him to get all these parts and somehow Frankenstein together His tool from work that he has to make tool from where yeah, just a big old, you know Cutting together and make it work. So if anybody doesn't know already, um, if you haven't followed jrc's 54th channel, he has started a new little tidbit on his channel on creating hold on A new little segment on his channel of making Homemade tools that you can use in the shop nifty tools that you know, you can just Be able to make without purchasing So he made one a nice little battery saver with multiple attachments to be able to attach to a different battery a He had an attachment with some spade connectors to be able to three burns to a 12 volt, um, Milwaukee battery, you know, it was pretty cool there But then of course, you know, I get the the first challenge on top of that one So yeah challenge accepted on that one. I Added my eye on this tool on the snap-on truck for some time And I just haven't been able to pull the trigger on purchasing it just because it's one of those tools that you're like man That'd be sweet to have in some circumstances, but yeah, they want way too much for what that tool actually is and does That is one of those things without giving up the ghost that I am going to be recreating Is one of the tools from the snap-on truck To be able to help that one. Hopefully I'll be able to get through that one I'm ordering some quotes for it should be here this week to be able to make that video for this next weekend and Just an fyi I'm going to be asking you.      I think you know Everyone knows what all of these tools are actually used for so that's what I gave them They're sending them of a name to what they're actually used for Brad's workbench. Hold on super nut buster was my old college nickname You're 500,000 mile dodge broke down Not not good derail what we're talking about remember The vehicle Ralph was working on that had when we put it up on the scan tool and actually had a million miles on it What was that? It was uh, it was a Chevy diesel Uh-huh. Oh Scratch it. That's three. Yep. It was Over the road. It was a 2007 that we had in there the only one I've ever seen in my shop to add over A million miles. Yeah, you guys were going Chrysler stuff. So you don't see anything with near that many miles on it It's long since Yeah, I mean Because where we actually live at in the bfe of Ohio, there there is such a yes, it is. Okay. Whatever There is a such a difference in the Um, I would say the classes that there are here in in the bfe Um, so you've got the lower line the lower class of I'm not gonna hate on people But there's people who make less money and there's people who make more money. There is very much Not a middle ground to To the classes that we have here So a lot of the people there either they're purchasing The cheapest cars that we have on the lot Or they're trading in their 2017 ram for their 2019 ram because as soon as that lease or that You know purchase agreement and the warranty goes out. They're buying a new one Didn't we have somebody trade in a 2019 ram for 2019 ram? We have they couldn't get to work properly That's the problem. Um, you know, we because we're an electrical shop So chrysler. I love chrysler because they're just my bread and butter boys. I tell you I made more money on Right Um, but yeah, like it is nice. I get to uh, I get to work on a lot of different shit So that's that's one thing I'm really grateful for being at the yes.      And I'm thinking of myself.  This is We don't want to listen to this guy's original complaint. We're just to be like Yeah, exactly. We'll just hop in the delorean and we'll head to 2019 where we don't have to Radio come on doc jump in here So he so he ends up getting this uh getting this thing and he's insisting we need this thing to work.  I got the dash out. I got this out.  We got our translator out.  So anyways, we end up We end up tracing it back.  It was a nightmare We end up pulling everything back trace it back to this Audio control module was on the outside of the vehicle absolutely We got that Yes, what? Huh gukenslav gukenslav. Yeah the gukenslav and we got it.  So it's just I don't know. It should be interesting to see like like that's that's a pretty I want to say that's not A super common repair that we do but we do the shit like that all the time Got them all jobs such oddball shit and like I like I don't know wrong like I'm curious because I'm almost thinking about maybe moving over to a dealership just to kind of further my training to get to that real high high level of real specific training How much variety do you deal with as a tech because how long have you been doing this? I've been doing this for about a year and a half now Okay, so we're pretty close. I've been about two and a half years, but that's canadian time So the exchange rate we're about the same So how much variety do you have?   Anyway, sorry. Sorry I One of the big things kyle pushed for whenever I started was the fact that they didn't stick me on a lube on an oil change lube rack The entire time i'm there for my internship Because you can't learn anything being on an oil change rack Just doing oil changes. You got to get your hands dirty. You got to get in there and you got to learn They may or may not suck at well changes after this two years, but we'll get there. Yeah Whatever Yeah So, I mean there's you know, if i'm there for my internship or even when I get there once, you know, I get done with school Um, a lot of the stuff that i'm probably gonna be starting off with or doing was UCI's use car inspections Okay, a lot of recalls Some of the recalls I can I can claim some of them. I can't um, but Long story short, I can do most of the recalls. They're not that bad But but you know when it comes to the UCI is it's not always just Uh just chrysler vehicles because we have a car and credit lot that we have vehicles that go to so there's times where I'll have You know a Chevy or I'll have a there was like I think brandon the other cap student. He was working on an Audi the other day You know, so I mean we have a wider range of cars that come in but I'd say it's probably a good 80 20 split on the chrysler side right around there now You you also have to look into the differences in kinds of dealerships So if you are looking towards one of those dealerships to get into my biggest recommendation would be to get in a Not a big box chain store style dealership where they've got 37 technicians Five service writers and you're just another you know number in the book because all they want to do is crank shit out Like they're just hours hours hours.  I'm sure Oh my bad. I'm glad that's catching on. I think we should make that regular Cars off for that amount of time And then expect it, you know to keep your customer base as a small dealership So us as small dealerships we have to be able to take what comes in the door whenever it comes in the door So the technicians that we have Are needing to be more well rounded and well versed across Spectrons of not only Chrysler But as well as anything else that comes in Like Ron was saying as well as having the Chrysler side of the dealership We're a big use car dealer as well So having the use cars that we have to go through And then we also have a car and credit lot Which is a buy here pay here a lot for people who have Zeroed a little credit to be able to still get a vehicle They obviously buy whatever the cheapest cars at the auction are at the time Whether that's going to be a most of the time Hyundai's and Kia right now are the Ones coming. Yeah, so you've got to be able to be you know On on the fence and you're got to be able to jump wherever you need to go. You gotta be flexible. Mm-hmm That's you whatever comes in the doorway.  These 5,500 fords are like we do we do a lot of We do something called a v-max.   I mean everybody shits on these new vehicles, but mechanically they're better than they've ever been I mean, you know, like when's a lot, you know a water pump at 40,000 miles is unheard of, you know, 1973 Fucking, you know, hey, that's just the way it goes But I feel like the electric like do you guys What's the split between electrical and and heavy line and mechanical stuff on the dealership now at our dealership Being a smaller dealership in a smaller volume We see a whole lot less heavy line stuff than anybody imagines. I actually worked Halfway for probably a fourth into my career. I actually jumped ship and went to another dealership Right there and I went to the one that had 10 technicians in there. So I was actually a heavy line Warranty service tech at one of these big box stores and that was By far the worst automotive experience But on top of that It was also one of the best at the time for my confidence of where I was at in my career I was then able to push myself to be more comfortable with doing bigger longer jobs that I Normally wasn't used to That's what she said That's what she said. Oh, sorry. I got to get three of those in Kevin and I are both laughing at chat because oh my goodness If anybody burnt themselves with their pin torches, they got out of the toolcret heads great box yet You mean the knuckle burner 500.  Yeah, what's that? Yeah, it's it's this um this big machine we have that will actually Metal on your arms and The four the forearm swiss cheeseinator.  They take quite a bit to go through customs Yes, how long did how just out of curiosity how long did it take you to get yours? I haven't got mine yet. So whenever Uh, I think I was about a week a boot. I think it was a boot I was a boot I was a boot a week and a half behind everybody else If I remember if I remember but you know, that's that's the price you pay and it's not so much a canadian thing I mean that's partially but I'm I'm like I'm way up in the bunghole here So it for me it is it's a big weight.  I'm ordering. It's it's all Which I'm fine with like it is nice because I get to see all the unboxings Of every that everybody else has done and I get to kind of learn and figure out some ideas and stuff What to expect but uh, let's let's okay since we're talking about let's talk about how great the toolhead's create is I I would hold on Chalker up on him to get over his bird. I want to say How great it was that we had a five minute segment in a video about zip ties damn skinny If anybody can do that one George here I'm a zip tie connoisseur.  I well I was gonna open it up I film on my phone and I don't know how I can't screen grab anything But um, I used I never I didn't actually use the automate app.   That's this nicker rogwin cotton. There's a beautiful shirt.  Jason put a good one in here He said his next video is gonna be 20 minutes on the colored heat shrink. Yeah, I want to see It's a 24 piece heat shrink package Right here. I have some color heat shrink from indonesia that I am I am itching to do a comparison between the two colored heat shrinks. You have no idea. I've already thought about it This one's gonna you're gonna have nothing on this one, but I want to see 24 different functional purposes of heat shrink That would be a pretty killer one Wait, who wasn't that was a tony the technician who put it over his torque bits. Yeah, the color code is That was auto bondan. I think right no, maybe one bondan Yes, I'm pretty sure it was in here And it works on volkswagens zamir some ones convinced on that. Anyway, um I am I am super excited for the uh tool heads crate. So that's gonna be coming. I'm hoping it'll be in next week and uh Yeah, man, this that was made for me. I already did. I actually did a video on an automatic solder sucker Uh, I took a did tear down. We use that all the time And it was a little bit different It's more I guess the one that I took apart was more what you'd see in like an electronics lab But the handheld solder pump.  That is genius like that is Extremely extremely handy to a very very underrated. So I'm and oh, yeah, I'm gonna be taking a look at the solder I'm gonna be taking a look at the shrink like I got the whole like it's gonna be awesome. I cannot wait I cannot wait this I got this back together just fyi Now we're talking So so kyle and I had talked about When we made your crate up like taking something apart and writing a message inside of it Just just so you find it It's like an episode of salt. Let's play er Let's play a game.  I mean, I think I'd have to pay extra for that. That's just extra, you know, extra content for the channel I don't feel right Oh man So yeah, so I'm looking forward to that. There's some cool. Actually, uh after this stream I'm gonna be posting a video where I take a look at a Uh, I do this series. It's called dude.  This is why I replaced it more of What is going into the manufacturing and why they're doing certain things on these on these parts? And it's a four-wheel drive shift actuator off a 2011 ucon. I was blown away by the technology That's in that thing. There's a hall effect sensor. There's a Solenoid it with a with a whole lockout system in it.  Number one? Um guys like erico self main auto jrc get go in there and watch the live and shit out of their stuff because youtube is a Huge like you got to know what to watch But it's an incredible resource for for for learning And go out there if you really want to be a good diagnostic tech Go by yourself in a oscilloscope you can get a pc oscilloscope for about 100 bucks off of ebay Use it do as much work as you can with it look for reasons to use it like um Relative uh relative compression testing is incredible like that is an amazing diagnostic tool You know start or draw test things like that when you can figure out and i'm still working on it like i'm still pretty green But i use a scope as much as i possibly can more or less just because it's a good hold on I got a bad case of visual aids and i feel like a uh Oscilloscope is a great cure for that like it just puts things out in a way And it seems like it's a complex piece of equipment, but really there's not there's not that much to it It's a multi mirror with a screen on it. That's all it is. That's what our the in class i've got right now, which is uh uh Engines engines too i guess it is i guess you could say um our Our teacher in there. He is like hammering home the use of scopes i'm pretty sure his his pickle is tickled every time he Right am i right? That's what she said Yeah, drugs yep drugs yeah Yeah, no definitely the scope stuff is good like we have one of the snap on What snap on varus edge? I think it'll be have with the scope uh with scope out on and yeah, holy christ that thing is Yeah, like because I know I don't know about the crisis stuff But a lot of guys tell me like I know toyota Is they're building a lot of the oscilloscope functionality into the actual scan tools themselves So I don't know how much how much you guys actually know how they do But they don't have the availability of a true scope Not to the point of reading, you know cam and crank value What is which is what I use the scope for primarily is Cam crank correlation codes most of the time on chrysler world at least But they don't have that now sometimes you might be able to pick up slow abs But the actual speed of that Haven't brought the speed up in the processor to be able to Correlate that to an actual scope function, right? So dirty ol ron because we were talking a little bit about this last night um When you're when you're at the point So are you dealing with a lot of communication stuff? Like are you dealing with u codes and and that the module Diagnostics and stuff like that. Are you not quite at that point yet? I mean, I am I am to an extent I mean, you know a lot of the codes that I get are just codes that are showing up whenever I'm You know scheme the vehicle through white tech and and then I go in and kind of do a little bit of research off of those I mean, that's about as far as I take it How much time because this is this is what I'm having I'm at the point now where I think you know I got a pretty good base of of knowledge as far as doing your you know Your basic a fucking power and ground check for you guys for you home gamers If you can figure out how to do a power and ground check to be honest You're better than about 70 of the technicians out there It's that's pretty much all you need for most stuff, but I'm at the point now where the u-code diagnostic stuff I'm having a hard time finding a good A methodology for kind of attacking that how much time did you spend in your big old fancy 800 million dollar course? um going through the The like the the diagnostic on the communication lines. I mean honestly it was uh Night jason it was probably See brother four weeks Four weeks. Oh, that's pretty good. Actually, I mean we went it was uh during one of the courses I don't remember which one it was off the top of my head. I want to say it might have been electrical too We we would have touched off stuff like that Um, we didn't spend a ton of time on it, but we spent probably I'd say a good three or four weeks Um, you know having stuff having stuff developed Looking at it and then you know because they would go out and they bug the cars You go away out you pot it you find out what the codes are and then you have to kind of diagnose and work your way towards that bug you get it fixed so I wish that's the one thing I wish like our because our schooling is so much well so much cheaper You know what I paid my first six. I mean mind you it's only six weeks It's not like 18 years that you guys go. It's like a prison sentence. Um, but it's six weeks So it was $1,500 canadiens. So it's what like $30 us three bags and two Yeah, yeah a pack a heaters and two tall boys. Um But you know, it's 1500 bucks and I don't you can you guys go on I don't know if you have social assistance ei or welfare or whatever down there while you're in school They they do have um Assistance for that one as well You know if you're one especially for the kids the younger guys who are going into it Who are you know single just out of high school? You know just the other on their own. Yes, there is um Assist in that thing from the state that we have also to be able to get through the classes as well Now I went through I was married and also with how our taxes work You get no assistance. Yeah, hold on.  Let's be honest here boys Okay I pay to insure my truck. It's a 2007 sierra and it's bone stock. I've never had an accident in my life $2,500 a year and that's full discount Meet beat that beat that isn't that way? Wait just your insurance is through the government Federal it's a it's actually provincial insurance. So the government owns it So what they do I guess with government insurance is they get a barrel Uh 800 000 barrel and they bend you over it and they just start putting the screws to you because it is I see that one. That sounds like it. I see that one now here here in the united states It's all up to the states on the private market for those And all of the insurance for vehicles is all private. There is no there is no government or Insurance, I'm like hollywood. Oh kogan. I'd be proud to be an american. I tell you that like that is So In that aspect, but the government does stick their nose in there a little bit In that we're acquiring you to have that and there's all kinds of State and federal fines on accidents without having insurance. Oh, yeah, you need insurance See the thing is americans will actually think about you know, is this insurance really necessary in canada They'll you know, if you don't have insurance, it's like 25 to life Like I can go in I can murder somebody in that insurance office and get less time than actually not purchasing the insurance. It's insane The amount how they come down on guys here is just ridiculous, but I mean I don't know, you know America gets a lot of flack and it's from americans themselves. You guys are the biggest self-haters of life We probably pay three times as much though between that and health insurance though Your health insurance is tough, but Income tax here is ridiculous and four dollars for a block of cheese.  How do you how do you beat that? You can't beat that Well, I mean you can't keep cows frozen in a tundra very often You know the exchange rate of I guess All right. Well guys, we're coming up on an hour right now And we that's where we like to keep these things and I can tell already How much you guys are loving this one? So we're probably gonna end up having old george back here on another I would love it actually If i'm thinking what I would like to do maybe the next time i'm on here I would like to give a uh one month subscription of the tool heads crate away to somebody in the chat So I would like to sponsor that junk from work and I think when I hit my thousand subscribers I'm gonna do the same thing. I'm gonna give a month away of the tool heads crate So take a look at the channel for that over there and subscribe In saying because Mr. George right here has his og shirt on right now We will give you guys the Having some of the old things thrown in we will make a Crate for Look back on his videos on a couple of the other guys videos and see what is in that crate And we will make you a custom crate To fit those needs for that one. That is not a problem at all. And you know what? Right here since you guys are awesome and all of you has stuck through the end of the stream. Are we able to do A giveaway right now. No way.  Yeah, well like if I if I don't do this thing like right on the dot.  I hear you man. I hear you got so much Is is set in so hard right now So we are gonna do this one throw it on for three minute timer Yes, this is this one. So we're gonna open it up to the giveaway. It's gonna be exclamation point tool heads LHEA For a custom Tool heads crate brought to you by junk from work Also, if you guys haven't subscribed to his channel, you better get your asses over there and hit Let's get to a thousand guys.  You're gonna you're gonna find yourself over there anyways You may as well just go over there get in now.  It's it's you know My channel because yes my channel because it's the only automotive channel that doesn't have any actual vehicles in it So we just go over there.  We bust stuff apart.  And I really am enjoying this live the live stream This has been a blast the one that I did hold on The one that I did last week was an absolute blast. I'm gonna try and do the live streams More frequently.  This this giveaway. We did not plan this giveaway Uh ahead of time. Am I allowed to get into this or is this uh, is this strictly for viewers only?   We're gonna get you hooked up, buddy. Okay. Thank you. Thank you There is gonna be I've got an idea. Yes. I love this one out there yet one We don't we don't have to tell jim.  I'm sitting there.   I got like a special program made up. It's just popping up left right in center I just love watching the unboxing now one of the best things that I had to throw in there for that was You know, if you guys have seen some of my earlier unboxings on my channel I did some unboxings for a couple of other companies the the truck pack and and stuff. Yeah. Oh, yeah That's right. Yeah, I the thing that pissed me off the most was getting a shirt And having it shrink Right on me. Yes, you know pretty much as soon as it started One of the first things that I just don't shrink you gotta keep that, you know, that's gotta stay loose Shrunk shirts.  How do you get smaller?  This is pure 100 percent nick of roguin cotton boys I don't know we're doing it actually let we're doing like a We're doing like a qvc type of situation. All this can be yours for the low low. What do you guys charge? 35 bucks us. It's crazy.  You can't even buy a tank for that All right.  We are gonna do the Pick the winner for oh, sorry Awesome tool heads crate hit it captain Winner is derrick harvitz derrick reaps art. E. I. T. Z. Mr. Derrick reaps We're really up for forever. Hold your peace. Hopefully you're still in here Best cons out there. Yes. Here's your prize. I hope you are Well, let's put it in. Why wait on him just to twist my own horn because yes, wrong.  That's what she said. That's my third one Yeah The shirt and the sticker for this month They were came from right here. They were captain ron. Listen. Listen. Yes. You may have came up with the idea but The mechanic losing the 10 mil is the cliche like the oldest cliche in the book. Let's be honest You're breaking up. I go through 10 mils. Like I go through beer and this one Boys, so we're just about there. Anyway, jt rideshare guru man. Thanks. I gave him a shout out He's a chrysler tech 20 years of chrysler experience gt ride automotive ride share guru man. I love your channel We got to hear from derrick reaps. Derrick if you're still in the chat. We need you to You're in here because we're not going to give it away to somebody who Wanderers their name in and runs and drew a lost 10. What did he say? I lost three 10 mils I lose 10 mils man. I lose 10 mils like I lose teeth. Um Yeah, so yeah, no, that's awesome the great giveaway. Fuck. Why, you know, of all you guys are doing a great giveaway and I'm on the The stream I could have been in on this action. It's ridiculous. I could have could have but but but I don't think it works that way. Well, what are we gonna chop this one off? You know, we we have not gotten the claim on that one. So we're gonna run it for two minutes We can re we can re roll. Oh, we know.  We gotta hear from brian stole worthy. Check this guys out. I got a uh, my wife got me this cut made It says george second year qualified or qualified Brian's Awesome, man You're gonna love that. Brian. You are getting the Custom tool heads great made for you and you alone Make sure you go over to a couple of the different guys who have done some of the unboxings if you already do not get the Tool heads great if you do I will make you another custom one for this This next month or we'll get it out to you whenever but go in and make sure you watch the channels Watch george's channel over at junk from work. See what you thought about it. Yes And pick out some of the main things that you like from that area Make sure you go over and message me over on instagram or email me over at The rust belt mechanic at gmail.com and we're gonna get you that custom crate out Um, we're gonna take some pictures with it because I like that and that was a bad ass giveaway, man Oh, that is good idea. I'm so happy about this guys. I really This is just the greatest greatest Well, that was an amazing stream guys. I really appreciate it. Give it up for junk from work, mr Even lost a couple of brain cells being frozen up in the canadian lands where you see it I don't I don't think it's because of that I'm pretty sure it's from those like 500 milliliters bruskies. Oh, yeah, and this is canadian beer. This isn't that water you guys drink down there I am feeling Back goodness. Yeah, I'm gonna be late for work tomorrow.     I don't know if I can get away from it That's good for you. Good for you. Well, thank you guys for tuning into the channel every week if you haven't Been catching it up on this one. We'd go live every single week Sunday evening 8 p.m. Eastern standard time in the united states Make sure you check out that one. We're gonna be bringing some guys back throughout that one here in the next week We're gonna be coming out some great stuff on our specific channels. Yep George is gonna be coming out with a video here very shortly. He said he's gonna drop it here in the next couple minutes after Signing off. So make sure you give him a subscription and a bell notification as well Yep, make sure you guys check out tool heads crate If you guys haven't checked that out, uh, we talked about it a lot tonight Make sure you head over tool heads crate. That's t o o l h e a d z c r a t e dot com 35 99 a month gives you some awesome That's what we're talking about. Yep. Thank you again guys And with that one we have it tied up seven to seven on the belchometer. I lost for this one I lost so but I drink we're gonna have to continue this one on another live stream Thank you guys for tuning in. I appreciate it as always You guys stay awesome. We'll see you later Say bye George. See you. Love you guys


Hello everybody and welcome back to InvestorIntel. I'm Peter Clausi, dressed for the spring. Today we're back with Troilus Gold Corp and Justin Reid. Hi Justin. Hi Peter, how are you? I was going to make a comment about the spring look. It looks good. I like it. Take your joys where you find them. And one of your joys must be today's press release with your gold news. Tell us about your drill program. Well, thanks for having us on first of all. It's always great to come back and update you. The press release this morning was a continuation of the program that we've been working on over the last four months, which is 7,000 meters a month expansion at the Troilus Mine, but more importantly the newly discovered Southwest Zone. Southwest Zone was discovered last year, one month of drilling 600,000 ounces in only 8,000 meters of drilling. We've drilled another 25,000 meters now and we've expanded the resource by over a kilometer and a half at surface and as well the breadth. Last year at this time you're only about 400 meters. That's right. So you've added 1.1 kilometers to surface length. Exactly. But none of this is included in your preliminary economic analysis. That's a separate document on a different part of the property. 100%. So everything that we're putting out over the last three months, four months, is outside of the existing pit shell. It's higher grade, it's lower strip and it's at surface within the shadow of what would be a head frame. So it's additional ounces but better ounces. Easier ounces. Now I'm looking at the market today. It's trading kind of sideways on you. I was impressed with your drill results but it seems several companies lately have had the same experience like QPM and ReadySet Gold. They put out length of 100 meters of 1 in 2 grams and the market shrugs. Why do you think that is? I don't know if drill results necessarily move markets anymore. I think we're getting a little long in the tooth. We're trading with gold. We're not trading by equity and I think for Troilus specifically there's an expectation that this is going to get bigger. I don't think anybody expected the Southwest would be showing a strike line larger than what our Z87 pit is where 2 million ounces was produced. But for us I think our big catalyst is keep delivering. We're drilling this to reserve now. So we're at this development stage and the market is really going to be focusing on what the new resources look like. And our last one was 8.1 million ounces. We're adding between a million and a million and a half ounces a year if not more. And I see no reason why we're not going to be able to deliver that. When do you think a new PEA or resource estimate will be done? Resource estimate into Q3 early Q4. We still have five drills turning right now and we haven't cut anything off. The big question I get a lot from the analysts is when are you going to cut off this drilling? When we don't hit anything. We're going to have to come up with that soon. And the pre-feasibility, which is including the Southwest Zone, which we're drilling to reserve, not to re-inferred, we expect before the end of the year. Wow, you're busy, busy people. But not too busy that you can't fit an acquisition in there. No, no. Well, it's been in the works for a while. We acquired or are acquiring Urban Gold, All-Stock deal, $16 million valuation, Troilus stock. Record dates tomorrow, circular next week, should close in the middle of next month. Urban Gold, we have 1,000 square kilometers of the Fortet Evans Belt, which we've expanded aggressively over the last two and a half years. Because we're finding a lot of gold, we want to protect the new structural extent of the deposit. Urban, they're kind of in our way. Everywhere we go with some great results, we run into them. And we know their team very well. They share our infrastructure when they're working in the field. And it's going to make Troilus not just an asset, but really fill in the gaps for us for the entire belt. So that when we start saying we have generational opportunities, they're going to become part of it. They have the Crescia area, the Bullseye area, the Palador area. And all of these are additional and accretive to our existing packages. And so it made a lot of sense. We own 10% of the company. We've been quietly buying it for about six months. And I think it's a win-win for all shareholders. Good. And that goes to a shareholder meeting win. Yeah, it's going to go to an Urban Gold shareholder meeting, I think May 13th. And for us, we don't have a shareholder meeting. It's not deemed material. Well, yeah. Under the rules of the exchange. By law. But for us as far as exploration, development, and true focus, it's material scientifically to us for sure. And I think we're going to be able to unlock a lot of value quickly. You're releasing drill results all the time because you have five rigs spinning. When are the next results coming out? Some today.  We're kind of hitting every two weeks. And so I see no reason why that's not going to stop.  Whoever drafts them for the company does a good job. The graphics really do a good job of telling the story. Thanks. Her name is Caroline Arsenault. So I'm going to give her a full recognition. We've made a concerted effort over the last, call it, six months. We've found that if you're spending a lot of time explaining, then you're missing something. And so we spent a lot of time with the geologic team and the engineering team and the graphics team say, this drill hole, what does it really mean? And so we've brought in other holes and other sections and we've shown projections. And I think when you're looking at a low grade bulk tonnage type of deposit like Troilus, you need to see not just an intersection on a line, but you need to see what the impact is from a pit, right? And I think in our graphics, we're adding, we're visualizing everything above cutoff. And so you quickly can start to put a pit around things and the press release today is a great example of that. What's interesting is one of the diagrams shows the PEA pit shell over here and then all the other blue holes that aren't part of the PEA over here. It's a good graphic. That PEA pit shell in the Southwest, we defined in one month of drilling last year and that PEA came out in August of last year. So we haven't stopped since then. There's a lot more data that's going to be added to that. How much cash do you have in the bank? 15. We got a check back from the Quebec government today for $1.6 million, which is a great reason to work in Quebec. Good for you. So Troilus School trades us TLG on the Toronto Stock Exchange.  Peter, thanks again. I always like to talk to you.


Today is another good day for Ivan Purnamateja, a medium-sized egg producer in the Indonesian province of Lampung. He has harvested a fresh batch of healthy eggs, which are in high demand among consumers. All thanks to the three-zone biosecurity protocol developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations that helps maintain very high hygiene standards on his farm. According to Ivan, implementing the three-zone biosecurity protocol for his flock of over 80,000-layered chickens was the best decision he has made in his two decades as an egg farmer. Improving the hygiene and safety practices on his farm using the FAO guidelines also helped Ivan obtain the veterinary control number or NKV certification issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. NKV certification is a stamp of food quality and safety and essential for accessing new lucrative markets including domestic supermarkets and export markets. Since 2005, NKV certification has been mandatory for slaughterhouses and food distribution businesses. The NKV certification ties in well with the FAO's three-zone biosecurity initiative, which was originally launched in 2012 to contain an outbreak of deadly avian flu. The pandemic killed hundreds of thousands of birds and led to millions of dollars in losses for farmers all over Southeast Asia. Indonesia's poultry industry is the key sector of the national economy. The three-zone biosecurity protocol aims to reduce infection by ensuring proper isolation, traffic control, cleaning and disinfection of poultry farms. Under the protocol, the livestock area in the farm gets divided into three zones, namely red or high risk, yellow or moderate risk, and green or low risk. Vehicles and footwear from outside the farm are placed in the red zone. In the yellow zone, special footwear is used and farm workers must take a shower and wear protective clothing. When they enter the green zone, they are required to wear special footwear and sanitize their hands and feet before coming into contact with the birds. While the FAO team provides the technical inputs, the investment in building the infrastructure required obtaining protective equipment and other materials is borne by the farmers. We in Indonesia have been doing cost-effectivity studies and we found out that if you do TIGA zone biosecurity that there is a positive return on investment if you compare it to the investment cost. An FAO study of broiler production conducted over a two-year period found that seven farms which adopted the three zone biosecurity measures earn an additional US$45 for every 1,000 birds. Currently, poultry farms in 14 provinces are implementing the FAO protocol. This unique partnership between FAO, government agencies and farmers also has a special public health benefit, a reduction in the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. The overuse of antibiotics in food production leads to antimicrobial resistance, one of the top 10 global health threats according to the World Health Organization. TIGA zone biosecurity or three zone biosecurity also reduces the need for antimicrobial use on farms because the chickens are not getting sick. So actually it's in line with the global action plan and the national action plan for AMR control. FAO three zone biosecurity project in Indonesia could be a simple but effective model for lowering the use of antibiotics in poultry farms especially when combined with food safety certification such as NKV that attract farmers to adopt biosecurity measures voluntarily. Other countries should emulate the same kind of TIGA zone biosecurity because it's easy to understand for farmers and it's easy to implement, it's cheap and it will help to improve their production and to reduce antimicrobial use on farms.


Welcome back, MechanicalEI. Did you know that databases help model relevant aspects in reality like the data related to availability of rooms in hotels? This makes us wonder, what is a database? Before we jump in, check out the previous part of this series to learn about what jigs and fixtures are. Now, a database is an organized collection of data generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. There are certain characteristics that define a database further. First, it should be able to store all kinds of data that exist in the real world. Second, it should be able to relate the entities or tables in the database by means of a relation. Third, the application and the data stored by the application should be isolated. Fourth, multiple users should be able to access the same database with their respective permission levels without affecting each other. A few examples of database applications include SQL, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and Oracle RDBMS. A database system has many advantages over a file system. File system is a general easy-to-use system for storage of general files which require less security and constraints. Databases have more security and offered significantly less data inconsistency and data redundancy. Database systems store structured data which have well-defined constraints, interrelations, and are highly centralized. Examples of file system include the new technology file system or NTFS used in Windows and the extended file system or EXT file system used in the Linux family. Hence, we first saw what a database is and then saw what the advantages of a database over a file system are. Thanks for watching. Also, thanks a lot for those constructive comments. You helped the channel grow. So, here are the top mechanical EIs of our last videos. In the next episode of Mechanical EI, find out what a database management system is.


Okay. I think I'll get started. It's two minutes past 11.30. So, hi. I'm Kirti Jagdish. I work for Texas Instruments and that's my introduction. So, today I'm going to talk about PMIC, the first one to turn on and the last one to turn off. So, before I get started with my presentation, let me give you a brief agenda of today's presentation. I'll be talking about introduction to PMIC and then why do we need PMIC, main components of PMIC and then I'll give a brief overview about the Linux regulator framework, like how do we register that driver to the Linux regulator framework, then followed with the types of regulators. And I'll also subsequently speak about other components of PMIC, like the GPO driver, RTC driver, and then I'll get on to the I2C debugging on Uboot, followed by I2C debugging on Kernel, and then some hardware specific debug. So, that's the brief agenda that I plan to present today. Okay. So, let me get started. So, introduction to PMIC. So, what is PMIC or say PMIC? It's a power management integrated circuit. So, the most basic responsibility of the PMIC is to provide voltage sources to the SOC or the system on chip. So, it's a separate IC, sits outside the SOC, generally, and it talks to the actual SOC using I2C or SPI protocol. PMIC is most commonly used in a space crunch places like mobile devices, portable players, these days even automotive and industrial systems. So, the primary responsibility being implementing the power off and power on sequences and actually providing the voltage sources. So, there are multiple types of power supplies or the regulators, LDOs, SMPS, and DC-DC converters. So, most PMICs generally contain more than just the regulators. They even contain IDCs, GPIOs, some RTC, watchdog, even thermal support. So, some of the more complex PMICs even provide battery charging support. So, that's a quick introduction about PMIC. So, why do we need PMIC? It's basically a one stop solution where it contains multiple regulators, all the granular power supplies that are needed to actually boot up an SOC. So, even when there are multiple regulators, there is a granular control that one can actually turn on a particular regulator and the other regulators can be switched off and multiple regulators can be at multiple voltages. It even enables a very deep power management as in we can actually gate few regulators and have some of them on. And even on top of regulators, the PMIC even has ADCs, GPIOs and RTCs. ADC can be used to keep track of the vital power supplies and the current temperatures and current amperes. The thermal sensor can be used to monitor the device temperature and the RTC helps to keep track of the real-time clock. In case the SOC needs to be turned on and if the PMIC has the coin cell battery which is battery powered, the real-time clock can keep running and we have the same time after reboots. So, there's a quick example of a simple PMIC to start off with. It's TPS65218. It's a TI part, TI PMIC. We are using it to power up our AM437X family of SOCs. So, we can see that there are quite a bunch of DC-DC converters. There are about four DC-DC converters feeding to core MPU and analog domains and there is one LDO which feeds to some analog part and there are about other things like battery, backup battery stuff and some GPIOs. So, it's a pretty simple PMIC that powers up a single core processor. So, let us move on to a more complicated PMIC. So, this is TPS659039. It's the TI Palmas PMIC family.  Just note down the current values here. All the LDOs are of the order of milliampere and the SMPS are mostly around ampere range in the 6 amp, 3 amp range and also see that there are some multi-phase regulators. So, these are there for a specific purpose basically. If the component needs, if are really like very power hungry and it needs a higher power, say the MPU which are like dual core or quad core processor, we generally power it up using the SMPS and if the component are like not so power hungry, something like MMC controller, they get powered up using LDOs. That's like the quick example of who needs what and yeah, there are there's a 12-bit GPADC with 12-bit GPADC with multiple channels on it. One can actually measure the critical voltage rails, runtime and even the current of that. There's RTC and there are multiple GPIOs and watchdog and whatnot. So, PMIC is the one which is actually powering up the system on chip or the actual host processor. So, who powers up the PMIC? Is it directly coming out from the DC voltage source? Actually, not. So, if you see this DRS7 is a dual core processor from TI itself, powered up by the TPS6 59039 family of PMICs. So, the input to the PMIC does not really come from the direct 12-volt input supply. It goes through one more layer of converters, the stepped-down converters. So, all it really depends is what is the input supply input voltage that is needed by the SMPS and the regulators. So, there is a 3.3 step-down converter and the 5-volt step-down converter. So, many of these SMPS are getting fed by the 3.3 volts supply and most of the other LDOs which need higher voltage are being fed by 5 volts. And we see that most of the SMPS are feeding into the power-hungry domains like the MPU domain, the DESP, the GPU domain. Since the SMPS are known to give out more amperes, they are chosen to provide the power-hungry domains. And the LDOs are really powering up some low power analog components and MMC and some low power peripherals. So, this is the quick overview of a power tree wherein how the voltage, input voltage from DC supply gets translated to the actual processor using it. So, now I have already explained about why different types of regulators are. So, LDO and SMPS are real basic two types wherein we use. LDO is a low dropout linear regulator. They are very simple and they are easy to regulate and they create very little noise. And it requires really no capacitor or an inductor that really stores no charge. So, it is kind of more suited for low power. As we saw, it generates about a few hundreds of milliamps. So, one problem with LDOs is that it creates excessive heat and it leads to reliability issue. The biggest advantage is that it gives out a very, very, very accurate output voltage. On the other hand, SMPSs are very popular these days because they are known for their high throughput and they store charge in either through capacitor or an inductor and repetitively they switch off and on that transistor. So, it is low heat levels and SMPSs are typically very high efficiency out of the order of 80%. So, it's sort of high cost and complex design. So, we need to have a tradeoff wherein what how many SMPSs was as how many LDOs we choose in a PMIC. So, and the disadvantage over LDO is that SMPSs can create high levels of noise and decrease the accuracy of output voltage, though it's not really like that bad accuracy. And SMPSs are generally used for high power applications like how we saw here in this powdery. Okay, now let's get on to the actual Linux modeling. So, since PMIC has so many components like regulators, RTC and what not. The most natural choice is multifunction device. So, we modulate using a multifunction driver. It's multifunction driven as it creates multiple things. So, most certainly they have regulators. So, we need regulator drivers and some of them talk to the SOC, the host SOC through some GPO signal. So, they do have a GPO driver and some of them host RTC. So, we have RTC driver. So, there are multiple other drivers. So, for today's segment I've covered about these three, four drivers. So, MFD is the top level driver which kind of initializes the entire PMIC. So, starting off with the reg map. So, if the PMIC is talking to the host SOC using a I2C protocol, so we have a DevM reg map in it for I2C for the entire PMIC reg map to do basic I2C read and write. It registers the top level interrupt handler which actually interrupts the host processor. There can be multiple sources from the PMIC which interrupts the host processor. It can be a thermal event or a voltage or protection sort of event or a GPODC event or an RTC event. So, the MFD driver registers a top level interrupt handler. It enables probing of the child devices using MFD add devices. And it performs any PMIC specific pad settings and any variant specific support. So, if you look at the device tree modeling, TIV associates most likely communicate with the host processor using the I2C protocol under an I2C bus. So, I2C is the parent of the MFD device, MFD divestree node. So, you can see that I've just copied the upstream divestree file. So, TPI 6528 is the PMIC that we are talking about. So, the reg is the slave ID of the PMIC where it sits on the I2C bus. So, 24 is the reg ID, the compatible and the top level interrupt that actually hits the SOC. And yeah, just a regulator node. Let's quickly move on to the regulated driver nuances. So, every regulator gets registered to the Linux framework with the DevM regulator register. There are obviously the non-DevM. The preferred one is the DevM regulator register because it takes care of the cleanup as well. So, most regulator drivers populate the enable, disable hooks to disable or to turn on or turn off the regulators. Then they populate get set voltage to basically program the voltage to which you want the regulator to give the desired output voltage. One can also get the current limit hooks. And so, we make use of regulator linear ranges. This is the most commonly used practice wherein we define the range of voltage levels. So, PMIC need not be like the, there will be multiple ranges wherein the PMIC, the voltage regulator can actually generate the voltages for. So, we use regulator linear ranges for that. And one more interesting ops is set RAM delay. This is to take care of the slew rate because the hardware essentially cannot really jump up or jump down the voltage within no time. So, it takes about an hour or a few microseconds to get the actual desired output. So, this set RAM delay is very important to give up some time to give some delay before we actually assume that the output voltage is at the desired level. So, there are multiple types of regulators that are modeled in Linux. The most simplest of them being fixed regulators wherein it continuously gives out a fixed voltage and the only thing that we can do is probably turn it on and turn it off. And coming on, the more complex variety is the variable DC-DC regulators, SMPS and LDO regulators wherein the variable regulators cater to a wide range of voltages and they have fixed number of steps to reach from one voltage to another voltage. So, variable voltage is desired when we want something like DVFS that is the dynamic voltage frequency scaling. That's a power management feature wherein we, based on the demand, we kind of operate the device at a particular voltage frequency combination. And it also enables us to attain low power modes. So, variable regulators are also used as cooling agents in thermal framework. And coming on, okay, there's one more category wherein the GPOs also can be modeled as regulators. Some of them have the ability to give out voltage. So, GPO regulators are generally two phase wherein the high level and low level map to different values of voltages. So, I've given some of the device tree nodes wherein the DC-DC is the variable supply. So, we can see that the minimum microvolts and maximum microvolts are populated and the regulator framework takes care of actually giving or setting the voltage under this range. And there are some multiple device tree properties that tell the actual property of, that describe the actual regulator. Buton means that regulator was already on, even before Linux came up. Regulator always on means that this regulator needs to be always on till the SOC is powered up. So, here is an example of sort of fixed regulator wherein minimum and maximum are the same. So, basically it's a one voltage value and either it gets turned on or turned off. But since it is marked as regulator always on, it's not always on regulator. Here's a quick example of GPO regulator node. Basically, there's a different min and max values. These are the values that it maps to when the GPO, say GPO is held in low state, it gives out 1.8 volts and when it's in the high state it goes about 3.3 volts. So, along with regulators, we even support GPO drivers, some of them have GPO. So, we use DevM GPO chip add data to configure it with, registered with the GPO framework. So, basic GPO functionalities are all the same. So, it gets direction to either configure it as input or output. GPO set get values to get the GPO level. And we can also originally have GPO request and free to do optional chip specific activation and deactivation, such as enabling or disabling the power and clock. And set multiple assigned multiple values for multiple signals at the same time. So, this is a quick GPO device tree node. Again, I've used the Palmas GPO node that is the TPS659038 node. So, since it gives out multiple GPOs, it acts as a GPO controller and gives out two GPO cells for the consumer. So, the consumer being GPO fan has models. The GPO parent has the Palmas GPO with the second GPO initialized at active high. And this actually is a cooling device that is mapping the high level to zero cooling and so the low level to the zero cooling and the high level to the 13,000 RPM GPO fan. I'll also talk about RTC driver. Basically, it's a real-time clock used to continuously monitor time. So, we register with the RTC framework with the Linux framework using DevM RTC device register, populates the basic read time, get time, set time ops. And even the RTC can even generate real-time alarms. So, we have the read alarm, set alarm and alarm IRQ enable ops. Yeah, that's pretty much. And it of course registered the RTC interrupts using a DevM requested IRQ. Yeah, this is one of the I2C again under Palmas node, which tells, which is actually having the TPS 61038 RTC. Again, that can generate some alarm events, so interrupt has been registered here. Okay, so let's quickly move on to Deepak. Now that we are done with a couple of bunch of drivers in PMIC. So, UBoot and Kernel prints to start off to debug any of the PMIC issue. At least more than 50% of them you could actually start off debugging, start off adding some prints to the UBoot and Kernel and you will be done with it. On top of that, we even have CISFS hooks in the kernel. One can use CIS class regulators for the regulators, CIS class, GPIO for GPIO, CIS class RTC for RTC. So, I'm talking more about regulators today. So, CIS class regulators will have entries for microvolts, which gives out the actual output voltage that a regulator is giving out and state tells whether the regulator is either on or off, microamps gives out the current that is being drawn. There are multiple other CISFS nodes, one can go and actually explore CIS class regulators' star. And in UBoot, if you have to talk about UBoot infrastructure, once you get to the UBoot prompt, if you have enabled config CMD regulator in UBoot, you can actually get the details like how we get in kernel similar to that using GPIO regulator commands. Okay. So, this is about the basic debugging infrastructure with kernel CISFS and prints. Moving on to more involved I2C debug tools. In UBoot, we have the I2C debugging using some command I2C, one should enable CMD I2C. So, one should first assign the I2C device that on which the, this is on which the PMIC sets. So, this is basically the bus number of the I2C bus number on which the PMIC sets on. So, we assign that using I2C dev zero command, say, if the PMIC is sitting on the I2C bus zero. One can dump the I2C registers of a particular slave ID using I2C MD with the slave ID, say, 0x558.24, whatever is the slave ID of the PMIC, one can actually dump all the registers. And one can modify the registers using I2C MW or basically memory write or memory modify, MD is for memory dump. So, yeah, this is one quick example wherein I assign the I2C device to zero and then I dump out the registers starting from 20. So, there are about 16 registers that I've dumped. And then I want to change the 23rd register and I want to set it to 3B instead of 3A. And that's how I use I2C MW to do that. And I can use I2C MD to actually verify that indeed happened. So, this is where that's actually reflected. And one can actually use I2C speed to check the I2C bus speed in UBoot. Moving on to kernel I2C debug tools. We have I2C dump, I2C get a bunch of I2C tools, which we can use on top of the other tools. So, we can actually directly read the I2C registers of the PMIC. So, I2C dump minus F stands for forced because we are actually forcing from the user space to read out or to write out the I2C registers even though kernel driver is actually owning it. So, minus F stands for forced and minus Y is non-interactive wherein you actually go and set it without even the kernel actually asking you to whether it should be setting or not. So, one should use it with utmost care because you can actually write to some regulator output value which is far more than what is expected and you can burn out the thing. So, one has to use this carefully.  Zero is the bus, the I2C bus number and the I0X58 is the slave ID. That's the format. I2C dump minus F minus Y with the I2C bus number and the I2C slave ID. Output is something like this. It actually dumps out the whole register layout of that particular slave ID and then we have I2C get to get the particular registers or register value. I2C set can be used to, you know, write it. It's similar to the UBoot memory modify memory write wherein we can actually specify which address and what needs to be written and we can write to that particular address of that I2C. So, I2C dump we can actually see that it's reflected with the right value, what we were intending to write. But again, I'll say one should use this with utmost care because this is real-time regulators or some things which can get messed up if you use directly with this. So, these are all the tools which help you when the system is alive and the Linux is up and UBoot is up. And so, before I actually, so once we have the system, we can use this but say if there is a random crash or a random hang, we really need to get into hardware. So, before we get into that, so I give a, I just give a brief I2C protocol fundamentals. So, there are basically two lines. One is the clock line and the other one is data line. So, SDA is the synchronous data line and SLA synchronous clock. So, I2C protocol is pretty simple. So, the start is when the master pulls out the SDA low line with a low with SEL at high. So, basically clock is high and the data line is pulled out. This marks the start of a I2C transaction. And there are about, I'm using a simple seven-bit addressing. So, there are seven address bits, A6 to A0, which is basically the slave ID, most likely. And the, there's a read-write bit. So, the bit 8 stands for read-write bit. If it is a read, then it's high. And if it is right, then it's a low. Followed by a ACNAC. So, basically, the receiving device pulls the data line low. In the ninth, if the receiving data pull, receiving device pulls the data line low. In the ninth bit, it means that the device has actually act. Otherwise, it's an ACNAC. And followed with it is multiple data frames. So, the data frames can be generated by either the slave or the master, depending on whether it's a read or write operation. And then we have the final stop, which says, okay, the transaction is now finished. So, stop condition is basically zero one of the data line followed by a zero one, following a zero one. Basically, the clock line transitions from high to low to high. And after that, the data line does that same thing. So, that's the stop bit. So, I hope I'm clear about the I2C protocol fundamentals. So, I explained this as a precursor to one of the hardware debug that I did. So, here is a quick capture of... So, the green line represents the data. And the yellow line is the clock line. It's not really good resolution, but yeah, I can still interpret this thing. So, this is... I'm showing a quick example of I2C write, a sequence followed by ACNAC. So, you can see that the start bit is here, where in the data line is pulled low when the clock is high, followed by the slave ID, which is basically the address bits, seven-bit addressing. So, 58 till here. And then since it's a write operation, the data line is held low. And then we have an ACC, where in the data line is pulled low. And then followed by some write data, basically 23, and then we have a stop bit. So, why am I showing this? This is a proper write transaction. But let us go to the buggy transaction for I2C. So, we see here that the start went through well, and then there's a slave ID, and that is basically 58x. So, 101 followed by 1,000. And then it was held high, so basically it was a read transaction. As soon as the read bit is done, the ninth clock never went low for data line, which means there was a knack. So, this is where the hardware is probably faulty for any multiple reason. Most likely, if the I2C clock is really high, and if the slave device is not able to cope up, we generally tend to reduce the I2C clock frequency, that most of the time solves the problems. And this is a typical debug wherein we probe out the clock and data lines. Yeah. So, there's another good tool to use. It's called AdWag I2C protocol analyzer. Basically, we'll have to pull out the clock and data lines onto this device, small hardware, and connect it to a Windows PC or a Ubuntu PC. And then what it does is it actually snoops onto the I2C bus and it captures all the transactions that happen on that bus. So, it's a bus specific device wherein once you attach it, all the transactions of all the multiple slaves that are connected on that bus get captured. So, you can see that all of them are getting very nicely captured with what is the data, which type of transaction, etc. So, this is actually a precursor of the read bug which I actually found. So, there are basically matching things. I can actually match things like what happened in this transaction. Finally, we see that there was a read nag here. The same is being captured here as well. We see that the last read transaction actually never happened because there was no data that was received. So, this kind of helps us help it to snoop and get us what was really buggy at the hardware level. So, finally to summarize my debug. So, we don't need really a sledge hammer to break open the X. So, we can start off with simple prints, use the regulator framework, CISFS nodes, and only if the kernel is crashing or if there is a real hang where we have no control over it, we get to the multimeters and oscilloscopes. So, even the I2C protocol analyzer is a very useful tool for that kind of hardware debug. Thank you. Open for questions. What about PMICs with flashable firmware where you can do more stuff when the SoC goes into deep sleep? And when you want to wake it up, the PMIC needs to do the transitions for the supplies by itself. I'm asking if what you can tell us, maybe a bit about them, how you approach those types of PMICs. With the firmware? Yeah. I'm sorry, I've never really used that kind of PMICs with the firmware actually. I've used only with Linux drivers and stuff like that. Okay. I think this. Can you use the device tree, the device tree file you write for Linux, can you use them in Uboot? Yeah, I'm using the device tree in Uboot as well. We can use device tree in Uboot as well. Yeah. The same thing applies to kernel can be used in Uboot. The drivers are capable. Uboot framework is device tree ready. All right then. Thank you. Thank you for coming in. That's a big number. Thank you.