Okay, let's talk about splitting the brain. So I find this topic, as most people do, a fascinating, a great fascination, that essentially what you're going to do, you can split the brain as fast as we can tell. There are two conscious minds inside one conscious cow, which is pretty neat, which also leads you to ask a question to an extent, you can find two or more conscious mind even in a normal brain that's not split brain. And this is also interesting, particularly at Caltech, since historically lots of research was done at Caltech, including research by Roger Sperry here, was a professor in biology who got the Nobel Prize for the split brain work in 1981. So as I pointed out, the first time I brought in this brain and as any sort of glance at any anatomy can show you the brain is symmetrical. Now some functional imaging doesn't always show that because depending on the cut of the plane through the brain, sometimes the plane isn't, if the plane isn't exactly even, you can get uneven cut. And there, of course, are symmetry in the brain in the sense that one brain hemisphere isn't exactly, may not exactly have the same size or some of the gyri might have different location. I know David Higa, a well-known visual researcher, the location of his V1 and left and right hemisphere are quite different, but all in all the brain is symmetric. There are two cortical hemispheres, there are two thalamy, there are two basal ganglia, there are two retinas, there are two cochleas, in fact, there are two sensors, right? There are two nostrils, there's two of everything, except a few midline structures, which are interesting to represent if you think about the tongue or if you think about the tail that a monkey might have about other midline structures, they're usually represented bilaterally. So focusing for the tongue, I think there's representation both in the left and the right hemisphere. Now there are a few exceptions, the best known ones are these two glands, the pineal gland, the pituitary gland, they're sort of a list of minor other exemptions, where you only have a single structure. So the pineal gland is of interest in, it's sometimes also called the third eye, because in some simpler invertebrates, I think including in amphibians and reptiles, it does have direct photopigment in it. And so it's also, I think in snakes, they can directly, this is used to regulate in some lower mammals, it's used to regulate the circadian rhythm. Now that's probably also important in us, in us or certainly in primates, it doesn't get a direct retinal input, probably because it's too well hidden inside the brain. So as I said, in some animals like reptiles, there's some light can shine through their skull and directly in their cells inside the pineal gland that are photosensitive. And as it doesn't work that way, we have a small input from the eye into the super charismatic nucleus, it sits above the crossing of the optic nerve, which is called super charismatic, it sits above that crossing, and it gets input from the retinite in response to the circadian rhythm and it in turn projects into the pineal gland. Historically this is very interesting because this is the one that René Descartes implied as being the seat of the soul, partly because it was a mainline structure and he thought he was very observant, he thought well clearly, we experience ourselves as unitary as whole, so therefore, whatever it is, it can't be one of the brain hemispheres, it can't be one of the individual hemispheres, it's gotta be in a structure like this, he was just wrong. At the time also people thought you would die when you lose the pineal gland, that's not true. The other one, which is somewhat big, I mean these are both tiny structures, this is like a tiny lentil, and this is even smaller, this one is responsible for doing, in darkened system, growth hormones, lactation, sex hormones, all of those things that are controlled indirectly by the pituitary gland. So with the exception of these minor structures, everything is symmetrical. Now the brain is connected, the cortical hemispheres are connected by a number of pathways, the biggest one that everybody knows about is called the corpus callosum. It has, let me see, so here you see this is the corpus callosum, this is the back part of the corpus callosum, and this is a side view, so you can see the corpus callosum. So before the previous view was a cut across here, so this is called the genu, look at the knee. So these are roughly 200 million fibers, very large fiber bundle, 200 million fibers, that connect the left and the right brain half. So you can see that for example, there are already connections that go back all the way back to primary visual cortex, although they're minor, and as you go to high and higher areas, you can, if you have a cell, let's say you have a monkey fixating, and usually the representation of course, because everything is caused, let's see the right hemisphere looks at the left world, but in higher areas, you can also modulate the fine of the cell by showing input to the other side of the visual field, and those inputs are mediated by this corpus callosum. They're mainly, they're very small fibers, they have to be because it's not that big, and there are 200 million of them, they're sort of below, most of them below micrometean diameter, most of them are myelinated, most of them originate from layer two or layer three pyramidal neurons. Now there are also some other minor connections, there's this anterior curvature here, which is quite important to connect the left and the right of factory brain, and also the high level visual brain is connected through here, and then there's something else called the posterior comersure, comersure is just a surgical term for any pathway that connects to the tube, any white matter pathway that connects the two brain areas, and then there's various connections down here in the brains in the mid brain, here at the level of the colliculi, and then there are sort of connections at the brain stem level. Yeah, but this one is the biggest one. Now, okay, this just shows them again, so this is the, you know, this is the white matter, this is the gray matter, the proverbial gray matter, which you think, so the white matter is white because of the fatty insulation, the myelin, the one that helps to speed up action potential propagation, and so you can see here you have these, you have this massive pathway and this much smaller pathway than anterior comersure. Now, sometimes even today, I was recently talking to a neurosurgeon, even today this operation is still occasionally performed, although much less, because fortunately other interventions are effective. It's quite a radical procedure. You cut essentially most of the corpus callosum, so sometimes what happens, these patients, they cut some fraction of it, so for example, they end up cutting this and then the patient will recover and then they want to assess how bad the epileptic seizures are and then sometimes they cut the second part, including the anterior comersure and that turns out to make a big difference. If you just cut most of this, you see remarkable little deficits, I'll talk about that. To really get the dramatic deficit that most people know about, you have to cut all of this, including this anterior comersure. Now, why do you do this, drastically surgery? Well, you do it because these are people who have bad cases of grand mal epileptic seizures, you know, the classical one, where you go into a clonus, tonus, these attacks and usually they originate in a single hemisphere, they originate in a small part of one hemisphere, very often in and around the hippocampus and temporal lobe and then they spread through intracortical fibers as well as colosal fibers throughout the one hemisphere and then into the other one and then they become so-called generalized attack and then people become unconscious. As I mentioned before, sometimes if an attack is as you saw in one of the movies, if the attack is localized, in fact, the patient may hardly notice that if the patient is asleep, she might not even wake up. So it's a radical cure for very bad cases of epileptic seizures. Now, okay, so there's several remarkable observations. One is that this operation was first performed in the early to mid 1940s. I think it was pioneered here in the U.S. What's remarkable about it, that once the patients recover, now this is a major operation where you cut and it's quite a lot of bleeding and of course at the time, they had to do the open-scale surgery. So it's a very bloody operation. It's a major operation so people took a while to recover. But once they recovered, if you read the report from the surgeon, it's remarkable all these sort of reports were sort of in unison that by and large, there was no deficits. Now the neurosurgeon themselves realized that this is very strange and it boggles the mind that this massive structure in the brain that has to have some function.  They were aware of this paradox. They were not dumb. But they feel to see any major deficit. That people recovered and once they recovered, routine medical examination didn't show any difference. And certainly in a social situation, in a social situation you would notice. Now you have to normalize for the fact that by the time they have this operation, these are not normal healthy people. They don't take a normal healthy brain and cut it. These are people who have severe epileptic seizures. So very often what happens, one hemisphere may already be significant damage. So they may have already fucked them up difficultly depending which hemisphere it is with walking or they might have some speech impediment, et cetera. So these are not healthy normal people to start with. But once you normalize and for that fact, there's very little difference before and after, except that afterwards the patient had a significantly reduced incident of seizures. So the model is here, the brain is very complex and it uses all sorts of cues to adapt. And unless you really know what you're looking for, you may totally miss it. Which I think it's an important lesson for particularly if you wanna look at very subtle behavior like attention and consciousness. Now what we call today the split brain syndrome was not realized until what happened here. So Roger Sperry here at Caltech who really, well, he got his Nobel Prize for two different things. One is developmental and the other one is split brain. And he had a large research program that started in the 40s and 50s which involves split brain in animals where they did these procedures. We could of course do it much more routinely, much more repetitively in animals, in frogs and in cats and in monkeys. And they observed a certain, they observed some interesting syndromes that I'll talk about, not nearly as dramatic as later on what you see in humans, but you get some disconnection syndromes. And so based on that, then he got together with an enterprising surgeon here at Caltech in the LA area called Joe Bogan.  Okay, so it was really Joe Bogan and Roger Sperry got together and realized, well, hey, here we have these human patients and based on the analytical, we really expect some specific deficits and then they got around testing it and then they saw and they discovered what we know today as split brain experiments, a split brain syndrome. So like I say, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for that. So, I mean, what are some ways of testing these patients? Well, so one way to test them, so for example, if you ask, first of all, you assess for language. You say, well, I mean, can these people talk? And they talk normally, again, normally for the amount of talking they could do before. You show them something like this, you ask them what it is and they tell you it's a key. Now, the simple way you can, how you can elicit the deficit, if you put the key into my left hand, I say it's a key. If you put the key in, if I now, you know, if this all takes place hidden on a, let's say, a table and you put an object into my left hand, I will be unable to say what it is. So a simple test as this will show you dramatic deficit. I, you know, you put the key in my hand so I can see it, the patient will say it's a key. You put the key into his hand so he doesn't see it and he has no idea what it is. He'll stumb it and say it's a, it's a, it's a what you, it's a what you call, it's a, it's one of these things.   The motor input is also crossed. So the, the input, the tactile input from the left hand is made accessible to the right cortic, right somatosensory cortex. You disconnected now the right somatosensory cortex from his left hemisphere. It turns out that the left hemisphere in most people, not in everybody, most people is the one that's language competent. The right one is mute to a certain extent. So the left one, the talking one, the one, so you always have to realize now that there are two people inside these, two conscious minds inside this one head.  So his left hand does not have access to, if you, if he looks at it, he can see it. If you don't, if you prevent seeing the left hand, the left brain will not know what it is, and you know, it just won't know what it is. You put it in the right hand, you know, he'll immediately say it's a key. So you can, so actually using a very, very trivial test, you could have, you know, this could have been elicited from the get go if you knew what you were looking for. So there's this thing called hemispheric lateralization which has gotten a lot of press over exaggerated, of course, overblown in the popular literature, you know, it's all this holistic. What is it? It's the analytical, rational mind in the left and the holistic thinking in the right or something like that. Now, like many of these naive ideas are based on a germ of truth. So what is it? So people talk and surgeon have always talked since a long time about the minor in the major hemisphere, the dominant or the non-dominant hemisphere. Now for most of us, for most of us, dominant hemisphere is the left. Who's the left-hander here? Is there anybody who's the left-hander? Okay, so there's three of you. There's chance that one of you will have, there's some chance that one of you will have your dominant hemisphere in the right. So in almost all right-handers, so most of us are right-handers, other than the internet of left-handers is higher. It correlates to semi-centers with IQ. It correlates with social maladaptive behavior. So very intelligent people or criminal people or other people tend to be more often left-handers. It's rather interesting. It correlates with a difficult with the immune system, correlates with mathematical ability, it correlates with maleness, all sorts of interesting things. And yeah, but all in all, I mean almost all of us right-handers will have the left-dominant hemisphere. Even three quarters of left-handers will have the left-dominant hemisphere. So if there are four of you left-handers, one of you will statistically have a right-dominant hemisphere, but almost everybody will have a left-dominant hemisphere. So yeah, how do you test this? There's subtle tests and they're more direct tests. The more direct test is you inject and barbiturate into the carotid's internal, something like sodium amethyl. Now of course you don't wanna do that in normal people. You know, like you're injecting something that's always a chance of infection of amulism or something, but if you do that, then for a couple of minutes what you'll see, you'll silence one of the other hemisphere and you will, so if you silence the dominant one, then literally you silence the person. Although it's not true that the right cannot speak at all. It can understand, if you speak very slowly in single words, it can, or if you print out, you know, if you have big characters on single words, it can understand that some of these patients can understand the right hemisphere. Some patients can understand some language and can speak some little language. Certainly it can answer if you ask a simple question of yes and no, but it's certainly not very fluid. And then if you inject it in the non-dominant hemisphere, so let's say if you inject it in the right one, sodium amethyl, then you'll hardly notice a difference. If you inject it into the left one, then it'll be silence and then you can now test what the remaining hemisphere you can do. The other way to do it is you can do it in normal.  You put images either into the left or the right hemisphere and then you can sometimes see reaction time differences between the left and right. So folks on the right is slightly more visual competent. The right one is slightly more better at handling sensory communication and the reaction time is sent to be somewhat faster if you put things in the right hemisphere and then in the left hemisphere. Dolbulence begins prior to speech onset, so it's probably something that's coded very, very early on, probably, you know, in utero, I suspect. So let me see. Yeah, so there's a huge literature, much of which I don't find all that interesting, there's a huge literature on brain specialization. So, and what can and what cannot be communicated across the corpus callodum. So one thing you have to remember that a lot of these lateralization, the fact that things are lateralized, that means the fact that, let's say, you find language much more on the left and certain visual aspects much more in the right hemisphere is most pronounced in us, in humans. It's much less pronounced in other animals, much, much less pronounced. You find it in some parrots, you know, that can sort of imitate speech and some other species have some degree of lateralization, but it's not nearly as dramatic in us. And in us, if you remove language, so it's really, I mean, lateralization is mainly about language because once you take language out of the equation, the remaining degree of lateralization is much more subtle. As I mentioned, there's some degree of visual competence, there's increased visual competence in the right and in the left hemisphere, but it's minor one. It's really the, in the language one. So now, of course, the language one was, this was known already from before, from going back to Brokker himself, who was a neurologist in Paris, as a charcuterie in 90, in, when was that, 1850, 1860. And in fact, the part of the brain called Brokker's area, we call after him, because he realized this first in a patient, or he wrote about it first in a patient that had a so-called aphasia and inability to speak, except very explosively swear words, that he had a very large tumor, I believe, in the left part of the prefrontal cortex, area 45, 46 here. This is called Brokker's area. Now again, with many of these functional areas, one has to be a little bit careful. This is not sort of, it's not always exactly the same location, it's plastic. If you lose this, depending on your age, certainly if you lose it before, if you're, you know, if you lose it, if you're very young, before the onset of puberty, you might be able to recover language within a few months, and then sometimes it shifts to the other hemisphere, sometimes it can shift around here. Fact is, if you have a legion, or if you take away large parts of sort of in and around Brokker's area, you'll have difficulty with generating speech. Okay, so it's not that this is just one single area, and once you take that out, you're totally incompetent at speaking. It's localized in most people, roughly in a broad area around here. Now this is the different types of phasic, the different types of speech impediments. Some are called after another, I think in Austrian, Wernicke, probably in Vienna, sorry, Wernicke's area. This is in the posterior parietal cortex. And this is close to audit, this is mainly perceptive speech, so this is understanding speech. So this is the act of speaking itself, which of course partly is a motor output, because you have to control your larynx, partly you have to generate the grammar and everything. And here this is the perceptive part of speech, the receptive part of speech, understanding speech. And then you can also have what's called conduction aphasia, where the fibres, there's a fiber, big fiber bundle that goes from here to here, if that fiber, this one here, of course, if that fiber bundle is interrupted, then you might be able to understand, but you might be able to speak, but there's no direct connection between the two anymore. So in other words, you have a great difficulty of time, if somebody asked me, if you talk to me and asked me to say who I am, then I might not be able to do that, although I can perfectly well understand it, and in principle, I am able to say so, but I'm missing the direct connection between these two hemispheres. So this is all in the left. Remember, there was one other asymmetry we talked about in neglect. So in neglect, this weird thing that, for example, in visual, more probably called in visual, or visual spatial, heminegalect, typically the patient will have a stroke in his right hemisphere, and his left field of view, he will neglect. So it's not like it's, well, it's not black, right? I said, if I lose my right, primary visual cortex, the area will just be black. It'll be like this, and I know it's gone. In neglect, it's more subtle. It's not black, it's just not there at all anymore. And so this is where people run into things, and they only eat half of the plate, et cetera, and they won't compensate. If you have the one lesion that you'll compensate, move your head over to look with the other part of your brain, with the neglect, you don't do that. Now, almost all, again, the predominant of neglect patient have a neglect following a right parietal stroke. So there is another asymmetry there, and it might in fact be the other side of the coin that you have this representation here on the other side in the right parietal because in the left parietal, you have this speech area. So, once again, most of these specialization might end up in humans are so dominant compared to animals because they end up relating directly or possibly indirectly to speech. I think, I think, so I think if I remember, we mentioned this, there's Nancy Camish at MIT and she discovered this area, characterized this area using functional brain imaging called the fusiform face area. And you can do that in various ways, in a standard way, you show a person a normal subject faces in the magnet and then you show the same faces, but they're all scrambled. But you have the same low level cues. Of course, you can take faces versus images of statues or, sorry, images of places, of hills and houses and stuff, and you can see where it's a bigger activity and you get in each case an area in part of the, in the fusiform gyrus called the fusiform face area. And I think if I remember, that's present in all people on the right, the right image here, but it's not present, it's not always present on the left. Is that correct? Something like that, I think so, yeah. Have you ever found a difference in the empty or some of these other visual areas? And the size or the strength of the effect here, it's about the same in the, yeah, so that's my supposition. That for the most part, certainly all the early areas, it's very difficult to see any difference and if they are different, they tend to be more of a subtle nature in vision compared to speech. So like I said, take all this right light, in fact, all these books, right, left side, right side books, I mean, most of them, I think are pretty well baloney. So what are the consequences if you, we care about consciousness? Well, one thing is, so what this research shows, it's difficult to communicate specific sensory information and see about the fact that there's a red, you know, a red flower there or there's a dog over there. It's very difficult to commute that sort of information from the left brain to the right brain without the corpus callosum. That's really why you have the corpus callosum. Think of it like a big bus, you know, 200 million broad bus that communicates information from between the two cortical hemispheres. Now, there are some exception, things like eye attentional control and eye movement. In fact, there's some nice experiment by Michael Zaniga where he shows that remember the visual search, per dime where I have different letters and I'm asking you, is there a green letter present, is there a T among Ls? You know, you have to look, this is called visual search. And some evidence that split brain patient can do it twice as fast as normal can. And the idea is they can sort of have two searchlights independently and they can now search with two searchlights rather than with one searchlight. And eye moves, you can also see, it also appears to be that eye movements you can control either with the left, with the right or the left brain independently. That's probably the case because these things are partly done by the colliculus and the colliculi are never cut. You could just cut the corpus callosum, you don't cut the low level connections. Now, of course, this should give rise to, you should all think about this. I mean, should worry, you should ask me a question. If this is the case, who established dominance in the brain? Who established dominance in the brain? If you have both brain who can control something and they're usually not connected because now they're missing these two million fibers, then you can in principle get some type of behaviors like here where they fight or where you get that the right hemisphere initiates one behavior and the left hemisphere initiates the opposite behavior. I saw this one movie I tried very hard to get but the doctor didn't release it to me. It's a patient, this was in Dakota in North, either in North or South Dakota, where this was a patient who just recently had a split brain operation. Unfortunately, these syndromes, what I'm telling you now goes away within a couple of weeks. So here you had the case that the doctor asked the woman, how much seizure has she had since the operation? And she said three, but her left hand did this, one. So the left hand pointed one, but she said three. And then the doctor pointed it out to her and then she looked at this and then she tried to do this and then she fought with herself and it looked sort of a cross between slapstick, between slapstick, I mean comedy and tragedy. You realize that because suddenly she was, she bursted out in tears and the doctor asked her what the matter was. She said, well, my hand always does that to me. So my hand does that to me. Sort of like, this is not my hand and my hand does that to me. So what you see there, when she says to me, that's her left dominant hemisphere and it's the left hand, which is the right hemisphere. It's an independent person out to a certain extent and then they have these fights, a classical, when one hand will sort of open the shirt and the other one will close the shirt or things of that ilk. Now, fortunately for the patient, these sort of behavior goes away because very quickly, usually the left hemisphere established dominance. So, I mean, same thing with limbs because you could imagine, if my left hand, my left cortex says, well, I'm supposed to move to the right and my other one says to the left, I'm gonna be a heap of bones without going anywhere. So fortunately that doesn't happen. That's why, as I mentioned, when you meet these patients in a social context or you see movies of them, they look relatively normal and they can do normal behavior, et cetera. Why? Because there is some reorganization fortunately in these patients. And so the one hemisphere can, and usually it's a dominant one, can establish total dominance over the other one so you don't have these fights. Now, that does not mean that there couldn't be silent sort of storms ranging when these people think. I find that the other source of fascinating sort of, if you think about it, issues like personal memories, here you are a person you have a normal life and then your brain is cut. So what about, where are your memories? Where is your notion of selfhood? Now, it's very difficult to judge this with normal, with these patients, because as I said, these of course are patients. So it means by the very nature, their brain isn't a normal one. So a lot of one brain might not be operational before the operation even. So some of these questions maybe we can only answer once we have a benign way of rapidly turning off corpus callosum. I mean, that would be a cool tour. If you can take a normal brain and just, you know, you quickly take a drug or you apply some sort of magnetic field and it sort of disrupts for, let's say the next half hour, the connection between my left and the right hemisphere. Cause then you can really ask these questions, you know, about personal identity and things like that. The other, so that's that. Yes, so here they've done sort of this, they've done sort of, you can see these anecdotes where they tell the left hemisphere a joke and the right one blushes, but doesn't know what. Or sorry, the left hemisphere, you know, so if he is a joke laughs, the right one sort of, you know, the right face also mimics that laughing, but has no idea why. Or you show something as some socially embarrassing scene to the left hemisphere and then the right hemisphere will sort of, sorry, show to the right hemisphere and the left one will have a feeling that something awkward occurred and that sort of the person is blushing, but without knowing why and then tries to confabulate. You know, just try to reason, you know, why am I blushing now? So the idea is that you can sort of mediate more diffuse type of information that's probably mediated through brainstem, but all specific sensory information with some exception really require the corpus callosum. The bottom line is really this, that yes, the left one is linguistic, much more competent, the right one is not totally mute, but much less competent, but as far as we can tell the right one can ask and answer meaningful question, it has working memory, it has, you can interact with it in a more limited way because you cannot, you know, it's not a flume, but you can certainly act with, interact with it. So as far as people can tell, both hemispheres appear to be conscious. This is from Roger Sperry's. Over some authorities have been reluctant to call it the disconnected minor hemisphere, the right one, even with being conscious it is our own interpretation based on a large number and variety of non-verbal tests that the minor hemisphere is indeed a conscious system in its own right, perceiving, thinking, remembering, reasoning, willing and emoting, all at a characteristic human level that both the left and the right hemisphere may be conscious, simultaneously in different, even mutually conflicting mental experiences that run along in parallel. I think there's a great American novel waiting to be written here. There's an interesting novel, sort of a philosophical novel written, it's a, I think it starts off as a crime story and then a jury trial. It's written by a philosopher Canetti and it's based on an interesting neurological possibility. There's a weird syndrome called Machiafava, something other. It's a double name of two Italian doctors. A syndrome which is also known as the Italian red wine syndrome. So it's a rare poisoning due to some ingredient in some type of Italian red wine that can selectively destroy the corpus callosum.  And it turned out, and this is all a fictitious account, it turns out that it's the left hemisphere, it's the non-dominant right hemisphere which plotted to kill the wife and did so, not the left one. And so now, of course, the jury is sort of, they call them expert witnesses and it's this guy guilty of homicide or not. Who's this guilty? Because they're now two, the left or the right hemisphere is guilty. And I think the jury says doesn't convict but then his left hemisphere is so, and then sort of his left hemisphere is so upset at this because he says the right hemisphere is laughing at me for getting away with murder of my wife. The left hemisphere, his right hand takes a gun from the policeman and shoots his right cortex. It's an interesting story. And yeah, I think there is some true interesting story to be written here about these silent storms that might rage across the remaining connections in these individuals. Operation, it seems to me that very quickly one, for most things, one hemisphere established dominance. So the lesson for us is that whatever the neurocollective conscience is, it can be replicated in the two hemispheres. So if it's true that the non-dominant hemisphere can also be conscious, can feel and sense and that's what the evidence seems to suggest, then whatever the mechanism, it has to be split. It has to be something that can organize, that after some reorganization can exist independently in the two hemispheres. Now, a really interesting question that people have not at all, or only very few people have thought about, but I think could potentially be very deep one and it gets very close to what it means to be human, which is, is it possible that even in normals that there are two or more forms of consciousness in our minds? That if you assume that there are different NCCs in different cortical hemispheres or even within one cortical hemisphere there could be different NCC in the motor cortex from somatosensory, from vision, from olfactory, then to what extent can we, we claim that we're unitary, it's a cherished notion of philosophy, particularly the unitary nature of consciousness, although I don't see how you can uphold that in a split brain patient because clearly you have one head now and two sets of different experiences, but it might be also possible that in normal people, people like you and me, there are two or more sort of conscious entities in our head. There's some, in language sometimes we say the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing and you must have been in a situation where you've been conflicted, where I certainly have been, when I run or when I swim and do another lab, that I have these two sort of voices inside my head, one says, one tries to find excuses why I should stop now, the other one sort of eggs me on and urges me on to do more. I found a particular interesting quote in this classic, the classic of the mountaineering literature, that he climbed in South America and he fell off a precipine, was left dead by his friend because he couldn't find him and he literally called back for three days by himself without water over glacier to safety and he uses this term, I mean he doesn't know anything about brain as far as I can tell and he uses always the voice which really to me seemed like sort of, you know, the left hemisphere talking and while the right hemisphere sort of suggested nice pleasant images of his wife and food and particular food and warmth because it was calling it no food and drink, so this was sort of the right, this one voice sort of, well it wasn't a voice, it was sort of more these vivid images of food and this coming home and being warm and then left one always urged him on and it's an interesting question to what extent and if you observe yourself in the next couple of days you might find these, I don't know how you call them these weird things that sometimes you might actually, if you introspect yourself a little bit, you might actually find evidence of some sort of discontinuity in your mind that there might actually be normally operating sort of maybe sort of not really one whole mind but maybe possible some evidence of two minds that very quickly get integrated grace of the fact that you have these 200 million fibers but under certain conditions you might find, it's possible that you might find that one hemisphere operates more independently than another one, well I mean the voice clearly seems to be this language one, right? And that's certainly also been my experience that sometimes when I have this inner dialogue going on I have a clear voice and then one other entity which seems to be much less verbal and one interpret, I mean it's difficult really to judge that because of course maybe I'm reinterpreting all this differently now that I know all this literature but it seems to be that sometimes there's a more of a clearly verbal person inside my head and some other entity that seems to be more generate images and that could easily be interpreted as a left brain versus a right brain. And that, like I said, I mean normally, now this is, I've seen several of these description usually I've seen them in the context of these severe cases when you're probably under anoxia, you don't have enough oxygen, I mean under these severe cases when people describe this so maybe under those conditions, you know maybe because of restricted blood flow whatever there's less of a communication between the two hemispheres than in a normal conditions. But I think it's interesting as it goes through your life to see whether you can observe this in your own experience. More certainly. More certainly. I mean that transition is controlled of course by these brainstem widely dispersed device which I don't think anybody's ever shown there's an asymmetry there but even if you're out of the entire cortical hemisphere maybe for whatever reason one hemisphere goes quicker under same thing when you go to sleep, right? Goes quicker under and arises more rapidly than the other one. It's entirely plausible. I mean it's a bit difficult to test like people do test for asymmetric function in normals by putting images in and then you find sort of these minor differences. You know, looking into your inner train of thought is of course much more difficult because it has to be purely based on an introspective and so it's much more open to interpretations. You know, some people there's this one paper I'm currently reading which argues strenuously that even in a normal condition there are more than two entities in one's head but our entire training throughout our entire life our legal position, our position in the family and everywhere else is always based on the fact on what he calls his fiction that we're a single person that there's a single person with a single set of memories and that's who I am, that's just how I think about it and this author argues that that might be to a certain extent illusionary that on a certain condition there might be more than one voice but we don't give reason to that voice. We don't give any chance for these multiple voices to have expressed themselves because we're so much enthralled of this fiction of there being a single Christoph but in fact there might be different Christoph inside my head. Just listen to them. That's it, it's very short lecture today. That's it.


okay everybody we got the driving shades on you know what that means we're loaded and ready to leave let's go take a look at this load I'll show it to you and then let's hit the road we're going home today these are called mining liners they're heavy pounds each there's two two two we're taking these back to Manitoba someone else is gonna continue on with them I believe they're sort of looks like on the paperwork but my assignment just to bring it back to the yard and go home and bring all blue to the shop let's rock and roll let's do more rolling than rockin though how about that I've got a gross weight of seventy nine thousand seven hundred and forty pounds not too much extra to spare mom my coolants not in the engine right now sort of needs that blew a coolant line the return line from the engine back to the reservoir it was old and just like that that's how I imagine it so right up here let me crawl up here so you'll cool down that's nice so the coolant return line it's a half inch line that goes from here down to there just blew up burst open and a lot of my coolant went everywhere so old blue let me know something was wrong driving down the highway sort of dingin that I had low coolant what's this all about local I just checked the coolant coolant's fine and I guess some of the coolant was spraying on to the engine and smoking a little bit or steaming a little bit and I saw that coming up from the hood oh no what's going on so I pulled over the first spot I could get to where it's safe it's a little turn off turning lane and came to check it out and sure enough sure enough where is it here it is this thing shut me down I already tried to cut it down as the ends broke right this is all just it's just brittle it's hard as rock and brittle see just another part just fell off and I cut it down to size and then it just it just breaks more right it's old needs to be replaced it's supposed to bend has no flexibility to it I cut it down to size and I thought maybe I can at least get it to work right just cut off the broken parts because it was busted open on the end now it's too short it won't reach so that plan didn't work so I called Napa auto parts I'm on highway two here in Minnesota four and a half miles east of Swan River where there's a truck stop I wish I could have made it there that would be nice better than sitting on the side of the road here like this nobody moves over nobody slows down I know they don't have to slow down but at least like move over like when I was getting stuff out on the side of the truck over here like be surprised people just go flying right past here even if there's not any traffic on coming that's life that's just the way it goes so I ordered four feet of new hose so I'll have some extra I only need about two feet we'll get the new hose thrown on there I have eight gallons of coolant with me that I always carry with me thank goodness I just replenished that on before I left on this trip I called into my mechanics my shop said hey I got eight gallons is that gonna be enough and they said yeah that'll that'll be good to get you going and if you're still low after that at least you can get down the road to where you can get more coolant right so it didn't all drain out of the engine a lot of it did but hopefully I won't need more than eight gallons the reservoir is completely empty and because the engine was still hot when I stopped and that hose was broken off it was just like still spraying out of there for like ten minutes after I shut the truck off right and I can't open anything up until it cools down here we are all blue it's alright it was it was an old old coolant line it's not your fault old blue it's not your fault I wonder how many other coolant lines need to be replaced too hopefully we don't replace this one have to redo others right away that's why I bought as much as I could I bought out the whole store apparently all they had left in their store was four feet of half inch coolant hose four feet so I bought it all as I give it all to me I want all of it so they should be here soon I had to pay a delivery fee of $47 I believe I am 20 miles away 20 25 miles away what else can I do the hose and the delivery charge all came out to $67 Canadian way cheaper to do that than to call an actual mechanic here and do this for me because that would be what like a $150 service charge just for them to come here and then I have to pay their up price on their materials in their coolant hose and pay his labor and everything it would have been like $500 for him to come here and replace the simple hose I'll do it and I'll pay myself how about that where I just keep the savings $67 instead of $500 is a win in my books we're just gonna hang out on this side so got some coolant here already this is the cool that I use in the truck it does need to be diluted 50 50 so these are already all premixed ready to go we've got one two three four ready to go and I've got another two in here that need to be premixed as well so this will be another four equals eight that's all I should need it's the green coolant that's what I use so once one of these is empty the way I do this once we're all just empty these first see where we're at and then once one of these is empty I can fill it up with half water and then I pour half of one of those in there and I fill that one the rest of that one up which is now half full of concentrate all that up with water as well now I have two mixed and for water what I'm using here my Costco see it's always a good idea to carry supplies with you a lot of water it's not just for drinking might save you to I save you a service call so good old Kirkland water is gonna be running through my motor that's okay Costco we're new members making use of that membership right now saving me I like to have lots of water I usually have tons and tons of water in the truck that's the one thing I can't I can't drive without I have to know in my head that if anything happens I've got water I can live without food for a few days right but you need water and food food is important to you water is just easy you buy a big case you go to Costco you buy the like big 35 or 40 whatever case it is of water throw it under the sleeper you're good to go my Napa delivery guy should be here any minute you'll have that hose and it'll be a super easy quick fix attach it on up there attach it down here the engines already cooled off so that'll be nice and I'm gonna wait for that and you know I should be everything put the coolant in starter up see where the coolant levels at if I need to stop for more coolant on the way I can I can stop but this will at least be enough to get me moving then we started up and watch the coolant level see where it's at it's a little low or if it's where it's supposed to be I don't know how much coolant I lost I didn't lose everything like I didn't lose the entire engine's worth of coolant so I'm hoping it was eight gallons or less that's all I got and the shop that I go to back at PBX they told me that's all I should need to get going just waiting for my hose you know what sucks about this you know it's terrible I have the hose in my shop that I need because this happened once before way back in the day when I had that Volvo remember I had coolant line then I bought it from a different Napa that was in well Minnesota somewhere no no something's North Dakota Western North Dakota no I think here's Mike no this might be my guy might not be no no that's not my guy no not my guy I had some of this hose and I used to always have it in my truck with me right and for some reason I remember I took it out of the truck I'm like this has taken up space I'm gonna put it down here on my shelf I don't know why I did that you should always have that stuff with you so that's why I'm glad that I bought a whole bunch of extra hose now so I'm gonna use whatever I need for this and I'm gonna keep the rest of it in here for next time if I need to replace another one got the new hose on here now all sealed up hopefully it holds play it works just gonna fill it up with some coolant yet it only took two gallons so far and we're at the minimum line already so I didn't need all eight thank goodness and hopefully that was into our problems there it's still you can still see it there's coolant dripping on there I was on there from before I'm hoping looks like it's all drying up now though thank goodness thank goodness let's get this thing filled up let's get on the road a little bit more that's good right between the minimum and the maximum fingers crossed let's hope that fixes it cross toes crossed hopefully that's the end of our issues today so glad it's already booked into the shop for tomorrow they can take a look at that all and figure out there's anything else that needs to I got the five miles down the road to the nearest truck stop lucky seven stop on highway two and Swan River Minnesota and my coolant light came on again it's returning from the engine to go into the reservoir but the clamp I had on the little nozzle there I guess was on a little bit crooked and it could get out it's squirted out a little bit so by the time I got here I was low on cooling again so I tightened it up I've tested it topped up the coolant again and now we've got no leaks the idle here for a good 10 minutes making sure that we got no other leaks I think it's all good to go now live and learn make sure when you put the clamps on the nozzle for the coolant it's perfectly nice and stray hopefully it stays sealed now clamp right in here no wander into the store over here and check to see if they have the coolant that I use and if they do I'm just gonna restock myself and come out here and let this thing idle just for a little bit got no leaks and we got no leaks let's hope for no bells or whistles or shouting at me and a freeze coolant levels are holding I'm nervous when I lost all my coolant again after just fixing it thankfully thankfully it's able just to adjust that clamp looks like we're all good to go now knock on wood crossing all our fingers in our toes again it's good being able to fix some things I'm not a mechanic I like driving trucks this is my passion but when it comes to fixing the big things I like to let people who know what they're doing work on my engine I want it to last a long time I don't mess it up right but something as simple as a coolant line I can handle that pulled into I think this is a Senex yeah Senex gas station truck stop just on highway to here driven a couple hundred miles since we did all the repairs let's go check to make sure everything is still good and then I'm gonna go inside and grab a coffee it's been a bit of a day let's go see where our coolant levels at I can still smell the antifreeze that leaked on before smells like antifreeze yeah everything is dry my coolant level is a little it's at the minimum line obviously it's gone down a little bit to fill in all the nooks and crannies right no I can't open this up right now because the engine's hot but it's still doing good still doing good we'll top that up tomorrow so this is the line that we replaced right here it's going in there I know you can't really see because the fisheye lens you'll have to trust me that it is looking great yep no leaking at all fantastic wonderful wonderful wonderful there's still enough coolant in there to run I'd have to wait about a half hour it's pretty warm outside right now too so I'd have to wait for this whole engine to cool down before I can even open that up so it's doing good it's doing all right we'll keep her keep our eye on it looking good as well good good we'll keep our eye on it so far looks like we're good there is a fly in here a fly that will die there you are haha come here land again do it why you live oh oh okay land oh land somewhere land land so sneaky there he is haha I get him where'd you go where'd you go get him I think I got him trucker drosh one fly zero nice okay let's get going trying to keep my diet under a hundred and are under 1500 calories per day usually 2,000 calories a day would maintain the weight that I'm at but since I want to lose the weight try and keep it a little below that so far it's been okay I want to make sure I don't turn into like a big land whale you know I don't want to be a land whale I want to be fit or at least had a healthy weight you know doctors some doctors are scared to tell people now when they're too big hmm I would prefer to my doctor told me that you know if there's something that's affecting my health I'd like to do something about it being overweight is really not good for you leads to all kinds of diseases and problems that shorten your life I don't like this world I kind of like this planet I want to stay here as long as I can I gotta make this body last as long as possible I'm stuck in Pembina again border paperwork he's not cleared paperwork got messed up again the broker doesn't have all the correct papers for this loads across the border and everyone's gone home for the night so I don't get to go home for the night I was hoping to be at home well probably showering at this point at home right now I don't know what happened because they had all day sent in the paperwork in the morning already I had all day but I don't think it was on our end we need a specific paper something of an export certificate and I don't know where it's sitting but they're gonna have to figure it out in the morning so I'm forced to stay out here in the truck another night it's part of trucking disappointing oh well I mean what can I do nothing I can do really so hopefully first thing in the morning we'll get this all cleared up I'll be able to cross the border and we'll drop this trailer off at our yard and then I'm gonna rush home and get old blue to the shop all blue is supposed to be at the shop right now already I was gonna drop it off today that didn't happen so I was gonna drop it off tonight that didn't happen gonna drop it off first thing tomorrow morning that's not gonna happen drop it off there as soon as we can because we need to get all the work done to it because I've got a head out on a trip again on Saturday taking another bit of a unique one a little bit of a longer one we have a roll tight that I'm hooking on to on Saturday a few days from now by the time you watch all of this I'll probably be back from this trip already but hooking on on Saturday and I've got four drops starting in Virginia ending off in Maine and then we'll see what kind of reload we get from there and head back home and then I'm gonna take some time off then so we're not gonna paint the house this weekend my wedding anniversary is coming up in two weeks we got married on September 16th 2017 those are six year anniversary this year and instead of taking this Labor Day weekend off I'm gonna work through it and I'm gonna make sure that I'm back in time for anniversary I take a bunch of time off then and in that time we'll get the house painted then and I'll make sure that I take off several days so that we can get that done and we can also do something special for our anniversary I'm really that's what I was really hoping to get home tonight so I wanted to be home tonight to spend that extra little bit of time with Britt and Matthew because I've got a head back out on a longer trip again in a few days we're gonna make the most of it I'm gonna get out of here as early as I can tomorrow as soon as they give me the green light that the paperwork cleared them I'm out of here we're gonna make the most of our time at home and then I've got to do one more bit of a longer trip and then I'll be home for a while and then I'm for sure gonna be home for a while I can't miss the anniversary obviously and I might end up taking close to a week five to seven days because I'll need to get the house done at that point plus got some plans for going out just me and her we'll see what happens that's that's fine I'm tired right now I'm gonna go to bed here so I'm ready to go in the morning thanks for tuning in everybody please remember be safe out there it's crazy world drive safe


Everybody, Matt here for Leighton Sports Cards, ripping 2023 Bowman baseball hobby, 12 box full case break number 17, Random Teams. Here we go, we'll randomize five times, good luck. First the names, one, two, three, four, five, Harper B down to Mark L, and five times on the teams, one, two, three, four, five, Phillies down to Mariners. All right, we have Harper B, Phillies, Dodgers, Joseph C Brewers, Michael PIS, Yankees, Joseph C Reyes, Jonathan B Pirates, Guy H Rangers, Michael PLE, Blue Jays, Dain B, D-Backs, Harper B Royals, Raymond D, Reds, Guy H Giants, James J Redsox, Jacob P Cubs, Nick M Nationals, Inku K Tigers, James J Cardinals, Jonathan L Guardians, Anthony P Rockies A's, Darryl C Metz, Jonathan L Marlins, Tamoya Y, White Sox Padres, Everett K Orioles, Paul K Braves, T Tongue, Astros, Harper B, Twins Angels, and Mark L Mariners. All right, I'll post these results and we'll get this started. Let's see some big hits here, closed out a series two with an awesome case, there's a link to the results. Let's see if we can keep it going. Down to six on that first prison basketball, four box pick your team style break. I have not ripped much Bowman hobby aside from some four box hobby and jumbo mixers and then the tin casers, Sam and I did. I have not found a pearl pack yet. I don't think anybody but the forest has, I'd love to change that. All right, let's do it. Samuel Munoz, Gil Vargas, Xavier Isaac, I guess I need to separate out the answers, right? Uh, Volpe, there's Jason Dominguez, Atomic Refractor, a nice one, Yanks, Justin Crawford, first Bowman, Samak Gumri, there's Arias, Baez, Kobe Mayo, Deon Jorge, Lunar Glow, nice Dodgers, Atomic Refractor, first Bowman auto to 100, Josue De Pala, nice hit for the Dodgers, great start to the case. See who had the Dodgers. Harper, congrats Harper, 88 of 100, baby Yordan. Is that what they call them, baby Yordan? Callin' a girl and do the babies weird. De Pala, yeah, Davis, Matt Mervis, great start to the case. See if we can top that one. Nathan Mejia, Stan Raffaella, Purple Refractor, Max Wagner, Jose Ramirez, Purple Pattern Paper, that's the 199, sort of strong, Von Grissom, rookie insert, display there, might hit the, let the light hit that ice a little bit, there we go, it's like I'm doin' I'm in a club. Cartaya, Abel Bastidas, Lunar Glow, it'll blink down, got a downtown Mt. Plymouth, thanks Timmy, yeah, yeah, the Chrome Dust is definitely a struggle. Gunner Henderson, rookie insert, Junior Caminero, Jackson Churrio, Spotlight, Curtis Mead, sit for box one, up after that, up after this, sorry, my words are goin' so great today, up after this, we have three prism basketball, hobby, four box, random teams, I'm sorry, make your team style breaks, we have four 12 and 14 to go on those, that's all we have left spot-wise for the day, there's Churrio, and then we'll close out the day with the first case of flawless basketball I have ripped since probably late 2020, Oswald Paraza, I am lookin' forward to that, Aqua Shimmer, Logan Wagner to 125, PYT's, I'm not sure that we have for choice, what's that? Those are, at least they're gonna be split. Yeah, yeah. It's Evan Carter, Christian Serda, Atomic, yeah, I'm not, I'm not sure, just because I haven't seen what's on, on the main channel for quite a while, Pablo Sodastrom, yeah, please be sure to hit the like button, we very much appreciate that, there's Miguel Rice, this is a long break, we have an hour and 15 on the schedule for this, a lot of you are at work, can't stick around for the whole break, some of you don't wanna listen to me that long, I get it, Jackson Holiday Lunar Glow, I will do a Hickory Cap at the end so I'm not able to stick around and see the whole thing, you'll be able to see what you missed, nice twins, that is Otto Brooks Lee, you go Minnesota, not his first bowman but a good prospect, Zach Mavine, Jackson Merrill, that is Fuchsia Paper at the $2.99 Trace Weenie, Coloss, Jordan Lawler, Josh Yeum, Rookie Insert, Dianne de los Santos, Jason Dominguez, Lunar Glow, Colby Thomas, how about another platinum paper, I've pulled a couple of those here recently, Colby Thomas, I just pulled a Jackson Holiday, that was my third one of one Jackson Holiday already, Adley Rookie Insert, pulled his Black Wave Otto from Bowman Draft and then there's Freddie Freedman, Fuchsia Paper and Corbin Carroll, Rookie Spotlight, pulled this non-auto super, hang on, that was a Cannes Collier, sorry my brain didn't catch up, and that one yesterday or the other day, Todd Bradley, listen to co-workers talk, I usually try to tune it out, Simon Juan, I smile and nod and try to read their bases to see if I should say that's cool or all that sucks, Brett Beatty, Rookie Insert, if you ever do that, you're not listening to somebody and you're like that's cool and they're like no it's not, like they just told you something sad, as we only have three breaks left to fill up for the day, we're at 412 and 14 on Prism, four box pick your team style breaks, Prism basketball, Kumar Atomic, Simon Kumar, Jacob Berry, Julianne and Colton Couser, Lunar Glow, we have a redemption, that is usually good news, Blue Refractor Otto to 150, come on, let's see Spencer Jones or Xavier Isaac, there he is, Rades, Xavier Isaac, Blue Refractor Otto to 150, nice one Tampa Bay, that is Joseph C, congrats Joseph, Lazaro Montez, PCA, Spencer Jones, Alidella Cruz, Curtis Mead, Neon Green, Colby Thomas, Paper to 399, Brooks Lee, Corbin Carroll, Rookie Insert, Matt Mervis, Riley Green, that's Rookie, Neon Green to 399, nice one Tigers, Jackson Holiday, there's Jacob Berry, Jordan Walker, Newellian Sedanio, Lunar Glow, Lears, that is Jacob Berry, Fuchsia Lunar Crater Refractor to 199, Marlins, Turmar, Spotlight, Luciano, here we go with the next box, number four, okay so far, Samuel Munoz, I get a great case though, Gal Vargas, Rookie Insert, maybe you have boring meetings, yeah, they happen, Sky Blue Paper, Jay Savina, Marcos Cabrera, Atomic, Coloss, Walker, Sites on September, Oscar Coloss, Lunar Glow, Rockies, Blue Refractor Auto to 150, Dion Jorge, Churio, he's the best auto ever, I was trying to figure out what he's talking about, yeah, interesting, it's like if an each-year-old auto got into a head-on collision, it's a Mejia, Oswaya Paula, Painter, and PG Refractor, that is one of 499, our next break, we have just the Blazers, Spurs, and Wizards on Prism Basketball Hobby, 4 box number 83, pick your teams, did I say 3, Juan Grissom, Lunar Glow, Jefferson Rojas, okay, Gunner Henderson, Rookie Insert, sorry that was a very silly fan of me, Francisco Alvarez, Rookie Spotlight, Carson Williams, next box, number five, Dion Jorge, Churio, Garrett Mitchell, Rookie Insert, Ellie Dela Cruz, Gonzalez, final James, Justin Henry Malloy, Atomic, Jonathan Mejia, Invicta, Hacel, Drew Jones, I wouldn't have an, I probably wouldn't have an opinion of it, I do not know soccer, Arias, Burgos, Lunar Glow, the only soccer I watch is on Ted Lasso, Padres, Refractor Auto to 499, or William Sedanio, Dela Cruz, Dion Jorge, Lava Refractor, I want to see Ruler Derby make a comeback, yeah they used to have Oswaya Paula, they used to have like little story lines and stuff, like they had, it was called the Ruler Games, Williams, Drew Jones, oh yeah I don't know, I mean Brady House, that box could have just as easily been a loose one sitting on our shelf, you know, Zach Bean, I don't think they're any shenanigans, shenanigans are too easy to spot, Nolan Gorman, Rookie Insert, there's Colby Thomas, Purple Ray Wave, Elijah Green, oh really, oh I don't know, Jason Churriot, Lunar Glow, Kristen Casas, Madey, Rookie Spotlight, Dela Cruz, box number six, Gabriel Moreno, Lazaro Montez, Tamar, Blaze Jordan, Elijah Green, Atomic, Painter, Purple Pattern Paper, Kyle Harrison to 199, nice one, Giants, Jordani and Juan Alonso, Aqua Lunar Creator, Refractor to 125, Christian Hernandez, Wilson Montgomery, Simon Juan Lunar Glow, this is Angels, first bowmanado, Caden Dana from Walker, Sights on September, Michael Bush, Marcello, Ryan Clifford, Robles Martinez, Narte, Francisco Ávarez, Rookie Insert, Paul Menárez, Spencer Jones, Churriot, Tavarez, Lunar Glow, Neto, Elijah Green, Rookie Insert, Tristan Casas, Rookie Spotlight, last pack of the first half of the case, Acunha, box number seven, Tamar, Justin Crawford, Rookie O, Joffrey Solano, Atomic, we're down to Blazers, Spurs and Wizards, three to go in our first 22-23 prism basketball hobby, four box pick your team style break, that is number 83, just those three teams left, teams are on sale, some big price cuts, Alondela Cruz there, Junior Caminero and Miguel Blyce, that is Speckle, 299, Christian Hernandez, Barraza, Robert Perez, Lunar Glow, Royals, Refractorado to 499, Diego Hernandez, let's see about our second half here, we started off on fire with that DePala Atomic Auto, get hot again, Marcello, Robert Hacel, Almanzardo, Drew Jones, Francisco Ávarez, Rookie Insert, Austin Wells, that is Nelson Rada, Lunar Glow, so last baseball break of the daytime, Riley Green, Rookie Insert, Kyle will be live tonight at five Eastern, doing the Thursday night group breaks, Lazaro Montez Spotlight, Roman Anthony, Max Muncie, Carlos Jorge, box number eight, Jared Mitchell, Junior Caminero, thanks Eddie, Sky Blue, Joey Vado, on Prism Basketball we have three, I'm sorry two now, two, 11 and 14 to go, Andrew Painter, Biasteros and Zach Geloff or Geloff, Thomas Gilbert, Matt McClain, Drew Jones, Modern Prospects, Drew Jones, Insert, Javier Osorio, Orioles, Otto Adam Crampton, Jake's Boy, Hansa Crampton, Raffaella, Justin Crawford and a Gold Shimmer, Vincent Peroso, Metz, go New York, the Gold Shimmer, Arias, Henry Davis, Brady House, Volpe, Torrio and Drew Jones, Jace Nolan Gorman, Rookie Insert, Logan Wagner, Blue Ray Wave to 150, Elijah Green, Sal Frillick, Ebona Royal, Lunar Glow, this is Modern Prospects Gold Refractor, Tamar Johnson, you go, nice one Pirates, Tincasa, Rookie Insert, Jackson Holiday, Barry Ford, two spots left on that first Prism Basketball break, Blazers are on sale from 249 down to 179 and Spurs from 99 down to 79, I'm going to pull a big sharp, I'm going to pull a gold sharp, pretty sharp, Torrio, I know, it's not bad, Oswald Parasa, I impressed the dad, nice, Abbey Hastella Cruz, Q-Shit Lunar Crater Refractor, yeah Hunter's been throwing out a lot of dad jokes here lately, yeah, Josué de Paula, Kumar Rocker, Christian Hernandez, Atomic, Henry Davis, Miguel Blyce, Zack Neto, Spencer Jones and Miguel Blyce, Lunar Glow, this is Rangers, Speckle Otto to 299, Andres Mesa, Calzer, Oscar Colas, Folsomont-Gumry, Tim Blazers and Spurs, last two teams left for Prism Basketball, four box number 83, pick your teams, Mervis, Nick Abel, James Altman, Josh Young, Rookie Insert, Gold Paper, Nevillean Sedanio, Padres, first bowman, Paper, Artega, Lunar Glow, Elijah Green, their walls is 0 for his last 25, 8Ks, 0 for 26 with 9Ks now, Adley Rookie Insert, that's not good, no, it's not what we need him to cool off, unfortunately I should have Drury in the second base spot instead of him right now, so I have a Kero Spotlight, Justin Foske, number 10, for 210 and 12 to go on Prism Basketball, four box pick your team style breaks, 210 and 12 and then Flawless Basketball, 21-22 Flawless Basketball to your random teams is sold out, Trario, Matt Mervis, Parasa, Kenny Gomez and Peyton Graham, Blue Raywave to 150, Jayce Young, Atomic, Curtis Mead, Yellow Paper, Rookie to 75, Miguel Vargas, Dodgers, Blice, little Watson, Lunar Glow, Marcello, Mariners, Blue Lunar Crater Refractorado to 150, Robert Perez Jr, 78 of 150, Tray Sweeney, Oscar Coloss, Kaminaro, Waller, Spino, Michael Arroyo, Sky Blue Paper, Josh Young, Rookie Inser, anybody good enough to get to the majors though, it can be like great ones, you know, the stars aligned just right, you know, or Donny, like there are players that have pitched perfect games that terrible. Who was it? Phillip Humber. What was that? 2010-2011, Bel Tray, never like that was done. Justin Crawford, we were just talking the other day about the Armando Galarago. Adley, Rookie Inser, Josh Young, Rookie Spotlight, yeah, that one was, that wasn't even a dang, dang play. That was like way out. Zach Beane, he was just stepping a half from you and touching the bag. Spurs are gone, just the Blazers left, one to go in number 83. Oh, Simon Juan, right, Bady, Rookie Inser, Avena, Piguero, great, I just hit one like three months. Great, great, when I'm not playing him, but he's not doing it terrible, he gets a home run. Awesome, it's like his first one in what, three months? I'm hoping seventh one of the season. Yeah, he hasn't hit one in a month. Jordan Lawler, he got a cookie. Allie De La Cruz, Purple Paper, 250, and Ruben Santana, Lunar Glow, Drew Jones. I think that's awesome, Land of a Thousand Rakes. Yeah, that's pretty cool. What's your favorite team slogan in all sports? Matt McClain? Team slogan? Like mine is Fear the Deer. It is such a good slogan.  Fire the cannons probably. Oh yeah, Allie De La Cruz, Modern Prospects. I know that's kind of biased, but it is cool. Yeah, the Bucks are the only football team, they're the only sports team, I legitimately despise. He told me because of Bo Jackson. Yeah, I hope the Bucks go oh, for the next ever sold out 83. 83 is sold out. Awesome. Could you drop the link next one? I got you. Number 84 is up after that. We have Nets, Bulls, Cavs, Rockets, Clippers, Bucks, T-Wolves, Sons, Blazers, and Jazz. 10 to go. Corbin Carroll, Rookie, Jackson Holiday, Jacob Berry, Lunar Glow, Yanquil Fernandez, is Henry Davis, Sights on September, Orange Refractor, to 25, Nice One Pirates. Gold, is it Tamar, or your Dany De La Sonto? Tamar. Samuel Munoz, Gold and an Orange, Insert 40 Pirates, Shate Langold Ears, William Lugo, Blue Shimmer, Nice Mets, Color Match, Paraza, Martinez and Cross, Paul Young. Let's double check here. Looks like we're missing Nato in that last one. Hopefully we get two here. Dionne Jorge, Ladies Jordan, Garrett Mitchell, Rookie Insert, Mr. Jones, Matt McClain, Jordan Lawler, Atomic, Luciano, Drew Jones, Modern Prospects, Team Kents, Lunar Glow, Hey, Seuss Baez, and Blue Jays, Greengrass, Refractor, out of to 99, Manuel Beltre, go Toronto, Blake, comes an Orange Shimmer, that is on Hell, Ganal, 25, 25, Guardians, the Orange Shimmer, yep, it was, Impeg, Jordan Montez, Brady House, Couser, I hope we find an extra in this one, happens sometimes, Harris, There was a show on that before, Nolan Gorman, Rookie Insert, Chase the Louder, Refractor, Lygia Green, Alcantara, Churio, Lunar Glow, Eston Casas, Leandre Arias, 399, Drew Jones, Spotlight, last pack, we'll say Ramos, here we go, quick recap, we had Jacob Berry, Fuchsia, Lunar Crater, Refractor to 199, Marlins, Base Autos, Twins, Brooks Lee, Orioles, Adam Crampton, Angels, Caden Dana, Royals, Diego Hernandez, that's Refractor to 499, Padres Refractor, no other incident, Rangers, Speckle to 299, Andres Mesa, Mariners, Blue Lunar Crater, Refractor to 150, Robert Perez, Reyes, Blue Refractor Auto Redemption, Xavier Isaac, Rocky's Blue Refractor Auto to 150, Dion Jorge, Blue Jays, Greengrass Refractor Auto to 99, Manuel Beltre, and Dodgers, Atomic Refractor, First Bowman Auto to 100, Josué de Paula, Good stuff, that'll do it for the break, thank you everybody, we have basketball coming up.


Hi there, I'm Sandy All Knock and today I'm going to teach you how to draw a cute Easter chick with his head stuck in an egg. So get out some pencils and let's do this.  Recently, I was sharpening one of my pencils on this little sander. It's basically a stump sander that I've used before and realized that you could sharpen your pencil point on it as well when you want to get that super fine point. So I bought a bunch of sanded papers and I'm going to use some of it today. This one is by UART and it's the least expensive of the fancy art papers but it is expensive. So I wanted to have another option so I got some of this 1000 grit sandpaper from my garage and decided to try that and I got a couple of pencils. A white, a light yellow, a bold kind of yellow, an orangeish kind of yellow, an actual orange, a gray and a black. And depending on what color sandpaper you have in your garage, you may or may not need all of these so it really depends. My black sanded paper and this is the art paper and it runs about three something a sheet when you buy it in a pad so it's not cheap but it's really fun to work with anyway. But it is 400 grits so if you have 400 grit sandpaper in your garage then go ahead and use it. The higher the grit, the more fine the lines that you can get with it. So we're going to start by drawing a half an egg so basically it's a half an oval and then a jagged edge on it and then the body of the chick is basically kind of an oval shape and then put a triangle on the back end of it so it's basically a rounded body with a triangle on the back so you get a tail. And then you need to draw the other half of the egg that has been broken off from the top half and draw a jagged edge on the foreground side and then just a little bit peeking out of the back. Two legs with three little toes coming out from each one. We'll keep that really simple. Drawing feet is hard and I avoid it at all costs so we're going to keep that simple. And we're going to start by using the orange color which will be our shadow color. And in this picture in my mind the light is coming from the right hand side so the shadows will be on the left hand side of each of the shapes. So right where the egg covers the chick is where the shadows will be and then I decided to add a wing just to put some interest in the body. So I put a curve down there and then I moved to my next yellow orange kind of color and put that right next to and on top of the orange and then added the strong yellow color put that on top of the other color so it would start to blend with them. And you can go back and forth on sandpaper and just add lots of layers to it as well. It's pretty forgiving for the most part. And then you can switch to that really light yellow and put that on the top side. And if you're going to switch the lighting and have it go on the other direction then just put your highlights in a different spot.  And then we're also going to have some bright color in that bottom section just because the underside of a chick tends to be more white. So it'll just add a little bit of interest and we've got more areas to blend. You can go back and blend it now. You can go back and work on it a little bit more later. I was anxious to get to the feet and the legs. So the dark orange color, just one line on the left side of each of the legs. And to keep it simple, just put some of the orange in each of the toes. And then for the highlight, take one of your two medium yellows and put a highlight on the right side of the leg. And then just mix some in with the toes. Don't worry about whether it's at the bottom or the top or anything because it's going to look great. Next up, you can do some other blending if you need to. But we're going to start working on the egg shell. So I'm going to use a gray pencil. It's kind of a medium gray and color on the left side of the egg because the highlight is going to be on the right side. So the left side is the shadow. And then when you put the white in, go bold on the highlight side. You want that to be nice and bright. And you can go in with multiple layers of it. So color the whole egg and then go back in and add more. You can always add more layers of white. Now, the art paper is going to last longer. It's got pH ratings and all that. The stuff in your garage is not necessarily going to do that.  And it's a lot of fun to color with. It works even better than regular papers because with regular papers, it doesn't scrape off the surface of the pencil. And this sandpaper really does. So for the egg shell on the bottom, we're going to do the same thing. Highlight on the right-hand side, shadow on the left-hand side. And you can see on the top egg, I added a little bounced highlight. You don't have to do that. That was just a little bit of extra fanciness. But on the backside of the egg shell, the white is on the left and the shadow is on the right. And I know that seems opposite of what I just told you. But on the other side, it's just a matter of the light shining into the egg. So it's going to make you look like you know what you're doing, even if you don't understand why.  Now this is the purple sandpaper from the garage and it happens to be 1,000 grit. 1,000 grit is a very fine grit. So I'm going to be able to get a lot more detail in this. I can draw it even smaller. If you're going to draw really small, you want a higher number in the sandpaper grit. If you're going to draw really big, you can handle a smaller grit number. And here I'm going to do my egg again with the gray on the left and the white on the right-hand side so I can get that dimension. And there's me doing the bounced light again, putting a little bit of white. And basically bounced light is something that is across the room from the chick is bouncing light back to it. So it has a second highlight, but that's not necessary. And then again, we're going from the orange to the yellow orange to the yellow and then we'll end up with that light yellow. So we just get this cascade of yellows that goes from dark to light so that we end up with those tail feathers being all bright and light. It looks very different on the purple paper just because it's purple paper, but I also have more fine lines I can do with this. I can get a different texture with it. I can really get my pencil in there nice and sharp and add fancy details to it that I can't add on the 400 grit. So it really depends on what kind of thing you're drawing, whether or not you want to get the higher grit or the lower grit, but most people will have more of the lower in the garage. So draw this bigger rather than smaller if that's the case. So I've got my legs in there and we'll do another of the shells with the backside. Remember being the opposite highlight on the left side and the right-hand side, that little tiny piece sticking up will be darker. And for the feet when you're doing shadows, if you want to make the feet look like they're curved then make a triangle under the feet. See how that's shaped like a triangle and then join all of it so it just goes off to the left and then you've got some shadows in there. In this one I've got enough of a detail I can put in there. I can add in some cracks anywhere where I have bends in the eggshell. I did add those as well onto my other one. They were a little more on the clunky side just cause that's the 400 grit sandpaper. So I hope you'll try this cute little chick. He's really adorable and doesn't require anything fancy.  And I will see you in Friday's video when we're gonna be working on a lot more chicks, okay? I'll meet you back here then.


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 system window watchdog. It will cover the main features of this peripheral used to detect software faults. The window watchdog is used to detect the occurrence of software faults. The window watchdog can be programmed to detect abnormally late or early application behavior. It is best suited for applications required to react within an accurate timing window. Once enabled, it can only be disabled by a device reset. An early wake-up interrupt can be generated before a reset happens to perform a system recovery or manage certain actions before a system restart. The window watchdog offers several features. The user can program the timeout value and the window width according to application needs. It can generate a reset under two conditions. When the down counter value becomes less or equal to 0x3f or when the watchdog is refreshed outside the time window. It can generate an early wake-up interrupt when the down counter reaches 0x40. The early wake-up interrupt can be used to reload the down counter in order to avoid a reset generation or to manage system recovery and context backup operations. As shown in the figure, the window watchdog uses the APB clock, or PCLK, as reference clock for its time base. The PCLK is provided by the RCC block. This clock is divided by 4096 and by a value programmed by the application. The application can also program the reload value of the down counter bits t6 to 0. The window width is controlled by bits w6 to 0. The WWDG is connected to the APV1 bus and clocked by the APB1 clock. The WWDG early interrupt output is connected to the position 0 of the NVIC. It is possible to select the hardware or software start via an option byte. In the hardware mode, the WWDG can be automatically enabled after reset. The window watchdog is frozen when the system is in one of the stop modes, but can remain active when the product is in sleep mode. The WWDG performs a system reset handled by the RCC block when a timeout occurs or when the WWDG is refreshed outside the allowed window. This diagram illustrates how the WWDG operates. When the 7-bit down counter rolls over from 0x40 to 0x3F, it initiates a reset. This happens if the application software does not refresh the WWDG on time. The early interrupt, if enabled, can be generated when the down counter reaches 0x40. If the software refreshes the WWDG while the down counter is greater than the value stored in bits W, 6 to 0, a reset is generated. This happens when the application refreshes the WWDG too early. No interrupt is generated in this case. To prevent a window WWDG reset, the WWDG refresh must happen while the down counter value is lower than the time value window and greater than 0x3F. This is illustrated by the green area. The refresh operation consists on reloading the down counter with bits T, 6 to 0. The WWDG can work either in hardware or software mode. In software mode, the application needs to enable the APB-1 watchdog clocks via the RCC. And set the bit WDGA to 1 in the WWDG in order to enable the watchdog. Note that once the watchdog is enabled, the application cannot disable it. Only a system reset can disable the watchdog clock. The low power enable bit can be set as well if the application wishes to keep the window watchdog activated even if the product is in sleep mode. In hardware mode, there is no need to enable the watchdog. The WWDG is counting down when the product is in run or sleep. The bits WWDGEN and WWDGSMEN are forced to 1 by the hardware. The down counter uses the APB-1 clock divided by 4096 and again divided by a division ratio selected by the application. This division ratio can be 1, 2, 4, or 8 as defined in the WWDG CFR register. The formula shown in this slide lets you determine the watchdog timeout value. When a system reset occurs, it is possible to identify which parts cause the reset thanks to status flags provided by the RCC block. The window watchdogs can be one of the sources. The early wake-up interrupt can be used in order to perform emergency tasks before the reset occurs such as data logging, data protection, watchdog refresh in order to prevent the reset or other emergency tasks. The EWI interrupt occurs whenever the down counter value reaches 0x40. It is enabled by setting EWI bit in the WWDG CFR register. The EWI interrupt is cleared by writing 0 to the EWIF bit in the WWDGSR register. The window watchdog is active when the device is in run or sleep modes. It is not available in stop or standby modes. In sleep mode, the window watchdog clock can be disabled by clearing the corresponding low-power enabled bit located in the RCC block.


Hey, I'm Matthew coast head dating coach and founder at commitment connection calm and today We're going to talk about how to talk to men if you're struggling to keep a Conversation going with a guy or you want to talk to a guy in a way. That's more attractive to him than this is for you so There's three different things three different ways To talk to a guy that I'm going to talk about today. That's really attractive But first let's talk about what doesn't work So a lot of times women will come to me and they'll say Matt, you know, I really want to I don't really want to you know, I have to talk about guy topics I don't want to have to learn about sports and do all those things just to let you know Talking about guy topics is not attractive. It's not necessarily unattractive. You know if a guy's into sports He might like a woman who's into sports too. It's just that he's not attracted to her typically for that It's usually like a plus, you know something added on top of it Another thing that a lot of time that you don't want to do is a lot of women will Kind of the like put men down, right? Because they see guys doing it to each other like, you know busting on each other and they'll be like Oh, well, maybe that's how I should talk to them and then they'll start busting on guys And what ends up happening when you do that that that one actually is very unattractive Like it's a guy will be repelled by you if you do it every once in a while. It can be cute But if you're doing it all the time, it can be incredibly unattractive and it can push a guy away If you're trying to talk like a guy all the time He's gonna start seeing you as just another guy, you know, and you'll end up in the friend zone You don't want that And the next one is relying on commonality. So There's this kind of this myth out there that you should, you know Find a whole bunch of commonalities with another person and and you know, that's something that's gonna be really attractive And and it is attractive to the extent that of friends, right? Making friends with somebody it can be cool to have other friends that are have similar commonalities But for a guy it might it could be something to talk about but it's not Attractive it's not gonna make him more attracted to you and making him more attracted to you is what we're talking about here So and then the last one is is having expectations I have women come to me all the time and they're like, oh mad I want to express my feelings to a guy, but he doesn't respond the way that I want him to You know, how do I express my feelings and get him to respond the way that I want him to and my answer to that is Express your feelings if you want to express your feelings, but don't expect him to respond in the way that you want him to respond he's a guy and he's gonna respond in a guy way and so that's My suggestion on that one is is don't have expectations Don't try to force a guy to respond the way that you want him to because that's incredibly unattractive as well So what does work? The first thing that works really well is telling stories. So Telling stories about your life telling stories specifically about your values like what you believe what? What you value in your life? What's important to you? what you're looking for in a relationship talking about other people and their lives and and you know correlating that to You know what you're looking for it's also a good way to screen guys is find out what How he feels about those topics you can you can get all of that out of them If you tell a story instead of talk to him directly about it Another thing another story that you might want to tell is something that you're excited about and so just to kind of Talk about stories a little bit stories are Really powerful because we've been We've been we were telling stories way before written language was developed in human history and so if you tell a story it kind of like makes somebody sit back and relax and just start listening to you and it can take them through a lot of emotions and That can be incredibly attractive and if you talk about things that you've done that you that we're exciting or things That you're going to do that you're excited about doing that can be incredibly attractive as well and then the last thing in stories is Talking telling stories about things that you've done that are feminine So things that you've done if you if you're not sure what feminine being feminine is like It's it's kind of this caring nurturing side of you And if you tell stories about that side of you that can be incredibly attractive to a man too because a lot of men Even if they're not consciously looking for that they're you know subconsciously like they hear that story and they're like Oh man, you know and they start seeing you as as somebody that they could be with in a long-term Relationship because of that feminine side that you're conveying through a story and so the second thing that you do want to talk about is Talk about what he's passionate about a lot of times. I'll have women come to me and they'll say Matt I can't get him to talk You know How do I get him to talk and if you want to get a guy to talk talk about what he's passionate about find out What he's interested in you don't have to know anything about it Just let him babble on and talk and blah blah blah, you know a lot of guys if you tell a guy If you get a guy talking about what he's really passionate about most guys can talk about that forever And it doesn't necessarily have to be his job. It could be whatever he's really passionate about in his life And so the last thing That Well, and I kind of talked about this a little bit earlier is the last thing that you want to talk about is things that you're excited about in the future and You know and that kind of goes along with this idea that I talked about in some of my other materials Which is you know having an exciting and interesting life, right? And if you have things going on a lot of women come to me and they're like Oh, well, you know, I don't want to start doing things because I want to have a guy with me you know, and I want us to do them together and It's so much more attractive to a guy if you're already doing interesting things, you know Because then it's like oh, I want to be a part of that.  That's she's an awesome life I want to be a part of that and so yeah So that's the three things that you want to do is tell stories talk about what he's passionate about and talk about Exciting things that you have going on in the future So that's it for today if you want more information on how to attract a quality man into a committed Lasting relationship make sure you go to my website at commitment connection calm and take the quiz there I'm Matthew coast and I'll speak with you again soon


I'm Jay Fidel with this stink tech commentary. A few days ago, I made a video complimenting grassroots institute on its 20th anniversary. I would add, however, that we don't always agree with them. Their newsletter this morning opposed vaccine passports on the basis that that would be a violation of privacy. I don't agree with that at all. We're in an emergency with COVID. It's an existential threat and getting more threatening all the time. The Delta Surge is infecting and killing more people every day. We have to do everything we can to slow it down. In short, it's a matter of life and death. I join and encourage, no, I demand that our public officials implement a vaccine passport immediately. I appreciate the grassroots views are based in large part on its libertarian and conservative origins, but in this case, those ideologies should not apply. We should have vaccine passports just as we have national passports. It's not a matter of privacy at all. In taking its position, grassroots is really saying that it doesn't want to encourage people to take vaccines. That's clear enough. And in the context of the pandemic, it's completely irrational to protect, if not to save our economy, our community, and our society, all goals that grassroots has otherwise espoused, we need to take vaccines. And we need to have vaccines and mask requirements and mandates. And to achieve that, we need to have vaccine passports. Let's do that now without further delay. This is an emergency. Grassroot is completely wrong on this and it should reconsider its position. Mahalo.