Tom here for more systems and we're going to dive into PF sense firewall rules some basics and some troubleshooting tips Because well, they aren't that hard once you know them But of course that's always the learning curve what seems to be easy or when people say oh that seems so obvious now It's because there's a few knowledge gaps So my goal right now is to bridge some of those knowledge gaps now The good news is what I talk about here are general firewall rules and may apply to more than just PF sense So some of this is just some general network engineering the concepts of firewalls how the rules and how traffic gets passed or stopped is You know fairly the same and I'm gonna talk a little bit during this about those differences PF sense is my favorite firewall as anyone who's watched the channel knows So that's why I'm covering it specifically with PF sense But as I said these general rules are going to apply more than just PF sense But this hopefully gives you a good idea of how it works How you can do some troubleshooting and how to dig through some of the logs and a couple of utilities All of this is built into PF sense To be able to troubleshoot this so you can figure out why something is or is not working before we dive into that Let's first feel like to learn more about me or my company head over to Lawrence systems calm If you'd like to hire short project There's a hires button right at the top if you'd like to help keep this channel Sponsor-free and thank you to everyone who already has there is a join button here for YouTube and a patreon page Your support is greatly appreciated if you're looking for deals or discounts on products and services We offer on this channel check out the affiliate links down below They're in the description of all of our videos including a link to our shirt store We have a wide variety of shirts that we sell and new designs come out well randomly So check back frequently and finally our forums forums.laurancesystems.com is where you can have a more in-depth discussion about this video and other tech Topics you've seen on this channel now back to our content All right, I am running this in my virtual lab for simplicity because the number of connections on our primary PF sense Well, they're extensive and sorting through a lot of connections Is where you want to scale up to but when you're sorting out with a few connections makes a lot easier to get started So my lab here my main server is 192.1683.152 and my laptop that I'm using to access it is on the WAN side So we've opened up a port normally you're going to be doing this more than likely at least from the inside of the network and By default PF sense does not have any ports open the defaults are very secure with PF sense Nothing's open So we did change default to open up the WAN in order for me to access it from my laptop Now my laptop is this is at 3.152 and my laptop is at 3 to 18 so you'll see that reference quite a bit just want to get that out of the way first and Then we have in the back end of the lab here This and this is my Debian box that is behind the PF sense This is all attached via virtual network adapters I have whole videos on using XC PNG and getting started for building a virtual lab for this So it has an IP address of <IP_ADDRESS> So this is the box that's going to be where server host that's going to be behind the PF sense that will be doing all the testing on They do have documentation of course at the Netgate docs and I'll leave a link to this It's just the firewall rule basics that they're going to dive into a few other pieces I want to get you to start with the basics, but there's actually quite a bit in here I'm in one thing of note and this is where it applies to perhaps other firewalls is Floating rules now PF sense takes for each network interface You have and creates a firewall tab. So when you go over to the rules tab You have for each created interface a tab that's generated including I don't have one in here, but open VPN So that is where the rules start now the default when you create new interfaces no rules and will pass no traffic This is actually the first troubleshooting tip is every time you create an interface You have to at least create a pass rule to pass traffic because the default is not so this is the Actually out of the box default for land the default allow land to any rule because the land By default gets access to everything now the reason I brought up floating rules is some firewalls Don't use the term floating rule now floating rule means rules that can apply In a broader sense to all interfaces with both directions It's kind of an interesting Advanced inside of PF sense, but some firewalls That's how all rules are treated in one giant page and there can be arguments made back and forth for this I prefer the method that PF sense in other firewall companies have chose where they create a List and you apply rules on a per interface you still have an option to universally apply rules But for doing large networks and we've dealt with some of the firewalls That just dump it all on one page some people like well you get this one single paying view and I'm like but you also have to Have this large view every time you try to sort something out so it becomes a little more complicated I like that the rules are there so Debate that all you want this is how it is in PF sense But that is what the floating rules are and yes you could create any of these rules as floating But there's actually floating is more advanced when I did my video and you can search this on my channel for a Cattle queue you create that as a floating rule so it will apply to all interfaces an example of one to use it There's other times like when I do the whole VPN rule You want to take everything and wrap it in a VPN that's a floating rule So you can apply it to multiple interfaces including my VPN kill switch video once again floating rule So it doesn't matter what interface it applies to all right back to the firewall basics here The friend of the firewall basics is the logs not enough people stop I that's the first question you're going to ask every time you are new to pf sensing you post Hey, I can't get this to work You almost immediately see someone go where's your logs and a lot of times you find the answer in the logs Now one thing I've done from default and we're going to open this up in a new tab I Like this log shown in reverse entry and a default is 50 and I usually change it to 100 That's just so it lists out the logs a bit longer So here show log entries in reverse order newest entries at the top. I wish that was the default that is at least something I should Say that I do change all the time that just makes it easier when I look at something and get a view It will actually will just click it first without filtering And there's your normal view and all the log informations at the top now default It's all it's also only going to be showing the firewall rules firewall rules It logs the denies, but it doesn't log the past you can change that and well There's a little checkbox when you're creating a rule So we'll talk about that when we get to the rule creation But at the top here is a little filter and we want to filter it to only things coming from my laptop Which is at 3.18. We could also do The other side like destination IP address. What is the internal address? So we mentioned and Right here is the SSH into it. So here's that 192 168 40 129 That's the WM box I have and we could also you know look at rules Related to that and I believe we do this. I don't know if there's anything in there right now Yeah, probably not it's not it's not been denied anything But this is where you're gonna be able to go through look for past block now by default all the rules It's only logging the block if you do choose to log pass one It does take up more resources to be able to dump these in here So that's why it doesn't do it by default because well, you don't need all that logged But you could also do that for troubleshooting purposes All right, so let's go ahead and Go ahead and look at the rules themselves close that one So take a look here at the WAN now. These are all rules. I created I have it on port 5 5 5 as you can see at Their top so I created a WAN rule to allow 5 5 5 I was playing with dark stats So that's why 6 6 6 is open and 2 2 2 is going directly to the firewall And this is an auto-generated rule from that. There's our IP address of the server So, you know, I'm setting the destination to be this firewall this firewall Which means land on the firewalls WAN IP address if it has multiple you can choose that And for here we have a rule for landing on port 22 and then that now I'll cover briefly that I have a separate video on how to do that But when you do that that's under a separate tab that is actually really easy in PF sense because it auto creates the rule A lot of firewalls keep NATs separate and make you create the rules separate and this is kind of an Annoyance now the home and consumer stuff doesn't do this But a lot of the commercial stuff do first you create a NAT translation rule that means hit this public side of the IP address and Bring it to this private side of the IP address and then you have to create a rule as well as a NAT Translation so the NAT translation is the redirect then the filter rule is the rule that says alright It comes here and allow it to go there. So we'll edit this rule real quick and just walk through it So interface WAN if we had more interfaces you just pull down protocol was TCP Destination WAN address if there was more than one ad address you could choose that like if there was multiple public IPs You can say destination range. This is port 22 for SSH Then we have the IP address 192 40 and 168 40 dot 129. That's our devian server back there Redirected port now. This is a nice feature what port it comes in on and what port it lands on can be different generally It's the same if you have a web server on port 80 on the internal side and you have it on a different port Other it can be different, but generally it is the same it's but it does allow for that as use case it also does ranges and Just so you know when you're doing the range right here if I start at 22 and put 30 here It starts at whatever number I start here and automatically that's what there's not a second part Automatically adds those other ranges. So if you're forwarding a range of ad ports, it does allow that I put a description in and It automatically creates the filter rule this is what I'm up for the filter rule and here you can hit view rule and I'm pivoted over to it and That's that rule that's auto generated when you create a new NAT rule for that So that's how those rules get in there Like I said, I have a separate video where I cover NAT a little bit more in depth now Let's look at the land. This is the default anti-lockout rule and what these are is to keep you from Locking yourself out of the PF sense.  So that's what we have an 80 as a redirect rule That way when you hit port 80 it redirects to whatever port you've moved it to or left it at default Which is 443 I do prefer to move it to a different port We use 555 in this case for the web interface that we're looking at right now 222 happens to be the SSH interface so from the LAN side we can SSH into the 222 now It does have the option to turn on You know blocking and things like that and I have it open externally But it's going to apply the blocking such as to any user attempts and things like that For specifically admin of the firewall via SSH that is not open by default on the way But when you open it you can turn on the blocking on there and I won't get too in-depth on that But this is why it's called anti-lockout rule and you noticed there's Not anything you can do but go to the settings page and if you would like to disable the anti-lockouts That's right here. So those rules generally are left at default and perfectly fine because we assume LANs admin Now when I created LAN to and I have a whole thing about creating interfaces, there was no rules on here So we created a couple rules. Well, this one's technically wrong Um, I have it blocking at 443. So let's fix that real quick And what this does is by default when you create an allow rule It is allowed to talk to the firewall that may be a problem because if you want this to be let's say a guest network 34 all right block access to firewall Interface and because I changed the port All right save apply what that means is anything on land to has now been denied access to Port 555 what that does for you is say, all right, here's land to it's our guest network And we don't want to access the web interface on the particular machine matter of fact I should if I were going to be more security conscious we can create another rule that says block So we'll actually do that real quick We want to block TCP 666 666 block access to Dark stat. I know I have dark stat set up on here on port 666 and it's listening on the firewall port So this now will block access to that now the rules are top down. So if I were to do this and then Hit save apply What I have now done is it's going to say hey you can do whatever as long as you're not matching land net So this particular rule says allow traffic, but don't allow it to land. So that's what the invert matches. Let me just show so action pass Interface land to address family IPv4 protocol any make sure because when you create a rule by default It defaults the protocol TCP so change it to any because this is another problem a lot of people are into and a creator rule to Allow traffic. They don't change it to protocol any they'll only have TCP Well, that actually means it'll partially work some things will work But not all things and the reason why any TCP protocols will work, but all the other ones will start failing But now what we've done is The destination is long as it's not land net now another option in here If you have a series of addresses you can put aliases in the terms of guest network You can put like a list of RFC 1918 addresses like you just block all private address. So a couple different options there I have a separate video as well on how to set up and build like a secure network and that's one of the ways I say to do it. I'll leave a link to that down below as well as I have a lot of different topics on this So I don't have to dive too deep into those so the top down and This is a lot of traffic and this is that log packets that are handled by this rule That is the default does not check but that's what will fill things up in the log Which is great for troubleshooting bad if you don't have enough storage So I use that wisely in terms of you know, how much you want to have dedicated that But important thing is that this one needs to be on the bottom. We need all of the block rules to be Starting at the top. So deny deny you can't go there You can't go there once it gets past those things to confirm that that host is not trying to access the things That it's not allowed to access then it hits the allow rule. So that's why the rules are in that order now a couple little side notes here is Block rules You can easily Create this and then we'll say add another separator Allow rules now. You don't have to do this. These are just separators that just look pretty But when you're dealing with large networks, it does help We've got some companies with a lot of Lot of port forwards and a lot of special rules in place now because of that you have this Well too many rules to look at to make it easy So we group them all together because each one is related to a different property They manage in certain ports that need to be forwarded for different things. So it's kind of nice to be able to do that This is the little dividers are certainly something to give you a visual appeal when you're setting up firewalls It's a feature that I'll know it doesn't make any functional difference. It's just a separator literally to make it a little bit easier Now let's look at the firewall rules on land where we'll do a little bit of testing and troubleshooting So we have this that says the defaults allow to any rule now that means it can go wherever it wants We can see all the states in there. So the state details now what a state is is anytime the Hosts connects through the firewall It has to create a state in that state. They'll tell you how many creations it has how many things are doing on there and you can click it and Look at this specifically the state tables related to that and filter them much better than filtering that where you want to watch things a Little better would be watching it under pftop. So this is under diagnostics pftop, and I've covered this in my troubleshooting video for PF sense so if we just say we're going to say just this host I want to see what states this particular host has and what it what's going on and because I'm ssh into it You can see and we if I identify exit out You have these states. So you have 192 168 40 dot 120 import 123 reaching out to a time server 3.18 my laptop and it's connecting in and landing on port 22 And you can see that this has now changed to a wait state because it's getting ready to close now the state tables if we're going to go ahead and Ssh back into them now we have active ones. So we have established established This is your excellent tool for troubleshooting what might be happening with any particular rules So whether or not those rules are working whether or not things are coming across I could filter right now. We're filtering for this host here But we could also change it and say 192 and 68 3.18 and we can see what is The host on the outside doing so you can use this with public ip address private ip addresses But this is one of the ways you can try to look at and try to figure out what the rules are doing if you see nothing in here And that means there's no Traffic passing between the firewall. That's a other indicator of why something isn't working. You may have been too aggressive with your blocking rules And you've now blocked it from even getting out people like well It's not seeing connection. Is it the server or is it pf sense causing a problem? That's where you would probably want to start here at pftop Is it creating an established state and losing it is a state dropping what's happening now another note I'll make about rules and this is another point of confusion that sometimes happens.  So this net rule says when address And allow ssh allow me to ssh into that virtual machine behind there And there's of course the associated rule under firewall rules When so here we go allow remote access now I can edit these rules and we'll start editing them at the net level Well, we can edit them either way. We'll just we're just going to turn it off essentially So we're going to go here And net allow vm. So if you click it now, it's grayed out. We just took that rule down but Go back over here. We still see established we go over here to terminal Hey, look I can still um Get in here. I didn't stop my axis This is an important aspect of the way state tables are created when you now have blocked I've told pf since that's it that rule is dead. You can't ssh back into the machine, but it does not Automatically clear existing established state tables. So when we look over here, we see these established state tables And let's go ahead and exit Try to ssh back in it won't let me And now we'll see these go to They're getting ready to close. They're at fin weight. So now this one's getting ready to close and it'll go away This is one of those really important troubleshooting things of when you change a rule to stop something from happening But you still see it happening it you have to look if there's any established rules This is an important concept in there. So the will not automatically be cleared now They can be cleared because you can go over to diagnostics states And you can even filter for that particular one filter And we could actually forcibly we're just going to clear these states right here. Are you sure you want to clear this state? Yep, I should run a clear state now You can actually go in and reset all states and that can just be a headache that'll just stop everything That's like an emergency move. You don't necessarily want to do that But it is an option there So you can actually just drop all the state tables kill all the states kill the filtered states with this right here matter of fact, just I If you can't kill them, it'll also if you're connected to web interface Pause while your system reestablishes all the states for that. So that's kind of A good way to understand the state tables is once they're existing they don't automatically die But you can just nuke them so to speak without rebooting the firewall But that's very disruptive to your users. That's the part to remember They will reestablish But if there was any phone calls going anything going on behind that firewall if you drop all state tables They may not reestablish without hanging up first because everything kind of has to be renegotiated and if we go over here to the firewall log 192 and 68 3.18 my laptop and because we told it to block the ssh and we filtered it So we said Show me the blocks show me the destination part of 22 because we had turned that rule off and now there's denies But because we have it allowed again and we'll go back over here Cannot connect and we go make sure actually let me double check make sure I got the rule enabled so firewall rules Oh didn't hit apply. All right. So now this is enabled again. Go back over here And we're logged right back in Pretty straightforward in terms of that once you you know had a grayed out hit it again It's re-enabled now. This is a linked rule back over to the nat like I had said So I could have disabled the nat rule But either way you kind of get the concept on the firewall rule of how to do that Now the last thing I want to talk about is when you're trying to troubleshoot things in that broader sense That's where you can also use pftop to help like pivot through any of this and actually me too many tabs open All right, and we're back over here at pftop. We're focusing on host 192 168 40.129 So we focused on that we focused on a protocol tcp So we've narrowed down what we want to look at on this or we could even focus on udp It's as simple as that so we can see where Things are going on this so you can focus on even icmp So what about paying things so you can actually there's no pings going on but let's go in here and ping Google.com And away we go we've got some icmp traffic on there now. This is also where you want to look at the rules and let's Go back over here firewall rules. We'll open a new tab so we can keep that open over there We're going to look at the land because that's where this is located and we're going to add A block rule and we don't want icmp traffic. We say, you know what no one should be able to ping on this network So we're going to block it block it on land doesn't matter where it's going.  We're not going to do it. What I meant icmp. I chose the wrong one Glad I caught that And it does even have the options here for subtypes if you have like only block the echo reply or whatever you want to do It so we're going to hit save apply So now we have this default block that so we go over here And it does resolve It doesn't allow ping to come through. So now that's being blocked and we look over here We see no ping but if we drop all this And we look at what the host does so right now we have It's got port 53 and we'll actually see when I shrink this down a little bit Each time you go to ping a new place. It's going to make a new established connection. So it's actually ping like You can see each of these port 53 dns Queries going through so each one of those starts and like I said this gives you that diagnostic you're looking for All right, I see it doing this it goes out to port 53, but there's no pings coming back There's no icmp traffic going back So then you can go what do the rules look like and we can see that now one more example is going to be We'll go here And if we move this down to the bottom like I said So rules are out of order essentially I said hey block it but because there's an allow above Take a second to reload here There we go The rules are reloaded. There's a moment pause. That's why it says when you do this it says monitor the filter reload process And it just lets you know when it's done if you have a lot of rules and you depending on speed of your firewall It'll take a second to go through here But now we've done that but that means we can now go back to pinging icmp traffic goes across We go over here to the diagnostics and hey look here's all that traffic icmp traffic And proto icmp Now we can watch what's going across there So all these get you an idea of how to get the firewall rules started how to get them going and Start drilling down in there So for each one you create you need to create at least some allow rule to allow it to go somewhere A couple other tips when you're creating these allow rules when you create a new interface because let's say you want to Guess you don't want it to have access to the other one So that's that the deny where it was an inverted deny saying hey you can go anywhere but land I have another video I'll link to where I dive a little more in that one important rule You cannot block access to the firewall itself You can block access to ports on a firewall such as the web interface But i've seen people tried to say i don't want it to be able to access the firewall Well the firewall is the gateway it has to get out so devices on that network do have to get out So that's another mistake i see a lot of people make when they're doing it is they go Well, I denied access to the firewall for security and i'm like no you need to allow it to the firewall You also need to unless you have another solution allow dns And you can do that where you can block dns on there if you want block port 53, but if you block port 53 Overall now, we can't do any dns and now you've also broken The hosts on there that rely on dns unless they have another method by which to resolve names So you have to be careful on what you block on there It is important to block the web interface on those extra interfaces But not all of it and using pftop and the firewall log rules and just checking a little log box on there To turn on logging to help troubleshoot those rules to see if there's even a log file of them Or if there's anything being established that helps you a lot with whether or not you have just a basic networking problem on the host side A greater problem where it is going through the firewall But not establishing on the other end and whether or not that traffic's returning and those are all the tools you use to diagnose So check your logs always go through there Go ahead and turn it on for a reverse sort order, which I guess that I wish was the default That's very helpful So they're always at the top and use a little filter icon at the top to help narrow down because Once you have this in an established network with a lot of connections pfSense does a great job of allowing you to filter it But if you were to just look at like our connections at any given moment There's thousands of these little state tables created So it can be a little bit daunting at first, but that's those little filters are for all right and thanks And thank you for making it to the end of the video If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up if you'd like to see more content from the channel Hit the subscribe button and hit the bell icon if you like youtube to notify you when new videos come out If you'd like to hire us head over to laurancesystems.com fill out our contact page and Let us know what we can help you with and what projects you'd like us to work together on If you want to carry on the discussion head over to forums.laurancesystems.com Where we can carry on the discussion about this video other videos or other tech topics in general Even suggestions for new videos. They're accepted right there on our forums, which are free Also, if you like to help the channel in other ways head over to our affiliate page We have a lot of great tech offers for you and once again, thanks for watching and see you next time


Man okay keep your place there in Exodus We're gonna be going back and forth there, but the sermon this morning was kind of it was a sermon It's a sermon that I've wanted to preach for years, but I never really felt like There was a there was a platform for me to do so and I got thinking about our trip that we're taking Up to these trees the trees are called the general grant tree and the general Sherman tree after two Union generals And there was this kind of expired this sermon this morning And I just wanted to preach this sermon because I think that there's a lot of I really want to dispel two myths this morning That hopefully aren't among Christians, but are amongst a lot of people in my generation and even younger than myself And I want to talk to you. I want to if I had a title for the sermon this morning It would be called the the truth about the Civil War and that's the sermon I want to preach this morning, and I want to give you I want to dispel some myths from the Bible this morning and talk about These myths what the Bible actually says and how people have twisted the Bible in in these areas and It's it's caused a lot of damage in our in our country, and it's not something that we should be involved in today, so we're gonna go through a lot of Bible this morning we're to go through a lot of history this morning and tie that in with the Bible and see how People have misused the Bible in in our country, and you know there's a reason that we had the verse of the week The what it was and the first Excuse me the first myth I wanted to spell for you this morning is that the Bible condones What we know today as slavery and you notice that you notice that the Bible Uses this word servant or men's servant and maid servant the King James Bible Calls it that modern Bible versions will actually just use the word slave and slavery Okay, and that according to you know most Americans thinking we equate that with you know the slavery of the 17 and 1800s in The United States so the first myth that I wanted to spell For you this morning is that the Bible condones the slavery as we know it today as Americans You know slavery of the 1700s and 1800s and the reason that this is important is because slavery in the United States in the 1700s and especially the 1800s in the South was Was justified by clergy Using the Bible and they justified it You know from taking Bible verses, you know out of context and twisting what the Bible actually said Let me give you a couple examples of some southern clergy Justifying slavery using the Bible One one quote says this a fellow Reverend from Virginia agreed that on no other subject are the Bible's instructions more explicit Or their salutary tendency and influence more thoroughly tested and corroborated by experience on the sub then on the subject of slavery a Methodist in the Methodist Episcopal Church This in the South it asserted that slavery quote has received the sanction of Jehovah a South Carolina Presbyterian concluded quote if the scriptures do not justify slavery I do not know what they do justify So you see that clergy in the South especially was using the Bible to justify What happened in America particularly in the late 1700s to Around 1860, okay, so let's take a look at the Bible. Let's look at what the Bible says about biblical servitude And let's compare that with The slavery in America, okay, so you're there in Exodus 21 look down at verse number two Let's just do a little bit of a Bible study here for a few minutes What the Bible says about servitude why did God Institute? This system all right and in Exodus chapter 21 and verse 2 the Bible says if thou by in Hebrew servant Six years he shall serve and in the seventh year he shall go out free for nothing If he came in by himself He shall go out by himself if he were married then his wife shall go out with him if his master have given him a wife And she have born him sons and daughters the wife and her children shall be her masters And she shall go out by himself. He shall go out by himself And if the servant shall plainly say I love my master my wife and my children. I will not go out free Then his master shall bring him into the judges He shall also bring him to the door or unto the doorpost and his master shall bore his ear through with an all And he shall serve him forever He'll give him a mark in his ear that says he will serve this master forever And if a man sell his daughter to be a maid servant, she shall not go out as the men servants do so here we see that there are several detailed rules on What a mass the relationship between a master and a servant and the first rule that sticks out is that? This servitude is to last for seven years Okay, so it's not that someone is to be a servant forever Unless he gets married and has children and he wants to you know continue to support that family and You know then that the Bible also gives him a way to stay keep that family together Okay, that's very important turn to Deuteronomy chapter 15 So we see that there are detailed rules and we see that this servitude is not supposed to be a lifelong Issue unless the servant actually decides that they want to serve in that capacity They want to keep that job they want to keep working for that man who is their master, okay? So he has that freedom to choose that Look at Deuteronomy 15, then we see some backup to what we saw at Exodus 22 And the Bible says this in verse number one it says at the end of seven years now shall make a release and This is the manner of the release every creditor that Lendith ought unto his neighbor shall release it And he shall not exact it of his neighbor or of his brother because it is called the Lord's release So here is the first time that we see that the seven years The seven-year period is also tied to creditors and debtors Okay, so this is a clue that it matches up perfectly with servitude to a master So after seven years Servants go free and after seven years Debt's are erased and the reason that it says that in Deuteronomy 15 I'm going to show that to you is because debt and servitude are the same thing The servitude of the Bible was because of debt It was because of a financial reason So you say well, you know turn to Leviticus 25 Leviticus 25 you say was that fair because isn't aren't the rich just going to get richer and Pretty soon the person that owns all the land He'll just have everybody working for him under servitude and pretty soon, you know, some people are just better at making money, right? I mean, that's true. Some people are really good at making money out in this world It's never it's no different back then some people are really good at it So aren't the poor people just going to have no land eventually and then the rich people are going to have all the resources and all the land and then all the poor people are just going to end up working being servants to the To the rich people and they may go out after seven years, but they'll just have to go back in again We'll look down at Leviticus chapter 25 look at verse number six And the Bible says this and the Sabbath of the land shall be meat for you For thee and for thy servant for they made and for that hired servant And for thy stranger that sojourneth with thee and for thy cattle and for the beasts that are in the land Shall all the increase thereof be meat and now shall it number seven Sabbaths of years unto thee Seven times seven years and the space of seven Sabbaths of years shall be unto thee 40 and nine years so we see something special coming up now Not only was there this time of after seven years There was this debt release and the servants were to be released of their debt to their master But now that we see in after the 49th year seven times seven We see something extra happens here And then she'll tell cause the trumpet of the jubilee to sound on the 10th day of the seventh month and in the day of atonement Which is their their yearly? yearly celebration or yearly Ceremony shall you make the trumpet sound throughout all your land and you shall hallow the 50th year and proclaim Liberty through all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof and it shall be a jubilee unto you And you shall return every man unto his possession and you shall return every man unto his family So the way that this worked was any land that you had sold Say you needed money and you sold your family's inherited land to someone else The value of that land and I'm not we're not gonna don't have time to get into all the detail But basically the value of that land would be based upon how many years left there was before the 50th year So if I if there was 49 years before the year of jubilee and I had a parcel of land to sell brother Trevor it would be worth a lot of money Because there's 49 years that they would get to keep that land, but after the 50th year it comes back to me See that's God's law Now if I sold brother Trevor that same parcel of land when there was one year left Then it's not going to be worth as much Because he only has one year to use that land and then it's going to go back to me after one year and the Bible actually Details out that actual value structure the the Bible is very detailed about this So, you know the 50th year not only not only is every seven years the servants to be released But every 50th year people that sold land get it back their family gets that land back Okay, that's the way God set up this land that he gave The children of Israel because God gave them the land All right now in in let me just speak to this real quick and Leviticus 25 It also talks about you know the heathen of the land, you know, she'll be your bond servants forever But I want to point this out real quick that first of all That does not apply today Because has God given us land and wrote it in the Bible how we are to you know treat the heathen That's next to us after he gave us the land This is very specific to this land that God gave them All right, so we cannot apply that to us God did not give us Specific land and say, you know for this family if this is your land in North Dakota for this, you know It's it only applies to them But let's look at oppression oppression of servants. How are they supposed to be treated? It still doesn't even matter because a servant or a maid servant is to be treated a very certain a specific way or They are to be basically let go or there's even punishment in in store for the master turn to Jeremiah 34 and let's look at a situation where people went against God's law against God's Command to let servants go when they were supposed to let them go and let's see what God does and what God says to those people Jeremiah 34 Jeremiah 34 we're going to start in verse number eight Jeremiah 34 I'll let you get some time to get there in verse number eight and the Bible reads This is the word that came unto Jeremiah from the Lord After that the kings that after that king the king's edukai had made a covenant with all the people that were at Jerusalem To proclaim liberty unto them this liberty is that is that seven-year release is their liberty It's the same wording. That's an exodus 21 that every man should let his maid man servant Then he even explains it that every man should let his man servant and every man is made certain Servant being a Hebrew or a Hebrewist go free that none should serve himself or them to wit of a Jew his brother Now when all the princes and all the people which had entered into the covenant heard that everyone should let his man servant And everyone has made servant go free see they weren't doing it and Jeremiah corrected them and then they started doing it That none should serve themselves of them anymore than they obeyed and they let them go but afterward they turned and Caused the servants and the handmaids whom they had let go free to return And brought them into subjection for servants and for handmaids Therefore the word of the Lord came unto Jeremiah from the Lord saying thus sayeth the Lord God of Israel I made a covenant with your fathers in the day that I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt out of the house of Bond men saying he says I made a covenant with you when you were servants and when they were under Egyptian Servitude they were being ruled with rigor. They were being ruled with brutality. They were what we would call slaves today Under the Egyptian so God is saying to them Hey, I brought you out of servitude and you're going to mistreat your Servants and maid servants this way after I gave you specific rules on how you would you would enter into these agreements and Then the Bible says in verse 14 at the end of seven years let you go every man his brother in Hebrew Which had been sold unto thee and we have served these six years thou shalt let him go free from thee But your father's heart could not unto me neither incline their ear this implies that they weren't doing this for generations They were just keeping people they kept them Verse 15 and now and ye were now turned and had done right in my sight and proclaiming liberty every man to his neighbor There's that word liberty again, and you had made a covenant before me in the house Which is called by my name But ye turned and polluted my name and Caused every man his servant and every man his handmade whom he had said at liberty at their pleasure to return and Brought them into subjection to be unto you for servants and for handmaids Therefore thus sayeth the Lord you have not harkened to me in proclaiming liberty this seven-year release Everyone do his brother and every man do his neighbor behold. I proclaim a liberty for you Sayeth the Lord to the sword to the pestilence and to the famine And I will make you to be removed into all the kingdoms of the earth and what happened right at this time the Babylonian King came and Carried away the children of children of Judah He said I'll proclaim liberty for you to the sword and to the pestilence, and I want you to keep your place in Jeremiah 34 because when I start talking about the Civil War we're gonna go right back to this verse And we're gonna see how this is exactly what God did Look it's It gets even better look at Leviticus 25 verse 39 God gets so detailed with his rules you you almost can't mess it up In verse 39 of Leviticus 25 The Bible says if thy brother that dwelleth by thee wax and pour and be sold unto thee Thou shalt not compel him to be as a bond servant God is saying I would prefer That if somebody by you becomes poor and even owes you money I would prefer you not to take them as a bond servant I would prefer you not but as an hired servant and as a sojourner He shall be with thee and shall serve thee unto the year of jubilee that seven year That's seventh year and then he shall depart from me both he and his children with him and shall return unto his own Family and unto the possession of his father's he shall return so babes basically the Bible is even discouraging people from this kind of action towards someone He's saying hey if somebody owes you money if your brother or neighbor comes to you and and even a stranger I'd prefer you just hire them and have them just work for you instead of going to this this bond service He's trying to discourage because he knows that no one wants to be in that type of situation No one would want to be a servant willingly. Let's take a poll the ladies You can even don't say anything, but you can participate in the poll if you like debt raise your hand No one wants to be a servant No one wants to be a servant debt is Servitude in the Old Testament debt became servitude and Brothers were never supposed to be bond servants to one another. They were encouraged to hire the poor and Not bring them into bond service. Okay now look at verse 47 Leviticus 25 And if a sojourner or stranger wax rich by thee and my brother that dwell with him wax so this is a stranger to the the children of Israel if he gets rich and some Hebrew gets poor and Ends up in this situation and look what the Bible says and sell him self Onto the stranger or sojourner by thee or to the stock of the stranger's family And he that is sold may be redeemed again one of his brethren may redeem him either his uncle His uncle son may redeem him look at verse 50 and he shall reckon with him that bought him from the year that he was Sold unto the year of Jubilee that 50th year and the price of his sale should be according to the number of years according to The time of an hired servant shall it be with him. They're talking about those economic rules You know this by the way We're not going to go into usury but this goes you know perfectly hand-in-hand with with usury rules in the Bible On how they weren't supposed to charge usury to each other Right they weren't supposed to encourage this and take it financial advantage of their brothers that way So look folks What I'm trying to get you to understand is that in verse number 47 it literally says here that this guy sold himself to somebody but Servitude was financially driven in the Bible and the thing you have to understand about God's rules That is completely different from our culture today is that God's rules were based on personal responsibility They were based on personal responsibility You couldn't just go in God's law and borrow a bunch of money from somebody and then just not pay it back Because these these bums out on the on the street out here holding the sign You say they have nothing No in our society they have nothing but according to the Bible they still have their labor and They can use that labor To pay off their debt to pay out. So they weren't just released I can't just borrow a thousand dollars from somebody and then just say sorry I Have to pay it back and if I have nothing Except the clothes on my back and they're not even worth anything. I still have my labor And I can use it's fair It's fair It fits perfectly It doesn't make sense to people today because we live in a society that just doesn't have any personal responsibility attached to it Turn your Bibles to Exodus chapter 22 Exodus Chapter 22 let's look at another way that the Bible says that you could fall into Servitude Exodus chapter 22 just one chapter over from where you're at Exodus chapter 22 let's start reading in verse number one and the Bible reads if a man shall steal an ox or a sheep and kill it or Sell it he shall restore five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep If a thief be found breaking up and be smitten that he die There shall be no blood be shed for him if the sun be risen up on him And there should be then there shall be blood shed for him for he should make full Restitution if he have nothing then he shall be sold for his theft If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive whether it be ox or ass or sheep he shall restore Double so here we see that if someone steals if I steal a cow from brother Trevor Then that means that when I'm caught if I'm caught stealing a cow from brother Trevor. I have to pay him two cows So I could end up in debt to brother Trevor and look back at verse number three What the Bible says in verse number three the Bible says if the sun be risen upon him There shall be blood shed for him for he should make full restitution if he have nothing Then he shall be sold for his theft So if I can't pay brother Trevor Then I am to be sold I could even be become a servant to brother Trevor for stealing his cow and pay that debt off or I am to be sold and that money is to be given to brother Trevor My labor is to be used to pay back that debt that I owe of two cows Because if I steal a cow from brother Trevor, I give him back his cow. I still owe him one cow, right? I mean, it's amazing how detailed the Bible is. I mean you could actually rule a nation by this book think of that Now I mean it makes perfect sense, right?  You know, I'm still out of car Whereas the Bible would teach that that person actually owes me that car And if they have nothing they need to work that off It makes perfect sense It makes perfect sense Now so we see that you could also get into debt or find yourself in servitude because of a crime that you've committed because of the crime of theft or stealing as the Bible calls it and let's remember that word stealing because that'll come into a play in a couple minutes here Turn turn back to Exodus chapter 21 Exodus chapter 21 and look it down at verse number 26 The Bible is also very detailed on how servants are to be treated How servants are to be treated in the Bible says in Exodus 21 in verse number 26 If a man shall smite the eye of his servant or the eye of his maid that it perish He shall let him go free for his eye's sake and if he smite out his man servants tooth Or his maid servant's tooth he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake So the Bible here is clearly teaching that if you raise a hand and you smack or you hit a Servant then you are to let that servant go free now turn to Job 31 look at another example of how serious God takes treating your servants in the Bible servitude as the body in the in the Bible and how you're supposed to treat someone who is in Servitude to you now if I owed someone money It wouldn't make sense for me to raise my hand to them and they just have to lose all that money So that also makes a lot of sense in the Bible why God put this rules rule in place plus You know God, you know loves everyone even if you're in servitude or you are a master or a servant the Bible says so in Job 31 the Bible reads look down at let's start reading in verse number five and the Bible says If I have walked with vanity or if my foot hath hasted to deceit Let me be weighed in an even balance that God may know my iniquity Job here is saying hey if I've done any of these things Let me face judgment for these things so he's going through all these different things that he has not done verse number seven if my if my step had turned out of the way and my heart walked after my eyes and If any if any blot have cleaved to my hands then let me so and let another eat Yay, let my offspring be rooted out remember Job said I made a covenant with my eyes That I would shall not look upon a maid here. He's saying that he has not walked after his eyes Okay, verse number nine if my heart had been deceived by a woman or if I laid weight at my neighbor's door Then let my wife grind unto another and let others bow down upon her for this is in heinous crime Yeah, it is in iniquity to be punished by the judges So he's going through all these bad terrible things that you know He hasn't done then verse number 12 he continues for it is fire that consumeth to destruction and would root out All mine increase if I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maid servant when they contended with me What then shall I do when God riseth up and when he visited it visit it sit visit tiff What shall I answer him? So he's saying if I despised the cause of My manservant or my maid servant. He's not even saying if I abused them he's saying just if I despised their cause meaning they had a complaint against me, you know think of a Union or someone bringing grievances to their employer He's saying even if a servant brought grievances unto me and I did not listen to their cause God would judge me for that. That's what he's saying. He understood how Servants were to be treated and Job was a very rich man. He had many things. He had lots of flocks You know, I'm sure he had servants as well So the Bible says that Job even knew how God Insisted that servants are treated in Colossians 4. I'll just read it for you The Bible says masters give unto your servants that which is just and equal knowing that you also have a master in Heaven so what have we learned about biblical servitude so far First we see that it's financially driven You know, it's financially driven. It's driven by debt We also see that it's not to be forever It's not to be something that people are just born into and live their life in We see that there's a redemption period of seven years. By the way, this is where bankruptcy laws in the United States come from You know, if you go bankrupt in the United States, you know, your credit will be ruined for, you know, seven years You know, you won't be able to get a loan and your credit, you know Because that's the punishment of the United States for debtors is just this credit score that we have But that's where that came from. It's biblical the seven-year period anyway And then we see that there are strict rules on how bond servants are to be treated You know with with as far as how they are to be treated physically Okay Now turn to Exodus 21 and let me leave you with one point as we shift gears here but You see that servitude in the Bible is debt-driven. I'll just think about how much sense this makes If someone owes me money Say someone owes me a thousand dollars and they don't pay me. What would you call that? What would you call that theft? Of course Now say that someone didn't owe me any money and I just took them into servitude You could then accuse me of the theft or the stealing of that man So just like someone who didn't pay me a thousand dollars. They might as well have stolen that from me That's why the Bible's rules are similar to the thief that stole a thousand dollars from me or the thief They just didn't pay a thousand dollars back to me He has to work that money off to me because it's the same thing now If I took a man and made him forced him to be my servant I could be accused of stealing that man That's the difference. Look down at Exodus 21 in verse number 16 as we change gears and the Bible says in Exodus 21 16 and he that stealeth a man and Selleth him or if he be found in his hand he shall surely be put to death This is talking about someone who has forced someone into servitude or into what the modern Bible versions would call slavery When there was no debt involved there was no There was no financial Owing of money to anyone in the equation They were just stolen and they were forced into servitude now This is the slavery that most Americans know where men were literally stolen from another Continent men and women and brought here and forced into servitude So let me now change gears and I want to now address the second Myth that I want to dispel This morning and that is this We've already looked at how you know the myth of how the slavery Of early America and the 17 and 1800s is not the slavery of the Bible We've already proven that the Bible says he that stealeth a man and selleth him You know he shall surely be put to death The second myth I wanted to dispel this morning is this is that it's this myth that the civil war was not about slavery I'm going to prove that to you that that is a myth Beyond a reasonable doubt this morning and using the Bible to do so You know we saw an exodus 21 with the Bible had to say so first of all I'm not to give you a little bit of history on where the country was. I'm going to start out in the late 1700s many people don't know but during the Revolutionary War, you know in the 1770s 1776 was the Declaration of Independence during the Revolutionary War Abolition was well underway in the northern states Let me just give you a little bit of history about the things that were going on in the late 1700s in 1778 General George Washington approves of mustering a Rhode Island regiment of free blacks The Continental Congress authorizes the action Eventually more than 5,000 black men would serve in the continental forces in 1785 the Rhode Island Society for abolishing the slave trade is founded 1799 George Washington dies His will declares it is my will and desire that all slaves which I hold in my right shall receive their freedom Slaves are freed from his estate. Now you see even wealthy men letting go of this idea of slavery the 1850s We have you know in the 1800s. We start this whole thing. We're basically Slavery lasted in the south until 1865 until the 13th amendment was ratified But by 1804 the international slave trade was declared illegal by the federal government and At that time all northern states had abolished slavery So now we have this period of time between 1804 and the 1860s where there's this huge rift in the country And it's it's a huge. It's it's the rift in the country and not only we'll talk about the south But not only is there economic implications to the south But there's Western expansion going on so there's all these new states popping up and there's this huge fight Over if this state like Kansas was probably the biggest one because it's right in the middle on This new state is there are these new states going to be free states or slave states? Because the south the slave states know that Eventually if all these slave these free states get put into the union they're going to be they're going to be outnumbered in Congress and they're done So they're fighting tooth and nail to keep this thing going So let's talk about this idea of states rights because I've heard this more times than I can remember as well It was about states rights.  I'm going to tell you why because between 1804 and 1860 the southern states were lobbying the federal government on A regular basis to have the northern states return escaped slaves So a slave that escaped from the south into a free northern state the south was trying to use the power of the federal government to Strong arm that state into returning these freed slaves and the northern states didn't want to do it and they were screaming states rights and They were they were passing all these citizens rights laws to try to keep be able to keep these these people that escaped there But the southern states were trying to you they were trying to use the power of the federal government To strong arm the northern states don't give me the states rights garbage That's exactly what it is a bunch of garbage Here's what was really going on folks in the 1790s this guy that you probably learned about in public school Eli Whitney invented this thing called the cotton gin And what that did was it made production of cotton? faster easier by By the time we entered into the 1800s Cotton cotton production was going like this. It was all based on free labor They could make more cotton and here's the thing There's stories. There's stories of Imagine having a business where the market is unlimited because that's what was going on The more product that you could I mean If you can produce more you can sell more the price was was good always and the market was just unlimited The South produced 80% of the world's cotton By 1850 and the cotton production from 1800 to 1850 increased by 10 times 80% But it was an unlimited market. There's this huge Western expansion fight. That's what was going on folks You say this is your opinion. Okay. Let's get into some actual facts in November 6th 1860 it all begins Abraham Lincoln is elected president and Literally weeks after this states start Succeeding from the Union in the South and I'm going to read for you now quotes from the letters that those states Used to secede from the Union and we'll see states rights, right? We'll see I'm going to read nothing to do with slavery Just about states rights I'm going to read you the first six Just a couple a couple of lines But if you read all of them it gets you it gets way worse than this But I mean we only have so much time here December 24th 1860 the first state to secede from the Union South Carolina quote out of the reason increasing hostility Towards on the part of the non-slave holding states to the institution of slavery states rights Mississippi the second state January 9th 1861 our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery Their words not mine Florida one day later January 10th 1861 all hope of Preservation of the Federal Union upon terms consistent with the safety and honor of the slave holding states has finally dissipated by recent indications of the strength of the anti-slavery sentiment of the free states Alabama one day later January 11th 1861 Whereas the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of president and vice president United States of America By a sectional party avowed hostile to the domestic institutions of slavery and to the peace and security of the state of Alabama Few days later January 29th 1861 Georgia by their declared principle and policy have outlawed The the federal government they're talking about by their declared principle and possible and policy of outlawed three billion dollars of Our property in the common territories of the Union their slaves February 22nd a few days later Texas based upon an unnatural feeling of hostility to these southern states and their Beneficent and patriarchal system of African slavery Proclaiming the debasing doctrine of equality of all men. Did you hear that? The federal government is proclaiming this debasing doctrine to us Irrespective of race or color a doctrine at war with nature In opposition to the experience of mankind turn to 1st Timothy chapter 6 I'll tell you what the Civil War was about right here in 1860 80% of the world's cotton was produced by the American South The secession of the Confederate States. It was very much about slavery And you say why the South? Why did the North get a conscience and why the South I'm going to show you Turn to 1st Timothy chapter 6 The Bible explains it clears day Why did the North get a conscience 60 70 80 years earlier? 1st Timothy chapter 6 and verse number 9 the Bible reads but they that will be rich Fall into temptation and a snare and into many foolish and hurtful lusts which drown men in destruction and perdition For the love of money is the root of all evil Which while some coveted aster they have aired from the faith and pierced themselves through with many sorrows those that piercing is coming They were blinded by greed Period and you say all you know, but the all these different arguments like the most Confederate soldiers Didn't own slaves. Yeah. Well, that's a you know what in in the first two states is seceded 46 and 49% of the families were slave-holding families If I owned a slave you could say that four people in my family didn't own a slave. It's a dumb statistic It was it was the basis of their economy That's why they fought for it. There's stories about farmers and if you're a farmer you understand this You can only farm the land so much and then you have to let it rest for a year There was so much land in the south and they were pushing into the deep south So fast that what they could do was they could farm land for five six years Abandon that land and farm the next whole set, you know more land They didn't have to have anything rest. They just moved on to more land. That's how much land there was Unlimited market unlimited Unlimited land unlimited free labor That's what was going on folks Now look the atrocities of slavery in the United States. I Mean, I'm not even going to read it to you. I Mean I we had some books on it and Look, there's a I mean what happened though is in the 1800 slaves started escaping and books started getting written Things got published in papers and people started figuring out what was going on and how this was, you know, the public Started getting these, you know There's there's a book that my wife had called incidents in the life of a slave girl written by Harriet and Jacobs I have read dozens and dozens and dozens of books on every war for the past thousand years And I could only read one chapter in this book And I'm just like I'm done. I get it. I Don't need to read anymore Because I get it. I mean it wasn't just physical torture. It was I mean you can about imagine with the women It was families being split up. It was people being tortured all the time Is the worst thing ever I asked my wife for this book. She said I got rid of it. I didn't want in the house Because it's it was that bad And it wasn't bad because of this woman. It was bad because of what humans will do to each other When they're blinded by greed and you say what about the clergy? Well, guess what I could make a an argument today because the clergy when they're sitting in a church of 500 people that are all rich cotton farmers You think they're gonna preach against slavery? You think they're gonna preach it. I mean the same things happening today.  I mean we don't have a big church Same thing how it's easy to see for me what happened there They just first of all most pastors in this country today aren't even saved those guys weren't even saved and The ones that were just they were cowards just like they are today It's the same thing Same thing playing over and over what folks that this this slavery Situation our country is it is a terrible stain on this country. It's a terrible stain You can make look you can make the intellectual argument That the north and the federal government should have just let the southern states secede you can make that intellectual argument because we basically you know It's it's no longer a voluntary union after 1865. I don't have a problem with that intellectual argument You can make the intellectual argument that not every southern soldier was fighting for slavery. Okay. I Mean you I don't really believe that because he was fighting for the economy and then what was going on in his in his region of the country, maybe not directly. Let's put it that way But you know would this really be the first time in history that a good man has been convinced to fight for a wicked cause Would it it's laughable, right? That's what happens every time You think these guys are like hey we need your sons to go fight so I can expand my cotton empire And make more money. You think that's ever what said ever for any war? Never It's never that's never the reason You saw the percentage of families that own slaves it was it was it was the heart of their economy And you can even make the argument that every northern soldier wasn't fighting to free slaves. What's your point? Who cares? You know, but you cannot make the argument that the South did not secede over slavery You can't you're an uneducated fool if you say that Because it's not only their succession letters, but there's plenty of documented letters of the politicians in those states going to town halls and County commissions and all these different meetings trying to get the population to agree. It didn't just happen overnight and You know what they were doing? They were just pushing this racism on the people Do you want these people marrying your daughters? And it's just a racist attitude of you know, and that's what it was all about slavery If you read those letters John Brown was an abolitionist Let's talk about the Civil War and what came in 1861 Shortly after all these states acceded John Brown was an abolitionist and he was a he was a militant abolitionist John Brown wanted to have a small group of people invade the South and Give weapons to slaves as they they escaped and he thought that that would just end everything and he was caught after his his Incident at Harper's Ferry in his last written words or this I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land can never be purged away, but with blood I Had as I now think vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done So he was thinking you know without much bloodshed. We might be able to change this But before he died he died before the Civil War started. That's a pretty good predictor the Civil War 620,000 Americans were killed Go back to go back to Jeremiah 34 620,000 Americans were killed that is the sword of Jeremiah 34 Nearly as many people died in captivity in the Civil War that died in the entire Vietnam War Like 60 some thousand people they died of pestilence and famine This is the Bible coming true that two percent of the population of the United States died in the Civil War I Mean that was God's hammer coming down And it came down hard And I don't know how many times we have to learn that You know in this world, you know God just must be up there just going I got to do it again I got to do it again The Civil War proves two biblical truths folks number one nations will be judged you're there in Isaiah 34 No, you're there in Jeremiah go to Isaiah 34. Let's read Isaiah 34 verse number one Nations will be judged. That's the first biblical truth that the Civil War proves for us And the Bible says in Isaiah 34 verse number one come year you nations to hear and hearken you people let the earth here let the earth here and All that is there in the world and all the things that come forth of it for the indignation of the Lord is upon all nations and His fury upon all their armies. He had utterly Destroyed them. He had delivered them to the slaughter God's judgment will be on nations in this World it will happen in the time of this world nations are judged on earth And the Civil War proves that and the second thing that the Civil War proves turned to Hebrews chapter 12 is that Individual Christians will be held accountable They will be held accountable You had Christians killing Christians in the Civil War It's a sad state of affairs, but Christians will be held accountable for what they do in Hebrews 12 look at verse number six For whom the Lord loveth he chaseneth and scourges every son whom he receive it if he endure chasing in God deal With with you as sons for what son is he whom the father chasing if not That if he be without chase chastisement where for all our partakers then you are bastards and not sons Look If you you're gonna receive chastisement if you're involved in this type of thing the people that went and fought for if you fight For a wicked cause it doesn't matter if you think you're not fighting for a wicked cause You will be chastised for it This whole country was judged For this situation and it was judged in a terrible way The slavery of early America is nowhere near the bondage described in the Bible It was men stealing Is what it was and the Bible calls for people to be put to death Who kidnap and steal men? It's really that simple Look the bondage of the Bible was a way for people to pay off debt Turn to Acts 17 You know what's funny about the Texas statement by the way of It goes against natural law. You know who else came on the scene in the 1800s. Oh From about 1800 to about 1883 This man called Charles Darwin who taught that The black African Was not human But he was he was the missing link or Whatever in his evolutionary theory you think that these things don't matter. This is still being taught in public school Look this this subhuman mindset is completely unbiblical. There is one race Look at Acts 17 verse 26 And he has made of one blood All nations of men for to dwell on the face of the earth and at the term in the times before appointed and the bounds of their Habitation he have made all nations of one blood There's many nations But there's one blood Look that doesn't mean all cultures or all nations are equal look Mark 16 15 says this it says and he said to them go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature That's what we were supposed to be doing with these other cultures and other nations This is our culture This is our nature. This is our nation This is what we're supposed to be we're supposed to go to them We should have been loading up ships of missionaries and sending them to Africa Instead of stealing men and bringing them here And putting them through generations of torture and the worst treatment that you could ever even think of in history It's crazy So, you know the reason that I'm so irritated about this subject is because of this this cult following of the Confederacy's cool And oh they had the better generals and it was about states rights. It wasn't about slavery. You know what you better be Look, I support whatever flag. I support your right to fly whatever flag that you want.  It was literally good fighting wickedness literally The civil war was about slavery Period That was the root of everything And it took God's judgment and the bloodiest war in the United States history to date to fix it Now we're gonna take our hymn books And we're gonna end the sermon a little bit different today turn to 437 We're gonna sing this song Hymn number 437 what I want you to do Is I want you to listen to the words of this song this song was written by an abolitionist in 1861 before The civil war was finished We're gonna sing this song and I want you to listen to the words of the song and you think that a union soldier Singing the words to this song you tell me he didn't know what he was fighting for So let's let's go ahead and let's sing it out battle him of the Republic. Let's sing it on the first


That was crazy. What's up, everyone? It's your girl, Kenty here from Lane Sports Cards, and I am ripping brand new release today of 2021 Panini Select Football. Hobby three box break, Numero Uno, random teams. Here is the list of the random results. You can always find these at LaneSportsCards.com underneath the results tab and the links also in chat for you. All right, let's do this. Best of luck, everybody. Again, Forrest was pulling some crazy, crazy cards earlier. Let's see what we can get out of the night shifts. Let's see, let's see. Empty. I was looking on eBay earlier just to see what those Kenny Pickett XRCs, there's already one up there. It's at like almost $700. I'm like, uh, yeah, I'll have to wait a little bit to get some of those. Yeah. All right, we've got a Devante Smith on the Concourse. Mark Ingram, A Sensations, Devon White for the Bucks. Cool looking one there. Silver, Joe Montaigne, Niners, and Brandon Cooks. It's a 99. All right, let's see what we can get here. Sam the man. We've got a Davis Mills on the Concourse rookie there. Ooh, we've got our first tri-color field level rookie Tutu Atwell. There you go, Rams. A little bit darker this year than they were in the years past. I feel like they were a little bit lighter on each tri-color, but I like it. To 75 there, Rams. And right behind it, Silver rookie, Mack Jones. Off to a hot start here. There you go, Patriots. Michael T. On the field level, Silver. Whoo. Beauty. Well, Mack got one for you. And Des Fitzpatrick rookie on the Premier level. There you go. Could start. Zach Davidson rookie. We've got a Devante Williams on the club. Club love on that. Tri-color Derrick Henry Titans. That's out of 199. Silver rookie, Hunter Long Dolphins, and Shannon Sharp. Little Sharon Sharp. Hope everyone's having a great hump day. Jacob Harris. We've got snapshots, Josh Allen. Silver rookie, Ian Book on the Concourse level there. And Fletcher Cox on the field level. Take me a box for so to get used to these levels. I see the Premier and I want to say Diamond because that's what the select baseball was. We've got Diami Brown tri-colored on the Concourse, Washington out of 249. Silver, Premier, Austin Eckler, Chargers, and Big Ben on the Premier level. Oh man, I'm sorry to hear that, Karen. I hope you're Andrew. I hope you feel better soon, buddy. That's not fun. Nico Collins. We've got rookie Silver. Phenomenon, Mack Jones. Michael T. Off to a hot start here in the first box. Silver, Remandre, Premier level, and a Tre Lance on the Premier level. Sorry, the last one was Concourse. All right, let's see some hints. I believe we see one coming up. We've got Maroon rookie, Boogie Bashum for the Bills. That one is out of 149. And our first hit going to the Bears, Silver, Otto, Lance Briggs. Lance Briggs with the first Otto and Givante Williams rookie at Premier level. Again, everyone, only two total bracelets left with spots left for tonight. Both case breaks tiered random teams. We've got Najee rookie, Zeke, Silver rookie selections of Ian Book for the Saints. Silver, Premier level, Dan Fouts, Chargers, and a Tre Nixon rookie. Yeah, that's storming pretty bad here, Gucci. Pretty bad. I'll play it past this soon. Boogie Bashum, a Justin Fields Concourse rookie. Bears, another Phenomenon, a base this time on the Mack Jones for the Patriots. Out of 199. RPA, Josh Palmer. Nice big palm there. His stock has certainly gone up quite a bit. There you go, Michael T. with the Chargers too, having himself a break. Very nice. That is 154 out of 199. We'll mag that one as well. And JJ Watt. Two mags in the first box already. Jake Funk. We've got a Y. Saquon Barkley on the Premier level. White is one of my favorite parallels to 35 on that one. That looks clean with the Giants colors too. Nice one there. We've got Premier, Silver, Rookie, Jake Funk, Rams, and Tutu Atwell. It's very windy. Yeah. Josh Palmer, Nelson Aguilar. We've got to 49. Bronze patch, Mike Giseki, Dolphins. Dolphins on that one. Silver, Tyree Kill, and Keenan Allen. Last pack, box one. Very nice first box here for us. Kenneth Gainwell, Tony Gonzalez, Rookie Selections, Ian Book, Silver, Alvin Camara, and a Michael Carter on the field level Rookie. Jets. All right. Box two. Very nice first box. Silver field level. Matt Jones. We had the nice big palm on the RPA. Let's see some more colors. Let's see some QB E2. Big XRCs coming. Let's go. Can't wait. It's going to be a fun night tonight. Desmond Patrick, Sensations, Short Print Rookie, Silver, Trevor Lawrence, Jags. John P with the Jags. There you go on the Short Print Sensations. Beautiful card. This is the one that Force pulled the snakeskin up earlier out of two. We've got a nice Silver Concourse. Davis Mills, Texans, and Jamie and Davis Rookie Base. Amon Ross, St. Brown Rookie, DK. We've got Silver Rookie Selections, Matt Jones. The Silver Max are coming out from Michael. There you go. Silver Jacob Harris Rookie and a Jamar Jefferson Rookie. Where's my chat at? I got Gucci and Andrew talking to me. Where's everyone else? We got Tray Lance Rookie Concourse, Niners, Orange, Nelson Aguilar on the Concourse to 49. Nice low numbered color there. Patriots eating here. Ooh, the 75. Silver Rookie Auto Pat Friar Muth. When I went to the game, yeah, when I went to the game last weekend, everyone was saying Muth. Did you have a good time?  Rondale Moore Rookie. You took your niece, didn't you? Yeah, it was her birthday present. It was her first NFL game, in the Steelers game. Yeah. Yeah, she had a lot of fun for sure. Phenomenon Rookie of Matt Jones. We're like four rows behind the end zone. Silver Rookie Ian Book. There you go, Saints. Nice one there. And JT. Yeah. It was good. The fights broke out on both sides of us. We got Zach Wilson Rookie Concourse, Barlin Humphries. We've got a Justin Jefferson on the blue Concourse to 199. Little JJ action. Silver Premier Ray Lewis, JJ Watt. Yeah, we got Thunder and Lightning Storm here, Gucci. Tutu Atwell, Justin Herbert. We have a blue Honey Badger on the Premier level, Tyron Matthew, 40 of 99. Chiefs, Silver Rookie Premier, Shai Smith Panthers, and Amon Ross St. Brown Rookie Premier Base. Kylan Hill. We've got Rondale Moore Rookie, Cardinals, a Alvin Kamara Snapshots, Silver, Adrian Peterson Vikings, and Anthony Schwartz on the Rookie Field Level Bears. Awesome. Glad to hear that. Glad to hear that, Andrew. Tyson Williams Rookie. We have a James Cook XRC. There you go. What a first break for the Evening Shift. Bills. Where are you, Jeff P? There you go. Again, three XRCs per case. And we got one out of the very first break. James Cook for the Bills. There you go. Congrats on that. We'll mag that one up for you. Silver, Justin Jefferson, and a Corey Davis Field Level. Stevan White. We've got blue Ed Reid on the Premier level for the Ravens. That is out of 149. Silver Rookie, Chuba Hubbard Premier level, and Jalen Darden Rookie. You all hear the rain and thunder a little bit? Sean Slater. Rookie selections of Ian Book, Saints. We've got to 49. Broncos, Purple, Patch Auto, Noah Phant. A little Vett Patch Auto there.  Nice. Man, what a great break has been so far. Kenneth Walker. Nice, Patrick. You opened a personal box, you said. Heck yeah. We've got Screech Rookie Base out of 49. Bronze Rookie Patch, Jalen Waddle. There you go, Dolphins. Round one, pick six. Sean's boy. Silver, Luke Farrell on the Premier level, and 2-2 Atwell. Last packed box, too, here. Congrats on that, Patrick. We've got Javante Williams Rookie Concourse. Jamar Chase on the Premier Rookie. There you go, Bengals. Ooh, nice one here. White Rookie Concourse. 2 of 35, Michael Carter for the Jets. Nice one there, Jets. There you go. Again, another nice white against those jerseys. Looks very nice. Michael S with that one. Silver Rookie Kaderius, Tony Premier level, and Big Russ. All right, last box here. Again, fantastic first break here. Only two total breaks were left before we went live. Both are going to be full case tiered random teams, and that is it for the night. Everything else is sold out. Select is the only thing we're ripping tonight here at LSC for group breaks.  Terrace Marshall Jr., Matt Stafford. We have a Silver Snapshot, Patrick Mahomes, Chiefs, Silver Kyle Pitts, Premier level, I'm sorry, Concourse level, Falcons, and Remandry Stevenson Base. Oh, I was about to say, that's a big card, Andrew. Jalen Darden, Kylan Hill. We've got a Maroon. Micah Parsons on the Concourse. Nice one there. That's out of 149 on the Micah. There you go, Cowboys. Nice hit. Tyler B with the voice. Then we've got Silver Signatures Auto of Devon McCordy, Patriots. Man, Michael T is killing it with the pat so far. There you go. And Antonio Brown, he really does. Yeah, Ellie and Guam Woo. We've got Debo out of 75. We've got White Patch Rookie of Kellen Mon. There you go, Vikings.  I like that design. Scary Terry Premier Silver and Tommy Trembl Rookie. Yeah, I want to pull a color wheel so bad. I was joking with Forrest. I guess if we get as lucky as Sam did, we've only pulled one color wheel out of select baseball still. That was Sam. Rookie Rondell Moore. Rookie Selections, ETN Jr. We've got Rashad Bateman on the Premier Rookie Silver, Ravens, Tyson Campbell. A gold Rookie T-Law. Oh, that's a big one. Wentz, we've got Amon Ross, St. Brown, Concourse. Purple, Color Match here. Rashad Bateman for the Ravens on the Premier Level. That's a nice color match. 74-75, Ravens. Silver, Eric Stokes, Packers, and a Jamarche's Premier Level. DK, Quitty Pay. We've got Sensations. Tom Brady, nice one there for the Bucks. Here you go, Tampa. Nice TB-12. Silver Rookie Premier, Trace Sermon, Niners, and a Taylor Heinecke on the field level. You can pull. Oh, yeah, you can. Yeah. Yeah, maybe I was reading that wrong. Tylen Wallace, Rookie Base, Ravens. We've got Silver, Sensations, Zach Wilson, Jets. Michael S pulling some beautiful Jets hits so far. Nice one there. Sensations. A Silver Field Level Desk with Patrick Titans and Devante Parker. Paint Manning. We've got Pat Firmuth, Rookie. Jalen Hurts out of 75 Washington on the White RPA. Diami Brown, Commanders, and Premier Rookie in Book Saints. Patrick sounds like a pretty solid box, I would say. Then how about your Autos? Who'd you get on there? DJ Shark, Dan Marino, Ty Dye. Terry McLauren on the Premier Level. Washington again. Gustavo with the Commanders. Five of 25 on that one. Love, Ty Dyes. Silver, Terrace Marshall Jr. Rookie, and Ricky Williams. Yeah. Eric Stokes, we've got Kyle Pitts Rookie. Justin Jefferson Phenomenons, a Calvin Ridley Silver Falcons, and C.D. Lamb on the field level. Cool guys, Kessler. They got their own style of doing things. Calvin Ridley, Pat Firmuth, Rookie on the Premier Level. We've got Tri-Color, Rookie of Chuba Hubbard, Premier Level. There you go, Panthers. To 199, Silver Nush. For the Steelers, nice one there, and Travis Kelsey. Patrick, we've got Tray-Lance, Rookie Concourse, Keeney and Wong-Woo, Tri-Color, Jaylen Darden, Rookie on the Concourse, Debo Samuel Silver, and Marquise Brown. All right. Solid first break there. Let's go ahead and do a quick recount for three box break. My goodness. Got some nice hits. We had the Tideye, Terry McLauren. Five of 25, Washington, RPA, Diami Brown. Washington, Devin McCordy, Silver Auto, Patriots. No offence on the Purple Patch Auto Broncos, Pat Firmuth, Silver Rookie Auto Steelers, Lance Briggs on the Silver Auto Bears. We had the Kellan Mond, White Rookie Patch there, Vikings, Bronze, Jaylen Waddle for the Dolphins, Bronze, Mike Gisecchi, Patch Dolphins, and our Mags Cards. We had a James Cook XRC for the Bills. Nice one there. A Josh Palmer RPA Silver Chargers, Silver Sensations, Trevor Lawrence Jags, and the Silver Mac Jones Field Level. Fantastic first three boxer. We've got another one coming right up, everybody.


So recapping what we've done so far in this course, we spent a fair amount of time talking about gases in various ways, equations of state and PVT properties and things like that. We've also spent some time talking about solids. So now that we're talking about different phases of materials, we haven't talked about liquids yet, but soon enough we'll be talking about liquids as well. So let's make sure we understand what the differences are between different phases of matter, solids and liquids and gases. So to start out with, I'm just going to draw a quick little cartoon of what a solid would look like as opposed to a liquid as opposed to a gas if I were to, liquid is spilled with a Q, if I were to combine them to a container, and gases we certainly understand. We can, gases fill their container, the molecules are far apart from one another, they're randomly distributed around this box, so that would be an illustration of a gas. A liquid, on the other hand, doesn't fill the container, it settles down to the bottom of the container, and the molecules are much closer to each other in the liquid. So they're all done here in the bottom portion of the container. Difference of course between a liquid and a solid is the solid, the atoms in the solid are ordered, they're arranged regularly, so I'll just draw those in a lattice and I won't take the time to fill the entire box. So there's a nice orderly arrangement of some atoms in a solid. The difference between solid and liquid, which settled to the bottom of the container and the gas, which expands to fill the whole container, we call solids and liquids condensed phases, because the gas which spreads out through the container, if I condense it down so that every molecule is next to a bunch of other molecules, then I have either a liquid or a solid. The difference between solid and liquid is in the ordering of the atoms. If the atoms are relatively random or disordered, we call it a liquid. If the atoms are ordered and obey some sort of regular pattern, then we call it a solid. So these would be phases that we could call disordered. The gas is randomly distributed or disordered as well. The solid is an ordered phase. And that's really the next point we're going to discuss in any detail, is what do we mean by order. So it's easy for you to recognize what I mean when I say the solid is ordered and the liquid is disordered, but what exactly does that mean?  You might say, well, there's some symmetry in the solid that's not present in the liquid, but that just raises a similar question. What do I mean by symmetry? What does it mean to say the solid is symmetric and the atoms in the liquid are not symmetric or maybe they're less symmetric? Can I be more symmetric or less symmetric or more ordered or less ordered? So as usual, with PCEM, we need to be careful about the colloquial, regular English use of these words and the more precise definitions that we use in physical chemistry. And in fact, there's a lot of different types of symmetry that we could talk about, a lot of different types of order. I can have translational symmetry or rotational symmetry or reflection symmetry, and we'll need very precise definitions to be able to talk about what exactly do I mean if I say a solid is ordered or a solid is symmetric. And in fact, is it possible for one substance to be more symmetric or more ordered than another substance? So that's the next topic we'll begin to explore is those more precise meanings behind those words, specifically the words around symmetry.


Concerning populism, very important things. You defy populism in your speech with right populism. But there is left populism in Europe, for example, Cinque Stelle, Five Stars, or Podemos, or... That's why I said the left-right division is... No, that's absolutely... There is populism, I think, that is very interesting and to liberal tendency. It's not only something purely negative, it's a kind of chance. If we will regard populism at something of the old, of the resurgence of fascism or leftism or Stalinism and so on, so it will grow. We need to understand that phenomenon as critical. Maybe it is the birth of a new form of critical theory, not left, nor right, beyond left or right. So I think that populism represents in the United States as well because Trump is populist president, Putin is absolutely populist, but he is not right nor left, neither left nor left. So I think that populism in the United States, in Russia, in Europe, represents something more than we think. Maybe we educate populism to speak with populist movement, to understand instead of demonizing it. Because now liberal discourse is populism is growing, that is new danger. We should find the way how to resist. But maybe we need to make a kind of dialogue with populism. So maybe include and not exclude populism in our democratic system. I have to report to you that in the United States, at least, populism is the exact opposite of critical thinking. The exact opposite. Populism in the United States and elsewhere from what I read, but I know the populism where I live, is essentially the politics of emotion and of high emotion, and it places an almost mystical faith in the wisdom of the people. Now one of the things, wait, wait, wait, wait, no, no, no. There is nothing what's so ever new about populism, and there is nothing what's so ever new about the mystical faith in the wisdom of the people. These are very old ideas, and in my view very old mistakes. Because one of the things that history shows... The Kabbalah tradition is the greatest achievement of human spirit. My friend, I have studied the Kabbalah my whole life in the Hebrew language, and I'm here, and I have to tell you that it has absolutely nothing to do with the wisdom of the people. What history shows is that the wisdom of the people frequently becomes justifications for terrible crimes, and that what passes as the wisdom of the people can lead directly to evil. And the American system certainly, when the founders wrote our constitution, they considered populism. They called it direct democracy, and they ruled it out in favor of representative democracy precisely so as to make possible deliberation and rational consideration of the issues facing the country. Maybe there's a little default there. Well, so far so good. Well, no, but I have to also say at the point when we were discussing the idea of democracy, now, coming from Afghanistan, we have been at the graceful receiving end of American democracy in the form of two disastrous, faked elections. And two presidents and a mafia system at the end of the day. There is very little fate in the idea of what is American democracy. It's been put into challenge as well in Iraq, for example. In the list of things that you cited, and I agree with you in terms of going back and trying to understand the internal forces of this, don't you think it is also about time for us to go back and understand what is the American democratic, political democratic system, making a distinction, because as well being a Canadian, our form of practice of the democratic political system is rather different, and there are some safeguards put in place against what exactly you described in terms of the takeover by the populists. But in America, it is the force of the material, the powerful, and the sort of capital economy that has corrupted somehow the political system in my view. But I'd like to hear what do you think internal forces that are... Well, quickly, two things. First, as an Afghan, you can thank both Russia and the United States. They both have destroyed my country greatly, yes, thank you. Not you per se, but your armies. Second, and again, I think Leon's exactly right. Two things that are happening. One is the system that was designed was designed in order to favor deliberation, to avoid the passions of the moment. But for the reasons that I suggested earlier, we are now being overtaken by the passions of the moment. The unbridled flow of information creates so much pressure now on decision makers to make decisions immediately, to just react, to just do something, to just act, that that process of deliberation is taken away. And that's one of the greatest dangers, I think, that we face. But the truth of the matter is, for all of the challenges that we have now, we have self-correcting mechanisms. And we've gone through these periods throughout our history. We went through McCarthyism. We went through McCarthyism. We went through the 1960s in the turmoil there. We've gone through a series of challenges, a civil war. But these self-correcting mechanisms usually ensure that once we've managed to get everything wrong, we eventually get it right. So right now, we still have a strong, functioning, independent media that calls truth to power. We still have a strong, functioning, effective judiciary. They're very, very courageous when they deal with local stories, but not the same when it applies to international. No, but I'm just saying in terms of our own positions, right? And I still believe in the resilience of those systems, despite the fact that unfortunately, we seem to have right now a president who's taken a page out of the book of other leaders in going after those very sources that check the power of any one power center. Tony, about those media in the United States of America, I respectfully disagree with you because nobody reads them or watches them anymore. We know as a result that Facebook took over and that Mr. Putin knew how to use Facebook to create, quote unquote, his fake news. And Alexander, in the interview you gave to our newspaper, which by the way is a very good newspaper and more people should read it, you were in favor of getting Trump into power and I cannot connect Kevin Trump, in your view as president of the United States of America, with your idea that every nation or civilization will stick to its own idea. Why is it that Putin, certainly you did not leave America alone? Why interfere in elections? So our dream is that America lives alone the world. Leave the world alone. Leave the world alone. So if America will concentrate as Trump promised on itself and will try to make it great again inside, that's the only dream. So we could help America to return to the greatness without us, without the other world because in Trump we have remarked the third party, he was anti-establishment candidate. He was a kind of trickster going against traditional Republicans, traditional Democrats and that was a kind of voice of the silent majority of American people that has chosen something else that American elite interventionist, imperialist, hegemonistic wants. So that was the hope for us. Maybe after coming to the White House we are a little bit disappointed by Trump but nevertheless we still hope because he tries now to understand where he is. So that is the first step and that is promising something. Maybe finally to the end of his presidency he will understand something in the inner and external politics but now he has stopped at least negative agenda of the United States of America including in the Middle East. So we are grateful to Mr. Trump because he has left us a little bit alone. That was precisely, he was blamed for that by Levy, by Bernard Levy. So I agree with his analysis but from the other point. Now I understand the freedom that you are talking about. Freedom from the United States. Yes, exactly. The United States will consider leaving the world alone when Russia considers leaving the world alone. As an Afghan, I would say please Russia and please America leave the world alone. I agree with you. Hold on one second. Hold on, let me explain that. When you get involved, no, let me explain that. When the power and superpowers get involved in proxy wars and in advancing their own interests. Whether it's at Afghanistan, whether it's any of the other countries around the world or whether it was in the 70s, Latin America. The problem with that is if you want to help the Middle East, Afghanistan do it through humanitarian help, do it through medical help, do it through educational help but leave your armies and militaries aside because they create disastrous results and we have seen it a few times. We have seen it repeated and I agree with a previous debate earlier in the first round table where the idea came about. I think it was Yvonne who said just because we have advanced so technologically we are under some kind of an illusion that in terms of our human advances we have also achieved something great but I think there has been a regression. Technologically, a lot of advancement has happened and we're all talking about Facebook and the rest of it but in terms of the development of the humanist thought in terms of the development of democracy in terms of the development of even liberalism and the idea of intervention, non-intervention we are still a stack in a century behind and no further thinking and development has happened unless we are really willing to invest in that and bring our humanist thinking and development of our human thought to the level of our technological and scientific achievement the countries involvement in other countries militarily are going to produce more disasters and Afghanistan is a particular case in a study and I encourage people to go and actually look at this history of the last 30 years where I grew up in that war fought against the Russians I was a radical Islamist and I moved to the West and I'm also skeptical of the American foreign policy involved in all of the region so as an outsider to both of these I would say we need to rethink and re-evaluate internally our own system