So, just to go ahead and pick up from last week, we were talking about the concept of literally what it is. As I mentioned, we're going to be using the book of Sheikh Mohammed Mouloud, who was about from 150 years ago in Mauritania, and his focus was on creating a curriculum of subjects that have practical implementation and are things that occur on a daily basis. So, every one of us have parents, whether they're living or passed away, and we have to know how to interact with them. We went over the idea that Allah SWT mentioned in the Qur'an that He has joined between the order for Tawheed, and the order towards righteousness, or bit towards the parents, or midwadi, dayni, ihsan. Those two orders are together, and Ibn Abbas mentions that there's three orders in the Qur'an. The third one had slipped my mind last week, so I wanted to mention it. But there are three orders that Allah had mentioned as dual orders, and He said that to complete, to have a fulfillment of these orders, you have to do both. So those are, ablai Allah, ablai Rasulah. It's usually they're together. So a person cannot say, oh, I only follow Allah and the Qur'an. I don't need other than that, as some people wrongly believe me. Now the order is ablai Allah, ablai Rasulah, to fully implement this rule, you have to follow both. ablimu sallah, ablai tazikah. Establish the prayer and give zikah. So those are both together. A person can't say, oh, I'll just do sallah, I don't need to do zikah. And then the third one, which relates also to this topic that we're discussing, the righteousness that are related to it, is anashkurli wadi wadi deyq. Allah SWT says in the Qur'an, show shukr, give thanks to me and to your parents. And Muhammad Molud is going to talk later on in the text, he says, look at this order. Allah SWT did not say, anashkurli wadi sheikh, right, he didn't say have shukr to me and to your sheikh. He didn't say have shukr to me and to your husband or your wife. He didn't say have shukr to me and to your best friend, to your business partner, to anybody else. The only person, and he mentions this later on in the text, he said, I've gone through the Qur'an and I've reflected on it, the only time that Allah SWT has mentioned somebody along with him for shukr is with your parents. So there's a deep lesson there, there's a secret there. By the time we get to the end of the text, one of the things that I found is that once we go through all of this, one of the questions that comes up by the end of the text, they say, okay I get it, I get it, we have to respect our parents to show you the impact of this book specifically. This book is about 80 lines of poetry, eight zero lines of poetry, it can be taught over a period of a few weeks, a few days and sometimes I've rushed through it and gone through it in about two hours, like an intensive. One time, Allah SWT was giving this class in San Diego, a man had walked by and heard a little bit of the doves, it caught his attention, he stood in the doorway and leaned up against the wall and you know sometimes people walk by at Halabah, they listen to a little bit and then they walk after five or ten minutes, he stood there for about two hours, you know I guess he didn't get the feeling, okay I'm here to stay so let me just sit down and join the Halabah, but after two hours after the class he came up to me and he said, you know what, I have not spoken to my father in 16 years out of sheer hatred, at that point what do you say, I didn't have any words to say today, so I just looked at him and he said, again after going through this text he said, I think it's time I give him a call, that's the impact of what this book has had, another person had actually flown across the country to attend a series of lectures, the first lecture they made was this book, it was another teacher teaching the same exact book and they had left their home and their mother had told them, one of their parents has said, I don't really want you going to that to that convention or that setting and so he disobeyed his mother and he went to anyway, so I'm going to study Islam and Mohamed Mohamed later, he's going to talk about when you have to obey your parents and when you can disobey them when they tell you not to go out for travel, for business, for study, or whatever it might be, he came, the first lesson was this lesson and then he got on the next plane and went home, he realized the impact, another person after having gone through this text he came up to me, he said, I live in the same apartment with my father and I have not spoken to him for six months, nothing, no words, no exchanges, they live in the same apartment and after going through this book he said, I think it's time that I made the relationship, so that's the power when these verses from the Quran and the tafsir that is mentioned about these verses and the ahadith it's all put together, it's like an extract, Sheikh Mohamed looked at all of the various tafsir, looked at the ayats in the Quran, looked at the ahadith and brought them all together, so he's going to talk more about this concept of shukr and what it really means, one of the alama said that there I mean there's many ways that we can show shukr to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala and sometimes we forget the subtle differences between some of these concepts, so for example we say Alhamdulillah and we say Shukr to Allah, you know, what is the difference? Shukr and Hamd, what is the difference between the two? Alhamdulillah said Alhamdulillah and Shukr to Allah Hamd, praise of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is with the tongue, we praise him, we say Alhamdulillah, whatever type of praise is to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala but shukr, like praising Allah and thanking Allah is not only with the tongue, it's like you know if somebody comes up and says oh you know thank you, thank you, thank you so much, you might say well show it, you know show it in your head, the action shows especially for those of you who are parents right, you know, it's like oh thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you I want you to show me your thanks right, so the shukr is with the with your blessings of Allah and your body, anything that Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala has given you that you use that for the sake of Allah, so shukr of the eyes, shukr of the hands, you know just think of any, we could use anything for the haram or for the halal, we can use it for the wajib and we can use it for the disobeying Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala, so shukr is using the blessings of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala for his sake, so there's many different ways that we can show shukr, but one of the main ways the Ulema said that we show shukr to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is by doing our five daily prayers, that's a consistent way, so one of the Ulema made a Qiyai, he said if Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala expects from us these five daily prayers as a bare minimum shukr, then we should be making dua, supplication for our parents at least five times a day, so those are the three orders in the Qur'an that are dual orders, and then he also mentions a hadith, he says sallallahu ala maqala inna ridha ila hina ta'ala according to a hadith mentioned in Sunnah al-Tirmidhi, ridha Allah fi ridha al-wadi daym, wa safatullah fi safat al-wadi daym, that the ridha, the pleasure of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is in the pleasure of the parents, and the anger of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala is in the anger of the parents. This is a very very heavy hadith because it's almost like the reaction that your parents give to you is an indication of what Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala has in store for you. Do you have the ridha of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala and we have inna and tawar, or do we have the safah of Allah, the anger of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala and we have the refuge of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala from his anger and we know in other hadith of the Prophet sallallahu ala salam, such as in the Salat of Janazah, one of the signs that Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala has accepted this person is we look at that Janazah and we see and how many of us have been to the cemetery, we see a huge jama'a bringing one of the Janazahs, 40, 50, 60, 100, 200 people and then a very shortly after we see another Janazah with four or five people. Has anybody witnessed that? Over here at the Makbara or any of the Maqabah. And in Subhanallah, sometimes those Janazahs that have a lot of people, the people actually help that family. The second family did not have enough people to carry their relative from the car to the place of burial and the Janazah of the first person, he ended up because there were so many people, he had three Janazahs, there was one where they did the roso in Fremont, there was one where they prayed that the people, the people were actually fighting over where his Janazah was going to be and where his roso was going to be and that's a sign that like how much people love him. So I came, they came to me and the family said no we wanted this masjid and the community that he used to go said no we wanted this masjid so the, the, the amids that I made between them I said okay can we do the roso at this masjid and then they carry him they do the Janazah, this other masjid and then they go to the maqla and they accepted that. But then they ended up, there were so many people that wanted to pray the Janazah, they prayed at his, at his grave, hundreds of people and each Janazah and then right after that a Janazah they didn't have enough people to take the body from the car to the place of burial and other people from that Janazah came and helped out and we said SubhanAllah this man was helpful to people in while he was alive and even after he had passed away the traces of his Hidmah to the Muslims was still going, his service to the Muslims. So we know that there's a, there's an indication of Allah SWT as exceptional rejection of a person in the exceptional rejection of the people. So this is when we hear this hadith. Now at the same time it has to be balanced out as I was mentioning last week our deen, the shari'ah of the Prophet SAW is very clear. Granted there are, there are matters that are, that are ambiguous and we have to make a, make an ictihad and figure out what exactly is the application here. But for the most part it's very clear, our prayer is very clear, our fast is very clear, the Qiraah of the Qur'an is very clear, all of our deen is very clear.  That's not what we want, we want a balance and once we get into the discussion we'll see more of a definition of what does that mean, how much do I have to do to make my parents happy and at what point am I not doing anything wrong even if they're angry with me. So I'm skipping some of the lines, again I'll share this book with everyone. He also mentions, he said the importance, he's talking about the importance and I mean in the Qur'an and the hadith it's also wajj, it's an obligation in the Qur'an, in the sunnah and according to the consensus of the ulama, the ijma' of the ulama. There's very few matters that you'll find that the obligation is clearly mentioned at these three levels, it's clear in the Qur'an, it's clear in the hadith and the scholars do not differ about it. Has anybody ever heard a Muslim scholar say actually you know you don't have to respect your parents? Has anybody ever said, nobody said that. You find other matters and there's always a khilaf, there's always a difference of opinion. In fact it was, there was another scholar from Mauritania, a famous scholar and he was very very knowledgeable but his father didn't really have so much knowledge so he knew that people are going to come up to the father and what do you think that the people after knowing the knowledge of the son, what are they going to expect from the father? Same knowledge, right? Oh this is your son, you must have taught him, but he was a simple man, good Muslim. So his son gave him away and he said, look I know people are going to come and they're going to ask you, you know about things, just always respond, fihi khilaf, there's a difference of opinion. And he said, and dad just said, fihi khilaf, you know there's a difference of opinion and you don't have to say anything to them. So then they came to the scholar and Muhtar would go and say, Muhtar, we're worried about your father. He said, why? He said, we asked him about Allah and he said, fihi khilaf, there's a difference of opinion. And Muhtar being the scholar that he is, he said yes. The Christians say this, the Jews say this, and the Muslims say this, which is the correct opinion. Now not all khilaf is Muhtar, not all khilaf, not all difference of opinion is a valid difference of opinion. So that's what you have, difference of opinion, but then there has to be a valid difference of opinion that's based on inchniha. But this matter of the Bilr-u-Rani-dain is, by consensus of Parlemah, it's in the sunnah, one of the hadith Muhammad Moulut mentions here and it's related in the Sahih Al-Bukhari, a man came to the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. Now look at the context of this hadith. He came to the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam and he said, who doesn't mention the entirety of the hadith here, but he asked him, he said, I came, I made hijab to come to you. Now imagine that, for those of you who have been to Medina or want to go to Medina, you know the feeling that we get when we're on the way, or that we want to be there, or when we're there. Now here is a man who's living at the time of the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he's alive, and we should also remember that during those early years, hijrah was actually an obligation. Like if you became Muslim in some badia of the Arabian Peninsula and you heard about the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, before the conquest of Mecca, you actually part of your Islam is you had to become Muslim and then make hijrah to Medina. And then after the conquest of Mecca, there was the famous hadith, the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam said, La Hijra Taba'id al-Fadah. After the conquest of Mecca, that obligation of making hijrah to me is no longer an obligation. So it was like you're Muslim, yes, pray five times, pay your zakat, make Ramadan and make your hijrah to Medina. It was a burgeoning community just starting. It was very important for the Muslims to come there to learn and so forth. So this man makes hijrah. There's an obligation there. There's the love that a person, how many of us, if we, if we were alive at the time of the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, would want to see him, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he makes hijrah.  Imagine all of these amazing things. What did the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam respond? He said, are either of your parents alive? And he said, he said, no. He said, He said, go back and do your jihad with your parents. Now look at this. Did he say, I am Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam? Did he say, I'm the most worthy of service from the Muslims? Did he say, I am the best, so be with me? He said, are either, and he didn't say, are both of your parents alive. This is part of the, when the, when the, the ulama look at the hadith, they don't just look at the outward of the hadith. They say, look at all of the different contexts of the hadith. There's a hadith mentioned in the Shama'ah of Imam-e-Tirmidhi, where the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam came into the house of Ennis, and we used to do his service. His younger brother had a pet bird, and the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam saw him and he was sad. So he asked him what, what had happened. He asked about the house. He said, why is Umayyad sad? And he said, they said, oh his pet bird had passed away. So then he went up to him in the famous hadith. Ya aba Umayyad, ma fa'alan mughayd. Oh, oh aba Umayyad, what did the little bird do? Ya aba Umayyad, ma fa'alan mughayd. Five words. And somebody might mention, oh, the, you know, in fact one of the, I believe it was, yes, it was not even the Orientalist. One of the early Muslims, one of the deviant Muslims had criticized the hadith scholars. He said, why do you spend so much time collecting every bit of information about the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam? There's got to be some things that don't have any point. So they said, well, give us an example. He said, look, there's a hadith.  And the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam just said, oh, ya aba Umayyad, ma fa'alan mughayd. What did the little bird do?  He said, that hadith, the Orientalist have deduced from it over 300 rules. Just from that hadith. Think about it. That was in Medina. The little boy had a pet bird. Something he had caught in the wild. What's an issue there? Wild bird, Medina. You're not supposed to hunt an animal? You're not supposed to take from the wild creatures of the trees. In the haram of Medina, you can't cut down a tree, can't hunt an animal, right? It's a haram. It's a precinct. It's a sanctuary. So they said, oh, this is an exception, according to some of the that you can't kill the bird, but you can have it as a pet. See the distinction with me? Also the recommendation that when you go into a house, or when you meet people, don't just greet the adults in the house. Greet the little children. Ask the little children, because the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam came into the house of Ennis's family, and he didn't just ask about the father or the mother. He was asking about the little boy. And notice this. Something, something notice. Notice if you go to a group of men, and one of the fathers, like, has their son with them, notice how many people will say, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, and shake hands of everybody that skip over the little kid. Have you ever seen that? Skip over. He's, he's a Muslim. In fact, he's in a better state. We mentioned that last week, Muhammad Molud used to only drink tea with children, not with adults. Why? Because the children don't have sin.  I want to be with the little children who don't have sin. So this is, and then just the, the consideration. And for those of you who have parents, don't the little children notice those type of things? They'll go back. Why didn't he say, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam? Do I not exist? So it's a consideration for the youngest amongst us, because they have, they have a perception. And even if they're very young, those type of things impact their growth and their, their, their development. So going back to this hadith, the Prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, oh, in fact, there's another story where Ahmad ibn Humban one time was visited by Imam Shafi'in. And Ahmad ibn Humban's daughter had heard a lot about Imam Shafi'in. So she said, I will, interesting, you know, who is this person that everybody talks about? So she observed him when he had visited her, her, the father. The next day the father said, what did you notice about him? And this was the status of the Salaam. Imam Ali, of course, he's a Sahabi before the Salaam. People asked him, how long does it take you to figure a person out? He said, if he speaks, then immediately I'll know what he, where he stands in line with the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. And if he doesn't, give me a day. I'll watch his actions and I'll see how close or how far he is from the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah. And Ibn Ibn Hajj in the medical, he mentions to illustrate this. He said there was a, there was a, there was a student who studied with another teacher and he went to visit another sheikh and the sheikh invited him for a meal. They both sat down. They said, Bismillah. They ate with their right hands. And then the sheikh asked the student, he said, who is your sheikh? Who is your teacher? And he said, sheikh, please, please pardon me. I have a toothache on the right side of my mouth. That was their only interaction in that situation. They sat down to eat a meal. The sheikh says, who's your teacher? And the student says, pardon me, sheikh. I have a toothache on the left side of my, on the right side of my mouth. What happened there is the sheikh is observing him. And he's noticing, okay, he sat on the ground. He ate with his hand. He ate with three fingers. He's, because there's a lot of edam, of eating the food. Muhammad Molud has an entire book just on the edam of eating food. And it's not just sitting on the ground and using your hand. It's very specific how the prophets of the last one sift the drink, how he ate the food, with which fingers, not the whole, it's not even the whole fingers. It's just the three fingers and the tips of those fingers.  They start grabbing and, you know, making a ball of throwing it up. That's not the sunnah. There's a sunnah and there's the sunnah of the sunnah, like how exactly it's done. That's how particular the Sahab will work in their observations and they pass it down through the generations. So he had noticed that the student took the first bite and chewed it on the left side of his mouth, which the sunnah is to begin with the first bite on the right side. But he didn't say, why did you start with the left side? He said, why? He said, who is your chef? And the student immediately understood. He understood. The chef is asking, who is my chef? Because he found all of the sunnahs, I'm following it, but he saw me start chewing on the left side. And so he immediately responded. He said, excuse me, I have a toothache on the right side of my mouth. That's how conscious they were on the very fine sunnahs of the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. So Imam Ishaafari was observed by the daughter of Ahmad al-Ruhamad. In the morning, Ahmad al-Ruhamad asked his daughters, what do you think? You know, what did you observe? She said, he ate a lot of food and he went to sleep and he got a prophetic and he didn't make will do. Like, I'm not really impressed. So Ahmad al-Ruhamad is now interested. He didn't notice those things, so he asked him. He said, as for eating a lot of food, the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, mentioned in the hadith that if you're with the righteous, the generous people, eat a lot of food because there's a lot of blessing in that food of the generous people. And he said, if you're with the misers, don't eat a lot of their food. But we're here with the generous people. So he said, I was just following the sunnah by eating a good amount of food. He said, and as for not praying, making will do for Fajr, he said, I made will do for Isha. I prayed Isha and I stayed the whole night of the hadith O Aba Aume, what did the little bird do? And I got out so many rulings and wisdoms and recommendations and sunnahs from that one hadith. So when I got up to pray Fajr, I said, I still had rulings. So that was Imam Isha. So going back to this hadith, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had asked the man, are either of your parents alive? Now he didn't say, are both of your parents alive? The other thing they mentioned about this hadith, they say, he did not ask them, are your parents Muslim? Because at that time, the majority of people were still coming to Islam. So it was very likely that if a person became Muslim, his parents were not Muslim. So he didn't say, are your parents Muslim? Are they alive? Okay, go back and serve them. Do your jihad with your parents. No, he said, are either of them alive? That's it. Yes, Fafihima Fajr. Go back and do jihad. So think about that. He sent somebody away from him and from Hijrah to Madinah and living in Madinah and allegiance to the Messenger of Allah and jihad, with him to go serve his parents. That's the status of a Wida-Nawadi name. Now at the end, this is one of the questions that I get. You can see this is starting to be a heavy text, right? Is it? Or just, there's a lot, there's a lot of lessons that are here. One of the common questions that I get at the end after people say, okay, I understand, I understand the importance. But what about, what about, what about if my parents neglected me? Or if they, what about if my parents had neglected me and looks like the batteries though? My parents neglected me or used me. How do I do that? And so once the Prophet was, can you hear me in the back? No? While we're waiting for that, any questions so far on what I've presented? Just directly, not general questions, but so far just of what I've covered. So the Prophet, once was explaining this to the Sahaba, the importance of respecting the parents and the Sahaba had a question. They said, even if they are oppressive to the son, and he said, or the child, he said, even if they're oppressive, even if they're oppressive, even if they're oppressive, even if they're oppressive. There's a lot of depth in that. And recently, you know, one of the famous people who was just become Muslim, has anybody heard Sinead O'Connor, she became Muslim last year, and now she just recently came on a talk show with her hijab and so forth. So I came across a, okay, no worries. Okay, thank you. So I came across another video of a few years and she suffered a lot through her life.  Who's, who's the king of pot? Michael Jackson. Did he seem to have a happy life at the end of his life? The entire world though, I mean, he could go to Russia and fill up an entire stadium. Even if they don't know English, they're listening. How much, how much impact did he have on the culture? How many, I remember growing up in Jordan in the 80s, people would buy the gloves, the jackets, remember the red jacket from Thriller? Right?  The king of rock and roll, Elvis, which interestingly enough, on a side note, I know this is the message that we shouldn't be talking about a lot of the malathing and so forth, but there were actually people before Elvis who had started the genre of rock and roll because it was a mixture of country music, the blues and jazz. And where, where do all those, well, the country, you know where the country music comes from, but the blues and jazz, that's from the deep side. So the genre of rock and roll was actually started before Elvis, by African Americans. But at that time, America was very racist. So who was the person who found Elvis Presley? The Colonel, right? And so he said, this is in his words, he said, I need somebody who can sing that genre of music, sing the music that has been created by African Americans, but it's white, so that I can sell this to people. And that's what he did. Now, Subhanallah, the way that the Colonel found Elvis Presley, because he was a poor boy from, from Tupelo, Mississippi, nobody knew, was that? The Colonel is his manager. No, I don't know. The Colonel was the main Colonel. The Colonel is the main Colonel. So yeah, not Sanders from Kentucky Fried Chicken. So the Colonel was at a recording studio. He's just seeing who's coming into the studio. Elvis comes up from Mississippi to Memphis, Tennessee, to go to the recording studio to do what? To record a, because he was doing music, to record a record, to give as a gift to his mother. Better money than. He wanted to honor his mother. And look what happened. He got all this fame and fortune. So you have to think about this, you know, these, these type of things. Like, what is, what is the, the spiritual as bad that people take to achieve fame and success? Has anybody ever heard of Secret Santa? Not the game they do at businesses, but the real Secret Santa. He started in the 60s or 70s giving out $5 bills to people. He would dress up as Santa and go around and give people, started out with $5. And then he went to 20, then he went by the end he was handing out $100 bills. The way he started it is that he said he was, he was homeless. He had just lost his job. It was right before Christmas. He was living in his car. Imagine how sad he was at that time. And he saw some, some, some people who were struggling on the street. He said, they're worse off than me. I need to give them some. So essentially right charity. So he did and he felt really good. And so he started doing that. Eventually he became a multimillionaire in a, in starting a cable company, but it was from Sadaqah that he started this, this fortune. So I'm looking at, I'm saying, well, the spiritual as bad as he gave charity and Allah's power to give him from the generosity because there's certain things, you don't have to be Muslim to tap into the grave. If somebody is good to their parents, they're going to get a benefit from that. If somebody gives charity, they're going to get benefit from that. So, so, but if you look at these people, Whitney Houston, Marilyn Monroe, Michael Jackson, just you name it, any of these very, very, very famous people and they end up at the end of their lives and they could be miserable. So all of that is not necessarily the way to, to success. How did I start? So, but it's interesting when famous people become Muslim like Yusuf Islam or she had a lot of troubles in her life, mental health issues, drug addiction, abuse of people. So there was an interview and the person said, I want you to, I'm going to ask you a question and I want you to answer as truthful as you can. So he starts asking her about her mother and she says my mother was a monster. My mother did this. My mother didn't, you know, didn't take care of me.  And now she, even as a, as a grown woman, she's still affected by that. And so then he asked her a question and he said, if you saw her right now and you only had one minute, what would you do?  Like she did all of this stuff and I'm suffering now, the drug addiction, all of this stuff because of like the abuse and neglect that I got from my mother. He said, if you had one minute, now that your mother's not, what would you do? He said, she said, I would hug her with all my strength and tell her I loved her and say, I will take care of you. And when I saw that, I said, that's what the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, you know, there's something deep about forgiveness to even the people who oppressed you. I mean, is there, is there anybody who oppressed the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam more than Quraish? And when he came to Mecca and one of the Sahaba, they said, Today is the Day of Slaughter. He said, no. Today is the Day of Mercy. Hind. What do we say about Hind right now? She bit into the liver of Hamza. And she hired an assassin to kill him. But when we say, when we say him, Abu Sufyan who led the battles and led it, and went to try to get the Muslims to stop being accepted by the Najashi in Habashah, what do we say about Abu Sufyan now? That's the power of Islam and forgiveness of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, forgiveness. So now we're going to get into this. This doesn't mean that we become, we'll get into it more. It doesn't mean that no matter what your parents do, you just have to be, you know, take everything. Sometimes, even if the parents are abusive or neglective toward the child, might have to move away. Part of the bidr of the child doesn't mean you're right there in their face. You can do bif with a phone call, with an email, with a card, with an e-card. There's lots of different ways that you can show respect. There's not just one.  One of the Hadith of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said, المؤمن دا يدر المفسر. The believer does not allow him or herself to become humiliated. So any time a person is humiliated, what do we have to do? Make hijrah. Doesn't matter. And that's part of maintaining the human dignity that Allah SWT has placed in human beings. That we are a noble creature and we react to generosity and honoring. If somebody honors you, thank you. How many of you know people who may be atheist? But if they were kind to you, you're like, I can work with this guy. But if there's a Muslim who prays here at the Hajj at Fajr, and does, you know, before Fajr, and prays Fajr in the first line with the imam, but his interactions with people is just, and you don't want to be around. You don't want to do business with them, you don't want to, how many of us have had that type of interaction? So we're not talking about our closeness or proximity to people, or like that person who prays Fajr and is a person of tawheed and believes in Allah, spiritually and by imam, we're super close to that person. But in terms of human interaction and our reaction to that person and our interaction with them, we're closer to this other person that respects us. And that's something that Allah SWT has placed in Bani Adam. Bani Adam, we have a noble Bani Adam. So if anybody, including the parent, is humiliating people, use time to make hijra, and do your bit from far away with what's ever safe, we're going to, I'm going to get into that because is Muhammad going to touch us on this topic? He had a question about, Hazrat Abu Bakr also had his father in Makkah. Yes. But there the professor didn't say go back to Makkah to serve your father. Oh, good question. So the question was about, Hazrat Abu Bakr, his father was in Makkah, and he did not tell him to go back. I never thought about it from that angle. But one of the things that we talked about last week is there's multiple hadith that are mentioned by the Prophet SAW, where he said, the best of actions is, prager, the best of actions is, bin Urwadi name, and the best of actions is hadith. They don't contradict each other, it's for each individual person. He would respond to a person appropriate to their situation, because he can see what they're going through. And so this person would say, what's best for him is to go back and serve him. And so his advice to people was not, one size fits all. And that's something we have to remember about when we, for ourselves, and also when we're around other people. It's not this Dean, there are certain things that it's, yes, one size fits all. Everybody has to pray five times a day, make yours, pay yours a cup, make Hajj, do fasting, bin Urwadi name, so forth. But then there's certain elements that a person might have a strength in one area, and we encourage them. The last thing that we were mentioning right before that was the final point I wanted to talk about. Okay, yes. So in the Quran, Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta'ala telling the Prophet, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, If you were harsh, and hard-hearted with the people, what would the people do? Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam would have run away from you. And this is the message of Allah, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam. So sometimes we have to remember about themselves and say, well, I'm your dad, you know, I'm your boss, I'm your husband, I'm your wife, you know, mentioning all of those stations that we have, right, like the stations of power, like, or that demanding respect. Well, what station is there higher than Rasulullah, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam?  You, the best of creation, the best of the messengers, Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, all of them, that if Musa Alaihi Wasallam or Isa Alaihi Wasallam was alive at his time, he would have to believe in him and follow him to be able to get into Jannah. He, if he was harsh and hard-hearted, people would have run away from him. So people, human beings, we have to remember that, that we have this nobility about us and we don't allow people to walk all over us. So now he begins with the definition of Guru. So we say Bidur-u-Wadi name, what does it mean? He says the definition of Guru or how to achieve Bid, the righteousness. And this word, there's, there's various words in Arabic that don't have one single translation. So how many of us, when we try to explain the concept of Taqwa, we're like, what's the word? Like, what's, what's, how would you explain Taqwa? How would somebody translate Taqwa? Consciousness of Allah? Fear of Allah? You know, you see, what's that? There's a lot of translations. And the reason why there's a lot of translations is because it's what's called in Arabic, it's a comprehensive word. And so you can, you actually need a few lines to explain what this is. And there's, there's various words that, that have this meaning. One of them is Faraah. So when the muaddin says, prayer, that's clear. Come to the prayer. Come to success. What's the success? The success is every type of success that you can imagine. Bid, same thing. It's a kalimah tunjabah and it's a comprehensive word. So it means every type of righteousness. So how do we achieve that with the parents? He said, it's with the way you speak to them, with the tongue. So one way of doing Bid-ul-Wadi Day is with the tongue. One is with the heart. One is with the body. And one is with the, with your wealth. And he's got, he has a chapter on each one of these. So he starts with the, the, how do you speak to the parents? So he said, The way we speak to them is that you speak to them, soft speech. And again, I mentioned last week, one of the ayahs that has a lot of lessons of Bid-ul-Wadi Day is in Surat al-Isra, 1723 to 25. So even if you haven't, if you don't plan on memorizing many Suras or many ayahs, if you just memorize those three ayahs, you'll get basically the whole essence of Bid-ul-Wadi Day in those few ayahs. Well, one of the things that Allah Subh'anaHu Wa Ta-A'la tells us is to speak to them, says the way to speak to them is by saying a kareem speech. And another one, it says, to say, what does this mean? So it says a kareem, an honorable speech, or a lady in speech, a soft speech. Okay, a soft speech. One of the set-up was asked, they said, okay, what exactly does qaul and lady man mean? And it was, yeah, Ibn al-Musayyib was asked. He says, actually, sorry, it's not the lady. The honorable speech. So if we say, what is the honorable speech? How do you honor everybody? That's subjective. It's not objective. We need a definite way of, what does it mean to honor your parents in speech? And so Ibn al-Musayyib was asked, what does this actually mean? He says, the state, the way a slave who has committed a crime would speak with his harsh and majestic master. The way a slave was committed a crime would speak with his harsh and majestic master. Now you get two extremes of this example.  And it's not a nice slave. He's actually a harsh slave. Sorry, a harsh master. A harsh master. And he's not just harsh. He actually has a majestic presence. And this slave is very lowly and he's actually committed something that would make the master angry. So imagine, he's got the aspect element of slave. He's a slave. He's lowly in his, he's not a very, you know, majestic person in his personality. And the third is that he's, he's actually done something bad. And the master has three other qualities. He's a master in the relationship and he's majestic in his presence and he's very harsh and hard hearted. Now how would that person speak with his master? And Ibn al-Musayyib, one of the famous, the tabirin, sorry, the tabirin, he said that's the other meaning. That's how. Now compare that with what we see today. Compare that with what I'm talking about across society. Muslim, non-Muslim, we go to a story.  Right? Now we're not, we're not saying, we're not, the whole summa of this, of respecting the parents is not to create a master slave relationship with parent-child. That's not what we're talking about. And he's giving a mubalacha. So the story that I give to when I teach this to kids, I change it. I said, imagine a harsh, majestic general. And I use general and soldier because then they can, oh yeah, general soldier, right? And the soldier threw a ball through the window and you know, he cracked the window and he hit the, the general on the head and the kids started laughing. Now when he comes in, how is he going to talk to the master? Or the general in that situation. So it gives them, it gives them a picture of like, oh, I get it. This is, we're not like equals, like what this society is trying to teach, you know, like everybody's equal. No, there is some difference. So that's the, the, the code of kareem, according to Ibn Masayih. And then he says, you give nasiha to your parents as well. Give them advice. So part of the, part of your respect to your parents is that you give them advice. And nasiha is in deen and dunya. In the famous Hadith of the Prophet, he said, deen is giving good advice. And this would be about the deen matters or the dunya matters. But there's a few, there's a few rules to giving nasiha. Nasiha is different than, one of the descriptions of the believers is that they enjoy righteousness and they forbid evil. But what are the conditions? Does this mean you can just go up to anybody and say whatever you want? No, there's three conditions to enjoying righteousness and forbidding evil. One is that you have knowledge. You actually know this. How many of us have come up to that well-intending brother or sister when we were younger, that well-intending uncle or auntie in the masjid to give us advice about what we were doing or what we were not doing? We've all had experiences like that, or maybe in our workplace or somebody just giving you the unsolicited advice. There's somebody who said, unsolicited advice is the junk mail of advice. So they give you this unsolicited advice and sometimes it's like, what are you talking about? You don't know. So the person has to have knowledge. They actually have to know what is the rule about this matter and that there's no difference of opinion. There's no valid difference of opinion. The second thing is that they actually have to know that this will benefit the person. If it's not going to make any difference, you know, the point is not just to have people go out there and say, oh, that's fine. That's why you shouldn't do that. And that's what's true. It's not the point because then if we had to mention that about every single person, we couldn't handle it. And so the other thing is that it has to be, there has to be a London Fahina, a belief that it will actually benefit the person for it to be an obligation. And the third is that it will not lead to a greater harm.  The drinking of the alcohol or him hurting somebody? So just watch out for that. But I usually use an example that's more relevant. There's situations where people can actually be chased away from the dean or actually leave the dean of Islam because people are just always on him. And I've heard, you know, stories of people that this actually has happened to them. They just, they couldn't handle it. They come to the Masjid.  You're doing this wrong. You're doing that wrong. And if you don't have the steadfastness to take that, it could shake a person. And there have been people who have left Islam because of that. I know the stories. I've heard some, and I'm sure other people have stories as well. Or somebody who, I remember one time my father, oh, come on, this is in a Masjid here in Beirut. A brother took his shahada, like after Juma or right before Juma. And right after the prayer, he's making his salah and he's not sitting in the prayer the sunnah style. Because that's a difficult right? If you're, look at the people in front of you, most people, right, we sit on chairs now and we're always at our desk, so we don't have the flexibility that we, the young children have, for example. So somebody came up to him while he's in prayer and started twisting his foot so that it's in the sunnah style. This person literally just took his shahada and you're worried about the sunnah style? Or another sister who, she came to a person who was an Imam at that Masjid at the time. She, she was the only sister, 16 or 17, she became Muslim. Her family didn't know she became Muslim because she would actually be kicked out of her house if they found out she was Muslim. And let me ask you this, a 16 or 17 year old girl in our society, if she's kicked out on the streets, isn't that a life?


Imagine it's the fifth of Muharram you're in your tent and you hear noises and commotion from outside so you come outside and you see a few people debating things with each other some are saying let's leave why are we staying here if we stay this is going to happen to us others are saying how can we leave the grandson of the prophet alone you become confused you go back into your tent the same thing happens on the 6th 7th 8th finally on the 9th night you hear loud noises coming from outside for the last four nights you've been debating within yourself whether to leave the camp of Imam saying let peace be upon him or to stay with him not knowing what's going to happen to you on the 10th day on the 9th night the noises get louder there's more commotion outside naturally you leave your tent to see what's occurring and you see people leaving the camp of Imam saying in their hundreds and thousands looking around bewildered yourself for a split second your eyes fall into the face of Imam saying peace be upon you see the grief and sorrow and sadness in his eyes and it no longer matters to you that you've spent the five nights debating within yourself am I going to stay or am I going to go seeing that look on his face buys you loyalty and you decide to stay the morning comes it's now the 10th of Muharram the day of Ashura imagine you walk up to the Imam as his companions did and you offer your service to him but he lets you decide what you'd like to do so for example you could go and bring back water with Abul Fadlil Abbas you could protect the tents of the women and children from harm you could tend to the wounded or bring back the severed body parts of his companions you could fight in his army against the enemy you could stand shield in front of him in prayer you could keep the little children busy while their brothers fathers uncles go and die what would you want to do for Imam saying on that day I think it's a question I've asked myself many times throughout my life commemorating this event and I think we need to be honest with ourselves when answering this question I think in hindsight it's very easy to say I want to do this I want to do that but when you truly reflect on what you would have done on that day sometimes the answer is not very comfortable for you to accept I could easily say I would do this I would do that but sometimes I ask myself am I even worthy to be in that camp so before you even answer the question I don't think I'm good enough to even be with Imam at all I'm not worthy to look him in the face and I'm not worthy to stand alongside him whatsoever however as we know the Imam is generous and if he accepted horror into his camp I would like to think if I asked him he'd accept me into his camp the people who always fascinated me have been the ones who stood as a human shield while the Imam was praying the reason they fascinated me and I would like to be them if I had the faith to be them is because if you truly picture it you have an arrow flying towards you and you are volunteering to put your chest or your neck in the way of an arrow rather than hitting the Imam while he's praying and it's easy to say I would do that but when I truly reflect on if I could do that I worry that if I see an arrow coming towards me would I flinch and if I flinch will I move out of the way at that last moment and if I move out of the way will it hit the Imam truly reflecting upon myself I'm not sure whether I could do that I would love to be able to do that but it's not something I feel I'm good enough doing because what those people did was heroic literally put your neck or your chest in front of an arrow which is like a bullet again however if I could choose to do something it would not be something specific it would be something to help the people psychologically someone to talk to someone to give people hope we know the Imam at that time would be a very busy person I would help him for example bring the bodies back because taking a body 72 times can be quite tiring however at the same time I would be someone I hope that is one of the first to be killed I'll tell you why it's because on the 9th of Muharram when the Imam shut the lights and asked the people to leave he put the lights back on and everyone stayed and they said to him what life is there after you why would we leave so for me living after Imam was saying it's not an option and I will not be able to watch what happens to him and to the other companions it sounds a bit cowardly but want to die first so I don't witness that second reason is that there is a narration either the Prophet or his father Imam Ali told him when he was younger what's gonna happen in the future he said you're going to be killed in Karbala do you accept it Imam was saying yes I accept it your brother will be killed do you accept it I accept it your son will be killed you accept I accept it your nephew is six month old you accept it and then he was asked your women will be taken captive and the Imam paused and instead of saying I accept it he asked a question he said is that gonna be after my death or before my death and the Prophet or Imam Ali said it'll be after your death he said I accept it so even Imam himself couldn't bear to watch what happened afterwards so I do something that would give some kind of peace and comfort to the people around and something to aid the Imam and in the end whatever he asks I will hopefully do now imagine you've had a long day at work the students you teach have exhausted you you're hungry tired upset angry drive home you walk through the door you come inside and you see members of your family running around the house frantically one person's making tea and other persons organizing fruit and other persons bringing sweets and other persons making food in that commotion you grab someone's hand and you say what's going on as we got guests as people come to visit us and they say we've got guests and they've come to visit but not us they've come to visit you so you think to yourself maybe it's someone a colleague from school or a friend from mosque or a friend from outside or community you come up to the living room you open the door you walk inside you see sitting in your living room on your chair is Imam saying this in that situation what would you say to him what would you want to hear from him how would it make you feel having had probably one of the worst mornings of your life come home see him there we all dream of meeting Imam saying and those lucky enough to go on his pilgrimage have sort of met him in person I would say to him straight away I'm not worthy for you to be here in fact I wouldn't look him in the eye because I'm not good enough to look him in the eye these eyes that God's given me do not deserve to look at his representatives I'd go to his feet and when you go in a pilgrimage you have a list of things in your head you're gonna ask Imam to give you every time you go the list leaves your head and you just say what you feel in your heart so I'm not gonna ask the Imam for any requests I just want to say thank you to him without looking him in the eye I want to say thank you to him and I'd say to him that because of you my life has meaning I sometimes think to myself without Imam saying in my life what would my life be and it's scary when you think about it not that I would become an immoral you know out of Swartz person but in terms of giving me a direction in my life there would be nothing without this man in my life one of the biggest questions a human being can ask is what's the meaning of life and I think as followers of Imam Hussain the answer is given to us he is the meaning of life so I'd say thank you to him for everything he'd done and I would I would ask him to recite his tragedy to me I want to hear it from his own lips what happened to him I couldn't take listening to it but when I sit down by his feet and listen to what happened to him from his own eye witness account because we know the fifth Imam his grandson said if our Shia knew what happened in Karbala they'd die of grief his father the fourth Imam said Karbala made us living corpses so there's so much we don't know about what happened and I want to hear from him exactly what happened coupled with that I want to ask him how how did he do that because we as human beings when something small happens in our life that harms us disturbs us our faith fluctuates when you look at Imam Hussain did not once did his faith fluctuate it stayed up yes he was a human being who had emotions who felt sad but how he kept that air of faith in God is something that will always astound me many people ask this question why does God allow evil in the world and that question never bothered me because it's just a fact of life a question that's bothered me my whole life is that how has God allowed 14 innocent people especially Imam Hussain suffer when they did nothing wrong that's a question that's bothering me my whole life I would ask him I was saying that question is that how did God like this to happen not that I don't doubt God whatsoever but I want to hear from his own lips how he kept that faith and that will hopefully inspire me when I when the meeting ends at the beginning I asked you about almost 1400 years ago and you rightly replied with with hindsight it might be easy to say if I was there I would stop this or if I was there I would delay this tragedy from happening or try to aid this person in this manner and you finished your answer to the first question having me told you that Imam Hussain alay salam gives you the choice you said even if he gave me the choice I'd still do whatever he advised me to do because I would want to bring his heart at least some piece on a day where he had his heart broken into a billion pieces in this day and age a lot of us forget that we have a 12th Imam and in a way at least him being physically absent from us gives us a choice in using our own opinion and logic in how we want to serve him so I guess my final question is what have you done for the 12th Imam to bring his heart some piece what do you think he deserves from you and how would you take let's say an 11 12 year old boy's hand and introduce him to the 12th Imam what do you think is the best way I think first of all personally speaking I don't differentiate between the Ahlul Bayt the other narration that says the first is Muhammad the last is Muhammad and those in between are Muhammad so for me serving one Imam it's as if you're serving the rest of them however the question is is a good one in terms of what would I give to the 12th Imam what could we have to offer him I think there's three things that come to my mind that I personally would like to do the first two are linked together the third is a bit separate the first thing I would like to do is to be an instrument to be a tool to be a part of his vision and we know the vision of the 12th Imam is justice and good manners because that's what Islam is justice and good manners so in my day-to-day conduct with my fellow human being whichever background they come from I want to be someone that treats them justly there's never never ever oppresses them and as good manners with them I mean that's a small step if everyone did automatically the world would be a good place because as we know in terms of how long I've been alive I think right now the world is not is in the worst place I've seen it since I've been alive so I think small things is the way to start the second thing is I would say the most important thing and it comes linking to a narration by the 6th Imam where he says bring people towards us with your actions if you notice we in this year school of thought we don't have stalls and on bus stops and on street corners telling people they're gonna go to hell if they don't join us because we like to say actions speak louder than words so I would say that the second thing I would like to do to the Imam for him rather is to be a good ambassador for him so if someone comes across me they see me they interact with me they say to me who do you follow that makes you like this and I say I follow 14 impeccable people and the last one I'm waiting for him to return because I don't think we realize the power of leaving a good image of our religion in people's head in today's society if you can have good manners with people they can see where it's coming from and that will portray the Imam in a very good way and conversely if you oppress a single human being while representing being a Shia Muslim you've damaged the Imam in a very very severe way in my opinion that's the second third way is recently I came across a narration where it astounded me and it said that when the 12th Imam returns what's he gonna say first to the people so he announces it's him what is first words now when any president gives their first speech King Queen ruler whoever it might be gives their first speech everyone's watching and we focus on their first sentence because that sets the agenda of who they are and according to some narrations the Imam says oh mankind or universe rather my grandfather was killed oppressed my grandfather was killed thirsty these are the first words that the Imam's gonna give to us after over a thousand years that to me shows that the whole purpose of him coming back is to as we say on a Friday investigate the blood of Karaballa he's made it so important to the universe to tell them my grandfather was killed thirsty and oppressed that gives me a message and that says to me that I must do the same I must tell people what happened to Imam Hussein and Karaballa not to convert people not to show off not for PR because that's at least we owe him I'm Hussein that the world knows what happened to him and I can guarantee as a byproduct by people learning about what happened to this man the world will wake up because I was saying they didn't die to save us as such that's not an ideology as such he died to wake us up and I think the 12th Imam wants us to ensure that his grandfather's memory will never ever go in vain so I would do something ensure in whatever capacity I feel that Imam Hussein story is told to people and I believe this can be done in any walk of life whatsoever you can wear a turban and go in a pulpit and do it you can be a street sweeper and do it you can be a CEO and do it every walk of life you are in I believe whichever job you have you can tell people about Imam Hussein it would do you know how much so ever so those are the three things I'd give to my mom if he accepts and how would you introduce an 11 or 12 year old to the 12th Imam I think every religion or non-religion has this view that the world's not good enough right now it needs needs to be saved whether you're a Christian waiting for the second coming of Christ whether you're the Jewish faith waiting for the Messiah to come whether you're one of us waiting for the 12th Imam to come we're so many Muslims for the Matthew to come we will have this core belief that there are going to be people who will make it all better in the end I never portray the 12th Imam as a religious figure because that's off-putting straight away in the society we live in he's a man of principle as I said before he's a man of justice and good manners I would tell an 11 12 year old that one day a man will come and if you're just a good human being who is just who has good manners he will make you go far and he'll help you he'll put his hand over your head and guide you that in itself is attractive because I think an alternative to the current world we live in right now the 12th Imam is that alternative that we have he's the hope that we have and again as we have an eye on theology every Friday every day even we wait for his coming and we pray for his coming and if you have this man in your head that one day he will come psychologically you can keep going every day might be difficult but you know there's an end point coming and the 12th Imam as we call him ourself is the relief he's the relief so I would introduce him as a figure who is universal not as a Muslim only as a Shia only I think that's wrong his universal figure for every human being he's the Imam of all mankind not just us


Welcome to the next session on conversion of a non-deterministic finite automaton to deterministic finite automaton that is NFA to DFA using subset construction method, myself Rashmi Dixit. So let us begin the session at the start, learning outcome. At the end of this session students will be able to solve problems for conversion of a particular NFA to DFA using subset construction method. As we have already seen what is deterministic finite automaton. So it is one type of finite automaton in which for every string x there is a unique path from initial state. X is accepted if and only if this path ends at final state. Non-deterministic finite automaton for any string x there may exist 0 or more than one path from initial state. Multiple transitions on the same input symbol or no transition on an input symbol these are the main reasons of non-determinism. To convert NFAs to DFAs we needed to get rid of non-determinism from NFAs. Actually DFAs and NFAs both are equivalent. DFAs are clearly a subset of NFAs. For a particular language if we draw NFA it is possible to convert into DFA which accept the same regular language. Any NFA can be converted into a DFA by simulating sets of simultaneous states. Why non-determinism exists? For the combination of state and input symbol there may result into more than one state. Each DFA state corresponds to a set of NFA states. While converting NFA to DFA there are some steps or algorithm before that we will see how our DFA will be. Given a NFAM where Q alphabet transition initial state and set of accepting state we are going to build a DFA M dash where Q dash contain all subset of states in Q. The initial state of M dash is the set of containing Q0 F dash is the set of all subsets of Q that contain at least one element in F. Equivalently the subset contains at least one final state. Now delta dash that is transition corresponding to the state S and the input symbol A which is indicated by this particular equation or formula where delta dash S of A is equal to union of delta P of A where P belongs to S. There is exactly one state that result the union of all sets delta P of A. We are going to remove unreachable states in Q dash. Subset construction method is the primary or the main method used for converting a given NFA to DFA. The following are the steps. For every state in the NFA we are going to determine all reachable states for every input symbol. The set of reachable state constitute a single state in the converted DFA. Each state in the DFA corresponds to a subset of states in the NFA. We are going to find reachable states for each new DFA state until no more new states can be found. We will see one example. So you will get the idea of conversion from given NFA to DFA. Now this NFA consists of four states Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 where Q0 is initial state, Q3 is final or accepting state and symbols are 0 and 1. Now we will start solving one by one. Always start with the initial state. So delta dash Q0, 0, answer is Q0 that is pi processing 0 from state Q0 machine remains in the same state. Same way we process for one that is delta dash Q0, 1 by processing 1 machine remains in the same state as well as move to the Q1 so answer is set Q0, Q1. Q0 which is the initial state in the original given NFA also act as initial state in the converted DFA. We will only process those states which are reachable. So now time to process state Q0, Q1. We are simulating states into a single state. So delta dash Q0, Q1, 0 that is we are processing 0 on Q0, Q1. Now look at here we can union we are going to take the union of delta Q0, 0 and delta Q1, 0. So the final answer is Q0, Q2 that is delta dash Q0, Q1 for processing 0 gives us Q0, Q2. Same way delta dash Q0, Q1, 4, 1 delta Q0, 1 union delta Q1, 1. So the new state is Q0, Q1, Q2. Same way we make an entry into the table from Q0 the next state is Q0, Q1. Now time to process the next state which is generated that is Q0, Q2 delta dash Q0, Q2, 0 is delta Q0, 0 union delta Q2, 0. So from Q0, 4, 0 machine remains in the same state and from Q2, 4, 0 machine move to Q3. So the answer is Q0, Q3 delta dash Q0, Q2, comma 1 that is a processing of 1 at a state Q0, Q2 delta Q0, comma 1 union delta Q2, comma 1. So the new state generated is Q0, Q1, Q3. Now time to process delta Q0, Q1, Q2, 4, 0 and 4, 1. So after processing 0 it gives us new state that is Q0, Q2, Q3 and delta dash Q0, Q1, Q2, 4, 1 delta Q0, comma 1 union delta Q1, comma 1 union delta Q2, comma 1. And the answer is Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3. We are simulating states into single state. So entry into table continue. So 4 states are generated or reachable Q0, Q0, Q1, Q0, Q2, Q0, Q1, Q2. Now the next processing is delta dash Q0, Q1, Q3, 4, 0 delta Q0, 0 union delta Q1, 0 union delta Q3, 0. So the generated state is Q0, Q2. Same way delta dash Q0, Q1, Q3, comma 1, delta Q0, comma 1 union delta Q1, comma 1 union delta Q3, comma 1. So from Q1, sorry from Q0 there is processing of 1 and the generated states are Q0, Q1. From Q1 by after processing 1 machine goes to Q2. So union Q2 and from Q3 there is a no transition for 1. So the 5. So the state is Q0, Q1, Q2. Now time to process Q0, Q3, 4, 0 and 1. So delta dash Q0, Q3, comma 0 delta Q0, comma 0 union delta Q3, comma 0. So the state is Q0, delta dash Q0, Q3, comma 1 delta Q0, comma 1 union delta Q3, comma 1. So the generated state is Q0, Q1. So our table continue Q0, Q0, Q1, Q0, Q2, Q0, Q1, Q2, Q0, Q1, Q3 and Q0, Q3. Now remaining delta dash Q0, Q2, Q3, 4, 0 and delta dash Q0, Q2, Q3, 4, 1. So after processing 0 from Q0, Q2, Q3 the transition goes to Q0, Q1, Q3 and from Q0, Q2, Q3 after processing 1 transition goes to Q0, Q1, Q2. Remember one thing we will only check or process states which are reachable no need to process step wise. Now the next is delta dash Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, 4, 0, 1. So the generated or the reachable states are Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, 4, 0 from Q0, Q2, Q3, Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 that is machine remains in the same state and Q0, Q2, Q3 after processing 1 from the state Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3. So the complete table here of a DFA so Q0 initial state and one important thing wherever Q3 that is accepting state of NFA is present in the simulating state that all becomes the accepting state of your converted DFA. Just look at the diagram. Now all students please pause the video and solve the given problem to convert the given NFA to DFA. Hope you solve answer is same. So this is a


Does that answer your question? Yes, thank you. So, would anyone else like to raise another question? As far as I see, many Chinese people believe in filial piety. They take good care of their parents at home by themselves. So, can you tell us why there will be a search in demand for elderly services in the future? Interesting question. You're right. In the past century, elderly care services were mainly provided by individual households, which means Chinese people were taking care of their own parents. This was possible because most of the couples have more than one child. But the family structure changed after all these years. The new family structure will be four to one structure, which means there are four grandparents, two parents, and one child. The only child in the family won't be able to take care of his or her grandparents. And parents at the same time in the future. So, that's why we believe that there will be search demand for elderly services in the near future. Did I answer your questions?


My name is Cheryl Burgstahler and I direct accessible technology services at the University of Washington in Seattle. Our services also reach out to our branch campuses in Baffle and Tacoma. My name is Hadi Rangin and I'm a member of IT accessibility team at the University of Washington. Words appear using a screen reader. Hadi is an accessibility expert and he's also a user of accessible technology. He uses a refreshable Braille display and screen reading software that reads everything on the screen. I am blind and I use a screen reader program at home and here on everywhere. A screen reader program is a software that communicates with the operating system and conveys the information to me. Welcome, land, accessible pages, design, features, office, and design officer. You know, even if you are reading as a sighted person, you do not read every content at the same speed, right? Sometimes you have to make a pause and then review what you have read and then digest the information. For us, it's the same thing. When we are reading, for example, a normal conversation, we can read it very fast. But when we are reading technical content, then we go a little slower, we make more pauses. Accessible University One. I have slowed down my screen reader program. Better. Tending level one traffic accessible university. Better end. But if it is, for example, about email, I can go faster, faster, faster, faster, faster. Make a notification region. Show menu keyboard shortcut button. I can go that fast. But it's not enough for Hottie to have a screen reader. Websites must be designed excessively in order for the screen reader to provide a full experience of the web page. I would like to show you two pages that are visually pretty much consistent, identical. But one of them is accessible. One of them is not accessible. You will see in an inaccessible page how difficult it is when those accessibility features are not present. Words appear. An accessible website. This is the accessible version of a fictional university that we have developed here. We call that accessible university. Here, for example, on this accessible page, I can ask my screen reader to show me the major component of the page. It tells me we have a banner section. We have a main menu section. And the main body. And then there is another region. And content information, which is the same as footer section. So assuming the page has been developed correctly, I have good idea about the major component of the page. Words appear. An inaccessible website. Let me now go to see this page, the inaccessible version of this page. A home page with illifier, accessible university, double-sided accessible, accessible university. This looks pretty much the same as the other one, the accessible version. But here, when I ask my screen reader to convey the major component, it says the Norwegian found. So for me, practical, accessible university is that I have to read from top to bottom. Accessible university, alt-tab, title, note, alt-tab. And if those accessibility features are not present, everything has the same weight. So we do not, there is no way for us to say that we're a major section of stars or where it ends. It is really not just the fact, reading the content. It is also about navigation. We have to discover the page and then that is the most time-consuming problem. Because, you know, once you know where you are, what you are reading, then it is usually fine. But the discovery process or navigation process is the most complicated process in the accessibility field. In order to do it, I have to read from top to bottom. Whereas in the accessible version, I could easily see what the major component was and then select the desired one and move to that section quickly. Headings is also a means to get information about the structure of the content. It gives me a good understanding, a good overview about the major or minor component of the content. So I see that here. Accessible university itself is heading 1 and under that we have features of story which is heading 2. It automatically conveys the information that this section is a subsection of the heading above. You know, see that also the overall get the outline of the page and the major sections of that. That is the difference between accessible and inaccessible. That screen reader can only access the text that is presented on the screen. And so if someone just scans in a document and puts an image up on their website, that screen reader is not going to be able to read that content. And so the web developer in that case needs to know to create all their materials so that they are accessible to a screen reader. In other words, so that they can access the text for that screen reader to read it aloud to a person who is blind. It's essential that people with disabilities have access to assistive technology, but that's not the end of the story. In order for them to be effective users of technology, the technology that other people develop like websites and software and PDF files and so forth, must be designed in such a way that they can use it with their assistive technology. Words appear. For more information about IT accessibility, consult uw.edu. This video presentation was created with funding from UW IT. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this video are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Copyright 2017, University of Washington.


Well, Nini, batim totoa nani, batim totoa mama, well, Niji, batim totoa mama. We'll be done if we marry a kwa. Ati, mahea, pebo. What is said? What is said? What is said? Uka tene, prinseta.


This is called Saint Death by Marcus Sedgwick. Marcus Sedgwick has actually written a book that's won the Prince Award before, which is one of the biggest awards that you can get in young adult team literature. Also, you guys, look at this awesome cover. Isn't it so cool-looking? Yeah, I love it. So what this book does is it explores what life is like to live on in a border town in Mexico where there is a huge drug trafficking kind of situation going on. And so we follow one specific boy and his name is Archero and basically he makes a living just kind of scrapping together odds and ends jobs. He would love to get out of this town if he could, but what happens is one of his friends comes to him. A friend who has a pregnant girlfriend and really, really needs some help from Archero. Basically, his friend has stolen some money from a gang because he wants to get himself and his pregnant girlfriend out of Mexico and into a better life. So he asks his friend to help him to escape and Archero feels really bad for him, also wants to escape and he agrees. And so we constantly, like what we're doing is we're basically finding out their plan of escape and of course, you can see the danger in the situation and there is. There's a lot of danger. There's a lot of suspense. There's some violence in it and basically if you like Sons of Anarchy, you might really like this book. If you're okay with a little bit of violence, if you're interested in kind of drug trafficking, the behind-the-scenes that goes into that, which is kind of scary, but also a realistic kind of thing that actually does occur. If you want to talk about immigrants and what it takes to get into America or just to get out of your hard situation and get to like a better way of life, this book explores all of that and it also asks, you know, what length would you go to to stand up for what is right and to be there for your friends and I just think it's actually a pretty pretty awesome book and I hope that you enjoy it.


What's the word y'all? I read back man. Game number three was good. You know, as a neutral fan, I'm gonna join this NBA final so far. We got a couple different stretches throughout this one. It was a lot of green for the show. A lot of runs by the Boston Celtics. Jalen Brown comes out initially setting the tempo with 17 points in the first quarter and in perfect Jalen Brown's fashion, he ended with 27. He ended with 27. Jalen Brown, you know, he can score him bunches and then he not go cold cause he still ended up nine for 16 but he just be, at that point he's like, you know what, I did my part. Let me go clamp up and there are a lot of possessions in this game where it's like one-on-one defense with him and Wiggs, one-on-one defense between him and Steph Curry and he clamped up. He understood that his job was to set the momentum and then play some defense. And then, you know, it's all green for the majority of it and then we get to the third quarter.  We get to the third quarter in the avalanche that is the golden state Warriors ramp up. Steph Curry's doing his thing. They're still dropping on the pick and roll and Steph Curry's hitting the shots. And then we get to the fourth quarter and the second time in these three games, I guess we can call it a collapse by the golden state Warriors. 11 points in a fourth quarter is dreadful. And we're gonna talk about all of those things but before we do, let me talk to you about my sponsor, Prize Picks. Listen, man, there's only a couple more games left of the NBA season. There might just be two. Listen, I don't really know. Hit that link in the description and download the Prize Picks app and use Coke candy because they're matching all the pods up to $100 for new players. Like there might just be two games left for the NBA season. I don't really know but it's okay because it's deeper than basketball here.  There's so many things you can make an entry on. The way this works, you pick some of your favorite athletes.  Today I made an entry. I admit I did not succeed because I thought Jordan Poole was gonna give us a better performance but he did not. It actually was very hard to watch. His threes were at 1.5 and he ended with one. So I did not win my entry today but I'm back at it for game number four and you can be too. Hit that link in the description to download prize fix. Use code Kenny and get into it. I think the worst thing about all of this if you're a Warriors fan, it's not the fact that you lost this game because it's basketball, it's a seven game series. Being down 2-1 ain't as bad as you know, it could have been worse, right? The worst thing about it is in the last couple minutes of this game, Steph Curves in the bottom of a dog pal. Like somebody just had a game when his shot and he was just jumping on top of each other and he tweaked his ankle a little bit. You know, Al Horford got on top of it and he walked around, he leapt around and there's not that big of a gap between game one and game two, it was like three days. Between game two and game three, it was like three days. And now the next game is like in a couple of nights, bro. So it's not a ton of time for Steph Curry. I am hoping, again, as a new true fan and he is okay because he's been a pleasure to watch. He's been dominating through three games. And of course y'all know, if bro was injured, series. You feel me? If bro was injured, series. You don't win without Steph Curry and his fascism. All right, so there are a lot of things to talk about, man.  I know it was the title of my video, but you know, clicks and I was successful in getting those clicks. Referring, right? Referring was not good in this game, but I will not go out and say it was Celtics in the refs versus the warriors of vice versa. What I have noticed is that the neutral family we are watching this game, we can acknowledge when the refereeing is bad. But one thing we will see is that it don't look like it's one way or another. That was my interpretation of today's games. Maybe you disagree, but it didn't feel like that it was Celtics in refs versus warriors. And that's why the warriors lost. But in my mentions, every single night, every single time somebody's favorite team loses, it's, damn, the rest are against us today. When in reality, I think they're just bad. They're just bad. They're gonna miss calls and the call for them calls. It's just the reality of these things. And the fact that Steph Curry wasn't foul trouble, the fact that Wiggins wasn't foul trouble, the fact that Draymond Green fouled out is not entirely on the referees. Yeah, maybe Steph Curry got one more foul than he deserved, but still that's just a game of basketball. It's just the way it is. The referee was not good, but that's not the reason why the Golden State Warriors lost this game because when we got to that fourth quarter, and we're gonna talk more than just the fourth quarter because we had a whole 48 minutes worth of basketball. But when we got to that fourth quarter, I'm not, again, I say this all the time when I'm talking about coaches, I will never be able to understand the game of basketball on the level that is Steve Curry.  She is way more knowledgeable in the game of basketball than I am. But as an outside when I'm watching this fourth quarter and watching Robert Williams and Grant Williams go out there and get every single offensive rebound and turn it to open market smart three or turn it to adjacent eight and drive to the basket. I can't help but to look at Kevon Looney who plays sub 20 minutes and be like, why is he not out there? Especially, I'm sorry, I'm getting my hair done later tomorrow morning, so it's all over the place. Especially when the guy that's supposed to be the anchor, the new five in this small ball lineup, Drake Montgomery is playing as bad as he did today. We get to the fourth quarter, the ball is being thrown around like they don't know what basketball is. Turn over after turnover after turnover for the goal to stay worse, trying to throw it up with three seconds into the 24 seconds as to turnover. And then now the Boston Celtics have four straight possessions because they're getting all the offensive rebounds. We talked about the end of game two that I was hoping that Robert Williams is okay and in reality he's not, but you saw bits and pieces of the impact that was him. He was dominant in the whatever minutes he got today. And a lot of that is because it's like Otto Porter. Who is it? Otto Porter, Gary Payton, the second, Clay Tops, and Steph Curry, and Draymond. He's killing the glass. And then he even got to the point where E-May Yudoku was like, I'm kind of digging this offensive rebound thing. Big ow, get back in the game. And now we got four or five lobs because they're getting second chance points. I don't know how you could go four minutes with this small lineup of the worst and see the same four minutes that I saw and be like, Kevon Looney don't need to play right now. I believe that Kevon Looney's minutes should be close to mirrored with Robert Williams at the bare minimum because the man Kevon Looney damn that single handedly won them two series by him rebounding the ball. And second chance points is one of the main reasons why they lost today's game. So it was just weird to me to see Kevon Looney twiddling his thumbs on the sideline when the other team is running big and getting the rebounds. And listen, Draymond, I don't even know what else I could really say about Dray. This was another one of the worst games that I've seen from him. And he's always been a dude that like the countless stacks never tell the full story of Draymond Green's impact. He was a net negative tonight. And there has not been a ton of times in Draymond's career as far as when he blossomed into like a all star caliber player where I could say that when it was like big time games he was a legitimate net negative. That's hard. It was hard to watch him go out there and not do nothing but talk to the referees about a missed call or the fact that he didn't foul somebody. Draymond, bro, you are foul. And gee, even if you didn't foul this possession you closed last somebody too possessive going you to get called for it. So maybe it's okay that you get this foul. Draymond has to be more composed. I think that he let the crowd get into his head in the bigger moments.  I'm actually very curious to see everything that is said in this one because he had a terrible performance. And in this game where you get Steph Curry again continuing his dominance with him ending up with 31 points. And you get Clay Thompson having his first great game of the finals, they needed more from you. And more from Draymond Green don't necessarily mean he need to score 15 points. It's like be better. This might have been the worst offensive game they've had. Marcus Smart is sneaking passes defenders for like ducking layups and stuff. That's not the Warriors basketball that got them to this point. And if they wanted chance to win the series they got to step it up because in this game Jason Tatum put it together. In the end of game number two, I said if we can get the playmaking that we got in game one of Jason Tatum and the tough shot making that we got in game two of Jason Tatum in one game it's gonna be hard to win the game if you're the opposing team. And we got that. This is about as composed I've seen Jason Tatum in a minute. Well, I guess not really because in game number one he was doing this. He was drawing in all of the defense and kicking it out to his shooters and his shooters were making shots magnificently. Magnificently. And then from one of the few times in this series they had hunted and successfully did it. Steph Curry was caught on the island. And for the most part of the series for the vast majority of the series I would say Steph Curry has been a positive defender. He's held his all once he did get the switches but today with him being in foul trouble it's harder to defend when you're in foul trouble. Objectively. Him, Wiggs, Dremont can't give the best version themselves when they're in foul trouble but I'm not about to sit here and watch all the fouls that they were giving I would assume that majority of the fouls that they were credited to were deserving. So when me seeing them in foul trouble was one of the reasons why they couldn't defend. I'm not blaming the referees especially when you get to play with Steph Curry coming down court and you put his hand in the cookie jar on Marcus Smart. I didn't think that was a shooting foul but damn sure it was a reach in foul at the bare minimum. Things like that. And he got in foul trouble very, very early on. And you can't defend at your best potential when you have to think about the fact that oh, I got four fouls and I'm also the superstar player of this team. I can't afford five in the third quarter so Jason Tatum trying to get by me. Gotta let him do his thing and we just gotta live with it. And that's the way they played this entire second half. And when you put that with the offensive rebounding you put that with the good level of defense from the boss of Celtics. This was a recipe for the Celtics to win basketball games. And this was a complete flip of the switch from what we saw in game number two where in game number two it just felt like the physicality that the Warriors were throwing at the boss of Celtics were too much. And this one, it was the flip side. You got the physicality from the boss of Celtics. You got the hustle from the boss of Celtics and you did not see that with the Warriors. You know, we talked about very early on that one of the main things that's gonna determine this entire series is the turnover battle. And in this one, turnovers to the Golden State Warriors, 16, turnovers to the boss of Celtics, 12. And then when you think about second chance points, you think about points off turnovers, that is the reason why you lose this game, man. And again, you go into the fourth quarter with all of this momentum and then it just gets cut off, man. I'm waiting for them to upload the play-by-play. Like I said, the game literally just ended. So they have, they uploaded it. Hey, shout out to the NBA, man. Shout out to the NBA because they fast-witted. Let me go find some clips that I want to talk about. I think that the first foul is the one with the ifeus. You know, let me hit that mute because that's how the NBA catch you. This first foul is the one that has the ifeus. He does put a little bit of body on Jalen right here and he gets called for that foul. But I think that's probably a continuation and you don't call that and just let the ball play. But other than that, I think it's third foul maybe somewhat questionable, but it's just like such bang-bang plays in most cases. If I'm the Warriors to change this, I make in preparation for game number four, get Kevon Luni a little bit more burned. I didn't feel like when I was watching Kevon Luni out there that he was a liability on either side of the floor. He can't be that much of a liability offensively to Dre Ma Green, you know what I'm saying? So play Dre Ma, or play Kevon Luni a little bit more. I would love to see more Gary Payton. I think game number two, he was great. And in this one, we barely got to see him. Maybe Les Jordan pulled in the more Otto Porter, give some more big wings that could potentially just be out there defensively. And Les Steph Curry rock, man. The Celtics fans, y'all should be very, very high because you defend at home court at the bare minimum. Who knows what happens to game number four. It is a must win in my personal opinion for the Warriors, because I can't see a world where the Celtics go up 3-1 and then lose the series. Of course it's possible, but I've seen the way this team has competed for the past couple months and I just can't see them getting one out of three. You know, it's not a team that loses back to back games. That's true to this day. So I don't really know how it's going. Again, as a Neutral fan, it's been a lot of fun for me. And I'm excited that we don't have to wait five days for game number four. We can just get in and talk about some more hoops. Appreciate y'all.