Do I need the mic? OK, so this is a new thing we're trying out in our meetups. We prepared some interesting get-to-date exercises, probably things that you don't use very often, but you come across them in your life as a programmer and it can help you with certain things. So what I want you all to do is, if you have a laptop, bring it out. If you don't have a laptop, you might be able to carry it up with GitHub.com on your phone, or you might not. Let's see if you can. We have made exercises such that there are multiple correct ways of solving that, so if you can come up with some really cool hacks to do that, that would be awesome. So, any JavaScript developers in the room? OK, not bad. Anybody heard of this library called underscore.jx? OK, it's just a small utility library with a lot of functions for operating mostly on collections, so like map, reduce, all that stuff. So we're going to be looking at that library, clone it, or if you want to use GitHub, you don't have to clone it, but then I expect some really cool answers that we'll do. I can see Sebastian. I want to try it again. So I can show you the library, what it looks like. Basically, the source contains a lot of files related to building and stuff, and this is the main one, underscore.js, and it's just published as underscore.js, and it's a JavaScript file which has all the various functions that underscore is capable of, like iterative underscore.h. So everything, it's a flat structure, everything is just in one file. It's not built up of multiple modules, so the questions will be related to doing something with this file. Cloning done? No. You didn't do anything. I forked it. OK. Let's see where you go with that. OK, so underscore has one utility function called underscore.groupby. It's used to take in a collection and some parameters, and then you group them together based on whatever function you pass in. So we don't care about that. What we care about is when was underscore.groupby first introduced in the underscore.js source. And by the way, we have stickers to give out. We have auto caps and other things from GitHub. So you have about, let's say, five minutes. Five minutes. And yeah, let's see how fast. Who's the first person to come up with the answer? Which revision was underscore.groupby introduced? Possibilities are not currently searchable. You can find an answer on GitHub.js. It is possible to actually find this using GitHub? It's just difficult. It depends. If you really know GitHub well and you don't know the tool really well, then you can. Let's see. Sebastian, we're expecting some greatness. V6, what is 11?  Let me verify that. Found it? Is it the same as what Sebastian said? What did you think? F8A478. I thought you need a date. All revisions are on revisions. Okay, date? Oops, okay. I can't date. Okay, try to find the revision.  Anyone else? Except for CJ. Organizers not allowed to tell the answers. Anyone using the git command line to find the answer? You don't have the command line. Okay, if you're using the command line, look into git log. Okay, CJ also has another tip. You can probably also use git blame to find the answer. Sebastian, since you're ready with your answer, why don't you share how did she write the answer? What I'll do is I'll open git up here. Okay, so... Yeah, here's the desktop side obviously. Mobile sites haven't come really too much. Okay. So I searched this repository on top for group 5. Okay. I forgot how to type. Hang on. Okay. So in the code, yeah, I went for the tests. So... Can you search for tests? Yeah, I think it's the first or the second one. It might be the first one, actually. I've tried it yet, that's what happened. Okay. So I figured it would change less frequently. And then on top there, do blame. Okay, to... In this? If I do blame, yeah. It would tell me each line, when it was committed, and I searched for group 5, and a couple of... So this is January 20th, though, unlikely, and I went down a couple more. Okay. I just searched for group 5, so you can see I'll get a lot of visible cluster of them. That's pretty much where I made a change where the group 5 was done. And I also added group 5. Okay. I figured that's the most likely. Okay. You can have some after-catch for yourself. Awesome. You can... Do you want an hour? Yeah. Choose. All right. Okay. Cool. Yeah, that works. So you can use GitHub to find out stuff like this. Do you want to share your... Oh, yeah. Just in the command line. Okay. Wait, I have the command line somewhere. It... No. No. It... No. Then attach that graph. That... Graph? Yeah. And then just... Apply that? Yeah. Okay. And then just go to the bottom.  Okay. So... Right. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. And the same one. Nice. Can you tell us a bit more about what does this graph option do? Initially, I wanted to use the graph that is coming from the back... Mm-hmm. ...to do a tiny graph. Mm-hmm. But I realized that only you can do one line. Okay. So I could go in and let you all achieve your own graph. So we really searched for it. Okay. Got some fast googling, by the way. Okay. You can have some stickers for yourself. Thanks. Any other answers? Any alternative solutions? Steve Jenner? Yeah. Sure. That's L. Sorry? That's L. That's not L. Wait. Oh my God. What is it? It's... What was it? Seriously. Well, what did you tell me to do? You crashed the computer back. I think the keyboard might be good at new technology. No, I pressed the power button by mistake. What's the matter? Okay. We will be back in three... No, but I have to figure out how to do this one. Come on. So is there a way to trace the history of a particular line through a file? That's more professionalism. Yeah. I have to figure out how to do this as possible. So get... You're saying get along that arrow. That's your base arrow. Upper base arrow. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Let's break it. Smash. Group file. Like that? Yes. And then... Okay. It's really hard to type when you would like one. Okay. Because it's not far enough. Okay. That's... That's all the text is on the chart. So what does dash L do? It's tracing the original line. Yeah. That was... We read the first commit. It might be something that... See there? Dash capital S. Dash capital S. Get along that capital S. So how is this dash capital S different from graph? Can you show the metaphor? Yeah. Get help along. Can you explain it to us? So graph searches the...  From dash as such the patch itself. So... There are times where you want to look at different messages. Sometimes you want to look at the code patches itself. That's where the differential is. Can you do a dash as with dash p? So that you can show the patch. Okay. Can you scroll? Yeah. Okay. So this is showing the patch. And... Because this particular commit has both the group bar in the commit method. Message as well as the code itself.  So dash as will actually look through the file and the stuff that you changed. Yeah. And graph will just look at the message. Yeah. Okay. Can I? You can have some octocats to know if you need them. Okay. Pretty cool. Okay. So now we have... That was the first exercise. The second one may or may not be a little easier. So what happens to me a lot is that I'm looking through a library and I think I found a bug and then I find out that they fixed the bug. Now I want to know that do I have this fix in the version of the library that I'm using? Or is it in a newer version? When did they actually publish this fix to the world? For example in underscore there was a bug and then you can see the status is closed. So they fixed it. And if you look on github they fixed it in this commit. So it says it fixes 1189 which is the idea of the issue there. So they fixed this but the commit message itself doesn't tell me which release of underscore this happened in. So your job is to find out which version of underscore.js you know like one, two, three whatever this fix was introduced in. And you can try to use github for this or the command line whatever you feel. If you want the shyity of the commit it's 1, 4, C3, F9. You want to see what are the various releases of underscore. You can see that here. So if you go to the project home page then under releases you have the various releases that they've made. And as a hint you can also see that you can find those releases as tags in their repository. May or may not help you. They have a lot of releases from 0.1.0 to 1.8.3. What was this? This. And did you use the command line or get help? Okay. Do you want to share your solution? Let me open the command line. You didn't see that? Okay. You? Yes. Okay. Are you sure? Okay. So what does this tell us? So how do you know it's 1, 5, 2, and not 1, 8, 1? It's 1, 4. Okay. Yeah, that works. Pretty cool. Yes. Sebastian, the github way of doing. I sort of do what I'll have to do to commit. Okay. So when you go to like... So if I click on my latest commit there to B30, B40, B5, I get my click here. Okay. It puts the hash there so I put that partial hash in there and it sort of works. This guy? Yeah. Okay. And then? Good. That was awesome. So it tells me 1, 5, 2. Very clever. Do you want a different optocat? Yes. Okay, cool. That's it for these two exercises. I have a bonus exercise later but we'll do that after the talk. So now we have CJ for a talk about githconfig.


Russia concentrates a large army on the borders of Japan. More than 25,000 servicemen and hundreds of pieces of military hardware are involved in a surprise combat readiness check of Russia's Pacific Fleet. Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu has revealed all of the forces taking part in the exercise which kicked off on April the 14th have been placed on high alert. Shoigu told President Vladimir Putin they're engaged in fire drills and tactical exercises while also working on improving interactions between different branches of the military, the minister added. He noted that 167 ships, 12 submarines and 89 planes and helicopters are part of the drills. According to Shoigu, the second stage of the surprise check is currently underway, with a group heading towards the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The ships will perform the tasks of combat maneuvering and surveying the underwater situation. The drills will test the combat sustainability of strategic missile submarines and their readiness to use their weapons. The minister noted, adding that tactical air defense exercises have also begun. The final stage of the exercise is scheduled to begin on April the 18th, Shoigu said. Among other things, it will involve Russian strategic bombers flying to the central part of the Pacific to perform strikes against flotillas belonging to a simulated enemy. There will also be more missile and artillery drills against naval and airborne targets, the minister added. Putin stated that the surprise checks had thus far been conducted at a high level. He stressed that the Russian military is currently focused on the conflict with Ukraine, but added that nobody has aborted the task of developing the Navy. Shoigu stated last week that the large-scale checks were aimed at boosting the ability of the armed forces to execute the tasks of repelling aggression by a potential enemy from maritime directions. During the first stage of the drills, the Russian military trained to prevent enemy forces from landing on the island of Sakhalin and the southern coast of the Kuril Islands. Japan disputes Russian sovereignty over four of the islands in the Kuril archipelago, which the Soviet Union captured during World War II.


So we're here with a Seagate and hi, so who are you? Hello, I'm Gabriel Meijer, I'm working for Seagate for Channel Marketing and here's a new range of small storage products. So what is this? So we are proud actually to be able to launch our new OneTouch SSDs at EFAR this year in Berlin. So this is an external SSD drive. Very small, very handy, it's a lifestyle product, so it's about 500GB and 1TB and this version has a textile structure and we have also special edition in several colors. And so they're very compact, here's the information there, so it's using, what's the technology? Is it, it's not flash? It's an SSD. It's an external SSD, yes. So fast? It's very fast, it's reliable, it's a different technology than the normal disk drives and it's very handy and it's easy to put into your pocket. Nice, and what's going to be the price? So for a 500GB version it's approximately €99, whereas the 1TB version is about €169 The product is available mid to the end of October. Nice, and then you have some different SSDs here, these are also relatively new, right? You have this kind of style? So these are also external drives, so under the Lassie brand or the Seagate brand. So it's a different design, what you can see here, and it goes up to 2TB. And also there's a game drive for SSDs as well. And then you are one of the world leaders in portable hard drives and hard drives in general and these are summed up with PlayStation branding, yes. So we have game drives for either it is Xbox or game drives for PS4, yes. So that's, IFA is the place where we are launching this product worldwide now.


So lately, with this whole coronavirus thing, people are self isolating and a lot of people, their kids aren't in school right now and they're having to resort to online courses to get their kids through the year. And I can understand this is a stressful situation for a lot of people and I've gotten a number of calls from different people regarding different issues they're having. One of the first ones I got was from someone having issues because they had an iPad that they were trying to use and apparently the school system around here, the public school system requires flash for their online classes. So first off, don't use flash. Don't ever use flash. It is not in development anymore. It's the best of my knowledge. It's just it's a dead project, meaning anything that's using it is probably old and outdated. And flash has been known for having many, many security bugs in the past. And even if you trust the site that you're going to, the school site, which I wouldn't because if they're developing in flash, I wouldn't trust the security of their system. But even if you do trust that having flash or some sort of flash type application that allows you to run flash applications on your system is opening up security hole. I understand that you're in a tight squeeze. You weren't expecting this to happen. And now these school systems are support or forcing you supposedly to do this. Yes, I suppose because I'm just going based on what people have told me. Number one, if you can and you should be able to, I would recommend if you're going to install flash, do it in a virtual machine. It's not that hard to do, get it set up in that way. It's kind of contained in a sandbox or use a piece of hardware that you don't care about that you're not using for anything that has personal information on it and then wipe the machine when you're done. And people get upset when I say this, you need to contact the school system and complain the squeaky wheel gets the oil, right? They'll go, oh, that's just it. Well, they're making us do this is how they've done it for years. The fact that this is how they've done it for years and haven't updated is part of the problem and nothing's going to change if you don't complain. If all the parents contacted and just said, hey, flash is not secure. We're going to use it this time, but you need to update that. Enough people complain.  Do it.  Do it. This is your kid's education.  So that's number one. Next issue I had, I had someone contact me and say, oh, apparently they just bought a new computer. It sounds like we're doing the school stuff and they said that it's running really slow already and they don't know if it will be able to do the school, you know, classroom stuff. Online schooling, it should be very, very simple. It shouldn't be labor intensive at all on your machine. The most labor intensive thing it should do is probably, you know, video chatting and conferencing, which even the cheapest of devices nowadays should be able to do. There's a lot of things on what type of hardware to get.  Between 200 and 300 bucks if you want to touch screen. And these machines will usually run great for just web browsing, which is all online courses are. So if your system's running slow, the only thing I recommend is with those cheap little laptops, most of them will have four megabytes of RAM. Some will only have two or three. Four is kind of like the bottom line. You don't really want to go below that for modern systems. And to go from a two megabyte, sorry. Yeah, yeah, two megabyte. I said two megabyte, two gigabyte. Two gigabyte of RAM to four gigabyte of RAM. The upgrade in price is minimal. I mean, we're talking maybe $25 to get the faster. And that's more important. Storage space on those tend to be very small because they want to do all the stuff in the con. That doesn't really matter. Because you plug a flash drive or an SD card in and store stuff. But as far as speed, these machines aren't going to be very fast. But as long as you have at least four gigs of RAM, you should be fine for doing online school stuff. That's also assuming that the people who design the online classes aren't horrible, hard developers, which maybe they are. In example, the last one, the people who are developing in Flash. Because Flash is a memory hog. Next issue I had people trying to do video conferences. And in this example, the people were using a website called Zoom, which I had never heard of before. But supposedly it's the most popular for online classes and conversations. Of course the website is going to say that. I've never heard of it before. Maybe you have, maybe you haven't. Thing is, I went and I checked this out. And you should not have to install anything for any online course. Your web browser should be able to handle it all. Tests, chats, video conferencing. All that should be done in the web browser. There is no reason to install any application. The Zoom website, when you go to it, they try to get you to install the application. Luckily they support all these different formats. They support multiple versions of Linux and Windows and macOS.  You go to log in. And it tries to get you to download and install this program. And I was told that there's a program you can install. There's a web browser plugin you can install. Or you can just use it in the web browser without installing anything. At least with most web browsers, or at least more common web browsers. So the question is, why is it trying to get me to install stuff? So I go there and I'm like, I can't figure out how to do this in the web browser. Well, it kept asking me, install this, install this. I said no two or three times and then a little tiny, little tiny thing popped up at the bottom of the screen.  Click here to just use your web browser. And it worked. It worked fine. And the best of my knowledge, there were two functionalities that were not in that web browser application that were in the main. And one is you can put up a whiteboard and everyone can draw on it. I couldn't draw on it when the teacher put up the whiteboard. And other one where you can superimpose a background behind you. Other than that, all the functionality worked and didn't have to install anything. And those two things are things that should be able to be done in web browser. They just didn't implement it because they're focusing it on, focusing on their desktop application that they want you install. And you have to ask, why do they want me to install this so bad? If my web browser can already do it, why do they want me to install it? Don't install stuff if you don't need to. 99.9% of the stuff you're going to do can be done on your computer with the software that comes with it. And if someone wants you to install something outside of that, you have to ask yourself, why? And if it's something that your web browser or other applications that are already on your system can do, then you should not be installing that application. So again, some of these companies are going to try to force you to because they want control over your machine. And I understand that you're in a situation right now that was unexpected with this whole coronavirus. You're being thrown into this and maybe you have to, but double check that you have to. Because again, like with that zoom thing, you just had to click no. I'm not going to install a couple of times and they let you use the web browser, which was fully functional besides the two functionality. I don't need to change background behind me. And the drawing on the screen would have been nice. But at the same time, I didn't, there was a share screen function. So I could just open up some, some draw application on my screen and share it. So there's that. But think about what you're doing. And I get that it's a hard time, but still it is an excuse not to be safe. And if someone's trying to get you to install something on your machine that you shouldn't be installing, you need to complain. Even if you end up doing it because you feel like you have to, you have to complain. Okay. Things don't change if you don't try to get them changed. That's it. Stay safe. And I hope you found this helpful. Have a great day.


I think we're starting now. Hello, and welcome to the closing press conference of the 2024 IEA ministerial meeting and 50th anniversary. I'm Jethro Mullen, head of the IEA's communications team, and I'm joined today by the two co-chairs of the IEA ministerial meeting, Ireland's Minister for Environment, Climate and Communications, Aiman Ryan, and France's Industry and Energy Minister, Roland Lescure, and by IEA Executive Director, Dr. Fati Birol. So during today's event, our three speakers will each make some brief opening remarks about the outcomes of the past two days, and then we'll have time to take questions from journalists. We have journalists here in the room, and also many others taking part virtually in the Zoom. And for those journalists taking part in the Zoom, we invite you to send your questions via the Q&A function in the Zoom. You can do this at any point, and we look forward to your questions. With that, I'll hand over to Minister Aiman Ryan of Ireland. Thank you very much indeed, and I'm very honoured to be able to co-chair with our French colleagues this 50th anniversary ministerial meeting of the IEA. And I think it's been very successful. It's gone really well, and it's been an important stepping stone in the path to the transition we now know we need to make. 50 years ago, this agency was set up to provide security, energy security for our people, and the question I think we have to ask is what's the key definition of security and energy security today? And I think our communique, which we agreed this morning, answers that well in Article 20, I said this to our earlier meeting, we underscore again that energy and climate security are inextricably linked and emphasise that clean energy transitions ensure energy security. That's our core key goal, is to develop this alternative renewable, clean, energy efficient system that provides security for all our people. We've just come from a meeting of the family, various different accession countries, applicant countries, associate countries, as well as the 31 now members. We account for 80% of global energy consumption. And my closing words of that event was that we cannot divide on climate. We cannot afford a trade war in this leap we need to make towards energy security. We cannot leave behind particularly the emerging and developing countries that today have been frozen out from the clean energy revolution that is taking hold across the world. And we have to think at scale. Fatih and his team have done incredible job in recent years, not just in broadening the IEA, but also working with other international organisations. You look at what happened last year, Fatih working on G7, G20 to set those tripling of renewables and doubling of efficiency targets, which we then delivered in Dubai. Well, we need to do the same today. We need to go into the G7, which usually runs and the G20, which Brazil does and the UN General Assembly this September. So we go to Baku in November, but critically the following year to Brazil. And we combine clear national declared contributions with financing mechanisms that can deliver this transition for all our people. I want to refer just to two other articles which give detail of the mandate we're giving Fatih of where we see this future lies. This is agreed by 31 of the best, I would say, energy ministers around the world. In Article 9, recognising if we are to heed the science, then no new unabated coal plant should be built. And no new long lead time, conventional oil and gas projects are required. That's the wording from Dubai, transitioning away from fossil fuels set into more precise language. Similarly, we've got this twin task now to phase out transition away from fossil fuels, but also to build a scale the alternative. And again, in Article 4, agreed by us this morning, we know from the data that the IAF presented that we need to be spending 4.5 trillion a year at the end of this decade to make this leap. And 2.2 to 2.8 trillion of that has to be going to the merging and developing countries because we have to make sure everyone is part of this transition. Doing that increases all our security because we live diverse sources of supply because we will have reduced conflict, because we will have less forced migration, because we will improve the health of our people. A symbol, not a symbol, an important direction of where the IEA is going is the next two meetings. The first will be on the 14th of May when we address the issue of clean cooking and access to energy in that way. The 600 million people in Africa and hundreds of millions in other countries who are currently threatened by the lack of access. And then at the end of May we go to Nairobi to look at efficiency in that context. That's what's significant about this ministerial. The broadening of the family, the clear new sense of direction as to what energy security means, and we've absolutely determined we now have to deliver this one step at a time. Thank you. Thank you very much, Minister Ryan. I now pass the floor to Minister Lescure of France for your opening remarks. Merci. Je vais parler en français et au fond. Thank you. I'm sure he's speaking French, but my impression will be that I've been translating into French what Amon has just said, because he said everything, and he said it very well. So I'll simply add a few words. First of all, the IEA is 50 years young. Evidam. This year, and given the IEA's success over the last 50 years to, first of all, ensure security of supply, also create a group of member states and an enlarged family of states working together towards common goals, and also, this is important, produce rich, useful data, which is an evidence base, an objective basis for discussing these issues in an informed manner. All that will continue. But in addition, we'll have this exceptional mission. 50 years ago, the idea was to create access to hydrocarbons for everyone. Now, what we want is we want to use less and less hydrocarbons. We're going to have less and less need thereof, and therefore move increasingly towards clean energy. Amon, you've said this very well. The communique covers all the necessary topics. Now, our teams have to start working on that. Our teams, the IEA's teams, those who've worked on the draft of the communique, which was unanimously adopted this morning. The 31 IEA member states will soon be 32 member states because we have ascended to Latvia's request for accession. They simply have to go through the formal process for adoption to join the family. And now, we can look back on 50 years of success, but look forward to the next 50 years as well. Our change in productive energy generation, our ability to understand that polluting energy actually costs more than simply their base cost. They cost the planet something. They cost pollution, and we have to include these negative externalities in their prices so that when investors invest in such energies, they will know precisely what the cost of them is. At the same time, we need to stress the need, the value there is in investing in decarbonized energy so that, as we say, the externalities are well understood by financial players. The reason I say this is because public money is in short supply nowadays, but private sector money is something we need more and more. And therefore, the capability of investors to actually fully understand, incorporate the genuine, full value of what they're investing in is vital if we can get the transition going across the world, whether in Asia, Africa, or in Latin America. Speaking as a French national, I have to, of course, mention nuclear energy, which has been mentioned for the first time in my communique. Of course, there are different views around the table. Some Member States are convinced that it's an important basis going forward in the energy transition, but last but not the other's not. In any case, last but not least, thank you very much, Fatih, as an Executive General. We look forward to the next 50 years of the IA working together. Thank you. Thank you very much, Minister Lescure. And with that excellent introduction, I'll pass the microphone to Dr. Beryl, our Executive Director. So thank you very much. May I first thank both of the great ministers. They are both great, as you see. So we are so fortunate. This juncture of the energy and climate issues, global issues, having so two wonderful ministers chairing our ministerial meeting and the special meeting at the 50th anniversary. Many thanks, Mr. Minister. Many thanks, Mr. Minister. And also to your government leaders, President Macron, who send a wonderful video message and also to Prime Minister Varadka for sending another very good message. Dear colleagues, this was an outstanding ministerial meeting. For at least two reasons. One, the participation, we just come from a lunch. It was a good family lunch, we call it. Around the table, 80% of global energy use was represented. You cannot find it anywhere. 80% of the global energy use was represented and discussed in a like-minded way a global energy and climate issues. So from that point of view, plus having a very good dialogue chaired by Mr. Minister with the industry, oil industry, gas industry, renewables, the IT startups have a discussion was of unique importance in my view. So this was the first part, which was in my view outstanding, the participation, representation of the entire global energy sector. The second one is the outcomes. Some of the outcomes are, in my view, of revolutionary nature. First of all, I would say that our governments decided to take a very important step, which will, in my view, change the international energy governance for once and forever. A few months ago, the Indian government requested a full membership of the IEA, signed by the foreign minister, Dr. Jay Shankar, and we have discussed this with our governments for a long time and we have decided, as it is seen in our communique, that we gave a positive response, that we are starting the journey for the discussions for India to be a full member at the end of this journey. The second important, in my view, outcome is that our governments decided, working together with the government of Singapore, to open our very first center, outside of Paris, a regional center for cooperation for Asia Pacific region, so that we are going to be present in Asia Pacific region, and this was the second important outcome in my view. Third, as you all know, we are an oil and in general gas and energy security organization. 50 years ago, it was the main reason that we were founded and our ministers, led by the chairs here, gave us the mandate to look after a looming energy security challenge, which is the critical minerals inspired by our oil supply security mechanism, for which we have a lot of experience, starting a new critical mineral security program to provide a safety net for this very important issue. Fourth, I would say that our governments made clear that the climate change leading the energy world, energy world's fight against climate change is a priority for them, and therefore they have tasked the IEA to lead the global clean energy transition, and they have given us several Mondays in that direction. There are many other first times, and one of them is Minister Lescourt just mentioned, for the first time there was a full paragraph on the recognition of nuclear power to address the energy security and climate change issues. So we are very keen to make the most out of these Mondays to work together with all the governments who have participated in this meeting together with the energy industry and investors. So thank you. Thank you very much, Dr. Birrell. So we now have time for questions. I think we will start with questions in the room for the journalists who are here with us at the ministerial. I see a few hands being raised, and we have some microphones. So maybe this person in the front row whose hands shot up before Dr. Birrell had even finished speaking, I think. Yes, I think he knew why. And do please... I will introduce myself. Perfect. Hello, gentlemen only. I'm Cornelia from the Austrian Broadcaster. Thank you very much for having us here, and I have plenty of questions on this very long meeting you had. First of all, how much are we on track concerning energy security after you have met director? And then I have a super long question. Nuclear, as you know, the country is almost better than I know where I'm from, and which is a very, very... Well, they don't really like nuclear, and they hear now for the first time, nuclear has more than a paragraph. What's your point on... What's your take on facing out in Germany, the nuclear exit in Germany? What do you think about countries who are in principle against this technology? Can these countries actually ever meet the net zero targets or is nuclear not also very expensive, and it takes extremely long time to set it up? Thank you. Thanks a lot, and maybe we'll just take one or two other questions from the room. I see someone in the red sweater. Thank you. Rosemary Griffin from S&P Global Commodity Insights. It's a question about OPEC. You've criticised OPEC Plus in the past for its production cuts, and it seems quite committed to that policy for now. Are they still contributing to the risks of recession, and have you discussed oil markets with the OPEC Secretary General or the Saudi Arabian Energy Minister recently? Thank you very much. Maybe one more. Or, as I see, there's a gentleman there. Thank you. Thank you. I had a question about the US elections, obviously the US is a key partner for the IEA. Obviously the possible election of Donald Trump, do you think that could at all change the emphasis that the IEA has around climate, given ex-President Trump's views on climate? Thanks very much. I'm sorry, could you just identify yourself? Noah Brenner with Energy Intelligence. Thank you, Noah. So maybe I'll let our Executive Director begin. There's quite a few questions to go through and then allow the Ministers to weigh in as they prefer. So I can perhaps start with the question about nuclear power, and in our communique it is clear that it is up to the countries to pick up nuclear or not. It is optional. There is no push for the countries to make use of nuclear. If the countries opt to use nuclear power, we have highlighted the benefits of that, and it is up to countries definitely to make their own strategies. In terms of energy security, it is still a core mission, and it will be a core mission for the IEA, oil security, gas security, electric security, and our governments now enhance our energy security mandate by asking us to look after the critical minerals security. It is a very important task, and we will look at it carefully. The OPEC, we have not criticized anybody, and we have only mentioned that if the oil prices continue to go up, and if we take steps to push the prices up, it may well lead to provide upward pressure to the inflationary pressures, and this may in turn create challenges for only the fragile global economic growth. It is up to those countries to decide what they are going to do, but we also remind that this year's oil demand growth, which we expect about 1.2 million dollars per day, will be more than met by the growth coming from the Americas, namely US, Canada, Brazil, and Guiana. For the third question, what happens if there's a change in the government in this country or another country? So I believe that we look at the fundamentals of the clean energy transition. I don't expect that the political changes of a president or a minister or anything else will be able to stop the clean energy transition. The economic and technological dynamics are very strong. Industrial policy dynamics are very strong, and I believe the clean energy transition will continue to move fast, whoever the next president or the minister or this or that country will be. Thank you very much, and I think both ministers would like to comment on Mr. Ryan. Yeah, just very briefly on the first question. We got a message today of support from Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, and I think he's shown incredible leadership, particularly in the whole climate and other areas. I remember at the September, the United Nations General Assembly, special meeting on climate action, he made the case there, you have to get together and you have to compromise. And a text that we've agreed today obviously may include paragraphs that some countries may feel uncomfortable with, but that doesn't mean you can't agree the overall. And it's really critical that we did come together in a time when multilateralism is at risk in so many different areas that we are agreed, we are agreed in the clear, broad direction that we're going, and it's not forcing any one country in terms of its fuel mix, but it is absolutely saying we all have to go to decarbonise. And I think so, his words inspire a lot of good politics in my mind as to how we get cooperation on energy. And maybe a couple more words on this very subject. I used to be the Minister of Industry until last Friday. I'm not both industry and energy, and I've been speaking with French industrials and European industrials and global industrials for the last 24 months. And when I ask them, what do you need to make sure that you are on track and that we get rid of net emissions by 2050? They say one thing, we need low carbon energy like there's no tomorrow and we need it cheap. And I think all the countries have their own views of getting there, but it's about time we just get there. So some countries will get there one way. We know that Germany, for instance, is going full on on renewables. We've decided to go, let's put it that way, 50-50, we're gonna do nuclear and renewables. The most important thing, I think Eamonn just said it, let's just do it, let's do it together. Let's make sure that we both together get on that track, get actions, get money, make sure that private money is with us so that we move on. And I think the time for ideological wars is over. Now it's the time for action. And I think what we're showing today, it's the first multilateral meeting after the COP that we're ready to act. 80% of global consumption is ready to act and 35% of global consumption, which are the members of the EIA, is already acting. Great, thank you very much. Any other questions from in the room? Yes, the, that woman there, yep, great. Hello, Madoka Kitamats from Nikkei. Thank you for taking my questions. I have two questions related to the potential membership of India. The first one is, how is India going to contribute to the energy security, which is the mandate of the IEA? Is it by participating in the oil reserve or are there any other aspects to this? And the second question is, will the discussion be based on understanding that this is going to be a one-time exception for India, which is a non-ICD member? Or will this open a new pathway for other non-ICD countries such as Brazil and China? Thank you. Thank you very much. We've actually had quite a few questions in the Zoom as well about India. So perhaps I'll mention those and then we just have a round on India, rather than mixing up with other things. So there was a question from Anadolu agency, Nuran, asking, what is the significance in energy terms of the IEA starting discussions with India on full membership? And then there was also one from Context, Anu Bear, asking about the relationship between OECD membership and IEA membership in the context of India, of the talks with India and how could that change? Is the debate needed on the link between OECD membership and IEA membership? So a few different angles on the India question and perhaps Mr. Ryan, if you'd like to go first. I recall in Dubai I was involved in the climate negotiations and when it got difficult in the last day, last day the first text wasn't acceptable, we had to put it round and back and I'll never forget that there was a certain moment when number of countries started coming into the room on seeking a solution together, including the likes of Brazil or US and others. And that inclusive approach to what we're doing on climate, the biggest challenge of our time is really important. I think we were able to get agreement in Dubai because the US and China in sunny lands only a month previously had similarly agreed that we need to make cooperation. And I would agree, I would say give another example of this, I think India's leadership of the G20 last year when along with the IEA having the key role, promoting this tripling of renewables, doubling of efficiencies, another example of what Roland says absolutely right, we need to really change things now. It's not political, ideological, it's urgent action stations. And if that's a divide and leave out or exclude, then I think it presents real challenges. Yes, we'll have to, yes, the IEA and all the mechanisms here will have to be discussed. But I'm long enough, I was an energy minister from 2007 to 2011, I remember 2008, there was a special meeting in Paris with Henry Kissinger and all the greatest, great and good and we were talking then about including other countries like India and China. I think the world is now in a much more perilous position and that forces us to be more ambitious in how we cooperate on energy and on climate. Thank you, Mr. Ryan. Minister, let's go, did you? Maybe four words, we cannot not engage with India. I mean, it's a very important part of the global consumption is also very important and more and more important global supplier of energies, both the old ones and the new ones, we have to engage with them. So there's a clear mandate from the governing board for the director general under the auspices of the governing board to engage in this conversation. We'll see how and why it leads to, but we suddenly are willing to move forward because it's, as we said again, we all have to get arcs together and act further and more and India is a very important actor. Excellent, thank you, Dr. Birrell. I just wanted to add technical perhaps information here. Is it India, just in terms of the oil security? India's the oil security measures and what they've been doing up to now is much beyond that many of us may believe. Maybe it is not at the level that some of the IEM member countries have, but not very far from there. And as of today, we are going to start the discussions with India, it's a journey, it's a path, it's a process, but the important thing is as ministers mentioned, it is also expressed in our communique. There is a strong intention on both sides from the IES side and from the Indian side to have a very good, very happy process and a good result from that because if we want to deserve our name, international energy agency, we have to work with the countries like India, Brazil and the others and to have them as a member of the IE family. So it is in my view a very important step taken by our governments is a response to the request from the Indian government specifically from Dr. Jay Shankar, the foreign minister, and I am head of the IE. I am very, very happy with this result. Thank you very much. Were there any more questions in the room? A couple more, the gentleman from Kyoto, I believe. Dr. Bilba, congratulations on 50 years of IEA and thank you for the opportunity to ask you. So I'm Matsu Shimiaki from Kyoto News Agency, Japan. I have two questions because of your great leadership since 2015. The IEA has expanded its activities and increased international presence. And on the other hand, I think that the rapid expansion of IEA activity has brought the difficulties due to a lack of staff and the funding. How do you plan to overcome this problem and prevent decline in quality? And the second question is that what role do you think IEA can play in 10 years time when we celebrate IEA 60 years anniversary? Thank you. And then was there a question over here, yeah. Hello, Anka Gurzoo with Cipher News, the question for Dr. Burrell. In light of everything that was discussed today in the intersection of energy security with climate security, I'm curious to get your thoughts on the Biden administration's recent decision to pause new LNG terminals to measure their climate impact. Do you agree with that? Thank you. Thanks very much. And then we've got a lot of questions in the Zoom. We can't cover them all unfortunately, but I'll try and just put a couple out there that I think one or two of the ministers and Dr. Burrell may want to address. One is from Jonathan Leake of The Telegraph, who says, given that global gas demand is set to rise for years to come and oil demand is rising and coal use remains high, what chance is there of meeting the Paris climate targets? And then also a question from America, Hernandez of Reuters asking about how we respond to criticism that criticism or people questioning the projection that demand for oil, gas, and coal will peak by 2030. Do we think the data and projections are reliable? And then quickly from Paul Massad of You're Active, kind of talking about the challenge ahead, the trillions of investment that you were saying are needed. Have you already received any proof of commitments or is this just an announcement at this stage? And he would also like to know more about the new roles that the IEA will take on after the ministerial, particularly in terms of critical minerals. So perhaps again, Minister Ryan, if you'd like to go first. We had a very interesting presentation from David Turk, the Assistant Secretary in Department of Energy in the US, doing a very good overview of where we're at. And it's true in a whole variety of different areas, we're not going fast enough, particularly in the hard to obeyed sectors in the scaling up of real industrial heat and other solutions. But there were a number of green dots on the measurement of progress. And in the likes of the rollout of PV, there's a revolution taking hold, even in sunny Ireland, not sunny Ireland, cloudy Ireland. It is, sometimes.  Two times a day. All over the world, it's exploding in popularity and impacts. That won't stop. Similarly with the rollout of EVs, it's the better cars, it's not stopping. One minister after another acknowledging that today. So yes, I believe it can be, the fossil fuel demand has to peak this decade and I believe it will, because there's a better system, there's a better alternative. Just on the 4.5 trillion mentioned, that is just taking one of the IEA does well, which is an in-depth detailed analysis. If we're to meet the net zero path, it's a scientifically assessed and based figure. That is the scale of finance that we're going to need. And of that 2.2 trillion to 2.8 will have to be in emerging and developing economies. It's not rocket science to work that figure out. That will come, have to come from a whole variety of sources. We will not be all concessional finance, ODA or others. That has to be largely in private investment, married with public financing by all means to help de-risk the investment and to unblock the obstacles we have at the moment, particularly for investment in emerging and developing countries. So that's what we need to spend. That's the scale we need to make sure we deliver. In my mind, we have two years, as I said, to match the mechanisms for doing that with the new NDCs, the nationally declared contributions, that we're going to have to present as part of the Paris Climate Agreement. And that's doable with political will, and I believe the story here today as well, as it exists in Dubai, that political will is growing. Thank you, Minister Ryan. I think Minister Lescure wanted to say just... Yeah, I'll just add a few words on the questions on global gas demand and so on. And maybe explain what we've done in France to try to address this massive question, which is, are we doing enough? What we've done is every minister who's involved, so industry, energy, transportation, housing, and farming to make it short, how to produce a plan to make it work? We all had to. So how much biomass, how much transformation of steel plants, how much transformation of aluminum plants, how many cars do we need on the roads to drive clean so that we make sure that we are where we want to be by 2030 and 2050? And the short answer is yes, it works. You can do it, and it's gonna cost, and it's gonna cost even more in emerging countries. But if you do that bottom-up work, you actually show that it's possible. And we've done it so bottom-up that at the end of the day, what I did as an industry minister is that I signed 50 contracts with 50 factories in France, that together, a month for 60% of the global emission of French industry. 50 contracts, if they're respected, we'll get rid of 60% of French industrial emission by 2050. And you know what? We have the technology, we know how much it costs. We need a lot of power, low carbon, cheap. We need a lot of hydrogen, and we're gonna need a lot of time, and that's all we need. So let's just do it. Thank you, and Dr. Bill? Just to finish, perhaps here, the first question from Kyoto. I guess the countries are growing, I guess impact is growing, creativity is growing, but the budget stays the same if we are able to do with it. I think this is the right question, but I am the wrong person. I think you should ask the question to the ministers. And if you ask me, perhaps I would definitely say it would have been much better if our budget wouldn't remain flat since 10 years. It would be, our impact could have been even higher, and some of my colleagues could enjoy the weekends. I will say including, there are colleagues next to me.  I wish, I mean, this is a wishful thinking, but I wish some of the issues we are discussing here, membership here, the other countries in Asia, Latin America would be with us all the time. And I wish we would make major steps in terms of addressing climate change and giant steps there. And I wish also that the geopolitics would be a bit away from the energy business, and as it remains as an economic sector, not parts of the geopolitics today. Question about the Biden administration's recent decision on the LNG pose. Of course, it is a decision of government and based on commercial grounds. I can only tell you that our analysis show starting from 2025, there will be only a huge wave of new LNG capacity coming to markets. So in the next 2025 towards 2030, the amount of new LNG capacity coming to markets will be 50% of what we have built in the last 30 years. A huge growth, and a big chunk of it is coming only from United States, followed by Qatar, and there might be some commercial considerations in addition to the environmental issues. The question from the telegraph, I think it is about the, and also from Reuters, if I am not wrong, the peak oil and gas, is it? Yes, our numbers show that the oil, which is the most discussed issue, we said almost I think six months ago, the oil, global oil demand will peak before 2030. So I want to make it clear, there are two reasons for that. And this is with the current policies, one, we are seeing a major electrification of the transportation sector everywhere, but including the major markets, such as the Europe, China, and the United States. And the second, most importantly, this is very important dear colleagues, understanding China, in the last 10 years, more than two thirds of the global oil demand growth came from China only, okay? And Chinese economic growth in the last 10 years was over 6% per year, and Chinese economy is slowing down. There's a consensus on that, including the Chinese government, and Chinese economy structure is changing, going to a lighter economy from an energy intensive economic growth. This would slow down the Chinese oil demand prospects. So putting these two things together, we expect the oil demand will peak before 2030, just based on this technological and economic grounds. Having said that, two things. First, they meant criticize, but it was criticized, or not agreed by a small number of oil producers, or the spokespersons. And maybe I would also suggest all of you to look at the very fact that many of the oil companies, major oil companies in Europe, in the United States, and elsewhere also say the global oil demand will peak before 2030, full stop. Then last question about the investment. If anybody talk about, they are going to put investment on the table at the IAEA ministerial. No, this is not a meeting that the investments are put on the table, but countries have discussed, and came up with the solutions and the suggestions, how we can facilitate the badly needed investment levels that the minister Ryan has eloquently put on the table, especially those in the developing countries. Finally, critical minerals, what are we going to do? We are going to do a few things. Many of you know we have a, we publish oil market review, gas market review. We are going to publish regularly the critical mineral market review to look at the different developments in the critical minerals. We will look at the demand, supply, investment, and the prices to provide transparency. Second, we will make stress tests for different countries in terms of critical mineral availability, how they are going to cope, how they can cope in the context of tightness in the markets. And third, we are, as I said, inspired by the oil security mechanism. We are also going to discuss on a voluntary basis if a safety net and the critical minerals among our member countries. So these are some points, and may I also thank again the ministers once again, and I would also highlight it in my view. These tough topics are discussed with 50 governments around the world. It is another sign that the multilateralism still works, does work and provides us, as you see, in our wonderful communique. Thank you. Thank you very much, Dr. Beryl, and thank you to Minister Ryan, Minister Lescure, thank you to all the journalists here and in the Zoom. That really is all we've got time for. There's another meeting that the principals all have to run to, so for those of you watching online, you can find more information about the ministerial, the communique, the press release, videos of the events on our website, IEA.org, so please do take a look. Thank you all, and goodbye. Thank you.


Sometimes I'm asked by inventors about the setbacks that I've had as a patent attorney. They've seen their own fair share of setbacks in their journey. There's a lot of things that are unpredictable in business. When we bought our new building two months later, the pandemic hit pretty much the entire building was empty, just me coming in. On our moving weekend, there was a major hurricane that hit our area, so we just barely moved at time. There's unpredictable parts of business that every business person has to deal with, and every inventor's gonna deal with it. I think the best way to prepare for that is to have, build your team before there's a crisis, because when there's a crisis, you do need everybody rolling the same way and everyone on the same page.


The much-anticipated prequel to the Hunger Games, the ballad of songbirds and snakes, is finally here, and is it worth the hype? Hell yeah. This is the introduction song. It's not very good, but it's not too long. Now, just, I want to say real quick, you might notice the video and the sound is a little crisper than it normally would be. That's because I have a new camera and microphone. However, the acoustics in here aren't super great. If I talk at my normal voice and project the way I usually do, then, you know, it sounds really bad, so I will be talking a little more subdued for now, and I'm looking for a way to fix this, but if I accidentally go above that and the sound gets weird, then I just, I apologize for that. But, so the ballad of songbirds and snakes. When I first heard about this, I was pretty excited, because I thought, oh, okay, it'll be about the first rebellion where the districts tried to overthrow the capital and failed, or it'll be about the establishment of the Hunger Games, and then I heard that it would be about Coriolanus Snow, who was the villain in the other books, President Snow, and it's all about him when he's a kid, and he becomes a mentor to somebody in the 10th Hunger Games. And so, when I heard that, I was a little disappointed, but I was still excited for the book, because, you know, President Snow, a lot of people I think remember him as being a better villain than he really was, because in the books, he was decent, don't get me wrong, but he was much more of a representation of the capital as a whole than he was his own character. But people remember him more in the movies where he's played by Donald Sutherland, and not only did they give him more scenes to work with, but Donald Sutherland just dominates every second that he's on screen, and he just knocks it out of the park with that performance, so I think a lot of people give Snow more credit than he initially had. So I was a little excited, I was a little, alright, let's see his rise to power. And this book isn't even really about that. It shows the beginnings of his rise to power, don't get me wrong, but it mostly shows him as a person and how he became the tyrannical overlord of Panem. So at the beginning of this book, Coriolanus, that's the name he's referred to, and it's a weird name, and I don't like it, but whatever Coriolanus is, he's living in the capital, he's part of a formerly wealthy family. Like, his parents were killed during the rebellion, and their fortune was lost, so really, now all they have is the house, and they're just barely scraping by, but he's trying to put on the appearance that he's still wealthy, so they have to go to great lengths to do that, even though they're eating like cabbage soup and stuff every day, which is kind of neat, kind of interesting, and while it didn't exactly make me feel bad for Snow, because even when they're talking about stuff that happened during the rebellion and how awful things were in the capital sometimes and how some people were literally cannibalizing dead bodies because there was not enough food, even with that, we don't get a whole lot of information about why the districts rebelled the first time, excuse me. Rather, I'm still going off the assumption that the capital was living pretty much the same way it was during the main series, where the districts give away pretty much everything they need, except the bare minimum to survive, so that the capital can have this luxurious, opulent lifestyle, so in the end I couldn't feel that bad for them. So then, like I said, Coriolanus gets picked as a mentor for a girl from District 12, who is picked to be one of the tributes in the Hunger Games, and you would think that from there, the majority of the book would be, okay, they're training for the Hunger Games and then the games happen and he's just trying to keep her alive and then they fall in love. It's really not that hard to figure out. Well, you would be partially right. I'm not going to give away too much, but I will say that around 60% of this book is Coriolanus and Lucy meeting at the beginning and then forming a relationship, and yeah, it's not really a spoiler to say that they do become romantically involved, and then the Hunger Games take up a pretty big chunk after that. And then the last 40% is something a lot different. I'm not going to give it away. That last 40% is a lot better than the first 60, I think, because while it was neat getting to see the capital while it's still rebuilding and getting a feel for what type of person Coriolanus is as a kid, and while it's not as simple as, oh, he starts off idealistic and then becomes evil after that, or he tries to save his girlfriend and then she dies and then he becomes evil, it's a lot more complicated than that. See, he's a bit of a sociopath but not really. He just sees himself as being above a lot of other people because he comes from a prestigious family and he was used to growing up in crazy, opulent wealth. Even now that that's gone, he still feels above others. And in particular, the people from the districts, they don't just look down on them. People from the capital literally see them as subhumans that need to be controlled in order to keep them from killing themselves and others. And in fact, this book start opens off with a couple of quotes talking about the nature of power and specifically one from Thomas Hobbes that talks about how, hey, there needs to be an absolute monarch to clamp down on people, otherwise they're just going to go wild because people, that's just how people are. And while you might not agree with that, you do definitely see how Coriolanus could see the logic in it and how he could eventually come to agree with it. Now, the thing about any prequel is that the plot isn't that important and because you know more or less how it's going to end from the beginning. So what you got to do with it is either expand on the world building or expand on characters. And this book expands on characters really well. World building, we'll get to that in a minute. So characters, like I said, Snow, you get a feel for him. He's not exactly a normal person, but you feel like, okay, he's a pretty bad dude, but he has some good to him and that doesn't even go away at the end of the book or anything like that. Yeah, you do see him change and evolve and you don't exactly like him, at least I didn't, but you do find yourself rooting for him a little bit.  And she, I feel, could have been a little bit better fleshed out, but you know, she's still an interesting character, I liked her. And then there's like the Dean of the Academy where Coriolanus went and at first he's just kind of the mean authority figure who serves as a minor antagonist to the hero, but trust me, he gets some development later on and he becomes a much more interesting character. And then there's like Dr. Gall who is the head of the Hunger Games at first and she's a pretty neat character, like she's a crazy person, but just seeing her effect on Coriolanus is great. And beyond that, there are way too many characters in this book.  Like, I don't even remember the names of most of them. So yeah, that was clumsy and clunky. And the thing is, this is a pretty long book. It's a little over 500 pages, so you gotta be able to cut fat wherever you can. And in fact, while I wouldn't say this book went on a lot longer than it should have, there wasn't any one subplot or anything that I felt could have been cut, but there were individual scenes and individual paragraphs that went on longer than I think they should have and so an editor probably could have cut back on those and made this whole book probably 30 pages shorter and I think that would have been a lot better. As for the world building, man, I was so let down by that because the thing is, the first three books or the main series is told from Katniss' point of view and she doesn't really know that much about the outside world or how the world got destroyed or anything like that. So it makes sense that she wouldn't comment on it that much whereas Coriolanus is super educated. He should know about stuff like that and they don't really give any information about that in this book. Like, they mention there's nothing outside of Panem as far as they know. Like, there's no people or anything. But at the same time, they mention that Panem has a navy and that there's patrols off the coast to protect them but protect them from what? There's no information given and that seems inconsistent. So there's really no extra world building here. We don't find out how the first rebellion started. We don't really find out how Panem was founded. We don't find out how the world initially got destroyed. It's just a huge, huge missed opportunity and easily the worst thing about this book. Other than that, I only have a couple of minor complaints. Like, they really are just small ones because this book, while it's not super great and it doesn't have a whole lot of action for the most part, or plot-wise, I mean it's not super great. It doesn't have a whole lot of action or twist returns or anything. The last 50 to 60 pages are absolutely phenomenal and definitely made the journey worth it. Like, the ending of this is heavy. Okay, I'm not gonna give away any more than that, but it's heavy, okay?  It's a lot more complex than that. So yeah, definitely this book is great but there are a few minor nitpicks. For starters, I'll just let George Carlin say it.  Yeah, the Lucy Gray is a singer and there's a lot of points where they take up like two or three pages where it's just stanzas of her singing and I just skipped over the majority of those, to be honest, because I hate reading songs because I never know what tune it's supposed to be or anything. I just know the lyrics and I can't really get into it. It's annoying, so I just, I skip over them. While Coriolanus does clearly care about Lucy, he seems to care about her more as one of the good ones from the districts, you know? In fact, I think at one point they literally do say she's better than other people from the districts because they see them as being basically subhuman but he sees her as one of the good ones basically, so yeah, that made me like him a little bit less than I probably should have. Even though, yeah, you're not supposed to like him all that much throughout this entire book, don't get me wrong. He's a villain protagonist, especially at the end, but he, still, I feel like if they had worked on that, it would have made for a more compelling character study as opposed to just, oh, he's a racist and he does bad things and again, I'm making it sound worse than it really is but it's not that big a deal but it still did bother me. Overall though, like I said, fantastic book. It's a great example of how people can, even if they don't start systems and you know if they don't accidentally go out and kill people themselves, they can contribute to systems and forms of governments and economics and all that which do hurt other people and do kill them and they don't try and change things because, well, they're just looking out for themselves and they don't want to rock the boat and quite frankly the current system benefits them. So seeing all of that in this is absolutely phenomenal and it gives a great insight into not only President Snow's mind but the mind of most of the capital's leaders, I think, around the time of the main series and it really shows that even though, yeah, they made a lot of stupid decisions, this is how they came to those decisions and it even gives some pretty logical explanations for why they made the Hunger Games into the big spectacle that they were or, well, even why they made the games in the first place. I mean, granted, that's still kind of stupid and it's not the best way to keep your population in line, I don't think, but they explain it well enough that I'm willing to accept it and then when they show about how not only Snow but some other people really came along and made it into this big spectacle that it was in the main series, we see how, okay, yeah, that's how that happened. So if you're a fan of the Hunger Games at all, then definitely read this book. It's pretty fantastic. Thanks a bunch to all my patrons whose names are on the screen here. They helped me, you know, buy new equipment and stuff. Thanks especially to the $10 up patrons, Oppo Savalainen, Brother Santotys, Christopher Hawkins, Christopher Quinten, Emily Miller, Joel Joseph Pendergraft, Madison Lewis Bennett, Taylor Briggs, Tobacco Crow, Ann Vaivictus, and all the other names, you know, all of you are cool and actually my copy of the book came with this neat little sticker, so that's nice. And yeah, check out the Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes if you're into that at all, and I will see you next time. Bye.


What does science say around expectations and their role in our willpower? And what can we do to harness science to increase our willpower? Yeah, I mean, I was kind of shocked by this research. Because, you know, I'd always really believed the research on ego depletion, which was just the idea that your brain has like limited resources to practice self-control after a certain point when those resources are diminished, it's much harder for you to either stay focused on the task you're doing or to stay committed to your goal.  So it could be, you know, you don't end up going to the gym and you sit watching a box, say it could be that you're, you know, you reach for the cookie jar rather than kind of sticking to your diet, you know, all of these things that could be the like for me that I'm like always on social media rather than like writing my next book. So, you know, I really believe there's like when you get fatigued, when you practice self-control after a certain point, it's kind of diminished. But the research shows that actually a mindset is that is the result of a mindset. And actually, you have some people who see their willpower as being easily depleted in this way. And that becomes their self-fulfilling prophecy. You have other people who see willpower as being kind of self-enhancing. So it also makes intuitive sense actually, if you think about it, that you kind of get into the zone with doing the task that you're doing. Like, you know, if I was writing, for example, sometimes I can be really in the zone. And then it actually, once I've got that, it's very easy for me to keep going. It's like it becomes self-perpetuating. The same way of self-control. You might think that first day of giving up candy is going to be really tough, but then it gets easier after that point because you kind of built up your strength on that first day. So two very different mindsets, both of which can become self-fulfilling prophecies. And actually, most of us probably might have, you know, a mixture of the two. We might have one mindset for one type of task, like sticking to a diet, another mindset for another type of task, like exercise or kind of avoiding distraction at the workplace. But the good news is that, you know, whatever mix of mindsets we have, you know, in the situations where we have that depleting, limited mindset, we can, you know, once we're aware of that, we can remind ourselves that that's not necessarily the case. We can remind ourselves of the times when we have actually had this self-perpetuating willpower. And by doing that, we find that actually, you know, we've changed the script again. And we're on this new trajectory where our willpower in that particular area now is enhanced simply by changing our mindset. And what I love about that, we talk a lot of this on the show, you can't think your way into acting, but you can act your way into thinking. And in a lot of these examples, okay, we need to find other situations where we had that mindset and things came together and created that willpower. Well, if you're not experiencing life, if you're not allowing yourself and stretching yourself in various areas, picking up a musical instrument, as well as learning public speaking, as well as reading and listening to all of this content, then you're not going to have those experiences, the action points to draw from to make those mental models for other future activities that you're working on. So we talked a lot about exercise, we've touched a little bit on diet. And one thing that came out in the book was the power of words and language and how it can cue us and frame things in a way that impact our expectations. Is the meal going to be satiating or is it going to feel like it's basically prison food, flavorless, you know, something that I would dread eating versus a diet that I would actually look forward to. So what role do words and language play in our expectations and how can we harness the science to use that to our advantage, whether it is in dieting or reaching some of our other goals? Yeah, I mean, words are incredibly important in the way we frame all kinds of experiences. But using the example that you kind of started with food can change the way that your body responds to what you're eating. And I found that incredible. If you have a milkshake and you have been told it is this kind of sensible, but totally insipid health shake with few calories, and no, you know, real ice cream, no kind of chocolate flavoring. If you've just been told that is prison food, then hormonally your body responds to eat to consuming that as if you've eaten nothing as if it contain no calories at all, like the response with in your ghrelin, which is the hunger hormone, just barely changes at all.  And you're still going to have all of those hormonal signals to seek food. Now, if you have that same milkshake, and you're told it's luxurious and decadent, full of like delicious double cream, then your body starts treating that as if it's a really satisfying meal. And you see that drop in the hunger hormone ghrelin. So your appetite decreases after you've eaten it in just the way it should do. Now, again, you mentioned earlier that are we conscious of this happening? And we're not really conscious of that happening. Like I think we consume a lot of food without really considering the associations that we've got with that food, how it's been presented to us, but all of that is incredibly important. And I think in dieting in particular, you know, we can easily think that like, just forget about flavor, forget about enjoyment, it's all about reducing the calories. But this research shows that's the absolute opposite of what we should be doing. Like the flavor, the enjoyment, the pleasure that we're getting has to be a crucial ingredient in whatever we're eating, even if we're trying to reduce the overall number of calories. And going along with that, it's important to not distract yourself while eating. So you talked about your social media habit. Many of us will be on our phone and mentally checked out while we're eating and very quickly not feel satiated even after having a high caloric meal. And we're also pretty bad judges of whether or not food actually has the right calories, because again, we're cluing into these words. So we'll hear healthy or low fat. And all of a sudden, we're making expectations about what that's going to taste like, if it's going to fill us, if actually we're going to feel satiated at the end of that meal, all based on the words and the labels of the packaging of the foods we're consuming. Yeah. I mean, it's really unfortunate that say people have this, it's called the unhealthy is satisfying intuition. And so basically, if a food is simply labeled as being healthy, we assume it has fewer calories that it's not going to be so satisfying. And that becomes the sole fulfilling prophecy. We assume that if something is, you know, if we're eating a hamburger and chips that that is going to give us more satisfaction, even if the calorie content is identical. So you know, if you're on a diet and you're eating like played broccoli, a little bit of salmon, you know, you've we've got this kind of intuitive response that means that we expect to experience hunger pangs later on, and we do as a result. So overcoming that intuition, educating ourselves about food, about the calorie content, about the nutritional value of what we're eating, and then making sure that, you know, if you're eating those healthy foods, that you're still getting all the pleasure that you would have done from that junk food, you know, that is as essential to the process of dieting as just kind of, you know, trying to cut the calories without really considering like all of those associations.


Hello and welcome to the SuperCharge TLDW. Last time, Paul and I took our advance through the code and built a backend for it that does server-side rendering. I'm going to show you what it actually means in the browser.  It's still the advance that we built, and we can go to all the different subsections with the nice transitions that we have. However, if you look at the network panel, in this case, we are only transmitting minimal amounts of data, named the exact data that we need to show what the section is about. And yet, if I refresh the page, it still works because in that case, the server has decided that the entire scaffolding needs to be sent. And to how that works in detail, let's go over to Theory Corner, or as we call it, Theorieikke. Welcome to Theory Corner. This node server is what we have built. It's a web server written in Node that takes the requests from the browser. These requests could be for the home page, the about section, the contact section, whatever we have in the side nav. The server takes this request and reads a header file, the contents, and the footer file, and assembles these three parts into a response that gets sent back to the browser. However, if there is a partial flag present in the query part, that is instructing the server to only send back the contents, which is what happens when we do dynamic in-page navigation. And this is actually what is called server-side rendering because if the initial request is for about, the server will basically inject the contents for about into the return page, into the scaffolding that is around it. Let's look at the actual code back in real-world corner. Let's jump straight into the code. We're going to start at the bottom because that's the logical thing to do. So we're using Express to start our web server. And we are using Speedy because, ironically, the actual HTTP2 module doesn't work with Express, but Speedy does and serves HTTP2 and not Speedy. So that's kind of nice to have. So we have our certificates here. We're starting a web server that serves our app, and we're binding it to port 8081. The actual app itself consists of two handlers. The one handler that we're going to talk about in a bit that actually does the server-side rendering, and below that, we are just using Express's static middleware that does nothing else in the straight-up deliver files from disk over the network. It's just static file delivery. So let's talk about the actual heart of this server, which is the server-side rendering function. It is a handler, and it takes care of all the requests that are for HTML websites. These can have multiple shapes because it could be just a slash, it could be slash index HTML, or it could be any of the subsections with an optional index HTML at the end. And we turn that into a regular expression and just put that into the Express handler. And the first thing we do, we are extracting the zeroth element from the parent's object, which is the first parentheses from the regular expression, meaning it is an empty string if you're on the homepage, or it is the name of the subsection if you're in any of the subsections. And what we are figuring out next is, if this is, as I mentioned in theory corner, if it's a partial request or a full page request. If it's a partial request, the only file that we need to read is the index HTML of that subsection. So if you, for example, look in the index HTML of the about section, it just has this one line that I showed in the DevTools earlier. If it is not a partial request, we need to read the header file, the partial file, and the footer and assemble these to form the actual response. What we're doing next is, after successfully reading all these files, is we're turning them into strings because originally we get back buffers and we can't really work on buffers, so we're turning them into strings. And then we are using handlebars. The reason we are using handlebars, which is a templating engine, is because we have to do minor manipulations in the header to accommodate for the data we are going to inject. And what I mean by that is, let's take a look at the header file, is that in the header file, we have all the views that are currently not visible. But these are four views and we only need three because one of them is actually going to be rendered by our server-side rendering logic. So we wrote a little handlebars handler that will exclude that remote view that is currently in use. So if we are on the about page, these three lines will not appear in the output because we are actually going to inject the data. And this is what we're doing next. We have these three files, we're just assembling them step by step, concatenating them, and then sending them back to the client. Additionally, we are also generating an ETag. This ETag is there to allow efficient client-side caching. It is purely based on the contents that we have and we're just using a SHA-256 checksum to build it based on the contents. We are adding these ETag headers via the set method of our response and we also set sensible cache control headers. These cache control headers mean that even though the client is allowed to cache them, it has to revalidate every single time a request goes out for the same page. In case an error happens in any of these steps, and this is one of the beauty of promises, we're just using the promise chains catch handler to set the status to 500 meaning internal server error and appending our error string so that we as a developer know what just went wrong and can fix our code. Luckily, that didn't even happen on stream so we could never show off that it actually works. And that's already it. This is how you do server-side rendering. You take the index HTML, you inject the content the user actually requested and then you send it back to the client. The code I just skimmed over is on GitHub and you will find the link to the repo in the description of this video. Another link you can find in the description is the link to the full-length livestream that Paul and I did where you can see how we built this entire thing step by step. If you want to know more, subscribe to this channel on YouTube or follow us on Twitter. Thanks for watching, see you next time. The lights up there, you can click them. It makes you subscribe, it's a good thing. And also if you want to see me panic live on stream where I can't figure out why HB2 is not working, go there, that's the livestream and you will have an hour long of pure entertainment.


CPST is a stands for the Combined Placement and Sourcing Team. It's a team we set up initially as a response to the COVID pandemic to support the hospitals with discharging people as quickly as possible so that they could have space capacity available to cope with the COVID pandemic, but we have widened the team out considerably since then. We still have an element of the team which still supports people with hospital discharge, but we also cover older people with mental health needs such as dementia, and we're currently expanding into offering a service for adults with lifelong disabilities, both learning disabilities, physical disabilities. We source care and support for people who need adult social care, so that can be care and support to help people remain in their own homes as long as possible. We really strive to help people remain as independent as much as they can in their later life or for younger adults to regain some independence perhaps if they've had a deteriorating condition or something like that to really try and maintain their independence as long as possible. We look for care and support to help people stay at home. We also look particularly for older adults and some younger adults as well. We look for residential or nursing homes for them if they need that higher level of care as well and aren't able to remain in their own homes. We also work very closely with the extra care service in West Sussex County Council and support people to move to extra care schemes where they can live in a homely environment and have care and support that's quite tailored to their needs and help them again remain as much independence as possible.