Think Tech Hawaii program code. I have a very, very special guest this morning or this afternoon, Chelsea Harder, president of Pono Homes. What in the world is Pono Homes? Chelsea is gonna tell us all about it and it's just wonderful and wonderful work that her and her staff are doing. But first let me set the stage a bit. I am with the Hawaii State Energy Office and our goal is 100% lean energy by the year 2045, which is not all that long from now. And I was talking to a conservative guy not long ago and he was arguing against wind and against solar and saying, no, oil is the only way to go, oil and the fossil fuels. And a point that he made that I took pretty seriously was the fact that if we go all renewables plus efficiency, we're gonna need hundreds and hundreds of thousands. This is worldwide of solar panels and those use a whole lot of different minerals including rare earth minerals and tens of thousands of giant, giant wind machines primarily out in the ocean. And they are made out of special composite materials, again, rare earth and it got me to thinking just efficiency plus wind plus solar, that is not enough. We need to do resource efficiency also just in the humble example of a home. If it's beginning to have all kinds of problems, why not really fix up that home, make use of all that wood, all that concrete, all that metal that went into making the home and extend its life another 10, 20, 30 years? Resource efficiency, which is a good read-in to Chelsea's talk. This is Pono Homes and you know what? Chelsea, I am not gonna spoil anything for you. I'm gonna let you tell your own story. So take it away, Chelsea. Ah, thank you. It's a pleasure to be here, Howard on Think Tech. And like Howard said, I am president of Pono Homes. We are an energy efficiency company that focus on getting ourselves to our 100% clean energy goal and through single action. So a lot of times we hear those kinds of stories like how we're just told, you know, what can you do to transition to clean energy? And it really starts with the individual. So we help people by doing the dirty work in their home to help be more efficient. So if we could bring up the first slide, please, Hailey. So Pono Homes, we do in-person home energy audits and retrofits for Hawaii residents. So we'll have some of our technicians go into people's homes and they will identify opportunities for energy efficiency. That will mean installing LEDs, water fixtures like faucet aerators, high efficiency shower heads, advanced power strips or timers to help offset energy use and other things like cleaning vents and fridge coils. So like I said, we'll go into your home and really help identify those opportunities and do the dirty work to help you save energy and money. So the value in this service is not just a one-time savings. It gives cumulative savings over a number of years. You see some of the stats on the screen there. We serve 13,000 homes and saved on energy bills. This times those by 10 and it really adds up. So if we can sweep across all homes in Hawaii, we can really make an impact. And we do this through in partnership with Hawaii Energy and the County of Kauai. So in talking about traditional in-home services, we have a technician go face-to-face that's a little bit scary during COVID. So what we've done, which I'll talk a little bit about later is developed a self audit and a virtual audit where people, if they have high-risk individuals in their home can empower themselves to do these same services for their home. Next slide please. So why are we doing this? Like Howard said, we're really, really dependent on fossil fuels here in Hawaii. We spend a lot of money on them. You'll see some of the stats there. I'm not gonna repeat them. And 80% of our energy comes from oil. So how do we transition out of that? It's not only expensive, but it's dirty. And energy efficiency is the easiest, most cost-effective way to help achieve our goal of 100% clean energy. So there are other efforts that have to go in tandem with that. But as an individual, this is what we can all do and we can start by getting your home service by putting a home. It also, it really provides economic relief during these challenging times for everyone. So this is kind of a win-win. Next slide please. So these photos kind of give you a snapshot of what our service looks like. We work with the homeowner or renter and walk through the home to identify these opportunities and install these measures with folks so they can know, ah, this particular LED, I want this size, I want this brightness. We'll work with you on that because we wanna make sure that, you know, you're living the way you want to but that you're the most energy efficient possible. And then through the self-audit, so we've developed an online platform, a native web application where people can go online and kind of go through our checklist and be able to say, okay, this is the lighting portion of my home, I'm going to go through and install these measures. I have this installation guide from Pono Home and so on and so forth with water measures, cleaning filters, things like that. So it really helps people take matters into their own hands. So for those that are really self-sufficient and say, I can do this all on my own with a checklist, that's great. They can do the self-audit option. For those that say, oh, I kind of want some help because I don't exactly know what I'm doing. We have a virtual audit where someone from our organization will be online or on the phone, just like this on Zoom and we'll walk through their home with them and be able to say, see that fixture here, this is how you would switch it out. So we are now piloting this on the County of Kauai. We started over the summer and by next month, we will have served over 100 homes and the County of Kauai generously offered $150 worth of energy efficiency items. So they're seeing a ton of savings and I'll give you some stats on that in a little bit. But if we can go to the next slide and show you a little bit about what the web app looks like. So you'll see here, homeefficiency.com that is part of Pono Home. So these, I put three snippets here where you can see this guided self audit through the web application. And we get really specific with our measures because sometimes when there's kind of blanket statements, it's easy to get overwhelmed. So we'll walk you through step by step. And then once you have selected what items you want and if there's challenges, you can always look through the video and say, oh, this is how I install my faucet aerator. Then you will submit your request to us. If you're on Kauai, you'll be eligible to get $150 worth of items through County of Kauai. And then we are looking to implement this more broadly throughout all the Hawaiian islands. Okay, next slide. So these are some stats where in Kauai, we've saved over $37,000 per year on energy bills. So over 10 years, you just times that by 10, it gets to be a lot of great cumulative savings for people. 81,000 kilowatt hours per year we save and over a million gallons of water and 141,000 pounds of carbon dioxide. So if you want, you can go to homeefficiency.com slash kauai impacts to see this. And like I said, we're looking to scale this broadly because people are really happy with the results they're getting. However, we are still servicing homes through in-person, face-to-face. Our technicians have very strict COVID protocols. So they have the face mask, they don't touch anything that they don't need to, they have gloves and shoe covers. So we're really making sure that people feel safe when we're going through their home because economic relief is really important, not only just in the long run because Hawaii has a high cost of living, but really especially because of COVID, we're looking to make sure that people are not spending money on something they don't have to, like electricity if they can switch over just some measures. Okay, last slide. Thank you. Yeah, very simple. Why do we do all this? Because there's no plan B. I know there's a lot of, you know, SpaceX excitement from some communities, but really we need to cherish this island earth that we have. And I think Hawaii is in a really great position to be leaders in, you know, where we live in a closed system, where we can be leaders in sustainability because the impacts of our actions really are affected quickly and we have really strong communities where we can band together and really move this forward. We were the first to have our aggressive 100% clean energy goals. So I think with the help of other organizations and, you know, the great state energy office that Howard works for and policy, we can really get there. So we're happy to provide this small part in achieving our goals. Thank you, Chelsea. You know, we had a question. What excuses do you get to not retrofit the home for efficiency? Ah, that's a great question. I think everybody's really busy. I think they say, I don't have time. I've been meaning to do it or I don't quite understand what this means. And then some people will have maybe they're proactive and go out to Home Depot and get all these items themselves. And then they say, I haven't gotten around to it. So I think people really have great intentions and I think that the lifestyles that we have are very busy. So that's kind of the roots of why this company was developed in 2014 was like, hey, we can easily do that. This is something that, you know, we've lived in breathe and if we can make it easier on people to be able to provide the service, we are happy to. Thank you. Thank you, Chelsea. And you mentioned Hawaii leading the way in clean energy, which indeed we do. I used to go to mainland conferences, real life conferences with real life people at them. What a concept. And inevitably I would find the people look to Hawaii for leadership. And within Hawaii of all the islands, it's Hawaii that is really and truly leading the way. There are times when Hawaii is able to shut down all of their power plants and run a combination of efficiency because that brings the demand down plus the renewables that they have there. And on that very, very cheery note, we need to take a break for one minute. Sink Tech Hawaii code green Josie Harder back in a minute. Hi, I'm Rusty Kamori, host of Beyond the Lines on Think Tech Hawaii. I was the head coach for the Punahou Boys Varsity tennis team for 22 years and we were fortunate to win 22 consecutive state championships. My show is based on my book also titled Beyond the Lines and it's about leadership, creating a superior culture of excellence and finding greatness. I feature a wide range of amazing guests who share valuable insights about how going beyond the lines leads to success in everything you do in life. I'm looking forward to you joining me every Monday at 11 a.m. Aloha. Good afternoon again, Howard Wick with Josie Harder, president of Honohomes. We've covered a lot of ground and we do have a question for you, Josie. What are the biggest barriers you see to Hawaii attaining 100% clean energy? And we already know you're doing all you can to alleviate that problem. Right, so building on the, so again, assuming out from the residential perspective, I think if we look at the whole system of folks that are working on this tirelessly in Hawaii, I think sometimes policy is a challenge and I think that's why the 100% clean energy goal was really pushed forward because we need something to anchor to and something to keep us accountable. And there are a lot of great people in Hawaii who are so committed to this. And I think with policy, they're constantly working to develop these to help us transition. So I think another challenge is that we are stuck in a system where we're very dependent on oil. So this system was developed when Hawaii first got electricity. We're one of the first states in the nation with Yolani Palace. And back then, oil was cheap, it was easy. We didn't know how dirty it was. And I think changing systems is really hard, but we're all really working towards that. And then cost. Sometimes it is a lot more expensive to invest in renewable energy. I think we touched on energy efficiency is very cheap, but it can only go so far. And then Hawaii energy is really doing such a fabulous job in cutting our emissions with different programs. So yeah, I think those three things, policy, money and recreating a system for renewables. And you mentioned Hawaii energy, Telsie. Can you elaborate a bit about what the relationship between Pono Homes and Hawaii energy is? Sure. And I think, you know, for anybody who's watching Think Tech, I'm sure they're very aware of Hawaii energy's work. They're the energy efficiency program for Honolulu, Maui and Hawaii counties. And then there is Kaua'i County, which is a co-op. So everybody working on energy efficiency together. So what we do is we are one of their channel partners. So we work directly with them to get households on board with our services to sign up. And then we connect with them in addition to going into their home and retrofitting, we also offer them Hawaii energy appliance retrofits. So if they have an old refrigerator, they can work with Hawaii energy. And switch that out in other larger appliances as well. Now the refrigerators may be the most dramatic example. I know the rebate amount changes over time, but when I last looked at refrigerators, I think the rebate amount was $150. Plus, if they're still doing what they used to do, they would deliver the, or have the new refrigerator delivered for free at no cost. And then they would haul the old refrigerator out, again, at no cost. And they wanna make sure to haul that old refrigerator out so you don't put it in the garage for your fishing and your beer. And sometimes when you're in a hardware store, you'll find that LED lamps are inexpensive. And that's because Hawaii energy is subsidizing that cost. They should have a little sign there, saying compliments of Hawaii energy, but often they don't. On the subject of efficiency, I like to define efficiency simply as doing more with less. And the easiest example of that is some of you are old enough to remember what an incandescent lamp was. And the Latin word for white hot heat is, incandescer. I once had a state senator measure the temperature of an incandescent lamp. I used to take it around, take them around as samples and burn socks with incandescent lamps. He came up with 465 degrees. Most, that's heat, not light. Most of that was utterly, totally wasted. You know, oh, maybe I'll let you do this example. Chelsea, if you remove a 100 watt incandescent to get the same amount of lumens, the same amount of light with an LED, how many watts would you need? Putting you on the spot here. Thank you. I believe 10, but don't quote me on that. So what I understand from incandescent is that they are 90% inefficient. So they're actually heat producers and their secondary services providing light. So like you said, there's no question as to why you should switch over. And I'll have to look up that exact number. No, I'll give you a hint. The ratio is about 10 to one. You can remove 100 watt incandescent, replace it with a 10 watt LED and you've got the same amount of light.  It's producing almost all heat or almost all light. And speaking of which, some people are still saying, oh, I don't like LEDs because they are harsh and they're glaring. You can get any, you can get LEDs. And I think you probably offer this in any flavor you want now. Really, really warm, soft light, medium light, blue light and so forth. The more blue it is, the more intense, the look of the light. Efficiency has an economic investment. Let's say you took out that 100 watt incandescent, put in a 10 watt LED. How are you at numbers, Chelsea? I was going to put numbers back. I can put them out if you want. Well, let's say take out a 100 watt incandescent screw in a 10 watt LED. You're saving 90 watts. You burn that light for 1,000 hours a year. You're saving 90,000 watts, which is 90 kilowatt hours, which is times three, just from that one little light, you're saving $30 a year, based on 30 cents a kilowatt hour. And you paid, say, five or $6 for that LED light. And you say, oh, that's so expensive. First year savings, $30, is that? Well, it's an LED. That's all about, yeah, yeah. And then they last, at that rate, they last for like 15 years. So that's just a dramatic example of what efficiency does for you. And all of the items that you mentioned are late likewise, super, super, super efficient. And Howard, I'd love to go back to your point before about LEDs offering different watts and different size. So we, like, let's say we go to a house that has a chandelier and they're really interested in maintaining the aesthetic of that. So we'll make sure that we match their light, the shape of it, and the warmth with that. So we definitely want to work with the homeowner to make sure that it's always an upgrade, not a downgrade. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And just to speak in your chandeliers, the lamps that go in there are called the candelabra lamps, generally.  I recently did an unscientific survey and found that even the candelabra lights yield 80 lumens per watt. And the typical incandescent light, well, if it was that small, it would yield about 10 lumens per watt. So even with a candelabra, you're saving by a factor of 10 to one. And again, you do get any flavor that you choose. If we want, we can go to slide four again just to kind of speak to that point. So if you look on the left, we have on our native web app, and I'm sorry if it's a little bit small, but you have the different types of light. That's just a snapshot. There's about nine of the different ones that you can choose from. So we look for indoor, outdoor light, different globe-shaped things like that. So we'll make sure that, like I said, people get the right one. Similarly with water fixtures, if you look at the shower head, if you used to a handheld one, we'll make sure you get a handheld one when you switch out to high efficiency. I also want to mention that a lot of people think high efficiency shower heads are low flow. They're just more highly aerated. So you still get the same pressure and the same experience. It's just air mixed with water and it's still invigorating and you're not gonna downgrade into something that doesn't give you as much pressure. I think the technology since it first came out has really changed and it still offers that. And you mentioned one of the items that you offer are power strips. And before you describe what a power strip is, why it's important, I will say that the two huge users in homes in Hawaii homes used to be the resistance water heater. Those are gone because we all have heat pumps or solar water heating and the refrigerators and 20 year old refrigerator of a certain size would consume about 1400 kilowatt hours a year, get the same size refrigerator now with all the bills and whistles, 400 kilowatt hours a year. From men to savings, just from efficiency. But in our closing minute or so, can you describe why power strips are so important? Well, power strips are important because a lot of times we have appliances plugged in and they will pull voltage out of the wall and cause you, we call it a vampire load.  So the advanced power strip, you can plug that in and plug your TV, DVR, whatever you have into that power strip and you can make sure that it is not drawing power when you're not using it. So it's pretty handy. Yeah, and the more and more gadgets, electronic gadgets that we have in our home, the greater the percentage of total energy you say the account for. You go into a commercial building now and up to 30% of the energy used in a commercial building is called other because it's all those electronic gadgets. And when you leave the office for at the end of the day, a lot of those things may still be on and drawing considerable power. So the idea there in the commercial sector is to get those darn things off. So same principle with residential things, yeah. That's exactly. Yeah. And again, I wanna emphasize that Hawaii is leading the nation in efficiency. We're ahead of anybody else, even a super, super efficient state like California.  And we are looking at the 100% clean energy goal. It looks like we may finish ahead of schedule at the rate we're going because of like you and technology is improving so, so, so, so rapidly. I gave you the example of LEDs. And then on a very cheery note, the cost of solar is coming down, the cost of wind energy is coming down. They exceed, they're much cheaper than coal energy right now. So there is with all the doom and gloom out there in the world, there is definitely, definitely cause for optimism. So on that very cheery note, you have a little parting phrase here, Boris Chelsea. Oh, did you contact information in the last slide? Pardon, did I give you what information? Contact, oh, yes, if you want to contact us, please, please email us at OatPonaHome.com. So I-N-F-O-A-T-P-O-N-O-H-O-M-E.com and we'll be happy to speak to you about our different services. And I think, you know, parting words is that we're all in this together. We're so grateful to have partners like you, Howard and ThinkTech and Hawaii Energy County of Kauai and all the folks that are working towards this goal and something we're really grateful for is the communities here in Hawaii as well. So thanks everyone for charging on and I'm really confident that we're gonna meet our goals. Thank you for having me today. Thank you, Chelsea. It's been a great, great pleasure. And on that very cheery note, farewell from ThinkTech Hawaii, cold green. See you later.


What's your kryptonite? Indomie noodles. If you had $1 to spend, where would you spend it? Indomie noodles for the team. Vanessa Pham, co-founder of AumSum.  So ready. I love your branding. Who did it and what was the brief? So my sister and I were co-founders. We worked on the brand strategy together, and then we worked with Outline and Agency to bring that to a visual identity, which was to be a loud, proudy, rambunctious. What does AumSum mean? That's exactly what it means. So it's actually based on a Vietnamese word, which means noisy and rambunctious. And that was kind of our way of giving a middle finger to the model minority myth. What's the AumSum elevator pitch? AumSum is reclaiming Asian flavors that have been diluted in the grocery store for so long. We're building kind of the new authority in Asian food CPG. Everything in the packaging seems busy, but somehow it's kind of a good busy. How much did you play around with that until you said thin? We basically threw out all the best practices on packaging right out of the gate. That was the fun we wanted to have with it. So I would say we spent a long time on branding and packaging. It was not an easy feat, but I wouldn't change a thing now. And how many times did you think you had it and then you kept going? I never thought I had it till we had it. What was the big change that you remember doing when you went, that's working? It was like a full new visual identity. We went through like multiple full visual identities, trashed them, scrapped them. It was like in the movies when you like crumple paper and it was that, but with full visual identities. Let's dissect the packaging for a minute. How did you land on such an unconventional font? Just a lot of dialogue and discussion, soul searching on like what we wanted our energy to be and that translated into that font that kind of looks like a tattoo. It's inspired by many different things. Tattoos and then also like the strokes of brush work, but not too on the nose. What's your dream for Omsum? Our dream for Omsum is to be a brand that continues to honor and celebrate Asian communities and the Asian communities we represent while being extremely prevalent in America to be a staple in American pantries. In people of all backgrounds, all ages, that I think is the challenge is like we never wanna be diluted in who we are. That's like the crux of the Omsum magic. How much of your success would you credit to your packaging? Packaging to me is nothing without soul behind it and I think that we do such a thoughtful job, mostly my sister, that's why I can say that, at telling stories every single day about who we are, what we care about, what our values are and the packaging is just helping us tell that story, but I think you really need to be able to peel back the layers and see that kind of genuine, no BS story. You're no stranger to great brands. You attended Harvard, then worked at Bain. How much do you credit those brands for your brand's success? I mean, they definitely played a big part in shaping who I am, but I think that was a very different type of brand credibility than what we're building today. How much of those brands are the real deal and how much of them are reputation? I think that both of them are the real deal. However, I think there are a lot of other schools that are the real deal, that are schools or institutions that are the real deal, that don't get any of that type of kind of aura and prestige around it. So it's not that they're not incredible they are, but there are so many other incredible schools and companies that don't get that type of recognition. So, yeah. You created this brand with your sister. How do you divide and conquer? So she is our creative, basically our creative spirit. So she does everything, community, content, organic and brand marketing. And then I do kind of the full range of other things. So I do product and R&D, performance marketing, fundraising, finance strategy and operations and logistics. And now we're at our flow code, flow question. So this season we have a sponsor called Flow Code. Flow Code is basically a next generation kind of QR technology that you can just take your phone, the camera scans it and you're immediately given to your own custom flow page. They will make one for you. So imagine you're gonna have an Omson one. Everyone will see on their screens there will be a flow code. What would you love your flow code to link to? I would love our flow code to connect to our recipe content. Like we're making a ton of fun recipes with a bunch of different creators and they kind of live on a part of our website that people don't know about. Like a flow code would make so much sense to help people figure out how else do I use this product beyond kind of the recipes that I have in the packaging. Does good packaging make food taste better? Potentially, just because I think so much of taste is bias that people come into it with, but at the end of the day, I still think it's just, it's gonna be tweaking perceptions around the edges. I don't think it's gonna make a good product. I've learned that lots of brands have a certain tribe that really helps fuel their success. Who's your tribe? Without a doubt, it's Asian Americans. That's a community we really wanna do right by. That's who we center in all of our marketing and all of our content. And obviously that doesn't mean we're not inclusive. Like our universe and our community beyond that stretches far and wide, but like our core kind of like rider-dye community just gotta be Asian Americans. How do you and Kim resolve disagreements? I mean, we just hash it out the way sisters do since 1994, that's what we've been doing. So we know how to do it well. Besides sales, what metrics do you look at to determine the health of your brand? I think one of the biggest ones that I'm looking at is a path to profitability, like from day one as a management consultant, I cannot. I just think that I wanna control our own destiny. And so we're paying attention to operational efficiency really early on. What's the best part of the job? Working with my sister. How do you make sure your brand resonates and doesn't just check boxes? I think a lot of brands kind of work backwards from what they think is an opportunity in terms of being a brand. Like, oh, there's a white space as a brand, which I get. And like, of course we take that lens at times, but more often than not, we don't actually come from that place, we rather just look inwards and say like, who do we wanna be and how does that translate into a brand? And what are our values and how does that translate into a brand? So I think it's just a different approach. What's been your biggest investment to date? People, definitely people. Are you a good cook? I like to think so. I saw Omson and a few other cool new brands were able to partner with Disney around Rhea and the Last Dragon. Did that move the needle? For us, that was really a chance to tell a genuine story about the first Southeast Asian princess and what that meant to us. So it was really great bringing that to our community and our community responded really well. Does it have super duper impact on business? Depends on how you define business. If you're just looking at like pure sales, like our own product launches were definitely stronger because they're like net new flavors and products. But if you're thinking like, okay, caliber of inbound partnerships, you're talking about like potential grocery retail wholesale partners, like, yes, absolutely. What's your kryptonite? Indomie noodles. If you had $1 to spend, where would you spend it? Indomie noodles for the team. What's the biggest lesson you've learned so far? As a founder, being very clear about who you are and who you exist for is really, really important. There will be a million people, million and one people telling you you should be this or that.  So being really clear from that on the beginning and having a thought partner in that, like for me, that's my sister. Being young founders, if I didn't have her, I'm sure I would have been led astray, so. Who do you consider your competition? If you're talking like, okay, I'm getting an MBA, who are my competitors? Like other Asian food CPG brands. But when you talk about like the Omsom view, I would say that we don't view it that way at all. We really believe that kind of like rising tides, raise all boats. What acquisition channel has been the most successful? Purely just for us, it's been word of mouth, organic marketing and a flywheel with press. So probably those two channels, but in tandem, not alone. What keeps you up at night and what time do you wake up in the morning? At the end of the day, what keeps you up at night is just people relationships. Like I want to do right by people. I want to communicate clearly. I don't want to be misunderstood. So I really think about conversations and communication very intentionally. And then what time do I wake up? I'm, I start work at nine and I wake up at like 8.15. Work from home or office? Love working from home, but also the team culture is so important. So we're starting to do a couple of days in the office. Vanessa Pham, co-founder of Omsom. Thank you so much for coming on and answering some questions. Thank you for having me and this was so much fun. I'm Ian Wishingrad and I'll see you next time on I'm with the brand.


Nu, we hadden allemaal Newton's formulatie van mechanieken. Het is een tijd-invogelheid van een mechanieke systeem.  Nu, wat had Newton ontwikkeld? Hij ontwikkeld, er is ekceleratie.  Nu, wat is ek volk? Ik kan het nie een volk zien. Ik kan het effectie van een volk zien. Ik kan dit ekceleratie omhoog. Er is ekceleratie onder ekceleratie. Maar wat is dit ekceleratie?   De constantie van de proportionaaliteit was inercia, de inerciaal maat. Ook de inerciaal maat en de inerciaal maat eindden in het hetzelfde. Dus, er is dit constantie van de proportionaaliteit. Dus, van dat, kan u dan het ekceleratie zien, nou, als ek de maat dubbel, want u kan 2 identieke objecten hebben, en ek dezelfde forse oefening, u kan zien wat m'n ekceleratie werkt, want nu is m'n ekceleratie het anders gaan gaan, en u kan ekceleratie kiezen van het ekseleratie, het is hetzelfde als mx dubbel, het is hetzelfde als ma.  En het is mooi, het is metemetisch, maar er is ook wat in juwisje aan het doen.  Wel, u kan het zeggen, er is verhaal op het, maar er is iets anders gebeur hier. Waarom is het dat verhaal? als ek nou de ronde oor de koin en die ronde oor in de cirkel en wabbel en voeldoen, waarom het dat doen, dat specifiek path, waarom het dat geschoen, dat specifiek path, en het dutie van het denken dat het in Hamilton's principle uitkomt.  Dus nu gaan we dit Hamilton's principle, ook die principle van oudere actie, principle van oudere actie, wat we van universiteit, van van m'n eerlijke dag, is dat, als ek een function heb, in X en Y, en ek neem het function eerlijke van daar tot daar, hier is het function die, dat is m'n, het eerlijke domain dat ek neem, hier is het function, ek kan gelukkig zien, die is een globale maximale, het seem dit is een globale minimale daar, maar in het between, every way you remember this where the, where the derivative, first derivative or the slope is 0, there is a local, a local extremum, local extremum and this local extremum is where the first derivative of our function, first derivative equal to 0, the slope is 0 and it can be either a local maximum or local minimum, we need to make use of this extremum, it's usually a local minimum and that's where it comes, there's something is a minimum when the water decides to take that path, something is a minimum when the coin rolls in a certain pattern, something, some nature tends to choose the path of some minimum and that's what we're going to deal with. I want to remind you of this equation, remember we said that if I have a function and I take its derivative, if it's a single variable, it's just going to be the limit, this delta x approaches 0 of this change in function divided by delta x, that was the limit and that was df dx and we have this delta f equals df dx delta x, we can write like this, as I say I'm not going to go into regular mathematical explanations, take this foreground if you don't know the change in our function f that means it's y axis change is going to be partial derivative of f with respect to x, now this is a function in x and y, it's going to be partial derivative of f with respect to x times delta x, the change in x, plus the partial derivative of f with respect to y times delta y, that gives us our change in f, just remember that equation, we're going to use it in this derivation. Lastly we're going to make use of, we've got to think about the phase space and the world line and I've tried to do it here, now we can remember cannon ball with an initial velocity, initial force on it taking this path, but that would have been in x and y, now this is phase space you'll remember from earlier video lectures in this phase space we have position on the x axis and we have velocity on the y axis and any point say for instance I go from this point towards this point, my initial point and my final point nature is going to decide on a certain path, nature will decide on a certain path in this phase space and this is time evolution, both are functions of time, so it's time evolution, nature will go from a certain position, now it's only y on the x axis but it's position anyway in space, I can jot that down and jot that down and that's usually what we're going to end up with this function not f we call it l and it's going to be a function in q and q dot and sometimes even t and we'll speak about that t a little later, so a function is going to be like that so I can still write the function of this equation but anyway along the line there's going to be a point where I'm going to have the q value in a q dot value, a q value in a q dot value and this is the equation that we are after, so we want to develop this equation instead of f I just call it l which stands for the Lagrangian so your wife there which will be a function initially we just going to make it a function of q and q dot which will be the same as a function in x and y I don't have two independent variables so it's written with 3 q q dot and t and that function will be a function of this graph called the world line in phase space so anytime t my particle is going to be on this line and I need to find this equation and the way that we do go about it is just to consider again this principle of extremum action least action that major decides that this is the path that the particle is going to tank I don't know what this is, now I could choose any other path for the particle to go from the initial let's say for instance the particle goes like this that's a path I chose that is another possible world line now it can cross itself, it can go to another galaxy and come back there are a lot of paths that can be taken what I want to do, what I want to notice is that from there to there should be the same time irrespective of what path the particle takes it starts at the same time and ends at the same time and in my experiment it starts at the point and it ends at the point so irrespective of the world lines that is taken the world lines are actually the actual one that we are interested in but we don't know what it is at that time and at that time beginning and end it's at the same position it's in the same position in space and time now if it moves in this direction at a certain time it might be there and at that same time it's got a long way to travel so say for instance at the same time it would be there so if I just look at that and I look at that difference here that will be delta q that will be the difference at the same time if it went on the path that it will take or this other path and what we want to know and why this is called the principle of extremum action is I want that to shing to nothing if all of these and remember there will also be a delta q dot big delta q dot here so there's this delta q and delta q dot difference between these two paths the real one and any alternate one and what I want to know is what I want to do if I shrink all of those differences too you can well imagine that this equation will shrink right up and go lie exactly on that now in order to get that we have this function called s that s is an action we call that an action and we say that equal to a definite integral and going from time initial to time final let's call it time 1 to time 2 of our function lq and q dot I'm just going to leave it there now with respect to time usually we'll have a t in there as well I'll say a few words on that so that is called the action and what you can see is on this equation for this world line that will just be the area under the curve I call that my action now that is this lq and lq in q dot I'm just going to leave it like that that is the actual equation for this graph but I can now have my alternate one so that will be q plus delta q and q dot plus delta q dot that will be the area under the curve for this alternate now this is a calculus of variation so if it doesn't make too much sense just take it on face value that will be the equation for this function of mine now even if I don't put t here I just want to say a few words about that I don't put t there as a third variable q is a function of t and q dot is a function of t those will both be equations because for q I can have an x y plot and that will be a graph on its own and I can parameterize that as a function of time so it becomes a line with the direction and same with velocity so those are both functions of time so implicitly my Lagrangian function my l function is a function of t and if I put comma t and that will explicitly be now when will we have this l, q, q dot and t that means there is some change in time now we are supposed to be talking about time invariance that there should be no difference in the laws of physics from one time period to another if there is change though something happened and we refer to that as a hidden degree of freedom if I push this board eraser if I push it like that there is some frictional force at the bottom so something is happening I'm just going to make it simple without going into deep explanation there is only two forms of energy potential energy and kinetic energy any other form and the friction that is in there now that is not a frictional force per se that doesn't really exist there are hidden degrees of freedom there there is interaction between the surfaces that touch each other so there is something happens and I have to take consideration of that and I would have had to build that into my very long equation my Lagrangian equation otherwise if I don't build that in there something different between the first and the second something was lost and we amalgamated in an easy physics if I can call it that I think there is some average friction of force it is actually just hidden degrees of freedom as far as time variance with respect specifically to T is concerned but for practical purposes here we are only going to consider the Lagrangian with respect to position and velocity so we have that now I want back to my phase space diagram here I want least extreme action usually a minimum and how can I do that I need for these delta q's and delta q dots to go to a minimum so what I really want is I want this delta s to equal zero so if I subtract the integral area under the curve of this one minus that one I want that to go to zero that is the extreme action or least action I want that to be a zero so what is that going to be well it is this integral going from t1 to t2 of the l of q plus delta q comma q dot plus delta q dot dt minus the integral going from t1 to t2 of the l of q and q dot with respect to time so that is what I am looking for I want this difference to be zero now it's not simple calculus or this calculus of variations which as I said I won't explain here but I just want these two at any time for these two to shrink and be on top of each other and that will be a calculus of variations and it will be an extreme if this goes to zero so what I am just writing here is zero equals delta s equals the integral going from t1 to t2 of delta l q dot dt so it is this one minus this one all the difference between these two is delta l it's the change in l because of a different pathway and I write here delta l and I want to refer you back to this delta if it was a function if an x and y and I have a function in q and q dot same thing and I can write it in that form so zero equals delta s equals the integral going from t1 to t2 of that so that is going to be delta l delta q plus delta l delta q dot delta q dot ok now we remember easy problems in physics in in the elementary calculus so I am just going to break this up t1 t2 and I am going to have delta l delta q dot delta l delta q dt plus the integral going from t1 to t2 of delta l delta q dot delta q dt I am going to clean the board and we will carry on with this the derivation so we continue with our derivation we start there now with these two integrals now on that side I think we can see that we can it's a product of two functions and we can use the product rule for this integral and what I can do is I make use of this stating which one is u which one is v prime let's make v prime this delta q dot delta q dot which means v equals delta q because q dot is the first derivative of q so that means this must be the l by l or del l del q dot which means u prime is the d dt d dt of del l del q dot so I can use the product rule I am going to have u v minus the integral of u prime v as far as that I am not going to go into the details of doing the product rule for integration so 0 equals delta s and that is going to be this integral going from t1 to t2 l del q delta q dt plus now I am going to have u times v u times v del l del q dot l l del q dot times delta q and I evaluate this at t1 and t2 minus the integral going from t1 to t2 of u prime v so that is these two so that is the dt of del l del q dot delta q dt now just think about this I am going to evaluate this at t1 and at t2 what I said in the beginning though is at the initial and at the final points there is no delta q there the two values are exactly the same here the two values are exactly the same there is no delta q there there is no delta q dot there so you can clearly see that this term is going to go to 0 that term is going to fall away evaluated it because there is going to be a 0 in the first one and a 0 in the second one so negative 0 is 0 so I am left with these two terms and I can just very quickly simplify these two and I can combine them together en I see I have a delta q is a common factor so I can idea there is going to be this minimum it is going to be the integral I am going from t1 to t2 of I am going to have a del l a del q a minus the dt of del l a del q dot in name both of these has a delta q in them delta q dt delta q dt now I have got to do this integral of this function this expression I should say and that has got to equal 0 now what is the only way that this integral can be 0 if I look at this term and I look at this term I don't want this term to be 0 because I've got my world line in any other possible world lines I want there to be delta qs otherwise we won't have this concept of the two possibilities en then going towards the real one so the only way that I can really have this integral being 0 is this term is that I want this to be an arbitrary any possibility as I say to another galaxy in that as far as the alternative one is concerned only one I have is this equaling 0 so del l del q minus the dt of del l del q dot has got to equal a 0 and that is where we have that is where we have the Lagrangian of a system setup in the next video I'll explain to you what we can do with this now I left you off with Lagrangian's equation del l del q minus the dt of del l del q dot should be 0 I could also just take this to the other side they take this to the other side those two has got to be equal to each other now of course people sat with this and just said what can this l be what can this function be so that if I take that function and I take its partial derivative with respect to position that that has got to equal the derivative with respect to time of the partial derivative with respect to velocity what can that be now there's a bit of explanation I can run through but I'll just give you the answer Lagrangian equals half in q dot squared minus the potential energy so what am I trying to say there it is kinetic energy minus potential energy as simple as that and if you plug that in you will see that this works so let's just have a look at that now q dot is velocity q dot is velocity and the potential energy does not contain velocity remember when we just looked at I have something here it's a meter down so for all the day it has potential energy and that potential energy was just mgh mass times reputational acceleration times the height that was its potential energy or I could have put it in negative there depending on how I set things up but see there velocity doesn't play doesn't play a part there it's only q height it's just the position it is so high up so that will be mg q so this is a function just of q and not q dot okay so let's do that let's take del l del l del q so just with respect to there's a q dot and not a q so all I'm going to be left with is the derivative of this so it was basically going to be minus v at q and that was going to be the d dt of that so what is the first derivative of energy you might remember this from calculus well that's just the force that is just the force the first derivative of velocity gives you a force what is del l del q dot what do we need let's del l del q del l del q dot sorry so what is that going to be well there's a q dot only in this so that's going to give me m q dot m q dot and what is the d dt what is the d dt I still have to get that of m q dot well that's m q double dot that's m a that's m a and that's equal to the force as well so force equals force on both sides and they better work out like that because if it didn't come to to be this then this initial this initial equation that I chose here kinetic energy minus potential energy wouldn't have worked out for me but beautifully there I have never used in any of these derivations but to get to this in this derivation have I ever used causality or determinism there's no force there's no effect I will use this thinking beautifully about nature chooses some kind of minimum and the minimum it chooses is that the actual world line that it takes I can construct any other possibility but nature will choose the line that's at some form of minimum so if I choose any alternative path and I subtract those two and delta q dots an extremum in this case a minimum I'm going to end up with this with this as long as I have the same initial position in the same final position in the same time and I get this which is Lagrange's equations I've set up all I need to now do if I have some problem that I have to solve I set up the Lagrange and off the system and I can do these equations and it'll apple pop for me an answer in other words I can still see what the acceleration will be I can still derive what force would have had to be applied for that but without using force and acceleration and all initially to start off with I can set up I'm only looking at q and q dot now once again I just want to reiterate I don't have t I don't have t in these functions I only have them in here with velocity I only have them implicitly not explicitly but I have q q dot and if I had t if the Lagrange changed over time and I didn't put that in in my original IMP and if I set up my Lagrange only with q and q dot and there was something that I did not take into consideration for instance these electromagnetic interactions between these atoms of the surfaces I'm going to get the incorrect answer there's not going to be the force and acceleration that I predicted through Newton's laws because there is this hidden degrees of freedom I did not take into consideration if I didn't write my equation this equation properly more in a more expensive form to take into consideration all these things obviously then my equations and my outcomes of experiment are going to be different because they are hidden degrees of freedom that I did not and that is where we don't say energy changes to frictional energy or it escapes in heat this is hidden degrees of freedom that I do not take into consideration in my Lagrange's equation in setting up my Lagrange I should say so the beautifully the Lagrange's equation with a little bit of mathematics skipped over a few parts as far as the calculus of variations was concerned but not too difficult so for the first time now you know how to what Lagrange's equation is and I have to set up the Lagrange and it's basic for very basic physics it is this potential kinetic energy minus potential energy and I have Lagrange's equation here so in the next lot of videos we'll go to the Hamiltonian of the system this is the Lagrange and we're going to set up the Hamiltonian give you a sneak preview just to wait the appetite that the Hamiltonian is going to be nothing other than the total energy it's going to be t plus v so it's the only type of energy we're considering two forms of energy that you cannot you cannot make or destroy this type of energy so the Hamiltonian is going to be t plus v and we'll see the two equations here we just have one with setting up the Hamiltonian we're going to get two equations


At Audiology Associates at Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. With 40 years of being in the hearing care industry, you'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. Tickets are now on sale for the upcoming Canine Star stunt dog show at the Mountain Arts Center. The show will be taking place Saturday, February 3rd and features several world-class stunt dogs known for their high-flying acrobatics and numerous appearances on America's Got Talent. The family-friendly show will also contain some audience participation. The Canine Star stunt dog show, they gained a lot of notoriety on America's Got Talent. They toured the country and still touring the country and we just thought, you know, I'm always looking for something different for families and kids and groups and try to be diverse here at the Mountain Arts Center. And that came across my desk because I thought, you know, it's something neat to try and man, seeing the footage and the promo material and everything, and I went back and looked on America's Got Talent and this will be a really neat show, family-friendly show. I mean, some of these tricks are crazy. I mean, these dogs are jumping and flying and doing all this stuff. So really looking forward to something different here on the stage. And it's a Saturday afternoon, you know, three o'clock show, you know, get the family out and see some really cool dog tricks and great dogs and have a great time. A performance like this hasn't been done at the Mountain Arts Center until now. Event organizers are sure it will entertain all audiences. We have not had anything like this before at the Mountain Arts Center. We have had a variety in the past, but nothing that we could find or recall any kind of canine show stunt dogs, you know, animals and things like that. So like I said, it came across my desk and I thought it would be something neat to try and it's just really looking forward to it. We really try to be diverse here and this can add to that. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Nick Colum.


I'm an intuitive eater, veganism is healthy. All right guys, welcome back to the channel. If you're new, my name is Bobby Geis. Today we're gonna react to the vegan view. Why you might ask? No idea, they just did a taste test. Let's have a look. Hey guys, welcome back to another episode of the vegan view. So today we are coming at you with yet another Trader Joe's taste test. Let's start with this one, the vegan meatless meat eaters pizza. Vegan meatless meat eaters pizza. Yeah, well, that is a tongue twister, but absolutely rational and logical. If you are a vegan, which should imply vegetables, you are definitely seeking something that is meatless, but tastes exactly like meat. Yes. It's a fully loaded plant-based pizza with meatless pepperoni-style slices, meatless Italian sausage-style crumbles, meatless chorizo sausage-style crumbles, and vegan mozzarella shreds. Yes, all of those words create emotions within you, especially the meatless, I'm sure. Yes, oh my God. Yeah. That meat lovers was everything. Definitely. I love the sausage on pizza. Yeah, this is one of my favorites. Okay, oh, I'm so excited. I'm paroling. I'm super excited, me too. You didn't melt complete a toaster oven, so it may be different if you did it in a full oven. It's actually fantastic. It reminds me of my vegan days. I found a vegan cheese, and on the vegan cheese, it stated, this actually melts. Yes, this is how crappy vegan cheese is. It is just plant oil gunk. It is simply plastic. This is why they have to make sure that some of them actually do melt.  Those ladies, of course, want cheese. Cheers. Cheers. Okay, I would eat this every day. Yeah, eat the pepperoni. It's really good. It's convincing as well. Mm. The sausage tastes just like that. This is a really good frozen dough, too. Mm-hmm. So about the meat lovers, meatless pizza, all you have to say is that the dough is good. I'll rest my case. You don't have anything to say. Here goes you did it again. I think if you're new to being vegan and you're looking for something to replace that with, this is a great alternative. I always say, like, don't think in that mentality of, like, oh, I'm going to replace all my favorites. But I do think, like, there's certain things that are nostalgic. And if you really feel like you're craving, like, a meaty pizza, this is going to hit the spot for sure.   And then you're going to say, I'm an intuitive eater. Veganism is healthy.  Guys, you're completely delusional. You're completely delusional and brainwashed by social media. No human being that has no access to social media would ever come to the conclusion that it is a good idea to remove all the animal foods. No healthy, sane human being would ever come to the conclusion that it is a good idea to malnourish yourself. And no healthy, mentally adequate human being would ever come to the idea that it is a good idea to then replace those foods with processed gunk. Wow. I've been across, like, for a frozen pizza. The thing I would add is more meat. Yeah, because it's so good.  I feel like more pepperoni. At least, you're honest. Tony, at the toppings. They just need more sausage and more pepperoni. Sausage is good.  Okay, but I would probably... I feel like there's better vegan cheeses out there. So Trader Joe's just doesn't... They don't always, like, hit it with vegan cheese. No, man. Let's get one thing straight. Pizza is and was the ultimate peasant food. Every single time when the peasants didn't have enough animal foods because that's the only thing that was considered real food, then they would have pizza. They would make a base out of dough or of wheat, which they usually would avoid. And then they would stack it with what was left over. Some meat, a little bit of cheese, just to get by.  But pizza entered our culture. We grew accustomed to liking it. And now we get to the next level. Not only are we eating peasant food to begin with, but now we're gonna replace the last precious real food on the pizza with fake food as well. Bravo. You can see some people being like, oh, I don't like... It's honestly the way it looks. It tastes not melted, which is what you would expect. Imagine saying that about real food. Nobody ever would. Do it and it's not so bad. I think it is their mozzarella shreds, probably that they sell separately. So if you like those, then you'll definitely like it. That's bomb. I'm gonna give that a 9.5 out of 10, just leaving that 0.5 for, you know, a better cheese option. But everything else is so good. I wouldn't change a thing. I'm gonna give it... Yeah, just give it half a point minus because cheese isn't really important on a pizza, is it? The 8.75. I just want some more meat on there, but it's really delicious. And I will definitely be purchasing this for my freezer. Definitely. I think I would give it a 9 out of 10. You want some more meat on there, but still you're gonna buy it. Why? Where's the logic in that? Why don't you buy some meat if you want some meat? Same thing, more sausage, more pepperoni, maybe a different cheese that melts a little more, but I will... So maybe more meat and maybe real cheese. Definitely buy this again. Good job, Trader Joe. Yay, starting off strong. Yeah, great job. So these are the organic veggie bites and they're organic vegetables and sometimes it's cut off right there, so I can't see. I guess they're just veggie balls, veggie bites? Yeah, they're almost... So how does it matter if it is organic or not? It is just some parade vegetables and then batter it. This is kind of... This is veggies? Seriously? This is so adorable, though. I can't get angry. Those ladies simply do not know what they're doing to their bodies. The sunflower seeds were throwing me off a bit because they're adding like a different texture. Everything else is so mushy and then the sunflower seeds are kind of crunchy. I like it, but... They're gluten-free, so that's good. They are done. I feel like this is a good little healthy little snack. They kind of remind me of like tater tots, but with no potato, just a bunch of veggies and stuff. I wonder if this would be a good thing to give to kids because it's like tater veggies, but it tastes almost like a tater tot. Like you could literally dip this in ketchup and it would give you that same like tater tot vibe. Like definitely so much better than a tater tot because it's like, you cook these in the air fryer too and then there's, you know, you're not frying them. I think I was gonna say I wish it was like a little more flavorful, but I would dip this in ketchup or like hot sauce or something and I think that would add the flavor that I'm looking for. Or some spices. Definitely. You get like actual chunks of veggies. Like there's like full piece of broccoli in there. I like that a lot actually. Wow. I mean you give that like an eight and a half. Okay, so why is it good for kids? Why is it healthy? Why? Just because you've been told that certain vegetables are healthy for you. No matter how you get them in, right? Just get some broccoli and put into a capsule next time and swallow it because it is so, so healthy. Now you better this, you fry it air fryer or not. It doesn't matter. Essentially you're trying to hide the taste. Why do you try to hide the taste? Why do vegetables taste horrific to children? Could it be that those children simply do not know what is healthy and what not? Sure, first we need to indoctrinate those children. First we need to tell them what is healthy. They have no intuition.   Baby tigers, baby lions, baby monkeys in nature, they do not know what is good for them. Man, we are all born with an intuition and it's being destroyed by media. It's being destroyed by our society. This is why we end up like this. This is why you ladies believe some fried, parade mush of vegetables that you would never find anywhere else but in your supermarket is a healthy choice for children. Absolutely terrible. You can definitely buy these again and just like keep them on hand. It's hard to get in vegetables. So if you're like me and you have a hard time eating vegetables in, this has carrots, celery, onions, sweet potatoes.  All you eat is vegetables on some level or the other, only because you process it and package it doesn't make it meat.   Me as a meat eater, I love my food. I love it. I love ribs. I love burgers. I love steaks. I love tata. I love meat, raw or cooked or grilled. I love meat. It is delicious. I don't have to hide my meat. I love it.  So you take vegetables, excuse me, companies take vegetables and process them into gunk that you can then fry in order to enjoy your food. Wow. Cale, broccoli, tomatoes, brown rice flour, sunflower seeds, and then a few other seasonings. Oh, they're packed. Yeah. Packed. I feel like an ape. It's a little mushy. Maybe if that was a little more like crispy. Yeah. Yeah. On the inside too though. It's like a little too mushy. I think it's really great for kids. That's what you think. Why do you think that? You don't even like it. It's not for people who just need their veggies. For kids, I'll give it a 10 out of 10. Who are those people that just need their veggies? A 10. For me, I'll give it a seven and a half. Give it a minus 100. We all know what you're thinking. Seven and a half. Scrambled with soy chorizo. Got vegetables, chunky scrambled tofu, soy chorizo and vegan... It looks like a toy. Style shreds. On first look, there's like chunks of kale in here. Yeah. For like a frozen breakfast thing. Like I'm impressed. Smells really cheesy. It smells bomb. Why are you impressed? Again, you ladies. You have zero nutritional understanding. And listen, I'm not mad. I know that this is the state of our society. I can't expect that everybody understands nutrition. But what makes me mad? To an extent. It is that you guys have been brainwashed. That you guys are victims. And now you're creating more victims of your brainwashing. You have no idea what you talk about. Kale is absolutely toxic. So why are you happy that there is kale in your food? Why? You don't understand why. The only reason why you say this is because somebody told you on social media, in the TV, that kale is healthy. Not even goats nor sheep will go anywhere near kale. But it's absolutely toxic.  At first I was a little worried looking at it with the cheese on top. It looked a little plasticky, but it's actually super tasty. No, the cheese is good with it. The cheese is really good. Put a little hot sauce on there and a little salsa on there. Oh. Yeah. It doesn't even need it though. That's the thing. It's like so flavorful. And I'm really glad that they like definitely seasoned the tofu. You know, sometimes when you get a tofu scramble at like a restaurant and it's like, that's like their vegan option is a tofu scramble and you're like, cheese, like could they at least put like- Yeah, fantastic. But in the end, again, what are you trying to do? You essentially try to recreate scrambled eggs. That's all. Instead of eating free range, organic eggs, no, you cannot do that. You have to eat plastic food. You have to eat plastic chorizo, plastic soy slop tofu. For what? Why do you do this to yourself? All on it. Like it's like- A little pepper. There's no seasonings on it. And it's just like very bland. There's a proper amount of seasonings on it. Like when I make it at home, I put like cumin and paprika, like all the things. And you can tell that they had that in this. Normally- Yeah, you have to put all of this onto your food because it tastes terrible. For some stuff like this, I'm always wanting to add salt and pepper and anything saucy because it's super dry. But this is actually fine on its own. If you do runny eggs, they're not super dry. Yeah, it's really good. So good. 10 out of 10 for me. I was gonna say 10 out of 10. There's nothing I would do to make it better. I would definitely, definitely keep this in my freezer for like those mornings where you're running late and you know you need to eat something hearty. This will definitely fill you up and satisfy you. Eatin' half. Good job, Trey O'Jones. Just a side note. I'm not convinced that there are four vegans anyways, especially not that one here in the middle. Looks still too healthy. I assume they're simply show vegans. Apples and onions and, uh, it's really good. The cheese is just like my favorite part. Yeah. I mean, Trey O'Jones, why are we not selling that cheese? I was just gonna ask, do they have that cheddar like in a bag? Maybe they do. We just haven't seen it. Yeah, maybe. So good. So good. Another gluten-free option. So good. All right, guys. And this is it, way too long. I think I got my point across. It is always the same scenario. Years and years after quitting veganism, people still fall into this trap. It is mind boggling to see that those people are so removed from their food. When I was a vegan, I of course did it wrong as well, but at least I tried to eat whole foods. I was eating all kinds of whole grains, all kinds of beans, fruits, vegetables in their whole state, all of it because I considered myself a vegan that eats vegetables. But nowadays, all you see, they're starving for meat. They hate vegetables. They call themselves vegan because somebody told them it's the right thing to do. All right, guys, but this is it. If you liked the video, leave it a thumbs up. If you haven't subscribed already, guys, please do so. And if you want to support this channel, all the links are in the description box below. Thank you so much for your support. And as always, may God bless you all. Much love and peace.


A school will be coming to Ishelu Kingdom in Yogo State thanks to Senator Rocha's acoracha. A senator has pledged to establish a school in the border town for the less privileged and all fans are calling to a statement issued by the Eshelu of Ishelu Kingdom or by Ebenezer Akimi. The monarch is full of praise for acoracha whose foundation has offered no fewer than 25,000 free scholarships. Senator Akimi is the senator who represents Imu West and he is receiving the title of Otumba Asoludero of Ishelu Kingdom.


Welcome to this presentation on deeper learning with text-dependent analysis in the classroom. This webinar is going to focus specifically on multiple choice questioning using a passage which is assigned to the student to read and perform the analysis. This particular presentation or webinar is focusing on the a-quest tenets of assessments and educator effectiveness. And we have the learning goals today of reviewing what constitute text-dependent and learning some strategies to strengthen student skills in text-dependent activities. Plus we want to make sure that we understand the basic principles of text-dependent analysis in consideration with multiple choice short answer and full length writings or essays. So the first question we're going to explore in this webinar is why text-dependent questions? Well, text-dependent questions make the visible learning more in front of us. That's because we have to have the readers go into the text, not out of the text, which causes them to increase their concentration on what they're reading, deepen their comprehension, and ultimately stimulate the cognitive functions of their brain in consideration of the passage or passages which they're reading. We always want to promote deeper thinking and critical examination anytime we're reading, listening, or discussing. So working and developing these skills through text-dependent questioning is very important. So as a teacher, I suppose you're asking yourself, why does this matter to me? Well, we have these specific goals for text dependency and close reading and text-dependent analysis. In the moment right now, right at this very moment, we want to get a deeper comprehension of the passage. We want to have an understanding of the structure of the modes of the types of passages that the students are reading. And we want deeper writing in response to that passage. We want more than just surface answers. We actually want the students to go back into the writing rather than call upon anything out of the writing, which may be from their prior knowledge or their prior experiences. We want them to learn the skills on how to approach text. Plus, the 2014 Nebraska English Language Arts College and Career-Ready Standards call for us to be able to have our students respond to text-dependent items, be considerate and employ close reading techniques, and to also be able to respond in various text-dependent analysis formats. So what does this mean for us in the future? Well, it means that then the students will be interacting with the text to create that deeper understanding. And also, our students will be able to respond with confidence to the comprehension items on the Nebraska State Assessment, or any assessment that they take, which requires them to be able to perform any kind of a text-dependent analysis activity. So let's first look at some examples and some non-examples of text-dependent items. Now, on the left side of the screen, you're going to see two items which are not text-dependent items. And on the right side of the screen, there are text-dependent analysis items. Let me talk to you about the difference of them. So when we look at the first item, it asks the student to give three examples of how animals sleep in different ways. It's very much on the surface, and it might be something that students either learned in the instruction, or it might be something that they have learned from their prior knowledge, such as reading it, experiencing it, or observing it. But when you look at the text-dependent item on the right side of the screen, let me read that to you. Both passages tell about ways that different animals sleep in the wild. Explain why animals sleep in different ways. Write a well-organized response using specific evidence from both passages to support your answer. Now, when we look at this, we already know that the students are going to read two passages. And that in these two passages, they tell them about different ways that animals sleep in the wild. The key note here is in the second sentence as to what the task of the student actually is. It asks them to explain why animals sleep in different ways. Explain is the key word here. So we'll talk more about explain a little bit later, but explain means that they have to talk about the commonalities, they have to talk about the differences, they have to talk about all different types of it. They have to explain. They have to talk about the parts and how it works together. And then it asks them to write a well-organized response. Whereas the example on the left just says, give three examples. And those may be three words or three simple phrases. But this asks them to formally put it into a format which explains evidence from both passages, which supports their answers. So they have to go back into the text in order to be able to withdraw the answers that support their response. So let's look at the second example. Identify the literary devices the author uses in this story. Provide evidence from the story in your response. And then let's read the text-dependent analysis example. Mood is the feeling or emotion that a reader experiences from a poem or story. Explain how the poet's word choice helps create mood throughout the poem. Write a well-organized response using specific evidence from the poem to support your answer. Now the example on the left, it's not TDA, really again here it just says identify the literary devices. So that calls for a listing or a one, two, or three word answer. And provide evidence from the story in your response would again just says that it's a listing. Because the example on the right side says explain how the poet's word choice helps create mood throughout the poem. There's that word explain again. So they're going to have to talk about the various parts and pull those parts apart in order to best identify or demonstrate how the poet's word choice helps create the mode throughout the poem. And also they have to provide that evidence because it asks them to write a well-organized response using specific evidence from the poem to support your answer. So you see that on the right the answer to either one of these text-dependent analysis items requires the student to dig deeper and to be more conscious, more forth-giving, more extended answer, or even a short answer or an extended answer to answer the task that the text-dependent analysis item asks. Whereas on the left it merely asks for a listing or a one or two or three word answer, perhaps a phrase. So the right is formal, more formal, the left is very, very independent. The right forces you to have to go back into the text and the left presents you with the idea that it can be from either your learning in the class or it can be from your prior knowledge or your experiences. Let's move on. Here I have some examples again. The three examples that you see circled are text-dependent items. Let's look at the first one and it says, in the Gettysburg address, Lincoln says, the nation is dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Why is equality an important value to promote? Now what type of a response does this particular item solicit? If you look at the question or the item, the last sentence starts with the word why. Why always starts an opinion or other defense type of why is equality response? When we look over here at the text-dependent item on the right, it's just the Gettysburg address mentions the year 1776. According to Lincoln's speech, why is this year a significant to the events described in the speech? Now there's a difference here. This does ask why also, but when we look at this why, it causes that they have to go into the significant events described in the speech. So that takes them back into the passage, back into the Gettysburg address, rather than on the left, it asks them only why is equality an important value to promote? It gives more of an opinion type of thing, whereas when we're looking here, it asks you to go in and identify and support those significant events. Let's look at the center ones. It said what were the major goals of the United Nations is outlined in the UN preamble. Here again, this is not text-dependent. The goals could be something that you've either learned or something that you can go back and you can just list them. And you don't have to have any kind of specific support for those. But if you looked at the circled one on the right side, if you'd been on the UN committee with Eleanor Roosevelt, what goals would you have included in the UN preamble? In other words, that costs you to go back into the preamble of the UN and actually look at what is there already and what would you have added. So it's asking you to look at the present document and then what would you add to that document. So you have to have that back into the text. You have to go into the text, not out of the text. And the last one here is a letter from Birmingham Jail. Dr. King discusses nonviolent protest. Discuss and writing on time when you wanted to fight against something that you felt was unfair. Now, this is text-dependent because you have to have read a letter from Birmingham Jail in order to know what he discussed. And then there was what ideas did he put forward? Because once you know what his ideas are and you know what your ideas are, you can either support or deny what he has. When you get to the non-example on the right side of the page is what can you infer from King's letter about the letter that he received? You know, when you do an inference, an inference is your best guess. And when you have just your best guess, you don't always have the documentation or the direct analysis of what happened in what Dr. King's letter actually said. So this again on the right side only asks for your opinion. So we've talked just a little bit about what a text-dependent item is or is not. And I think we're going to move on here and see where we're going into text-dependent analysis because we're going to take a little bit deeper right now. We're going to look specifically at multiple choice items. Multiple choice items can be generated from any kind of informational or other genre of passage or passages. There are some tips that you need to share with your students, especially when you're doing guided practice or practice, which actually helps them to have better success at answering text-dependent multiple choice items. Tip number one is read the questions before reading the passage or infographic. Read the questions before reading the passage or infographic. Then number two is read the passage or examine the infographic carefully, underline key words, and sometimes here I like to add ideas. Then number three, try to answer questions before reading the options. In other words, you've read the questions but don't read the options. So read the questions, read the passage, try to answer the questions before reading the options, and then read the answer options. You need to know that it's important here that you immediately eliminate answers you know are incorrect. And then the number five would be to choose the best remaining answer. Now this success model works very well when the student has access to go back and look at the passage again when answering the items that are written for them in multiple choice. Sometimes in a testing situation it doesn't allow you to go back into the passage. So that's why it's very important that you use these tips for success anytime you are doing either guided practice with your students or they're doing personal practice. The more they practice this, the deeper readers they are, the more close reading they actually do in order to be able to answer items in which a multiple choice or another genre type of question they can better recall the information that they need in order to choose the best answer or compose the best answer. Today we're going to use a passage called Adventurous Storyteller and you can see here on the page that I have a link here to the actual document. I'm going to take you out here to this just to show you what this document looks like. This particular passage starts off with a narrative or with just a regular informational passage and then it progresses on through to where we actually see an infographic of the events of Jack London's life. So then here we have another format and then finally we actually have an excerpt from The Call of the Wild. So that's very important there and it goes on to the next page. So we want to make sure and we want to teach our students that when they are reading the passage that they read the complete passage. If there's one passage that goes with it with the item where they read just the one passage but make sure that if there are multiple pages or multiple formats such as informational and an infographic or a narrative or anything make sure that your students read all of that. Let's go back to our PowerPoint here and we notice that we have our passage and now remember that in our Tips for Success the first thing it told us to do in the model was to read all of the multiple choice items. So item number one is which evidence from Adventurous Storyteller best supports the idea that London was a very determined to be a writer. And number the second multiple choice item is which idea from Adventurous Storyteller is supported by the timeline and then the third multiple choice item is this question has two parts. Answer part A and then answer part B. Part A, read the sentence from Adventurous Storyteller. He once said I would rather be a superb meteor every atom of me in magnificent glow than a sleepy and permanent planet. What does this sentence mean? Part B select two details from the passage that support the answer in part A. Select two. So those are the three items with item three having two parts that the students will have to answer. So let's we've done step one. We've read the questions. Now remember step two would be for us to go back and read the text that what we just read the passages which I just shared with you earlier. Then we come back and we look at the question and the multiple choice items. Now the question again or the item was which evidence from Adventurous Storyteller best supports the idea that London was very determined to be a writer. Answer A is London wrote stories about working people and the hard times they had making a living. B, his goal was to write at least 1000 words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. C, he was the best selling and highest paid author of his day. Many people also consider him to be the best writer. D, readers can enjoy Jack London's energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open up one of his novels. So the next step on determining the best possible text dependent answer for this multiple choice item is to eliminate those which can't possibly be a part of it. Item D is one that cannot be a part of it. See which evidence supports the idea he was very determined to become a writer. If D isn't one, I wouldn't think C would be one. So A and B, I have to choose from them, best supports the idea that London was very determined to be a writer. I'm going to select item B because his goal was to write at least 1000 words every day and he refused to stop even when he was sick. Well, if I go back into the reading and I find in paragraphs 5 and 6, I actually find this highlighted sentence. His goal was to write at least 1000 words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. Oh, that kind of supports my thinking. So when I look at this and there are my four items, yes, B is the correct answer. His goal was to write at least 1000 words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. So now I have gone back into my reading and actually found the support from the item that I chose, which was item B. Which is the correct answer. Okay, now let's look at item 2. Now, let's reread the item which says which idea from Adventurous Storyteller is supported by the timeline. Now remember that the timeline was the infographic in our passages. So let's read our three or four options rather. London educated himself before coming a writer. London's writing career developed after his Gold Rush experience. London was an American writer of Adventure Tales throughout his entire life. London's famous stories were written about his time in Alaska. Now, the item again is which idea from Adventurous Storyteller is supported by the timeline. Now, supported by the timeline. So let's look at the timeline. So when he was born, when he bought a boat and learned to sail, when he takes part in the Klondike Gold Rush, when he gets magazine's assignments, he publishes, he publishes, and then he purchases a ranch. Which idea from Adventurous Storyteller is supported by the timeline? Well, let's see. This one. He gets magazine's assignments from Overland Monthly and Atlantic Monthly. Because if we go back to the questions, London's writing career developed after his Gold Rush experience. It can't possibly be that London was an American writer. It's true, but it's not supported by the timeline. And D is not supported by the timeline. And A is not supported by the timeline. So it has to be the answer B. Okay. Yes. Yes. That's correct. He's writing career developed after his Gold Rush experience. Very good. Very good. All right. Let's go on. All right. This is that two-part question. And it's a little bit different for us to approach this question. So let's read. It says to answer part A and then part B. Part A, let's remind ourselves about the question. It says, read the sentence from Adventurous Storyteller. He once said, I would rather be a superb meteor every atom of me in magnificent glow than a sleepy and permanent planet. What does that sentence mean? So, okay. So we've read that. And we go back and we think about or go back into the text and we find that quote again. And then let's look at our possible answers. A, London preferred to live a life of excitement instead of a plain, safe one. B, London preferred to write fantasy stories instead of realistic and believable ones. C, London preferred to have life of fame instead of a simple, normal one. Or D, London preferred to think about far places instead of nearby, familiar ones. Hmm. Well, I don't think it's item B because he wrote other things. Because remember he wrote those magazine articles for those two publications. And London lived a very unobscure life. He really didn't, he didn't mind that he was famous, but he didn't, he couldn't say that he preferred it. And it wasn't the fact that he preferred to think about far away places. It's just that he wrote about the places that he went to and the experiences that he had. So my answer after eliminating the ones that are not possible is answer A. Let's see how I did. Okay. Well, let's see. It wants me to actually go on to my answer B because remember I said it was A. Select two details from the passage. It supports the answer, my answer in part A. London grew up near the waterfront. London spent many hours reading at the library in Oakland, California. London left Berkeley because he wanted a lively, or lifestyle. London worked in a wide variety of jobs from a sailor to a gold prospector. Well, let's go back into the reading and find those things. This is where he said he spent many hours in the library at Oakland. And then it says he wrote stories about working people and hard times they had making a living. He knew those problems firsthand. And then he worked as a sailor, rancher, so on and so on and so forth, just to name a few of his many jobs. So he had a lot of different kinds of jobs. So I said A. And in part A, he preferred a life of excitement instead of a plain and safe one. That was my selection. Now I had to find those two things that supported it. It doesn't tell me anything about the fact that he grew up near a waterfront. And it doesn't really say that he left Berkeley because he wanted a livelier lifestyle. It does talk specifically about being in the library at Oakland. And it does specifically talk about that he had a wide variety of jobs. So I'm going to select B and D after looking back into the text as my answers for part B. Whoa, I was wrong. I was right about D, but he left Berkeley because he wanted a livelier work style. Lifestyle. Wow. Is that two things that support my answer A? Huh, I'm going to go back and I'm going to look. London preferred a life of excitement instead of a safe and plain one. All right, so then these two answers do make sense to me. And I could correct my answers if I go back and he wanted a livelier. Ah, see, classic case, going back and looking and does my answer make sense? All right. So these were the tips for success that I used in answering multiple choice items. Those three items using the passage adventure a storyteller. And remember that you read the question before reading the passage or the infographic. And then you read the passage or the infographic carefully underlining or highlighting any information you deem to be especially important or key. Try to answer the questions before reading the options and read the answer options and eliminate answers you know are incorrect. And then the last task you have is to choose the best remaining answer. I want to thank you for being a part of this webinar. And I especially am excited to have presented this to you. If you go back into the description of this webinar you will find a link to all the resources which accompany this webinar. Thank you for joining me and I look forward to talking with you again.