The Cube at EMC World 2014 is brought to you by EMC. Redefine VCE. Innovating the world's first converged infrastructure solution for private cloud computing. Brocade. Say goodbye to the status quo and hello to Brocade. Welcome back to Las Vegas. This is Dave Vellante with Stu Miniman. Fred Kahoot is here. The always interesting Fred Kahoot. He's vice president of global partner marketing at EMC. Fred, great to see you on the Cube. Thank you. Thanks for having me back. So you're welcome. So another EMC world, it just keeps getting bigger and better. And a big part of EMC world is the partner program. We were talking off camera last year. I hosted a panel at the partner program and it's big room, a lot of partners, a lot of action. People want to do business. People want to do business with EMC. You guys are very supportive from a partner standpoint. But so why don't we start with the partner program? What's it all about? What are the objectives and what's new? So as of this year, everything is new. That's what we announced just yesterday at the start of the Global Partner Summit. So we have rolled out a brand new partner program. It's called the EMC Business Partner Program. It goes live in January of 2015. So we're letting all of our partners know this week what's changed, how the partner program is architected differently, right? So they have time to skill up, get oriented and get ready to go next year. So we have completely retooled this program from the bottom up. So what has changed? You know, we haven't done this kind of re-architecture for more than a decade around the program. And that tends to lead to the question like, well, why now, right? And I think the why now is everything you've been hearing from the other EMC leadership is that with that transformation underway in the industry today, we have got to re-architect how we engage with partners. So this program is built around three core principles. Flexibility and choice, solutions and services, and that notion of embracing so that they can drive with us the transformation underway in the platform, that second to third platform, right? And we have really thought about it about the fact that we need to have an ecosystem of partners that can work across all aspects of the industry. That's number one. So we're out to build an ecosystem of partners. Number two is partner business models are changing. You know, that notion of a VAR was in a really tight swim lane and a system integrator was in a really tight swim lane and never should the two meet, right? Those lines are gone. And you have partners that are in multiple business models today. And as a result, you've got to architect a program that provides that degree of flexibility so they can make a choice on where they want to go and how they want to invest. So Fred, if I think about the last 10 years, we didn't converge infrastructure 10 years ago. I mean, I think about like blade servers or about that old, but V specs and V block, EMC's now utilizing the V cloud hybrid service. And as you said, service providers are much bigger piece. So can you unpack for us a little bit, you know, how some of these technology changes and some of the offerings from EMC helped influence your new business partner program? That is a great question. So I would come at it in a couple angles. First of all, we, about three years ago, we started to carve out parts of the product line that were partner owned. So we started to do a segmentation by product or by technology, which led us to V specs, by the way, which the partner community had come to us and said, hey, we want you to do this. Can you help us with this? We not only did it, we made it partner only and that product line has taken off like a rocket. So that's one aspect where we've taken parts of the product line and carved them out for partners and that's influenced how we work with partners. The other aspect is with the consumption models changing around cloud and cloud services, the engagement with a cloud service provider needs to be more about the go to market with them, not necessarily the transactional handshake that you have with a var or a distribution oriented partner. And so that is where we're really focused with cloud service providers. And then if you look at outsourcers or system integrators, the angle here is solutions and building solutions with them. So you ask how are technology changing our engagement? Well, we start at the product level, right? Then we go to the consumption level and now we're talking about solutions. And so all of those things together, we had to comprehend how we build that into a go to market motion with our partners. So Fred, can we unpack these core principles to get flexibility and choice, solutions and services and enabling transformation? That's right. So let's start with flexibility and choice. What does that mean and what are you looking for over there from partners? Super simple. The notion here is if you invest broadly with EMC, if you're in multiple partner types or multiple business models, if you're a var and a cloud service provider and a system integrator, how do we make that engagement more rewarding for you? How do we make it easier for you? So first principle, pick the track that you'd like. That's number one. We're not going to handcuff you. We're not going to make you go into one track versus another. Pick the tracks that work for you. Once you do that, if you go broad in your investment, up and through, including RSA Secure World, then we're going to make it more beneficial for you. So we've done things like we now let you share your marketing funds across different tracks. We now let you get credit for training, taking in one track for a certification in another track. So we're taking our first steps toward flexibility and choice in that respect. Okay, so the quid pro quo is if you want to swim in multiple lanes, that's cool with us, but you got to have a broad portfolio perspective, right? Is that fair? That's right, that's right. And you mentioned RSA. Is it the services and products that you're providing cut across the federation? So let's go up that federation stack. So we talked about broad. RSA has a partner program. There'll be partners that are resellers in RSA, right? Now let's go up the stack and talk about the federation. So we've applied the same principle there. If you're a partner and you're in EMC's partner program and VMware's partner program and in the RSA program, well, the first thing we're going to do is those EVP solutions that we build, we're going to expose those or give you access to those on a selective basis, okay? Okay. And based on that, we're then going to offer you richer rewards or richer financial benefits when you take those solutions to market.  So we've built the links and sort of benefits up the stack into the federation. So that federation obviously is a new component. You really didn't have that to worry about in the last decade. Didn't have it before. Okay, now let's talk about solutions and services. What is that all about? So previously our engagement with partners was totally around products. So our tiers and the reseller program, we're all about competencies around different types of products. All of that is gone. And it's now going to be built around solutions. So entry level tier has 15 different foundational technology tracks. The next level up, gold, is all about solutions and solutions selling and solution enablement. We're going to take all of the EMC architect solutions that Bill Rafferty's team is building. They're going to be embedded in that program. And then a layer up from there on the Platinum tier, it's all the EVP or federation solutions. Okay, and that sort of plays into the third one, embracing transformation. You don't want to be out just working with box sellers, right? You're transforming into solutions and so embracing transformation. I infer from that, you're looking for people that are of like mind, they want to get people into what you guys call the third platform, but talk a little bit more about what embracing transformation is all about. You know, that's a great point and there are a few other dimensions to look at too. So look, in this context of second and third platform, there are partners that are already leaders in the third platform. It depends upon their business model, cloud service providers, right? But the rub is, how do you get the ecosystem of partners to have a fluid relationship across those two marketplaces? And so we're doing things like the CloudConnect program. So a service provider that is building a business based on EMC infrastructure can now work with our reseller community to expand their scale and reach out to the marketplace. We make it beneficial for them. We make it beneficial for the reseller who may not want to invest to become a cloud service provider to now refer or resell those cloud service provider offerings. In fact, we allow the reseller to retire their quota based on what they resell of the cloud service provider's offerings. So we're really trying to make this a more fluid engagement. Yeah, so Fred, you know, I wonder if then you're going to build a cloud catalog. When you think about Amazon, they've got the Amazon marketplace, which is quite well to be able to allow not only as Amazon ad services, but all of their partners do that. How does EMC do something like that? Did you look at our strategy book? Actually, you're headed in absolutely the right direction. I think it's going to take us a while to get there. So step one is just get everybody under a common framework, under a common sort of brand, and go to market motion, recognize their differences, get this flexibility and choice in the end. Yeah, we should have that catalog of services out there. What's the feedback then from the partners this week? So, you know, we've had a number of one-on-one engagements. We're not done yet. We have more to go. In fact, starting shortly, we have our theater breakouts. There'll be some more feedback on those. And then we have a deep dive on the partner program later this afternoon. But so far in our one-on-ones, the partners are loving the flexibility and choice. They're loving the orientation towards services and solutions based on, they see the idea, they see the notion rather of a richer engagement in the marketplace. They love the predictability on the resale side. So today, they start earning from dollar one. It's an all-in goal, meaning if you sell a solution with EMC product software and services, we'll retire your goal against that. So feedback so far, you guys have nailed it. So can I, if I'm a partner, can I white label your services? Yes, okay. The answer is yes. And not only that, we are going to, for the first time ever, because as you talk about going up that stack and you get into those EVP oriented or more complex solutions, we are going to start making available to our partners the tools, methodologies, and consulting services that we have not previously. This will be the first time ever. And if I want to use my own services as a partner, how do you ensure consistency across the globe? So there are ways we're going to do that through number one. Partners can obviously engage and sell their services today, right? As we go through these new offerings that we're going to have, we'll have them get enabled and skilled up on that and certified. And that'll drive a level of consistency back into what they do as well. Fred, there's been a lot of change in the channel, we've gotten to dig in with some of your business partners. Some companies like Ingramico, who traditionally was a distributor and now some real value added services, Avnet, who builds things. The service providers, of course, are a brand new channel in many ways for what they are.   So there are a couple of things that strike me. Number one is that notion of those business models, the lines between them changing. Partners today have got to be flexible enough to play in multiple spots. That's my take number one. Take number two is it's all about the selling motion, right? You're either going to sell with, sell through or sell out. And what you want from a relationship with your vendor is someone who can comprehend that and architect to go to market with you. I think where they're going to head in the future in terms of making money is all about solutions and services-led engagements. Fred, thanks a lot for coming to theCUBE. We'll give you the last word. So what's the bumper sticker at EMC World? The truck's pulling away, you know, from Las Vegas. What's the, what's the, from a, from a BPP perspective? A business partner program perspective. What's the bumper sticker say? Simple, predictable, and profitable. Awesome. Had the profits, right? It's all about at the end of the day. The partners want to make money. That's right. All right Fred, thanks very much for coming to theCUBE. It was great. Good luck with the program and you guys have really transformed the way in which you partner. You know, EMC has not always been perceived as a partner-friendly company over the last five to seven years. You guys have really put a lot of emphasis and investment in that. I think I'm a leader in that business. We'd like to think with this new release. All right, well thanks again and keep right there, everybody. We'll be right back with our next guest. This is theCUBE. We're live from Las Vegas, EMC World 2014. We'll be right back.


How to make skeleton leaves. Skeleton leaves are beautiful, delicate, lacy leaves used for scrapbooking, de coupage, and other crafts. They can be expensive to buy, but they are surprisingly easy to make. Not only can you save lots of money by making them at home, but you can also customize them by bleaching or dyeing them. Best of all, you can choose your own leaf shape and size. Using washing soda. Place the leaves you want to use into a saucepan. However many leaves you choose to use is up to you, but avoid overcrowding the pot. You want to create an even layer across the bottom of the pot, at most. The best type of leaves to work with have a waxy, glossy surface, like magnolia or gardenia leaves. Cover the leaves with washing soda and water. You will need ½ to ¾ cups – 70 to 105 grams – of washing soda and 4 cups – 950 milliliters – of water. Give the solution a gentle stir to combine it. Do not use baking soda, it is not the same thing. 3. Washing soda is also called �sodium carbonate�. You can find it in the laundry section of grocery stores and supermarkets. 4. Cook the leaves until they soften. Bring the water to a boil over medium to medium-high heat first, then reduce it to a simmer. Cook the leaves until they turn soft. This will take about 90 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the type of leaf you are using. The water will evaporate as you simmer it. Add more water to the pot as needed so that the leaves don't dry out. 6. Remove the leaves from the water. Put on a pair of plastic or rubber gloves first. Next, use a pair of tongs or a spatula to remove the leaves from the water. Set the leaves onto a paper towel and gently brush the leaf pulp away. Hold the leaves by the stem with tweezers, and use a paintbrush or a soft toothbrush to gently brush the pulp away. Turn the leaf over, and scrape the other side clean too. It would be even better if you work while the leaves are under cool to room temperature water. Be very gentle during this step.The leaves will be fragile. 10. Rinse the leaves in fresh water once more. The leaves will be very delicate at this stage, so be gentle with them. Fill a tub with cool to room temperature water, then place the leaves in the water. Gently swish the leaves around, if needed. If the leaves still have residue clinging to them, change the water and repeat this step. Do not rinse the leaves under running water, the force of the stream will damage them. Allow the leaves to dry. Place the leaves between two paper towels, then stack heavy books on top. The paper towels will help absorb the excess moisture while the books will help make the leaves dry flat. If you don't do this, the leaves may warp and curl. If you want curled or warped natural leaves, allow them to dry on a sheet of paper towel without anything on top. Since they won't have anything weighing them down, the leaves will warp naturally as they dry.


and also known as the study circle, Mr. Sishwan Shon advocate to introduce the speaker and then we will request Mr. Devdas to, Dr. Devdas to take things forward on the post-bottom report. And before requesting Mr. Sishwan, we will request all to wear the mask, maintain social distancing and keep on vaccinating yourself. Order you Mr. Sishwan. Thank you. Good evening friends. Welcome you all. Yes. This is Sivashan Mugam, one of the organizers of the next study circle of Matasai Court. We welcome you all and we are happy to collaborate with the Beyond Law CLC. The importance of the post-bottom report and the major role it plays in the criminal trial needs no new fresh explanation and we have with us Dr. P.K. Devdas, former dean and director of Bangalore Medical College and visiting faculty of Karnataka Judicial Academy with this vast experience and this thorough knowledge in the forensic science. He will be in a better position to grow better light on this, I can call it as an obscure field and to enlighten us. With this short introduction, I request Dr. P.K. Devdas to come and set us. Thank you sir. Hello friends. Good evening. I'm from Bangalore and I'm going to speak about the post-bottom report in criminal trials. First and foremost, we will try to know what is this post-bottom and what does it mean to be? Can I? Image is gone. Can you hear me? Hello? We are able to see you all and also hear you. Okay. Okay. Post-bottom as such, it is very clear post means doctor. Mortar means dad. It is a latching word. A minute. Somebody has written, can I record the session? For all the friends, we are live on the YouTube as well as Facebook. And if you subscribe to our channel, you will get this session. Also, plus the other sessions. Over to you sir. Post-bottom as such, it is very clear. Post means doctor. Mortar means dad. It's a latching word. There is another word in Greek. It's called autopsy. Autopsy means autumn means self. Opsy means safer oneself. And this is a Greek word. And this autopsy or post-bottom is of two types. One is medical legal autopsy. Other one is clinical autopsy. Clinical autopsy is mainly done by doctors to find out why the person has died. What is the disease? How far it has extended? What could be the reason for him to die due to disease? And here, this clinical autopsy, it is only for diagnosis, diagnostic purpose, and the consent of the relatives we take in. And it's a limited one. One is small post-border. Body will be cut open, especially which area is of interest. For example, if they want to know what is the reason, there was some signs of disease of brain. And they'll cut only the brain part. Whereas medical legal autopsy is done in all unnatural deaths. And it is complete. And there's no need for getting the consent from the relatives because the state authorizes for medical legal process. And this, who can conduct the post-bottom examination? Only the registered medical practitioner can conduct post-bottom examination, not all the doctors. Only allopathic doctor who have done MBBS. Minimum qualification is MBBS. Some doctors who have got qualification between forensic medicine also can do. And they are much better than ordinary MBBS doctors, forensic medicine. Forensic medicine is a specialized branch in medical education where, after MBBS, it is a three-year course, they learn about the legal medicine. That is, what all the medical issues which is related to the law, they will study in forensic medicine. It's equal to any other MBBS master degree. And what is the purpose of doing post-bottom examination? Later we come to the post-bottom report little later. Purpose of conducting post-bottom examination is to know the identity of the person first, the foremost. Second is, when exactly the person would have died, that is time since death, third is cause of death, fourth is nature of death. These four ingredients should be there in the post-bottom. And if there is any other points or findings if the doctor comes to know, that also he can incorporate in the post-bottom report. But basically every post-bottom report should have these four ingredients, establishing the identity of the dead person. And two or opinion regarding time since death and what is the cause of death and what is the nature of death. These four is a must. And where, what is, what exactly is the post-bottom? Post-bottom, medical little cases it should be thorough examination both external as well as internal. External means right from the corpse worn by the person to the skin and any deformities, disease, stains and injury on the body. Everything on the body and as well as everything in the body should be examined, noted and the reports should be different. This is, there are main main three cavities in our body that is skull cavity, chest cavity and abdomen cavity.  And to examine the chest and abdomen a single incision from chin to the pubis, pubis means area just above the genital organ should be cut and the body should be open and each and every part in the chest and abdomen should be examined thoroughly. This is about the three cavities and it's a must. But sometimes what happens to a person it's not needed or it's not possible to open certain cavities that I will come to a case like Supreme Court, there is a case of suffering versus union of India. There was a dispute, the skull was not open, the disease of the person you must be knowing what was the disease person and the court gave the verdict. In spite of the skull cavity was not open, the verdict was given and the person was convicted and he was and they were right. So, all the three cavities should be open. What are the exceptional cases where postmortem, medical legal postmortem or unnatural death postmortem is deferred. For example, in case of a disaster natural disaster tsunami where number of people died and in that case deputy commissioner that is the head of the district, district magistrate can authorize for disposal of the body without conducting very rare cases exceptional exceptional cases. If they are also they will note down the identity of the person and they may not have opened the body and they will give a certificate that so also in this identification law and they are right. This is exception in case of postmortem. Now, who long the postmortem should be conducted? Is the time limit? Is it for one hour? Is it for two hours? It depends upon the type of case. If the case needs two, three hours or more, the doctor can take that many hours and conduct the examination meticulously and take down all the points and deport it. But as it usually most of the doctors they take about one to two hours to completely examine the dead body, the external and internal draft. Now, what is this identity? Before that we will try to know what are the ingredients of the postmortem. Whether this postmortem report is a prescribed format, is in prescribed format or government has prescribed, this is the way you have to write the postmortem report. Postmortem report is not a prescribed word. It can be written as the doctor feels, but it should have grossly three parts in the postmortem. It need not have columns and other things but three parts. It contains mainly three portions. One is preamble, second is body, third is opinion. These three should be there in every postmortem. What is this preamble? Preamble means it is the information given by the investigating officer against the police officer. He may give the name of the person, approximate age of the person. If he knows the sex of the person, he can give the sex of the person from where the body has been brought and who has sent the body for these details of this information falls into the preamble. The body of the postmortem is the main portion of the postmortem. It contains general description of the dead person, external descriptions. That is what clothi was possibly there. And color of the clothes, type of the clothes, whether the clothes are stained with blood, mud or the form intact, everything should be written in that body of the person. Then when the body, when the body, dead body is examined, we have to write certain points which can help us in identifying the person. For example, you have to write the body is not from male. It is identity. And complexion of the person, a brown and complex, dark and complex, very complex. Approximate height, measurement of the body and weight of the person. And sex. These are the general descriptions of the dead person in the body of the person. Apart from this, we can also write certain deformities, defects which we find on the dead body. Devdas sir, sorry to bother you, could you just slightly come closer to the mobile because a lot of people are saying the voice is not that clear. Can you work it? Could you just slightly come closer to the mic or that is to the mobile so that people can hear it much better. They are saying. This is the closest I can see. This is the close. Unfortunately, my last desktop as a problem. No issues. Now, can you hear me now? Not much better. Other than the clothes and the complexion, sex of the person, height of the person, weight of the person and any other defects for us. For example, if the person is having only one limb, that is a good identification mark. If he has got moles, scars and those also can be written in the post-mortar reports. Having this scar, this big scar, this elevated scar, the deep scar. I am measuring so many centimeters and it is there on the chest, somewhere wherever it is there. So, these points will help to confirm that that person is so and so. After that, in the body of the post-mortar report itself, there are certain other findings as to be written. For example, most of you must have heard in the court or you must have read in the post-mortar report saying that a rigor mark is post-mortar staining, cooling of the body. How long this thing is written? What does this mean? What is rigor mark? What is the cooling of the body? What is post-mortar staining? These are the changes. These are changes which take place after death. Like, for example, if a person dies, the body slowly becomes stiff. This is called rigor mark. It starts about 2 to 3 hours after death and it takes about 12 hours to completely become stiff. This is first 12 hours. The body becomes stiff. Next 12 hours, it stays in the same position. The whole body will be stiff. The third 12 hours, the stiffness slowly becomes loose, which we call breaking of the rigor mark. This stiffening of the body after death depends upon so many factors, the weather conditions, where exactly the person was found, whether inside the room, whether the AC was there, whether fans were on, whether the body was directly under the sunlight. All these things can help us to find out whether the rigor mark is exactly the person's diet. Rigor mark is among rigor mark is cooling of the body, post-mortar staining, decomposition, that is called decay. All these 4 or 5 can give clue when exactly the person is dead. That is time since death.  I don't want to go into detail because I have a limited time here. Post-mortar staining is when we are alive, the blood is always in motion, circulating and once the heart stops, the blood starts settling due to gravity. It starts settling at the bottom most part of the body. For example, if the person is lying on the back, dead body is kept lying on a back surface. If the face is facing the sky or roof, then the post-mortar staining or the blood settling in the body will be on the back of the body.  Wherever the blood vessel is compressed because of the weight of the body, those areas, the blood will not penetrate and those areas will not find staining. This post-mortar staining also takes about 1 to 2 hours to form. Initially it will be in patches, red color in patches and then it becomes uniformly discolored. Usually dark in color, reddish in color and it is dark red or bluish in color. Depending upon the color of the blood. This up to 6 hours, this patches will form on the back of the body and if you find in patches, we can say the person is dead before 6 hours. So, whole dependent part is discolored, we can say the person is as died more than 6 hours. This is also which we will give a clue regarding the time since death. Again, post-mortar staining also will give the position of the body at the time of death. For example, in case of hanging, the post-mortar staining will be the lower limbs and forearms because of the gravity, the blood starts settling the legs and forearms. Rarely the post-mortar staining will not be there if the body is not allowed to stay in one position. It may sound funny, how can a body will be more gone moving? This can happen if the body is found in a river then because of the stream flow of water, the body also will roll and roll and roll. There is no time for the blood to settle in that and due to gravity. Those times, we may not find post-mortar staining. Or even if the post-mortar staining is there, people like me, dark complexion, it will not be that prominent, comfortable, safe complexion. With their complexion, it will be easily visible from this. Sometimes people also mistake this post-mortar staining for some injury. Doctors should mention in the post-mortar report that it is post-mortar staining. Clearly. So, Riger Martins and post-mortar staining will give you a clue regarding when exactly the post-mortar staining is right. And there is another point in favour which can also help us to know when the post-mortar staining is right. That is, cooling of the body. What is this cooling of the body? If you had the opportunity to touch a dead body, if anyone among you, naming a near and dear, that body would have felt very cold. What could be the reason, why the body becomes cold? The body... Kaili, unmute yourself. Kaili, unmute. I'll just, just, just. Can you? Unmute, sir. Unmute. I don't know how to unmute. You see on the mic icon. It's fine, it's fine. Now? It's fine now. Okay, okay. I'll just connect it again. Yes, sir. Okay. Yes, sir. Perfect. Now, it's better than the previous one. Okay, okay. See, the dead body attains the temperature of the environment. Sir, just repeat the previous two minutes because you have muted yourself. Okay, okay. Other than this post-mortar, rigor martis and post-mortar staining, there is another change which takes place in the dead body that is called cooling of the dead body, which we call. As such, the body, there's no mechanism body to get cold. The dead body, because of stoppage of circulation, the blood circulation is stopped. What happens now? The body attains the environmental temperature by convection and radiation. So, when we test the dead body, can you hear me? Yes, sir. We are able to hear you. When we test the dead body, we feel the body is cold. Okay? Yeah. Can you? Yes, sir, yes, sir. Okay. So, rigor martis, post-mortar staining and cooling of the body all together, we can roughly assess when exactly the person has died. But no doctor, there is no mechanism to say in minutes and hours when exactly the person has died. It is in a range we can view. Three to four hours or six hours, 12 hours, 34 hours, 36 hours, 72 hours, like this we can say. Other than rigor martis, post-mortar staining and cooling of the body, decomposition also can do regarding the ends of death. What is this decomposition? Because once the circulation stops, once the warmth is lost in the body, the bacteria which is already within the body, good bacteria starts multiplying and they produce gas, hydro, sinic acid, okay, hydrogen sulfate, sorry, hydrogen sulfate, carbon dioxide, these gases accumulate in the body, the body starts bloating and the hydrogen sulfate combines with hemoglobin becomes greenish hydro, methamoglobin, okay. So, this body becomes greenish initially, later it becomes bluish in color and the whole body will be bloated, foul smelling and it discolored. This also we can use to assess the times of death. For example, by 72 hours, after 72 hours the intestines may come out of through anal canal also, tongue will be protruding, thigh balls will be protruding, all these things also will tell us the times of death. So, why this time sense death is important? Time sense death is important in case of criminal trial. As you know, when exactly this person died, who was there with that person at that time, Ali B and other things, this is left to you, you all know about these things. So, times is death can be calculated, point is that no mechanism, no doctrine can give exact minute to minute times of death. Other than this four, we can also find out times is death by internal findings. For example, stomach, if the food is there in the stomach, by knowing the type of food and quantity of food, we can also tell when exactly this person died. For example, roughly it takes four to six hours for our food to digest, okay. That is from the stomach to going to the intestine, stomach to get emptied, it takes four to six hours, a less fatty food, four hours, fatty food like meat and other things up to six hours. So, how they calculate if they, I don't know when exactly he has eaten a food, what type of food, if he gives that information to the doctor, doctor can calculate when exactly the person has died after the last meeting. For example, it is in this four hours emptying time, first two hours, half of the food will be thrown into the intestine from the stomach. For example, if 400 milligrams of food is eaten, okay. And after two hours, there will be only 200 milligrams ML of food for the stomach. Likewise, after four hours, the whole stomach will be emptied. But sometimes the stomach content can stay for hours together if the person is in unconscious state or in coma, because the motility of the intestines will be retarded because of the coma. So, stomach content and belongings can also give low regarding. This is about the time since that all this information that is like and what is postmortem standing and decompose change in cooling of body can be in the body part of the postmortem report that is second. And apart from this, the body of the postmortem should have any injuries on the body, especially multiple injuries. You may be due to road traffic accident, maybe assault with weapons like knives or a butcher's axe and other things are bullet. These injuries also should be written on the in the column that is body of the postmortem. And every injury should be written by numbering. Okay. Number one, this is the injury. Number two, this is the injury. And it should be recorded from yet to go that is better for the doctor so that you will not miss any injury. From it, he has to start down and go on describing what is the injury. Type of injury can be laceration, operation, conclusions and chop injuries, stab injury, electrical injuries, a gunshot injury. The injury can be a different. He has to name the type of injury, the size of the injury, where exactly it is present, whether it's present on the forehead, whether it's the presence of the cheek, whether it is present on the neck. So he has to describe the name of the injury, size of the injury, location of the injury, and shape of the injury and direction of injury. All these things should be written very clearly. Can you? Can you hear me? Hello? Hello? Okay. Thank you. So injuries should be written in such a way it should be meticulous and described in detail. So along with the injury is the close is also shown, but also should be mentioned in the separate column described on the floor. Of course, the stab injury enters the clothes and goes into the chest. Okay. Can you mean? The bandwidth at your area is quite low. Yes, sir. You can speak. Okay. See, injuries has to be written in order regarding the position, shape, size and location. And any particle in the injury also should be written and retrieved. For example, if mud is there or paint is there in the injury, that has to be taken and should be preserved and that also should be written in the post-mortar report. So this body of the post-mortar report external is all this information which I told right now should be there. Next, we come to the internal examination. For example, skull cavity, chest cavity, abdominal cavity should be open and examined and described in a descriptive simple language format. As for as possible, doctors should not use a technical words and you should use a common words which is equivalent to a technical word so that it will be easy for the people who can understand including the clients who have who can have the access to the post-mortar report also should understand what exactly the doctor is. So skull, the doctor has to open and he can write about the nature of the skull, nature of the skull, nature of the brain, whether they are intact, injured or diseased. Three columns will be there including a column for spinal cord, spinal column, then comes a chest wall, ribs and the covering inside the chest wall and lungs, media staining, heart, large vessels, everything he has to describe in the second cavity column that is the internal findings. The abdominal cavity, this one we have to write about the abdominal wall, the peritoneum that is the inner covering of this abdomen, the intestine, the stomach, liver, kidneys, liver and other things should be written in these columns. And the last column is about the kidney, bladder and genital organ. This also should be described. If no injury is found, no defect is found, no disease is found, he can write intact in place, intact and after these things he has to write whether he is preserving anything for future examination. For example, in case of poisoning where the doctor can collect the viscera, what is viscera? Viscera is sample of tissues where the poison passes through. The poison if it is consumed from the mouth to esophagus that is the foot pipe, it will go to the stomach. From there it goes to the intestine, from there it goes to the blood, from blood it goes to the kidney, from kidney bladder and out. So any drug has got the passage this way. So the doctor has to collect the organs wherever the poisonous past. For example, he has to collect the stomach along with the stomach content and after the first portion of the small intestine, then under the middle of the blood and on kidney and off a cage of liver. These are the things they routinely collect, but they are called viscera. So these organs are collected and preserved, packed and sent, labelled and sent to the forensic silencer lab. In case if they do, for example, in case of poisoning they have to collect all these organs, put in wide mouth jar and put the organ and preserve it. Most of the doctor in our country they use common salt, sodium chloride. Yes sir, kindly unmute you. Say in fact, check at your place, your bandwidth is low of the network. Yes sir, say in fact kindly check your networks, bandwidth is quite low. I am very sorry, extremely. I try to fiddle with my desktop and it's gone. I am managing with my cell phone, holding cell phone in one hand and just trying to. No issues, no issues. Because I am old man, I don't know how to control all these things. No issues. Okay, see sodium chloride is commonly available and it's not, it's cheap and anybody can access here, they use. Okay, and they should use enough sodium chloride. Okay, almost one third of the volume of the organs what they have preserved, they should use the sodium. Somebody has asked in case of injected poison, what should be done? Okay, blood is enough. This viscera business, sending viscera is an age old practice and still mean doctors are not changed. Okay, we don't require all these things. If we find the poisoning blood that's more than enough. So in case of injected, injected poisoning, blood is enough. For example, in case of a snake bite, it's very difficult to detect. That's another part. That's also injected a poisoning, innate poisoning. That is also difficult. For example, irrespirable gases if it is in the end. Okay, that also is difficult to identify, but ingestion, ingestion means taken by mouth. It's easy. Hello, can you? Can you hear me? Sir, the audibility is slighted issue because the network is quite low, but it's fine. Okay, so this is about collection of viscera. Suppose if the doctor finds some disease must be the cause of death, he can preserve a tissue and he has to send it to the histopathology examination to the department of pathology in a medical college hospital. Where all you can send it, what all the condition where he has to send these tissues. For example, in case of his suspects, heart attacks, a piece of coronary artery he can preserve and confirm it. Okay, awesome, real disease. He can take a small piece of tissue, small piece of tissue, and he can preserve in formaldehyde and send to the pathologist. Okay, likewise, in case of recover certain items, for example, bullets, bone fragments, or foreign body in the body, that also he should be collected and sent to the forensic science laboratory for analysis and reporting. So in such cases, if he does viscera or histopathology, he cannot give the opinion as to the cause of death immediately. Okay, so hello, hello, it's fine, it's fine. Okay, in case of disease, the tissue has to be sent to the department of pathology for histopathological examination to confirm what is the disease. So if he preserves any of this viscera or is a tissue for histopathology, or any other things, he has to reserve his opinion. He cannot give the opinion as to the cause of death. He has to write there in the column of final opinion, that column, opinion column, reserve pending, want of chemical analysis report. A reserve opinion is reserve pending for want of histopathological report like this, he has to keep. So this is about the three parts of the postmortem report that is preamble, body, and opinion. For example, if the report doesn't come on time, it may take longer time, who is responsible? It is the response where the poll is to get these reports from the forensic science laboratory and submit to the doctors. And as well, it is this response where to collect these samples from the doctor and take it and submit to the forensic science laboratory and get the report. Usually what happens this poll is investigating people will not collect the reports or the material in time and also will not submit the reports on time and there will be delay in giving final opinion. Yes sir. Hello, can you hear me? Yes sir, yes sir. Okay, okay. See, my topic today is only regarding postmortem report, the content, that's all. Regarding other things like the range, firearms and other things, it is a different subject which I can speak if there is a lot to me. Now, the third part in the postmortem report is cause of death, very important that is cause of death. Cause of death he has to mention that should be at the end. He has to write why exactly this person has died. Usually the right death is due to shock, asphyxia and all these things which may not be right on the part. He can write that death is lost due to loss of blood, okay, because of multiple injuries. Death is due to poisoning he can write and like this. Now, the third, first is identification, second is time sister, third is cause of death, cause of death. After complete thorough examination, most of the time the doctor will know what is the cause of death. But sometimes, sometimes, sometimes in spite of complete autopsy, thorough autopsy and investigation both visual and laboratory investigations and other things, opinion as to the cause of death cannot be witnessed. If new people are thinking autopsy, they can find anything, everything, why the person has died, that is wrong. About 5% of the cases, it cannot be obtained. It's called obscure autopsy, where in spite of complete examination, sometimes doctor cannot give opinion as to the cause of death, which we call as a negative autopsy and obscure autopsy, 5%. Why the doctor cannot give opinion, for example, if body is highly decomposed, the injuries, minor injuries which is destroyed because of decomposition or certain poisons, poisons which cannot be detected in chemical analysis and it cannot be detected in chemical analysis. So, negative report falls into the 5% category where the doctor cannot give opinion. Now, the last point in post-motor report, can you hear me? Can you hear me? Yes, sir. Yes, sir. The last part that is identification times is death, cause of death. The last part of post-motor report is the nature of death. Here, the doctor should never write what is the nature of death in the post-motor report in the report immediately, because nature of death is whether it's a suicide, homicide, or accident like that. That is not a point to be written by the doctor, unless until it is asked by the investigating officer that, sir, you have given the post-motor report, these are the injuries are there, whether these injuries is sufficient to cause death and these injuries can be caused by this weapon. That time, the doctor can give his opinion, then it is agreed. But in the post-motor report, the doctor should never write nature of injury as far as possible. For example, in case of hanging, the IOS will ask whether the hanging is suicidal or omicidal. How can the doctor say suicidal or omicidal just by examining the dead body? Because he has to have the information regarding where exactly the person was found hanging, what is the height, suspension point, and what is the material, and all those things, information should be there. And to a certain extent, in case of hanging cases, we can say it could be suicide. It cannot be omicidal. For example, it's very difficult for an adult person to be hanged by any other person, unless until a group of people get involved. That is called lynching. And it's very difficult for anybody to hang without causing any bodily injury on the dead person. And it can be possible in case of young children, mother will tie the rope around the neck of the child and hang. That's called omicidal hanging. Or if the person is very weak and that person can be hanged by another person. But here, the tying of knot can be very important for us to say whether it is tied by that person or by another person, by self or by other person. This also can be found when where exactly the ligature material is there on the neck and where exactly the knot and how the head is tilted. All these things can tell us whether the hanging is by self or by third person. Interestingly, interestingly, there are five types of hanging. That is suicide hanging, omicidal hanging, post-motor hanging, post-motor hanging and lynching and judicial hanging. These are the types. And usually doctors would never give opinion regarding it's a suicide hanging or omicidal hanging unless until it is asked by the investigating officer. This forms the entire post-motor report content. That is, the clue regarding time's death, clue regarding the injury and cause of death and nature of death. This kindly share comments at this time. Okay. This is about the post-motor report. Usually, no two states has got the similar post-motor report formats in our country. But there is only one pre-steady format, a post-motor report that is called in case of custodial death, the National Human Rights Commission has prescribed a pattern of post-motor report where it has got a few more things like, for example, sketches outline of the human body and those things will be there and it comes in a form of booklet. And it's a prescribed one and we can, it's easy for us just to fill it up instead of writing it. And next point, you will ask me whether the written post-motor report is the original or the notes prepared by the doctor is original. This question also comes in the court of law. See, a doctor who is conducting post-motor examination cannot write simultaneously. He has to dictate to somebody so that that person will take down and later doctor will write it and sign it. Once the doctor signs the post-motor report, you should accept it. That is, he is written and it is authenticated. And also each page of the post-motor report should be signed by the doctor clearly with his name. If necessary, there should be a rubber stamp also of the doctor's name designation should be there. It's easy for the police also to give serve summons also code to serve summons. This is about the post-motor report. Do you have any doubt and if you find it difficulty in hearing me? Okay, it's fine. Okay, so we will confine only to the post-motor report. Okay, now for example, in Kerala state, they make a notes and they keep it there only. They make a small draft, take a note from the notes and they submit to the investigating office. How long the doctor should take to submit the post-motor report is another question. This post-motor should be reported as early as possible. He should submit the post-motor report to the investigating officer. That is within 24 hours is a better one. And usually what happens now, in case of a viscera preserved, it takes a little longer time. The duration or delay is mainly because the investigating officer because they take their own time to take it, collect it, then keep it in the police station for some times and Mahajir and other things they do it and send it to the forensic science department. Sometimes it takes one or two years for the forensic science laboratory report to reach us. Nowadays, it is faster because every state is opening regional forensic science laboratories and it's quite but the method of examination of analysis is also most of the places it is outdated and we need as to be looked into that also, why the report is not accurate, unreliable. Regarding injuries, there are many types of injuries that we have to go into details and changes of death is another big chapter which we have to go to. Is there more than one type of post-motor? Yes. There are two types. Initially, I told no clinical autopsy and medical legal autopsy. Somebody asked me, okay, somebody asked me, I can see that. Is there how many types of post-motor me has asked? There are two types. One is clinical autopsy, otherwise medical legal autopsy. Clinical autopsy to know the cause of death, medical legal autopsy, not only know the cause of death, time is death and other things. This is for now and more. And hello. Hello. Now, most of the time, the body will be fresh in nature. It's easy for the doctors to conduct post-motor examination and submit the report. Sometimes what happens more? By the time the information reaches the police station, by the time the police reaches the spot where the dead person is there, the body would have changed because of decomposition. Sometimes if the body is found in a forest area like that, within hours, wild animals would have eaten the most part of the body and it will not be in one piece. Sometimes the body will be dragged to some distance and okay, I think you can hear me. Sometimes what happens is that the dead body will not be in bone pieces, the body will be highly decomposed and it will be very difficult. Sometimes only skeleton will be there or sometimes by the time the police reaches, the relatives would have burned the body and it will be in ashes and burned in nature. Can you hear me? Yes sir. Sometimes the body, if it is mutilated by animal or if it is burned by the time the police reaches, it will be hop burned. So that time also the doctor has to examine. Sometimes skeleton remains has to be examined. Sometimes burnt bodies, burnt bones will be submitted for us to examine and give. That is also post-motor examination only. And the other one is you must have heard about exhumation. Exhumation is removing the dead body which is already buried, exhumed the body. If there is doubt regarding cause of death, why the person has died, why the person, if the body is buried without post-motor examination, sometimes it happens because the relatives will not know to inform the police they would have buried the body. In such cases a post-motum is required and only the magistrate can order the exhumation of the dead body. And the tassels are executed, magistrate will exhumed the body and the body will be submitted to the doctor and the doctor has to conduct the examination of the already buried dead body which is called post-motum examination on the exhumed body. This is a little bit of troublesome or not very comfortable or pleasant job for a doctor to conduct post-motum examination on the dead body which is removed from the buried ground because it will be foul smelling and disfigured and a lot of people will be around with curiosity and the environment will not be very friendly for the doctor in spite of that doctor has to do the post-motum. He can do the post-motum near by the side of the burial ground or he can ask the police to bring the dead body to the mortuary and there he can conduct examination also this is about the exhumation of the already buried body. So at the end I can say the body is brought by the police for post-motum examination it may be intact it may be fresh or it may be yes sir somebody has asked me can a magistrate ask for post-motum yes in case of custodial death in case of death due to dowry related death 304b 498 case the magistrate will draw the panchanama especially custodial death hello in case of custodial death the magistrate will come into the picture and he will draw the panchanama and he will give the request for conducting post-motum examination that's the exceptional cases but routinely any SHO can give request for post-motum examination to the nearest doctor who can ask order for second post-motum that is the magistrate can order for exhumation and second post-motum examination. Second post-motum examination in case of exhumed body magistrate has to ask but in case of sometimes what happens no a person dies in some foreign country they would conduct post-motum examination there and the body is brought here the relatives are telling suspecting that they don't agree with the report what they have to given in the foreign country they want another post-motum examination in these cases any investigating officer can ask for a post-motum examination it need not be executive magistrate usually whole is most of the cases the investigating officer will ask for the request for post-motum examination usually in how many times post-motum file can be changed oh this is a question you should not change the post-motum file okay once written is written if there are any mistakes okay is there are any mistakes that word should be lined a single line by a pen and the correct word should be written above that word it cannot be changed okay post-motum report cannot be changed often okay this is about the second post-motum examination so it can be changed it is saying how many times post-motum reports can be challenged challenger yeah as far as my knowledge goes that is during cross examination itself they are challenging no yeah during post-mot either in trials during defense council will challenge every post-mot report next question confidential is another question no it cannot in our state in Karnataka by paying about a small amount of fees they can get that copy of the post-motum but only thing only offered submitting to the investigating officer organ donation of the death person post-motum oh it's very interesting case question because I was involved in propagating organ donation in Karnataka state because I was member of appropriate authority and there was doubt whether organs can be taken out to transplant you to the third person in case of medical legal cases especially road traffic accidents 2008 I was the one to year 2008 I was the one who helped the investigating officer to harvest organ from a brain dead a lady in that lady's organ heart was transplanted to some other needy person see this organ donation people say if you remove the organ we cannot give opinion as to the cause of death and there can be injustice in the court of law the person will not get justice all this thing is there no even case of murder have removed organs for transplantation because the doctor will know only the good functioning organs from the dead body and that is not necessary if the organ is good functioning it is not the cause of death so we need not bother about sir organ donation and if a person has sustained injury remain hard doesn't change the the opinion okay only thing doctor should be confident and support this organ donation campaign so that the people more and more people will get there is no endurance in conducting organ harvesting organ before postmortem examination it is done routinely in Bangalore and the model which I created in Bangalore it's called Bangalore model which is copied by other states also Chennai is the leader in organ transplantation Karnataka is was second now Kerala is taken the second position and we go ahead in harvesting the organs even in case of medical legal cases for example ashes are the details you can get in ashes no no in ashes if the totally burnt body if the police submits ashes for examination it is not possible to give any opinion as to the cause of death but if we find third molar tooth in the ash third molar means the wisdom tooth if you are lucky we can find the DNA from the blood which is there in case of root of the tooth book suggests for understanding medical legal jurisprudence somebody has asked SW Cox is one book which is good for you people it's not very big one and in that book there he also quotes lot of cases where judgment has been given for example I said no such thing versus union of India there were two references in that book one is whether all three cavities should be opened no okay whether all bullets should be recovered no because the person whose postmortem was done was our former prime minister so there was not much time for doing the detailed postmortem examination so they could not collect all the bullets from the body but still it's h w h w h w yeah not h w Cox okay and Modi is very big book okay and it'll take long time and oh false postmortem report what punishment is another person as usually the postmortem report will not be false okay but it will not throw much information if the doctor is not very familiar with postmortem exam so the postmortem report will not be complete and it will not be in detail okay I don't think so any doctor will change the postmortem report that easily because you know the consequences of ordering the postmortem fabricated by the doctor is it has to be proved in the court of law and defense this prosecution is there for this defense is there and the presiding officer will look at it and the punishment as you know fabricating any document is for giving as false evidence under both is a serious crime 191 IPC section see evidence comes means postmortem report is a documentary evidence and the person who satisfies the postmortem report in the witness box is an expert witness and especially expert witness will not have any interest in the case so it is documentary evidence and it is an expert witness examination it's going fast virtual autopsy somebody has saw is there any murder by causing yes SW talks medical judgment and talks the college yes it's a good book a lot of information is there Narayan Reddy is for medical students okay a law student it's not in detail but only thing is as you get any case particular thing you have to search for that book it'll be difficult for you if you got any doctor friend just get some information from them and search for yourself don't believe any doctors because all the doctors will not have that much expert experience and expertise in case of postmortem hardly very few doctors are involved in postmortem examination for example government doctors they do it's a bound and duty of the doctor government of postmortem exception but exception is that in Karnataka state even private medical college they can do medical legal autopsy it has been done for more than 25 years private medical college also conduct autopsy and it's accepted in Tamil Nadu one or two medical college like Ramachandra it was private hands then it becomes a government then again it has gone to private they do the postmortem action and I don't think so any other place any other state with doctors foundation it is it is the body will be with support mechanical support ventilators and other things and the person is brain dead so we can take our own time in searching the suitable recipient it's not that over is there the list take it and take the organ and put it in the recipient person we have to match it so cross matching has to be done whether the recipients blood is matching with the donors then only it has to be transplanted so till we get the suitable recipient the person that brain dead person can be kept in ventilator support okay this is about organ donation hello so I think we have broadly understood the concepts what we wanted to have I'm sorry there was a lot of interruptions I didn't expect and no issues as long as we will do the postmortem of the session today after the session is over we will see my language was it simple and the audience yeah yeah I'm reminded of the famous song they'll say yeah so we have all understood and any questions from your side no no it's fine the participants were quite active they were fully jotting down on the maybe you should involve more and more doctors to this audience because there are more than under section in IPC which involves with human body gradually gradually we will graduate we had requested justice talent who has who is of earlier devised the book of modi jurisprudence modi medical jurisprudence no yesterday it was his birthday I talked to him he said that yes I will do on forensic medical science yeah so tomorrow friends we will have a session on rape sexual offence section 375 to 376 e of indian penal code to be understood by john as revs advocate from kerala I could lose stay connected with us tomorrow and on behalf of all those participants who have been watching us live on the youtube facebook and on this platform we thank you Dr. Devdas pk for giving his insights we are also thankful to our knowledge partners the next study the study circle under the ages of the senior advocate e home prakash for becoming our knowledge partners and if you like the youtube channel of beyond the CLC you can share like and comment upon the same so that the people can understand what type of webinars up to 350 we have done or it has been done and thank you sir and everyone stay safe stay blessed thank you for the opportunity meet again thank you


From Hollywood, it's time now for Johnny dollar Oh hi Ed, I heard you were trying to reach me for where Yeah, I know and I know I've been there nobody I've seen a show. Oh, he is a killer So what do I do go out there and scream it up for him one of his audience, baby Hey, you really do like his show tonight and every weekday night Bob Bailey in the transcribed adventures of the man with the action-packed Expensive card America's fabulous freelance insurance investigator yours truly Johnny dollar From special investigated Johnny dollar to the home office Union States casualty company Hartford, Connecticut The following is an accounting of expenditure is during my investigation of the laughing matter Item one two hundred and twenty one dollars and fifty cents Transportation by scheduled airline to San Diego incidentals there and charter plane for a flight 80 miles south into Mexico to Ensenada Item two a dollar ninety taxi from the plowed ground Airstrip to the Carrara marble foyer of the plush babo beach hotel The contrast was typical Ensenada is two towns really the tourist town is a glittering belt of pseudo swank resorts around the south end of the Bay Ball headed men and flowery sports shirts and fat women in shorts loaded down with cameras souvenirs and US dollars the loafing town And next to it the rows of warehouses and docks the fishing fleets and freezer plants narrow dirt streets and slums Soft-eyed Mexicans and the gentle liquid sound of Spanish native town the working town Two different ways of life and no bridge of understanding between The executive producer of the Charlie Burton show a man named Frank Maltz was in my room five minutes after I checked in Glad to know you mr. Dollar He was probably in his middle 40s, but looked older Haggered pressure a little battered around the edges. He might not have his ulcer yet But he was sure working on one didn't waste much time getting here Well that phone call yours got them pretty upset back there and I meant for it So I'm getting have you called in the local authorities mr. Maltz It wouldn't have done any good Charlie to blown his top and had him thrown out good old lovable Charlie Yes, he doesn't know you phoned Hartford. Nope. He just stopped me if he'd known why does he want to die? Oh, it says he's had murder threats before crank letters. He wouldn't take it seriously, but you do is that it? I didn't figure it was up to me to decide as I understand it mr. Maltz There was a note of some kind slipped under Burton's door. That's right. Well, tell me about it with you All right yesterday evening after we came back from shooting some scenes around the Bay Went to our room a shower cleanup for dinner When Charlie started to leave his room he saw the note where is this room fourth one down in the terrace to the left all our Rooms open under this same terrace. You still have that note. No Charlie tore it up after he read it. Did he show it to anybody? Yes to me It was on stationery from the hotel here. It was in pencil and crudely printed remember the wedding Oh, yes, it said only the gods are immortal Burton as you'll soon find out you'll never leave Ensenada alive Kind of an odd way of putting it. I thought so myself Now anyone who might use that style of phrasing. No, I'm afraid not all right What else mr. Maltz nothing else those are the facts anything happened since the note not as far as I know Burton could be right of course the whole thing maybe a hoax Yeah, maybe but that's for you to decide not me. Who do you know who might think they had a reason to kill him? Ah, I think I'll let you form your own conclusions on that. Oh, thanks, mr. Maltz. That's very thoughtful. All right I'm sorry. I realize I haven't given you much to go on writing. I can't help it dollar. That's all I know about I see well talk to the others see what they know about it others Well, I was thinking mainly of Gloria Dale and Al Schreiber and there's Charlie himself, of course Suppose you brief me on those other two. All right Gloria Dale's a feminine lead. Yeah, I've seen her on TV. Yeah, probably it's been with the show for three years She's in her late 20s. She's single. She's gorgeous. She has a terrific sense of comedy She get along with all lovable Charlie. Good question. Maybe she can give you an answer to it All right, I'll ask her and who is that other one you mentioned Al Schreiber. Yeah, he's a young newcomer He's been with the show six months now a real talent if he were ever given a chance to show it Why isn't he given a chance? Because on the Charlie Burton show my friend there is one and only one star namely good old lovable boys Charlie Oh, you've been reading the press release. That was a matter of fact. I had All right, who else? No, that's all at least all that matter the camera crew the technicians were sent up from Churro Busco in Mexico City They never heard of Charlie Burton before and we haven't had much of any contact with anyone here in town Now I think that note was written by somebody right here in the family That's another reason I sent for you instead of the local police Just why did you send for me mr. Maltz? What do you mean? How do you feel about Charlie Burton? Haven't you guessed more or less? I think well, I'll spell it right out for you, mr.  I'd get roaring drunk to celebrate it and yet you're the one who phoned an SOS to heart well sure if Burton does get it I want an expert around somebody will tag the right party for the crime A matter of justice is that in why not? Oh because it's usually just a word people talk about What they really want is to win Is that what you want mr. Maltz? Very funny.  No, I'm waiting till they perfect it. I feel the same way about murder So the legend of lovable charlie was starting to crack One person at least didn't love him frank Maltz his executive producer And there was something else besides hating frank Maltz's eyes of weariness or bitterness Something I couldn't quite place I filed the thought for the moment took time to shower and change and went looking for another pair of eyes A prettier pair and I found them alone on the terrace with their owner They were turned toward the west toward the last golden edge of the sun as it sank into the pacific They were big in blue Very lovely Hello there. How are you miss tail miss? I'm johnny dollar. I just got in from hartford and I've been talking with frank Maltz Oh You must be with the advertising sponsor. No, I'm an insurance investigator. Huh? Yes, I'm here in regard to that threatening note that mr. Burton received Oh that you've heard about it then. Oh, we all heard about it interminably From Burton you mean who else? Oh, he paced and posed and beat his breast. He wept and stormed and shouted at us Harangued accused and monologued us our base in gratitude after all he'd done for us Done to us. He should have said that one of us a viper in his bosom should stoop to such a practical joke on good old luck If it was a practical joke, what are you doing down here? Do you think it was a joke miss tail? I don't but charlie himself Do you mean somebody really meant that threat? Maybe well, what do you know? Any ideas to who might have written it? Sure anybody who knows him Is he that bad actually mr. Dollar? You've heard the expression horrid old man. Sure Well, if charlie Burton worked for years to improve himself. I mean really tried Eventually he might lift himself up high enough to be a horrid old man Well, if it's like that, why do you stick around? Why do I? Because I signed a contract last year During an emotional crisis And it's got two more years to run break it breathe a little clean air for a change I'd be dead professionally and that's about all I've gotten life now Professional career such as it is same thing applied to frank malts. Yeah contract Executive producer is just a title. Charlie Burton show is owned by charlie Burton locked stock barrel and the souls of the employees Something of a dictator.  Dollar. I had that line in a play once but it still fits him Tell me the truth mr. Elm did you write that note? I'm a female comic mr. Dollar. So so who can write? Gloria Out here al on the terrace al tribe.  No, but I've got him on the list That may turn out to be quite a list before you're through Downstairs bar at seven, honey. That's what you said downstairs bar at seven. I know I'm going in and change right now Al, this is johnny dollar al tribe. All right. Let us see mr. Dollar is an insurance investigator He's here about that murder threat charlie got you mean that note was for real could be well happy days Baby, there's hope for us yet careful al mr. Dollar is making a list Sweetie, I'd be proud to confess only I didn't think of the idea and besides a macaward Either of you actually see that note. No, but we heard about it. So I understand How does insurance figure in this you mean some company actually wrote a policy on that earthworm To the tune of a half million bucks. Holy hannah. Who's he worth that much to his sponsor the advertising client I doubt if it's personal really they're just protecting their investment in the show A half million fish for a phony old fake who weighs in at a fast 30 cents See maybe they're out to kill them and make a profit for themselves. Yeah, I'll put them on the list And I take it you're in the club too well Club at least you're not wearing a love charlie burton button Oh, sir All I am ever was or hoped to be in any future life All I have ever had or expect to have at any time notwithstanding The foregoing to supersede any previous statement and irregardless of any utterance made hereafter I owe in its entirety and without any reservation whatsoever to my one and only benefactor That's sterling magnanimous warm hearted genial I'll bet you think i'm only saying that because it's in my contract Did you write the note l I don't know what to say until I check with my writers. Yeah, I have the same problem with my underwriters Say that's not bad mr. Dollar. You know you ought to try to tell him. I'm waiting till they perfect it Right i'm three 80 cents one drink I had it sent from the bar and sat on the terrace alone and drank it I watched the sun die on the west and let the soft night creep out of the hills of mexico and sink down over me in gentle falls Then I saw a man slip from the shadowed shrubbery and move cautiously up to terrace A pale ghost dressed in the white cotton of a peon worker As I came quietly to my feet a girl ran from inside somewhere clung to him and stopped him They argued fiercely for a moment and guarded spanish Then the man turned and saw me and vanished into the darkness of the hotel gardens The girl faced me for an instant with eyes like frightened doves then she too turned and fled But I'd recognize it. She was the hotel maid who brought ice to my room when I first arrived So it was a lovers meeting most likely And yet the man before she stopped him had been heading across the terrace toward charlie burton's room Now here's our star to tell you about tomorrow's intriguing episode of this week's story tomorrow The great man condescends and shivers a little too And a girl's hidden hate is blacker than the sea wet rock she vents it on Join us won't you Yours truly johnny dollar Yours truly johnny dollar starring bob bailey is transcribed in hollywood written by less crutchfield It is produced and directed by jack john stone Be sure to join us tomorrow night same time and station for the next exciting episode of yours truly johnny dollar roi roan speaking


Hello, you're watching the International Daily Roundup by People's Dispatch, where we bring you some of the top stories from around the world. Let's take a look at the headlines. Left candidate leads Colombia's presidential primary. A report says that media and the Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is being choked. Prominent Palestinian lawyer is placed in administrative detention. And Iran says that Erbil missile attack targeted Israeli bases. In our first story, left-wing pre-candidate Gustavo Petro has taken the lead in Colombia's upcoming presidential election. He won the primaries of the Progressive Historic Pact Coalition on March 13. With almost all votes counted, Petro won a share of 80 percent or over 4.4 million votes. Meanwhile, former Mayor Federico Guterres secured the nomination from the right-wing team for Colombia Coalition. The centrist Hope Coalition has chosen mathematician Sergio Fardo as his candidate. He will join Petro, Guterres and several other candidates from smaller parties to contest the election on May 29. Gustavo Petro is a former guerrilla of the M19 rebel group. He was elected to the Senate in 2006 and as later as the Mayor of Bogota. His platform includes a tax reform that will eliminate exemptions for corporations. He has also pledged a readjustment to the pension system and a real wage based on capital and income. He has also proposed to replace the economy's dependence on fossil fuels, mining and hydrocarbon extraction with agriculture. Colombia has witnessed a rise in poverty and violence, including the killing of social leaders and a far-right President Iván Duque. His ruling Democratic Center Party has chosen Oscar Iván Zuluaga as its candidate. Around 39 million Colombians were eligible to vote on Sunday to also elect 108 senators and 188 members of Congress. According to preliminary results as of Monday morning, the historic pact has secured 16 seats in the Senate and 25 in the Congress. In our next story, news media in Jermaine Kashmir is slowly being choked. This is mainly due to extensive curbs imposed by the government. Journalists in the region have been facing constant harassment from security forces in the line of duty. A fact-finding committee of the Press Council of India has presented this report on the state of media in the region. The body was set up in September 2021 after a complaint by former Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti. It states that the region's administration suspected that a large number of journalists were militant sympathizers with anti-national persuasion. Normal lines of communication have been disrupted with the administration opting for selective engagement with preferred journalists.  People spoke of a deliberate hobbling of communication network since Article 370 was abrogated. The practice of issuing accreditation cards to journalists has also been stopped since March 2020. This has made it difficult for news persons to move around, gain access to restricted areas and government offices. The public relations work of several departments has also been taken over by the police. Most journalists confirmed that they had been made to fill a profiling questionnaire, suggestive of them having links to anti-national forces. The police have considered that 49 journalists have been arrested and charged since 2016. We now go to Palestine where human rights lawyer Salah Hamoury has been placed under administrative detention by Israel. The order was issued last week, days after he was arrested in a raid north of Jerusalem. Hamoury was then transferred to the offer Israeli military prison. He has been placed in detention without charge or trial for four months. Israel has accused him of being a member of the band popular front for the liberation of Palestine. Hamoury represented Palestinian prisoners and also worked for the riots group Adhameer, which was recently banned by Israel. Prior to his arrest, he had already spent years in prison and under administrative detention. He also faced travel bans and his wife and French national Elsa Lefort was also reported. In 2021, groups including Amnesty International found that Hamoury's phone had been infected with the NSO group's Pegasus spyware. In October, Israel's Interior Ministry illegally revoked his residency status and ordered his deportation from Jerusalem. It stated that his actions represented a breach of alliance to the state of Israel. The accusation that Hamoury belonged to a terrorist group or engaged in terrorist activity was supposedly based on secret evidence. He was fighting his residency revocation at the time of his arrest. Hamoury's lawyers had filed for an injunction allowing him to remain in Jerusalem until the final ruling. The request was rejected by the Supreme Court last week. And for our final story, Iran has claimed responsibility for a missile attack on the city of Erbil in Iraq. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps or IRGC said that it fired 12 ballistic missiles on locations used by Israel. This was in retaliation for Israel's attack on Syria, which killed two IRGC members. Israel's carried out hundreds of unprovoked air attacks on Syria since 2011, claiming to target Iranian and Hezbollah bases. The IRGC's missiles hit the capital of Kurdistan region early on March 13th. According to Al-Mayadeen, at least one base of Israeli intelligence Mossad was destroyed. No human casualties were reported in several houses and a news channel office were damaged. The attack was condemned by Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadimi, who also announced an investigation into the matter. Several Arab countries, the U.S. and France, also denounced the attack. Meanwhile, the Iraqi militia popular mobilization forces issued a statement asking the regional Kurdish government to stop collaborating with Israel. It claimed that hosting Israelis in the country made it a legitimate target. PMF Constituent Qataiyep Hezbollah reiterated the need to expel foreign military and intelligence bases from Iraq. Iran has accused the Kurdish groups of collaborating with Israel and has been demanding the total withdrawal of U.S. troops from the region. The push grew after the 2020 assassination of IRGC commander Qasim Soleimani and PMF commander Abu Mehdi al-Muhandis. And that's all for today's episode. For more such stories, visit our website peoplesdispatch.org and follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Thanks for watching.


Svečen, je Oliver Perra, in to je pravda pravda na vsebe. Na pravda pravda, sem vsebe vsebe, in na pravda pravda sem vsebe, vsebe vsebe vsebe. Na pravda pravda, sem vsebe, kako je pravda vsebe. And the Bayesian approaches uses algorithms to estimate the posterior distribution of the parameter value combinations of interest. So in the linear model we had different parameters and we need to use some algorithms to estimate the plausibility of these different parameters. Combinations depend conditionally on the data collected and conditionally on the model assumptions the priors had specified. And the best algorithms for this task are Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. This can represent the probability distribution of a combination of parameters by taking a series of random walks across the parameter space using a set of rules. And these set of rules basically ensure that these random walks will be more often in the direction of high probability regions. This also ensures that at the end of these walks, which are called chains, the algorithm should have done a fair bit of exploration that ensures it can provide a reliable high definition description of the underlying posterior distribution. So this was a very non-technical description of the algorithms and the Markov chain walks, but you can find more details in the references I have attached with this module. The problem with these algorithms is that they can get stuck in some unrepresentative regions of the parameter space. So an important issue to check is that the algorithm converged. Another problem is that the solutions of the algorithm may not be stable, so the algorithms may provide solutions that are not well defined. Now, a version of the Markov chain approach that has proved to be very efficient and reliable is the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. And this is implemented in R through STAN, and is particularly approachable using the rethinking package created by McElrah. And again, I refer to the book statistical rethinking that provides a lot of details about these methods. An advantage of the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo approach lies in the fact that it will provide error messages when some key problems arise. So here on the left side of the slide, you can see the model I had developed in the second presentation. So this is a linear regression model of new weight, so the variable bw here. And newborn's birth weight is supposed to be normally distributed around average mu and with a standard deviation sigma. So this is the likelihood function. The linear model specified in the second line says basically that the average birth weight of newborns is supposed to be a linear function of an intercept and the slope that represents the rate of change in newborn's birth weight associated with deviations of maternal weight from the general weight. And then I have some prior assumptions about the intercept A, the slope B, and the standard deviation sigma. So the intercept A is supposed to be normally distributed around an average of 3,300 grams. The slope B is supposed to be normally distributed around the average of zero, so I emphasized in the second presentation that this is a skeptical assumption. So I am not taking sides in a way I am giving equal probability to the slope B negative positive or null, so with no association between predictor and outcome. And finally, the assumptions for the standard deviation is that any value between zero and one kilo are equally likely. Beside this, on the right side of the panel, you can see how to write this model using the rethinking package. The rethinking package is basically specifying an M1 model. I call this model M1, but you can call it with any other name you want. And the option ULAM is basically using or invoking a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo approach to estimate this model. So the other options after a list are basically specifying the model likelihood of the model first. So variable BW birth weight is supposed to be approximately normally distributed with mean mu and standard deviation sigma. Then I have the linear model where mu is a function of A of the sum of A and the sum of the product of B by the maternal weight. And then I have priors for A, B and sigma. And finally, you can see that the other options in the right side panel asked the program to use four chains, sorry, six chains. And it is actually recommended to use more than four, or at least four chains usually to have reliable solutions. And these chains are now distributed across different core processes of the machine. And you can follow the script and the analysis using the script I have provided with the material of this module. So you can see how to run these analysis. To avoid problems in estimation or issues in the length of time for the estimation. It is also advisable to specify datasets or lists of data. We've only the variables of interest when you're using ULAM option thinking. And here you can see the output I have seen running these analysis. And again, you can check the script attached. You can invoke more information about the algorithm here and you see that there were no road messages in running the algorithm. And also you can have more information about what the algorithm was doing. And finally, using the command presees in the rethinking package, you can look at tables of the posterior distribution of the parameters. But this also provides some stick for the algorithm. In particular the R hat index here that you can see is one for all the three parameters of this model. The R hat statistic is basically an index of convergence of the algorithm. It compares the between and within chain estimates for model parameters. So if they agree, the Russia is going to be one as it is here. So R hat values larger than one actually indicate issues with convergence. And the recommendation is that the results should be used. The results of analysis should be used only if R hat is less than 1.05. Yeah, they're all one for all the parameters estimated. So that looks fine. And the other statistic reported here, ESS bulk is the bulk effective sample size, which is an index of the stability of the algorithm. The one recommendation is that bulk ESS should be at least 100 for each chain. So in this case I had six chains. And so I expected to have over 600 in the ESS in effective sample size bulk of these parameters. So these results also look good. And offers like cruise care emphasize the importance of reporting diagnostic information about the chains, the Markov chains you run. So this information should be reported in the results section or appendices. And it's also important to inspect the processes of the algorithm to check issues, to check for issues and diagnose potential problems and potential concerns. Chapter nine of statistical rethinking by Mekar Ra provides a clear guidance on these diagnostics and the R script I presented and some of the exercises attached with this module also provide some examples of other type of diagnostics for the chains and the estimation process. So having ensured that results are reliable and stable, we can look at the results. So here the precise command provides some tabular results. For example, the average mean of newborns birth weight for women of average weight is estimated to be 2900 grams with a standard deviation of 29 grams. And for each kilogram of maternal weight over the average weight, the baby birth weight is estimated, the baby's birth weight is estimated to increase by 5 grams. And this is a fact, this effect as a standard deviation equal to 2 grams. Also, you can see here in reported with percentages are the 89% credibility intervals, which basically tells that for example, the 99% of the times, there is 89% probability that the slope will range between 1.50 and 0.01. So you can see how these results also provide a very clear interpretation of these intervals, which is quite different from the confidence intervals reported in the standard approach. Here the credibility intervals, the 89% credibility intervals reported in this table, indicate the values that those parameters may take 89% of the times or with 89% probability. So the interpretation of these results is more intuitive and easier to communicate. And this is one of the advantages of a Bayesian approach. But as well as tables of results, plots are also very important in providing information about the results, particularly when the models are complex, for example, they include interactions. And plots also provide a way to informally check on the assumptions of the model. It's always recommended to plot the results from the posterior distribution. And in this graph here, I presented some of the results. So the dots represent the scatter of self data, where on the horizontal axis, I report the maternal weight in kilograms, and the vertical axis represents newborn's weight in grams. The darker line is the slope that presents the average intercept A and the average slope B extracted from the posterior distribution of the plausible combination of parameter values. So you can follow how I built this graph in the script attached with the material of this module. But one thing to keep in mind, however, is that in Bayesian analysis, this is just one of the most plausible lines that links the two variables. But there are many other lines that the model has ranked for their prosability and have high prosability as well as this line. So to make the most of the Bayesian approach, we shouldn't focus our inference only on one value or like these average values. And the posterior distribution, remember, considers and ranks every possible regression line and assigns relative prosability to each of these plausible regression lines. Therefore, there may be many other lines that have similar prosability than the average line shown here. And we need to explore the posterior probability of different combinations of parameters of A and B to have a sense of also how uncertain is the inference from our analysis. So it's important to make the most of the richness of Bayesian analysis to also investigate the uncertainty around the estimation of our parameters and ascertain it as I emphasized as also a more clear interpretation. And here in this graph I provide some examples of how to plot information about uncertainty in the distribution of combinations of different parameters according to the posterior distribution estimated, depending on the data and the models I had. Here in the graph on the right side, for example, you can see the shaded area that represents the 89% credibility intervals of the average slopes, of the average slopes. So that shaded area in light pink represents the values that the slope may take 89% of the time of 89% probability. And in the script attached with this module you can see how I estimated and created these graphs. The other graph on the right side represents also in the blue shaded area the 89% credibility intervals of the predicted newborn's birth weight. So it's basically representing that 89% probability of the birth weight taking different values according to this model. And you can also see in this way plotted against the observed data how the model assumptions fit in an informal way with the data. So these plots can be very useful in providing more information and more intuition about the model and how the model fits with the data. But at the same time we can use the posterior distribution of the parameters of the different combination of the parameters to also report other type of analysis and other information. For example, we may look at how likely birth weights are to be over certain value depending on conditionally on different maternal weights and so on. So there's a lot of different questions that can be answered by looking at the posterior distribution. And some of the references attached with this module also provide different examples where Bayesian analysis may be used to test different models and compare different models as well. So I refer to those references. So to conclude I wanted to highlight some of the key advantages of a Bayesian approach to regression analysis in my opinion. And one is that it's possible to incorporate previous knowledge which makes for more sensible models and the opportunity really to capitalize on the body of research that exists on a field. And I think this is very important in building better science in main ways. The other advantage I see is that also assumptions are formalized and therefore, first of all, there are no assumptions usually taken by default or as set by default as it might happen or it's more likely to happen in other approaches. And these assumptions are also easily reported and communicated using the type of notations I have used in these presentations. So for me, one of the advantages is also the transparency in reporting the models, the assumptions that are starting from in the analysis. And as long as they are transparently reported and then checked in sensitivity analysis, it makes sense to have sensible assumptions and more sensible models from which to start. The other advantage I see in Bayesian approaches to regression analysis is that every piece of information or data, however small, provide valid estimates. And this is because unlike in the standard approach to statistic and hypothesis testing, estimation in a Bayesian approach is not based on assumptions of underlying sampling distributions that are only plausible when samples are large or the so-called asymptotic behavior. So, however, small sample is, Bayesian estimates have a clear and valid interpretation. Obviously, there is a caveat and the caveat is that if the sample is small, the estimates are more dependent on the prior assumptions and if the prior is a bad one, the result in estimates based on small samples will be misleading. And finally, there is a great advantage in providing ranking of all the possibility of all the combination of parameter values. And as I try to emphasize the fact that we have a posterior probability of the different combination of parameter values allows to test and to report answers to different type of questions that are also more intuitive to explain and report to not just other researchers but laypersons. So, the type of inference and the type of messages that we can provide, it's also more intuitive. And again, it also focuses on issues of uncertainty and probability that allows to focus on the strength of effects, for example, in clearer ways and in ways that are more easily understandable for not just statisticians or researchers. So, this has been a very quick overview of regression models and there's a lot more to be said and done. But I hope this was useful. And if you found these presentations useful, please also look at the exercises I provided with this module. And for other material and other resources about research methods, please look at the web page of the National Center for Research Methods. Thank you very much. Bye.