C-pop superstar Jackson Wang just got real candid and spoke his mind to his fans at a concert in London and the internet is going nuts. Yeah, he gave a seven-minute speech. It was about celebrity chasing your goals, but the part that went viral was the part where he said, My name is Jackson Wang. I'm proud of being from China regardless of what the media says. Yeah, all right, everybody. So we're about to play the clip. But if you're a fan of Jackson Wang or interested to hear all the different perspectives and hear what we got to say about this, please hit that like button right now. Let's run the clip. A lot of times when they hype up celebrities, hype up like artists too much. Yo, what do we do? We sing, we dance, we do music. That's it. There's so much f*****g media talking about f*****g media. It's not going to change. Man, as is with anything Chinese, there was such a range of reactions. Some people agreed, some people disagreed, some people were in the middle. And I will say this, most of the talk and debate was from people that were kind of like part of the Chinese world because Jackson Wang obviously mostly known amongst Chinese people, right? But you're saying Billy Bob from Texas, he wasn't interested in what Jackson Wang had to say. He wasn't watching this concert in London. It's possible that he was, but not that likely. So let's get into the main responses.  So just think about that when you're having freedom of speech in London. Isn't that hypocritical? And then someone was like, yeah, don't let the Western media make you ashamed of being Chinese. It is a great civilization and we have a lot to be proud of. Some people were like, oh my gosh, she's drinking on stage. Is he an alcoholic? This reminds me of Kanye of the Grammys with the Taylor Swift thing. And then someone else said, well, anybody can say anything good about their mother country if they're incentivized properly. If I was a pop star, yeah, I'd probably be pretty positive too. Somebody said, hey man, all countries have good parts and bad parts, but the truth is in the West, you're only allowed to say the bad parts about China. You're not allowed to say anything good. All he said was like a little bit of good things. That's it. And then someone said, now I can tell this is all about the money for Jackson, just like it was for Eileen Gu in LeBron James. Anybody, any celebrity that doesn't say anything bad, that doesn't stand up to China is doing it for the mula. Somebody said, hey man, regardless of whether you agree or disagree with Jackson Wang, you have to give him props for just standing up for what he said. Because it's clearly that his country of origin is like being vilified in the Western media. Yeah, I don't know. I'm just proud that he just stood up and actually said something. Asians are always so weak and like Chinese are always so demure. And then finally someone was just like, I don't know. What do you say that was that bad, man? Pretty much he just said, yeah, there's probably an anti-China bias in the Western media. But if you visit China, it's not as bad as you think. It's pretty dope. Yeah, honestly, I think this got blown out of proportion. Maybe not blown out of proportion, I shouldn't say, but just got so much media attention because of the way he said it. If he would have used different language or he wasn't drinking the henny on stage, I literally think people would just be like, oh yeah, he just made like a statement that kind of like I thought someone was going to make earlier. But literally he's like the first guy to make it in a while.  There's a lot of different perspectives on the same issue. Like we said, there's a spectrum. Some people are going to agree with him. Some people are going to be 50-50. And some people are going to super disagree with him, obviously. Yeah, I mean he's like a westernized Chinese guy who's just feeling proud and doesn't want to say anything bad. Obviously for a number of reasons, right?  We're visiting doing an Asia World tour and I was actually messaging with Jackson Wang. This is back when he was in God 7. Because we know through a friend of a friend. Yeah, I met him through a friend of a friend and I was talking to him to try to get him into a video at the time and talk about like his kind of pop career. And we never really got to meet up and we never did the video. But just chatting with him for those couple days, I could tell you he was a really authentic person. Like he is very westernized, right? The way he talks is kind of like kind of a Canadian or Chinese American bro.  He's just like, man, but he was just always very authentic. And it's that similar voice that I heard on stage that I feel like he's just like, he was just like, man, I'm just sick of this man. And that's a very western thing what he did. It's true that it's very American to step on stage and be like, nah, man, I'm tired of this. Let me tell you how I feel. He got to have a Tupac moment. Kind of, you know, so I do think that it was cool to see whether or not you agree. I mean, I guess to me it's not really that big of a deal other than like the format that he gave it in. And also I think obviously some people were mentioning the shirt that he was wearing. It just seemed like really crazy. It looked almost like a Final Fantasy character saying something like that. But I would say this, it's like, he's just representing a pretty moderate perspective that I guess is like just opposite of what the main perspective in the West right now. It was kind of like a fiery moderate perspective. But I guess, David, what does this really come down to that we always talk about on the channel? Like the main point that this really goes down to. Like I said, man, whether you agree with him, disagree with him or you're 50-50 or you have another opinion that wasn't even on the chart, on the triangulation or whatever. And like I said, most of this arguing on the internet that took place after this clip went viral was from different like sides of the Chinese diaspora, right? Being Chinese is just super, super complicated. And I think that that's why most ABCs are American born Chinese. Just try to opt out of it because you have to do so much research. You have to do so much soul searching or whatever to even have a formed opinion on this that most people just try to detach themselves from this whole discussion. Yeah, I mean, I can see from my ABC friends, a lot of people, they don't even want to deal with it to think about it. So they don't even try to engage with any of their friends who are saying something bad about China. Yeah, I don't even think they would comment on this because they wouldn't like, you know what I'm saying? Yeah, but I'm saying even if you have a friend that says something about bad about China, like on their IG story, like you're just not even going to respond or engage because you don't even want to have this talk because you don't even fully know how you feel. Or if you feel like you want to defend China but you just don't even want to open up that can of worms.  Well, the truth is it is really complex though, right? In the reality of it, it is complex. For sure. For sure. China is the most polarizing country right now. Listen, listen. It's this country that is supposed to take over the world, but at the same time everyone's also saying it's going to collapse. And then everybody also thinks that you can beat up any singular Chinese person that you ever meet on the street in America. Like everybody thinks they could beat up a Chinese person. Right, but it's the big dog that's going to infiltrate America and take over America with the AI in the trade. It's very, very, very convoluted. And then also it's like everybody likes Chinese food, but Chinese food doesn't represent China of course, but then do Chinese people. And then, oh, are you a Chinese national? But then all the brands want to celebrate the new year. Yeah, yeah. And then you can't buy property in Texas if you're Chinese national now, but what does that mean? And all this other stuff, Chinese students and scientists are trying to head back to China. But then Chinese people that are part of the diaspora, as long as you don't mention and get political, then you're cool as long as you're westernized enough. But if you mention anything that's like even 50-50 politically, you're an op of the West and it's very, very, very cool. So what I see a lot of other ABCs do is just like, listen, I'm just going to eat the food and celebrate Chinese New Year. I'll call it Chinese New Year even, but I'm just going to eat the food. I just don't want to talk about it, man. This is beyond me. And it's true because a lot of people think they cannot impact the situation. Now I believe as a singular American, no matter what color you are, you cannot impact the situation. However, it's kind of weird and I'll just say this, that you can be affected on a negative side sometimes and it feels that way. Right, right. Yeah, you can't really make it better, but you can just feel the downside. Yeah. And I think that that's why most ABCs try to detach themselves from the whole thing. Anyway, guys, let us know what you thought a Jackson-Wang thing in the comment section below. And also let us know about basically just our theory or just our assertion that just being Chinese, whatever that means, whether you're talking about Sino or this or that or just using characters to describe whatever it means to be Chinese, because you could be from a bunch of different places and be Chinese. Just let us know what you think in the comment section below because honestly, everything just sparks a huge internet debate nowadays. Also, I want to know how you personally deal with being Chinese right now or how you deal with your Chinese identity. Maybe you're like, hey, I'm Chinese blood, but I don't give an F about all that stuff. Maybe that's fine. Just let us know in the comments down below. I'd like to hear it because obviously I know a lot of people watching this video probably are of some type of Chinese descent. So let us know. Hit that like button and we are the Hop Pop Boys. Until next time, we out. Peace.


What's the word y'all welcome back to call game Kenny for real whatever you want to call it We had three games today two of them nasty televised and they were pretty fun But I couldn't even enjoy it be sure to leave a like on the video subscribe if you are new I'm definitely gonna be given a lot of NBA opinions in today's video. You may disagree that's completely okay use that comment section We have built this community of rational NBA fans that could disagree and still have this conversation So be heard in that comment section the reason why I could not enjoy these games is because of the call It is so crazy how the nasty televised games are so much worse on the commentary than just like individual team Commentators, and I know they are at a disadvantage because they're doing remotely But whether you're in the arena or in your bedroom. There is no excuse To continue to call the nastest onto the combo the younger on time to combo like what? How do you say that five times in the game and none of your producers in your IV is like yo, yo Chris He's not he's actually the oldest he's actually the every time the nasa's touched the ball did anything Well, he's actually younger on to the code. No, he is not He's just not and then you throw that on top of them talking over each other the weird mouth sounds you it was ASMR But I don't want to just mute the game because I like hearing the squeaking of the shoes He's just hearing about ball bounces part of basketball So I couldn't really enjoy too much But I guess that leaves us to talking about this first game Which is the Lakers getting a win over the Milwaukee Bucks And I think the title this video has to do it are the Lakers still the favorite to win it all Because obviously the booking that's made significant moves with their three all-stars I shoot three superstar players the Bucks are a championship quality team And there are a lot of things going on around the league when it comes to get tenders But games like this have me somewhat convinced that I would still probably put my money on the Lakers to win it all and I know that's saying a lot Especially when you consider Brooklyn and how good they could potentially be But this is like just such a complete team Anthony Davis so far this season hasn't been the Anthony Davis that we know and it hasn't really mattered LeBron has coasted through most of this season except for the ones where he's like going against Yanis because I think I think him and Yanis got a little beef especially since the crown incident So he makes sure that he comes out to play against Yanis And when he wants to come out to play where he's an MVP player again And that's probably one of the reasons why if I'm ending the season right now He is still top three in MVP even though he has been coasting He might be number one in MVP honestly Because when he is coasting He hits that switch in a lot of these quarters the fourth quarter whether it be like against the grizzies against the bulls You know those are games that were close through three quarters. The LeBron is like, okay I'll play basketball today was one of those days like I'm gonna play basketball from the start And just remind people at home that I'm still the best player in the league It just it just was that and then not to mention They just have so many weapons of players that played that role didn't shooter bad game from him But guess what alice caruso came in and played amazing defense was getting steals getting rebounds playing alice caruso type ball And cow kuzma though he finished with five points a shot 33 percent from the field his impact was felt When kuzma plays defense, you can notice it and as long as kuzma's playing at least decent defense He's getting rebounds. He's chasing loose balls.  So all that being said let me know in the comment section. We think about the lakers Are they still the favorite but let me let me talk about the other team here because well I'm a little bit afraid from the bucks Now i don't want to beat a dead horse because we talked about the bucks and their struggles when they do struggle A decent amount and you know what i feel kind of like a hypocrite because when the bucks are playing really good I find myself just kind of being like it's the bucks. You know what i'm saying? They'll be good But when they end up being bad i come out here and talk about it So my apologies But a lot of things that that we see as i see is the problem with the milwaukee bucks came to the surface today And it has to do with the way they defend they put together this defense over the past couple years That turns out to be top five number one defense in the league But there are big holes in it right when they're going against these great teams like the lakers like like um I guess i'm counting the utah jazz and it's two when they go against these great teams They get absolutely torched from the three point line Thinking about their losses this season at least in their recent losses all of them have come From the top three-point shooting teams in the league They give up these open shots and you know what part of this has to do mic boon hoser again I don't want to beat a dead horse because we talked about how I think that if mic boon hoser is a coach of this team I don't know how they win a championship But his defensive scheme just allows so many open threes and the great teams are going to hit those The reason that they lost in the finals wasn't just because the defense built the wall and prevented them from scoring They also gave up a ton a ton of shots to the miami heat and that came To reality again today kcp had possessions In that corner where he caught the ball. He thought about what he was going to eat for dinner He sat his feet. He checked the temperature in the arena and then shot the ball He had so much time the closest defender didn't even want to close out But that is the type of defense that this team plays Against the average and below average teams. This will work 90 percent of the time But when you go against the elite of the elites, it just will not work And that is just their defense. I want to talk on the offensive side of the ball Yannis took a step back these last couple days, bro. I'm being honest with you Earlier in the season he wasn't playing like i'm going to dribble through you And i'm either going to get called for a charge or the ref is going to call the block All of this game he was just trying to go straight through people and earlier in the season He wasn't really doing it In this game for some reason whether he was in his own mind He was like I got to go straight to the basket straight to the basket And that's how you end up with seven turnovers In the first half and again that goes to why I say the Lakers are still a favorite They played amazing defense to force him to have seven turnovers and him not to have his second free throw tip until the second half We're talking about yannis here who's drawn some of the most fouls in the league It's just the offense is very weird Chris chris middleton as good as he is as lethal as he is this game Particularly he wasn't as aggressive if you want him to be um, I don't understand what tori craig Why tori craig doesn't get any minutes in a regular season game But the nazis does and the nazis wasn't terrible today But tori craig was playing like decent amount of minutes on a team that went to the conference finals last year He was starting for a good majority of that season before geary harris came back But he can't he's getting dmp's coach's decision And I had to make sure that he wasn't like entered or something He got clear like last week and he still can't get pt And it's confusing to me especially since the rest of their team on the bench Like the guys that they signed two hit three pointers aren't hitting three pointers So tori craig can like help you defensively and the last thing I want to say about this game I know it's a lot, but I mean it was the biggest game of the night is the last two games Against brooklyn and against the lakers in this one When it came down to the nitty gritty the last couple possessions when it was a close game I don't know how we have a defensive player the year player Not guarding the other team's best player or even close to it. Anthony today who's been guarded by pat conaton Which is very weird to me, but pat conaton held his own No, this is back to pat conaton. He was holding his own again. Anthony davis and have a good game But he was and the yannis wasn't guarding anthony davis or lebron and then the previous game When they hit the big shot Yannis was guarding jeff green if i'm not mistaken and I understand he plays like I think his role on the milwaukey bucks is the safety in the passing lanes help defense He's amazing at but when the team needs a stop I would want my defensive player of the year player guarding the ball, right? I know yannis ain't the most laterally quick, but it's lebron. It's not like we got I'm asking him to guard kairi I'm just I don't know. Let me know in the comment section you think about that But I would like to see the defensive player of the year get like good defensive plays Late in the games get the stops that you need Um the next nasi televised game was the jazz getting a win over the pelicans and Jazz fandom has been all in my mentions over the past couple weeks like talk about us talk about us talk about us Here we go. I'm happy to see y'all having this type of resurgence after what happened in the bubble and a lot of that Um, the three one lee i'm not solely basing on boyan. I'll be in there But obviously he was a 20 point per game score for y'all and everything This year seems like a year of chemistry for y'all But I don't want to sit here and talk about y'all being a contender just yet Because even last year y'all went on like a 12 game win streak and I was super excited about y'all back then I just want to see y'all put it together in the postseason. That's all I really care about You know i'm saying i'm happy to see mike holly playing better I'm I'm I guess right now jordan claus will be like top three and in six-minute year Maybe number one, but then again like chris boucher and stuff like that He's having such a great season and and he is a streaky type shooter I would hate for him to play this well this early in the season and have the middle of the season He's kind of bad and then you get to the playoffs and then he's you know, you know I'm saying um, but I'm happy to see you guys playing so so very well Dono Mitchell had a superstar caliber night today from dropping to kill alexander walker To doing some of those wraparound passes. He's done over the past week or so And he's just playing overall great basketball Me and my girlfriend watched the first half of this game together and and I was telling her or you know Just having banter talk telling her or teaching her about the game basketball And I was talking about how bad of a shooting team the pelicans were and the pelicans came out and became the best Shooting team at least in the first quarter and she was like Are they going to continue this and I was like no the jazz is a good defense They're going to adjust and they did and it was like night and day between the first quarter to the next three quarters They clamped up on the defense side of all we go bare head another good game and Donovan Mitchell Joe Ingalls off the bench has been working very well for them Derek favorites in the limited minutes that he is playing. He still holds his own down low Especially against a team that was trying to bully them down low. So overall good win. I'm happy for y'all Bojan has been as great this season as he was last year But I'm sure with a little bit more repetition because I mean he was one of those players That basically hasn't played basketball since march Since the initial shutdown because he had his surgery So he basically went eight or eight or so much without playing professional basketball So I'm sure he'll get back into it But I like that this team is being competitive and they're playing very very well Talk to me again once we're later in the season or we're in playoff time And we'll see how much of what we're seeing right now is real versus Something else, you know, I'm saying but congratulations on being I guess the second best team in the league record-wise So quickly talking about the pelicans Like I told my girlfriend that shooting in that first quarter was a fluke Is just not who they are and then they they revert it back to the old sales where Eric Bledsoe It's kind of like the scapegoat a lot of times were two seconds on the shot clock They just give it to him like he's the vet just shoot it just shoot it just shoot it And he does shoot it and it's it's a brick. I mean Brandon Ingram and Zion both are such great players The rest of the team just isn't orchestrated well around them, but in due time That's what I feel like I feel like in due time things will eventually turn Um, I'm Stephen Adams as good as he is it still surprised me that they they extended him so quickly Um, again, he is a very good player But when you you're playing with Zion and a bunch of non-shooters Stephen Adams is kind of a weird player to have there So that's all we have to say about the pelts and then this last game bro.  I'm sorry. This was the weirdest officiated game I've ever seen at least in this season in recent history Every couple seconds was a whistle and it led to Draymond Green getting ejected but fouls on fouls on fouls I'm like bro. Give it a rest Nobody's here to watch you blow your whistle mr. Referee And I'm not saying he favored one team or another but it was just hard to watch visually It wasn't a good game shout out to rj barron who's playing with way more confidence this season than last year It's all you want from your from your young up-and-coming players and then julia's rando having another good game I don't know how Draymond green got ejected in this one. That's all I really have to say Thank you so much for watching this episode if you enjoyed it Be sure to leave it a like and I'll see y'all very soon call game


Metal Organic Frameworks, MOFs, have been investigated extensively for use in biomedical applications due to their unique properties such as high surface area, porosity, and tunable pore size. These features make them ideal candidates for drug delivery, protein and nucleic acid encapsulation and intracellular delivery. Recently, several strategies have been developed to functionalize MOFs with therapeutic agents including surface adsorption, pore encapsulation, covalent binding, and functional molecules as building blocks. The most recent biological applications of MOFs include intracellular delivery of drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, particularly aptomers. Challenges and prospects are also discussed to provide context for future development of MOFs as efficient drug delivery systems. This article was authored by UJS Sun, Li Weijing, Yu Yang, and others.


Have you been thinking about where you plan to go fishing once the ice melts? For me, I plan to seek out a beaver dam like the one here behind me. Beaver dams are located in many Wyoming riparian areas and alter several functions of the stream or river. These include hydrology, stream morphology, ecology, and biochemical processes. These engineering marvels greatly impact the area in which they are built, meaning they are either loved or hated depending on where they are constructed. These build dams to provide a spot where they can store their food supply in the winter. These usually include cut stems of willows, aspens, or cottonwoods. This supply is called a cache and is placed in the deepest part of the dam so it can be accessed when the surface of the resulting pond freezes. Dams are built from sticks, mud, and logs and vary in size and shape. Some dams can be as large as six feet tall. So the next time you're near a riparian area in Wyoming, keep your eye out for these feats of engineering. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Rachel Miller, Exploring the Nature of Wyoming.


In the sentence, they exist quite independently of other people, we have an adverb phrase. To understand its internal structure, let's build it step by step. Clearly, QUITE is a degree adverb which modifies the adverb independently. So the head is the adverb and we get an adverb phrase. But what happens if we add the prepositional phrase of other people, whose internal structure doesn't matter here and can thus be presented as a triangle? Which node is the prepositional phrase's mother node? Clearly, the prepositional phrase must form a constituent with independently. If we apply the proform test, we see that we can replace the whole construction independently of other people by so. In other words, we have to redraw the tree. Here is the categorical analysis again and now the expanded phrasal analysis. As a result, we now have two adverb phrases, the highest one with a degree adverb as a modifier and the internal one with a head and an optional extension. And as suggested by Chomsky in 1970, we refer to the internal one as adverb bar, which today is more conveniently spelled as adverb with an apostrophe.


okay cross snake to the wrist I'm going to drive and break them down here oh ankles crossed all right right into my leg ride then I'm going to come up under the chin see how my chest is still high still got a lot of weight on his low back I don't get here and then put all the weight on my knees you just start building this base or getting the strong position yeah I don't want to be there I don't want to be here big chest dig up under the chin make him look at my bicep and I'm just going to shock his back break that head across keep footballing ahead if you need to roll it roll it to get your points for the most part when I get here I'm in pretty good shape okay I'm getting my near fall so start from the top cross the body elbow digs in the armpit snake to the wrist all right good boy Jason so here's the whole drill go as slow as you need to all right double thigh right hand okay swing toe on the mat safety stand up arm across digging the armpit snake to the wrist I'm driving off my toes pulling that table leg in the minute he goes to his belly ankles cross chest gets high I got a lot of pressure on him now okay and I just reach back start making him look at my bicep shock his back get my knees wide start footballing that head start getting my criteria see I'm kind of like dropping my shoulder my chest right here on that inside shoulder I'm not going to pin them there I'm just trying to get my points good bless us all right let's go


Thank you chair and thank you for my previous speakers. Thank you all for Pitching up for what must be the graveyard shift now, and I'm glad the speakers before me We're able to keep you in twos to listen up to the stage This feels like a bit of a break session now at Brazil and Brazil and South Africa here my experience has been in government and I've keep wondering what has A friend done to me by inviting me to this conference. I'm meeting a sea of economists My background is in economic history, but I've worked in the presidency's office for quite a while So I'm a consumer of your work of economists and economic analysis we South Africa has been through a number of different plans since 1994 And I think we've you know often we've also solved whether these things have had any impact whatsoever and whether the past is looking whether the future is looking like the past as Garfield and his friend have been wondering here as well Having listened carefully to a lot of the discussion today I think there's a lot we can pick up but there's a lot that I want to also place before you as some of the challenges That our country has had to face We've had as I said an alphabet soup of plans. We've had the RDP gear ski-saw NGP I PAP NDP I'll come and explain them briefly, but I'm gonna deviate slightly from my paper and just look a little bit in detail at the developmental state and then look at Some of the contestation around the national development plan that we've had in South Africa I think some of you may know that the reconstruction and development program was launched just as the ANC came into power in 1994 it was arrived at through a quite Deep debates and discussions within what's referred to as the trapezoid alliance between the ANC the communist party and Kosal to the major trade union federation Very ambitious aimed at undoing the legacies of apartheid which were deep I think Martin de Villon had mentioned the issue about blaming Colonialism I'm afraid when you're trying to transform societies that have been subjected to centuries of colonialism It takes a while undoing that we feel that we still undoing that 20 years after democracy The RDP itself as indicated was arrived at through a lot of consensus and we brought into government at that time this deep sort Of process of democratizing and consulting and so forth so after two years Two years after 1994 the Minister of Housing of India was visiting and we were quite impressed with the housing program that we had rolling out houses by the thousands and After a couple of days people asking what's his impression and you know he says the problem with you South Africa's is that When you want to scratch your left ear you debate whether you should do it to the right hand Your left hand and then you appoint a commission you get a consultant and after a whole democratic process You think it's most effective to do it with your right hand and scratch your ear Just go and implement and this is one lesson I hope that wish we had learned at that point in time because we've continued producing plants and I think Implementation continues being one of the problem to now come back to that under the NDP the next major plan Some people see it almost as a rebuff to the reconstruction development program that had been developed as I said with the chocolate that alliance was gear the growth employment and redistribution framework Nelson Mandela opening Parliament in 1996 that we need a national vision to lift us out of this quagmire because we had realized There are just so many obstacles we had to be overcoming as a country in dealing with apartheid and You know, there's all kinds of prisons of gear that it was hatched in some dark room and all boys club and a new boys club It was a self-imposed structural adjustment program Etc. Etc. Now, I think you know that a lot of it love the program itself is associated with carbon Becky Who tried to argue? And this is a quotation from a speech you made at the Congress of the South African Communist Party where you're saying that look guys We had the RDP and what gear has done is trying to convert that into numbers He obviously had difficulty convincing a lot of people around that so up to today even You know a number of years that have gone by 14 or somewhat years If you if they if you want to have a career limiting move or you're gonna be unpopular in the left circle They'll tell you that you'd a gear a Parachute and you a pro gear or whatever and up to today that divide continues Between people of a pro gear active gear and so forth a Couple of years later in looking in trying to assess the implementation of gear there's a realization that there were certain binding constraints to the South African economy and One of that and this resulted in a deep evaluation of it Unfortunately again, you had a whole bunch of American professors consultants coming in and advising Treasury national treasure at that time and the presidency and so we had the what was called the accelerated shared growth initiative of South Africa as he saw we're very good at acronyms, by the way, sir and Gear as he saw etc But obviously this was dealing with macroeconomic issues infrastructure programs Industrial strategies skills and education intervention, but an important one I want to just touch on here And that is the second economy And I think some of you may have come across the term it was used by disraeli at some point to look at the Differences between majority of people that are poor Difficult to get out of a poverty trap and those that are in a kind of advanced economy side of the same society Now this connection between the second economy and the developed part of South Africa has Bedeviled all our planning and has been at the heart of a lot of our thinking as well More recently as in 2007 There was what's referred to as the industrial policy action plan that emerged out of as geysers Realization that we did need to focus on particular sectors And especially the ones where we had competitive advantages those that were labor intensive but also in dealing with Industrial financing trying to foster research and development which as a percentage of GDP had been going downwards addressing the spatial inequalities of apartheid That you know again, it's going to take us decades to move because if you remember that South Africa was one of the most perfectly segregated societies Blacks hardly ever moved into whites whites Maybe you'll count them by a finger On your hands. How many white families moved into black areas, etc. I think black economic empowerment to maybe a term that you may be familiar with we're looking at how we can improve the The level of equity level of access to the economy, but also representivity within the labor force, especially at the level of management and In 2009 when President Zuma came into power he came in through a process of removing power boom-bakey in the ANC conference Having an unwieldy alliance that brought him in as the head of ANC and then became president of the ANC in 2009 and he had a whole range of Elements in his cabinet some coming directly from the trade unions others from the Communist Party and other remnants from the Bakie cabinet One of the roles that is given to one of the new ministers had a trading background was to develop a new growth part Mentioned it because this ideological inclination obviously play a big role even within a one the same party in the same organization So a new growth part was set up looking at the problem I think a number of papers if you've been through any of the sessions previously on South Africa's labor statistics growing unemployment unable to deal with the kind of external Shocks but also unable to absorb those that were unskilled Whereas there was growth in the economy of new jobs. It's particularly Semiscaled and skilled labor. So unemployment a big challenge and the new growth part was supposed to address that Okay, now my slide diversion from the paper It'll take two minutes as a commercial and then we get back on to the national development plan I think a number of you may be aware of the concept of the developmental state It's emerged not so much as something that was well thought through but as a strategy that was developed by especially North Asian Country, not these Asian countries became very famous with Chalmers Johnson's 1982 assessment of Michi's role in Japan and the way it helped lift Japan Then Robert Wade's report on govern the market What was clear was that these countries differed in political systems some autocratic some with military some with democratic They differed on the dependence on international capital markets state on enterprise industrial strategies FDI Linda vice has been quite good at Debunking some of the much that they're not necessarily authoritarian It's not necessarily top-down centralized planning. It's like it wasn't Trade-off there isn't a trade-off between wealth and equity for growth It wasn't just about getting the politics right nor was it a unitary totality leading massive engineering The common denominator one of those that vice Identified is an external impetus. We're talking about on the security side Taiwan vis-a-vis China Korea, North Korea, Singapore vis-a-vis Malaysia And then the external impetus in China the whole catch up catch up to the West Other features of the development state as a strategic industrial policy Identifying where they could focus focus their resources in the comparative boundaries and then it's an incentive structure linked to performance so that you which had protection that has time limited and then at the sort of guidance which is actually Quite subtle most times and other times a little bit more rough and pushy in the way in the kind of role that they would want international Place to complain But I think the most important thing was state capacity, but state capacity has extended as indicated to people being to think of it as an authority It was state's prioritization Having political will needing to institutionalize a commitment a shared background of the professional cadres a number of them that were involved Either had studied together or had been in the military together in different planning section And then having a pilot agency like the renamed Japan's met you or Taiwan's IDB Okay, so coming back to South Africa the development think you're on the developmental state was Influencing a lot of the planners and so 2009 you have a new minister that's been appointed a minister with the previous minister of finance appointed to draw up a national development plan Comes out to the diagnostic report in 2011 and these are the kind of broad areas I think again, you know the kind of issues that we've been trying to cover with all the other plans that have come up the approach that that has taken was and does a six-point approach one was Uniting also africans around a common program achieving active citizenry bringing about fast economic growth through higher investment greater labor absorption focusing on the capable of people and then developing a capable and developmental state and Encouraging strong leadership throughout society leadership has become a big issue in the document Especially at local level schools level hospitals level and so where there's been a breakdown in many of the facets of leadership and management there The targets that we established reducing the proportion of people living below the live level of 480 in the 2009 figures From the current 39% to the population of the population is zero reducing unemployment to 6% in 2030 by creating 11 million jobs Manufacturing sectors growing by 50% along the lines of IPAP and the new growth part and then most importantly And this is the very direct poverty reduction areas reducing the cost of living my Containing price of basic commodities spatial interventions as I mentioned the part date intervention meant that the poorest work Has actually lived the furthest away from workplaces Hence focusing on transport improving the social safety net and free basic services This really unleashed the mother of all battles on the political side and all interestingly within the spectrum of the Trapatite Alliance One of the friends of the NDP and I think sometimes you wish you don't have friends from your from the certain quarters Was the leader of the Democratic Alliance? And I think the ANC at a point when it needed more friends from the trade union side Had a friend from the opposition side, which is still a largely white opposition party the Communist Party itself was Dismissive not willing to engage it saying it is pathetic weak on re-industrialization And then the trade union said that you know the definition of unemployment was too narrow It's taller 11 jobs too many low quality and unsustainable jobs as opposed to decent work Also depends disproportionate on exports SMME in service sectors unlike IPAP and NDP which focuses more on re-industrializing and then the NDP except the high level of inequality persisting until 2030 Currently our Jenny coefficient is about zero point six nine and the NDP says that we could probably reach zero point six by 2030 so obviously this of felt was not ambitious enough Okay to rush them to the conclusion and As I raised the question about do processes matter I think this is quite important especially given I think talking to the Brazilian experience as well There's a certain process that was followed, but does it matter the way? In the way the plan is implemented Certain process can stymie implementation like the attempt to try and arrive at a consensus position within the tripartite alliance People say well, you know, we need to find a way to moving on The my boss the executive director of mr. Institute said that it was the first time I realized there's a collective known for For cats he said there's a cloud of cats that we're trying to put together in trying to get the trade unions There's Communist Party in the ANC to agree on the process that we're going to be embarking on to agree on a particular program But on the other hand you may find that there was in the countries that were able to successfully Move from one generation of growth to another like Taiwan Korea and Japan It lost largely from the elite deciding to take action and moving ahead. So I think the whole Contestation what a democratic process or one that is elite driven. It'll be useful to discuss Content I think you know ideological leaning obviously has a big role to play versus the need for sharply focused Interventions that all parties can agree on it's not that easy to arrive at as we've seen with example that I have described Context and I think this again talks to the Brazilian paper whether the context of Rising global commodities makes a big difference or not in the Brazilian case It may have may have assisted in ensuring that the kind of growth that we did But South Africa was faced with the similar context and obviously did not take advantage of that and then obviously the regional economic development impact This is again a Related question to process because you know we need in having begun some of the plans There was a realization over this period that we need to have worked out our targets very clearly on the Specific intervention of making and we did not especially around the reconstruction development program and then required Post hoc justification of the figures that we're able to reach So that's in conclusion. I would like to say that the national development program is very much work in progress I look forward to your comments. Thank you


In this video, I'm going to talk about the properties of exponents. I'm going to talk about three properties, these aren't all of them, just three of them. I'm going to talk about the product of powers, the quotient of powers, and the power of powers. And I'm going to do this in two different ways. The first thing I'm going to do is I'm going to talk about the algebra behind this. I'm going to use a bunch of variables to kind of explain in general how these work. And then I'm actually going to do examples with numbers. So that's kind of how I'm going to do this. But first what I want to do is I'm going to go over just a little bit of vocabulary with exponents. Whenever you do exponents, you've got to kind of remind yourself of some of the vocabulary. So if I have an exponent, if I have some number, we'll call it B, some number to some power is always going to be equal to an answer. So these are the variables that I use when explaining exponents. If I have a number to some power, it's going to be equal to an answer. So this could be 5 to the second power is equal to 25. Something to that effect. Now the reason I use BX and A is because B is the base. B, that number is what we call the base. So in this example down here, 5 is the base. This X up here, that's the base. This X up here we call the exponent. Or we call it the power.  Either one of those works. But in this case with this number, example 2 is your exponent. And then I use A for answer. A for answer. And in this case the 25 down here is your answer. So that's the vocabulary I'm going to use. Base, exponent or power. Either one and an answer here. And again it's always good to go over some of that vocabulary. It might have been a while since you've seen exponents. Okay. Now for the product of powers. For the product rule. Basically what the product rule says is that if you are multiplying either variables or numbers, it doesn't matter which, if you're multiplying with like bases you need to add the exponents. So let's give an algebraic example. So if I have some base to some power times some base to a different power. Notice I'm using Y for kind of a different power. Okay, so if I have a base and a base these two numbers are the same and I'm multiplying them together the product of power rules tells me that all I really need to do is just add the exponents together. So this just tells me that this is going to be B to the X plus Y. Notice that that X plus Y is raised up in the exponent position. Okay, now this explanation of it is kind of confusing because we have all sorts of variables in here so let's put some numbers in here. So for example let's do, let's have my base be a 3. So what if I have 3 to the second power times 3 to the fifth power. 3 to the second power and 3 to the fifth power. Okay, like bases, the rule is if I have like bases then I can take the exponents and add them together. So this is going to be 3 to the seventh power. 3 to the seventh power. Okay, so that's your product of powers rule. Now we can continue to evaluate that 3 to the seventh power. I don't know what that is or off the top of my head but you can continue to evaluate that but I'm just showing just the basics here. Anyway, let's move on to the quotient of powers. Now the first one product means we multiply. So notice that we multiply like bases. Quotient of powers you can imagine, quotient means divide. So I'm going to divide power. So I'm going to use some of the same variables. What's going to be just a little bit different. Quotient of powers, that rule tells us that if you are dividing like bases then you need to subtract the exponents. If you're dividing like bases you need to subtract the exponents. So for example, if I have some number, we'll call it B to some power, call it X. Again, it's kind of similar here but instead of multiplying I'm going to divide. So I'm going to use a fraction bar to denote that I am dividing. So some number to some power divided by that same number in the same base to a different power. If I'm dividing like bases if I'm dividing like bases then that means I need to subtract my exponents. Subtract my exponents. The product rule, we added the exponents quotient rules since I'm dividing these I'm going to subtract my exponents. So I'm going to use the same numbers that I did for my previous one. Okay, so if I have 3 to the second power divided by 3 to the fifth power I'm using kind of the same numbers that I used before. I could use different ones but I'm just going to keep it the same. So in this case if I'm dividing like bases I'm going to take the exponents and subtract them. Now notice that the base for both product and quotient notice that the base hasn't changed. The base doesn't change. That's something I should have pointed out earlier. Alright, so if I have 3 to the second power divided by 3 to the fifth power like bases and we're dividing so I need to subtract my powers is going to be 3 to the negative third. 3 to the negative third. Now in a later video I will explain a little bit more about negative exponents but I'm going to leave that right there so that we can see where the negative 3 comes from. Alright, last but not least is power of powers. So notice that we've multiplied like bases we have divided like bases now we're going to do power of a power. So this one is just a little bit different. So what if I have a base to some power again using some of the same exponents or excuse me, not exponents using some of the same variables here so if I have some base to some power but then I want to take that number to yet again a different power. So this is why we call it a power of a power. This power is being taken to a power that's why it's called power of powers. I know it sounds a little bit redundant but that's kind of how we categorize this one. This type of problem. Alright, so the rule for power of powers if you are doing if an exponent is being taken to another exponent we have a power being taken to another power we need to multiply the two exponents. So this would be, this would end up being b to the x times y. Okay, so notice that there's a little bit of a pattern here if you haven't recognized it yet. Notice product b to the x plus y quotient b to the x minus y and then power b to the x times y so we're using add subtract and multiply here as you can well imagine. A little bit of a pattern there to it, not too much. If you're going to remember patterns this is actually a good method to memorize the rules for these three but that's a different story. Alright, so let's do a number example. Again the rule for this power of powers if I'm doing a power of a power I need to multiply the exponents so let's use some of the same numbers we used here if I have three to the second power to the fifth power power of a power so that two is being taken to the fifth power so I'm going to take three to the tenth power this two times five I'm going to multiply these two numbers here to get ten. Okay, those are some of the properties of exponents those are some examples of them again that's the product of powers quotient of powers and the power of powers three of the examples of properties of exponents I will be doing another video on the rest of the properties.


The Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science and the Yale Mayo Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation delivered a pilot course. The course used didactic, case-dash and problem-based learning sessions to expose students to regulatory science concepts. Students reported learning an incredible amount, 7.19, 36.8%, or a lot, 9.19, this was reflected in individual coursework and their course evaluations. This article was authored by Alexandra J. Greenberg-Warisek, Catherine E. Cornelius, Luz Cumbagasia, and others.


Good morning, physics students. It's Friday, April 10th, and we are starting the Unit 4 content. All of that Unit 4 content is now available on Blackboard, and your practice problems for day are already up and loaded along with the extra video examples for how to solve those problems. I think that you'll find the video example problems to be especially helpful, so please do take a look at those so that you can use those to help you figure out, particularly on the vector parts on the backside of today's worksheet. If you have any questions on that, please let me know. Make sure that you're doing your pre-lectures, your practice problems, and submitting those on Blackboard. I'm going to have some additional announcements I'll put out this weekend, giving you some more details about the exam. If you didn't check in with me on Wednesday, you need to still do that, otherwise your marked is not attending, and you need to read over that study guidance that was handed out in the folder for Wednesday. If you have any questions, let me know.


Well last night we learned about a portable outboard motor that was an electric motor for boats or for using as a scooter. Now I'm in the pack motor booth, I'm with Michael and Matthew Becker who are going to tell us about a dual thruster motor control system for kayaking. That's right. So we have a dual motor system for any kayak, one size fits all and it actually fit on a paddle board and canoe, anything like that and you know, if you wanted to put the paddle aside and just play around with the drone, there you go. So I'm going to describe this visually too because there's an audio audience as well. So it looks like it kind of clamps around the kayak and then it has two bars that come down each with little thrusters on the ends of those. Yeah, that's correct. So we made it design wise, really easy to install. So within five minutes you can expand the pack motor, slide onto your kayak and be ready to go. So we want it to be where you don't have to use bolts or screws into your kayak so you don't have to actually alter your kayak at all. You can just attach it and uninstall it without any damage and pack motors. Joystick controlled, there's dual thrusters so you can turn on the dime and it's very fun to use.  It's just a little joystick to just flip it around and it's a... Yeah, give me a try. Yeah, all right. Okay, let's see if I do it right, Steve. See if you can do just one motor at a time. Just one motor. You can just slam it forward or... Oh. Yeah. So wait a minute. But everything I'm doing, they're all going. So hit it to the right. Okay. Now when we go forward, this one goes right first. Okay. I'm turning. Okay. But how do I do... You said I could do one motor at a time. You got to go at an angle for that one. Oh, that's the tricky one. Okay, I'm going to try to turn. This is great for the... Oh, there we go. There we go. Oh, look at me go. One more. It's like a fan one way. Yeah. Yeah. All right, cool. So just when you drop this down on top of the... Are you sliding onto the kayak, you said? Yes. Yeah, you slide it on the back of the kayak. But if you have a situation where you want it in the front, you can also put it into the front as well. Okay, that's cool. So now it looks like this folds up pretty compact. Right. And that's how we got the name Pack Motor, actually. Because you can pack it up and put it in a backpack and you can carry it on a plane or anywhere. It's okay to fly with. I lifted it up. It's not that heavy. I lifted it up. What did it weigh? 10 pounds. Under 10 pounds. I got more than that in my backpack today. That's right. Yeah. What about... How is this powered? It's powered with any 12 volt to 18 volt battery. And so we wanted to do that so that people could go to the store and buy their own battery and marine battery and hook it up with the leads, no problem. But we also sell lithium ion battery that's higher voltage. I give you a little bit more thrust. Okay, so that's a rechargeable battery. Rechargeable, correct. And now that's kind of in a black box. Where does that go? You just throw that over the side?  It's waterproof box, so if it falls in the water it's totally okay and it floats. The good thing is if you do throw it over the side you'll be alright. Oh really? Hey, it's an anchor too. So does this box... I'm seeing that you've got the 12 volt battery and does that come with the device or that's something you buy separately? You buy that separately, yeah. It's optional. Like you said, you can just stop at Walmart and pick up a 12 volt battery. Could you put just a regular Walmart 12 volt battery in that? Absolutely. Okay, that's cool. So it gives you a lot of flexibility. Well, this is really nifty. What's your delivery date on this? We're actually already in the manufacturing now and we have a batch being in transit to us now of 200 units. We've already sold 200 units before that one on Kickstarter. So we're 500 units in right now and we're getting more orders every day. So can people buy them today? Yeah, you can visit us right online, packmotor.com and place an order. And that's P-A-C-M-O-T-O-R. Okay, P-A-C-M-O-T-O-R. All right. Well, thank you both, gentlemen. This was a lot of fun. This looks cool. I like it. I'm lazy. I think I'd like to do this. Try it out. Thank you, Allison.


And I thought that that defeated itself, but yes, that's what I mean, that when it is the time to meet and discuss something, that you tell him personally, not on the front page of all the papers, you tell him personally that you can't give this because of what he is or is not doing. I hesitate to suggest humor in the presence of people who have suffered so much, but I don't know whether you have ever heard it. I understand that this story came from the Soviet Union, and it's a story that the people themselves were telling, so maybe you know it. And it was a story about Mr. Brezhnev's elder mother being shown for the first time all that went with his new job. And so she came into Kremlin and saw the offices, and you know the story. I am so interested in getting the stories that come from the Communist Party. I think I know it. Now that he asked you, another one was told that it was not supposed to be taken from Russia, and this was supposed to be an American and a Russian debating the merits of our two countries. And the American said, in my country, I can walk into the Oval Office, I can pound the desk, and I can say, President Reagan, I don't like the way you're running our country. And the Russian said, I could do that too. Is there anyone here who doesn't know it? Russia, when he explained that they used to do the same thing, he said he could do the same thing as Kremlin. How did Mr. Brezhnev just say, I don't like the way you're running our country? He animates you. Question, what is Brezhnev's morning beginning with? Answer, with reanimation. So in some of the last castes, what he was doing in the last year as President, he was telling stories. The Soviet political system is a very special kind of system, it's an atheistic system. Neither Brezhnev nor his colleagues believe in spiritual values. This is why for so many years they've waged a pitiless struggle against Christianity and other religions. That means you must not believe in spiritual values. They only understand the severe work in a positional strength. Right now we know of 300 believers, Christians in there. Of them, 150 about this. Many are in horrible conditions and died in hard legal camps from lack of medical care. And I think the private conversation, perhaps I should raise the question in particular of the Soviet Orthodox priest Yekhovna. That is the priest Yekhovna. He's suffering from cancer this time. I think that the issue of religious freedom in the Soviet Union is very important for America, because what started there can come here. The whole world looks at America as a country of great freedom. God is less than America. For 200 years America had extraordinary freedom of religion. No other country has ever had such freedom. That is why God has put a great responsibility on you and your country for the freedom of the world. According to a Jewish tradition, one has to have the so-called meaning that is letting people come together for a prayer. It's practically out of that. I completely agree with what was said. But the situation with Jewish religion in the Soviet Union is heaving and completely extinguished. There is no talk of Jewish religion because it is outlawed and it is condemned as a bloodthirsty religion. And I would like to pick up the point about personalities. I want to stress that this is not really the question of personalities. In the Soviet Union there exists no legality. There is no possibility to implement the laws that are already written down in the constitution. However, due to this fact, due to the fact that everybody must be silent, the law of special people who dare to speak out is enormous, because they speak for the whole community, for the whole people. And that is why to say Saka is not to say some one person, but to be called to every country. And I would like to mention the name of another leader who is the Saka for the Jewish immigration movement, who is, for now, Dr. Victor Beribolsky. Because I want to mention that since he was arrested, every Jewish activity was absolutely stoned. Because now everybody thinks that he was arrested, as they know. In the United States, allowed to pass it by, nobody is safe, nobody can speak out. So I really think that if the leaders are not safe, there is a true danger that the whole country will become a second country as it was established. This is the society upside down. And the lack of faith of the leaders is the fate of this nation. People have the right to their homes and to be the owners of their land, in South America and in South Atlantic. But he forgot to say that the USSR also requires the people to be the owners of their land, both in Europe and in Afghanistan. He only knows that in the whole world to protect the people's rights, but his own country ignites other peoples of the Soviet Union. Mr. President, I would like to tell a sort of a sad joke here. On the 5th of this month, Mr. Petrovnev received representatives from Nicaragua, and he talked to them about their right for their homeland and their country. But it is true that he is forgetting the fact that that wish and that law is not maintained in the Soviet Union. He is forgetting Europe, he is forgetting Afghanistan, he is forgetting people in the Soviet Union itself. He sees only the oppression of other people by others, but he does not see oppression in his own country. When he talks about freedom in Nicaragua and freedom in Cuba, he should always be reminded of the absence of freedom in his own country, and this is the only way he understands. And the statement here was made that we are here to talk to you about our people. Yes, and we are not known or felt much of what you've said about the inhumanity of that government, where it comes from. I wonder looking at what we saw in court when the pope visited there, if maybe the answer can't be to reawaken among the people something that still is there and that is a hunger for God. I must say that the people of the Soviet Union, the Russians, the Ukrainians and others are really tired of it. Even among youth there is a yearning for Christian values. And the persecution of Christians is due to the fact that the government fears, the fact that it cannot convince the population of the rightness of this country. The existence of prisons and camps for the leaders is proof not of the strength or the weakness of the Soviet government. I believe that when the Soviet Union was here, I would like to help the people to learn more about the Soviet Union. For that reason, when I was in the Soviet Union and when I am here, I considered my mission in life to fight for the strength of faith and belief in God. I have heard our agencies, like the Voice of America, Radio Liberty and those other things, to income. There is special broadcasting for protestants, not only for Orthodox and Jewish guys, but special broadcasting for protestants. It's very active people in the Soviet Union. This broadcasting is very important to distribute books in the Soviet Union. But unfortunately, on the books program, there is just a little fraction of resources for broadcasting. But books are much more important in a way to have access to decision makers in the Soviet Union, to give them alternative ideas. I know that there are organizations that are doing things like that. My thought was that generally, if in those broadcasts, if we spoke to the hunger for God, that people must feel to keep that in alive. Now I have to take an organization, which is the Voice of America, which is transmitted to the people, and I had the opportunity to give it to people who have the power to keep it alive. Could you let me just say a few words of farewell for your podium, because I have some notes. So you won't have to. But I would like you to know, on behalf of our countrymen, how honored that we are to welcome you here to the White House. This is the people's house in America. You're the first group of fighters for freedom and human rights in the Soviet Union ever to be received here in the White House. That's, of course, a great source of satisfaction to us, but there's something even more important about your visit. You may come from different regions, represent different faiths and nationalities, but you are united by a bond every bit as strong as it is rare. That's, of course, a huge source of satisfaction to us. But there's something even more important about your visit, although you're from different regions, and you have different faiths and nationalities, but you are united by bonds that are as strong as they are rare. You live for truth, you fight for truth, and you've proved you're willing to risk your lives for it. The seemingly all-powerful Soviet state is still terrified by the brave voices and acts of courage like your own.  Freedom itself is in your debt. Freedom is in your debt. Freedom is in your debt. Freedom is in your debt. Freedom is in your debt. You demonstrate that Russians and other national groups of the Soviet Union share our common ideals, and that the actions of the Soviet government do not represent its people's real feelings and aspirations. My only regret is that we cannot look at this table and see the faces of Andrei Sakharov, Anatoly Shyransky, Yuri Orlov, and all those others who have been deprived of their freedom for the crime of wanting freedom for their people. My only regret is that we cannot look at this table and see the faces of Andrei Sakharov, Anatoly Shyransky, Yuri Orlov, and all those who have been deprived of their freedom for the crime of wanting freedom for their people. Now, we do not want them to have to leave their beloved countries as you've had to do. Our hope, our challenge is that someday they may wake up knowing that there will be no more persecution, no more pain, just because they love the truth, strive for a greater good, and believe in God. My only regret is that we cannot look at this table and see the faces of Andrei Sakharov, Anatoly Shyransky, Yuri Orlov, and all those who have been deprived of their freedom for the crime of wanting freedom for their people. The presence of the oppressed is as bad as any crime. I pledge to you that the United States will speak out, will stand up for, and will defend the values that we share. Communists boast that they will crush democratic freedoms. Well, let us tell them, you can imprison your people, you can close their schools, you can take their books, harass their priests, and smash their unions. But you can never destroy the love of God and freedom that burns in their hearts. They will triumph over you. Andrei Sakharov, imprisoned but unbowed, told the West, everything is as it was under the system of power and economy created by Stalin. But he added, I consider the United States the historically determined leader of the movement toward a pluralist and free society vital to mankind. Andrei Sakharov, imprisoned but unbowed, told the West that everything is as it was under the system of power and economy created by Stalin. But he added, I consider the United States the historically determined leader of the movement toward a pluralist and free society vital to mankind. Andrei Sakharov, imprisoned but unbowed, told the West that everything is as it was under the system of power and economy created by Stalin. Andrei Sakharov, imprisoned but unbowed, told the West that everything is as it was under the system of power and economy created by Stalin. My Americans should be worthy of this call. We should not forget that we achieved our freedom not without the help of others. And that those people who turn away from their friends often lose what they consider the most valuable and that freedom can be lost only during one generation. What we stand for and what together all of us must do. Let me just add that you have re-inspired in me a belief which I don't think has ever faltered, but a belief of what our responsibility is and what must be done in the world. And it is stronger now within me than it has ever been. And again, thank you and God bless you. All right. I know now I must leave. I must leave. I won't try to say goodbye individually again, but we shall see each other again.


Welcome to Tom meeting television and here with representative and representative Dolan and if you could just introduce yourself to us the district to represent. Sure. So I'm Laurie Houghton and I'm in my third term here I serve on the House health care committee, and the survey in Chitenden eight to, which is the totality of the village of us extension. And I am Karen Dolan representative for my first term, and also one of the reps for us extension. And we're here, you know, invited you in to just give us a little rundown about the merger separation question which is now finally come to a head with the legislature passing approval of the Charter change amendment to make us extension and so this is a big moment and and maybe you could give us a little rundown about history of that conversation for a long time. Sure, it has been it's a super exciting moment for the village of us extension so you know this conversation has been going on for decades I think the first vote if I remember correctly was 1956. We've been voting votes since then for some variation of merger or separation. And we keep saying, you know, this is the right time with the right people in the right place for both communities to really put it all out which we did with the merger and voted on it twice put it all out there, and it didn't happen. And so the village said, you know what it's time that we be separate communities so we can both thrive independently of each other while still maintaining a good relationship, just like we do with Williston and when you ski in Burlington and other communities around us. And so it's the bill of the, the plan to merge pass or to separate I'm sorry passed with 88% of voters, voting for it and we had close to 50% of the majority population in the village of votes so it was really exciting. And you know I think, I think where we've gotten stuck over the years, a lot of the time is one, it's a lot of hard work, and both communities have other municipal related issues that have to be taken and it's, it was on that I was a trustee for quite a while, and it's hard as volunteers to really find the time to do it all. And so, I feel like all the efforts in the past have been really good progress forward to what happened today or this time. And we're excited. We're so we're planning a celebration on July 1, when this becomes official for the whole community. And I know still staying in touch with the trustees as Karen does as well and and the community members as, as we do that. And this, this is now the time that we can focus on the village. And I still call it a village and honestly I might still call it a village I've lived there 20 years now and my families live there there and my husband was born and raised there. My father in law has lived there for 80 plus years. And so I think I'm probably unfortunately going to still call it the village but we can finally focus on what we want so what, what are the economic development drives we want to do. What do you want to do to enhance the aesthetics of our community. How do you want to make sure that we continue our walkability and our bike ability, and really thrive what thrive and build what the community wants. This is the key piece that really has been the sticking point over the years, using our money for our initiatives. So having to pay for services in the town of Essex that we weren't receiving or paying more than the residents of the town of Essex for services we were receiving was quite frankly just not fair. And so now we can use our dollars to our community on what we want. So I'm just, I don't know if you can tell I'm super excited. And I think everyone is I know there's some people who voted no, and I hope we can bring them along to see the value of what we're going to build in the village. And so, I think it's great. So there are a couple of key points there you mentioned July 1 is when this becomes official you mentioned celebration, and you mentioned the name and Karen I'm hoping that you can give us a little background on this maybe the procedural stuff for folks who don't understand why does a community have a charter and why is the legislature involved and you know if you look at this was bill H 491. So if you go to the legislative page you want to see there's a whole series of procedural things that had to happen to make this come about so also about the procedural stuff. Yes, happy to, because as you mentioned, lots of steps along the way and I feel like that's something represent Houghton and I tried to explain along the way is that there are many hurdles and we had to keep moving through. So it was a huge civics lesson for our entire community, and I'll say for myself as a brand new legislator. It was an opportunity to see how ideas from the community come into a charter change in this case and then move into legislation and then now sit at the governor's desk hopefully for his signature. Why it had to be this is one of the first questions I asked I was like yeah why do we have to have it go to the legislative happy to shepherd it, and it turns out different states operate differently. Vermont is a Dylan's rule state which how it works is all charter changes all charter changes that are done at a municipal level need to go through the legislature, and to make sure they're constitutional and that you know there's consistency and there's a lot of thinking at that, some states don't do it that way, we do do it that way and so that's why it needed to go through. And we have a gobs committee both in the House and the Senate that that's their primary charge. A lot of is looking at charter changes and reviewing that. So, when the charter chain passed in the town are in sorry in the village. That was the first step of the folks were like yay it passed it's like okay but now it needs to needs to go to the legislature, and kind of the process that it's had is passed out of the village, and then it started in the house, and well actually even representative Houghton and I had to take the charter change and turn it into a bill language, and that's how it became each 491. So turned it into a bill, and then it goes into the house it got assigned to house gobs, and they passed it unanimously went to the House floor, I think they had another stop along the way. But it passed the house, I think basically unanimously, and then it starts all over in the Senate again. So there's multiple stops, along the way where it needs to be vetted and here from all the different parties here from all the different sides. And it was impressive to see how you know, you know, people weighed in on it but one of the most impressive things I think was, we heard it again and again how solid. And our charter was with this. And I think that speaks to what representative Houghton said earlier like so many people were involved in this like this was the time to do it things aligned and ready to put in the work and had the energy the focus. And I think that's one of the reasons it passed unanimously all through all those hurdles. So, just the other week it finally passed out of the Senate. And I think both represent Houghton I learned when we went to check okay so is it ready to go to the governor. I learned Oh, yes it's passed through all the pieces, but it actually needs to get signatures of all these different people before it can leave the State House to go to the governor so you know it's great there's lots of checks and balances and making sure we're getting there. But I think now we're really eager to have the governor sign it and once that happens it will be official and the effective date is July 1 so that's when it will actually come come to be. Yeah, it's a real, I mean it sounds like a real lesson in sort of the nitty gritty of democracy for both the politics and feelings and ideas come together with the rules and procedures and foundation that we rest on and hopefully has some, you know I guess that's where you get into the structural issues of our democracy that makes it really interesting. Maybe somebody could just and Lori, if you have, I think you have to unmute your own again. If you could somebody could just talk about the name and how that is it, you know, is it going to be the city in the village of city of s extension, I think is what we're calling it now right the city of s extension. Talk about the name a little bit. Sure. So it is the city of s extension, and that honestly is a statutory requirement, not a anything we requested. So a village is always part of a town. And so because we're separating we can no longer be the village so it will be the city of s extension. I don't mind if I go back to one comment from before so you talk about a real civics lesson and the policy and the mechanics and it is and but I also want to stress the relationships through the process have been really, really important. So it, you know, it started with the relationships in the community, the residents who work together in both the town and the village to try to merge through the through many, many years it's been the relationships with the select board and the trustees, who have worked through whether it was through merger, you know, discussion separation discussions collaboration discussions. And then I will say it's also a relationship that Karen and I have built here in the state house. It you know it's it, it takes talking to people, having civil discourse, and shepherding something through that you really want, and you can have the great policy, and you have it can have a great process and the great mechanics, but I also think it's really important to have a relationship and I think sometimes that's lost in what we talk about with, you know, civics these days and so I just wanted to point that out. Sorry I got a little off track there. No, I think you bring up really good points and it didn't, it didn't occur to me that there could be politics at the legislative level about this decision but I suppose there probably are. When you talk about communities changing or separating or any, any kind of change like this is can be difficult, obviously. So, Karen reptile and did you want to say anything more about the naming. I mean, just this, just, I mean the name will change also the legislative body is, are you going to now have a mayor of the city of s extension. No, no, I think. Okay, that's interesting. Yeah, so that is something that is in the charter and represent home. I think you know the details a bit more I think it's like a couple years in that there is set to be a conversation to look at the leadership for the city. But for right now it will stay with a city city manager, you know currently a village manager, and the trustees in the same model. And I think what part of it was is realizing there's not enough time to really fully bet this and kind of come to a decision about why are we going to rush this. The current model is working right now. And so kept it as is, but there is a clause or a piece that says, within so many years, we as a city now we'll have this conversation and determine what is the best path forward. Great. That's good to know. Anything more I think this is great we're going to add to this we're going to excerpt the parts of the legislature and put that together so folks can just see that process happen. Right. The legislature at least the, at least the visual parts it's the, it's one of those silver linings of the pandemic that we get to see all these recordings of the legislative process. And so we'll share that with folks at the end of this video so anything more that you want to share on this. Yeah, I will just add the bill was passed to the governor yesterday. And so he has five days not including the day of signature I mean the day of delivery and Sundays to pass to sign it. And just as part of a civics lesson so it could be he could sign it. He could choose not to sign it and go into law without a signature, or he could choose to veto it. We haven't heard any indications that he would do anything other than sign it so we're anxiously awaiting that day to happen and I appreciate town meeting TV doing this as a segment because I think it is really important not only to record the history that's being made, but it is a civics lessons that is is really important for people to understand so it's been great thank you. And will you all attend the signing if there is. We're working on that to see if we can get a signing ceremony absolutely and if not we just wanted to sign be signed in so we will take it either way. All right, well thanks so much, rep Houghton you're there back in the cafeteria it seems so things are opening up the state house and you're up Dylan in a committee room is that right. Yes, empty room right now. Yeah, yeah, but the state house is open somebody was asking you the other day can I go visit and I said yeah go and visit. Yeah, absolutely. So thank you both for your service and for participating today and letting folks know and continue watching town meeting TV for more information about your community. Thank you. Thank you. Please listen to the first reading of the bills by number only. Each 491 to government operations, and we are going to take a look at the last charter that we want to take a peek at today. I'm not so sure there will be others for us to work on, but this one is is one that brings a few of our colleagues from the village of Essex junction here to help us understand the charter change relating to Essex separation so welcome to you folks and you're welcome to come and join us at the table. You. All right, welcome back. House government operations committee. We are meeting this afternoon to hear from a couple more witnesses on h491 and act relating to the creation of the city of Essex junction and adoption of the city charter. And today, Mr Brown from the village trustees, who is vice chair of the select board I understand that the chair of the select board had a family emergency and wasn't able to join us. And so we wish him well. And thank you, Mr Murray for for coming to speak with us in his place. I think since this is the, the village separation charter proposal I'm going to go first to Andrew Brown who I gather is the president of the village trustees so welcome. Mr Brown and please share with us your perspective on why the village of Essex junction would like to become the city of Essex junction. Thank you so much, Madam chair representative Colpin Hans this vice chair representative again and ranking member representative Leclerre and the full house committee and government operations. Truly appreciate the opportunity to to be here and to really help advocate on behalf of the 88% of village of Essex junction residents who voted to separate from the town of Essex. And really what I'd like to do is I'd like to start off in the similar way that the trustees started off all of our work sessions, which we conducted from April through September, when we were creating this this charter to begin with. And we started off with a review of our goal statements, which states to create an independent Essex junction, ensuring that it has a foundation that provides for economic and political stability. It reflects the village character has opportunity for growth and looks towards the future. Further the village trustees agreed to the statement on how we would get there, which states, this will be a village led process that is future oriented. We will steer clear of distractions and act with civility transparency and deliverance. The trustees will work to develop consensus and speak with a consistent voice, we will engage with bring together, seek input from and work to inform our community. We will work with the select board and maintain a healthy relationship with our neighbors in the town. At this point, one of the things I want to make sure to highlight is that on May 24 of 2021, the village trustees and the town select board agreed to and signed an amicable separation resolution, which in part states, the select board and trustees will meet in good faith to cooperatively develop mutually beneficial agreements as necessary to reach to achieve an amicable separation, along with the possible provision of sharing services. This is Friday afternoon and I promise not to keep you all too, too much longer, but there was a request for a little bit more testimony to understand the plans that are in process between the town of Essex and the proposed new city of Essex Junction as the separation charter is in front of us in the form of H 491. So we have with us this afternoon, Susan Mackamara Hill whose town clerk from Essex. I don't know if you have prepared remarks or if you are making yourself more available for Q&A. I think the committee's testimony so far has been around, you know, focused in on the charter for the future city of Essex Junction but if there are any considerations that the town clerk can share with us, we would love to hear from you. Thank you. Thank you for navigating the separation, but we chose not to do the vote very intentionally. And Tucker, correct me if I'm wrong, but the voters could petition for a non binding vote. Could they have not? Yes. Thank you. Any remaining questions from committee members? All right, I would entertain a motion. Were you making a motion that committee adopts draft 2.1 of H 491? I think that's what he was saying. I believe that's what he said. I can't figure out who went first. I can't figure out myself, but yes. Any remaining questions about draft 2.1 of H 491? Yes. Thank you. And LeClaire? This will do a drive-by through Ways and Means. It will be a full stop in Ways and Means, complete with I'm sure witnesses and hopefully they get the full experience. Thank you. It's all yours. I've been there. is shepherd this bill to the floor. It means you'll get the opportunity to sit down with the Ways and Means Committee. All right, any remaining questions before we go ahead and take the vote? All right, Mr. Clerk, take it away. I shall call the roll. Ganon. Yes. Maricki. Yes. Leclerc. Yes. Hooper. Yes. Colston. Yes. Anthony. Yes. Fihoski. Yes. Lefei. Yes. Bigley. Yes. McCarthy. Yes. Copeland-Hondes. Yes. The bill passes 11-0-0. All right, thank you, Chair Watts, for being with us today. And thank you, Tucker, for your good work on this bill. And I trust that Representatives Leclerc and Anthony will come to see you, Tucker, if they have any questions in preparing their floor reports. We have a bill on the notice calendar for referral to a money committee pursuant to House Rule 35A. House Bill 491 is an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and adoption of the city charter. Materially affecting the revenue of one or more municipalities, the bill is referred to the committee on ways and means. We are going to start our work on H491, which is an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. And we are going to start. Representative, come and join us. Thank you. So strange to hear. Before we go too far, I want to say hello to Andy Watts and Andrew Brown, both of whom are with us and have testified in other committees. This is not your first committee testifying on Zoom. I assume it must have talked to the government operations committees as well. Yes. Yes, that's correct. There's a number of items that we're going to talk about today. We're going to start with H491, which is the Essex charter. I don't know if that's the official name for city charter for Essex. And we've got Karen Dolan with us. And I understand it's with us with a redraft on one section. I don't know. That's the only issue that I was aware of that the committee was going to address if other people have issues. I identified them this morning, but I think it's just this one. Good morning and welcome to the Vermont House Government Operations Committee. We are meeting this morning to consider a very small amendment to the city of Essex Junction Charter that the Ways and Means Committee has put forward that we will consider on the floor momentarily. So Representative Matt, if you could explain to us what your committee amendment does. Yeah, for the record, Representative Chris Matos. And our amendment relates to the Assessment and Taxation Agreement, subsection 1003. And it's really just adding in language about the Education Property Tax. As you know, the Education Fund is nearing dear to House Ways and Means. So we just added a sentence at the end to say, the section shall not be construed to supersede any provision of state law relating to the Education Property Tax. Now we'll turn to House Bill 491, which is an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. The bill was referred to the committee on government operations, which recommends that the bill be amended as printed in today's House Calendar. The member from Berry City, Representative Anthony will report for the committee. Materially affecting the revenue of one or more municipalities, the bill was then referred to the committee on Ways and Means, which also recommends that the bill be amended as printed in today's calendar. The member from Milton, Representative Matos will report for the committee. Please listen to the second reading of the bill. H-491, an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. Member from Berry City. Thank you, Madam Speaker. The town of Essex includes the village of Essex Junction and has since the chartering of the village, the village in the town have struggled to create a system of equitable shared governance. This goes back a long time, measured in generations. In fact, your committee on government operations, a score of years ago, tried to mediate the disagreements between the village and the town. That effort came to naught, unfortunately, and moving forward in time to the present, a series of merger talks took place and a shared governance model was constructed by representatives for both the town and the village, often referred to as the three plus three proposal. That proposal was put to a vote. Just this past March, 2021, it passed in the village, but alas, failed in the town. There was then a repeat vote in April. Again, consensus could not be found. As of this past summer or the summer of 21, merger negotiations converted into, if you will, separation negotiations. And in November, it was put to the vote to ask the village whether they wanted to separate and create their own municipality called the city of Essex Junction. That vote passed by a wide margin, over 50% of the registered voters participated. And into the remainder of the year was a attempt by both the administrators of the town and the village to hammer out a way to transition to a separate city of Essex Junction. Up next is House Bill 491, which is an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. Please listen to the third reading of the bill. H 491, an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. The question is, shall the bill pass? Are you ready for the question? If so, please unmute yourselves for the vote. All those in favor, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. All those opposed, please say nay. Nay. Ayes appear to have it. The ayes do have it, and you have passed the bill. H 491, an act relating to the creation of Essex Junction, of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter, which was introduced on January 7th, and read for the first time, referred to the Committee on Government Operation, excuse me, shall be read for the first time. H 491, an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. You've heard the first reading of H 491, and the bill is referred to the Committee on Government Operations. All right, so if you would like to kind of give us the context for this and what's happening. Yes, so I thank you, Lori Houghton, from Essex Junction. So I have a prepared statement because the relationship with Essex Town and Essex Junction is very confusing and has been ongoing, but please stop me at any time if you have any questions. You could just help me clarify it again. When you say Essex Junction, is that the town? Nope, so the village of Essex Junction is encompassed by the town. We are like a donut hole where someone took a bite where the river is, and so village of Essex Junction or where that sorry I say Essex Junction is part of the town of Essex, and then I'll explain more. Yes, so you have in front of you H 491, we'll start on page 14 with sub chapter six to pick up where we left off last time and as a brief reminder based on Senator Clarkson's most recent comment. Although this is a charter for a brand new city, the majority of the bill that you have in front of you is taken directly from the existing village of Essex Junction Charter. Oh, okay, great. There's quite a bit in here that is currently codified that'll 24 out for the village. We now have for action H 491 and act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. It was reported favorably by the committee on government operations. Please listen to the second reading of the bill. H 491, an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. For the committee on government operations, the Senator from Chippenden is recognized. Thank you, Madam President. It is not every day that we vote to create a new city in the Senate. And it is a historic vote in a 110 year journey for the relationship between Essex Junction and Essex Town. And we do have members of both the municipal government of the community as well as members from the other chamber from the house here to witness. And I want to recognize that. And I also wanna note that I will borrow heavily from their perspective and their words. We gave this due consideration in your Senate government operations committee, but also relied deeply on the expertise and longer testimony in the house. And the bill before you was not amended by your committee on government operations. H 491 is a charter change to establish the city of Essex Junction. It is important for us to review how we've come to this place and why 88% of those who voted want an independent community. Since 1892, the village of Essex Junction has operated as a municipal unit of government within the town of Essex, both chartered municipalities. The communities have been voting on some form of merger or separation since 1958. There are some key details in the last 20 years that are worth discussing as to how we are now at this point in the year 2022. In 2000, a five month long government operations mandated mediation process ended with no agreed upon resolution. In 2006, a year long community led task force created a charter for a new merged municipality. It passed narrowly with the town outside the village voting no and the village voting yes. A revote overturned the results. Over the next 10 years, the boards worked collaboratively to find shared services. In 2018, they created a subcommittee to again craft a plan for the future of the two communities. This plan of merger vote, which we can discuss in more detail, then failed. And that leads us to where we are today with a charter change request that creates a path forward for two separate communities while fully recognizing the past history of these efforts. We now have for action H491, an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. Are there any amendments to be offered before the meeting? Please listen to the third reading of the bill. H491, an act relating to the creation of the city of Essex Junction and the adoption of the city charter. You have heard the third reading of the bill. The question is, sale the bill, pass in concurrence. The Senator from Chittenden is recognized. Thank you, Madam President. On second reading, the Senator from Franklin asked if there was any pending litigation or concern about litigation for this particular charter change, having talked to officials in Essex Junction, there is no pending litigation that anyone is aware of. Of course, we live in a litigious society and there could always be litigation, but it is the prerogative of a municipality to make a decision such as this and to bring it to the legislature. And given that there was an amicable MOU related to separation, I'm no lawyer, but it does not seem like there would be favorable litigation around a amicable separation agreement that's already been established that we are now voting on and sending to the governor. So the question is, sale the bill, pass in concurrence. Are you ready for the question? All those in favor, signify by saying aye. Aye. Those opposed, signify by saying no. The ayes have it and you have passed H-491 in concurrence.