Well, we are going to talk about cabin crew duty for passenger service and what exactly is their duty and responsibility towards a passenger. Passenger service on ground and passenger service after take off, we are going to talk about the same. Understanding the kitchen of the galley rather the galley which is known as a part of the aircraft which is the kitchen. In-flight catering and how does that happen? Fuel services, beverage services, trash collection, etc. So I am very excited to teach you on this particular module on customer service. Well, there are two roles of a cabin crew. One is the primary role and the other is the secondary role. Let's understand what they are. The primary role of the flight attendant is the most important role making sure that the safety of the passengers is always kept in mind. There are instances wherein even if there is no service in a particular airline or airline still has to have a minimum crew requirement of four. So it is very important that the primary role of a cabin crew is to take care of the safety of the passengers. Well, friends, the secondary role of the cabin crew is to make sure that the comfort of a passenger is there. Cabin crew members are the face of the airline, they are the brand ambassadors. They are expected to excel in customer service and they are always supposed to remain friendly even if they are dealing with a orientating or rather a disruptive passenger. You always need to have a smile on your face whenever you are dealing with passengers. Well, there are typical work duties for passengers service and that happens before takeoff as well as after takeoff for a particular cabin crew. Now, when a cabin crew joins a particular airline, during the initial training period, she will be undergoing at least one month of training only on passenger service with regards to how to serve a particular passenger, how to remove the tray from a passenger, how to do tea coffee service, etc. She undergoes really extensive amount of training on customer service. Well, a catering service is very important for any airline because that is where the food comes from for the passenger who is travelling in a particular airline. So an airline meal or airline food, plain food or in-flight meal is a meal which is served to a passenger on board the aircraft on a commercial airline. Well, most of the military aircrafts or any other kind of cargo aircraft for example do not have meal service but wherever there is a commercial airline going, there has to be a meal service. These meals are prepared by specialist airline catering services. Now each and every airline have their own requirement or set vendors who does catering service for that particular airline and these caterers have been with the airline for many many many years and they exactly know how to function for that particular airline. Certain things that we need to keep in mind in terms of duties of passenger service, certain logistics for catering requirements, material demand for casting, equipment sector, sourcing of the products, whatever is the different kind of meals or products you require, contracting the suppliers who are going to be giving you these meal services, transportation of the stock or how it is transported from the catering place to the airline and last but not the least the warehousing of stock. Well, it is important that wherever the food or the meals are coming from, there has to be a warehouse which is stocking all of these meals before it goes into the aircraft. Well, airline have certain contracts for the caterers. Let's look at them. Consistency of food product. Any caterer who is serving or giving service any kind of catering service to a particular airline, the airlines have certain mandatory requirements and they need to make sure that the food quality is consistent, food products which are offered are on a consistent basis. Accuracy of uplift. If our airline requires for example, 250 meals and out of which 200 are vegetarian and 50 are non vegetarian meals, the airline caterer has to make sure that he is uplifting accurate number of the meals which are required so that there is no goof up on the airline. There has to be an on time delivery. For example friends, if an airline is supposed to take off at 6 o'clock in the morning from Mumbai to Delhi, the caterer has to be present filling in the meal services inside the aircraft at least an hour before the take off time. This is a mandatory requirement for all caterers and they have to adhere to these restrictions. There has to be value for money so they have to make sure that they are packing a parcel for the passenger which has good value for money. There has to be good, healthy, hygiene and safety things to be kept in mind. So any airline caterer who is providing meal service to the particular aircraft should not have hair or any kind of insect inside a meal. Well that can really be disastrous because passengers can make huge you and cry about the same. So hygiene is very very important. Most of the caterers who are working you know for packing meals for airlines always it's mandatory for them to wear a shower cap which makes sure that hair does not fall into the food when they are going about their packaging. Overall operational performance has to be good for that particular airline. Please remember friends if a caterer is not good with his or her service it can delay the aircraft which can be amounting to huge amounts for that particular airline. Well passenger service on ground it's very important that whenever a passenger is coming into the airline or aircraft the crew is standing to welcome him and helping him with his seat. Once the passenger has sat down in his or her seat they might have few requirements that they might call the you know press the call bell for the flight attendant. They might need some water, some newspapers, pillows, blankets etc. Whatever is the requirement for passenger crew needs to make sure that they are able to fulfill the demands if it is possible to do so on ground. Serving on ground refreshments is important so for a first class passenger or a business class passenger they are given hot towels or cold towels they are also given some refreshments like juices, fresh lime etc depending on what time of the day it is. Special attention is definitely given to children and elderly as well as handicapped passengers so these are duties of the crew on ground. Looking at what kind of duties they have to undergo after take off well immediately after take off they need to tend to the cockpit crew. So the in flight manager who is the senior most cabin crew member after take off needs to go inside the cockpit and ask the captain as well as the co-pilot as to what they would need if they need their meals or they need tea, coffee or whatever the requirement is she needs to first make sure that pilots are tended to. The other crew members during this period of time will start setting up the cart for the meal service. Now depending on the time you know when the aircraft is flying if it is a lunch service or a breakfast or a dinner service or even a snack service the other crew members in the front and aft of the aircraft need to prepare the carts or rather the you know the trolleys with the particular meal service. They need to roll out the carts into the cabin or the first cart is starting from the first row and the second cart starts from mid cabin which is the 15th row and they go on serving passengers left side as well as the right side of the aircraft. Now friends you need to always remember this that giving out the trays always happens from window to aisle but collection of trays happens from aisle to window and that's how it is always done. Post the meal service or the snack service beverages are offered to the passenger whether they would like some tea or coffee. Two crew members will then take a walk into the cabin to check whether all passengers have been served or not or just to take you know take into account that nobody has been left out while giving their tray. Well for meal service it's very important that you present the tray properly to the particular passenger making sure that you smile when you're serving a particular passenger asking the preference of choice of veg or non-veg to a particular passenger. So meal services are important time in the cabin and they take maximum time during a cruise level. At this point of time it's important that you do not allow people or passengers to move about in the cabin. They need to be seated down in their respective areas and do not use lavatory and that can actually cause a lot of havoc during the service. Well after meal services happened they need to serve tea and coffee. Now how does the tea coffee service happen? Inside the cabin the first row will be getting a tea or coffee whoever is the cabin crew serving them. For example if a particular cabin crew member has started with tea after she proceeds till the fourth row then the next crew member is supposed to start with coffee. She needs to make sure that four rows are at least completed before she starts the coffee service. Similar to the next or rather the aft of the aircraft from the 15th row one crew member will start with tea. After she has finished about four rows in the cabin, the second crew member from the aft will start with coffee and they will always serve left and then right side of the cabin. Well let's understand the galley now as we have mentioned before galley is the kitchen part of the aircraft. This is the place where food beverages as well as a lot of other things are stored. Let's look at the galley in detail now. The galley on the aircraft is typically includes not only the facilities to serve and store the food and beverages but it also contains the flight attendance jump seat. As you can see over here there is a jump seat where the crew member needs to sit. Emergency equipment storage as well as anything else the flight attendance may need during the flight. So well the galley does not only have the food beverage it also includes the jump seat of the crew as well as certain other equipment that she might need. Aircraft and operation today mainly use a familiar airline service trolley system. So that's used more over by most of the airline. Coming to what is there in the galley so let's take a look at that. There are electrical appliances. There are trolleys which are used to roll out into the cabin for meal service. There are food carts. Inside the food carts you have runners. Inside the runners you can store up to four trays. Two in the front and two trays at the back. Beverage maker which has the tea coffee inside the galley so you have your hot water channel from where you can make your tea and coffee. And there is also a water heater. Water heater needs to be switched on immediately after takeoff so that the water is hot and piping for the tea coffee service. Well inside the galley you also have chillers. Now chillers are for making sure that you are serving cold beverages. If there is a juice service or there is a cold drink service you need to make sure that these are cold and hence they are kept in the chiller. You have water supply, hot as well as cold supply.  Water waste system which is again for the crew members. And there are screen curtains. Now what are screen curtains? They're just a curtain which kind of shows to the passenger that they are not really able to look towards the other side. Now these curtains are there in the front of the aircraft so that the passengers cannot view the cockpit side of the aircraft. Some more information on galley. Use a considerable amount of electrical place. So all the main appliances or switches are there inside the galley which has the main power and in case the ovens are overheated or there's too much of power it automatically switches off. So in case of high current demand there is a complete switch off in the galley. All systems have control switches and are located close to the galley. A master isolation switch for both electrical and water supply as well. So please understand that galley is having a lot of electrical appliances and hence the crew need to be extremely careful when they're using things in the galley. They should not overheat the galley that the main power goes switch off. Well friends if we talk about customer service how can passenger feedback be left far behind. This is a very important part of the protocols with the cabin crew needs to follow. Well when do they give the feedback forms to the passengers. Post the meal service and tea coffee service and after that the trash is collected. One member rather one crew member from the forward takes a walk into the cabin with the feedback forms on a tray and these feedback forms are given to a passenger who would want to give any kind of feedback positive feedback or negative feedback about their flight experience. Now the cabin crew collects all these feedback forms and these are submitted to the airline heads of department. For example the HR heads so that they can take a look at all of these feedback forms from passenger and try and understand what exactly can be improved about anything that they have a requirement on. So the main agenda of most of the airline is to give a perfect experience to a passenger and that can only happen once they know the feedback of that particular passenger. Well that is something that is really important for airlines to improve themselves. They need passenger feedbacks. Well friends that brings us to a conclusion on this particular module on customer service under the aviation module. We have discussed a lot of things today with regards to cabin crew's duty and responsibility with regards to the customer service that they're providing inside the aircraft. Well I hope you have enjoyed listening to this as much as we have enjoyed teaching you this module on customer service. Keep watching more videos coming your way. Thank you for listening to us.


You guys ever seen someone who could deadlift 700 pounds and speak parcel tongue? Oh, see, so she sure sure I don't know where he just be Look he's got like he's got a brick of peanut butter in his mouth welcome to the video y'all Salamac man today's a good day like every other day we got a q&a taking it from Salamac with 2ks on instagram answering all your questions i got a little front squat and then probably just Ab so training is kind of basic maybe a little cardio we got meetings all day long We're heading to la so things are ripping and rolling You know the ripping in the taran video.  So my plan is outrageous Also, we'll see you in Santa Clara august 13th and 14th We got a booth man good companies first booth tertiary barbell exclusive only the first touches at the expo So powerfest powerlifting expo santa claire august 13th to 14 Do I speak spanish it's embarrassing like over if you take like number over 50% of my family lives in argentina My mom was a spanish teacher for like 25 years. My spanish is below mid That's hard bro i've never done that normally i'm i'm t-rex in it. Yeah, it's a flexibility thing But now we're getting there because i'm so gosh darn skinny here. You see me Now you don't This is a medium. This is a medium a dull medium more. You're asking the wrong guy. I don't even know There's no motivation really. It's just like just goes back to discipline skinny folks, dude My heart my heart is with you guys skinny guys.   You have no idea what you're talking about gaining weight is objectively more difficult Just because it's more action versus inaction Like if you're trying to lose weight's lack of action not being hungry is the worst feeling ever and knowing you have to eat I'm the kind of guy like five cat feet in the morning 10 o'clock.  I didn't eat today. It's easy to beat yourself up on both gaining weight and losing weight It's just hard. I think in general like You know 23rd i'm making these up a 20 to 30 percent of people Have no issues with food right they can eat as much as they need for their goal and not think about it Or stay at a healthy body weight And the rest of us are probably splitting the you know in america. It might be more like 50 plus struggle with eating too much And then the other smaller percent 10 20 percent left over Struggle with not eating enough a lot of people blame it on Hypothyroidism and and all these things and that is a very small percentage of people I'm not joking or whatever about it not being real. It's real But it's not the majority of us and people blame it on all these things the other one is genetics and metabolism The difference in metabolic Uh Needs from human to human that are about the same size and weight is miniscule So don't blame it on that either. He's got a fast metabolism. He's got a slow metabolism He eats everything he wants and doesn't gain weight. That's all just not true either The fact of the matter is preparation fixes all these things So I have struggle eating too much. So what do I do? I take trigger foods out of my house So I don't overeat.  But if you actually want to reach these goals you have to prepare and set yourself up for success Get the meals ready. Get the the steaks ready.  Get the rice ready Get your fats your proteins ready to eat throughout the day track your food ahead of time Even if you're gaining weight often people talk about tracking macros to lose weight If you have issues gaining weight muscle strength size you need to track your food just as much Just as strict as if you're going to lose it Is this supposed to be gym specific? okay, so I guess one of them that um, isn't really gym specific Is getting more comfortable posting more and just having a a better online Peasants um on my instagram So it's growing a little bit and um, I want to be able to post more comfortably and show more my personality on there I feel like a lot of my feet is just like lifting which is totally fine That's that really is me But I want to get comfortable with sharing who I am With everyone and getting to know other people too. Um as for gym goals, it's just really building right now So the next me I know I'm going to be doing is nationals next year. So that's more than like a year Um that I have time to to prepare for so I really just want to build From the ground like get strong a really really strong strong foundation So whatever I have like four two zero tempos just trying to build that up. I'm not worried too much about like Anything else other than getting my sets of sevens up if want to get really specific For deadlifts, which is my strongest lift and my best lift working on trying to keep my hips from rising off the floor Which is more noticeable when I'm doing pause deadlifts So my hips are dry and then my back would kind of correct itself So I'm trying to get everything smooth right off the floor And then lock my lockout is fine. Well, people know my deadlift mostly Not my spot or bench, but it's not perfect. It's like it's good, but it's not perfect And I still want I still want to work on it and make it better. So yeah My instagram is avi.lu so avi.li you follow me there I got so many talents and none of them are hidden no more. They all been seat Um, we talked about it half jokingly, but not if I knew I was so in my bubble growing up because I did go to our school a lot of my homies didn't play video games Like I did they played but not like me I think if I would have known there was more like a tournament competitive pro scene I think I would have tried to go in As a late and adult like streaming and shit's been so fun I didn't really know that was a thing like I watched youtube and stuff But I didn't know how those guys became pros like I didn't understand it And you know sometimes so like to learn a lot about stuff. You need to homies to bounce it off Right like you say like oh you seen this sneaker and I'm like, oh, yeah But if you see this and kind of share info and you all learn different things I didn't really have that with gaming Um, so maybe gaming and streaming harder because I didn't start streaming till I was like 28 I mean I gained my whole life, but it was just like not that it's too late I still think I might go harder in that but I really do enjoy gaming Competitively and as entertainment. So yeah, they call the duties the halos, you know, like Yeah, yeah, so maybe that I mean we still got the twitch channel if y'all want to follow it But we don't use it a lot, but we might we might ladies and gentlemen, man Little tips on diet little tips having fun front squat pr I guess just because I never used those bands before Um, we're heading to LA tomorrow So next couple vlogs will be in Los Angeles barbara gays barbara gays meat kicking a little barton them Appreciate you guys give this thing a thumbs up Be sure to like and share it out as much as you can gain a little momentum on the channel again I appreciate you guys shout out the sea bass being consistent. We're grinding them out August 13th and 14th will be at Santa Clara convention center for a power expo if you want to grab with some exclusive clothes We're going to be there Um competition weekend here September 10th and 11th Sacramento Thirsty Barbell open to spectators Um, and we'll catch you guys in the next one, man. We out


It's going to be their goalkeeper, Leighton Murray, stepping up to take this free kick for St. Jago. The last goalkeeper taking free kicks with really good accuracy was Rodrigo Sene of Sao Paulo from Brazil. Well, this is Leighton Murray from St. Jago with the free kick.  What a hit indeed. I said that we don't see it often, but this is why maybe we should. And honestly, I'm lost for words and maybe Johnny Gill could describe this goal a bit better because my, my, my, mama, mama, my, my, what a strike! Leighton Murray and it's St. Jago. One Wolmers high school meal.


The next item of business today is a member's business debate on motion number 10122, in the name of Alison McInnes, on your GP cares campaign. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put, and I would be grateful if those members who wish to speak in the debate could press the request to speak buttons as soon as possible. I call on Alison McInnes to open the debate maximum of seven minutes, Ms McInnes. I would like to start by thanking those MSPs who supported my motion and enabled it to be debated today. The British Medical Association's Your GP cares campaign emphasises that general practice is the cornerstone of the NHS and at the heart of every community. From professionals covering vast remote areas to large city practices, the service that GPs and primary healthcare teams provide is appreciated, the length and breadth of the country and admired across this chamber. A mid a wealth of specialisms and the involvement of departments across the health service and beyond, they are often the only constant during a patient's care, identifying symptoms, assessing needs, signposting to other services and co-ordinating a joined-up approach to patient's care. This continuity means that GPs are capable of developing the most acute understanding of individuals' overall health. Providing over 24 million consultations each year, they are integral to improving Scotland's health and wellbeing, and they are integral to the objective to shift the balance of treatment and care from hospitals towards primary settings. The Your GP cares campaign highlights the need for this patient's shift to be accompanied by an appropriate resource transfer, investment in primary care team personnel and practice infrastructure, and it draws our attention to the challenges posed by the changing needs of patients. In the gallery today is Dr Allan McDevitt, chairman of the BMA's Scottish GP committee, and he tells us that there are more patients to see, more test results to read and more paperwork, yet there are still the same number of hours in the day and many GP surgeries are simply overwhelmed. ISD Scotland data shows the number of patient contacts with GPs and practice nurses has increased by 10 per cent during the last decade, 12 per cent of registered patients now visit their local practice 10 or more times a year. The intense workload can in part be attributed to our growing, ageing population and the need to support people living longer with complex, chronic or multiple health conditions. Long-term conditions already account for the majority of consultations, but the prevalence of conditions such as dementia will soar as the number of people aged over 75 doubles during the next 20 years. The demands upon general practice are particularly acute in my own north-east region, and there is real concern that it is affecting GP's ability to best care for their patients. Official statistics show that six of the biggest 20 practices in Scotland by patient list size are in the north-east. Many serve areas with burgeoning populations, two possess more than 20,000 patients. Facilities are already creaking, and yet the third national planning framework published this week reminds us that the north-east population will grow by 23 per cent by 2035. A question mark still hangs over the provision of a medical centre for the new town of Chapleton, a development providing up to 8,000 homes. That has caused my constituents to fear in the nearby portlet and medical centre, already one of the busiest in the country, that it could soon be overwhelmed. Elsewhere, staff at Ellen health centre are striving to provide for a growing community. However, they are hampered by premises that are no longer fit for purpose, built when the town was a fraction of its cunt size. NHS Grampain says that it will be some years before it is replaced. Such situations are common across Scotland. Scottish Liberal Democrats believe that communities know best how to run locally responsive services, and it would be remiss of me not to note that the Scottish Government sees control of health boards' capital budgets. Stripped of powers to tackle infrastructure problems as they see fit, this year, NHS Grampain will receive less than 2 per cent of the non-formula capital spend for specific projects. The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport confirmed to my colleague Jim Hume that the proportion of NHS budget spent on primary medical services has fallen under this Government. Peeking at 9.1 per cent under the Liberal Democrat Labour Administration, spending has since fallen to 7.5 per cent this year. Now, general practice is the gateway to the wider NHS. Clinical decisions made here commit more than half of total NHS expenditure. The Scottish Government must therefore ensure that it is sufficiently resourced to take the right decisions, and it must ensure opportunities to build relationships with patients, understand the needs and effectively communicate what is happening. This must be enhanced, not diminished, as care shifts from acute to primary settings. Indeed, GPs' workloads have already soared as the profession struggles to attract and retain talent. Young doctors appear to be pursuing other specialisms. In Aberdeenshire CHPs, the number working part-time has increased by 9 per cent in the last five years alone. Worryingly, with more than a third of staff in their 50s, I am told early retirements are up, others are emigrating in search of a better work-life balance. The Scotsman reports this morning that more than 30 practices across Scotland are operating on an open but full policy, only accepting registrations on a limited basis. Dr McDevitt tells us that many would not be able to take on a new doctor even if they wanted to. The Scottish Government must therefore intensify its efforts to attract and retain GPs and reverse the losses experienced during the last three years. In closing, we cannot expect GPs and practice staff to spend more time with patients and provide more appropriate care closer to home without sufficient resources, additional staff or appropriate facilities. As the nature of primary care changes, it is imperative that health boards and GPs are capable of responding to local needs and demands. They must be empowered to provide integrated, sustainable primary healthcare services. Services rooted in communities, focused on every aspect of patients' health, deliver in a fitting environment and of the highest quality. I would be grateful if the minister could therefore tell us whether he considers the current distribution of total NHS expenditure to be appropriate. Will the minister hand back some power over capital spending, back to boards, or will he ensure a fairer allocation? I would welcome details of how he intends to attract and retain the staff that is required to deliver shared objectives, including enhancing preventative care, reducing hospital admissions and tackling the unacceptable number of delayed discharges and, indeed, integrating adult health and social care services. Thank you. We are quite tight for time today, could I ask members to keep to the four minutes, please? Malcolm Chisholm to be followed by Graham Day. I would like to congratulate Alison McInnes for bringing forward this important debate and, obviously, support the UGP Cares campaign. I think that it is running in tandem with one from the Royal College of General Practitioners called Put Patients First Back General Practice, and it was actually from members of the Royal College of General Practitioners that I learned some of the details of this at a meeting some time ago. I think that the key thing here is to look at the percentage of NHS spending going into general practice, and it is declined from somewhere over 9 per cent a decade to go to somewhere over 7 per cent now. That, of course, is at a time when the number of consultations in primary care has been going up. Again, Alison McInnes quoted a general figure of a 10 per cent increase over the same period. Much of that, of course, is from practice nurse consultations, but GP consultations have also been going significantly up. That is already happening, and, as we look to the future, the need for more work to be done in primary care will be accentuated. There is the growing elderly population. Obviously, there is a whole policy shift of the balance of care towards primary care, which has been supported by successive Governments over the last decade. Also, the issue is mentioned in the motion in relation to delivering preventative care and the integration of health and social care. Clearly, there is a big challenge for the NHS. The fundamental thing is that the proportion of resources going into primary care is going to have to shift significantly. I realise that that is not easy because we all know about the pressures on the hospital services as well, but it is quite clear that that shift has to take place. I know that the Government is beginning to engage with that. For example, when I wrote to the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport about that, he referred to shifting some money—£36 million—from the quality and outcomes framework into the core GP contract. I think that that is not extra money for general practice, but clearly it means that that money can be spent differently. Although I think that the quality and outcomes framework has been a generally positive development since the first GP contract 10 years ago. The other opportunity is, of course, the new GP contract, which I think is currently being negotiated in Scotland, and that presents a great opportunity to address some of those issues. I will be interested to hear what the minister says about progress on that. We have particular challenges in Edinburgh and my own constituency in relation to this. Alison McInnes referred to the burgeoning population of the north-east of Scotland, which I am pleased to hear about, but I think that the part of Scotland with the most rapidly growing population is Edinburgh. I get quite a few letters from constituents of mine who are finding it difficult to access a practice in my constituency. Obviously, in due course, they all do find somewhere. I am glad that NHS Lothian is opening up a new practice in the Leith community treatment centre, but that is not going to address the problem. The health board realises that. It has commissioned two reports, and it has said that we need 33 new GP surgeries in Lothian in the near future. Obviously, we will all be keeping a close watch on what those reports recommend. I hope that they come up with proposals very soon. It is not just the actual number of practices, but the quality of practices. Almost a third of existing GP buildings in Lothian need extending or modernising. I am told by my own GP, who is absolutely superb, that her practice, my practice, is actually atop of the list for that modernisation work. Obviously, I have a close personal interest in that, which I should declare. We also have the more general issues about the difficulty of recruiting GPs, the time lag for training, so there are many challenges here. Clearly, there has to be a priority for the Government to address those major issues. Many thanks. I call Graeme Dey to be followed by Nanette Milne. I begin by congratulating Alison McInnes for bringing this matter here for debate. The BMA Scotland campaign, your GP cares, highlights a number of important issues, although perhaps one has shone a light on that it perhaps has not intended to. The future delivery of services in our communities, especially rural communities, is worthy of consideration right now, not least of all because beyond any doubt, fractures have developed in the relationship between the general public and general practitioners. The principal cause of that, if my mailbag is anything to go by, is the difficulty people encounter when seeking to secure surgery-based appointments, let alone getting home visits. Now, having spent half a day shadowing a busy GP's practice in Canustia last year, I am not without sympathy for some of the challenges faced by those charged with delivering the services. There is unquestionably an issue over attracting locums and indeed the next generation of GPs. Demand for appointments in Canustia itself is 50 per cent higher than the national average. Ironically, up and coming GPs encounter a greatly reduced workload in surgeries based on some deprived city areas, compared to more affluent rural parts such as Angus, and that draws many to the conurbations. The likes of Canustia and nearby Moni Fife also have a growing ageing population, with the service demand that presents. Although NHS Tayside responded to this with a pilot project over the winter months, which aimed to assist in dealing with the dementia sufferers and prevent avoidable hospital admissions, and which was so successful as to be extended, those issues will not go away. Of course, there is the bane of any GP practices' lives—the patients who want a doctor to remove a splinter from their finger or to provide antibiotics for a cold, or who insist upon seeing a specific GP. It is, however, worth noting, that GP numbers in Scotland have actually gone up 5.7 per cent under this Government, and that the sum invested in primary care services in 2012-13 was 10 per cent more than in 2006. In the interests of balance, it must be said that, whilst additional resources, if available or practically redeployable, could alleviate and would alleviate the situation, so, too, would doctors working the kind of hours the world that wider public do. I met with a GP practice partner recently after they contacted me over the campaign. They pointed out that the levels of depression, stress and divorce alcoholism within the medical profession and told me that if we politicians would answer one plea from medics, it would be not to ask more of GPs because, as a profession, they simply cannot cope and would be put in a position where mistakes would be made. Yet they readily acknowledged that their present contracted working week consisted of just eight conical sessions with a further session set aside for paperwork. The general practitioners play a vital role in the health service, acting as they do as gatekeepers. We would not want them being placed under such strain that they were making errors, but are we really saying that that sort of working week represents an appropriate return on what, for partners in a GP practice, is a substantial salary, especially when there is an increasing demand for access to services that somehow has to be met? There is a case to be made for redeployment of financial resources as more services are delivered in our communities, but there has to be given take on that because the Scottish Government cannot somehow magic up additional sums of money for GP practices. I am a little disturbed by the angle that you are taking. You must surely understand that the GP's workload is significantly more than the patient contact time. I am simply reflecting the experiences that I have had in my constituency, Presiding Officer, talking to GP's. Given what he has just said, I wonder if the member would then suggest a working week or a number of hours or how he sees GP's work in his world. I am simply making the point that there has to be compromise here if we are going to make progress on that, and we have to look at it in the round. The BMA is quite entitled to speak out on behalf of its members, but so too are the RCNs. It was interesting to note from the briefing that the RCN provided at the head of the debate that, while the number of GP visits or visits to GP practices has increased from around £21.7 million in 2003-04 to £24.2 million in 2012-13, GP consultations had seen an increase of just 3.9 per cent compared with 31 per cent for practice-employed nurses. If we consider how health-related services should be delivered locally, we need also to look at the role that is being played by other organisations. An example of that is the community drop-in service being provided by Action and Hearing in Scotland. Since the service started in Angus in 2010, the organisation has retubed 2,700 hearing aids, carried out 2,200 inventions and distributed almost 26,000 hearing aid batteries, all reducing the workload of the NHS, evidenced by reviewed figures that show that, over the past three and a half years, service users, spared having to go to Ninewells, Astrakathro, have travelled 17,000 fewer miles. As things stand, that is not matched by funding moving from the NHS to action on hearing loss, although the organisation will shortly be chopping the door of NHS Tayside. Meanwhile, one GP practice locally has, I am told, announced that it is no longer willing to dispense hearing aid batteries because staff do not have the time. There is a debate to be had on the subject, but it needs to be a balanced one, one that sees all sides willing to compromise in the interests of ensuring the needs of the patients are best met. I welcome this debate and I congratulate Alison McInnes on securing parliamentary time for it. I readily acknowledge the increasing demands on primary care at the present time, and the pressures that are causing for GPs and their practice teams, leading to difficulty in recruiting and retaining new entrants. Thanks to the BMAs, your GP cares campaign, those pressures are becoming more widely known within the Scottish community, and that is a good thing. There have been issues with primary care throughout my 11 years in the Parliament, and a decade ago I was happy to support the 2004 GP contract, which removed the 24-7 responsibility for patients from GPs, because at that time too, it was very difficult to recruit and retain younger doctors who, in growing numbers, were unwilling to accept the round-the-clock commitment of their predecessors. Over the ensuing years, there have been significant concerns, of course, about out-of-hours care provision, particularly in some of the more remote parts of Scotland, and NHS 24 took some time to settle in and be generally accepted by the public. The primary care medical workforce has become increasingly part-time, partly due to the predominance of female doctors who want a work-life balance that fits with their parenting role, but also due to an increasing number of men who combine general practice with other part-time appointments, for example in teaching or hospital work. In the meantime, patient demand has escalated, coupled with bigger list sizes, and the demographic change means that more patients are living longer with comorbidities and more complex medical conditions, and all of that at a time of financial stringency when spending has to be carefully planned and controlled. The NHS in Scotland has benefited from the UK Government's decision to protect the NHS budget and the Scottish Government's decision to ring-fence the ensuing Barnett consequentials for the Scottish health budget. My party, of course, hasn't agreed with all the Scottish Government's policy decisions on how to spend that money, for instance, on free prescriptions for higher-rate taxpayers who can afford to pay. However, we have campaigned for more investment in primary care through restoring a universal GP-attached health visitor service, and so we do very much welcome last week's announcement of 500 new health visitor posts, which I think will be of significant support to GPs, particularly in the more deprived parts of the country. Likewise, we were pleased with the recent changes to the Scottish contract, which have removed some of the bureaucratic box-sticking and allowed GPs to have a bit more face-to-face contact with their patients. However, in the face of growing pressures on the service, the Government's 2020 vision for more care to be provided in the community and the integration of health and social care, which will require to have GPs and the primary care team at its heart if it is to be successful, then I do think that there is to be a good hard look at how services will be provided in the future, with the Scottish community involved at the heart of the debate. I would endorse the BMA's concern about the need for fit for purpose primary care premises. In the north-east, we have seen a few excellent developments recently, such as the Calcesite and Woodside health centres in Aberdeen, and we look forward to the approved new health centre in Inverruri. However, there are concerns in my area, as Alison McInnes has rightly pointed out, with rapidly growing populations throughout Aberdeenshire, and new settlements being built, for example, around Port Leithan, without provision of the primary care facilities that will be needed by the increased population. There is a need to replace buildings, such as the Forrester Hill Health Centre in Aberdeen, where my husband used to work, which was state-of-the-art when it opened in 1979, but which is now well past its sell-by-date. The motion that we are discussing raises some very serious issues that cannot, I think, be dealt with adequately in such a short debate. I do think that they merit much fuller discussion in this chamber during a plenary session of the Parliament. I hope that the minister will pay heed to this, and, once again, I commend Alison McInnes for drawing the BMA's campaign to our attention. Thank you very much, Neil Findlay. I congratulate Alison McInnes on bringing this debate forward. As we heard at First Minister's question time on Monday, Brian Keithley, the well-respected out-gun chairman of the BMA Scotland, gave his farewell speech to the conference. In it, he compared the NHS to the Titanic and said that it was teetering on the brink, highlighting a whole range of issues from cancer treatment to care crisis to hospital food. He said that what I have seen over the past five years is the continuing crisis management of the longest car crash in my memory, and it is time for our politicians to face up to some very hard questions. Mr Findlay, could we relate that to your chief hope please? I am just about to, Presiding Officer. I want to put in record my thanks to Dr Keithley for both his commitment and service to the BMA, but also for his willingness to be so frank. In fact, he agrees with what we have been saying for the last two years, because it is simple, Presiding Officer. The NHS in Scotland cannot go on as it is, and the Government cannot continue to pretend that it can gloss over deep-seated problems with spin and bluster. Just one of those concerns is GP provision, because GPs are in the very front line of the system. With people living longer, with multiple complex health problems and with rising demand and expectation, the pressure on our community GP practices grows by the day in my own region. In fact, there are 26 GP practices according to NHS Lothian that have either completely or partially closed their lists. Patients cannot get access to their local doctor. We have recruitment problems, especially in rural areas, and budgets have been cut by 2 per cent, as we have heard. Of course, it is in our most deprived communities that pressures on the NHS and GP practices are at their most pressing. I met recently with some Glasgow GPs, and they were operating in one of the deep-end practices. They told me about the vast number of complex and extremely time-consuming cases that they have to deal with, and yet that practice had gone without a health visitor for over a year, and he had never met the social workers who deal with their clients. I find that astonishing and thoroughly depressing. They also raised the issue of the inverse care law, which entrenches health inequalities, given similar levels of funding to wealthy health areas, as it does to areas of deprivation and poor health. I welcome the work of the deep-end GPs and the Your GP Cares campaign, highlighting the need to develop premises, strengthen practice teams and attract new entrants. Those are vital for all of our constituents. As a counsellor, I drove through a project in my community that brought together two GP practices, sports facilities, a library, a dentist, a café, a pharmacy, and brought in job centre plus and a range of services in a new purpose-built facility. That is how I see community services developing. The GPs are now prescribed swimming or gym sessions rather than drugs that refer on to housing in the job centre and have immediate access to dental and pharmacy services. GPs work collaboratively to deliver better outcomes for patients. That is the service integration that we are seeing in West Lothian, and I commend others to follow that example. Finally, I was surprised by the inference by Graham Day that GPs are not working flexibly or appropriate numbers of hours. I would ask Mr Day to reflect on that argument. It is a bit like people observing this Parliament and saying, why do we pay those people almost £60,000 a year, yet they are only air three afternoons a week? I think that the irony of his argument has passed him by. Thank you. I now invite the minister to respond to the debate. Michael Matheson, you have up to seven minutes, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Like everyone in this chamber, I want to offer my congratulations to Alison McInneson for securing time for this debate. However, as we have all done so far, I recognise the fantastic job that our general practitioners do in Scotland providing a vital important service at the very heart of our vision of delivering an integrated health and social care system. In recognising the key role that GPs play in our system, it is important that we make sure that we have a processing system in place that allows them to maximise the potential that they can play in helping to shape health and social care within a community setting. However, as a number of members have recognised in their own contributions, Alison McInneson made reference to, as did Malcolm Chisholm in his own contribution, about the start challenges that we face in terms of the demographic shift that we are facing as a country by 2033. The number of people over 75 is likely to have increased by almost 60 per cent, and with age, as with poverty, there comes a higher chance of having a long-term illness and the long-term conditions that many individuals will have at that point in their life. Those are real challenges, and we need to make sure that we do the right work in order to help to support general practice and the profession within the NHS to be able to meet those challenges. I want to make some reference to some of the actions that we are taking in order to help to support our GPs in meeting those challenges. We have been working closely with the profession to modernise the GP contract and to transform our approach to the delivery of primary care. In the 2014-15 general medical services contract in Scotland, we have been negotiated and agreed with the Scottish General Practitioners Committee. It brings direct benefits to both patients and in reducing bureaucracy for GPs by reducing around 30 per cent of the cough that Malcolm Chisholm made reference to. What that does is it helps to provide greater financial stability for individual practices by transferring around £36 million, which was assigned to cough into the core contract for those GP practices, placing a greater opportunity for them to meet judgments on how that resource should be used and to provide them with greater flexibility around clinical judgments and how they can best meet the needs of their patients. The contract has also enabled each GP practice to become involved in integration planning and decision making by way of a lean GP to link with the local partnership organisations, which is a key part of the role that general practice needs to provide in going forward. Each practice as part of the contract will undertake a review of access and also participate in a programme of quality improvement. The 2014-15 contract also places greater trust on the professionalism of GPs. I believe that it gives us a good platform for some of the further development work that needs to take place in order to find and create a sustainable general practice provision in Scotland. Overall, this Government's ambition with the GP contract is one that will enable GPs to get the time to do what they really want to do and to work with individuals to ensure that their medical care is right for them, their families, their carers and within their local environment. Malcolm Chisholm, Mr Chisholm, could you move your microphone? The contract has actually been finalised. He talked about the 2014-15 contract. I wonder whether there are still negotiations or is that it now for the first able future? Minister, I hope that you caught that. We have agreed for the 2014-15 contract the issues about building and going forward and how we can make sure that the contract moving forward is one that we can shape the reflex, the needs for general practice in Scotland going forward. We will do that with the Scottish General Practice Committee in order to develop that to make sure that it reflects the values that we have and to tackle issues such as recruitment and retention, as was highlighted by Alison McInneson and Annette Millan in their own contributions. There is also a range of work that can take place out with the contract in order to modernise general practice. It should be recognised that there is a tremendous amount of very innovative and improvement exercises that have already been undertaken at a local level. We are working with a number of practices to understand what works and how it works. We have also provided £1 million this year to the primary care modernisation programme in order to look at how we can make sure that we build on areas in which good practice has been identified. The first stage of that involves a programme with the strategic assessment of primary care by each of our health boards, which should be conducted at a local level and should form part of their local planning process for 2014-15. We are also co-finding a programme of work that has been led by NHS Highland in order to develop and test models for healthcare delivery, which is sustainable within remote and rural areas. There are some £1.5 million in order to allow them to test out different models of how we can meet the challenge of recruitment and retention, particularly in rural areas, and the model of care that can best meet the needs of those local communities. I turn to the point that Alison McInnes made and was also referred to by the net mill and around the planning of housing developments in local areas. The pressure that can then place on local service delivery. Health boards are key participants in the development of local development plans. That is to allow for the planning of sufficient healthcare provision in relation to any local development plan that has been taken forward by a local authority. Scottish planning policy makes it clear that local authorities must take account of the availability of public services and infrastructure when assessing sites for new housing developments, including areas such as primary healthcare provision. Those must be seen as being part of the core purpose of carrying out that local assessment process. I will give way to the net mill. The net mill will briefly please the minister in his final minute. Thank you for taking the intervention. Would the minister accept that there is a time lag between the developments that we are currently faced with and the projected medical facilities some years down the line? There is going to be a significant gap in the middle, which is what I was worrying about with Alison McInnes and myself. That is why that has got to be a key part of local authorities and their local planning process, which goes years ahead. That is why it is in the planning policy in order to make sure that that should be happening effectively. If local authorities are not doing that, then from what Alison McInnes appears to be suggesting from a sedentary position, is the case that that is a matter that has to be pursued vigorously with a local authority to ensure that it is part of their local development plan and that it has been taken account of. I recognise some of the specific pressures that are being experienced. I am conscious that the Presiding Officer is keen for this debate to finish on time. I say that there are a range of other areas that we are taking forward work and providing resource support to general practice in Scotland. I hope that the Presiding Officer has set out today some of the challenges that we as a Government are seeking to take forward as part of our delivery of the 2020 vision for health and social care. Members can be assured that we see general practice as being key to delivering the best quality of healthcare that we can for individuals at a local level. We will continue to work with partners in the BMA and within the healthcare sector overall to make sure that we continue to deliver that in the years to come. That concludes Alison McInnes' debate on the GP care campaign. I now suspend this meeting of Parliament until 2.30pm.


Daniel, do you see it?" I had been sound asleep, but that had never stopped my younger sister before, and that was okay. Huh? I replied, still half dreaming. It could have been a nightmare, actually, as I remembered running from something tall and… I saw the lights again. She continued. My feet stung briefly from the cold as I tossed the blanket against the wall and plopped them down onto the wooden floor. God, it's freezing. Did you open the window again? Just for a few minutes, she replied quickly. I wanted you to see them, too. I was tired and a bit frustrated as this was the fourth night in a row, but I tried not to show it. It's alright. C'mon. I put my arm around Ella's shoulder as we made a right turn in the second floor hallway and headed towards her bedroom. You know, you might feel a little better if you tried sleeping for once. She nodded. I'll try, but the lights always keep me up. I think they're…  I think they're getting brighter. I nodded and tucked her into the transformer's blanket that had been mine at her age. The thought struck me that it wasn't fair she wasn't able to have her own blankets instead of having to use my leftovers and that it was my fault. Checking her IV, I reconnected the plastic tubing and pressed the bright green continue button. Sitting down next to her, I spoke a question I didn't want to know the answer to. Are you in any pain? She looked up at me, surprised for some reason. Ella shook her head. No. Good. That's good. I continued, speaking more to myself than her probably. She looked tired and she needed her rest. Now go to sleep or they're red and green, you know. The lights, I mean. She interrupted. I watched her eyes closely as she spoke and maybe it was the glare of her bedside lamp but I thought that her face seemed more full of life than it had been in a long time, maybe even since the diagnosis. Red and green, huh? She nodded, looking over to the window and closing her eyes shut hard as if to try to picture what she had seen or thought she had seen again. They used to scare me. But now I think they remind me of Christmas. I wasn't sure what to think of that. So I forced a smile, kissed her on the forehead and said goodnight. I suppose you're wondering about the lights and perhaps you're curious as well to where our parents are. They died two years ago, two nights before Christmas. The memory of that night's phone call kept replaying over and over in my mind as I lay back down in my own bed and stared up at the ceiling. It was strange. I missed my parents terribly, but I'd never cried once since their passing. I'm not sure why. Some nights, many nights, I would stay up with my sister and watch the corners of her eyes fill with tears as she would almost always think of mom and dad at night. I think it's because they used to take turns telling her stories, scary one specifically, in my attempts at continuing the tradition seemed inept. Though she always seemed to like them anyway. I was more tired than usual tonight as I watched the shadows flicker across the wall behind the saltwater tank that had been my dad's. He had a goldfish that I swear was the size of a coffee cup and for some reason he would only come out at night. I read that that's unusual, but it was true regardless of what the fish people said. I'm not sure how much time passed after I fell asleep when a feeling of terror washed over me. Jumping out of bed, a chill passed through me as I saw the window was wide open again and there was what looked like a blizzard outside our home. Ella, I said, my mind racing. I rushed down the hallway to check her room, finding only an empty bed and the repetitive hum of her machine.  Ella, I shouted again, trying to make out her shape in the darkness. But it was impossible with the pitch black of the night and the winter storm that had seemingly come out of nowhere. I continued anyway. I had to find her. She wasn't in any shape for something like this and as I searched farther I pushed away the morbid nightmare of finding my younger sister, frozen to death, in the long field behind our home. My father had been a farmer and there were still 30 or so acres intact. Ella, I said again, pausing in hopes of hearing something, anything. That's when I saw the light and I froze. It was a terror I had never felt before and my eyes widened in disbelief and fear as the lime greens and rose reds illuminated the long field. The colors darkened and lightened and they seemed to dance as if they had a life of their own. Jay. I suddenly saw my sister in the dead center of them and I began to run towards her but it was short-lived. It seemed that each stride only seemed to push her farther away. It's okay Jay. She continued and that's when I saw them, my mother and father. They were floating on both sides of her and they smiled over at me as if to say, we'll take care of her now. The fear was gone then and tears filled my eyes instead as I understood. I watched as she waved goodbye as the three of them floated peacefully up into the sky and the light ceased, darkness replacing it. I didn't know what to do next.  All I knew for certain is that I was alone now. As I walked into my sister's room, the empty bed confirmed that it hadn't all been just a dream. Her blankets had even been folded neatly as if she knew that tonight she wouldn't be sleeping but going somewhere else entirely. I tried to smile but something didn't exactly seem right to me. The cameras, I thought, quickly running to my laptop and booting it up. My parents had two security cameras installed before they passed, one of them facing the field where this had all happened. Zooming back a few minutes, it was initially hard to see due to the snow but the bright lights finally pierced through and I zoomed in closer. No, I almost fainted. The security footage of the backyard showed my sister waving goodbye with two tall alien creatures standing around her. I watched as the three of them floated up and disappeared into the sky.


Welcome traders, another Tick-Nail Charter and me, Patrick Munney, want to draw your attention to gold on the daily timeframe, to look at this one yesterday in the live analysis session. We've pulled back in that three-way move into this pivotal support zone here, 1755 to 1745, watching for bullish reversal patterns here to set tactical long positions back through the monthly pivot, 1775, to get the third test, pivotal test of this 1850, that's going to be key decision point to the market because if we get very reversal patterns there, I'd actually be looking for short positions to target the bigger quality objective down to 1520. As always, traders, plan the trade, trade the plan, and most importantly, manage your risk. Until next time, thanks very much.


Hello everyone, welcome to this quick sharing on how to use Facebook Live. A lot of people are asking me how to really use Facebook Live because I know a lot of usage of Facebook Live recently. So these are some awesome tips that you can take a look in order to make sure that your Facebook Live streaming is going to be better. I don't know how many of you are watching this later, it's okay because it's pre-recorded, I just want to try it out. So what happened is Facebook has come up with a very nice creator or producer for live streaming. So what you can do is you go to this facebook.com, slash live and slash producer and you'll come to this page, this particular Facebook Live page. Now a lot of people don't know that Facebook Live can actually share screen. Right now I'm using it to do two things. You can actually start out with using the Facebook Live features by using only the camera by going to this page. You can set up using the camera or you can share screen. Now the problem is you can only choose one of it, you cannot do both together. So what I'm doing here is actually a workaround. Meaning I purposely use another software called Loom to show my face here while at the same time sharing the screen. So once you activate the screen here and you go live, you can't switch it to your camera anymore. So the workaround is to find another software like what I'm doing now, Loom. To find Loom software, you can just download from the Chrome, Loom for Chrome or download Loom as a software. And then you can actually show the screen by using the screencast or share screen feature in Facebook Live. So once you click share screen, you can share the whole screen. The advantage of doing this is that you can share your slides. Like now if I want to share my slides, you can actually see my slides. As compared to the normal Facebook Live that you see all the time. So I can also turn off this if I don't want to or make it bigger, make it smaller. I can show my avatar only. I can turn on my video and so on. So there's so many ways to use Facebook Live not just by showing your face. So this is one advantage of using share screen in Facebook Live. So how to go about it? Go to facebook.com.slive.com. Go to screen setup. Go to use camera. There's two choices here. You can either use your built-in camera or share your screen. Now for share screen, it will only share the screen without the camera. So one way is like what I'm doing now is to have another app installed to show your face while you are sharing your screen.


Beautiful souls owner here with the Art of Awakening and I just wanted to share with you today a beautiful beautiful transmission that I received recently around the topic of soul purpose and touching on the topic of money. Okay so here goes, expand your understanding of yourself. What you do here on earth is only a dim reflection of the transformation you are undergoing in a much higher level. What you can see and feel on the earthly plane is like a projection. It is visible and audible. You can even feel it but it is only a model or a fraction of reality that reflects the whole. The changes you make here, the actions you take do affect the all.  You are helping to shape creation in all that you do. What you feel called to do, deep down, does not come from your ego. It is from beyond, directed from beyond. Know this and trust this. Trust the impulses and the directives as you are guided. You are dancing apart in a larger pattern. Trust that you will be supplied with everything you need as you need it. One step builds on another. You earn the way through your actions. Put your mind at ease. Sometimes what you call thinking is only the habit of worry. Do not fret, give thanks and carry on. Whoever you are and wherever you are in the world, I send you a ton of love and remember you were born to be free.


We're back. We're live. The movie show. Me and George Kasin here on Think Tech Hawaii. And we're going to talk about Jolly and Wallabag, which is a city in the Punjab area of India, to the northwest of India, where in April of 1919, there was a horrendous massacre under the command of General O'Dwyer. O'Dwyer caused his troops to fire upon thousands of unarmed Indian people who were celebrating some kind of festival that day. And he killed thousands of thousands of people in cold blood. And this movie is a true story about that and what followed that. George, how did you like the movie in general? I think it was a very good movie. It was, as you said, it was a real story. And it was, the acting was superb. Vick or Vicky Koshal, who's a Bollywood actor, he was excellent. And then his beautiful Indian girlfriend deaf-mute Reshma, what was her name, Benita Santu, she was good. She didn't have much in there, but it was, you show the feeling between them and we'll discuss what happened to her in the massacre. And then Amit Parashar, that was Bandhu Singh, that was the, he was the leader of the Indian, one of the Indian movements for independence. So yeah, it was a good movie. Like some of the other movies we have seen, it's broken up. It's not contiguous. It shows you earlier period, later period, it just bounces back and forth. And that makes it a strong movie. So you have to think. So a very good movie. We'll get into the particulars as you wish. Yeah, sure. Well, before I forget, the name of the movie is Sar Udham. And that is the name of the individual who is the hero of the movie. And the villain, at least according to the British, who later executed an assassination of General O'Dwyer and some of his lieutenants in London 20 years later. It's quite remarkable the story of how he held on to that, never let it go, dedicated his life to assassinating this man in a way that would have the most significant historical effect on people. 20 years he waited for the right moment. So what's interesting about the movie is that it's not a Bollywood movie at all. It is a serious film. And it is close to being a documentary in the sense that it portends to follow, pretends to follow what happened in those 20 years. What's I guess to me most remarkable about it is you know that at some point in the movie, they're going to have to show you the massacre. And when they do, it's like pre quarters away into the movie. When they do it is just as bad as you ever might imagine. It is a masterwork of film for them to show you what happened in this square. But let's talk about him. He's of course dedicated, comes from the lower class, is a revolutionary, his friends are revolutionaries. And in the 1919 period there, I guess it was after the First World War, where the Indians fought for the British and died by the many, many thousands for the British. Nevertheless, the British were very hard on them in India. We forget how brutal colonialization was, colonialism, and it was quite brutal in India. We forget because now everything is independent and India is a successful country, although it took a lot of hits in COVID. But we don't remember exactly how tough the British were. Tough is the wrong word, it's brutal. This was a complete and unadulterated atrocity, a major atrocity in world history that so many thousands of unarmed men, women and children should be shot down in their tracks. And when they fell, you know, dismembered by rifle bullets, the British troops went and shot him again. It was horrible. So what about Sardar Houdam? What motivated him? What was, you know, how did he spend that 20 years in reacting to the massacre and then ultimately planning and executing an assassination of the general who commanded the massacre? He was sleeping when this massacre occurred and one of his close friends came mortally wounded to where he was his residence and he saw him and he told him before he died what had happened, right? And immediately Sardar Houdam went to the site, which was the former garden that was where this massacre took place, right? And started to see all these dead bodies and people injured. So he started on this little cart, taking people to a hospital there to try to save their lives. And one after, there were only two or three people that were doing this, you know? But so and then he held onto this. Now he, as an aside, his mother had died young and he was with, he was raised in an orphanage with his brother, his parents, you know, had died young. So he had a tough life, right? But as I said, he had this girlfriend, you know, a beautiful Indian woman.  And so then at the massacre, I think she died too, but they don't really show you. I think they show her. Well, I think they make it clear enough that she died, right? She might have been still alive when he found her or but only barely. And that's the last time you see her in the movie. So it's reasonable assumption is that she died. Now what he did, the British authorities, because he was a revolutionary, they had a they had an eye on him, right? In India, right? They had him on a list or something. But he was able to escape through the Himalayas into Russia. They show all those snow scenes in Russia, where he finally gets himself to England, to London, right? Under an assumed name, he's got all these different passports of different five or six different names. So he was able to get him in and they've they lost him. They mean they didn't know where he was, right? And he started working in a in a as a welder. First, he started working as a salesman. He meets up with Michael O'Dwyer, who was who was the lieutenant governor of Punjab. The general was Dyer and Michael O'Dwyer. So so he he meets up with him and he becomes and say he's selling things. And he he he sort of spies on Michael O'Dwyer, you know, all the things he's doing. Well, he gets into his service. He works in his house. He helps him on everything. He's with him just feet away. And you say to yourself, why isn't he assassinating him now? And the answer is, George, because he's he's learning all about Michael O'Dwyer, what his insensitivity toward what he did. I mean, he he he ordered General Dyer to shoot these people. And just another aside, that part that place where it is, there was only one entrance and one exit. It used to be a park, but it was the greenery wasn't there. And you had 20,000 people. And they couldn't even get out because it was like there was only one entrance. And that's where the soldiers came. Well, they were locked in. They were locked in. They couldn't get out. There was no other exit. So the soldiers came to that only entrance and exit and started shooting from there and blocked it wouldn't let them out. Right. So they just came and then after they were dying, they shot them again. Now, so the thing is, he wanted to learn exactly the Sadat Wundum wanted to learn everything about. So he learns the whole thing about Michael O'Dwyer, who was the lieutenant governor of Punjab, but that ordered the massacre, right. And then he, you know, he's thinking he's got a gun. He's thinking of shooting him with that in there. But I think what he wanted, he wanted to do it in a public place with a lot of people around, right, similar to what happened, you know, with the massacre in Amitsar. So basically he holds off, he holds off, and then he takes a gun and he puts it in a book, right. He cuts the outline of the gun and puts it in a book. And he goes to this thing where Michael O'Dwyer is talking about white man's burden and how he had to put fear in the Indians. You know, they were all unarmed. It was giving a speech.  Now, there were two Indian revolutionaries who had been arrested but hadn't really done anything. So they were also, this is why they had the rally, you know, to just give support. So basically, so he finally gets to London and he, he's working in, as you said, he ends up, he's a salesman, then he's working in a well shop, then he's working for Michael O'Dwyer as his servant. So he learns all about the Michael O'Dwyer and how horrible Michael O'Dwyer is and his racism and, you know, put, he wanted to put fear in these people. That's why he ordered it. So finally, yes, he goes to this public place where Michael O'Dwyer is talking and he shoots him, right.  And at the end, you know, as it goes on, finally, the prosecutor or the detective wants to understand the whole thing. So he finally opens up, Michael O'Dwyer opens up and tells this detective the whole story about what happened, how he had to save these people on this cart. And, and, and, and he learned, he had learned from working for O'Dwyer, right, exactly where O'Dwyer was coming from, what was his modus operandi, put fear in these Indians, right, kill, kill to put fear in the whole country. And this was at Amisar in Punjab, right. And it was at this park that you mentioned. Yeah. So yeah, there's a picture of Punjab. It's near the border of Pakistan, up in the northwest corner of India. Punjab is, we've heard that name before. I mean, it's a significant location in India.  Jalyan Walabagh. That's the park again. Yeah. Bog must be in the park. Is that, yeah, Jalyan Walabagh. This family who had previously been very wealthy in that, in that neighborhood, like hundreds of years ago, that had set up this park greenery, but there was no more greenery in 1919. It was just a, you know, barren, you know. But it was all, as I said, locked in. There was only one entrance and one exit.  There's no way out. No, that was intentional. It was not, you know, a mistake or anything. Dwyer, I guess, the general who stood there while his men, including some Indian men, were shooting rifles into these unarmed people and who were being, you know, maimed.  And the people who were wounded were badly wounded and it was, it was really striking how Sardar Udam took them in this little cart, stacking them one on top of the other when they were dying or dead, went to this hospital where they could receive very little help. And where most of them actually died, including his girlfriend. There was no antibiotics in 1919. So if you get an infection from those wounds, you did. Yeah. And it wasn't, you know, that clean. I mean, this is, this is a developing country at best at the time. But they were, don't you think, it gave us an insight into the Indian character, into his character. He was clearly a hero in trying to do the right thing all the way. And he felt that assassinating this guy was really important to even the score. But not just vengeance. It was to try to show the world how the Brits had not only massacred all these people, but they covered it up. There's a huge big cover up for 20 years. And he was going to make a point about it. So I felt that the Indians who participated as actors in the program and in the movie, and the people who you saw them conduct themselves, they were all, you know, elegant people. They were really quite civilized. And it was tragic for that reason. But the Brits didn't see them that way. The Brits saw them as underclass, subservient of no consequence. So therefore they could kill them, you know, without sanction, without thinking twice about it. And, you know, I had the impression that this was the biggest massacre that happened in that period of time, right after World War One, but there were others. And the Brits were doing that kind of thing through the Indians. That's the way they felt they could secure their colony. That's the way they felt, as you said, as O'Dwyer said to Sardar Udam and to the people at that gathering where O'Dwyer spoke, and he spoke about this in clear terms. And we have to subjugate them. We have to frighten them. That way we can hold on to our colony. It was a statement of British colonialism. And if you thought about it and you looked at the massacre you saw in this movie, you saw the blood and gore of the massacre for sure. It was really a piece of work. And, you know, what would you expect with those rifles and those big cartridges and all these unarmed people? They were torn apart. And the movie showed you that. And, you know, in the title of our little show here is the long shadow of that massacre. It's stuck with people. So if you want to do that to people you subjugate in a colony, you're going to lose the colony, not right away, but soon enough. And I think it wasn't only Sardar Udam who was a kind of revolutionary making the point, you can't do that to us. We will not tolerate that. I think there were incidents and other uprisings in India in those 20 years that made it clear to Britain there was no mileage in trying to hold on to this colony. Mahatma Gandhi, he believed in peaceful protest. And eventually he was able to get India freed from British rule. But it wasn't only the British. A lot of the other colonial powers were also doing horrible things. I mean, if you know the history of Haiti and how the slaves uprising and killed all the French overlords, because the French overlords were brutal. It was horrible what they were doing to the slaves and Haiti. So I mean, the French, the Dutch, this was pretty much typical colonial, as you mentioned, colonial way of operating, which was, so I mean, this movie really sort of hit home. The brutality was just unbelievable. And as you said, seeing all those bodies and seeing Sardar Udam trying to save these people, hysterically working with that cart. All night long, all night long, to the point of exhaustion, moving that cart back and forth through the alleys and small streets in that city to try to save just a few lives. It was thundering. It was remarkable. But it left a mark with him and it took him 20 years. And as we alluded to, he wanted to do this where there would be a lot of world news. So he did this in London, right? In front of maybe 200, 400 people. So it will be in the news. And then they tortured him, too. He was going on a hunger strike and they force fed him to open the tube down into his stomach to give him food because he wanted to have a, and then finally he was executed. He had a good lawyer, but he was finally executed. But the British, that was British justice. Just like the other movie we saw with Kate Goon. Yeah, no official secrets. Just the last time we had our show, we covered that. And I really wanted to make the comparison. And that was later. This happened in the late thirties, the assassination. By the way, in addition to killing this lieutenant governor, O'Dwyer, he wounded a number of others who were working for that guy, who were part of his coterie. So it wasn't limited to just O'Dwyer. But the point I make is that, to follow on your comment about how they, of course, he surrendered. He was right there. They grabbed him immediately and they took him to jail. And it was clear what he had done. And so the question is, how were they going to treat him? Well, there was no humanity there at all. They just tortured him for the sake of it because he was a revolutionary. Because he assassinated a public official, they were just going to torture him until he was a wreck. And they went on for months torturing him. Is that the mark of a civilized country? You thought that Britain, who was trying to save itself from Germany in World War I and World War II, would be a civilized country. This was not civilized, what they did to him. And by the way, you mentioned earlier, George, that in the 1919 period, they were following him. There was a lot of intelligence gathering going on. There were a lot of intelligence officers arresting people in the middle of the night, breaking their doors down in India. So the Brits, who were the colonial power in India, were awful right through that period between the two World Wars. They weren't nice at all. And it was war crimes, what they were doing. I mean, by the current definition, it's very ironic that they should be involved in Nuremberg after they themselves had been involved in these brutal massacres, unnecessary, without a good reason, and without any humanity whatsoever. And the connection between the British action in 1937 or thereabouts is really hard to actually connect it with what happened to Kate Gunn in official secrets. They arrested her. They try to throw her husband out of the country. And as I recall, he was Pakistani. He was not white. He was Kurd. He was Kurd. Okay, okay. He was not white. He was clearly a Middle Eastern person. They dumped on him. They held him in immigration in Netherland and then tried to deport him. It was only through her political efforts that she was able to save him from a deportation, which would have been awful. They were married. And he was either a permanent resident or citizen of Britain. They just treated him terribly. And they treated her terribly too. But nothing like him and nothing like the Indians. And what I get out of that, George, is that colonialism and what the British were doing through most of the 20th century was racist. Colonialism is racism. Get it? Yeah. And taking all the produce from India and selling it, like literally economically stripping the country of some of its resources and taking it to London and making money on it. So I couldn't agree. But bottom line is, here in America, our hands aren't clean. We've done similar things, maybe not going out and actually massacring people. But I mean, if you look here... Oh, we've done that too. Yeah. I mean... There are times in American history it's not hard to find where we did massacre and cause the death and suffering of whole groups of people usually on the basis of race. Native Americans. Yeah. There you go. And then Iraq, this whole thing. We talked about that with the other with the upper official secrets, that whole thing about Iraq or the Iraqis that died. So it's like similar racism. It's religious race, race, religious discrimination and looking down at people. And we're not... I mean, they're in Muslim countries that look down at Christians and Jews as being expendable too. So it's not... I mean, this is just... It's a superiority kind of thing. And the Brits, as you said, sitting at Nuremberg, what a joke. I'll leave it at that. Now, the Holocaust was certainly worse than... What is it? Chellianna bad. You get that right. Chellianna wallab bag. It's hard to make a comparison, but it's that cold-blooded killing of civilians, women, children, unarmed for the sake of the atrocity. What happened to my family in Turkey too, the same story. I mean, I don't want to do my personal thing, but that happened too in 1914. 600,000 to a million people getting just killed. Civilians, not revolutionaries, just civilians. So it's ubiquitous. It's any time you had a powerful empire that want to subjugate and then they create fear and they kill people. So it's like... It's not unique to the Brits. Let's put it that way. Yeah, but there's two things that followed Chellianna wallabag, two things. One is the Brits didn't talk about it. They covered it up and tried to disable, if you will, neutralize anyone who might reveal what they did. It's really important that we understand that because that seems to be the process. First you have a massacre, however that gets organized, and then you don't speak about it and cover it up. And then when somebody finds out what you did, ready? You deny it. That's right. And the United States is not unacquainted with this process. I mean, just a few days ago, after the United States, especially through the army, denied that civilians were killed in large numbers in Syria, the New York Times did its own investigation and found, oh yes, they were. The 70 or 80 of them were killed by American planes and bombs. There was one bomb that killed most of them. There was a second bomb that killed the rest of them. And we didn't know on either of those bombs. What is that?  And then there was the cover up. And Trump got up there and made all these statements about how we had won against ISIS, won against the Syrian civilians. That's what we won against. So the problem is it's right here at home too. But the lesson, let me offer you a thought about the lesson, George. What saves us from being inhumane here? What saves us from the war crime aspect of this? Often it's not the government that conducted the massacre or the military organization that kept it a secret or the officials that denied it once it got to be a public issue. It's the press. It's the New York Times. It's that kind of institution that reveals this and makes us know about it. And if we know about it, I mean, it's not going to be a guarantee that it'll never happen again, but at least we know enough to know it was wrong and maybe it will affect things going forward. Maybe it will reduce the possibility of it happening again. What do you think about that? Yes. And definitely to have an independent press that is going to report this stuff and Sardar Udam, because where he assassinated O'Dwyer, he wanted it to be in the press. So we need those independent journalists to report this stuff. And that's the key here. Yeah. And what was your question again, Jay? You had a specific question. What was it again? Well, that was it. I just wanted to know what we take from this movie. Just one point on this movie. It is pretty much true. It's a true story of what happened. And you have to give credit to the Indian film industry for covering this. This is not Bollywood. This is not a romance. This is not a happy story about life at home and all the movies that we see. They make an enormous number of movies, thousands and thousands of movies every year. This is a new genre for India, I think. This is a genre which tells you a story the world needs to know about. For me, I did not know about this massacre. I did not know about Jolly and Wabar. I did not know about Sardar Udam. And this was a real eye-opener for me on multiple levels about colonialism, about the character, the nature of the Indian character, about revolutions in colonial subjugations like this, about Britain. It reinforces what we learned in the official secrets movie. So it's like an education we're getting, George. Don't you think? We ought to do more of these kinds of movies. It's troubling to know that there's not that many of them, but we can find them and we should review them. Don't you think? Oh, yeah, because especially things that people don't know about, like this massacre in Amitsar that happened. But the Brits did other things. There's other instances of brutality that we're really not aware of around the world because they said that the sun never sets on the British Empire and they had colonies all over the place. And so there were probably other possibilities with that. There was other brutalities as well. Well, there are atrocities happening right now. I mean, in a number of countries, for example, in Africa, think tech has been covering them like talking to the African people that are on the ground and in those countries or from those countries. And they will tell you that things in terms of the atrocities, the coup d'etat, making terrible experiences for the people are increasing now for reasons I don't fully understand. But one thing is the Atlantic published an article by Anne Appelbaum a couple of days ago. I don't know if you saw that it was somehow on this point. It was the story of how authoritarian governments these days are autocrats in various countries with different ideologies. Russia, China, their ideology is very different. And some in South America, Venezuela, they admire each other. And they learn from each other. And they have a kind of club network with each other. And they engage in atrocities. And that is increasing. And it's very troubling to know that they're kind of in a partnership to engage in atrocities and have a war against democracy wherever it is. We live in very difficult times. And those times are not limited to the United States, although the United States is an unhappy story right now. But they're global. These are global events. And that's why it's important for us to study these stories like Jelly and Wallabar. It's important for us to understand about violations of human rights and what right thinking people can do to limit Jelly and Wallabar.   So he was an authoritarian. Then January 6 he was he's an authoritarian. And he was on good terms with all these autocrats, you know, around the world. I mean, those were his buddies. So we got to look at this issues going on right in our own country, right? And now Trump says he's going to run again, you know, and if he wins, he's never going to leave, you know, I mean, he'll probably find a way to stay in office for 12, 14 years or whatever. So we've got issues here. I mean, let's let's leave it at that. Yeah. And what's interesting, you know, to follow on that point just for a moment is that while he's friendly with Erdogan and Putin and some in some strange way with Xi Jinping and what's his name, Madura in South America, all these autocrats, he spent a lot of time and energy dumping on democracies, trying to undermine that all the democracies in Europe, for example. Exactly. So where is that going? You know, I mean, this is, this is really, it's worse than we thought. He wasn't just being ignorant and, you know, violating all the norms of foreign relations for this country, foreign affairs for this country. He was actually doing what Anne Applebaum has called him out for now. It's worth reading that article, George. It's in the Atlantic this week. I'll take a look at it. Yeah. Thank you for alluding to that. George Kasin, my movie reviewer person. I really enjoy these discussions with you, George. It's really valuable in more, much more than just reviewing the movie. It's reviewing the movie against other movies. It's reviewing the movie against our life in these times and these United States and in the world. It's getting a handle, you know, on the reality. Thank you so much, George. Thank you, Jay. Definitely totally agree with you that there's other issues that are coming to play. Yep. Thank you.