You know, community matters here in the, well, let's call it the three o'clock flock. On a given Tuesday, we have Christine Linders, she's a physical therapist, and she works for a company called Christine Linders, Physical Therapist. Why am I not surprised? Hi, Christine. Thanks for coming down. Hi, Jay. Thank you so much for having me. So, today we're doing physical therapy below the waist. It's a really wonderful title. It is. It's not what you think. There is body parts below the waist that we need to talk about. Yeah. So, let's talk about, first, let's talk about what is physical therapy? I mean, if I break a bone, you're going to be able to help me? Nah. No. Well, I'd be able to help you after the doctor fixes the bone or sets the bone, then I help get that body part back to working, whether it's muscles, joints, and tendons so that you can function with that now repaired bone. Okay. Muscles, joints, and tendons. That's what you're working on. That's right. They call us the Muscular Skeletor Experts of being a health professor. I think the old thing about the hip muscle is connected to the leg muscle is connected to the foot muscle right over there. That's right. That's what's called the kinetic chain. And it means when your foot hits the ground or a body part hits the ground, there's a series of events that happen from joint to joint to joint when we're reacting to gravity that occur in our body. And we need those things to move as normally as we can for us not to have pain or injury. Yeah. So the first thing is for you to understand what's going on, you have to have this kind of x-ray vision where you can see through the body and you can see the muscles and the joints and the tendons. You can see it all and you can figure out from questions or from asking a client patient what do you call it? A client patient. I call them patients. Some people call them clients. So seeing a patient move and you can also say try this and try that and we'll put pressure on this or pressure on that. And after a while, it doesn't take long, you figure out, you get the x-ray vision working and you figure out what's going on, right? That's right. That's right. I usually start with asking the questions of why they're there, what hurts when it started, was it because of an event, did it kind of come on out of nowhere? And if it's out of nowhere, a lot of times I ask, as I'm starting to watch them move and I start see some of these things with my x-ray vision, I start questioning them based on what I'm seeing. Did you ever sprain your ankle in the past or I look at their back and think, did you ever have a tailbone injury because something looks crooked, it doesn't look aligned? And I ask more questions throughout as I see the dysfunction or the body parts moving and I always find something. People will say sometimes, oh yeah, but that was 10 years ago.  It may go a little out of whack, so to speak. In layman's terms, now you keep moving for 10 years. You don't have to play sports. You could just be walking to work, going around your house, doing housework, picking up for kids from school. But you're walking. Remember, kinetic chain, everything's moving from the bottom up.  Compensating. That's right. Ten years later, all of a sudden something hurts and you can't relate it to something that happened recently. It could be something that happened a very long time ago. And that's where the questions as I'm watching someone move come into play because I like to figure out what caused it so I can treat that, not just what's hurting now. Go back to the root cause. That's right. So it could be more than 10 years, 20, 30. It could be in your childhood or something. That's right. And you have been compensating all these years and then you get a secondary effect. That's right. I've had people go back to childhood and had a fall or broke something in their spine and me asked them many times. And on the third or fourth session, they say, you know what? I was, I remember this girl. She was ringing some church bells when she was eight or nine years old as an altar girl. And one of the ropes slipped and she fell on the stair on the altar and cracked one of her thoracic vertebrae because something was off. I'd worked on her for three sessions and I couldn't figure out why. She didn't have a car accident. She didn't have any major trauma. And then I said, what about like years ago? Anything? Oh, my gosh, I thought of what it was.  The thoracic spine and the rib cage connect very intricately. And so that was the thing. I corrected dysfunction and she felt better. Oh, wow. It pays attention to look back. Sometimes you don't need to. In that case, you just described, she didn't remember it first. Then you drew her out. I drew it out. And I think it was part of, I used to know a psychological accountant, a psychiatric accountant. And he said half of his practice was about psychiatry because he had to find out what was really going on. It's like design thinking. You have to find out what's really going on. And what they tell you may not be what's really going on. So you have to get beyond that. You get through that. Sometimes, am I right? Yeah, you're right. They don't tell you what they should be telling you. Sometimes they're actually not telling you the truth as they know it. It's true. They're putting you on. It's true. It's true. Sometimes people don't want to tell you what really happened. They're embarrassed or it was injury that they don't care to discuss with someone who I would be a stranger to them on the first session. And so it helps to keep that line of questioning but developing with poor, poor. I like people. I want to help people. And so I think I get that. So if they're kind of quiet in the first session or the first half, almost, I'd like to say 100% of the time, by the end, they're telling me things and they're things that they didn't say in the first half an hour while I'm working on them or while I'm doing my manual therapy intervention to make a correction on our first session, people start to open up and tell me things. And that probably has to do with your psychological accountant. It's a relationship that you have with someone and there's trust that goes on. And when you feel that someone is caring about the service they're providing, you're more likely to open up and think about those things, especially when they're I'm continuing to ask questions. I don't just stop there. I want to know. I want to figure it out. And I think people get that. Within the hour, if they're closed off in the beginning, they get that by the end. Or they get that by the second session. It doesn't have to be the first time. I'm going to see them again. Yeah. Oh, I love that. So it's actually about liking people. It's about establishing. This is the best way to deal with humanity in general. Establishing different relationships with different people. Treating them as individuals, not as profiled group or anything like that. You said it. You said it. We all are individuals and we all have different bodies, body types, different dysfunctions that we were born with, different injuries that we've had as children, car accidents, you name it. Falls, sports injuries, and we all have different thought processes and emotional processes. So it is a variety all day long on how to get what I need from someone so I can give them the best of me to get them to be able to get back to doing whatever they want. How long does it take you to do that? How many times you want to see them? How often? What do you want them to do when they go home? What are you going to do to follow up when you see them the next time? That's a multiple compound question. I wish I wrote that job. See what you can do with it. OK, I'm going to tell you. So what I want to find out from them is what hurts, where it hurts, when it hurts, and what it's stopping them from doing in their life, whether it's their sport taking up their kid. I want to know what their goal is. And sometimes they don't have a goal other than I don't want to have any more pain. But I want to know, what do you want to do that you can't do right now? Because that's my goal. If it's, hey, I want to go paddleboarding. Have you ever done it before? No, but I want to go paddleboarding. And this injury is stopping me from being able to try. Reminds me of the old joke about, now I'm going to play the violin again. Did you play it before? No. No, yeah, the doctor question, right? Am I going to be Mozart? Did you want to say Mozart? No, OK, well, yes, you can. But then what I try to do is I will try to correct the dysfunction, explain it to them. It's important for me, if you were with me in my office, that I have you look in the mirror and see, J, look, this is crooked. You need to fix this. You're leaning this way all day. Or when you are on your show, you're always leaning like I'm leaning. That's going to set up a process of a habit that's going to cause your body to be abnormal. That's true. It is true. You saw me in your new immediate. That's amazing. X-ray vision, you said it, right?  I show them in the mirror, and it's always great to see the, oh my gosh, Bob, but that feels weird. I want them to pay attention to how they're moving abnormally during the day. Because if they come out of that, even part of the time, the pain goes down. So I call awareness to those things that I see in the evaluation. Especially when it's not bilateral. When it's not bilateral. When it's favoring one side or the other, you know you've got an issue there. You know you're going to get one if you don't have one now. So that's one of the most helpful things, because that's something people can integrate into their day without spending 10 or 15 minutes doing exercises. But I will give people, OK, now your number one job is to pay attention to this. I want you to think about it. If you have a spouse at home, have them remind you if they see it, or friends at work, have them stop and look. But then I want them to do something corrective like I showed on Movement Matters a couple of weeks ago. They give you one simple exercise that I tell people. It's not a burden. Let's get you going. Let's get you aware of this. You're going to do this thing. And then I also want them to come back feeling better. So I pick the intervention that I know is going to get the most relief for them based on what I attended to in the evaluation so that they come back and say, you know what? I felt less pain. I want that for them when they come there. OK, let's dwell right on that. So suppose they go home and they forget all about it because they're in a busy life. They don't do it, or they don't do it enough, or they don't do it as much as you told them to do it, or they don't do it right. And they maybe forget how to do it. You only with them a little while. And maybe they forget what it's like and only come back to you, I assume, a week later, maybe, or something like that? Yeah, it could be a couple of days, or it could be a week. If I'm seeing it for the first time at the second half of the week. So how do you know if they did their homework or did not do their homework? I don't know when I first meet them. But I used to print out exercises or an exercise for them on one of the programs that they have. With the graphics and the drawing, yeah. My exercises have now become different than they show. And I have a very specific way I want people to do them. So I explain it to them. I get an 8 and 1 1 1 sheet of paper. I write it out. I draw it out. They make fun of my drawings, but that's fun. And it's something novel. It's not a piece of paper that has things that you are used to seeing. It's novel. It's written instructions, a picture, and I think, and it's true in neuroscience, that our brain needs novel cues to make a change. It needs to be something different than we had before. And I find that as my novel thing. I do have people come back and say, oh, I forgot. But that's almost never. It's a very small percentage. Most people come back, the bulk, and say, I was more aware of what you told me to do. Or I did this, but not as much as I should. But I knew I was coming back. So can you review that with me? Or I did it this way. And I say, OK, that's great. But now I wanted you to do this. Oh, that's right. So there's little tweaks that you do because it is hard to learn something new. These are exercises that I've been doing for 23 years. And they're seeing it for the first time. Is it supposed to hurt when they do this? No, it's not supposed to hurt. Just stretching or moving in a certain way? It's not supposed to hurt. When I massage people to loosen up a muscle that is in spasm, and people say that hurts, that oftentimes, I don't want to say it's supposed to hurt. But most of the time, a dysfunctional muscle does hurt when you rub on it. And I tell people, that would be normal if it hurts. And I'm usually poking on something hard that my hand is telling me, that's abnormal. And I ask, does that hurt? Wow, yes, that does hurt. Well, this is why. It kind of feels firm under my fingertips, whereas the other side feels pliable and supple and springy. Yeah, yeah. So when you're doing the exercises, you should not feel pain. And I try to tell people that, does that hurt? And that's why I try it. Oh, that hurts. How about if you do it this way then? How about if you don't do that and you do this? I send them home with something that doesn't hurt, because if I give them something that hurts. They won't do it. And it's aggravating the tissue that they're there seeing me to help. How many times they come and see you? I tend to see people twice a week. Sometimes I see people once a week. It really depends on their schedule. The only time I'd ever seen someone three times a week is if, say, they had a total knee replacement or an ACL surgery or a shoulder surgery that stiffened up. Sometimes people get so stiff after surgery they build a lot of scar tissue and they need to be seen more frequently because their range of motion, if they come twice a week, is just not gonna get there. But that's rare. Most that's a rare occurrence. It does happen. And you see them at a more frequent duration. So how long? For what? Well, how long are the meetings? Oh, okay. And how many weeks? That's a double question. So that varies on the person. So if someone came in with knee tendonitis, I would see them once or twice a week. Probably twice a week. Usually I like to say I wanna see you twice a week for the first couple of weeks. Then we can go down to once a week because I'm gonna be doing my manual therapy and showing them exercise, making sure they know it. But now, if it was up to me, I would love to see them twice a week. But I give people the option. People have a busy schedule. Sometimes with insurance, they wanna draw their visits out. If there's not a date expiration date on the visits, but there's a certain number, they wanna draw them out because they're only gonna get a date. Oh, spread it out, sure, yeah. Spread it out. Let's do four up front, twice a week for two weeks. Then let's do one for two weeks. And then if you're feeling good, we can do one every other week so that you're getting back to your activity and you're still checking into me as you're stressing what I just tried to help you with. Okay, let's talk about below the waist now. All right. I love the title of the show. Me too. Next show we're gonna do above the waist, but today it's below the waist. I like that. Okay, what is below the waist that you deal with that we should be concerned about? Okay, so below the waist, the major joints that we're talking about are your hip, your knee, and your ankle. And then very major but smaller joints are the joints in the foot. There are many. The lower body or the lower extremity as physical therapists or health professionals call it is very important because you walk from one place to another.  Also affects your life if you can't get around. If you're not ambulatory, oh my goodness, you can't live the ordinary kind of life you hope to live, yeah. You can't, people have trouble getting from point A to point B. I had that trouble when I was living in New York City and I had a stretch fracture in my heel and now I have a fifth floor walkup. I have to be on crutches to get to work and now I'm trying to get a cab, crutching around in the city and it was one of the most difficult experiences I've ever gone through with all the injuries that I've sustained. So I appreciate when someone has a foot or ankle injury because you can't put it on the ground, it hurts and now you still need to go about your day. You need to go grocery shopping on crutches. I had a across the body bag.  It was a challenge and that's the foot. That's the first thing that hits the ground but it's the thing that carries all of our body weight plus the force of gravity. So you better get corrected, whatever it takes. Yeah. Okay, so the hip, let's talk about, I'm going down here, the hip. What could go wrong with the hip and what can you do to fix the hip and what can the patient do to fix the hip? So there's a lot of things that can go wrong with the hip. People can get a labral tear which is the cartilaginous ring that supports the ball in the socket. People can get tendonitis from running. You get sciatica which is an inflammation of the sciatic nerve where it pierces through your piriformis muscle. Runners that have hip weakness or have had a back injury or an unstable foot can have sciatica because the piriformis muscle now tries to overwork to control the leg which you'll see in some of the pictures that we're gonna talk about later and people get piriformis syndrome. They get the iliotibial band syndrome which is a tendon that runs from your hip to the outside of your knee when it attaches to a muscle that's right up at the top of your hip. The muscle is like about as long and as fat as my thumb. She's pointing to her right hip. Talking about a muscle that runs down from the waist just below the waist. All the way down. All the way down. Down on the outside. It doesn't go on the inside though. That's another muscle that goes on the inside. That's another muscle. That's another muscle. All right. And so people can get hip arthritis as well. They can get it from trauma and injury. You can get it from genetic issues that you've had. People have a shallow socket sometimes or a square peg in a round hole or vice versa where the socket wasn't formed for a full ball and a full socket. And you can just get osteoarthritis if you're prone to it or rheumatoid arthritis. So is rheumatoid arthritis reversible? That's a good question. Rheumatoid arthritis, no. Osteoarthritis, no. Although that might be a better question for the regenerative medicine. But what I do with my patients that have, let's say severe hip arthritis, I've seen golfers with severe hip arthritis. What happens when you get hip arthritis is it's a wearing away of the surfaces. So the ball may not be smooth and round. It may be more like my fist. Or the socket may have pits like craters in the moon. And so as you move through your day and the ball moves to the socket, it bumps into exposed bone because that cartilage isn't covering anymore. But also it's the altered mechanics. The head of the hip can move forward and start rubbing on that and give you more arthritis. And where I come into play is I start restoring their normal mechanics.  And then the arthritis is still there but it's not touching the arthritis because the arthritis is where all the abnormal joint mechanics were moving similar to what happens at the knee. This is really very helpful, Christine. You know the thing about videos, you don't have to make notes, you just listen to it again. Yeah, that's right. I like that about this. You catch all the nuances. Okay, and then the muscle on the inside, is that from the hip also? Yeah, the muscle on the inside runs all the way down from your pelvic bone down the inside of your knee. There's many muscles, they call them adductor muscles. There's also hamstrings that are just behind the adductor muscle, again, running same distribution.  There's those that come right down the center of your knee as well. So this is a serious problem. I mean, how long does it take to fix something? Let's say I fully cooperate with you, I do everything you want me to do and then I come to see you once every few days and you need it as necessary. That's spelled K-N-E-A-D. Need it as necessary? Yes, yes. Okay, how long does it take me to get out of the woods on that? I think that it could be anywhere from four visits to four months depending the severity of your injury. Can I run while this is happening? I like to keep my people doing what they love as long as it's not making them worse and as long as they're getting better. So runners, tennis players, athletes, walkers, everybody that's paddlers, whoever, everybody that's doing everything, if they're doing it and they're saying it hurts worse, well then we, I do an intervention, have them try it. Does it feel better? Ooh, yeah, that didn't hurt afterward. Okay, great, so I'm gonna keep you doing what you want but if there's a point where you are sore and you're not getting better, I'm gonna have to stop it for a couple weeks. The reason why I don't like to stop things, if it's not making them worse and if they continue to get it better with what I'm doing with them, is because other things get weak. And then people go back and I know from personal experience when you're resting something, now you go back and a lot of your body has lost that sport specific training to whatever you're doing, whether it is walking or lifting your kids and now people come back with some other problems. So I'm very smart about it, it's very individual, I'm open communication with whoever I'm working with at the time, I'd like to keep you doing this, but if this is happening then we're gonna have to take a break. It's a relationship, it's interactive, it's communication, all that stuff, thinking of which, it's time, it's time for our pictures. Okay. We're gonna show some pictures now and Christine's gonna tell you what they mean and what we can learn from them. There's the picture, first picture. First picture, so with this picture, let's look at the left leg, which is the leg that's on the ground on your right side.  That's normal mechanics for doing like a single leg squat, stepping down, going down a stair. Now if you go to the neck shot. What role does the dog play in all of that? He wouldn't stop coming into the field of vision. So a psychic benefit, okay, next picture. To feel good. So this picture shows, if you look at my hands, you can see that one hand is lower than the other. When I see that in the clinic, that means that that hip on that side is having a function problem. Interesting, interesting. Observe, you have to be very observant to see that. I wouldn't notice that. I show people in the mirror all the time because whether you're coming to me with knee pain or ankle pain or you have a disc injury that's making that muscle weak, you're gonna have knee pain.  If you're a young girl playing volleyball and landing or a basketball player or someone, a baseball player throwing, that sets someone up for an ACL injury because the foot bones connected to the knee bone and the thigh bone, right, that's the jingle. So if you see, now my knee is inward of my hip. So the alignment is off and that puts a great amount of strain on the structures, the non-contractile structures, the one that don't stretch, which is your ligaments like your ACL, your medial collateral ligaments, your plantar fascia, your menisca, your menisca, that puts extra strain and that's where abnormal motion over time for arthritis causes wear and tear that causes arthritis. So people don't know they have it, they've never injured their knee. They come into me and I see this and I say, well, I know why you've got arthritis because now your knee bones have been twisting like this every step you take, every stair you went down, every time you've bent down to get something out of the stove. And now you have wear and tear that's caused you, you're hurting yourself but you've never injured yourself. Yeah, yeah, yeah. On this picture you have a model on that picture. Now the model demonstrates that she has an imbalance on her hip, do you have to pose that or does she really have an imbalance? I had to pose that but that person did have an imbalance. Getting stoned by picture number one is corrected now. That model is trying not to injure her knee for this talk to show it to people because it's important to see it, you know. Will you say everybody has something? You know, I make a comment about Olympic athletes. And I say that everybody has something for the most part, but when you get these bodies that are working so well, like someone that can get to the caliber of Olympics, their joint and body alignment has to be as close to as symmetrical as possible for them to avoid career-ending injuries, which is why other people that would be Olympic hopefuls never get to that point in their career. That's the difference. That's the difference. So not everybody has something maybe musculoskeletal. Everybody has something in their body that they may find out when they're 90. Maybe they have tooth problems. It doesn't have to be physical. But the Olympic athlete is the analogy that I make because they move as close to normal as possible, which is why they can exercise for six to eight or whatever hours a day that they do. They're not hurting themselves. For years to get to that level and not be done. Let's talk about the next picture. We have another picture. All right. Okay, so this shows foot collapse. It's difficult to see, but one of the culprits giving someone a knee injury is having the arch overprone or drop down. It's difficult to see, but in that case, this case right here, the foot is rolling in and taking the knee with it. And that is one of the number one reasons that runners have knee problems. IT, band syndrome, patella tendonitis, hip pointers, or trochanteric bursitis, which is pain on the outside of your hip. This motion right here, when someone is running, causes the piriformis syndrome. If it's gonna happen to someone, and I don't know if you can see, but now my shoulders are outside of where my knee is. So my spine is also bending now. So it sets me, it sets the model up for a disc herniation or back pain as well. How do you fix that?  People that pronate like that? Strengthen, this is gonna be a final exam. You strengthen what's weak, and you stretch what's short. Yeah, so people- I think you should write that down. Write that down because people who have tight calves or short calves, meaning your muscle is so tight on the back of your lower leg that your ankle doesn't move through the amount of range of motion that is normal. When that happens, the foot, the foot now will over pronate because the ankle doesn't have enough range of motion. And when the foot pronates, it takes a shin bone and rotates it in, and now the knee is sitting there and then the femur bone has to rotate in and you see what you saw in that picture, which is the knee going in, my body leaning over to the other side to compensate because you're trying to get that balance point. And all the balance is lost at that point. So if I'm a runner and they have a shiatsu place at the end of the run, does that help? It does help. It does. It doesn't fix the weakness and it doesn't make the joint. But you feel good anyway. It feels good because you get the, I call it pump and drain sometimes where the muscle has been working, working, working. It's 10 cents and then you pump and drain. So any lactic acid or inflammatory products that have built up because the muscles under strain or under load may be abnormal because the road is angled and you're running, that helps to pump it out. It actually decreases the amount of soreness you have the next day to get that pump and drain. Cheaper would be we're in Hawaii, jump in the ocean, let the ocean do the pump and drain and flush all that out of your system. How do you recommend that to people? I recommend that to people. All right, next picture. Okay, I'm really learning a lot here. I'm glad. So this is a jumping person. So this person is jumping from landing. So they just shot the basketball. They just spiked a volleyball. They just hit a big tennis serve in their landing. Now on the left side of the screen, which is the right knee, you can see that the angle goes in. On the other side, it's still straight from the ankle to the knee to the hip. Young people and older athletes, this is how they blow out their ACL. Is the knee goes inward and that non-contractile ligament cannot control that the tibia, the lower leg bone is moving in and then the femur bone, which is the upper leg bone is going the other way. So that's something that needs to be trained out. Now in this photo, you don't know whether the foot is doing it or the hip is doing it because it's not a movie. In a movie, I would look at it a couple of times and see, oh, wow, the hip's dropping, or oh, wow, your ankle is rolling in and taking the rest of your leg with it. We have to fix that. Now once they know, once you tell them, then presumably they're aware of the problem and the origin of the problem. And does it help them? I guess it does to know how the mechanics are working on this. It does help them. A lot of people have that epiphany where they say, oh my gosh, wow, I didn't know that my foot is turning out on this one side or, wow, I see that my knee is going in, but I've always done that. And I tell them, you may have always done that, but you need to try to make it more towards normal because if you keep always doing that on that one side, you're gonna keep having the joint structures rub against themselves not where they're supposed to. Let's say it's the knee and the foot is going in, the knee's going in, you're gonna rub like this and then people get osteoarthritis on one side or they wear them in meniscus. Honestly. If you turn it straight and it's more towards normal, now it's rubbing here where it should be, which is closer to normal joint mechanics.  That's right. It's really important. Have you got any more pictures or what? Yeah, there's more pictures. Let's go quickly. I think. Okay, so we got the strengthening exercises now. Is that what we wanna go to? Yeah. Okay, so this is one of my favorites for isolating, mostly isolating the gluteus medius muscle, which is the muscle that if you stand on one leg, keeps your pelvis level, so you don't have that drop where I showed in the image earlier. So I have people pull their toes up with a bander on the ankle or not. You can do it laying on the floor, laying on your bed with no band and still feel it.  The gluteus medius muscle works primarily moving the leg to the side when you're not on your feet, but it also does some rotation and some movement backward, but primarily to the side. Now, when you're standing, the gluteus medius has a huge role. It keeps the pelvis level on the leg. So when that pelvis dropped, that gluteus medius is not strong enough to stabilize it there, which is how I'm teaching it to operate in that photo. How long you've been doing this? I say 23 years, but it was 97, so it's actually 22. You don't look, you know, look, you don't look 23, but okay. My dad was a scientist. He began at a very early age, I graduated college at 15. And you studied physical therapy? I studied actuarial science. And then I didn't enjoy the desk thing, so I went to physical therapy and it really interested me. Well, you know, it does sound fairly complex to me. Yeah. And I suppose if you're motivated to fix yourself, as you're motivated to be healthy and not degenerate, you pay attention. Yeah. Well, Christine, thank you very much for coming down. Thank you. I'm very elucidating and I'm not sure what I'm gonna do. Maybe I'm gonna try some of these things. Maybe I'm gonna become a physical therapist myself and see if I can do what you do. No. I think that's a great idea. Joke, joke. Thank you, Christine. Thank you so much today. It was my pleasure. It was great fun. Aloha. We'll do it again. Absolutely, I look forward to it. Love the waist, yeah.


So say it after me. We want freedom. We want freedom. We want freedom. And keep saying it. Thank you Dennis. I wish to introduce to you Gareth Veal from the ACT Party. Room support.


What's up guys welcome back to sequence. I'm your host Trevor Plouffe and we are back for a bat number two with V-Man Christian Jelic. We just talked a ton about drills, how to how to bring drills in the cage into the game, what that means. Sometimes it translates, sometimes it doesn't.  Now we're back in the 2019 season against the Cardinals again who clearly you just have an affinity for and I know sometimes you just feel that way against the team. Is that do you feel that way against the Cardinals? I don't know I think it's more just like when you catch teams during the season like when you're just locked in and just on fire and just it just happened to line up with them last year and yeah it just it's hard to it's like I remember before this series started I was not hitting I was not doing well and then got locked back in I think it was I think it was the day before this game actually but yeah that's just just how it worked out but they're usually a really tough staff to face they always have really good pitching and whenever Yachty's back there it's it's a never and easy at bat no matter how good you're feeling because you just he just knows so much he's such a smart catcher and player it's always challenging it's just how it worked out sometimes that's I love that kind of matchup when you have a good catcher you know I love it you're a good hitter he knows you because you guys play each other all the time it's that perfect chess match and you guys kind of got to go back and forth the pitcher has to execute obviously you have to execute but Yachty knows and yeah he said he's so smart he knows your swing he knows where he can go to have a better chance to get you out but then if you make an adjustment to counter that then you know it's not going to work in his favor and vice versa so I love all these duels and we're going to see that on this at bat I watched this earlier today and this is a this is a great at bat this guy uh Ryan Helsley you're seeing it on the screen right now he's making his major league debut the first batter he ever faces in the big leagues is the reigning NL MVP so tough tough debut for him but it starts out pretty good I want to I want to go straight into the at bat here because the first pitch is nasty let's click it right well end up before we go into is like but this is his debut so like I've never faced him or seen him throw ever you know what I mean maybe in a hitters meeting or you get the sheet so like what does this guy have and his sheet is it tells you you know his Velo is 98 to a hunch so you're like okay that's that catches your eye right away you're like great all right this guy this guy has the potential to grab double zero so you know that is his debut so he's going to be juiced you know that and then if he's got a good off speed pitch like it'll tell you slider change it but you've never seen it or what it does or what it looks like so I always think that in this situation you're you're at a pretty good disadvantage as a hitter until you can kind of start collecting some information as far as video or pass that bats against them you'll see here in a second but he's about a he's about a one to the plate and that's that's really tough as a hitter too when like when a guy can throw that hard and be that quick to the plate yeah yeah well it's just like he's throwing a hundred and then it's like he can come from checking a guy at second base and then next thing you know we're going forward and it's coming out hot and so I didn't know he was that quick to the play at the time so this pitch I don't know he's I don't know he's that quick because this is his first pitch in the big leagues and I've never seen it before and so all I got in my mind is hundred slider change it I love that because it's so true you have to have it bats against the guy to go up there and really have a plan you can watch right and you don't want to and you don't want to ever be anybody's first punch out in the big leagues ever like I don't ever want to be on any I'm on plenty of them but I don't ever want to be on somebody's in somebody's trophy case and yeah you'd be a great trophy for him too he's probably like all right this is a pretty good candidate to get put you in his trophy case too because I mean when you're throwing a hundred with a slider and nasty change that has first punchy in the show being the first batter all over it and like I know that too I'm like because I remember I asked I asked Yachty before when I go up to the plate right here I asked Yachty this guy it's his debut right and Yachty said yeah he shakes his head and I'm like all right well let's let's do this and I love yeah he's got it he's gonna be juice typically when I think of a guy that's making his debut and he's a reliever you're gonna have extra heat on your fastball maybe you're for sure but but also maybe shaky command of your off speed maybe shaky command in general I guess he it goes differs by guy but that's kind of what I'm thinking with young guys he's gonna have that extra juice may not know how to control it so you really got to get him in the zone is that something that you would say too yeah and I was like all right like this guy is this guy's first pitch in the big leagues so like sometimes you should take it because I throw that ball out a lot of the time you know like oh this is your first pitch in the show and I don't know if it's I don't know how you how do you feel about that but I'm always like ah you know maybe I should you want a nice clean ball for him to put in this case well clearly not because I swung with the first pitch here but I was like no this guy throws this guy's got too good of stuff to be spotting anybody anything here and I thought honestly that he was coming out of the gates trying to like I thought he was gonna come out of the gates trying to establish like I throw a hundred and let's get it on and this is the big leagues right here so I was geared up for that I guess you could say and it definitely wasn't a hundred out of the gate well that's yeah let's get to it see that first pitch get back on it and here we go uh-oh here we go making his debut that one cheese you have to scouting for you know he throws hard you gotta be thinking heater here first pitch these I would be thinking yeah I thought so too and I was like okay here we go and I'm just tall right now too a little taller right good slider good slider that came out okay right so I was like okay like that's that's pretty good and I remember thinking like damn also that was a good pitch and like holy shit am I late right now you're laying I didn't I guess I didn't pay attention you were a little late on the $89 slider I love that well not in a sense if I hated I probably would have but like as far as like decision-making process of like usually seeing differentiating fastball slider and I was late I remember that happening no I was really good I was like okay like all right we're in this now you know like that was kind of my my thought of all right this is for real and I pointed out that I was a little taller in that first pitch there because as this goes on you know I was kind of more I wasn't a walkout bat and that's where I am the majority of the time but like I said he's so quick to the plate that sometimes as a hitter you have to make you have to make adjustments and for me I was like okay this guy's a slide step one to the plate so for me I got a little bit more spread out almost like the drill we were talking about like a little bit more spread out on my backside more and it was just like I kind of instead of doing my leg kick it was more of a hover like I kind of would pick it up and like almost hover and just kind of slide it out so I can put it down if I needed to because he was throwing so hard it's kind of like a moose thing right there moose is a hoverer like that keeps it really close right it was yeah it was almost like moose but I had to do that because you know if it's a hundred so you got to be able to get to that at some point did you that was on the scouting report like you knew going into that bat like this guy's one to the plate got a you know I didn't know he was a one that's why I was I was tall like that and then I told you I got my I was like wow I got my I just got my I just got my doors blown right here and like I saw how much of a slide step guy he was and then it just evolved over the course of this bat so yeah those are good pitch it's yo one and you kind of go anywhere here like you said yachty smart so if I'm hitting I'm like well I just was I don't know what this guy's pitch does I just swung through it wasn't really on time to it it might come again yeah you're really behind eight ball here because you did by swinging at that pitch you just opened yourself up to any pretty much every yeah anything he comes at you with right now is and you got a hundred that's a good pitch you know that's you still got that right haven't seen that yet so right you've got two pitches that you still haven't seen yet all right second pitch and he comes back with the same pitch right a little bit more inside right that was a little bit more of a like on my head pitch right there and he did a really good job of executing it sure and now you're in the hole you know you're o2 like damn you've only seen you haven't seen anything but a slider your o2 right and you're like damn I'm about to be in this dude's trophy case right now he's got a hunch those are two pretty good sliders and I think he's got to change up to are you are you when you get the two strikes are you always spreading out a little bit more or does it depend on the pitcher a guy that you're comfortable against or as like a guy it depends on all those things and how I'm feeling at the plate too you know I go through phases throughout the season and this one was more of probably an exaggeration than any other time because of all the things we talked about like he's so quick to the plate he's got really good shit and I'm just you know not wanting to be on the mantle right now really like really bad like that's why I'm like okay here let's figure in the south all right here we go o2 pitch only seen slider so far and that is a change up that was a slider same pitch like a uh yeah just a buried slider same pitch and I'm kind of almost leaking I'm kind of almost leaking out on this a little bit like I'm in the bucket a little bit on here I think it's because like I don't really know what to do because I'm trying to figure it out on the trying to figure all this out on the rungs I've never I've never faced them and yeah I was like damn I'm in the bucket and you still like I said you still know he's got a hundred and ten he's got his his change up to yeah one two pitch oh baby right I started feeling more comfortable okay that's a good take right I started feeling more comfortable because that was now that's the fourth one I've seen in a row so you like you have an idea of what this looks like in the shape and it's the only thing I've seen you know and taking that after I took that one I kind of figured they probably weren't going to come back with another one because then it would be five in a row and I just took a good one but the thing is here is like it's the yachty factor like if anybody's going to throw a slider in a row right here it's him like for real though he he would do something like that even if you saw you take it like that because that was a really good take you're balanced you know it was just off and it looked like you saw it really well and like you said it was a fourth time but you're saying yachty you kind of I say I don't think it I don't think it was likely like I I would I would definitely think in okay here's now we're going to see fastball change up but I didn't come I haven't completely eliminated the slider here because if anybody's going to do something like that it's going to be yachty and it's for sure his call because this guy is it's his debut so anything that yachty puts down it's a yes yes that's that one you know and so I didn't completely write it off I felt better about being able to to take it though like being able to lay off the the one I'm supposed to take and be able to swing it the one I'm supposed to swing at now because that's the fourth one I've seen yeah this guy's nasty so yeah he's got really good stuff all right two two four sliders in a row you just laid off a good one and your head you're saying heater it's likely yeah something other than slider you're right heater and that's a fish okay go ahead yeah it was a good swing too like I found it straight back it probably got on me a little bit because the first time I saw him but uh you know if he executes that one away right there I'm probably punching because I'm kind of flying out on this a little bit like see everything's gone I'm in the bike it's not really I see that I see you know it's going really quick here and it's something that I probably wouldn't like like I don't really like that see if he executes this pitch away like yachty knows right here because he's pounding me in with almost cutters they're 92 91 mile an hour sliders it's almost a cut but I think I just subconsciously did that because I'm trying to go fast right and if he executes this yeah if he gets this ball away then either I'm gonna roll it over most likely or miss it yeah and when you do that it ball looks like it's a million miles away if your hip is open right yeah I probably take it as a punch or I swing it most but uh yeah I thought it was straight back it's a good swing but yeah kind of smoke the empire a little bit right there Yachty's giving him some time Yachty's gear is just so show too so sick he's the he's the best man oh that guy yachty yeah got two both of them okay so what are you thinking here two two four sliders one fastball like did you have a lean in one on one pitch or are you saying I just kind of got a battle now and I was going pretty good at this time um you know I think I didn't think I was going to see another heater because I found that one straight back and felt like I was right on it um even though like I probably this probably isn't my best mechanical at bat or you know to Yachty I was I'd fouled a $99 fastball straight back the first time I saw it like you know maybe they maybe you come back with it but I was like uh I was kind of thinking potential for the third pitch here or um going back to the slider okay let's run it Yachty's like all right what do I got now what do I got two two yep he went back to it but that one yeah that one wasn't a slider it kind of backed up on him it was one of those um spinner like I didn't that ball didn't move at all you know kind of just spun up there and oh I didn't watch that again I that that's really it's honestly not even really I didn't really think I did anything on this I think the put pitch kind of dictated it you know you know sometimes when you like catch a slider out front or you kind of just they hit a homer for you in a sense like that's what happened here because um he sped me up with that fastball and then 91 mile an hour slider like basically throws it into your barrel in a sense for a homer um just kind of did it it didn't move it didn't have the same bite as those those other four did it backed up on them um I remember just like the feeling of just catching it like out front on the barrel and just being I was out front of it for sure like I swung at it kind of like it was a heater but uh just the the the bat path was good enough to where I caught it in the in the sweet spot zone for 27 yeah when you hit those balls you don't really feel them yeah you know it's a homer right away and then brawny gets his ticket punch for the trophy case is that oh good for you brawny we don't want brawny right now we want to see some highlights let's see if I can get it I might not have it we'll have to have the editors do it in post here oh here we go and that one's a better swing I'm not I'm not really bailing out as much there and you can kind of see the slide from that back view it's different than my little leg kick um let's see that oh yeah yeah big time you know and it just allows you to get your foot down and you got to see that's that is the stuff right there that I love that that you've kind of been showcasing on this show is that those little adjustments that you made in that bat you didn't know he was a one he comes he's quick to the plate you have to make an adjustment so you do you make an adjustment and it pays off for you later in the bat you're on time you catch it you barrel it and it's gone and this is coming from a guy who you know won the mvp doesn't a lot of people would say he doesn't have to change anything just continue to do what you're doing but in the game of baseball as a hitter you got to make those adjustments yeah you're changing all the time and I think there's that there's some sort of saying in in baseball right where like the higher you go the adjustments become quicker or it starts from game to game then it goes at bat to at bat and then it becomes eventually pitch to pitch and that's kind of when you get to the higher levels or you want to perform at a high level in the big leagues that you have to be able to do that stuff and it doesn't always work out like this it doesn't work out in your favor but you're finding ways to give yourself a chance I guess you could say to be successful more times than not a lot of the times I guess statistically most of the time it doesn't work out in your favor but we don't need it to you know no we don't well I appreciate you coming on you're one of the best hitters in the world you're a guy that can do it pitch by pitch you can make those adjustments pitch by pitch and I appreciate you just letting us get into your head a little bit because that was awesome and I hope anybody out there that's watching can take something from this and get a little bit better because that's kind of what we're trying to do here of course man thanks for having me I really enjoyed it all right yeah thank you so much bro


Ding-bao, we're on to a chichu. Do you think people will eat it up? This Neuralink stuff? I hope that people would have more sense than that, but I wouldn't be surprised if they do. Yeah, some people will. I remember watching a video of this. The you know, when they were looking for people to test these injections on and I remember watching this video of this Asian guy in the United States. Yes, I'm volunteering for this because I think everyone has You know a moment in their life where you know something calls out to them And they must contribute to humanity and stuff like this and he was he was pretend He was he actually believed this good shit that this was an honorable thing to do. So I was looking at a man Like Fucking King of the red rats that one was like wow crazy


Good evening, one and all. It was quite a long time since we were connected with Sri Krishna and Tagliya, who is a civil judge as well as the presiding officer in the labour court in the Jabalpur. And I was before connecting on this platform, I was telling him that one of my foundations for education is also from Jabalpur. The knowledge sharing part is a common platform, but they say that some things are distinct. And same is the way today that we are connected with Sri Krishna and Tagliya. And it is since we have been into this webinar sharing for more than two years. And I've been watching that Sri Krishna has been following the channel of Beyond Laws like anything. And even otherwise in few WhatsApp groups, he's connected with us where there is common legal sharing. And we thought why not ask someone who is well versed with law, his articles are being published in bar and bench and live law. An important aspect of law, law relating to family settlements. This is an issue which keeps on boiling. And also, as I say with the lawyers coming into being and the judges, it increases also in the right manner if there are right legal inputs. To understand these nitty-gritties of the same, I request Sri Krishna and Tagliya to share this knowledge. Over to you. Thank you Vikas ji. Good evening everyone. The law relating to family arrangement is a very short topic. It won't take much time, but I would like to take you to the niceties of the topic. First of all, family arrangement, it is an arrangement between members of the family with a view to establish or ensure the continuity of harmony between the members of the family and to prevent the members of the family from long drawn future litigation and to ensure peace in the family. So there is no statutory definition or requirements as to how a family arrangement should be in India. But the law that has developed is out of judicial precedence. First of all, I would like to advert to the Holsbury's laws of England to show what is meant by a family arrangement. I quote, a family arrangement is an agreement between members of the same family intended to be generally and reasonably for the benefit of the family, either by compromising doubtful or disputed rights or by preserving the family property or the peace and security of the family by avoiding litigation or by saving its honor. I shall be dealing with the topic I have divided into various subheads. I would enumerate those subheads first. Family settlement, how made, when registration not required, effect of non-registration, meaning of family, parties to be family settlement, existence of disputes and family arrangement, consideration in family arrangement, family settlement and its object, requirement of bona fides, some important facts about family settlement, requirement of antecedent title, is family settlement of self-acquired properties possible, family settlement of partition, family settlement and will, family settlement under Muslim law, enforcing family arrangements, family settlement and stop-on. So, first question that arises is how is a family settlement made? There is no requirement of a family arrangement to be in writing, it can be made orally. If it is in writing, two circumstances may arise. If the written document containing the family arrangement is a past, acknowledges a past oral arrangement, family arrangement, then the subsequent writing need not be registered and need not be stumped. But if the document containing the family arrangement is not evidence of an oral, earlier family arrangement, but the document itself effects the family arrangement, then the document has to be registered and has to be duly stumped. If the document containing the family arrangement which is required to be registered is not registered, then as per section 49 of the registration act, the document does not affect the properties comprised in the deed, what it can be used at the best is for collateral purposes. Now, meaning of family, the term family, a proposed the concept of family arrangement has been given a very wide It does not include merely the close relatives of a family or it does not include only those members of a family who would succeed to a person's property on his death by the personal laws of succession. The effects court has widened the scope of the term family. It includes all those people who are related to each other and who have an antecedent title or a claim to property or even a semblance of claim. Those persons who are so related are included within the scope of family, parties to family settlement. It is very important that if an oral family arrangement is made, all the parties for members of the family must ascend to that family arrangement. If it is made in writing, it is necessary that all the members of the family must be signatories to the family arrangement. If some parties are not signatories, then the family arrangement is not good in the eyes of law. However, there is an exception to this. If for some reason, one or more members of the family are unable to be signatories to a written family arrangement, what they can do is they can give their assent to the family arrangement. And if their assent is recorded in the family arrangement deed, the family arrangement deed is wealth and good in the eyes of law. For this, we can refer to some rulings of the apex court in Taratnath v. Sushil Chandra Deh, 1996, Volume 4, SCC 697, and Sneha Gupta v. Devi Saru, 2009, Volume 6, SCC 194. Also, we can refer to Narendra Kante v. Anuradha Kante, 2010, Volume 2, SCC 77. The next subred for discussion is the existence of dispute and family arrangement. Now, it is very important for a family arrangement to be good in the eyes of law that there must exist a present family dispute or a possible future dispute. There must be possibility of a future dispute in the family for which to allay which to put it at rest, the family arrangement can be entered into. If there is no dispute present or possible in the future, then a family arrangement cannot be entered into. This is a very important distinction which we shall see later when we see it with similar concepts like partition and will. For this, we can see and refer to the judgments of the honorable apex court in Shambu Prasad Singh v. Phool Kumari, 1971, Volume 2, SCC 28, and Mathuri Pullai v. Mathuri Narsimhan, AIR 1966, SC 1836. What is the consideration for a family arrangement? The consideration is the expectation of the members of the family that such a settlement would establish or ensure the continuity of harmony in the family. This was let down by the honorable apex court in Ram Charan Das v. Girja Nandini, Devi, AIR 1966 Supreme Court, 323. The object of the family arrangement is to protect the members of the family from possible long-drawn litigation, which the members of the family may resort to if the matter is not resorted through a family arrangement deed, to prevent perpetual stripes which mark the unity and solidarity of the family. In this regard, reference may be made to a very important judgment of the apex court with regard to family arrangement deeds in Kali v. Deputy Director of Consolidation, 1976, Volume 3, SCC, 119. Reference may also be made to the cases of government of Andhra Pradesh v. M. Krishna Veni, 2006, 7, SCC 365, Ravinder Kaur, Grewal v. Manjeet Kaur, 2020, Volume 9, SCC 706, and Ram Charan Das v. Girja Nandini, Devi, AIR 1966 Supreme Court, 323. The next subhead is requirement of Bonafides. Law doesn't require that there must be an equal distribution of property between the various members of the family through a family arrangement deed. What the law requires is that the distribution must be equitable and fair. If one of the members of the family relinquishes all his rights to a certain property without any justifiable reason whatsoever, and the rights are relinquished in favor of the other members of the family, such an arrangement deed may become invalid in the eyes of law because of lack of Bonafides. Because it is very unlikely and unusual that one person of a family without any justifiable reason would relinquish all his rights in the family in favor of other persons. But for some very special reasons recorded in the family arrangement deed if it is made in writing or if it is oral for justifiable reasons, properties may not be divided equally. That is okay. The distribution must be fair and equitable. In this regard, the evidence may be made to judgments in Badami v. Bali, 2012, Volume 11, SCC 574, Parvathama v. Venkata Sivamma, 2016, Volume 15, SCC 463, Dilip Kaur v. Ram Kishan, 2018, Volume 18, SCC 807. Now some important facts about family arrangement. Family arrangement is not a transfer of property. So therefore it doesn't require a conveyance. For this you may refer to Ganesh v. Ashok, 2011, Volume 15, SCC 417, and Tegh Bahadur Gujjil v. Datsingh Gujil, AAR 1966, Supreme Court 292. In a family arrangement what happens is the already antecedent title which exists in the various members of the family is made clear. One party is declared to be, for example, one party is declared to be the owner of the property, and the other members of the family relinquish all rights in respect of that property. Similarly, the other members get some property to which the former member relinquishes all their rights. Requirement of antecedent title. Now for a partition to be valid, there must be antecedent title amongst the various foresharers who are to effect the partition. This is also a requirement whereas for a family arrangement deed to be valid, there must be antecedent title in all the members of the family. But the Supreme Court has made this concept a bit more lucid, a bit more elastic. The Supreme Court has said that even if all the members don't possess antecedent title, antecedent title may be assumed. Provided the members have a claim in the property or a semblance of a claim. Even affection may be a ground for a semblance of a claim. For this proposition, you may refer to Sahu Madhodas versus Pandit Mukund Ram 1955, Volume 2 SCR 22, Tegh Bahadur Bhujal versus Datsingh Bhujal A.I.R 1966, Supreme Court 292. All that is necessary is that the parties must be related to each other. They must either have clear antecedent title or they must have a claim in the property or even a semblance of a claim would do. Whereas in cases of partition, a clear antecedent title is required. Otherwise, the partition may not be good in the eyes of law. In the case titled Government of Andhra Pradesh versus M. Krishnan Vinay 2006, Volume 7 SC 365, the Supreme Court has told that family arrangement is not confined only to people having legal title to the property. So a semblance of claim is also sufficient. The next question is whether family settlement of self-acquired property is possible. So if the property is clearly self-acquired one and the members of the family acknowledge that the property is self-acquired property for one of its members, then strict sense of the concept of family arrangement doesn't apply. For this, you may refer to Bhagawan Krishnan Gupta versus Prabha Gupta 2009, Volume 11, SCC 33, Sita Ram Bhama versus Ram Aptar Bhama 2018, Volume 15, SCC 130, and to Theri Santamal versus Vishwanathan 2018, Volume 3, SCC 117. Now what is the difference between a family arrangement and a partition? As I advocated to earlier, a partition is possible when the co-sharers of a property have clear antecedent title. Whereas this is not a requirement for strict compliance when it comes to a family arrangement. The apex court has said even if there is not a clear antecedent title, even a claim to the property or even a semblance of claim may be sufficient for a family arrangement to be valid. Next distinction is that for a family arrangement to be effectuated, it is necessary that there must be a present or future dispute, future possible dispute. Whereas this is not a requirement for a partition to be valid. Without any disharmony in the family, present or future, a partition may be effected, which may be absolutely good in the eyes of law. For this you may refer to Gumanna Shetty versus Nagavayamma A.I.R. 1967, Supreme Court 1595, Hiraji Tola Ji, Bhagawan versus Shakuntula, 1990, Volume 1, SCC 440, and to Lakshmi Ammal versus Chakravarti, 1999, Volume 1, SCC 235. Now what is the distinction between a will and a family arrangement? Will is a testamentary instrument whereas a family arrangement is a non-testamentary instrument. Will takes effect only on the death of the testator whereas a family arrangement takes effect on the date, if it is oral, on the date it is made and if it is in writing, the writing is executed. For a will it is not necessary that all the members of the family should ascend to the will whereas there cannot be a valid family arrangement unless all the family members ascend to it. For these propositions you may refer to MN Adhyamurthy versus MD Subraya Shetty 1972, Volume 4, SCC 1, Kalyani versus Narayanan, 1980, Supplementary SCC 298, and Namburi Basava Subramanyam versus Allapati Hayamavati 1996, Volume 9, SCC 388. There may be occasions when a single document in part takes the character of a will and partly it may take the character of a family arrangement. This is possible. So the mood point is that the nomenclature of the document is not a decisive factor. One will have to look into the contents of the document, what effect it is sought to produce and the surrounding circumstances to decipher whether a particular document is a will in Toto, a family arrangement in Toto or partly a will and partly a family arrangement. Under the Muslim law, the concept of family arrangement is not there. But one thing is there in Muslim law that a parent cannot transfer its title to a property. So even if a document is affected of the nature of a family arrangement, even then the rule of stopper may be pressed into service, although the concept of family arrangement is strictly not applicable. The apex court has held that family arrangements are governed by a special equity circulatory themselves and the courts must try to lean in favor of effecting family arrangements enforcing them and they should not be likely interfered with. For these propositions, we may refer to K.V. Narayanan versus K.V. Ranganathan, 1977 Vol. 1 SCC 244, K.K. Modi versus K.N. Modi, 1998 Vol. 3 SCC 573, Amteshwar Anand versus Virendra Mohan Singh, 2006 Vol. 1 SCC 148, Dalip Kaur versus Ram Kishan, 2018 Vol. 18 SCC 807, Kale versus Deputy Director of Consolidation, 1976 Vol. 3 SCC 119, family set arrangement and stopper. Sometimes it is possible that due to certain technicalities, a deed may not be regarded as a valid family arrangement deed. In such cases, if a party has taken benefit of the distribution of property made as per the deed, then although the doctrine of family arrangement is strictly not applicable, the doctrine of stopper may be placed into service and he would be stopped from stating otherwise. For these propositions, we may refer to S.Sanmugan Pillai versus K.Sanmugan Pillai, 1973 Vol. 2 SCC 312, Kale versus Deputy Director of Consolidation, 1976 Vol. 3 SCC 119, Shehemal versus Hassan Khani Ravthe, 2011 Vol. 9 SCC 223, and Ravinder Kaur Grewal versus Manjeet Kaur, 2020 Vol. 9 SCC 706. To sum up, there is no codified law for family arrangements. The concept has developed by judicial precedents. Family arrangement may be arrived at poorly. It need not be in writing. If it is in writing, two situations may arise. If the written document evidences an earlier oral family arrangement, it need not be registered, it need not be duly stumped. But if it doesn't evidence prior oral family arrangement, but the document itself effectuates a family arrangement, then the document need to be registered and it need to be duly stumped. Existence of a present or possible future dispute is a sign of going on for effecting a valid family arrangement. If there is no possibility in the future of a dispute, neither is there a present dispute. You cannot effectuate a valid family arrangement deed. The object of family arrangement is to preserve harmony in the family. It is necessary that all the parties must ascend to the family arrangement. If some of the parties don't ascend, then the arrangement is not valid in the eyes of law. And there is an exception. If the party not ascending by putting signatures, he can give us concern to the family arrangement, in which case the family arrangement would be valid in the eyes of law. The consideration in the family arrangement is the expectation that it will result in establishing or ensuring harmony in the family. It must be detected voluntarily. There must be no coercion of fraud. The distribution of property may not be equal, but it has to be fair and equitable. Both parties must be there. Intincident title must be there. Even if antecedent title is not there, there must be a claim to property or a semblance of a claim. This is all I have to say, Mr. Vikas. Thank you, Mr. Vikas. It was spot on. Could you just explain, since a lot of people, especially in India, would like to understand this. What you have summarized in English in the last 2-3 minutes, if it could be also summarized in Hindi, what are the requirements of the family settlement? There is no need for family arrangement. A family arrangement can be done in the same way as a MOPIC group. If a family arrangement is done in the same way as a MOPIC group, then two situations arise. If an oral family arrangement is written in the form of evidence, then it is not necessary to register and stamp the family arrangement. If an oral family arrangement is not made in the same way as a MOPIC group, then it is necessary to register and stamp the family arrangement. The family arrangement is done in the same way as a MOPIC group. If an oral family arrangement is not made in the same way as a MOPIC group, then it is necessary to register and stamp the family arrangement. It is necessary to register and stamp the family arrangement as a MOPIC group. If an oral family arrangement is not made in the same way as a MOPIC group, then it is not valid in the eyes of law. If an oral family arrangement is not made in the same way as a MOPIC group, then it is necessary to register and stamp the family arrangement in the same way as a MOPIC group. There is no need for a family arrangement that every family member has a title. If the antecedent does not have a title, then if there is a claim on some property, even if there is no legal claim, then the claim may not be valid, even if there is a claim on some property, then it is valid in the eyes of law. If there is a self-acquired property, then it cannot be a family arrangement. When the family members know that it is a self-acquired property, there are two main differences in the partition and family arrangement. There is no need for a partition to distribute, present or future. When there is a need for a family arrangement to distribute, then it can be a family arrangement. For partition, it is necessary to have a clear antecedent title in the members, co-sharers of the property. But there is no need for a strict family arrangement. Because the concept of antecedent title is made a little elastic for family arrangements. There is one difference in the will and family arrangement. There is no need for a will to have a present or future dispute. There is no need for a will to have a present or future dispute. And the choice of will can be made a will. The other difference is that there is not need for a will to have a present or future dispute. The other difference is that will affects the death of the teskater. Similarly, a family arrangement has a lot of influence. Even if a family arrangement is formed between the family member or other group, there is a lot of influence. Family arrangement can't be revoked. Once you enter the family arrangement, the parties and members of the family can't do a new family settlement after that. If the family arrangement is not properly valid due to some technicalities, then the structure of the stopper can be pressed and the parties can be denied by saying that it is in the family arrangement. If there are any questions, we can answer them. I have two questions in the chat box. I will read them on YouTube. The first question Can hereditary property be given to only one son despite having two sons? Yes. It can be given, but there must be a reason why it is not being given to the other two sons. The distribution must be due to justifiable reasons. Then it is possible that there is no hindrance. Yes. One family arrangement is in the form of an award under section 73 of an arbitration act. However, the conciliator states that it is not an award but merely a settlement agreement. Or does one enforce the above set mentioned agreement? Could you repeat the question once more? One family arrangement is in the form of an award under section 73 of an arbitration act. However, the conciliator states that it is not a settlement agreement. Or does one enforce the above mentioned agreement? The nomenclature of the document is not sufficient to decipher what it is actually. So the contents of the document, whether it is a memorandum of a family arrangement or the document affects the family arrangement will have to be seen. If it is a memorandum of family arrangement, then it can be enforced the requirement of registration and stamping. Otherwise, it would not be used under the bar under section 49 of the registration act. Next is, mini Matthews is stamp duty on property to be made? Yeah. If it is a memorandum of a family arrangement, there is no need of it being duly stamped. But if it is the document which affects the family arrangement for the first time, then it has to be duly stamped. As for the Indian stamp set, the stamp duties different in different parts of the country, the stamp duty payable on a partition deed is the stamp duty to be payable on a family arrangement deed. This is Chandrasekhar Rao kindly explained the distinction one again between a family arrangement and a family settlement. One and the same thing. And Rohit Sinha, could you please repeat the registration portion? When does it not require a registration? See, if the document which is called a family arrangement deed is a document which evidences an earlier oral family arrangement and family arrangement has taken place earlier, orally. The document subsequently prepared just acknowledges it as to what has happened earlier. Then the document doesn't require registration. But if there is no earlier oral family arrangement and for the first time the arrangement is made by the deed, then the deed requires registration and it has to be duly started. There is no requirement of it being made in writing in the first place. It can be made orally also. So we leave for the day today and thank you Shri Krishna. It was well articulated and nicely explained. And tomorrow, friends, we will be having a session keeping in view the concept of beyond law. It says perception and knowledge management. It is by Dr. K. Siddhata who has already mentored more than 1600 I.U.S. officers. So do stay connected with us tomorrow at 6 p.m. Thank you everyone. Stay safe. Stay best.


Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries are non-rechargeable, but they offer high and reliable performance and a long lifetime that makes them particularly well suited for IoT applications. But how do they work? A battery is a system which stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy thanks to an electrochemical reaction. When the battery is connected to an external circuit, such as a communicating device, an oxidation-reduction reaction is triggered, releasing energy in the form of an electrical current. A lithium-sion chloride battery is made up of a negative material called the anode, the electron provider, which is made of lithium metal connected to the negative pole of the battery, a porous carbon mass where the reduction reaction occurs, a separator to isolate the negative from the positive materials, a positive material called the cathode, the electron taker, the thionyl chloride contained in the electrolyte which is also conducting ions from the anode to the carbon mass, and a current collector connected to the positive pole of the battery. All of these elements are enclosed in a hard, hermetically sealed cylindrical casing. The lithium-sion chloride systems are specific batteries as the thionyl chloride is also the solvent of the electrolyte, therefore it is called a liquid cathode system. One of the many advantages of these batteries is their high operating voltage reaching 3.6 volts due to the nature of electrochemical couple. The stronger the oxidation or reduction power in a given battery chemistry, the greater the resulting nominal voltage of this battery. For example, alkaline systems' nominal voltage reach 1.5 volts while lithium-sion chloride systems features 3.6 volts. Moreover, its voltage remains very stable during the discharge, which is unique and makes these batteries particularly suited for electronics applications. When you connect a device, it creates a conductive path and electrons start flowing outside the device. Positive ions generated at lithium anode are transported to the carbon mass by diffusion within the liquid ionically conducting electrolyte. On their way, they cross the porous separator. This electrochemical process, taking place inside the cell, progressively consumes active anodic and cathodic materials over the whole discharge time and eventually it stops providing electrons to the external circuit. That's how the battery dies. This can be quick or long depending on how much energy is required by the device. Two other phenomena can impact the life duration of a battery, the self-discharge and in the case of a liquid cathode system, the passivation. Saft, we energize the world on land, at sea, in the air and in space.