Welcome Mr. Arora to this webinar, thanks for your time. My first question to you is, as we know we are all dealing with tough times, and has serving customers taken on a new meaning altogether for grants? How do you see connecting with customers in these times? Good afternoon and thank you very much for having me here. I hope everyone who is joining here is safe and healthy and all your near ones and dear ones are in good health and in safe space, most of you working from home. It's my pleasure to be here. Coming on to your question, I think all brands try to meet the consumer needs to the best of their ability. However, it's time like these that a lot of these brands, a lot of these beliefs get tested and the situation is such that the fundamentals of the situation have changed. The relevance of some of the brands have been questioned and it's while it is very temporary in HR, very current situation, but I would say that each brand is trying to the best of its ability to address the consumer needs. A lot of brands have found trying to give meaning which is in relevance of today's requirement. For example, the hygiene brands obviously are finding that they are more relevant for today's needs. Consumers are seeking them out more. There are other brands which were offering nutrition and were close to immunity have been able to reach out. So obviously this is a situation which is, each brand is finding how to be more relevant in the current state that it is in. I want to just announce that we're also live on FB and we will be taking live questions on Zoom and Facebook. So you can post your questions there and keep on tweeting using hashtag E for them. My next question is about brands are not only trying to service unprecedented demand in some categories, maybe in yours. There's an unprecedented demand and while others are just trying to keep the lights on, they're struggling in these times. So tell me in the last few weeks, what has the story of Zidus been? Has it been unprecedented demand or reshuffling, re-strategizing, what has it been like? So last one month or so has been extremely busy. I think what's really happening is the speed of change that has happened in the environment in this country is absolutely, it got most people unprepared, it got all the brands completely not very ready to what we were going to face. A lot of estimations were done, what's going to happen and how we react to it. So I think it's a situation where you cannot be prepared for what's going to come our way and what's going to come our way for next probably six to eight weeks. I've seen and fortunately for us, we have a white portfolio where we have brands that are finding a lot of favor with the consumer because they are high level of relevance and there are products and brands which have taken a little bit of backseat if I were to say. So what's really happening is there are brands like we had in our consumer work planned that in 2021, we would launch a sanitizer and a nice brand. In fact, we had a series of innovations planned around NICEL last year when we got the brand and we had planned a series of innovations and team was working on it. And we planned it out in 2021 and we decided to fast forward it based on what we saw as a demand coming up for sanitizer and we said we must participate at this stage rather than wait for another year to get in. So we had our mix back, brands like this where we actually launched in 12 days, we were taking a decision, we had nothing ready on the table except for the decision and actually producing in the plant 12 days and it's a crazy amount of work that the team worked while sitting at home or whatever they were able to do. The technology has proved you can do so much today. So we've had a mix back, so we've had a very fast moment on some of the products which are very relevant. If I look at say sugar-free, we look at look on D or a Complan or a Sanitizer, they're very relevant for the consumers. It took us some time for a week 10 days before we were back to normal business and we've been able to move some of these things, these brands. However, there are certain personal care brands which have taken a back seat and rightly so because right now they're relevant, their demand is much lower. So we've had a mix back but at the end of it what we are looking for is that consumers have a certain requirement, certain need right now. Can I fulfill in a positive way as quickly as possible and I think we've been able to fairly successfully reach out to them and we've used a lot of I would say digital media to get our way there to reach out to consumers for some of these brands. Actually all the brands are operating without the roadmap. They never knew that this is going to happen and they had to deal with it. But do you think most of the brands or the brands in your category have kind of managed to see the road ahead to some extent? Is there some kind of, it's been few weeks, kind of clarity that is visible now for brands to chalk out a future strategy? So I have a fundamental belief that strategies don't change month to month and week to week or a quarter to quarter. Strategies is long term. So what's really happening is that on a normal ongoing basis, each brand has a certain set of assumption and a strategy. You work based on those assumptions and you plan your executions. I'm going to launch this. I'm going to advertise this. This is the business that will come. Now, this is last four weeks have shown that all your assumptions can go completely wrong. That you will have a certain kind of demand that will be there. There will be a certain kind of media, certain kind of consumption will be there. So those assumptions have gone completely out of the discussion and a new set of environment has emerged. This has forced a lot of brands to relook at, are we on the right path? Should we be doing the same things as we had planned or should we relook at what we're doing? And yes, it is an unprecedented time. But to my mind, if you're anchored on the real long term consumer benefits, chances are you will be relevant. If not now, over a period of time, you will be able to come back. And therefore, altering your brand strategies is a much larger call that one will have to take. But do I need to change my execution, my short term plans? Yes, each brand has to relook at it. Now, whether it is some of the high consumption spaces like biscuits or some other essential food items, their opportunity is much bigger. They have to react very quickly, whether at the back end or at the front end and how do they reach out to the consumers? Or certain personal care, high value items which are very occasional in requirement and skincare needs or should I say cosmetics, which get used occasionally. Now, those occasions are not going to happen. So they obviously have to go back to the drive board and say, okay, I need to redraw my plans, relook at what is the environment I'm dealing with and how long will it last. So obviously, each brand will have to find its own solution. Many of the brands will have to plan, now relook at things week to week, fortnight to fortnight and probably month to month and redraw their execution strategies. But having said that, I don't think from a medium term to long term point of view, there is fundamentally anything broken from the brands point of view because brands are built around real consumer needs. And I'm talking about good large brands. Obviously, if something is not built around those, those will get shattered. People, brands which have not understood the consumer trends in the past will get shaken much more. But I'm saying if the brand is done enough amount of homework, it's built around the real reasons. I think those will hold on over a medium and long term. You may have to go back to the drive board and see what do I do in next few weeks and months to stay relevant, to stay in business so that I have a long term too. But that's really what this situation is. Over a longer term, I think most brands will find a way to recover back. Of course, this is an opportunity for certain brands to also relook at their market shares. It will also be a test on the organizations to demonstrate what is their agility to respond to the pandemic, in fact the environment. And there may be a recast of certain kind of pecking order of the brands who respond better and brands who don't respond better to the environment. So therefore, again, I'm saying that will be back to how well you execute, how well you read the environment and how well you are responding to consumer sensitivity. I just want to mention that we are also live on F3 and you can post your questions on Zoom and you can tweet using hashtag EforM webinar. My next question is that some products, especially in your category, despite whatever we are witnessing, are some brands feeling safer than other brands because they are in a particular category? And second, you briefly touched upon addressing consumer needs. For example, you are manufacturing sanitizers now. So in terms of product category also, how is Zidus quickly trying to adjust to the changing times? What all do we see in that space as well? So yes, there are certain categories. I think you picked it up very well. The fact that sanitizers is a category which needs are much higher and we are clearly seeing a good pull there and we were very quick to move to that situation. And there are other brands. I mean, the fact is that nutrition needs are consistent, whether you are at home or you're working or I'm going to school at home. So some of our nutrition brands are back on a consistent path and I don't think there's much to worry or a sweetener. But there will be clearly challenges for skincare and personal care spaces which are under pressure at this point in time because the consumption has taken a beating in those situations. So what we are trying to do is and the way we have reworked the whole plans are that we are obviously supporting brands more aggressively which have more relevance for today. It's extreme summer right now. So brands like Nuconde and Isil will be relevant. Yes, people are going out less. So there's going to be a less requirement of those, but that's okay. I think we'll have to deal with it. But the fact is that they are topical in nature. They are the requirement of today. So these brands are showing traction as we would anticipate they would. And similarly, we're working on... I mean, we continue to support the brands like Punkland, Sugar Free, because we see a consistent traction. People need sugar, sweeteners, etc. on a daily basis. So we believe there will be continued traction. There was a brief time and I think it's still there, demand and supply is divided. As far as your products are concerned, how are you kind of stocking up on those? Because the consumers definitely need to have these products available as well, loyal ones. So are you looking at any special distribution offering at the moment so that the needs are met? Could you just speak? I didn't get it. Okay, so the distribution and product distribution was hugely impacted in between earlier. So how are your products in place? Do we have enough, do the consumers have enough access to them? Are you setting any special centers, distribution centers for them? Because the lockdown has made some of the products unavailable which they may have used. How are you looking at the situation? Okay, let me explain to you what's really happening and what are we doing about it. First of all, what's happened is with this lockdown which has lasted almost now four weeks, more than four weeks, there is a gap in the whole supply chain across the country. While the government is trying pretty hard and has supported all the companies, but there is clearly a breakdown in certain parts of the supply chain. It has progressively got better. We still find some challenges in the supply chain, but we're finding that the demand has been consistent where consumers are seeking out products. However, we are not able to fulfill the demand. I'm saying consumer product companies as a group are not able to fulfill and there are outlets which have run out of stocks. Over a period of time as the time is passing and the government is making efforts to help the supply chain happen, we've seen a certain kind of pullback of products back into the shelves, at least in the top outlets, a large number of outlets. We've been able to open up our warehouses, a lot of our distribution points have started opening up and that is helping us reach out to consumers much better. Clearly, I see a significant improvement in the whole supply chain. What is also happening from our side is we've also used this time to go back to the drawing board and see what can I do differently in this environment to ensure that I am able to meet the demand supply gap that really exists in the market. We've gone back to our partners in e-commerce. We've helped them ensure that we can ramp up our supply to them directly. We have today a much higher supply to e-commerce than earlier from a direct to from the company. Similarly, if I look at Montrade, we've engaged with the Montrade as well. The fact that we've worked with them to ensure that our products are better stocked, specifically the lead products that have good traction. How can we ensure we are better connected? We have a constant dialogue with them. Thirdly, which is a much larger access point today is obviously the Kirana stores and the chemists. What we've done is we've put, we've hired specifically additional vehicles dedicated for our supply chain to ensure that we can fulfill this demand. Plus, we've done several other routes like tele-calling to the Kiranas and servicing this requirement. So we are trying all the parts, e-commerce, Montrade and directly with the Kiranas to fulfill that demand. We've seen good improvement over the, I mean, on a sequential basis, every four to five days I see a substantial improvement. We are getting closer to a normal situation. So as somebody who represents a very strong brand, tell me what happened in the key learnings from this lockdown for brands if you have to sum up maybe two or three big learnings from this. So I think if I were to look at two or three key learnings, I think the brands, so first one of the biggest, I think group point of this entire situation has been the digital space. Fact that brands that have not embraced the technology and digital space, brands and companies I would say, they are the ones who've been struggling the most. This situation will fast forward this whole digital and technology world. And I'm saying not just fact that you embrace the e-commerce, but the fact that how do we service our regular Kiranas also. So clearly one important learning is moving the needle constantly on the digital path is very necessary. Any brand which is not doing it clearly will falter. I know of an example if I were to share, there was a government manufacturer in UK who was making accessible garments and said e-commerce is not suitable for us because we have more accessible kind of products. They are the ones who are worst hit actually. Therefore brands, for us for example, we went on the e-commerce aggressive right couple of years back. We are finding that we are better prepared to respond to this challenge. Had we not done it, I think we would have struggled. So clearly one major learning is the digital space both from a transaction point of view as well as from a consumer communication point of view is extremely important. Second is in the space of health and wellness and I think that's the topic of today and that's what we stand for. I think offering do good products to consumers. Products that really help consumers get better, healthier, provide better nutrition. Those products will become more and more relevant. Consumers will ask you a lot more questions in the future than they have asked in the past. We've seen this trend. I mean 10, 20 years back consumers will not ask so many questions. In the last 5, 8 years, 10 years we've seen consumers ask a lot more questions. They look at the back of the panel much more in the last few years than they have ever in the past. What is in it inside? What is the carb? What is the protein? What is in it for me? Similarly, so therefore for the nutrition, health and wellness brands offering right value to consumers will matter a lot. Today consumers are talking about immunity. Immunity has become such an important thing and immunity goes back to what you eat and how well do you, how healthy do you stay? It is so clearly back to that having real benefits rather than saying making frivolous claims will be more and more important. I think these two things will be here to stay. Of course there are many more but these two things will be here to stay. Third thing I can say which is more of a behavioral thing from organization brands everywhere is adaptability. I'm saying we don't have to say where we are but how agile you are, how adaptable you are to the environment. Environment will change so fast. We are dealing with a very volatile ambiguous world which is going to get more complex. How quickly your brand can adapt, your organization can adapt to the situation will demonstrate whether you succeed. The last is that you can't predict the future and say that I've done this and I can sit back. You have to be constantly at it, execute every week, every month and then look at how did it work and how do I respond. So Nimble-footed brands organizations will succeed in the new world. It's more announcement that tomorrow we have E4M TechMunch virtual series and we have another webinar which is how will digital content consumption plan out in the post-COVID scenario. It starts at 4 p.m. in time. And we can all keep sending questions on FB and Zoom and on Twitter hashtag E4M webinar. My next question and then we'll go to audience questions coming in is that in terms of marketing and reaching, keeping the brand recall alive, we've seen one very unique trend I won't call it unique, it's for a better lack of a better word. That news channel, news channel especially have seen a huge spike in viewership of course. How does a brand, how would a brand look at news channels post this phase according to you? Normally you know we have seen a lot in terms of a lot of folks have known GCCs as well. But do you think besides GCC news John would acquire a new, will be seen through a new set of eyes by brands? I think brands have a need to reach out to consumers. Wherever the consumers are, brands will find a way to connect to the consumers. If the consumer is today the consumption for news channels has shot up, why should the brands not embrace it? We've seen actually because people are watching so much of more news, consuming so much of more news, brands will embrace it. The fact is even the kids channels have done very well. Because the kids are at home and they're watching so much of you kids channel. So I think, I'm not saying and I cannot, it's too early for me to predict that news channel will be the new GEC for the future. But today the fact is that new content is coming much less and I mean it's hard to produce new content because even the industries are in a lockdown and they're not able to generate fresh content. GEC is going through a content limitation and news is something people are consuming. Now this will change once the lockdown stops, once things come back to neutral too, life as usual and I'm not right now guessing or starting a guess how long will that take. But I'm saying when it comes back to normal I mean it will be hard to say that news channel will be the new GEC. Things will come back to normal. I don't think we can today comment that news will continue to command that channel share that it does today. But right now news channels are doing very well and why should the brands not leverage that the right time for the news channel to do. Tell me if the lockdown goes on are brands prepared for that or they're just now kind of just thinking that it won't be maybe beyond certain time do you think brands are prepared for a longer run also in wellness brands? So let me are brands prepared for a longer lockdown I would say everyone's making their own guess because opinions of various experts are split how long will this lockdown last how will the life be the constraint life will last the the fact is that now it is clear that this will be the constraint life that we're talking about even if lockdown eases out and there is a certain kind of openness there will be certain constraints of your ways of working or your normal life there will be certain constraints that will stay and people will be a lot more conscious about hygiene and safety till it is completely eased out till it is completely declared that it is safe and you know covid is out of the picture so so clearly hygiene and safety brands will will continue to be extremely relevant in this environment people will be conscious a lot more about ensuring that their immunity is well they are ensuring they are using taking enough care of their hygiene and therefore it's a good thing for some of these brands that are operating in this space so I think a lot of brands are not prepared for what's going to come but we'll also have to see, take it week by week, month by month see how the situation emerges and respond we cannot kind of start predicting the next 6, 8 months, 9 months very easily there is going to be a lot of changes I also emphasize some changes at the demand level the fact is that this entire you know covid has also redistributed the entire population there is a lot of population who is migrated back to their homelands a lot of workers who are loaders a lot of people working on you know migrant labour who are there available in the urban cities are not going to be available for some time their spaces will be under pressure so demand will be very very different than what we have lived with in the last 2, 3, 4, 5 years it will be very different the population distribution is changing and we will have to adjust to that many of us may not have been prepared for it but we will have to learn every day we have a lot of audience questions coming, I think we will start with some of them I have a question from bridge rubble he is asking can you comment on covid 19 and effect on quality checks keeping consumers in mind how are you ensuring quality checks in these times so first of all I think our commitment on you know safety and quality starts with taking care of our employees so first of all at all our plans and we have a video put up on mingdon also and we can share it at any place so our first thing is that our employees have to be safe and healthy while we have to produce our products, we want all our employees to be safe and healthy so we have taken all the measures that are all our plans so they are checked at the gate for all the you know all the symptoms including temperature check, all the symptoms if there is anything we don't let anyone come in there if they are coming from an area which we feel there is a possibility we do not let that happen there is a safe distancing within the plant so we are operating our plants anything between 30-40% to 50% maximum utilization because we don't need to do more than that right now and even in our canteens we are ensuring people don't sit together but they sit at sufficient distance ensuring all the quality checks are done including what is coming into our plants so we maintained a fair level of control on the the whole environment because for us employee safety consumer safety is at the high level I have another question from Hemsani she is asking how have companies been able to launch sanitizers so quickly normally there are security tests and packaging tests legal preferences how have these been tackled by various ethnicity companies although she has praised also that nice sanitizer packaging has been done very well she also mentions this thank you very much fortunately we had proven formulations available with us we are a wellness company we have had interest in sanitizers several years back also where we test marketed it several years back so we had it in our bank so it's not something and last year we did the consumer validation which came the results came only in February so we had the formulations readily available with us so we launched two variants one was a tested formulation with our partner who we were working with one was our own formulation we were ready with so we have launched both the two formulations and therefore we have been able to you know we had the stability and all those things tested in advance the bigger challenge was to get the packaging which we worked with a couple of packaging suppliers we have a large set of suppliers we looked at what was readily available and we went back with that that was something we did off the shelves right so we have another question from Vinay Nayar he is asking how do you look at your exports overall especially from India especially to South region overall how are you meeting those demands so our business exports business is going business as usual we did get affected little bit because we had certain requirements in certain countries where the ports were shut off but our exports are fulfilled partially from manufacturing and partially from our partners in outside India so some of the ports were closed so much we could not export some of these things but our exports are back to normal we should be making some exports as we making we are in fact making sugar-free chocolates which we sell to Middle East as we speak so we are being able to run our exports I have one small announcement again which is that on 27th April at 3pm we have another webinar with Mr. Vikram Sathuja who will talk about news channels and their own family role in current times so the next question is from Alpana Di and she is asking what would be your advice to B2B startups in wellness space on services side what would be your advice to B2B startups for startups in wellness space on services side so this is a situation where actually the servicing service sector if there is any human contact is getting is under pressure and I really don't have answers for them because I see a whole lot of them struggling but any services which are which is not delivered in person kind of thing those services are if you look at some of the telecom services are doing extremely well so if I look at wellness and if you could be a little bit more specific I could answer that better but I would say wellness is going to be important and therefore it's a good place to be but if I knew something specific I could talk about it this question is from Mr. Anup Sharma he is asking will this pandemic change the priorities of consumers will health product overtake lifestyle products as we move on I would say it's hard to predict beyond a point factors that it depends upon how things shape up over the next 6 to 8 months I mean I have heard several people talk about look the demand is going to come back and everything will be back to normal I have heard some of the automobile guys saying that everything will be normal give it 6 to 9 months public memory is short so I would say I don't think anyone has a very specific answer for that health and wellness products are here to stay people will focus a lot more attention on that but lifestyle products may take a beating in short term but if things come back to normal if vaccine is found out if cures are done I think things come back to normal pretty fast people find their ways back let's look back to 2008-9 let's look back to what happened in demonetization or GST a lot of things a lot of ways of working changed in short term but I think things do tend to come back and therefore I think lifestyle products will come back they will remain important I am still quite confident that lifestyle will be back the health and wellness angle is something which is here to stay they are not necessary at conflict with each other next one is from Karthik Shiv Kumar he is asking how will the new normal pan out will result in more localized manufacturing will India lose the unique India if that happens will India become more global India becomes more global so the new normal is very hard to predict but the fact is that there have been these contrasting things that are happening in the last 5-8 years you look at India you look at Japan and I am saying these two even America have been saying make in America make in India, make in Japan nationalism is back will India be more global or less global I think fact is globalization is not going away dependence upon I would say dependence upon one country or two countries for your supply chain will reduce people will look at business continuity people will look at not depending on limited ways of doing things yes there may be something that on my own rather than outsourcing some things but what is core to your business will come back more so let me you know address it from company level and the country level from a company level I will always now look back ensure that what will ensure business continuity what can I keep more in control and I am not saying about Zidus wellness alone but I am saying any company will look at me so that my business is less affected by the environment and can I control more things from an India's point of view I think a good example is HCQ Zidus group is one of the largest supplies of HCQ when the America wanted more volumes of HCQ and they reached out to India so I don't think globalization is going away India's role in globalization will become more and more important I think India has a clear global ambitions it will play a more important role but each country will also balance its own interest the global village phenomena is you know the original ideas that it's all open and all fair that will get challenged but yes globalization will stay countries will take care of their own interest but will access other countries as well like minded countries there will be a lot more competition since we are on the wellness subject and I want to ask you personally then how are you maintaining your wellness what is the routine like from someone who is heading a wellness company and how are you making your master? so I think this is the time when I have to start by maintaining my own health and you know routine before I ask my team to you know stay healthy and so very importantly I start my day morning at 9 o'clock back to office because I have converted this study into my office and I have reached out to each and every employee through e-town halls reaching out to all of them sharing my views with them we have told them to maintain their health and safety while we are doing our work as usual because we started off on 23rd, 24th of March when the lockdown started 24th with the situation practically the entire supply chain was shut everything was shut and progressively we opened up our entire supply chain and we have had to work with the company and with the industry on helping this through we have spent a fair amount of time working on projects of thinking beyond the you know so you are firefighting for today but you are also building for the future so fast forwarded a lot of our innovation projects which we want to do once things get at least the lockdown constraints come down and things start coming back to normal so we want to be back in business so for my own self what I am doing is while my schedule has become extremely hectic morning 9 to 6, 9 to 7 I am also ensuring that I take a decent break I am also ensuring that I spend a little bit more time with the children in the evening do some cooking take a little bit of time to meditate or relax for a while because sometimes the pressure becomes high that is really what is important a little bit of fitness and helps we have another 5 minutes to go so we will take 2 questions more so I have another question from Alpana and D is a little sensitive question but I just want to share it have you ever manufactured some products in China or import any ingredients or machines from China has any internal discussion happened or Zidas which you want to share so we have a couple of products which come from China our dependence on China has been fairly less and we are not dependent only on those for those products only on China fortunately over the last few years as a part of business continuity plans European and Japanese suppliers available for those products our dependence on China is very negligible for Zidas wellness so clearly I don't think we need to worry too much about it today from Zidas wellness and that's why when I talk about China or any other country in our global perspective I can share what as an industry but from a China specific point of view our dependence is very limited only 2-3-4 products and where we also for other reasons because we had a business continuity plans in place when there was some pressures on their pollution and some of the plants are likely to get closed down we have in short that we have backup available and therefore our dependence is very very limited last question what is the consolidation of businesses in the wellness industry as we know this is from bridge so from a consumer health and wellness space I don't think major changes are envisaged as we speak today there is not going to be necessarily any major change I would say next short to medium term I think most companies are looking good to manage on their own consolidation if at all will happen we will have to wait and watch I don't see that happening today at least in the consumer health and wellness space that we operated FMCG overall I think we will be able to bear this much better than many other industries and therefore I expect life to be back to of course some companies will get hurt more than others and some companies will come out as doing better because they have seen an expansion of consumption in their space food spaces noodles, biscuits they have been great time for them they would have got better but there are other places where they would have got hurt but no consolidation as I see today in short to medium term thank you and great time and thank you for being part of the ABP news presence which ran for virtual series and we have many more coming up and thank you for everyone who sent in their questions and post discussion you can maybe write to him or tweet directly to him thanks once again for being part of this thank you Royale thank you for having me here and it was pleasure talking to all of you and please stay home, please stay healthy and see you


I've just pulled up in a car park and my words were, if you point the camera that way was, oh my God! That is some view. We've got a castle, we've got a harbor, and we've got the most spectacular backdrop we've seen in the series so far. It's the most treacherous car park where I've been living my life. Make sure your hand breaks working. blessings on the rooftop golf course. It's a bit like the big huts here can make the紅lo pironi you normally don't. Ie, tudwch i'r twfenn. Ond hanes, mae'r argyffra oedd y bydd hwn yn drefnu yn edrych. Mae'r triangle yn y ffyniadeth, yØd-dŷr Hitler. Mae'n dweud hynny sy'n ddefnyddiadau gyda'r ffyniadau yma. Ac mae hynny diogel, ac mae'r Hiddlers drwy'r 30th. Os y gallwn y gwerth, nid yw'n defnyddio. Mae'n dod. Mae'n rhiwng i allan, gweld mae'n reolwch wedi adder i gael Niferthysgol. Y cwm eich broses y ddweud o'r rhom.  Diolch yn ystod drwsgyntau yn ddod o'r ddod. Rwy'n gweithio'n gofio'n Cymru, i gael'r cwmŵr Hysbuncer i'r ddod. Rhyw unrhyw ychydig o'r gyffredin. Mae'n gweithio cael ei gweithio'n cwmŵr Hysbuncer i'r cyfanydd. Mae'n mynd i'n ddod o'r cyfanydd o'r cyfanydd. Felly mae'n gweithio'n gweithio. Felly mae'n ddod o'r cyfanydd. Ac mae'r bydda llwyddon i'ch trwy'n ystod. Mae'n meddwl i'r wych i'r cyfrannu o'i gynnwys ac rwy'n meddwl i'n unrhyw gweld o'r clwb. Roedd hynny i'r byw yn de all ffordd o'r belafodd. Rydw i'n f backup o'r bydda'ch cyfrannu'r cif flynywyr, ac mae oeddech chi'n cael ei gynhyrchu ddogod maent. Ac mae'n bydda'ch bydda'ch bydda o'r blwyddl gan y infs. Yna, rwy'n meddwl ei wneud yw hynny. oedd yn rhoi, mae'n bobl crosio, ac mae'n bwysig i'ch gael ymrwy. Mae'r drwy'r drwy'r drwy'r drwy'r drwy'r rhaid, mae'n gweld o'r ddigon nhw yw'r gwrdd. Yn 198 oedau, mae'n wneud y brif. Cysylltu o'r gwrdd o'r llwp. Ac rwy'n cael ei chyflog oedd y llwp. Mae'n rhaid i'n cael ei ddweudio. That's a rude week isn't it? Down along the first birdie put and then you've got that on the way back. That's not bad hand.    It didn't get up. Put a decent strike. Right I referred to Hitler's bunker when I was on the first tee because that's really where it comes into play. Doesn't affect on the second and believe it or not and I always say there's lots of references to wartime stories on many golf courses and there's another one here. This was a 1940 a German bomber dropped the bomb in this exact spot not too far from the clubhouse and it's aptly named Hitler's bunker. Right Hector so tell me a few other things that make this area special. Well you're in the home of the castle trail. We've got over 263 castles in the area some that you can actually stay in overnight as a guest and some you can go and visit. Denodra castle is one of the most famous ones. Yes which we actually seen that last night. So that's where the Scottish crown jewels were hid and secreted away and hid under the pulpit at the local church down by Stonehaven. We've also got the Queen's summer palace here Andy and if you've got time to visit that well Moral Castle Her Majesty is in residence there at the moment and from where we are in Bancrae it's it's less than an hour away it's about 45 minutes right. A beautiful location great visitor attraction and you can actually play golf on the nine hole courses a nine hole course down there as well with two sets of tees it's a great location. Other famous castles there's two numerous dimension. Cratus castle is in Bancrae five minutes drive away. We've got drum castle 15 minutes as well. Right. So there's lots of history. Once again steeped in history the whole of Scotland everywhere every region we visit it's just incredible. You've come to the right spot. We have yeah definitely. So we'll just see if we can get afternoon tea with the queen nature on this afternoon. Not really nice. Not really nice to say. I've got to say I've not stood on a more spectacular tea position. Incredible. One 16 it said it's playing. Obviously all carry don't pull anything down the left and what a backdrop. Literally I mean just stay here. That's clear water right down there looks stunning. I'm not too sure about the golf shot. The wind is holding off that right hand side as well. I think I'd rather just stay in and admire the views. Right. Can they pick that wind on my microphone because it's it's gusting a bit. I've got the line it's not what the yardage. I've lost it in the sun. That back end. I think back end and just gone off the back and it maybe just overdid it a little bit making sure I wasn't sure that wind caught it and just took it like it said off that backside. But seriously, I say it quite often and I know it's repetitive but it really cares where that ball just went. That's amazing. Right the way down for miles. I couldn't have got a better day to be looking at this. It's stunning. A word of advice when travelling to Scotland and playing golf is be prepared for all conditions. I was just stood on that teabox where we've just seen the the clear blue water clear blue skies could see miles down the coastline and I've stood on the seventh tee so that's just 100 yards further on and 10 minutes later and it started to rain temperatures dropped and it'd be time for waterproof so I'm not careful so pack wisely. Now the existing clubhouse has got a great location from where we started from your teed off on the first but this was the original clubhouse 1988 at 1897 and that's the remnants of what I assume is a chimney breast and they had a fair old vantage point as well to be fair. Another amazing tee position on 12. Green is literally on the horizon. It feels like you can reach from here but 344 meters does that say it. It clearly can't. That's a fair old bash. I'm just interested in where that lands. I can't quite see it land so I'm not too sure where it is but it was solid and flew up into the sea. As fair to say a feature of the golf course in general is eight views that's the state in the obvious and B is the power threes which all seem to take on these fantastic views but also create some incredible backdrops but incredibly tough as well. This is playing 165-168. Wind is right off that left hand side and what you don't want is a cliff falling off to the right so we're going to be playing left onto that sort of bunker line. The last excuse I've got is I haven't got my club in the bag that I would normally choose but I've absolutely played a shot there if that works right. Go ball, go a bit more. Oh. Do you know what? I was so pleased. As a matter of fact it was a three iron that I played. Not quite half a shot but kept the ball flight low. I'd done everything I would have loved to have done and it wasn't enough. I think it was probably a full blown three to get there. I stuck on all put. Something is no words needed. Just take a look behind me. I think that's it. Let the visuals do the talking.


Welcome to the 16th lecture in the course Engineering Electromagnetics. We have been discussing the wave propagation for the last few lectures. Continuing these discussions, the topics for today's lecture are the following. We consider the wave propagation in a conducting medium, then see the difference between conductors and dielectrics, then go on to introduce the concept of the depth of penetration. And if time permits, we consider the concept of surface impedance. Taking up the first topic listed for the day that is the wave propagation in a conducting medium, you would recall that we wrote down the wave equation for a conducting medium as follows, del 2e minus mu epsilon del 2e by del t squared minus mu sigma del e by del t equal to 0. This is the wave equation in a conducting medium involving the electric field, a similar equation involving the magnetic field which also would be called wave equation can also be written. We consider the characteristics of the wave propagating in a conducting medium by considering sinusoidally time varying signals. So for sinusoidal time variations and that is using phasor notation, the wave equation that we have written gets simplified to del 2e plus omega squared mu epsilon e minus j omega mu sigma e equal to 0. In phasor notation, any time derivative can be replaced by the factor j omega which can be rewritten as del 2e minus j omega mu into sigma plus j omega epsilon e equal to 0. And then introducing a new symbol that is del 2e minus gamma squared e equal to 0, we can write this where gamma is j omega mu into sigma plus j omega epsilon whole square root, where gamma is a complex quantity involving the frequency and the characteristics of the medium. In general, it will have a real part alpha and an imaginary part beta. The nature of the propagation in a conducting medium can be understood by making the simplification as we did for considering wave propagation in a perfect dielectric. That is we consider that there is no variation of the fields with respect to two of the coordinates. So assuming that there is no variation with y or the z coordinate, we can write the Laplacian operator del squared as del 2e by del x squared. For the simpler situation when only x variations are non-zero minus gamma squared e equal to 0, where one can write the solution almost by inspection as e equal to say c 1 e to the power minus gamma x plus c 2 e to the power plus gamma x. This is in phasor notation and one can recover the actual time varying electric field vector by multiplying by e to the power j omega t and taking the real part. Carrying out that procedure and considering the first term, we get the first term in the solution and the time varying electric field which will now be a function of both x and t turns out to be c 1 e to the power minus alpha x and then cosine of omega t minus beta x. Now, as far as the second term is concerned cosine of omega t minus beta x, we have established already that this kind of terms or terms with this kind of an argument represent waves propagating in the positive x direction. As far as the additional term that appears here is concerned, now we do not expect power generation of power amplification in a passive medium. And therefore, this must represent the regular attenuation of the wave as it propagates in the positive x direction. Similar interpretation can be arrived at for the second term in the general solution which would represent waves propagating in the negative x direction. Here one should make a remark that since we expect the wave to attenuate as it propagates in its direction of propagation, one should choose the appropriate square root of the complex quantity gamma. So, that we get attenuation of the wave as it propagates that is a matter of mathematical choice. So, from this point of view alpha is called the attenuation constant, beta is called the phase shift constant and gamma the new symbol we have introduced is called the propagation constant. In terms of the phase shift constant, now one can write the phase velocity v p or v phase which will be omega by beta. And also what would be the expression for the characteristic impedance or the intrinsic impedance of the conducting medium that we are considering. If you recall for a perfect dielectric we obtained eta as square root of mu by epsilon which we could rewrite as j omega mu upon j omega epsilon. And now considering Maxwell's first equation that is del cross h equal to j omega epsilon e plus j which we write as sigma e that is it is j omega epsilon plus sigma times e. And when we compare it with the expression the corresponding expression that we get for the perfect dielectric case we see that j omega epsilon is now replaced by j omega epsilon plus sigma. So, instead of obtaining the relationship between the electric and the magnetic field vectors by going through the Maxwell's equations one can simply make use of this substitution. And therefore, here if you replace j omega epsilon by j omega epsilon plus sigma we should get the correct value of the characteristic impedance or the intrinsic impedance. And therefore, eta for conducting media turns out to be j omega mu upon sigma plus j omega epsilon whole square root. Which expressions are of course, the general expressions if sigma is allowed to approach 0 they will take the form that we derived for the special case when the medium was a perfect dielectric or free space. From the expression for the propagation constant gamma that is gamma equal to this much and gamma equal to alpha plus j beta one can write down the general expressions for the attenuation constant alpha and the phase shift constant beta. That is a simple mathematical exercise and on that basis one gets alpha equal to omega then mu epsilon by 2 within the square root sign. And then we have 1 plus sigma squared by omega squared epsilon squared minus 1 as far as the attenuation constant is concerned. This can be handled as a simple exercise.  All terms are the same, but there is a difference in sign here which depending on the values of the parameters of the medium can make a lot of difference. So, these are the general expressions for the attenuation constant which would have the units of nephers per meter and the phase shift constant which will have the units of radians per meter. Now, fortunately or as the practice goes it is possible to divide or categorize the various types of media that one uses in practice in two broad categories. In one category we put conductors and in the other category we put dielectrics. Normally, we tend to use good conductors and good dielectrics or good insulators because these materials in these categories are low loss. Materials that do not fall in these categories would be involving a greater amount of loss. Therefore, one tends to avoid their use and for these two categories it is possible to obtain simpler expressions for the attenuation constant and the phase shift constant. But first we have to specify the basis of this categorization. How would one put some materials as conductors and some other materials as dielectrics. So, that would be the basis of this categorization. That brings us to the second topic for the day that is conductors and dielectrics. For this categorization once again we draw upon the Maxwell's equation derived from Ampere's law that is del cross h equal to j omega epsilon e plus sigma e. That is this equation written for the general case of conducting media. On the right hand side now one can identify the two terms as follows. The first term of course, we are using the phasor notation. The first term is the displacement current density. And similarly the second term is the conduction current density. And the broad rule that one can think of for classifying materials as conductors or dielectrics would be that in a material that we want to classify as a conductor the conduction current or the conduction current density should dominate. And in a material that we would like to classify as a dielectric current insulator the displacement current or the displacement current density term should dominate. So, depending on this relative value of these two current densities it will be possible to categorize or classify the various types of material that come to our hands. And therefore, one writes the ratio of the conduction current density and that of the displacement current density. What will be this ratio equal to? For a given value of the electric field it is going to be sigma by omega epsilon. And the value of this ratio can be used as an index for categorization. And we say that for conductors we have the value of sigma by omega epsilon as much much greater than 1. How much greater than 1? Perhaps 10 is the lower limit it must be greater than 10 giving a typical numerical figure. And similarly for dielectrics we should have sigma by omega epsilon much much less than 1. And the materials that fall in between may be called quasi conductors or quasi insulators or semiconductors whatever one feels like. But as I said that radio frequencies usually one tends to use materials which are which fall either in the category of conductors or in the category of dielectrics because these would be low loss materials. One can consider the nature of these terms for conductors and dielectrics. For example here for conductors sigma and epsilon the conductivity and the permittivity are relatively independent of frequency. Which means that it is quite possible that a material which is a conductor at let us say some low frequency does not behave as a conductor at least according to this criterion at a much higher frequency alright. For example we can consider copper it has a conductivity which is 5.8 into 10 to the power 7 most per meter. And let us consider the value of this ratio at a very high frequency let us say 10 gigahertz. So, in which case it becomes 2 pi into 10 to the power 10 and then the permittivity of copper. Permittivity of good conductors is almost as much as of free space. And therefore, we may write here 1 by 36 pi into 10 to the power minus 9. Which is going to be a very large figure something which is of the order of say 10 to the power 8 or so. Even at a very high frequency that we have considered that is 10 gigahertz. However, if we increase the frequency to a much greater value it is quite likely that this does not behave as a conductor. For example, at x ray frequencies this could behave as a dielectric material. The point we are trying to make is that the behavior of a material as a conductor is dependent on the frequency. For the kind of frequency we will be considering martens like copper will behave as conductors. Similarly, for dielectrics the ratio sigma by omega epsilon the entire ratio turns out to be relatively independent of frequency. And this quantity is given a different name it is called tan delta or the dissipation factor. It is equal to sigma by omega epsilon which of course, is much less than one for dielectrics. For example, for mica the tan delta is say point 3 0's and then 2 and which is relatively independent of frequency. At audio frequencies as well as at radio frequencies the dissipation factor or tan delta for mica is going to be so low. And therefore, it will be a dielectric it will be an insulator at the frequencies of interest to us. There exist media which come into play in wave propagation which fall into play in between say the two categories conductors and dielectrics. And one important medium like that is earth. What is the conductivity of earth? It is different for different locations and in different seasons also it could be different taking a typical figure. The conductivity is let us say 5 into 10 to the power minus 3 most per meter. And the permittivity is let us say 10 times that of free space. And then let us say if you want to find out the highest frequency up to which the earth could be called a conductor what would be that frequency. So we say that let sigma by omega epsilon be equal to 10. Any frequency at which this happens this value is reached that is the highest frequency at which the earth can be called a conductor. At lower frequency it will definitely be a conductor and at higher frequencies it will be difficult to call it a conductor based on this criteria. And therefore, we say that the corresponding omega is going to be 10 epsilon by sigma. One can plug in these values and the corresponding frequency would come out to be 900 kilohertz a little less than a megahertz. This is the kind of frequencies that one uses for medium wave transmission and for such frequency range earth behaves as more or less a conductor. The utility of putting various materials that are used at the frequency of frequency range of our interest into these two different categories is that it is not necessary for us to use the complete general expressions for the attenuation constant and the phase shift constant. We can use simplified expressions of alpha and beta which hold good for conductors or for dielectrics which would be simpler to deal with. And therefore, next what we do is to put down the corresponding expressions for dielectrics and for conductors. Simplified expressions for dielectrics. For a dielectric we have stated that sigma by omega epsilon should be much much less than 1. And therefore, in the part of the expression 1 plus sigma squared by omega squared epsilon squared we can use the binomial approximation giving us this equal to 1 plus sigma squared by 2 omega squared epsilon squared. And therefore, we find that alpha the general expression for which is written here simplifies to the following value it is omega times square root of mu epsilon by 2 and we have sigma squared by 2 omega squared epsilon squared which further simplifies to sigma by 2 square root of mu by epsilon. We shall compare this expression for the attenuation constant with the expression for the attenuation constant that we obtain for transmission lines under low loss approximation and we will find a very interesting comparison. Right now we say that the simplified expression for the attenuation constant for the dielectrics is like this. On the other hand the expression for beta for this approximation is going to be omega times mu epsilon by 2 and then we have sigma squared by 2 omega squared epsilon squared plus 2 which also can be simplified further giving us omega times square root of mu epsilon into 1 plus sigma squared by 8 omega squared epsilon squared which goes to show that the presence of a small amount of conductivity causes a correction term to be added to the expression for the phase shift constant. Similarly, the phase velocity which is going to be omega by beta can be seen to be equal to omega by omega square root of mu epsilon into 1 plus sigma squared by 8 omega squared epsilon squared so that it is v naught into 1 minus sigma squared by 8 omega squared epsilon squared and once again we find that the presence of a small amount of conductivity causes the appearance of a small correction term in the expression for the phase velocity of the wave. Here v naught is equal to 1 upon square root of mu epsilon. The velocity of the wave if the medium had been lossless. In a similar manner one writes the expression for the intrinsic impedance eta which is j omega mu upon j omega epsilon plus sigma whole square root which we simplify as j omega mu upon j omega epsilon into 1 plus sigma by j omega epsilon whole square root which can be seen to be equal to in the approximation that we have been using as square root of mu by epsilon into 1 plus j sigma by 2 omega epsilon that is the intrinsic impedance for a dielectric medium is not entirely real it is a complex quantity it has a small reactive component. The j has appeared in the numerator instead of the denominator so once you take that into account it should be alright. So these are the simplified expressions that one can utilize when one has ensured that the medium that one is dealing with is a dielectric medium. In a similar manner one can write down the simplified expressions for materials which come under the category of conductors. For conductors we have already stated the criterion that is sigma by omega epsilon is much much greater than 1 and therefore the expression for gamma the complex propagation constant which was j omega mu into sigma plus j omega epsilon this itself can be simplified to read as j omega mu sigma under this approximation and therefore we can write this as omega mu sigma by 2 whole square root into 1 plus j. Signifying that for this case the real part of gamma and the imaginary part of gamma are both equal and now we do not need these expressions anymore and therefore we say that for this case both alpha and beta are equal to omega mu sigma by 2. Now since sigma is going to be large for conductors this is going to be a large quantity typically it will be a large quantity and therefore both the attenuation constant and the phase shift constant will be large for conductors. So based on this going to the overhead projector one can note down some conclusions of general significance for the conducting media. For conductors the first conclusion that we can write is the attenuation constant is very large and therefore the wave attenuates greatly as it propagates within the conductor. The second conclusion the phase shift is very large because both alpha and beta are equal what would be the consequence of the phase shift being very large the phase shift constant being very large the phase velocity will be very small. In fact the velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a conductor will have the same order of magnitude as the velocity of sound in A it becomes that low and the last conclusion is that the characteristic impedance is also characteristic impedance is also very small that can be seen from an expression for the characteristic impedance for good conductors. For good conductors the characteristic impedance is going to be j omega mu by sigma alright because the second term in the denominator is negligible which is equal to omega mu by 2 sigma whole square root into 1 plus j that is once again it will have a real part let us say R and an imaginary part j where both R and x are equal. So, these are conclusions of some general significance for conductors. These observations that for a conductor the wave attenuates very greatly as it propagates in the conductor brings us to the next topic of discussion today that is the depth of penetration. We have seen that the wave attenuates greatly in a conductor and therefore it would be able to penetrate into a conductor only to a small extent and this penetration is known as the depth of penetration. One defines the depth of penetration as the depth at which the wave attenuates to a value 1 by e which is roughly 37 percent of the value at the surface. We imagine a wave impinging on a conductor it will have some value of the field vectors at the surface and since it is a conductor the wave will attenuate rapidly and it will decrease in amplitude and at a certain depth it will go down by a factor of e and that distance will be called the depth of penetration. How we can obtain an expression for the depth of penetration can be seen here what is required from the definition is that e to the power e to the power minus alpha x and at x equal to delta this value should be equal to e to the power minus 1 and therefore quite simply the depth of penetration delta comes out to be 1 by alpha. While the concept of depth of penetration would apply to all materials but it is particularly relevant to conductors and therefore we can use the simplified expression for alpha which we have got for conductors and therefore this is going to be equal to 2 by omega mu sigma when we have conducting materials at hand and one can make out that for a conducting material sigma will be large and delta will be inversely proportional to the square root of frequency and the greater the frequency for a given material the lower will be the distance up to which a wave impinging on the conductor will be able to penetrate inside the conductor which to some extent could explain why it is simpler for us to receive the medium wave broadcast signals inside houses but it is relatively more difficult to receive the FM or the television signals the later two signals requires special antennas it is somewhat related to the depth of penetration phenomenon. One can obtain some idea of the typical values for materials that are used for example for copper if we choose a frequency of 1 mega hertz and calculate delta sigma was already specified for copper as 5.8 into 10 to the power 7 most per meter we know all quantities and delta turns out to be 0.0667 millimetres as we progressively increase the frequency the depth of penetration delta will go down by this relation at 100 mega hertz delta would be only 0.00667 millimetres and at 10000 mega hertz it will be 0.306 667 millimetres or in other words 0.667 micrometres or microns which is a very short distance very small distance within the surface. One can consider some other media and see what kind of depth of penetration one obtains for these media one of these medium media that we consider is say seawater sorry to be able to calculate the depth of penetration we require the constants conductivity and the permittivity for seawater we have the conductivity as 4. And the permittivity of course can be taken as 80 times that of free space and therefore the corresponding value of delta which one obtains at 1 mega hertz comes out to be 25 centimetres which is a result of some significance because one could use radio waves of appropriate frequency for underwater communication as well and there the an idea about the depth of penetration would help us in choosing an appropriate frequency for communication. Similarly for fresh water for which one has sigma equal to 10 to the power minus 3 so many moles per meter and epsilon remains 80 times epsilon naught the depth of penetration delta at 1 mega hertz is considerably large it becomes 7.1 meter so that given a certain frequency it will be far easier to carry out underwater communication in say fresh water lakes than in seawater. So in this manner these various special cases and the concept of the depth of penetration can help us in analyzing what happens in different situations or for designing systems appropriate. In today's lecture we have considered wave propagation in conducting media and we have seen that the various media can be put in two broad categories conductors and dielectrics and finally we introduce the concept of the depth of penetration. Thank you.


Gochia, and he will be talking about one of the most exciting and hot areas in big data these days, which is deep learning Yeah Hi So I'm got you there to I'm a researcher at the Swedish Institute of computer science I was supposed to do the presentation with Jim Dolling, but he couldn't come here today So what I would speak about is deep learning on how The platform we are developing can help people to start with deep learning Because the thing is that my team At the Swedish Institute of computer science and we have created a startup and we are what we are doing is developing a new I do distribution It's the first European I do distribution on some aspect of it can be very useful for starting with deep learning To start with raise a question What are the factors that hold back artificial intelligence today? If we look at Bender we can think that it's alcohol on sex, but according to Andre Capati, I don't exactly know who you pronounce his name. If you don't know him he is working at Open IE He and his blog is a quite influential blog in deep learning. So this citation is taken from his blog And he says that there is four factors that hold back Artificial intelligence first one is a compute. It's a compute power. We have so this is hardware This is how much machine you have our power folder your GPU CPU and things like that The second one is the data is that to do deep learning you do you need big data and you need big data that are clean that are Right now it's not so easy to find them the data are kind of all over the place on internet Don't really know where to find them then you when you find some data You don't know if they are really clean and things like that Then the third component is algorithm, so It's what you will do if you work on if you want to develop new Artificial intelligence system on the last one is infrastructure is what do you run? Your deep learning system on So is the operating system, but also where you store your data on things like that on What all platform? address the problem that all platform address is the data problem on the infrastructure program So we'll start with the data problem So the data challenge, how do you find good and interesting data? Okay, if you are in a big company you are spotify or you have the data that are there on you can use them But if you are a hacker or a researcher or you want to experiment with Data you don't necessarily have them there and you look for them and then it's Right now it's kind of going to IKEA, but going directly to the last part You have that are all over the place They are all in box. You have to find the box that go together You have to bring that out at home by yourself and then you build it and then you find out that oh, it's not what I wanted So So how can we help with that? Yeah, and then the other problem are you as I say you bring it back home How do you do that right now is that we don't see but it's not so important It's a line of code that tell you how to download some data from from S3 and Most of the time you have to run it 100 times to have all the data on if one of them Crash in the middle you have to do it manually to find out We are the student a PhD student downloading Whether that And it took him one week the first time and then he Reimplemented the client to download the data and it went a lot faster And then it's if you have that on you want to make them public. How do you do that? There is no straightforward solution now. You can okay. You can put them on Amazon or on Google cloud, but then who pay for that who pay for each time someone don't load and Then you have to make some web page to publish them on things like that. There is No, very nice platform where in few click you can say okay now my data And this is what This is one of the thing we do in our platform. I wanted to make a demo But the problem is that for I can't connect my computer to the video projector and The demo so I will describe the demo and show some screenshots because the demo is what is running We have deployed two virtual machine in my lab And I need my computer to access to them because of firewall problem but so the idea that we had two virtual machine with a full stack with the hop stack so which contain Restore the data in HDFS and then use yarn On thing like that So it's a full ad up stack and we have data in that and we want to share them and we have a nice Interface to to see your data in the in HDFS I will show it a little more when I speak over the infrastructure, but we have data in one of the virtual machine And what we do is just we right-click on them and say share this data here. There is a share the data And then this data are now public and they have a description Which is a file with me file that is in the in the folder and that describe what are in the data and then we on the other virtual machine we can search for the name of this data or For something in the description we use elastic search for the research and we will find the We'll get the result there of all the the public data set that are there and we will say okay, don't load it and Yeah, the screenshot are very bad When we don't load it we say to which project we want to add them and then if it's HDFS we can directly dump it to HDFS or if it's stuff that have the good format for Kafka We can also put them in Kafka And once we have done that it start downloading and we can Start processing on them How does it work in the big in the background? It's a it's a peer-to-peer Torrent like protocol so if a lot of people have this data set in their cluster Then it will go faster to download them And then we'll use the lab that for the lab bats for the transport protocol The idea is that Let that it is not exclusive. So we know that if you have that asset that are public It may not be your priority to Upload them to people that want to download them your priority is to serve the people that use your cluster directly So let that is good for that because it will use only the the bandwidth that is not used by TCP and So if people are not using your cluster It will be able to upload at maximum speed but as soon as you have TCP connection that start to use our cluster it will Go down and use less bandwidth the other interest of lab that is that it's work a lot better than Than TCP over I latency I bond with a connection Which are the connection you have when you have cluster on both side of the Atlantic sourcing like that? I had numbers but Because the problem with TCP is that the congestion windows is Badly reacted to I latency. And so when the latency increase the Con is a throughput at which TCP can Transmit over the network is going down lab that is a Is measuring the latency on this looking at the challenge in latency to know if it should decrease or increase the throughput actually did some So and this is also the advantage that it's under better packet loss because It will not take a packet loss as okay Now I need to decrease the size of my window by half it will say okay There's one packet that was lost but globally the latency is the same So maybe it was just these packets which can happen on very long link And lastly we don't load the piece in order so you can start to process What you are downloading while it's downloading? Hmm So now for the infrastructure part so if you if you want to develop artificial intelligence and you want to be To do the artificial intelligence Alchorism and stuff like that. You don't necessarily want to deal with all the infrastructure under that you don't want to be this guy And For that we propose to use a tons of low on ad up So why tons of low if you were there? To presentation ago, it was two or three You saw that there is a lot of existing system to do Deep learning we choose tons of low because it's the big one right now is the one Everybody use it's Google behind it. So I guess it's help I'm personally more developing the ad up part. So I don't know so much about tons of low Sorry about that And then we think that ad up is a it's good for Because you want to have big that I said see at the beginning the data you need to train your Ado is not so good The reason is that The way people do it is that they have the data in ad up They have tons of low on another machine and they take the data to work on software is they run tons of low They run their algorithm and then they put back the result in ad up. This is not efficient luckily They have been a Now it has been developed a system so that you can from tons of low use data that are in ad up On your platform. We have integrated all of these together so that People can directly run their tons of low job In the plane on using data in ad up without having all to do all these transfer It's not perfect yet. There's still a lot of work to do And this will be part of our future work So I will just do a quick Demo for system the resolution will be shit so Or will I So the thing is that we we run this platform Okay So the thing is that we have a data center in Luleå in the north of Sweden The same place where ad up of their where's Facebook of their European data center I guess it's I just want to zoom out Oops I Yeah, but I use the Swedish Okay, so so the idea that we have a front-end for ad up system And We have a project system where Everything in ad up is a project on inside projects You have a users that have different role and we ensure isolation between the project so If you have data in ad up and they are part of a project You know that people that are not part of this project can't access to it and then We can Go to space nets It's so on this data center we get access to our student of the Deep learning course and they did their Their homework on on it on one of the group did the the space net challenge so it's The idea on yeah, I can and they run it on the cluster. They just went to the plane and In the plane Creating notebook on the idea of space net is that it's a satellite picture of So these are the notebook this is all tons of locos And there's some pictures, so it's some satellite picture of the Rio area On the goal is to recognize if there is building in the picture You can see that when there is building it's isolated the part where the building are I Went to first so So as you can see with this platform, it's easy to download new Datasets on to start working on them with the plane Sticking Okay So future work I only wrote the future work concerning tons of flow because it's the only part I spoke about For platform So something we are working on right now is a distributed sensor flow. So this exists, but this is the we don't think that Implementation is so good right now, and it's not it doesn't work on yarn On the as we want to run it on top of add-up. We want to run it on top of yarn. So we have some people working on that Making that you can you will be able in the future to say, okay I want a cluster with these machines and I want to run this tons of flow program on it And then yarn should take care of that Then that means also adding some things to yarn because we want to be able to run with infidels on on GPUs Which yarn doesn't handle right now right now yarn on the on the CPU on memory So we will we are we are also working on adding this information into yarn So that was saying we have a cluster up in Luleo It's already used so it's called that that is that are That is in prediction that the student on research are using if you want to test or code or platform you can either go to Hops.io and then you could you have a vagrant you can deploy the full tag with a grant on start to play with it We can also give you access to cluster in Luleo But you won't have access to the GPU cards because we don't have enough so we keep them for ourselves Then I just want to thank all these people So we have a lot of alumni because we are a research People so it's a lot of students that I've been working with us and that I've done a value ab work, but as you see we are quite a small team working on this project and We we created our startup to develop it It's called logical clocks And then We are looking for people that want to either use on or system and give us feedback or Develop it. It's all open so you can go on github or Hops.io and have more information about us Thanks Questions any questions? Thank you so much again


Mothree was supposed to be doing the song with her. She came with another rapper from DFW. And it was me, Mothree, and another dude that was in the studio. And she went to the front. And another rapper came in by five guns. They had him out of sticking out their pants. You know what I'm saying? And so they know me, and him and three of them, I already had some words. So she didn't let us know that she was gonna go open the door for these niggas. So they walked in, and three looked at them. She said, bro, look, come on, let me highlight you. And he went back to the back. Him and the Pacific person, all the other niggas stayed in there. Yeah, we on boss talk, one on one, one on one. Yeah, we gon' talk. Kid, the certain interviews that you do, and over there in mogul media, you said something. You said the Cuban doll set up. No, she tried to. I'm trying to understand how you went from that. When you told me on here that it was a, I think you told me. No, it had nothing to do with that. It didn't have nothing to do with that. This was way before that. This was way before that. Yeah, this was way before that. Okay, so basically, one time she tried to set him up. Yeah, Mo3 was supposed to be doing the song with him. She came with another rapper from DFW. And it was me, Mo3, and another dude that was in the studio. And she went to the front. And another rapper came in by five guns. They had them out, sticking out their pants. You know what I'm saying? And so there were no men. Him and three, I already had some words. So she didn't let us know that she was gonna go open the door for these niggas. So they walked in and three looked at them. They said, bro, look, come on, let me highlight you. And they went back to the back. Him and the Pacific person, all the other niggas stayed in there. And they talked about it. And after they talked about it, it came out that somebody else was missing. Wow. And they came back and did the song. But she could've got somebody killed that day. Wow, so you telling me that she knew that that was issues? Yeah, yeah, I know that. That's why nobody else came around us and said it wasn't true. So how different did y'all move after that happened? And I was pushing him to go do a song with him. I was pushing him to do a song with him. Did y'all move different after that, though? Or did y'all just still keep stepping the way y'all were stepping? Yeah, we stepping because I was around the silent individual. So at any moment, you know how it can go, or which way it can go. So, you know, we knew next, we knew not to let anybody come over there and do no verses. Yeah. You know what I'm saying? That was just right around the time of everybody and your friend. Wow. That was right before everybody. Right before that? Yeah, yeah, right before everybody and your friend.  You can tell me from wrong? What? But it seemed like every year, South by Southwest come, since I've been dealing with this for a few years now, they get excited, they go down there and perform, and you don't get another performance for a whole year. Yeah, South by Southwest is the best. Listen, you don't get another whole year. They come on the platform, they say, we hot, we gonna do it this year, but I have to wait all the way to South by Southwest to get another performance. Now, I'm not saying you, but I'm telling you this is what it seemed like to me.  Well, explain.  And a lot of those other artists is local.  You got a better chance of going to the penitentiary and getting on. So how do you think it would be more beneficial? What do you think it would be? It's water down, niggas ain't gotten by. Back in the day, it was a perfect play. How can they bring it back? Once it water down, water down, I gotta move to another city. You gotta move like to Tennessee. What you call it? What's the music capital? Not Memphis, Tennessee, Nashville. Nashville. I gotta go to where executives not scared to walk through the streets no more. Because back in the day, you'll see a big executive, you'll see- They just had a shooting out there. You know what I'm saying? We're at Nashville. I'm talking about when we got a big music conference and they're bringing people in charge to help their bud. It's water down. I'm still the king of the strip club. This strip club had me $10,000. I mean, $9,000 to perform. I mean, to host the strip club. That's more than any rapper in Dallas can book for right now. So what I did, I took $9,000 and I got $2,000 just for a nigga to show up to the hottest nigga in Dallas. Wow. And that was Big X. I told him, nigga, you ain't gotta perform. That's the most humble nigga in the game right now. They were humble. Yeah, that's the most humble nigga in the game. He stay silent. He stand on what he say and how he say. You know what I'm saying? So I can't get mad about that. I got nothing bad to say about him. Even people in my audience, I said something bad to say about him. I ain't got nothing bad to say about him.  What do you think he could be doing better? Cause everybody have room to improve. Tell his story. Yeah, I tell his story. You don't think he has? Not really. We don't listen to his album. We don't know his story yet. Once you tell his story, you don't know how to love. Every rapper you know they store. That's real. You know what I'm saying? You know where the apartments, UGK was hustling that up, you know, Boots and Mama.  Everybody who lasts long in the rap game, tell their story. Wow. Yeah, we on boss talk one on one. Yeah, we gon' talk.


Preparation of alkyne by Grignard reagent, next one write down, by, on reaction with vinyl halide, Grignard reagent, on reaction with vinyl halide forms alkene with respect to, Grignard reagent, on reaction with vinyl halide forms alkene with respect to the alkyne group of Grignard reagent, the alkyne group of Grignard reagent, suppose this is the Grignard reagent RMGX and this reacts with vinyl halide, this is vinyl halide, CH2 double bond CHX, this position is vinylic position, this carbox, this is vinylic position, vinylic carbox, if you attach OH here, we call it as vinyl alcohol, one more position is there, CH2 double bond CH single bond CH2X, this carbon is allylic carbon, this one is allylic, the name of this compound is allylic allylic. So, is that a name for like, for this position, so the next position, if I would add another carbon would be, no, no, no, it is not there, okay, but this is not required for this reaction, but this position you must remember, this is allylic, okay, now what happens here, the product here are CH double bond CH2 plus MGX2, this is the reaction, okay, this R minus MG2 plus and X minus, right, R minus attack on to this carbon atom, this goes out as X minus MGX minus takes this, forms MGX, so what is the separation of alkytes, so already we have alkytes, oh this is alkytes also, okay, it means it is this, that is it, X can be improved, but this is fixed, it is fixed. So, on that side you cannot have more. No, this side you cannot have, this position is an allylic position, this group we call it as Vinay CH2 double bond CH and then open it, Vinay, okay, right on next, fitting reaction, fitting here, fitting here, what is fitting, fitting, what is here, fitting here, this one we have to write down, the fitting reagent we use is alkylidine, alkylidine tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, this is vitic reagent, sometimes I ask this question, what is vitic reagent, alkylidine tri-pinial phosphoryne, okay, the formula is Ph3T tri-pinial double bond CH2, formula is Ph3T tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, tri-pinial phosphoryne, or any other alkali, CS3 we can take C2 and C5. The simplest one is, well R is hydrodynamic. So this one is DMTP double bond CS2. This is methylidine, CH2 double bond is methylidine. Okay? Double bond. This open double bond CH2. It's methylidine. Okay? Now the reaction is very simple. Suppose this is a method of repression of algae from aldehyde or keto. What is this keto? Now when this reacts with CH3P double bond CH2, the product of this reaction is CS3C double bond CH2, CS3 plus PH3P double bond. So this is a ketones. We take the reaction for ketones. Ketones, aldehyde. Repression of alkenes from aldehyde or keto. So what are these two together? Carbonyl compound. So there also you just replace the double bond. Double bond. So we don't always use this PH3P CH2. Generally we use this only. But instead of this we can use, suppose CS3, two also we can use. So you basically see that. Okay. That's what we have to do. This double bond, this double bond O and double bond CH2 you have to. This is an ethyl compound. Ethyl can't be compounded. Ethyl can't be compounded. Whatever we have here, this we should attach with this compound. So why is it called phosphory? Like what's the phosphory? Phosphory is illegal when you have P double bond O group. P double bond O. So if there's no P double bond O group. Double bond O is called P double bond O. Double bonded phosphorous is called P double bond O. Okay what is the product in this reaction? In this we do not have any exception. Mechanism is not there. We can discuss mechanism also and since this is a new reaction, so DHA and pattern is always fixed. We haven't done percentage composition of keto in all group. For that we have five, six methods. Okay. That we'll discuss. That one and one more thing like conformers, cyclohexane. That we'll discuss after finishing this chapter. Okay. Like in this one you see here we have tautomerism possible. Keto in all. This converts into this. In general what happens, keto form is more stable than enol form. Enol form. Why? Because C double bond O bond is stronger than this. In this one you have to compare and this is more stable. But if you take this, there are some rules for this. If you take this one, you know keto enol tautomerism is possible. And it converts into bond O and this converts into phenol. This one is aromatic. So since it is aromatic highly stable, so this 100% converts into this. So its comparison is 100% right. So in phenol we think reaction won't take place. Which one? This reaction? I'm not talking about this reaction. In this it won't take place. Because it is a reaction of only aldehyde. Converting of aldehyde and keto into alveol. So for us for example, shouldn't it have been C double bond C C H? No it's not. R will be hydrogen or aldehyde. That's why you say this entire probe with the tides of it is double bond C C H. Sir but then over there why doesn't the probe take place? Well, who think this? Oh yeah, no it didn't. But yeah. Okay, right now one last reaction by Pope elimination reaction. Right now last one by Pope elimination reaction. Right on. In this reaction, in this reaction, 3 degree amine oxide, in this reaction 3 degree amine oxide with at least 1 amine oxide with at least 1 beta hydrogen. Amine oxide with at least 1 beta hydrogen is heated add 150 degree Celsius. In this 3 degree amine oxide with at least one beta hydrogen, it is heated add 150 degree Celsius and it forms an It forms alkene and a derivative of hydroxylamide, hydroxylamide, RCH2, N double bond O, N double bond O, R2. So I saw some questions which nitrogen became pentaminate, directly with you. Sir, these guys have an MPD field. It was counting for me. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. Ok. So actually we see this one. So if you write this reaction this way, carbon, hydrogen, beta-carbon is this. So when you need this, this part, learn where to take this hydrogen, this comes over here and this goes over here. So it forms this product. RCS double bond CH2 and R2 OH. So it must be required at least one beta hydrogen for this reaction. At beta position we must have at least one hydrogen so that this hydrogen is taken up by this O- and forms hydroxyl energy. Okay, finished. We'll take a break. Preparation is done. We'll see some chemical reactions Let's see what happens.


Hello everyone and welcome back to another video. In this tutorial we're going to be looking at counting in Excel with multiple criteria. So in order to do that we're going to be using the count if function. So count if, if you're not familiar already, is an extension to the count if function. A count if function allows us to perform a count based on a single criteria. What count ifs allows us to do is then add in a second, third or even fourth, continuing on as number of criteria as you acquire. So we've got a really simple table on the left hand side here giving us some fruit and the color of that fruit and we're just going to apply a criteria to that and show you how you can count to see when your criteria is matched. So let me just get rid of this result we've got over here and we'll get rid of our criteria and we'll start from a fresh. So the first thing we need to do is we're going to just jump straight in. We're going on to the count formula or count ifs formula. So what we want to do is we've got a two piece of criteria here and we want to compare those to find out how many occurrences where those criteria match appear in our data set. So you probably saw a minute ago but our first piece of criteria we're going to put in is we want to look for the fruit of banana. So we want to find how many times the fruit banana is appearing in this list and also how many times the combination of the fruit banana and the color yellow is appearing. So it might seem like a very simple scenario we're looking at here so I'm sure you're probably not looking to do this in your work but hopefully it serves a good purpose to demonstrate how to use the count is function. So what our formula is going to do is basically say okay find the number of occurrences where banana is here find the number of occurrences where yellow is where banana is here and yellow is in the second column and then tell us how many times that occurrence appears. So for us to do this function all we need to do is to our equal symbol and type in count ifs and open brackets and upon opening our brackets you'll see the the prompt that we have here. So the format we're going to have here is pretty much select your range and then the criteria select your second range and then your second criteria. So the first thing we'll do is select our fruit range so you can see that's b7 to b13 and do comma and then we want to now define the criteria to apply to that range so for us it's going to be this criteria number one here banana you could type it in using quotations like so that's the out symbol b like this but we're going to opt for the more dynamic solution I'll just select in the cell reference so it's more dynamic and you'll see why in a minute. Once we've entered that criteria we can do comma again and we'll now move on to criteria range two. So the second range you want is the color so we're going to just select this range here for our color do the comma so we then move into our criteria two what's the criteria to apply to range two and then we can simply just select yellow from here once we've done that we'll close our brackets so you can see the full function here and it's each section has been highlighted a different color and what's very useful to obviously differentiate between what part of the function you're in once we've got to that we can hit enter and you can see we get the result of number one so why is that well we can see that banana is appearing three times in the fruit column so we can see there's one there one here and we can see banana there so we can see it appears three times but in the other two of those times we can see it's got banana green or banana red it only actually appears once with the combination of banana yellow and it's this banana yellow here in green that we're going to be counting in our result to give us the number one if we're to change one of these other results and now this is the benefit of having our criteria dynamically referenced by obviously putting in the cell reference that contains the value here if we to change another one of these to the color or desired color of yellow and hit enter you can see that our result has now updated to the number two another benefit well obviously the same benefit really but just to do another example if we now change our criteria one of the fruit to apple and let's pick green we can put that in here you can see now it's going to update for us as well if our combination does not appear so let's put something in here like what's the color or combination we don't have so we don't have apple orange so if I have to put a combination in here that is not present in our data set you can see the result is zero so you won't get an error you'll just get a zero to indicate that it's not appeared at all therefore it's not being able to count any occurrences of this combination so really quick scenario what's not scenario so a really quick step through the count is function but it is quite sort and sweet and we hope you obviously learn everything that you need to now apply this function to your work if you haven't already make sure you hit that like button it's obviously greatly appreciated by us and it does really help the channel obviously as well if you haven't subscribed to the channel I don't know what you're waiting for but do subscribe to the channel hit that bell notification button and then that way you'll be notified of all of our future videos as soon as they come out if you do any further questions feel free to drop us the comments below this video or reach out to us and one of the links in the description for this video so we've got our Facebook and our Instagram account in there as well and even our website so you can contact us via one of those links as well we've also actually got a couple other links to some additional training and some content so if you want to check those out again links in the description of this video go have a look and it'll only be beneficial for you to do so so thank you very much for watching and we shall see you in the next video before you go don't forget to check out the other videos on our channel you'll see everything from other functions and formulas through to tips and tricks we've also created some playlists so you can see these categorized together so make sure you check those out and get all those useful information and obviously as always don't forget to subscribe and hit that bell notification button


Labor is giving $7 billion a year to the wealthy and to property moguls while millions of people in this country go without. In a wealthy country like ours, people should not be homeless. And in a wealthy country like Australia, no one should find themselves. One unfair rent increase away from an eviction because a landlord and wealthy property mogul wants to make a bit more money. Everyone understands. Building more public housing helps everyone and whenever they say well we haven't got enough money to build more public housing, you say well why don't you stop giving $7 billion a year to property moguls and instead use that money to fund a rent freeze and build more public housing. It's what governments used to do in this country and we can make governments do it again. Authorised by J. McCull, Australian Greens, Canberra.