Welcome to this week's edition of Encompass Live. I'm Emily Nimsacan here at the Nebraska Library Commission. I'm filling in for your regular host, Krista Burns, who is out of the office this week, and I am also presenting this week's edition. Encompass Live is the Nebraska Library Commission's weekly online event. It covers a variety of topics related to library activities. Sometimes hosted by commission staff, sometimes we have guest presenters. These one-hour training sessions are free and they're offered every Wednesday at 10 a.m. central time. And they include really a wide range of things, presentations, book reviews, many training sessions, lots of different things. So if you're interested to see what you like today, be sure to come back for another week for another Encompass Live. Today I am presenting on RDA, Resource Description and Access, the new cataloging rules that are slated to replace AACR-2. And when I was thinking about this presentation, I was stuck on what to call it. I always kind of like to get a catchy name for a title. And somehow, are we there yet, came to mine. I think most people feel like RDA has been kind of a long time coming. I know I was in library school, I think 2006, and they were telling us it was just around the corner. And there have been a lot of delays. But, so I think a lot of people are kind of feeling like, are we there yet? Is it ready to happen? But yes, it is around the corner for real this time. And so I thought in this presentation I would cover the basics of RDA for people who may not be as familiar with it. And also discuss just some things that have happened kind of recently. Some updates that even if you are fairly well versed in RDA, you might have missed. I'll talk about changes that you're going to see right away when it's implemented. And things that might not happen now, but might, are possibilities down the road thanks to RDA. And then I'll discuss some tips for implementation. So here's the story so far. Work on revising the Anglo-American cataloging rules, it was called AACR 3 then, started in 2003. In 2005, it was kind of realized that we needed more than just a revision of the rules. They needed to really change in a more meaningful way. And so in 2005, the focus changed to the new name of the rules, RDA, Resource Description and Access. And the joint steering committee for the AACR 3 was also changed to the joint steering committee for the development of RDA. And I said there were some delays in the expected publication date of RDA, but it was finally published in 2010. So just over two years ago, I think it was June of 2010, then it came out. And from late 2010 to early 2011, RDA was tested by the National Libraries. So here in the United States, that was the Library of Congress, the National Library of Medicine, and the National Agricultural Library. Along with about 26, I think, test partners, libraries across the country of various sizes and various types participated in the test, which was designed to allow people to train on RDA, create records on RDA, and evaluate the rules. After the test was completed, the testers had a number of recommendations of things that could be done to RDA to make it easier to work with. And you can see here the number of things they wanted, you know, rewriting the instructions in clear English. And so a copy editor was hired for that purpose. The minor process for updating RDA in the online environment improved the functionality of the toolkit. Some people complained a lot about how the online RDA toolkit worked. They needed more examples of full records in Mark and other encoding schemas. They wanted the completion of the registered element sets and vocabularies. Credible progress was a replacement for Mark. Insured for the facilitate community involvement, lead and coordinate training. So just kind of, you know, making sure people can be comfortable with RDA. Answers and demonstrations of prototype input and discovery systems. So, usually I'm not sure that all of those have been met quite yet, but, and so, but, the Library of Congress, the National Libraries did go ahead and decide that they would set an implementation date. This was just announced this February, I believe they announced that the implementation date will be March 31st of next year. So, regardless of what you decide to do with RDA, March 31st of next year, you will be seeing copy cataloging with records, RDA records from the Library of Congress. So I thought I'd focus first on what things will be different right away. When you look at an RDA record in Mark, what things are you going to see that look different? And I know they all say straight off the bat that I'm not covering everything. It's hard to do in an hour. One of the resources that I'll point you to at the end of this presentation is a comprehensive list of examples of differences between AACR II and RDA that was compiled by Adam Schiff at the University of Washington. And actually some of the examples I use are come from his presentation. So if you want to see more of what I'm talking about here, I would definitely recommend you check out his resource. One thing that's different about RDA is the structure. You know, AACR II is divided into the section I'm describing, the different types of resources, and then the section on access points. In RDA, the first section is recording attributes. And so you can see here, RDA is based on FURBUR, the functional requirements for bibliographic records. And so that's where a lot of this language comes from, things like manifestation and item, work, and expression. Those are ways of thinking about bibliographic records according to FURBUR. And attributes is kind of like what we think of as description, basically, you know, an attribute of a work, it's title, things like that. So when you're recording attributes of something, basically you're describing the item that you're cataloging. You'll notice that section four is kind of in gray, recording attributes of concept, object, event, and place, that basically relates to subject headings. RDA is designed to deal with subject headings, which is a difference from AACR II, but it's not done yet. So that will be coming at some point, unsposed by point in the future. So for now, RDA does not deal with subjects. The second part of RDA structure after recording attributes is recording relationships. And this is the thing about RDA that is somewhat different than AACR II. They want to really make it possible to explicitly record relationships between different types of items. If you want to point out that one work that you're cataloging is the sequel to another work, they want to make it able to do that. Relationships between the people who are responsible for the creation of a work, they want to make it very explicit whether the person is the illustrator or the author or things like that.  And again, you'll notice that section seven and section 10 are grayed out. These deal with subject headings and they will be coming later. So I said I'm going to focus on things that you will see right away in Mark Records. What's going to be different? Well for one thing, RDA has a lot fewer abbreviations. As you can see here, the top example is under RDA. The bottom one is AACR II. The word pages is spelled out. The word illustrations is spelled out. RDA is very big on kind of not over-complicating things. When it comes to transcription, you take what you see. When it comes to abbreviations, you don't use them unless they are on the item. So in a field like this, where it's physical description, you would not use abbreviations. Except for the CM at the end, people don't even wonder why would you still abbreviate centimeters? And the reason given for that is that CM is not an abbreviation, it's a symbol used by the international community to represent centimeters. Another way that RDA tries to simplify things is by lack of Latin abbreviations. So up top you'll see the RDA way of doing things. When you don't know the publisher and the place of publication, you go with place of publication, and publisher not identified, not SL period, S period, L period, or S period, N period, as you can see at the bottom. You also notice there's a different mark field used here, and I'll get to that later as to the 264 field. But for now, let's focus on the fact that Latin abbreviations are used not at all in RDA. And I always joke that it's kind of disappointing because this was knowing what SL and SN stands for or one of the few places that I got to use the Latin that I took in college that really doesn't come in handy all that often. Another place where Latin abbreviations are gone are in indicating inaccuracies in the title. The practice under RDA is to transcribe the title as it appears, even if it's spelled wrong, and then add a note explaining what the title should read as opposed to putting sick in brackets after the misspelled part of the title. Another thing that you'll see is different in RDA is the rule of three in the statement of responsibility is gone. Previously under AACR two, if there were more than three authors, you would see the bottom example. The first author would be listed, and then again, another Latin abbreviation at all would be used to indicate that there were other people. Now, in the top examples, you can see that everybody can get credit in my highly fictionalized example there. There is still an option for omitting the other authors if you know, for example, there were 18 other authors and you did not feel like your catalogers had the time to type out all their names. You can put and three others or and 18 others or however many others in brackets. But again, the Latin abbreviations are gone. As I said, RDA is really big on take what you see. So going with how things appear on the items. So for example, when it comes to addition statements, if the addition statement is spelled out, if the number is spelled out or the word addition is fully spelled out on the item, go ahead and transcribe that as it appears on the item. Don't abbreviate unless the abbreviation is used on the item. Same thing with statement of responsibilities. These are supposed to be ends of 245 fields here. Go ahead again, go ahead and take what you see. So an AACR two used to drop people's titles. If he was credited as Dr. John Smith, you would not use a doctor, but in RDA you go ahead and use that. Another place where you see this is publication information. You no longer have a set of abbreviations that you're told to use for the name of the state, for example. Go with how it appears on the item. Now one of the big changes with RDA that you may have heard about is getting rid of the general material designation, the GMD, what appears in subfield H of the 245 field. And they're replaced with three different elements, content type, media type, and carrier type. And this felt that this really allows people to better capture the aspects of what an item is. The GMD is some of them reflect content, some of them reflect media, and some of them reflect carrier. And so with RDA the point is to break these all down into separate elements. And we'll be talking about the mark coding for this in a little bit. There will be some changes to a hangings in the authority files. For example, circa is no longer used to indicate that you have approximate dates for someone's life. Approximately, it's spelled out. Bible hangings will change. They're no longer specifying if a book of the Bible is some of the New Testament or the Old Testament. So that top example is how it will be under RDA. And there really are quite a few more differences in authority headings that I don't have the time to go into here. But I'm just mentioning some of the big ones that you'll notice. As I mentioned, RDA is more about relationships than AACR2 was. And so there will be some different practices in sort of indicating related works. For example, if you want to indicate that something is a sequel to another book, you can do that in a 700 field, using a subfield I to indicate the relationship rather than just putting it in a note. Relationship designators are also used in RDA. This is again the part of making the relationships explicit. So rather than just having somebody's name in a 700 field, subfield E will be used to indicate how that person is related to the work. It's anything goes for the 100 field. You can use a relationship designator to explain how a person is related to the work. As you can see in that second example, if a person has multiple roles, you can go ahead and use multiple subfields E. Okay, as I mentioned, there are quite a few new mark fields associated, well, I wouldn't say quite a few, but there are some new mark fields associated with RDA. The big ones are 336, 337, and 338 for content type, media type, and carrier type. And so the first example there, most often you'll probably just see one of each in a record. That top example is for a book. And these are all chosen from set lists of terms that appear in RDA. So you have a list of content types and a list of media types and a list of carrier types. So that's where these come from. And that's what the subfield two indicates that these terms come from the specific list. The subfield two shows you the source of the term. So RDA content is for the content type list in RDA. RDA media is for the media type in RDA. RDA carrier is for the volume type in RDA. Now the second grouping down there, I included just to show you that part of the reason for going to content type, media type, and carrier type, instead of dealing with the GMD is that you can be more specific if something falls into multiple categories. For example, that bottom cluster of fields is from a record for streaming video online. And so you want to be able to reflect the fact that it's both a computer resource and a video resource. So the content, there's only one type of content. It's a two dimensional moving image and one 336 field. But there's two 337 fields because you want to be able to reflect that it's a computer resource and it's also a video resource. And then the 338 is more specific as to the fact that this computer resource, this video is accessed online. So there's only one carrier in this example. Another new marked field is the 264 field. As if you were looking at some of my examples before when I was talking about publication information, you'll notice that the ASR2 example had a 260 field and then I used 264 for the new marked field. I believe this became a viable marked field. I think maybe last fall or so. It's for production, publication, distribution, manufacturer and copyright statements. And it just is designed to allow you to get a little bit more specific about which of these functions you're talking about and to use multiple ones of these if you have multiple functions. And if, for example, in serials or something, they have changed over time. So you'll see here the first indicator kind of applies to that. Tells you which of these is earliest and which of these is the latest if you have, for example, a serial that changed publishers. The second indicator is where you are allowed to specify what type of statement this is, whether you're talking about production information or publication information, distribution information or manufacturing information or copyright date. That was one thing about ACR2 and Mark is that the 260 subfield C could be used for either a publication date or copyright date or both. And so this is an attempt to break that down into more two discrete elements. I believe the practice according to the Library of Congress policy statements is to, if you have both a publication date and a copyright date, create a 264 field with the publication information and include the publication date in subfield C and then create another 264 field with just copyright date. You'll just have a subfield C, you won't have any of the other information. So just put the copyright date on its own in its own 264 field. Another thing to notice about the way Mark records will look in RDA is the 040 field. You should include a subfield E, RDA, to indicate that it is an RDA record. Subfield E is for the descriptive conventions used to create the record. So that's something you can use when you're creating records and also something you can look for when you find records. You'll know it's an RDA record for sure if it has RDA in the 040 subfield E. You'll see a lot of changes Mark wise in authority records. This is actually for name authority records I'm talking about specifically here. And the thing with RDA authority records is that they're going to be a lot more rich. There's going to be a lot more information that you can express in these records. And so there'll be things like the person's gender, the person's field of activity associated places which can be where they grew up, where they lived when they did most of their work, things like that. So a lot more information about people are going to be included in name authority records. Are there any questions at this point before I kind of switch gears a little bit? Okay. I'm not seeing any questions at the moment but please you don't have to wait for pauses to go ahead and type them in. I have monitoring here and I can see if they come in as we're going along. So if I say something and you want me to go wait, stop, go back and talk about that. Please go ahead and type something in. And basically, so the next thing we're going to talk about is what could be different later? Right now, yes, there are a lot of changes in Mark but to a certain extent they all seem kind of small and it's not that different from what we're doing with AACR too. So, but I think there could be big changes coming down the road. Oh, I do see a question coming in. We have a comment saying this isn't going to be easier, is it? I don't know, probably not at first. I'm thinking down the road, it may be but I think the transition is going to be a little rough. But to kind of go back to my original theme of RDA, are we there yet? In my opinion, in a lot of ways, no, we're not even though the rules are going to be implemented in March even though we're going to be doing Mark records in RDA. The human changes that could come with RDA are not here yet. And so in my opinion, no, we're not there yet but we could be later. One of the things that I think could come to fruition is sort of what people call ferberized catalogs. Things that really take advantage of ferber and its principles of breaking things down into works versus manifestations and explicitly doing the relationship aspect of it. Pointing out the relationships between different works and between people and works. And so there are a couple examples of interfaces out there that exemplify the principles of ferber a little bit that I always like to point out. One of them is the OLAC, that's near, Moving Image Discovery Interface and OLAC is the online audio-visual catalogers. And so theirs is limited to moving images as it sounds like, but if I do a search for Dracula, you'll notice that it brings it down into particular works, the 1958 version, the 1992 version, but under that it's grouped by various types of various manifestations of this particular work. So the VHS, two of the different VHSs, the DVD, 35 millimeter film, 16 millimeter film, and then the same thing for the 1992 version. So I think that if RDA comes to fruition the way it should, it should be easier to do things like that and obviously it'll take some revisions on the part of our ILS vendors or catalogs that we use are not really doing this right now. Another sort of ferberized resource is called ScareZone and it's from Indiana University and it does attempts to do the same thing only with music. And so it will group it together and with a work of music, one particular sonata or concerto could be found on a number of different CDs and it could be grouped together with all of Mozart's horn concertos and then you could also find it on a compilation of the best horn concertos ever. And so it's broken down to the level of individual piece of music so that you're not just looking for a CD, you're looking for individual pieces of music. And so I think that's another example of how RDA could kind of change things. Osplit is another catalog that sort of exemplifies Ferber principles. It's put up through the National Library of Australia and some Australian libraries and you do have to have a subscription to use it but they do have some free samples that you can look at without a subscription. So for example, this is a work called The Broken Shore. It tells you about the different versions that this work has appeared in. This work is called The Working Forest and it has a separate record for each individual essay that's included in the work. So it really goes down to that granular level and I think with RDA making relationships more explicit. I think that this is the type of thing that we can see more under RDA. See, so we've got a question coming in, I think. Okay, I have a question. Can you define RDA carrier? Sure, going back to when we were looking at the content type, carrier type and media type fields, let me actually go back a few slides here. The RDA carrier here in subfield too. That means that the terminology online resource came from a set list that is in the RDA rules that are defined as carrier type terms. So there are things that tell you what the physical item is. For example, in the example above that, the volume is what has been defined to specify that the item is a physical volume one book. As opposed to online resource, it tells you that the item actually isn't a physical item at all, it's online. But the carrier type that's represented by that RDA carrier code tells you what the physical item itself is. What is it that you're holding in your hand or looking at online? Another question coming in, what is the different format that's supposed to replace Mark? That's a very excellent question and we're going to get to that in just a little bit. That's actually my next topic of discussion. A question is, will there be something similar to Debra Fritz cataloging with the AACR2 and Mark? I don't actually know the answer to that question. I certainly hope so. I think that it's really going to be important to have some resources that kind of simplify working with RDA. As I mentioned, the testers did kind of recognize that it's not the easiest thing to navigate either in terms of understanding the language or in terms of navigating the toolkit. And so I think there definitely is a market for a simplified version of it. Some people have suggested, like Max Bell's handbooked or to AACR2, I certainly hope there are a number of RDA resources coming out. And there have been books that deal with it, but I haven't yet seen something similar to what you're talking about with Debra Fritz's resource, which really kind of goes step by step. But I certainly wouldn't doubt that there will be something like that later on. That's a good question. Okay, let me skip forward to where we were. I think that another thing that could be in our future with RDA is new search options. I think it kind of takes reimagining how users interact with our catalogs. For example, I see the Open Library as an example. They're not using RDA, but Open Library in addition to just creating records for a book, they kind of have these landing pages for, for example, individual authors or even individual subjects. And so if you don't have a particular book in mind you're looking for, you can search for an author. Let's do that search for Jane Austen. And in a traditional catalog, you would just get a list of the books. But here there's also other information like subjects that she writes about, places associated with her, people associated with her, time periods associated with her. And so I think with RDA and its emphasis on relationships we could kind of end up catering more to users who don't necessarily come to our catalogs looking for a specific book, but want to be able to browse a little bit more. I think having both those richer authority records and the relationships emphasized. I think that if our ILS vendors get with the program I think there really could be a lot of cool things done with RDA. As I was mentioning, we have richer authority records with those fields about gender and place and associated time. And so instead of searching for Jane Austen somebody could come to our catalog and search for women authors. And then maybe narrow it down to women authors from England. And then maybe narrow it down some more to women authors from England who wrote in the 1800s. So it's not so much a known item search. Right now our catalogs cater to people who know what book they want, what author they want. You know, subject searches aren't very easy to use. And so I think that RDA could kind of help people who have different ways of searching our catalogs than what we currently provide right now. Now we had the question about what will replace Mark. And the announcement as far as the Library of Congress is concerned is that it will be a linked data format. And so I did want to touch on that a little bit because it's a new concept. If you are not familiar with linked data it will be kind of different from Mark. In fact, Library of Congress, this may announce that they have contracted with a company called Zephira to help launch this new framework, the replacement for Mark. And so they are translating Mark 24 Math into linked data. So I'm gonna give you a really brief introduction to linked data. Here is the Wikipedia definition. Linked data is a method of publishing structured data so it can be interlinked and become more useful. It uses standard web technologies but rather than using them to encode information that humans can read, it extends them to share information that can be read automatically by computers. Meaning that information is encoded in a way so that computers can kind of understand the meaning of what is encoded. One way to think about this is right now the internet kind of links resources to resources. You click on a hyperlink and it goes from one webpage to another webpage without really any rhyme or reason to why the links itself doesn't tell you anything about why it's linked. Really the two pages could have almost nothing to do with each other just whoever created them decided to link them together. And it's also fairly non-specific. You're not able to link to smaller pieces of information within the page. And so that's what linked data creates. It breaks the information down into little smaller chunks and then the links are between the chunks of data rather than the monolithic, the web pages themselves. The other difference with linked data is that as opposed to HTML, which is what hypertext market language but web pages are encoded in now, the encoding for linked data really includes more meaning. It tells the computers what the relationships are between the pieces of data. HTML, the tags like H1 for heading and P for paragraph which just tells the computer how to display the information. It doesn't tell the computer anything about what the information means. This is the example of what the encoding would look like with linked data. It's called RDF Resource Description Framework and it's usually encoded in XML, Extensible Market Language. Don't get too intimidated by this. I really think that when we're working with this we won't have to see any of this stuff. It'll be kind of behind the scenes and the catalogers will enter the data into hopefully a much more user friendly interface. But I think this is useful to look at and see that the meaning of the different pieces of information is encoded. For example, this is telling the computer that this is an artist. It's telling the computer that USA is a country and it's telling the computer that Columbia is a company. It's all encoded right there in the computer coding. You don't need a person reading it to understand what these things mean. And with linked data relationships are key which should sound familiar. It's something that RDA is also all about relationships. We're used to kind of connecting pieces of information based on their context. So if we look at a catalog record and see title, A Christmas Carol, author Charles Dickens, our brain puts that together that Charles Dickens is the author of A Christmas Carol but a computer can't understand that relationship. So linked data makes these relationships explicit. They break down relationships into things called triples. They have three parts, subject, predicate and object. And so in this case, the subject is a Christmas Carol. The predicate or the relationship is has author and then the object is Charles Dickens. And so ideally with linked data, you will kind of bring together information from different sources. So right now these, this is pretty monolithic. It's all the information is provided here but you could have artist and link to the Wikipedia entry for Bob Dylan. Bring each of these could be provided from another source. They could be instead of being just a text, they could be a link to something else on the web. And so that's where linked data really comes into play. You don't have to create all the information from scratch and so we could be bringing in information from other places into our library catalogs. It's kind of hard to visualize what linked data would look like because really to a user, it will just look like any other website but behind the scenes, things are being drawn from other sources. There is a project out there to use linked data to create a resource about the Civil War. And again, it's kind of hard to illustrate but the best I can do is that they have these examples of resources that are brought together about the Civil War. And this one is a Google book. This one is from Seeking Michigan, a Michigan historical resource. This one is from Michigan also. Historic Elmwood cemetery. So these resources all come from different places and they're drawn together automatically by the computer. So that's kind of an idea where we could be going with linked data. Any questions about sort of the big picture down the road, things that maybe could come about with RDA? Okay, then I guess we'll take another step back to maybe the more practical sides of things. Yeah, we were sort of getting abstract there for a little bit but so what can you do when it comes time to implement RDA? As I said, the Library of Congress is implementing March 31st. Decide when you will implement. Do you want to go ahead and start doing things now? Do you want to wait and do it on March 31st with the Library of Congress? Do you want to not do it at all? Some people I know are thinking about not implementing RDA but you really will be dealing with RDA copycataloguing records. So editing them for ACR2 would probably end up being more work in the long run. And be aware that other people may influence sooner than March 31st. So even if you are going to go along with the Library of Congress and implement in March, you probably already are seeing RDA records in copycataloguing. And so decide how you're going to handle those. I have a couple of questions coming in about the whole link data thing. How much of the link data will we be adding to the records? That's really hard to say. I think we're still a ways off from probably having link data records. And it will kind of remain to be seen if we're going to be getting data from publishers or from other bibliographic resources out there will be linking to other control vocabularies on the web. I don't know. I think I have a hard time answering that question. I think to be perfectly honest because it really could go a lot of different ways. And I think that at first we'll probably still be doing a lot of creating our own information. But I would say maybe start by having sources out there for authorized headings, name authorities, things like that. I think that is probably a way to start. Library of Congress has made a lot of their authority records available in link data. And so that might be a way to start where we would still do a lot of the script of cataloging ourselves, but use link data for authority headings, things like that. Let's see more questions. Will Library of Congress release RDA records only after 331? No, I believe that some of their catalogers are working on it, they're being trained on it. And I think it was just that after 331, March will be first, all of their cataloging will be RDA records. That's my understanding. After March, will all LC authority records be an RDA format? I can envision catalog chaos. Yes, I think the authority records are kind of the tricky part of this. I know that the program for cooperative cataloging has kind of a phase one and phase two plan for how they're dealing with records. Right now they're in phase one and they're adding a note to authority records that will need to be changed when RDA goes into effect. Some of them will be able to kind of be changed manually. I mean, automatically with computers, one thing that I hadn't mentioned, but one change is that the word department is going to spell out instead of abbreviated, going along with RDA's whole principle of not using abbreviations. And so that can be done kind of in global change. But right now with phase one with the program for cooperative cataloging, they are adding a note to ones that will need to be changed but are a little bit too tricky to change automatically. So if you encounter an authority record that has I believe it's a 667 note pointing out that this is something that's going to change. And then phase two is actually changing those and that's, I do think I've read that that will happen before March 31st. I have a question that says, doesn't that depend on your ILS? And I think that I didn't quite know was when it came in and I'm not totally sure what that's a reference to but if you wouldn't mind maybe re-asking your question and giving me a little bit more context, I can hopefully get that answered for you. Will adding new RDA records have an impact on current searchability? How will the new RDA records interact with the older records, older mark records? Will there be guidance on updating current records to RDA format? Generally, I think in terms of the descriptive records, I don't think there necessarily will be a lot of effort to update current records to RDA. We have mixed catalogs now, we have some pre-AACR two records and I think they'll just kind of have to live together. Authority headings probably will be the place where editing of old records will come into place if you want to go through and make sure that you're going to edit your heading so that they match up with the newer format. As far as impact on searchability, it will, again, probably depend on your ILS. One thing that definitely remains to be seen is how different ILS vendors will make use of that 336, 337, 338 fields. Are they going to display publicly to the user with the terminology that they currently use which are probably a little bit difficult for most people to understand or will they be used to create icons so people can see that, oh yes, this is a video recording, this is a disc, this is a book, this is an audio book, or will it be used for faceted searching? Some people think that those records, those fields will be most useful for, after the fact, you can limit a search and say, no, I just want DVDs and so it will be, so those are ways in which I think the searchability of our catalogs will be affected. These are all great questions. Okay, so the first step in implementation would be to decide when you are going to implement but be prepared to deal with records and copy cataloging before that. Talk to your ILS vendor, as I just said, really a lot of how this all plays out will depend on what your vendor is willing to do and I think sort of a lot of people feel we're kind of in a holding pattern. The vendors are waiting for the librarians to ask for things and the librarians are waiting for the vendors to tell them what they're going to do. One resource you can consult is on the RDA Toolkit website, they have done interviews with vendors that briefly describe what they plan to do about RDA so you can consult that and see if your vendor is there but then definitely get in touch and see what they plan to do in terms of displaying new fields, indexing new fields in the searching, just definitely be prepared, that's really the main thing, talk to your vendor and see what is going on and don't be afraid to demand to let them know what you're going to need. Think about authority control, if you outsource this, talk to your vendor about what they're going to do about updating your headings and if you don't outsource it, make the decisions about what you will do. I see another question coming in here. So just to clarify, after March 31st, all records released from Library of Congress will be RDA only. So if I download Mark Records now from Library of Congress after March 31st, they will be RDA records. Yes, that's correct, that's my understanding. Plan for training is another good aspect of implementation. It doesn't make people in your organization to be the trainers, figure out how you're going to do it, are you going to watch webinars online, how much hands-on training are you going to do, what would be the plan for evaluating the records and when, what's the timeline here? How far in advance of March do you want to go ahead and do this? When it comes to any of these things, resources are important. When I give presentations, I always really like to point out resources. So there are elects, the Association for Library of Collection and Technical Services, they have a number of webinars relating to RDA that they recently made available on a YouTube channel. So those are available for free. I mentioned before that Adam Schiff has done multiple, multiple presentations continually updating on changes from AACR2 to RDA and this may not be opening at the moment, but it's a very, very comprehensive resource. I would definitely recommend checking that out for a good hand look as to what is going to be different. The Library of Congress has its own RDA website with resources, their training resources are available there so that's definitely something to look at when you're planning your training. And another thing is to think about the libraries who were involved in the national test. Some of them have made their test materials available online. North Carolina State is one that I find pretty useful. Some of it's a little bit dated since it was from the test in 2010, 2011. So I was looking at them recently and discovered their records don't use the 264 field, for example. So keep that in mind, the timing of some of these, but I think that really the test participants are definitely a good source of information about what's going on with RDA. Are there any other questions? Hopefully that will give you a good overview of where we are and where we're going with RDA, but I'd definitely be willing to answer some more questions if there are any out there. Yes, I have a question coming in asking if this presentation will be archived and yes it will, all of the Encompass Live presentations are archived because you have attended, you will get an email from Krista with the link to the recording when it's ready. A question saying, can you tell us about some of the training that you have done in preparation for RDA? Meaning in terms of things I've done to prepare myself or things that I've offered to others in the library community, for example classes. Yes, I have personally myself taken an online class from the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. It was I think a six week class and it was really good for getting hands-on training, actually creating the records and a little bit of thinking outside the box. Instead of just creating mark records, we really kind of went through and identified the individual elements from RDA. So I think it did a good job of getting ready for a post-mark world. One of the things that's been very useful here in Nebraska, we've had an RDA practice group where we meet once a month and get together and create records on a certain type of item in RDA. Other than that, I've watched some of the elect webinars. They're very good. So yeah, keep your eyes open. They're training out there. And so yes, there are a lot of sources out there. Yes, there will be a possibility to copy the slides. I have seen a couple of people coming through asking for a copy of the slides. Yes, when you get that email for the archive session, it will have the recording and our slides will be up on SlideShare, what's that called SlideShare where we put all the slides. What other classes will you be offering online like this one? Well, none planned at the moment, but we do here at the commission offer cataloging training online. And so as RDA gets going, there will potentially be more online sessions in terms of if you're not speaking about cataloging, particularly in Compass Live is offered online once a week. And so the topics vary very widely. So you can cover a number of different topics in our Compass Live series. I have a question, will we still use 260 and 300 tags? 260, not so much. I do think 260 is going to be basically replaced by the 264. 300 tags, yes, will still definitely be used as long as we're using Mark. Okay, I got a comment. Thanks for explaining link data. That was a really, really brief rundown, but I hope that it made sense and gave you a little bit of context. Any other questions? All right, well, thank you very much for attending. Hope to see you at an Compass Live in the future. Bye-bye.


Discover the exquisite beauty of Islam with our exclusive poster collection showcasing the 99 names of Allah. Each poster meticulously presents the Arabic name, pronunciation and English translation, embodying the essence of our Creator. Elevate your surroundings with these high quality designs that not only serve as art but also offer a glimpse into the profound beauty of Islamic culture. Immerse yourself in the collection and unveil the magnificence of the 99 names. Links in the description box. Alright guys, welcome back to the channel. If you're new Manus Bobby guys, we're already deep into Ramadan almost two weeks by now. So therefore what better timing than now to check out what to eat in Ramadan. Ramadan diet tips by Mufti Menk. Many of you guys started following my channel once I reverted to Islam or shortly prior to it. But they don't know the beginnings of my channel where I talked about nutrition extensively. I talked about veganism, the carnivore diet, raw meat eating and what not. So there's a long, long list of nutrition tips on my channel. However, this is the first time that I examine what a Mufti has to say about diet tips specifically for Ramadan. Guys, before we jump into the video as always, if you enjoy my content, leave me a thumbs up, subscribe to the channel if you haven't already and check out the links in the description box to further support my work. And now with no further ado, let's have a look. Allah asked you to abstain from food morning to evening. And trust me, when you break your fast in the evening, that's not a sign of doing Qadha for the lunch that you must know. You have a simple meal. Those who succeed to fast in the most correct way in Ramadan are those who cut down their food in the month of Ramadan. Absolutely. Cut down your food. Eat less. For Suhur, you will be able to have a beautiful day without feeling much. Yeah, that's absolutely correct what he says. Their fasting should be about fasting after all and therefore you shouldn't make up the calories that you missed so to speak throughout the day at Iftar then. And just stuff yourself and eat as much as you can. So you get the same amount of food that you usually get. This is not what this is about. This is about getting closer to Allah and therefore reducing your food intake. And moreover, from a health perspective, it's of course not recommended to stuff in all of those calories in a short eating window. But if right in the morning, before you start the fast, you have had a heavy meal, what happens? The enzymes are digesting, the energy required to digest and everything is happening and acidity is building. By 10 o'clock in the morning, your belly is rumbling because it's calling for more food because you had a very heavy meal. That's accurate. So the sunnah is to have a light meal early morning. Suhur is only for purposes of baraka. So you have something that takes long to digest, perhaps grains, perhaps a bit of porridge or cereal, a little bit of milk, maybe some water, some dates. Perhaps dates are high in iron and fiber and so on and a little bit. And then you see how your day goes because your stomach will not rumble at 10 o'clock. So as I said, that's a contradiction. On the one hand he's right because he says you should eat a light meal. But then he says you should eat something that digests long. If it digests long, then obviously it's not a light meal. Something that digests quickly, that would be a light meal.  And as he said, yes, then after that you're getting hungry again at 10 a.m. Therefore, you want something that digests quickly. However, leaves the body nourished and well-hydrated. So what can that be? The ideal food here would be animal foods, zero carbs. I know this is absolutely contrary to popular belief. Many people like to eat dates.   But the best way to sustain your body throughout the day would not be carbohydrates, but would be fats and protein. Fat is a much more sustainable energy source than carbohydrates. It won't spite your blood sugar.  So therefore, this is the perfect mixture.  You won't feel your stomach at all. They will just get absorbed. But you're getting a lot of fat and all the bioavailable vitamins for the day. This is why you won't experience any hunger whatsoever.  However, if you insist to cook your eggs, then you should add some electrolyte beverage, a low sugar, zero sugar electrolyte beverage to the mix as well. This way of eating is called a ketogenic way of eating. It's the best way to prolong your fast because if you eat something and then you go to bed and you're sleeping five, six, seven, eight hours at some point, your blood sugar naturally will regulate and you will get into ketosis.   And this is how you start the vicious cycle. In the morning, they do that, they eat some carbs and then three hours later, they're starving yet again. However, when you wake up, as I said, your blood sugar is already stable and now you just extend that through eating fats and proteins.  You won't experience any hunger throughout the day. The energies are used to digest food. So when you have little of it, less energy is used. But we make a mistake. It's like we think, okay, I need to hold my breath. So let me take a deep breath. So we take a deep breath. Food is not the same. It doesn't mean I'm not going to be eating up to seven o'clock in the evening. So let me have as much as I can early morning. No, that's not how it works with food. It actually works the other way. When you eat less, you are less prone to becoming hungry, hungry, quick. Remember this. It's one of the secrets of fasting. When we say secrets, we don't mean hidden in a closet, but what we mean is something that you need to know that a lot of people are unaware of. And in the evening, if you want to eat tarawih correctly, make sure your iftar is light.    Ya Allah, forgive us. And a little while later, we are all the gases building up in the belly and so on and then this man is disturbing us with his burping and we are disturbing him like a competition and the masjid smells of food. Astaghfirullah. Be a respectable person. That is not how you should treat Ramadan. That is not the case. Have a light meal. Have something healthy. Some of us have fried food as soon as we open the fast. You know, we have savouries or fries and so on. Do you know that that is probably the most unhealthy thing you could ever have on an empty stomach? Very good. Very well. Yes, so this is very sound nutrition advice. Not many people talk about it or not many people know about it because it is so cultural to eat fried vegetable oils. But ultimately those oils, back in the day you can look it up yourself they have been used as motor oils, as lubricants for engines and then once they understood how to refine and remove certain disgusting odour from those oils and they saw that it is very cheap in production they started frying food with it.  They used to fry in butter, in ghee, in tello, in animal fats yet again.   Quite literally, as I said, those fats, those oils were used for motor engines, for machines, not for the human body. It is not food. Just because everybody does it doesn't mean it's right. Always remind yourself of what the Koran says. Rather, we will follow that which we found our fathers doing. Even though their fathers understood nothing, nor where they guided. Now of course, at first, you simply think about theology here. You simply think about the message of God. But this applies to every aspect in life. Just because your daddy does it doesn't mean it is right.  Always reflect upon what people do. Just because the majority does it doesn't mean it's right. The most unhealthy thing you could ever have on an empty stomach. The healthiest thing. Water, dates, a bit of yogurt, perhaps a bit of bread. Subhanallah. That is extremely healthy. Now I disagree. There's nothing extremely healthy about bread. Bread is not healthy at all. There's literally nothing in it that the human body needs. Dates are a fantastic source of minerals. That is true. And to break your fast with dates is quite nice. You have some glucose, some quick carbohydrates. You have some minerals, as I mentioned. That paired with a dairy product, yogurt, as he said. That is not too bad to break the fast. However, then to truly replenish you will need the animal foods and therefore steaks, eggs, fish, high protein, moderate fat, low to moderate carbohydrates. This is the way to go to replenish your body. In fact, it's part of the Suna of Muhammad SAW. The water and the dates and so on. A little bit of bread and some yogurt. Subhanallah, amazing. But with us, no. We must have all these fries.  I'm not too sure in this part of the world what exactly you have. But it looks nice. That is the most unhealthy thing ever, ever, ever that you could have had on an empty stomach. Not only empty stomach in general. Fried stuff is pure death. We need to learn some discipline. And this brings me to the entire purpose of the month of Ramadan.  In order that you discipline yourselves within the pleasure of Allah. Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. So fasting is all about discipline. Getting close to Allah. If I can read so much extra Salah in Ramadan, at least outside Ramadan, I can fulfill my five Farah. If I can abstain from all food in Ramadan, then at least out of Ramadan, I can abstain from Haram. The month of Ramadan is ahead of us. Do something about it now. Alright, this is it for today's video. I'm going to cut it off here. Absolutely correct. And I mentioned this in previous videos as well. Ramadan should be about discipline. And you already are disciplined. Remind yourself of that because you're fasting the whole day through. There's absolutely not normal man. Nobody else does it. No other religion is fasting the whole day without food and without water. The Catholics, some of them, eat one meal per day, but they're drinking all day through. And that is quite easy if you really think about it. The Orthodox Christians, on the other hand, they're eating a plant-based diet. They're eating vegetables, but they're eating the whole day. They're not really fasting. They're eating a somewhat vegan diet, if you will. There are many different fasting practices, but as Muslims, we already have the hardest fast imaginable. Not eating, not drinking. No normal, average human being does that. Ever. You have to understand how much discipline this takes. And you're doing it already.  Just discipline your hand and choose wisely what you will pick. Why take fried food? Because it's not even meant for humans in the first place and stuff it into your body. Now you have to choose something healthy. But when people hear healthy, they think about broccoli, they think about salads, all of that repulsive gunk. This is not healthy. Healthy are animal foods, and those taste great naturally. Great tasting foods minus the vegetable oils. Just discipline yourself once you break the fast. And you will reap so many health benefits. It's absolutely insane. Because the fasting itself is so healthy for the body, you're abstaining of all that junk.  Don't do that to yourself, don't do that to your body.  So Ramadan could be the start of something absolutely amazing for you. It could change your whole life, the rest of the year, just as you boosted your imam during Ramadan. You can boost your health habits as well, your dietary habits. You could transform your whole body.  Don't you want to be healthy for yourself, but for your family as well. So in a nutshell, try to cut carbohydrates as much as possible. Prioritize animal foods, not fried in vegetable oils, but rather grilled or steamed or raw. Eat animal foods that contain a certain amount of fat, such as egg yolks or fatty fish or beef and see how your body will transform. Thank me later. Alright guys, but this is it for today's video. If you liked it, leave a thumbs up, subscribe to the channel if you haven't already. Check out the links in the description box to further support my work. And as always, may God bless you all. Much love and peace. Thank you.


Guess what, this person has COVID? That's the hummer, I want to see H1, baby. It ain't gonna be here for too long. Okay. I'm a win and then I'm leaving. There you go. No, no, no, I told you I was coming here, I'm heading and leaving. I'm back today with another Dora Dad video. Huge shout out to you for tuning in. Smash the subscribe button if you want to subscribe. Give me a thumbs up. Don't skip the ads. Today is January 17th and a half feet, Martin Luther King Jr. birthday. He's a legend, like myself, if I do say so myself. But I hope you guys enjoyed the video. We already had one order, which was McDonald's 6.5 miles to 550. And we're the ones 6.5 miles, so we had to go that way anyway. We had to go get that gas, of course. We are here, baby. Jump out this first order. This is a very nice house. They have a nice seat up. Jumping like it's hot. Oh, hit him with that. Oh, I pressed the button on there. Hit him with that photo. Y'all already know though? Knock on the door though. Knock, knock, knock. Let's get it. Now we are at, guess where we are at? Walmart. We are here at Walmart. We're about to do our first grocery order. This is not an instant pickup like we normally do. This was actually pretty decent. 8.5 miles for 14.25. And my guy is about to bring this stuff here right now. So again, if you're not subscribed, make sure you subscribe. If you're not subscribed, give me a thumbs up. Don't skip the ads. Let's go get this bag. Let's go. This is my YouTube channel. I just want to show what y'all do. Oh, yeah, cool. What's your name? This is my guy right here. Every time we come, he be here in the morning. Nah, don't get used to that. Oh, you about to get a new job? You got this, you got to do. One, two, channel. Cars in Korea. Yeah, we do the door dance. We got to do house reviews and car reviews and stuff, too. Hey, man. Y'all stay warm. Keep grinding. Try it safe. No, it's this one. It'll be good. All right, you guys have a good one. This is one CVS3 Adams 2.9 miles for $10 we're hollow. Let's go. CVS, baby. So we've got to get three things of gauze. That's what you got to get. Well, you got three things of this. Gauze. You got to get three packs of these, 20 counts. Get busy. You didn't get to drop that Walmart off the order off. CVS, gauze. So this is three by four. So what is the bigger than this? Yeah, four is here. OK, one, two. I'll reach out to him and see if I can get something else. Thank you very much, sir. I appreciate it. Hello, Ryan. This is Jerome with DoorDash.  They only have two packages of the gauze. Would you like me? They have one that's a two by two. They have 20 pads in there. And then they have eight pads of three by four. Would you like either of those or? OK, I'll grab this one for you. You're welcome. I'll see you soon. How about it? What is this CVS, baby? We'll put it on this side. So we've got to reach for it right there. I'm going to put that card on. Wow. Come on, man. OK, let's go. We are here. I'll take a look at that two trip. Look at that. Y'all see that? I think that's a cutlass. Tell me what's your favorite old school car. I love cars. That's why it's called car and crisps. Car and crisps are a reason. I love old schools and car cars. I feel like it's hot. What's your favorite? I don't know if I have a favorite because I just love them so much. So all different kinds. And I'm going to have a lot of different ones in my fleet because I'm about to start a car collection. And tell me some cars that I love. Old school, new school, all schools. I've got to have the color. T-top, T-top cutdoll, or 442 T-top. You've got to have a G-body. It's like some cars that have to be in a collection. But kind of don't want to let me know what you like. You like the G-bodies.  That's just like a given. You got to have at least one of those. But I already love builds, too. I want to have, give me a drop-top scarlark. Got to give one of those, too. Drop it like it's hot. I'm hot. Got these right here. And with that ferozki. That ferozki. That ferozki. And with that, knock on the door. Let's go. Got us one McDonald's, four items, 2.4 miles, 675. Let's drive. This joint open because she's, look at this lawn. Right around the building. She has this joint open. Come on, man. Let me go ahead. Yeah, we in the game, coach. We in the game, baby. Let's go, boss. Hello. How you doing? I'm out of a door that should pick up last three or 449. 449? Yes, sir. All right. Thank you. Thank you. You have a good one. Let's go. We are here, baby, to jump up this Mickey D. They got this joint extra close. Huh? What's getting this joint? I have to wear these swimmers to this. And I only, I only weight 165. 150. Look at that. It says knock after drop. Put it back on over here. And with that photo, slammer. Knock on that door. Let's get it. I just want two orders. 9.1 miles for 6. 52. What do they do? Tropical smoothie and pot better. Let's go. We're here. Tropical smoothie, baby. See if they got together. Thank you, man. You're welcome. You have a good one. Well, at least we here, baby. Get busy. I don't think I've just done that already. They think I do. Let's see. Now I'll have a pick up for Karina H. Hello. Karina H, right? Yes, sir. All right. Thank you. You have a good one. Right there. We're here.  Pop belly, baby. Do not knock. So that's what you're going to do. Drop it right there. Wow. Put them in the bottom. Let's go. There you go. Thank you. Have a good one. We got one. It's just wings. Two items. Two points. Two points. Two points. Two points. Two points. Two points. Two points. Two points. Two items. Two points. Six miles for $575. And they added on the other one. Point five miles for $5. We're in holla. Let's go. Here, baby. That chili. Here's the Hyundai dealership. It says bring it to the cashier. That's exactly what we're going to do. Get busy, baby. Hello. I'll have a door dash for Amanda. Here you go. Thank you. Have a great one. Here, baby. It says do not read doorbell. The other one here. Get them with that photo. Bye-bye. Let's get it. I done swung Chick-fil-A. Two items. 3.9 miles for $675. Let's drive. I had to stop. Look at this. Hummer. That's the Hummer. That's H1, baby. That joint. Nasty. Let's go. You too. I know. You have a good one, sir. I done swung Teriyaki. Man. There's two items. 6.8. Miles for $10. We are holla. Hope they got us great. Let's get this money. Hello. Yes, sir. For Deton is right here. Appreciate it. But we have a good one. Let's go. Baby. How you doing? There you go. You have a good one. Let's go. It's just wings. Two items. 4.9 miles for $775. Let's drive. They got us together. I think they do. I think that's probably us right there. Jennifer M. Hey. Nothing at us. All right. Thank you. You have a good one. Let's go. I hear the job. It's just wings. I'm a balloon. Let me know what's your favorite wing. What's your favorite type of wings? Hang with that photo. Let's go. 4.24. We're about to start dancing again. Before we left, we had 91.9 miles for $775. Let's go. Let's go. It's 4.24. We're about to start dancing again. Before we left, we had 91.9 miles for $775. Let's go. Let's go. It's 4.24. We're about to start dancing again. Before we left, we had 91.9 miles for $775. Let's see if we can get to 100. Do you guys think we're going to get to 200? I don't know. It's been going pretty decent. We didn't hit the goal by two though. So I don't know. We're going to need to get like $108. And we're hollering so we can see if we can get it. But again, if you're going to subscribe, make sure you subscribe button. Give me a thumbs up. Don't skip the app. Let's go. Let's go. This is my first ever liquor store run. $7.25 for 4.7 miles. Let's go. We're about to start dancing again. We're about to start dancing again. Before we left, we had $91.20. Let's see if we can get to 100. Let's go get this bag. Let's go. This is my first ever liquor store run. $7.25 for 4.7 miles. Let's go. I've done this before. So I don't know what to do. I think I got the time for the cashier. Let's see what's tied up. Hello. I have a pickup for a Michael seat. Thank you. You have it. Just like that. We are here. See the sand waiting. I got a cover. The sand waiting the car again. Y'all see that? I don't know what that's all about. But let me knock a print in this door there. I don't know why they have something like that. What about? See I got a verifier as an ID. So I don't know how that works. But I don't know why they would say waiting the car. I think it's kind of sketchy. Hello. How you doing Michael? Good. I'm going to grab my ID from the truck. I left it in the truck. It's a nice truck. This the one with the big screen? It's the 2019. So it's not as nice. It's still nice. It's not the 2021s or anything like that. You know what I mean? It's still nice. Either way. Yeah. Here you go sir. Thank you. And there you go. Thank you very much. You have a great night. You have a good one. You too. Got us one. The ice cream shop in home. We're eight items 7.7 miles for $14. We are hollow. It's almost 10 minutes. I heard it's hollow. Okay. Thank you. Got us one. One point nine miles for $753. Let's get it. We are here at Dunkin Donuts. Wrong door. Good boy. Good boy. Hello. I have a pickup. Pick up for Tatiana. You over eat. Thank you very much. You have a good one. You too. Let's go. We are here baby. We got to drop these Dunkin Donuts. The coffee's off too. It's very lobster. She said to leave it at the bar. Excuse me. I'm going to have a delivery for Tatiana. It says to leave it at the bar, but I don't know exactly where to leave it at. You can hold the bottle. It's kind of heavy. Thank you. Thank you. You have a good one. We are here. This is the ice cream shop. I guess it's the gas station. I don't know. Hello. I'm here to pick up an order for Josh J. Yes. Yes. So I have two orders. You might have to call the customer. If they can pick up something else. I don't have the... Okay. I can't hear that well. Okay. So out of three, I have two of them. I don't have telente sardid caramel. I have these flavors. I got mint. I got confetti. Okay. So you don't have the sardid caramel? I don't have sardid caramel, but not telente sardid. Okay. Okay. I have her car ready, guys. I see a deal on my doorstep. It's up there. Wow. Nice one. The photo. Instead of $14, we got $17 for that order. Let's go. Got one potbelly. Four items, 8.3 miles, 12.75. Let's go. Just like that. We're here, baby. Potbelly. Am I up on the floor? I don't want to step on the... That's so rude. But I got to do what I got to do. Step on the dry spot. Hello. I have a pickup for Christina S. All right. Thank you. You have a good one. Oh, one top is top. Let's go. Got another one. 8.5 miles for $12.44. So, guess what? The one we just picked up first is going the same way as the other one. So we're going to drop hers off first. Then we're going to drop mine off. We're going to get this green. We got another one. I'm coming back before we go drop one. Look at y'all. Two a person. One stone, baby. Get busy. Thank y'all. I have a pickup for Ashley H. Y'all got me ready? Let's go. Come on. You have a good one. Ashley, you're on the way. Let's go. Here, baby. Hello. Hi. You're freezing? Oh, I just had surgery. Oh, there you go. Thank you so much. Hope you get well soon. Let's go. Got us one twisted burger. One mile. $5. We're hollow. Let's go. Twisted burger. I've never been in here before. There's nothing about it. See if they got us together. Hello. I'm going to have a pickup for Mason T. Oh, that's what I mean. Listen to me. You already have a coat with that. A coat? Yeah. Okay. All right. Thank you. You're doing great. I can't complain. You a fireman? Yeah. How long you been doing it? About two years. Really? You like it? Yes. There you go. Thank you. Thank you. You're welcome. Thank you. Enjoy it. Stay safe. Thank you. Have a good one. Got one McDonald's 1.7 miles for $6.52. What a deal. It's time to get busy. Hello. I'm here. Hello. I'm going to give you a ride, my guy. I'll pick up $2.9 C. All right. Thank you. You have a good one. Let's go. I don't have someone new. There's a company. Two items. Five miles. 825. Let's drive. Hello. I have a drop off for Bliss S. Okay. Yeah. She looks up to you on the phone. I'll let her know. Okay. Thank you very much, Shawn. You have a good one. Let's go. Nudu's in company, baby. I don't think I ordered ready. I see one right up there. Oh, that's it. We get busy. We'll get this money. That is it. Let's go. Let's go. We're here. See how busy the doors are. See what we're going to do. Put it off to the side. So the door won't hit it. Hit it with that auto. Now you already know how. No auto. Let's get her. Just one. Questquallas. Piece it in wings. Four items. 3.4 miles. 675. Let's drive. I see Chuck E. Cheese, baby. He's back open. Y'all go see what he's doing. He's back open. He's got the kids running around. You're getting to the end. Hello. I have a pick up for Brianna R. Brianna R? All right. Thank you. Hit it in. They want to add AHA Sushi Tours. All right. Thank you. Got another one added on AHA Sushi 5. Items 6.4 miles for 10.50. Get with me. Let's go. Chuck E. Cheese said 5 more minutes. So we're going to take this order right here. 10th EO Tools. 2 items. 0.9 miles for 5.75. We're going to pick this up. 10th EO Tools. Drop it off. Come back. Get the pizza. Then we're going to go to AHA Sushi. Pick that up and deliver that. That's going to get busy, baby. The EO Tools. We're in this zone, baby. Okay, you guys. Hello. I have a pick up for Spencer H. Spencer. Yes, ma'am. All right. Thank you. Spencer's not done. Wait for a minute. Okay. Thank you. Okay. Thank you. There's rice here. Spencer, ma'am. Yes, ma'am. Thank you very much. You have a great night. Let's go. Hello. I have a delivery for Spencer H. He's telling me to leave it. I don't know how I'm supposed to leave it, but... That's all good. He's doing it right there. Appreciate it. All right. I had to take a picture of it really fast. All right. Thank you. You have a good one. Let's go. Hopefully it got together. It should be done now. I don't know if I'll follow up. There you go. Excuse me. I have a pick up for Brianna. Brianna? Yes, ma'am. Thank you. You have a good one. Can I get one? Let's go. Hello. I have a pick up for Jelissa. For Jelissa? Yes, ma'am. Yes, ma'am. Thank you. You have a great evening. Yeah, thank you, too. Here, baby. Guess what? This person has clothes in. It takes us in total. We have to go through the door. Okay, it's up. Last one on the right. We have to go up the... Oh, it suits you. Jelissa? Yeah. Oh, here you go. Thank you. Here you go. Thank you. You have a good one. I'm about to win big. I'm about to win million. So, what was... I want you to pick the machine. Anyone you want. I want you to pick it. I don't know nothing about playing. I just know I got this free thing and I'm going to use it. Alright.  I'm going to win and then I'm leaving. There you go. That's the right attitude. That's everybody playing until they get it. That's the way it goes, honey.  No, I'm fine. Okay. Okay, so what do I do? Oh, well, you pick a game. So, you can go through each and every one. I got the jackpot right there, huh? Yes, that's the jackpot on this one. That's what we want.   I'm going with the highest. Go with the highest? And then you just go ahead and hit the machine. We'll let you know. When I'm winning, it's big. When I'm winning, it's big. You're going to win. What's big? Okay, we're big. Yeah, there you go. So, but now what you can do, no, and then you can just change your, you've got to do that. We're just going ahead and get it done. I won. Nothing. You got into the bonus round. Oh, so? You got three spins. All got three spins? Three, you know. Okay, so. So, every time you get one of these, it'll take you back into, you know, like more spins. So, go ahead and hit the button. Hit the button? Yeah. What's going on? We're in big. Excellent. There you go. You got another spin? Wait a minute. Keep me in here. Yeah. You got to keep me in here all day. That was nice. Good for you. So, you're at $43. Oh, I'm at $43? Yeah. I got two more. Two more? Good for you. Awesome. I'm about to win a million. Yeah. I wish that was possible. Awesome. You still got four out of seven. I'm winning. I'm at $60. $60.99. I got to do it again? Yes. Yeah. This is my good luck charm. This is the last one? Last one. Last one's a charm. Oh, good. You got another spin. I'm at $81. Good for you. Oh, I just won that? That's it? Yep. You don't have to cash me out. You don't have to cash me out. Y'all see I just won $81. $81? Yeah. Okay, so now what I got to do? So, you can continue to play? Or you can take your money out? No. No, no. I told you I was coming in here. I'm heading and leaving. You ain't getting it back. I ain't coming back again until my key pod. You can do the next one. My next key pod. Good for you. Here. I'm at $81 richer for free. I need some fruit. See, this is how people get these gambling habits. Absolutely. They come and they didn't win. And then they just want to keep on going. That's the problem. My money. My money. My $81. Exactly. I'm balling. That was a nice one. I'm balling. In a matter of three minutes, we just balled out of control. Let's go. And just like that, it is the end of the video. Guess what? We made 2, 11, 65. Stay alive. I hope you guys enjoyed the video. Subscribe to me. Subscribe to me. Give me a thumbs up. And don't skip the ads. Guess what? Y'all saw me win that $81.10, baby. I'm not even a gambler. I just got the thing. My business partner, Dad, gave me this thing.  I went in there one last week. However, in the weeks ago it was. Lost it. And I went in there today. $81.10.  You already know. But I hope you guys enjoyed the video. I'll see you guys tomorrow. We're back at it again, baby. So make sure you tune in. Smash the subscribe button. Give me a thumbs up. Don't skip the ads. Tomorrow we're going to get this bag. We're going. We're growing. We're flowing. You already know in the DDK and I'm on my way.


Everybody's watching you. Do you not care? Do you miss it?  I'm cereal mate. You're vibing today What's up? Oh, it's just um, well deal with certain things. Are you doing okay? I'm okay. Are you okay? I'm okay to show me your best dance move come. I've never danced very good My I love that man. That's awesome Sev We're in the red mark the red You're doing your thing everybody's watching you. Are they do you not care? I'm trying to get a bit of confidence in my life, which I've never had to talk to the people I'm just trying to get some confidence being around people live your best life All right, do you have anything to say to the kids here's to the next generation?


But thank you for having me. I'm really happy to be here. I am Jessica Outlaw, and I will be talking to you about embodied cognition and these new design interactions that are going to be coming as virtual and augmented reality, embeds itself in our society even further. How many of you came to my workshop yesterday, like show of hands? All right, so for those of you who weren't in my workshop yesterday, this is a little bit about me. I have experienced developing and designing virtual reality apps. I'm trained as a behavioral scientist, and I feel like my goal is bringing all of these social science insights to the development of spatial computing. So I've been involved in studying online worlds. So maybe some people are familiar with Second Life. There's these new worlds where you can go into social virtual reality, and you're fully embodied. You have full body tracking. And it's very different from Second Life, because Second Life was only text-based. And what's happening is that people are being harassed. And it's a very complex problem, because in a way, people are safe because they're safe because they're in these virtual bodies. But at the same time, they're also being harassed in their homes. And so it's a very complex issue that a lot of companies are looking at. So I've been working in virtual and augmented reality for about three years. And the purpose of my talk today is to talk about the future of interaction design. So as part of this, I would like to do a little bit of an exercise. So I want everyone to practice this with me now. I want you to raise your left hand when you see this symbol. Left hand? OK. Everybody do it. All right. And then I want you to raise your right hand when you see this symbol. All right. You ready? OK. Put your hands down. All right. And go. Go. Go. Go. OK. How was that? OK. All right. Let's do another one. Let's switch it up. So I want you to raise your right hand when you see this symbol. And then I want you to raise your left hand when you see this symbol. All right. And go. Go. Go. Go. All right. How was that? What was the difference? It was natural. It was the exact same symbol. It was the I was giving you very similar instructions. It's just that you came to this talk today with an existing action perception coupling that I just rupted. And the thing is is that as experienced designers and interaction designers, we now have a very unique opportunity to leverage people's own bodies and their existing associations in interaction design because the technologies that exist today allow for full body tracking. And I'm going to talk about the consequences of that. And also, I just want to say I'm agnostic as to whether or not you should use the associations or whether or not you should disrupt the associations. I think that every case is different. And I think it's just more important to be aware of the design choices that you're making. So we're going to get into more about embodied cognition. But first, let's define embodiment. So this has to do with it has to be perceptible by the body. It's something that the mind understands through bodily experience. So there we have embodiment. And then cognition, very simply, things related to thought. And I think that everybody probably walked to the conference center today in the sun. Like, how did you know that you were in the sun? Did your skin pick up signals and send information to your somatosensory cortex in your brain? And that's how you knew? So there are other information that you had? So the thing that I'm trying to convey here is that there's this interplay between our brains and our bodies that we may not be consciously aware of on a moment-to-moment basis. But it's something that the future of experience design is going to be leveraging very, very heavily. Because I would like to convince you today that the human body is an interface. And the potential of virtual and augmented reality is that we will be able to increase the capacities of our own bodies and our senses and what we're capable of, which I'm really excited about. And then as a result of being embodied in these avatars and having these experiences, it's already shown to impact attention, memory, problem solving, decision making, in some really profound ways. I'm going to talk about an example later where people are going to be making decisions about what's fair and what's not fair based on random assignment into being when to what type of avatar they're placed in. I don't usually present graphs from 1997, but I did in this case because this is my fourth day at the conference. And usually I just hang out with fan boys and fan girls of virtual and augmented reality. And I have really encountered some skeptics of spatial computing while I've been here. And so I went to CNET. CNET still has graphs up from 1997. Is anybody working in graphic design in 1997? This is probably the oldest graph presented today. So who is really dominating the sphere in 1997 for ISPs? AOL, who were the other big players in 1997? CompuServe, Netscape. I would like to convince you that VR is much more at the level of AOL CompuServe in 1997 and that you may not be fully convinced of it. But in 1997, it was very driven by enterprise. And eventually consumer adoption came. So you may be skeptical right now, but I would like to persuade you that there's big things coming. So for example, here's an enterprise example where Walmart purchased 20,000 headsets for their employee training centers just in the United States last year. And there's already so many examples where people are using virtual reality to do simulation training. So this is at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Having mannequins for this type of pediatric resuscitation is extremely expensive. And you can't actually do pediatric resuscitation training on real children. So this is a case where it's a very high-stress situation. And VR is providing this way to allow people to get the muscle memory in place so that way they can learn these very important skills. So there's a lot of infrastructure in place already. And there's already a lot of research showing the potential of this technology. And I'd like to talk more about what that means for designers who are thinking about the human body as an interface. I'm going to give a couple examples of how people can do things in virtual reality that they could really not do in this physical reality that we're here in right now. And I'm going to talk about this concept called homuncular flexibility. This is a picture of me. If you don't recognize me in the pink. This was my first virtual reality photo shoot. And in this case, I was meeting one person on the, I was on the West Coast of the US. This person was on the East Coast. And then the person taking our photo was based in France. And the three of us were embodied in these avatars and goofing around and in very different time zones. But just to give you an example of the commonality of jumping into these avatars. And there's some really weird research that's going on on how being in certain types of avatars changes your behavior. So in this case, we look pretty normal. We've got one hand. I've got two hands. I've got no arms. But other than that, I look pretty normal. In this case, this is a research study where they gave humans a tail. And they wanted to see if they could train humans on how to move a tail. And the only thing that they did was they gave people visual input. And so they had people move their hips. So you can see she's moving her hips. And then this blue line represents the tail. And the task that she has to do is she has to use her entire body to stop the, it's like a video game. She has to stop the flow of green, I don't know, like the green lines from getting past her. And so she has to move her entire body. And her arms and her legs are incapable of stopping the green lines that are on the farthest perimeter. And what they're able to show is that she got proficient enough with moving the tail just by using her hips that they actually think that this is based on the vestibular structures of humans and chimps, like how we used to have tails. And that's what I meant by homuncular flexibility. But it actually gets weirder because this study was done in 2013 and then some people at Stanford decided that they wanted to give people a third arm and see if people could learn how to control a third arm. And they were able to do that. And then they said, why are we even looking at humanoids? And then they tried to make people feel like bats and people very quickly adapted to feeling like bats. And then they decided to look at lobsters. And again, people were very, very adaptable and began to act and move like crustaceans. And so there's this phenomenon that's happening that we are conforming to the bodies that we are in. And so what's gonna happen when we're getting all of this information? I mean, there's one more point that I wanna make about this slide. One of the main reasons this is happening is that the person is seeing information. Like they're being tracked by their body, by these sensors. And then as they're being tracked, they're getting information back to them and it's being, like the information about how they're moving is being rendered to them and the information that the person in this study is getting is like, you have a tail. You are successfully navigating this tail. You're moving this tail. And that makes the person feel that they have the tail. And so the reason this technology is special is because there's massive amounts of data streams that you can use and then you can take all of that data and then you could represent things to people. And that's why this study is so important. And that's just with one type of data. What they did was they used positional tracking. And the thing is is that this is existing data streams that are available right now for anybody who's really interested in collecting it. So you could have full body tracking for motion and gesture. You don't have to have controllers. You know, you can have, there's like a lot of precision involved that the sensors can pick up. There are heat maps that show what you're paying attention to. So I can see what you're looking at over here. How long are you looking at it for? Are you paying attention to me while I'm talking to you? Are you zoning out? There's ways to track the size of your pupils. And that's another way to detect if you're paying attention or if you're zoning out. And then your boss can get that information if you're comfortable with that. But yeah, the sky is really the limit on what you can use these data streams for. Spatial mapping and awareness, let's see. And then you can also add this into heart rate monitors. So there's other health implications to this as well. So the takeaway that I want people to have from this is that when you're able to control the type of embodiment that you have, you can really radically control like how people are, who people are identifying with. You can also get them to increase the earned capacities. So we could all be controlling tails. And the other thing is that this is for people who are able-bodied. This is also opening up huge potentials for people who don't have the same capabilities and who might be managing different disabilities. So this is another reason why I think the potential of this field is thrilling. All right, so we talked about how avatars can shape our behavior. Let's talk about another way that this is frequently happening. So this is a study that was done in a social psychology lab. This is not a virtual reality study, but I think it's really, really, it's an important study that I think people should be aware of. So what happened in this study was there were groups of students that came to this undergraduate lab and half of them were given, well actually all of them were given coats, the exact same coats. And some of the students, half of the students were told these belong to painters. And like just house painters like just run of the mill, nothing special, but can you put this on and perform these cognitive tasks for us? And then the other half of the students were told that these exact same coats belong to doctors. And as a result, they worked so much harder. So why would that be? They outperformed the same people who had been randomized into the painters group on attention tasks. And that was likely because there's a symbolism around physicians and how hard they have to work and how many years they have to go to school. And there was something about that symbolism of the physician's profession that really extracted more effort from people. And what this is called is it's an example of enclosed cognition. So we've been talking about some examples of how the body can impact the brain, but just like the symbolic, the symbolism of the clothes that we wear can also impact it. All right, so I'm gonna talk about another study. This comes out of the Virtual Human Interaction Lab at Stanford. If anybody's really interested in some of the VR research, I would really recommend you look up the Stanford Virtual Human Interaction Lab. They're doing some really, really interesting research. And what makes them unique is that they really try to study not just people's experience, but they try to measure people's behavior after virtual reality experiences. So this is a study. I apologize for not converting this to the metric system. So it's just like short, average, and tall. All right, so this is a case where there were, there were people who were embodied in short avatars. And then there was somebody who worked at the research lab who was always in the average height avatar. And then other people were randomized into the tall avatar. So this is how the study went. They had like a social conversation and then there was a negotiation task at the end. So people were either matched up. So people were either randomized into the short avatar or into the tall avatar. And then this is the negotiation task that they had. How many people are familiar with the ultimatum game? Any econ majors? One? Okay, we got a couple more. So this is how the ultimatum game works. So one person gets $100 to split and then they have to, you have to offer some split to subject B. And subject B can accept or reject. And if she rejects, nobody gets any money. So that's why it's the ultimatum game. Like it's one shot and it's over. So what do you think happened? When people who had been randomly assigned into tall and short avatars played the game with an average sized person. So the short people, the people in the short avatars, they were very fair. They were like, you know what, let's just do, let's just split this 50-50. Makes sense. But the people who were in the tall avatars did not behave that way.  Why don't you take 40? I'm gonna keep 60. And the research confederate always just accepted because they were more interested in finding out what people were going to offer them. So that's one example of how random assignment into an avatar can affect behavior. But then let's see what happens when the research confederate plays the ultimatum game back with them. So what do you think happens? Because in this case, in this case that I just presented, the people who were the research subjects offered money, but now they're going to be offered money and they have to decide whether or not to accept a fair offer or reject it. So in this case, in the final round of the ultimatum game, the research confederate made an unfair offer. I think it was like a 70-30 offer. And the people who had been randomized to be in the short avatars were like, okay, I'll take it. Like it's fine. However, the people who had been randomized to be in the tall avatars were extremely, were like much less willing to accept an unfair offer. So the delta is like 72% to 38%. I mean, that's a really significant difference given that these are people who were randomly assigned into a tall avatar or a short avatar. So why is this happening? It's likely because they're acting out a belief that relatively taller people have confidence and power, which is kind of very like 20th century. Like why do we still have those beliefs about ourselves? But there it is. That's what the data showed out. So there's more theorizing that could be done around exactly why this is happening and exactly why being embodied in this avatar is affecting your behavior. So one is that you could, so behavioral confirmation, that would have to do with I'm perceiving that this confederate's expectations of me are that if I'm in a short avatar, I need to conform to whatever offers they make me, no matter how unfair they are. Or it could be self-perception and it could be this whole idea that well, the way that I'm seeing myself right now is I'm in a low power position, so I should just accept whatever offer is made to me. Or it could be de-individuation. And so that could just be people are not necessarily feeling like an individual and they have lower self-awareness in what's going on in this task. So there's these various explanations, but I think what's really, really important for people to understand is that these design choices about just the height of an avatar can have really important effects later on. And it really poses the question of like, when do you want to leverage the existing associations that people have? So in this case, they leverage the association that height equals power. And at the beginning of the exercise today, we did left and right. So there's these associations that we have. So when do you want to actually use them? And then when do you actually want to challenge them? So the human body is an interface. I hope I've convinced you today that these technologies around virtual and augmented reality, they do have the capacity to increase our own ability to connect with ourselves, to connect with others, to change the way that we make sense of the world. And there's already a ton of research that's showing how just small changes in the environment or in how we are embodied can affect our attention, our memory, our problem-solving, and our decision-making. So I brought in the last part, I just want to go over a couple quick examples of types of design choices that people could be making. That could affect the overall experience of your users. So even how somebody is going to hold an object is going to make a really big difference. So I tried really hard to find somebody holding a pencil and a hammer at the same time. This was the closest that I could get. But think about the types of muscles that you need for holding a pencil, versus holding a hammer.  And it's going to be really good for precision tasks. It's going to be really good for detailed work. And then when you're holding a hammer, you're activating way more of your entire body. And you're in this like extremely powerful pose. And so you're going to be, I would not recommend creating like objects for people to hold if you're trying to get them to focus on the details or to think about having them do precision work. So I think even how people hold objects can affect the overall experience. This is one of my favorite examples from virtual reality, which is this whole idea of like, how will you get people to navigate? So this is an experience called the sky is gap. And the way this works is it's basically a game where you travel through an entire narrative of someone's life. And there's no controllers. The only way that you can move in the experience is to lean forward when you want to go forward in the person's life. And you want to lean backwards to go back to when the person as a child. And so it's activating these associations that we already have, that the future is in front of us and the past is behind us.  Like that's a pretty natural experience that we have. And so this is a case where people are using the existing associations in a really successful way. How will people learn? So baseball outfielders are like one of the prime examples of embodied cognition because what they're trying to do is they're trying to move to catch the ball. They have to like navigate everything on the field. And it's something that you could never learn to do by sitting at a computer. It's something where everything in your body is focused on a single task. And it's so focused on solving this particular problem. How do I get my glove right underneath that ball? And so that's a very specific type of problem, which is how do I catch this ball in the outfield? But what if you have a problem that is not related to sports? Does anybody know what this is? You can shout it out. Yeah, yeah, it's a map. It's a map of this area of London where there was a huge cholera outbreak in 1854. And there was no germ theory at the time. And so people had no idea that cholera was spread by water until this one physician named John Snow. He, until he actually created a visual representation to show that there was this concentration of deaths around this one water fountain in this area of London. And it actually was a huge contribution and it ended up, excuse me, it ended up saving a lot of lives because what the city did is they shut off the water pump. And if they hadn't had this map as evidence, they would have kept the water pump on. And so the reason that I'm bringing this up is because I think like the point of this is that it represented a new way to look at data that no one had ever thought of doing before. And what's gonna happen when we have these new ways of having embodied learning experiences? And my theory is that with these new capabilities and these new experiences of being able to, to see data in interesting ways and novel ways, it's going to bring new insights for problem solving that we haven't had previously. So this is just a recap of my talk. I really hope that I persuaded you that embodied cognition is the future and that you have some very powerful tools at your disposal for affecting user behavior in this way. Thank you very much.


Hot Springs County, well named because of its large mineral hot springs. Thermopolis, the county seat, is named from the combination of two Greek words, meaning hot and city. You can see this 135 degree water flowing over the terrace at 8,000 gallons of water per day. Hot Springs County has been a favorite destination for travelers and was sacred to the Shoshone people because of the water's therapeutic properties. Hot Springs State Park was opened in 1897 when one square mile of land was given to the state and water was piped into bathhouses. Hot Springs County was created in February of 1911 from land that was originally in Bighorn, Fremont and Park counties. It is the smallest county in Wyoming and the second least populous county with under 5,000 people. Another unique area is Wedding of the Waters where the river changes names midstream. Very few rivers do this. You probably don't need much convincing to stop and enjoy all that Hot Springs County has to offer. Whether it's a beautiful drive through Wind River Canyon or soak in hot springs, your time will be well spent. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Mae Smith, Exploring the Nature of Wyoming.


We have the Dow industrials flat Nasdaq also flat S&P down one gold contract down $2.50 trading at 1410 an ounce We have silver silver's got caught a bid folks. You get the silver up by a 20 cents. We're trading at 1554 light sweet crude $59.88 a barrel notes and bonds there you get the tenure note down 11 6 trading 126 26 30 year off 22 at 153 12 we get over we take a look at that Ten year first what do you have with this ten year? We're backing down. We're back down so far at 685,000 contracts now That's saying it's going to do about 1.4 1.5 million contracts It looks to me that number one you can't take out the lows of last week the lows of last week was 126 24 and we got right to 126 24 this morning you rejected that level the first Downdraft inside that bond market this morning Came out and that baby came out right at 820 820 you get the drought drift down as you came down to the very low You had a contraction of volume it looks to me that we are still gonna have higher prices lower yield inside That bond market King dollar King dollar the battle still continues on King dollar with 375 ticks trading 96 920 you're up there. You don't have volume up there, but bottom line price is holding euro Yours at 112 you get the yen trading at 108 21 and the pound is out here at 124 take a look at the S&P the S&P folks bottom line stills in ABC structure on the way up You had the banks the big banks coming out with numbers out this morning JP Morgan right now. Well as well as Wells Fargo I Slightly lower bottom line what I expect you're gonna see there is you're gonna reject lower price once again I don't see the banks going a lot higher But the bottom line is that their numbers were a little light on margin London margin London in particular that has to do with The the aspect of a lower rates lower rates banks make slightly less money. They still make a fortune That's the bottom line we can expect out here today. I expect we're gonna be a flat market Slightly high the AB the S&P still wants to finish this ABC structure on the way up The number for the ABC structure in the way up is 3055 right now or 3016 on the E-minis the S&P futures stay right there folks come right back


ALTER and ALTER from espressoenglish.net ALTER, spelled with an A, is a noun. It's an elevated place, like a type of table where religious ceremonies are performed or where offerings are left for the gods or spirits. You'll often find ALTERs in churches, temples, and other religious buildings. ALTER, spelled with an E, is a verb. It's a more formal word for change. For example, art has the potential to alter our perception of the world. You can republish the article in its original form. It may not be altered. The noun form is alteration. For example, I made a few alterations to the project proposal. That means a few changes. May I suggest one alteration to the schedule for the conference? That means one change. Again, ALTER and ALTERation are a little more formal. And in casual, everyday English, we'd probably say change or changes instead. Although the spelling is different, the pronunciation of ALTER and ALTER is the same. This was a free sample from the new e-book, 600-plus Confusing English Words Explained, available at espressoenglish.net. It has more than 200 pages and over 5 hours of audio to help you master these confusing words.