We're in the Orcam booth, and I'm talking to Dr. Brian Wolinski, and he's got on a pair of glasses with a very small rectangular thing Magnetically attached to it, and he's going to tell us what it is. So what Orcam is it's an assistive device for people who are blind or Visually impaired it's comprised of a 13 megapixel camera that takes a photograph and then speaks back to the person wearing it Text Facial recognition product recognition basically taking the image and putting it into text and describing it to the person Okay, so is it doing that real-time or it takes a second? I would imagine it I mean takes less than a second, but it is doing it in real-time someone basically just takes a picture of some text and The Orcam device takes the photo and then it automatically uploads and starts reading the text back to the person Okay, so I could hold a menu up in front of me and it would start to read to me for example correct and what's great Even about it is that the Orcam 2.0 version now has two little LED lights So if you enter a dimly lit restaurant the camera the light is going to automatically come on and be able to read that menu In that dark restaurant. Yeah, I'm almost 60. I could use that every day of the week right now myself included So You've also done some stuff with facial recognition Sure, so the device also does facial recognition will recognize Unknown or known individuals that you have in the system So if it's an unknown person It's going to say a man or a woman is in front of you if it is a known person that you put in the system where it could Recognize up to a hundred people it will automatically say that person's name that you have in the system Okay, again something we could all use on every day of the week right you sure we can't just get these for ourselves now Sure, we can I actually use it for reading and one thing that we are looking into is children with learning disabilities Using the device to help with reading. Oh, that's a really really interesting idea. So this is a product that's available today It's currently available. It is out of Israel But it is in many different countries and right here in the US and how much does it cost? It's 4500 for the Orcam my I 2.0 version and there is another version. That's called Orcam my I Which is 3500 okay, and what's the difference between the two the two is the difference in the design the Original version had a wire and a battery pack and that was one of the issues people just didn't want this heavy battery carrying around So the new 2.0 version is wireless Okay, and is it so is it just it's just talking to your ear because it's sitting I've got a pair I've got it on right now. We got a pair of glasses in sort of what it looks like So it's basically a small device. That's a size at the size of your finger Stick a gum at the most sure and weighs very very light and it Has on the back surface just two little magnets that's able to connect to your glasses So any glasses and you've just got a little tiny piece that it took to right? Correct a little little piece that goes on to your glasses a little little It's really unobtrusive zip tie with a little magnet on it As long as you can get that on your side of your glasses the device couldn't just simply hook right onto it Okay, very cool, and then it's got it looks like it's got micro USB for charging correct It's got a micro USB for charging and it also connects up to Wi-Fi right now for updates So updates are automatically pushed forward. Oh, that's that's a great feature of course you need that Well, this is very cool if people want to find out more about or cam 2.0. Where would they go? They go to or cam calm all right. Thank you very much Brian. Thank you You


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. The United States is planning to designate the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps as a foreign terrorist organization. The IRGC is a group which is part of the Iranian military which was formed after the 1979 Revolution in order to protect the state from a possible coup by the regular military forces which served under the Shah. To talk more about this, we have with us Prashant. So Prashant, firstly, what do you think is the motive behind this move? What is the U.S. and Donald Trump trying to achieve by this? So like you said, the IRGC was formed immediately after the Revolution in Iran and it's about 125,000 strong. And it's not only a military force, it also runs its own commercial and business establishments also. So on the one hand, there is of course the obvious fact that it's an escalation of the moves against Iran. We saw the two-part withdrawal of the two-part sanctions last year after the U.S. withdrew from the nuclear deal. And this can be seen as one additional step in addition to all the saber-rattling that's been happening for some time. But more important is also to note the fact that by declaring, say, the part of the Iranian security establishment as a terrorist establishment, so to speak, what the U.S. gets or what Donald Trump's president gets is the opportunity to declare war on Iran directly without having to go to Congress. This is because immediately after the September 11 attacks in 2001, the U.S. Congress passed an act which allowed the president to basically declare war on any terrorist or what it called terrorist organization without having to go to Congress. So the president has those extraordinary powers. So in one sense, what this also means is that all these people who have been being for blood for the past couple of years, we have John Bolton, we have Mike Pence, we have Mike Pompeo, and all these people are very clearly pushing for war for a very long time. It's something even during the first Bush administration, something they're trying to push. And after Donald Trump came to power, all these people have again come back trying to push the same thing. So we also need to see the risk of this situation actually emerging because both Trump and all his establishment are very clear that Iran is for them a fundamental enemy. And so what this actually does legally is to give the context, to give a pretext for the president to declare war on Iran without having to go to Congress and basically not having to go through all the scrutiny. So that's one of the key contexts for this decision, actually. There were already some sort of sanctions and blacklisting on groups and entities associated with the IRGC. But with if these additional sanctions are placed on the entire group itself, what would be the practical implications of that for Iran and for the region as a whole? So it's interesting because some observers have pointed out that this might actually even hurt US strategic interests. Because among the establishments which have links with the IRGC are also forces in Lebanon, forces in Iraq, which the US interacts with. So in that sense, it's actually strategically speaking a very blind move, so to speak. So we can analyze this as only something that is guided by this overwhelming desire to use force against Iran. On the other hand, Iran has responded obviously by declaring the US Central Command as a terrorist organization and the US as a state sponsor of terrorism. So this actually raises the pitch because you never know what happens. Because now there's so many fields in which the US and the Iran both have presence. For instance, a place like Syria, which the US has not withdrawn, although it's claimed it wants to withdraw. So that's one very good example where Iranian assistance is also there. So how exactly does that work? So actually what this move by the US has done is to create a much more greater scope for conflict. And maybe that's what they're hoping for, some sort of provocation, which then can be used as a reason, as leverage to actually declare a full pledged war. And as you know, all this has been welcomed by all its neighboring regional allies as well. And we see this as part of a tendency of the past couple of years, involving all these countries, the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia. To see Iran as right now the primary enemy and the primary, say, what do you call it, the fulcrum of all opposition, so to speak. And some of the arguments are used are very laughable because they claim that Iran was involved in assisting al-Qaeda, which is completely nonsensical because al-Qaeda almost sees Iran as much as a threat as some of the other countries. And Iran has never supported al-Qaeda at all. They were completely different, what do you call it, in every sense of the term. So all this is basically just a pretext to sort of create a war-like situation and to raise temperatures to a point where maybe Iran snaps. And then the US can go all out and declare a war. And as you mentioned, there have been efforts to sort of raise the speech before, but it hasn't happened. So do you think the ongoing Israeli elections have anything to do with this? Right. In fact, Iran has responded saying that this was a gift to Netanyahu a day before the elections. And we also need to see the fact that there have been a number of such decisions because there was one, the shifting of the US embassy. Couple of weeks ago, there was a decision, the Jolan Heights. And now we have yet another decision like this, which again, perfectly works into Netanyahu's campaign. And Netanyahu has been one of the leaders of this whole campaign to brand Iran as a terrorist country. In fact, if you remember, he gave this presentation, which turned out to be an old one in which he declared that Iran was indulging in nuclear exercises again. So in that sense, it's actually a very calculated move also ahead of the elections to give Netanyahu some more of a boost. Because right now it's very important for the US and this specific Trump administration that Netanyahu returned to power so that their plans in that region with respect to Syria, with respect to Palestine, with respect to even Saudi Arabia for that matter. All of these actually be, all of these work out in the way they would like. So thank you for Shalt for joining us today and thank you for watching this clip.


As you on the front lines of criminal justice know, the federal offender population is increasing, serving longer sentences, and requiring more intensive supervision. These changes have created new challenges in probation and pre-trial services offices across the country. To help you meet these challenges, the Federal Judicial Center has developed the Special Needs Offender Series. The series consists of educational products, online conferences, and satellite broadcasts. Each program in the series takes an in-depth look at a unique population. A special needs offender bulletin outlining the population's general characteristics initiates each program. This is followed by a center-sponsored online conference that fills on the information in the bulletin. Officers share effective case management practices and useful resources. Most programs also include an interactive satellite broadcast that features panel discussions, DS speakers, and video segments to provide current information on the offender population. Now our first program in the Special Needs Offender Series, an overview of gangs in the federal system. Street gangs, prison gangs, non-traditional organized crime, what are they? How do they affect your work as probation and pre-trial services officers? What makes gang members different from other offenders and defendants? What strategies can you use to ensure that gang members successfully comply with the terms of their probation and pre-trial services release? What safety issues arise? Gangs is an important topic. But it's also a topic that lends itself to media hype and stereotyping. Most of us have seen movies and news reports of drive-by shootings and other gang-related violence around the country or even in our communities. How accurate are these stories? How do you get past the hype and beyond the stereotypes so you can objectively assess the risks defendants and offenders pose to the community and determine the appropriate conditions and supervision strategies required? Well these are some of the issues that we'll be examining over the next 90 minutes. I'm Mark Maggio of the Federal Judicial Center and I'll be your host. Welcome to each of you. You're among more than 3,000 participants at nearly 50 sites across the country who are receiving this program live via satellite broadcast. As you can see from your participant guide, the agenda on page number Dromeneral 5, today's broadcast is divided into 5 segments. We'll start with an overview of gangs in the United States from two nationally recognized experts. Then, we'll hear from 4 probation officers who will fill us in on how they handle gangs in their districts. We encourage you to ask questions and we've built in time for them throughout the program, so please phone or fax your questions to us using the toll-free numbers appearing on your screen. Gangs are not a new phenomenon in the United States. One of the first reports of disruptive youth gangs appeared in Philadelphia in 1791. In the 19th century, New York City experienced problems with youth campaigning for the Know Nothing Party and with Irish street gangs that started draft rides during the Civil War. Gangs emerged in U.S. cities in the course of successive waves of migration, beginning with a movement from farms to cities followed by waves of foreign immigration. Gangs emerged in communities that were not part of the mainstream. Members of these communities were often overwhelmed by poverty, unemployment and low levels of social services. They may or may not have had the opportunity for achieving economically as they perceived it. Protection and exploitation of the community were both hallmarks of gang activity. Gangs offered protection and economic opportunities to those who believed rightly or wrongly that the larger community would not respond on their behalf. Extortion, random violence and intimidation, however, were often the price. Many of these same issues arise in current discussions about gangs, including the reasons people give for joining them. A sense of identity and belonging, rules, power, respect, excitement. But things have also changed. There appear to be more gangs and gangs in more cities. Gangs with female members appear to be growing. The variety of gangs and gang structures has grown, making generalizations about them more difficult. In addition, it's sometimes hard to separate general societal trends from those affecting gangs. For example, street gang members may be more violent than in the past, but so too are those who aren't involved in gangs. The good news for you is that more resources exist today on gangs than ever before. In this broadcast, we'll explain common terms and concepts that apply to gangs, highlight the need for interagency cooperation, especially between the Bureau of Prisons and Probation and Pre-Trial Services. We'll discuss the impact of gangs in the federal probation and pretrial services, we'll identify safety issues that arise when dealing with gang members, and we'll let you know how to find and evaluate resources so you can create in-district expertise in gangs. And we'll also hear periodically from my colleague, Denise Rolando Morningstar, who conducted the Center's online conference on gangs. Officers from around the country exchanged lots of valuable information during this conference, and Denise will be sharing some of those highlights with us. Prisons plays in the management and supervision of gang members. To do this, we'll discuss strategic intelligence and what we mean by it, and the Bureau of Prisons Gang Management Strategy. After we speak with our first guest, we'll take questions, so be sure to phone or fax your questions to us at the numbers on the screen. We'll be getting to the first questions in about five to seven minutes. Our first guest is Craig Trout. Craig is the Bureau of Prisons liaison to the counter-terrorism section of the FBI. Prior to this, Craig served as the Chief of Intelligence for the Bureau of Prisons for ten years. Craig, welcome. Thank you. Good to be here. Glad to have you with us. Now, you heard me say in the beginning of the program that we're going to divide this segment into strategic intelligence and operational intelligence. Your role is to get us started and weave us through the discussion on strategic intelligence. So I'm going to ask you to do that by starting off with a definition of strategic intelligence. Well, I think strategic intelligence is basically the concept of establishing who's out there in the general population. What do they look like? How do you recognize them? Are there tattoos, hand signs, colors or whatever? There might be aides in recognizing who they are. And then in that process, establishing what their specific threat characteristics might be, then through this process, we establish what we call security threat groups for tracking purposes. Okay. Now, given that definition, we know that the Bureau of Prisons has a rather comprehensive gang management strategy. So would you take a few moments and talk about that approach? Well, it's a rather complex process, but I think the essential elements are that first we want to canvas the population, as I said, to see who's out there in population. But most important, we want to look at their behavior. We want to look at their disciplinary record, look at their activities in the institution. Then we want to come up with a ranking system where we can tell which groups pose the greatest threat. And then we can customize a gang interdiction strategy for those individual groups. So ranking is a very important piece of the strategy that we know who we should be watching and using our resources to watch them appropriately. Okay.  Why would this be important to them? Well, I think over the long term it's going to be very important to them because as we develop this body of information, it's very easy for them to call us directly or possibly call a Sacramento Intelligence Unit and ask very specific information about a gang that might be of concern to them that they're within their case load, their supervision, or getting ready for a pretrial services report. They may have specific questions about an individual that is in our custody or has been, say he's coming back out to the community and they're wanting additional information. So that's their safety, something to help them with supervision. So we can provide a great deal of information to pretrial services officers. Okay. Going back a few steps now, you've mentioned a couple terms and I want to talk about this briefly. You use the term security threat groups. Now we're using on this program the term gangs. What's the difference between the two of them? There's not really a difference as such. Gangs are like a subset of the concept of security threat groups. When we talk STGs or security threat groups within our agency, we're talking about all of those groups. We use the working definition. We call a security threat group, a group of inmates that are acting in concert to threaten the safety of other inmates, to threaten the safety of staff, the security of the institution, the welfare of the surrounding community. In some cases even national security. But the point being is we're tracking them under this umbrella term of which gangs, what we're talking about today is a subset of that term. It also includes things like domestic terrorists and traditional mafia and other groups too. But of course today we're talking about gangs. Let me mention to our audience at this point on page six of the participant guide. We've got a list of the current BOP disruptive threat groups. I think that's as effective as April of 97. That's right. Okay, so for the purposes of our discussion today for the broadcast, when we talk about gangs now we're going to be talking about groups such as the Latin Kings, the Texas Syndicate, the Bloods and the Crips, what have you. Under the larger umbrella title of security threat groups which you used, we've got that includes also like domestic terrorists, international terrorists and mafia, which we will not necessarily be focusing in on for the day. The other term you mentioned was an organization, the Sacramento Intelligence Unit. Again, tell us what it is and why it was formed. Well the Sacramento Intelligence Unit is really an important piece of our intelligence operation. What we've done is set up an intelligence consortium or clearing house kind of environment where we it's hosted by the Bureau of Prisons but it's also staffed by US Marshall Service from their Investigative Services Division and I think most relevant today we also have full time staff from US Probation and Parole. They're at SIU to help with any inquiries that might come in. Okay, so we have a tri-agency organization here. What can SIU provide to probation and pretrial services? Well the goal of the SIU is to provide a networking ability to provide information to any of the member agencies or other agencies that might call in. So if we have a call from say a pretrial services officer of probation and parole, we can provide them detailed information about the various inmates in BOP custody, say their pending release date, threat characteristics, officer safety issues, what they can expect in the community. We can help them with their plan in terms of how to supervise the individual. We'll provide a whole wealth of information to them. Okay, now we're highlighting interagency cooperation here. On the flip side of the question, what can probation and pretrial services officers provide to SIU? Well I was hoping that you'd asked me that because obviously for SIU to be fully effective, it means full participation by everyone involved. So if probation and pretrial services officers contribute information, if they call us and give us information about inmates in the pipeline coming to us, we build that baseline, we build that database of information and there's a greater likelihood that we're gonna be able to provide meaningful, timely, effective information later on when they call for assistance further during the period of incarceration or supervised release. Okay, you've got us off to a good start on strategic intelligence and we're gonna be taking some questions in a few minutes. I have a question I wanna ask you about. Getting to the issue of strategic intelligence, or actually, I'm sorry, the Sacramento Intelligence Unit. And that question quickly escaped me. I'm gonna come back to that, give me a second. Let me give you a question from our online conference. Maybe that'll draw my memory. Certainly. Can we as officers make contact with the various prison intelligence officers who can give us up-to-date information on a supervised release C? For example, could I contact the intelligence officer at FCI Sandstone and have him let me know who's on the defendant's visiting list, who's sending him money, who's writing to him, et cetera? Absolutely, we encourage those kind of inquiries, they can be directly to the institution. If they have a reason to call the institution, they would ordinarily speak to the Special Investigative Supervisor, which is, we normally call that the SIS. But rather than trying to remember who they should call and what to ask for and whatever, they might wanna call SIU first, and we can kind of facilitate that contact, whether they talk to them direct or we gather the information form and provide it or whatever. But yes, those kind of inquiries are very welcome, of course. Okay, I knew it would draw my memory. It came back to the question. Officers that contact SIU regularly or hopefully after the end of this program will begin contacting SIU on a regular basis. The information they provide, for lack of a better phrase, is this sort of a garbage in, garbage out type of thing? If SIU or BOP gets paid information, is this a problem for them as they begin to track? So it's important for officers to focus in on the information that they're providing. So as good as what they give is as good as what they get, I guess is what I'm getting to the point. Well, I think what we really focus on at SIU is a really a quality control kind of concept. We're going to use all-source collection. We're going to be talking to FBI, to local law enforcement, look at our own BOP intelligence. We're going to look as many sources as possible. And we'll go through kind of a quality control kind of process to make sure we're accurate, timely, providing effective information. So if someone does contribute information that needs further development, we'll certainly look at it and make sure that we've made it as accurate and timely as we possibly can. Okay, so you're going to corroborate what you get from the officers as well and then track the information going in. And when it comes out, you've got good solid information for the officers. Absolutely. When these have come out. Yes. Okay, like I said, you've gotten us off to a good start and we're going to take our time out now. That's all we have for questions right now. And we'll be getting to more of them soon later in the broadcast. But before moving on to our discussion of operational intelligence, we're going to be hearing now the first of our reports on the online conference from Denise Orlando Morningstar. So Denny? Thanks, Mark. This fall over 95 officers met during an online conference to discuss identifying and supervising offenders and defendants who are members of a gang. An online conference is really similar to an internet chat room, but not everyone has to be logged on the computer at the same time. Now during the conference, the officers share information, strategies and resources. Some of the officers who participate in the conference have actually seen gangs in their communities and have extensive experience dealing with these individuals. Other officers were just beginning to see gangs in their communities. In some cases, officers weren't even sure if they had gang members on their caseload. And in fact, identification is a real issue when dealing with this offender population. As one participant noted, identifying gang members is getting more difficult. In Utah, we have noticed that a lot of street gang members are steering away from their traditional colors. Another said, there are few fail-proof methods for determining whether a person is a member of a gang. And it's equally as important to identify gang associates, affiliates and wannabes. Full-proof identification methods are hard to come by, but during the next segment of the broadcast, we're gonna give you some pointers on what to do if you think someone on your caseload is a gang member. Well, now that we've addressed strategic intelligence, let's move on to our discussion of operational intelligence. And here, we'll define operational intelligence. We'll learn about the national major gang task force and the services that it provides. And we'll pinpoint several specific factors to take into account when supervising known gang members or offenders and defendants, rather, excuse me, who you suspect are gang members. Now, we'll have another question and answer session in about 20 minutes. So be sure to keep your calls and your facts as coming in. Well, I'd now like to introduce our second guest, joining Craig and me in the studio is Dale Welling. Dale's a private consultant and executive director of the National Major Gang Task Force. He was with federal probation for 20 years and then transferred to the Bureau of Prisons as the first chief of the Sacramento Intelligence Unit. Dale, welcome to you. Mark, how are you? Glad you're able to join us today. Glad to be here.  Now, the title of this program, an overview of gangs in the federal system, is part of the largest series that we're calling a special needs offender series. And we took the term special needs offenders from the probation and pretrial services system. So my question for you is, what makes gang members special needs offenders? Well, when I was a probation officer, that was several years ago. A few years ago. We dealt with the individual. And with the offender, you would interview him, you'd interview his family. You'd talk to maybe employers, possibly neighbors. You'd give counseling advice. And eventually, hopefully he would internalize these controls and become a productive, law abiding citizen. Today, we have the new element of gangs. It changes the whole complexion of supervision on the street as well as supervision in a prison environment. With gangs, in many situations, a gang member, his family, is the gang. And you have an outside influence that you didn't have before. You're dealing not only with just the individual, but you're dealing with a group. And so, with the outside pure pressure, there's a bigger likelihood that he will violate his conditions of supervision, be more violent, move guns or drugs, that type of thing, that he wouldn't be involved with as an individual. Okay. Now it's your turn to go now. Let's see, define operational intelligence for us. Operational intelligence is what's happening right now. When Craig talked about strategic intelligence, as a probation officer, that would be similar to getting the case file, opening it up and doing a case plan. This is what you're gonna do with the case. Operational intelligence is what is happening with the case at the moment. And this could be an example would be you go and talk to the offender and he says he's living here and he's working here. And you think, well, I wanna double check on that. So you go to the local police department and they say, oh no, he says he's living there. Well, he's actually living across town with another girlfriend. He's dealing math, manufacturing math, moving it all over the state. That would be supplementing the information that the offender is telling you.  Dale, you've had an opportunity as a member of the National Major Gang Task Force, executive director rather, to travel around the country and do quite a bit of training. Are there common questions, common concerns that you hear from officers throughout, whether you're in New York, Omaha, Los Angeles, that sort of running theme, recurring theme for that? Probably the question you get more than anything else is, what does this mean? And that would be drawings, it would be graffiti, it could be hand signs, tattoos. And what I find is that officers don't know what they're looking at. Some of it is very significant, some of it is not. And when we talk about the impact, officers don't understand the impact, if you have a sign or symbol that's upside down, which is disrespect, or if it's crossed out, it tells you what's going on in the neighborhood, graffiti is the newspaper of the street. And so not understanding the impact and not knowing what it is, it kind of puts you on the outside. The third thing is not knowing where to go to get the information. And the resources that you have available to you, which is a whole vast network out there that you can go to. Okay, let me jump on that last point then, as the executive director of the task force, can officers come to you? And if so, what can they expect from the National Major Gang Task Force? Yes, they can. We are a national network of correctional information. And we're a task force, we're not an association. But if officers need information, they can call us. And we're like brokers of information. We put out security alerts, officer safety bulletins, newsletters, but more than that, we deal, focus on the state and local level. But if you need information, say you're an officer in Illinois and you need information out of the Washington Department of Correction, we can put you in direct contact with a gang investigator that you may not yet, if you send a collateral contact to Washington State to another probation officer to contact the Department of Correction. We can get you inside the closed community, so to speak. Okay, now I'm gonna give you a chance to do a little bit of a plug here. I know the National Major Gang Task Force has a lot of national training programs that are running, and you've got one coming up, I think, in Daytona? Yes, that's correct. Daytona, Florida in May of next year of 88. It'll be our fourth national conference. It's an excellent time for officers to network across the nation, here leading gang experts, making presentations on trends and management strategies for security threat groups on the street and in the institution. Last time we had, in Colorado Springs, we had 550 participants from 32 states. So it's their major correctional conferences. Let me pose this question to you and Craig. The National Major Gang Task Force, we've heard about briefly, Sacramento Intelligence Unit. Is this an either or situation for officers? In other words, do you go to one or the other? How do they complement? How do they differ from one another? Well, it's not really either or. When they call the Sacramento Intelligence Unit, they're gonna get a lot of information that's based on federal information from the Bureau of Prisons, from the Marshals, from the FBI, from whatever. And as Dale was pointing out, the National Major Gang Task Force has outstanding contacts in the various states in some of the major counties, like Dade County or Los Angeles County or whatever. So what we'd really encourage them to do is blend all of that information available, blend the intelligence available from the various sources. So it's not an either or, we'd really encourage them to call both. But if they call one or the other frequently, we're gonna help them with that networking also. So they really designed the two organizations to complement one another. Exactly, let me take a moment to mention our audience again. On pages 20 and 21 of your participant guide also, there are logos, the mailing information, the telephone numbers that you can use to call both the National Major Gang Task Force and the Sacramento Intelligence Unit. Coming back, Craig, for SIU, for our non-fed participants that are out in our audience, SIU is a resource for them as well? Absolutely, that's the reason it's effective is that because we encourage all the various jurisdictions to call, and it increases our database, it increases our baseline information. So not only do we welcome their calls, we encourage it because it helps us build our database, our understanding of the various gangs out there. So they're very welcome to call, we encourage them to. Okay, let's go down another road. In my discussions with both of you in preparing for the program, one of the things I learned is that as you travel around the country, the officers do ask questions that they seem to be looking for, the macro answer, the big solution, or like we saw, the big coon of all this, how to imagine this offender population. So using that as a segue, I do know from talking with you that there are special considerations that probation and pretrial services officers need to focus on when dealing with this offender population. And I'm gonna ask you to start highlighting some of those. Craig, let's start with you. Well, I think the first one that jumps to mind is the need to stay current. Gang dynamics are changing constantly, where you see new feuds, you see new alliances, you see various gangs on the move or whatever. So it's very important they stay very current in the current situation. There might be new leaders emerging, new problems emerging in their city. So as we look out across the country, we see a rapidly changing situation. For instance, if we were to look out to say the West Coast, out in California, for instance, we see the Aryan brotherhood starting to distance themselves a little bit from the Mexican mafia. Traditionally, they've been very close allies. Now, they're not at war right now, but they're distancing themselves a little bit. Mexican mafia is having some difficulties here, and brotherhood's distancing. If you're to look, say, to Texas, we used to have the Texas Syndicate and the Mexiconomy at war, at open war for years. And now we find themselves in a brand new alliance where they're actually allies and operating in each other's best interest. When you move up to, say, the New England area, you have emerging groups such as the Latin Kings, the various factions from, say, New York or Massachusetts or Connecticut or whatever. You have the Latin Kings, then you also have other rapidly emerging groups like Los Salidos. And it's kind of a hot and cold relationship. You have to be very current to know whether they're currently having difficulties between the various factions or whether they're currently at peace or have a treaty. And when you go to some of the other traditional areas, such as, say, well, Chicago, for instance, a black, ancient, disciple nation has recently gone through major changes to the result of their recent indictment, prosecution of their top leadership structure. They're reinventing themselves trying to get their balance again with the loss of so many leaders to prosecution. The same thing, so true of the El Rucans, where you had a number of successful prosecutions and whatever, so you see them trying to reinvent themselves. So I think they're maybe going back to their old name, Black Pea Stone Nation and some of their older strategies prior to being El Rucans. So it's changing quickly. I'm starting to appreciate the need for staying current, just listening to you. Absolutely. Okay, so we're staying current. What's the next point? Well, I think another one that's very, very important is you need to be as specific as possible. When you're looking at an issue, oftentimes we're dealing with groups that operate in alignments, such as Crips or Black Anxious Cyples or Vice Lords or whatever. But when we're looking at an issue involving a gang, we need to be as specific as possible. What faction, what crew, what set, what posse? Very specifically, who are we dealing with? And I'd even go further on that. I would even say what part of town? For instance, Chicago, when you're talking Latin Kings, there might be some difference between Northside Latin Kings and Southside Latin Kings within the same city. So we need to be very, very specific. Same thing goes to tattoos. Not just general tattoos and whatever, but we need to be very specific details. What tattoos, what colors, how are the hands-on use as much specificity as possible. Okay, so we're staying current. We're being specific. Third point? Well, I think one that's always been very important to me is to make sure that we're looking at behavior and not just visibility. You'll see some gangs, for instance, that are very, very active with hand signs and colors and graffiti. You'll see the aerosol internet down the back alleys where they put the graffiti all the way down the back of the warehouses and things like that. And you see this bigger-than-life presence in the city where you're convinced that all this graffiti represents the largest gang that you've ever seen. Where, in contrast, you might see a street-level drug trafficking organization, a gang who's selling crack down on the street corner. Extremely dangerous, very, very violent, but they're not using colors, hand signs, graffiti, those kind of things. So when you're developing a gang strategy and you're developing what intelligence you might need about the various groups in your caseload, make sure you're looking at gangs that are dangerous, the behavior, rather than concentrating on just how visible they might be. Okay. Dale, let me get you to jump in the fray here. We're staying current, we're being specific. We're focusing on criminal behavior and not just visibility. The last point, I think, would be all-source collection. You don't take one piece and make it a fact. You would call SIU, call us the National Major Gang Task Force, talk to local law enforcement, you know, state resources, the community resources, whatever they may be, health agencies and whatever. Also, on the internet, it's a great research. The Black Gangster Disciples have an internet site, the Latin Kings, a new one out of Florida. The gangs are getting their own web pages. That's right. So you go to the internet, but it's really important, and I think we both stress the quality control is what is really important because you don't want to misidentify and put bad information out. Okay, now I know the last point, although you said that was the last point. This is actually the last point. Don't look for a gang member behind every door. It's something you shared with us, and I love it. Tell us what it means. Craig and I both have done a lot of training around the country, and after you've made a presentation, people will come up and they'll ask questions, and then they leave and they go back to their work site. Well, one thing we say is don't find a gang member behind every cell door or every street corner because what happens, it's so dynamic, and everybody kind of gets warmed up in the moment, and then you go out and you find things that aren't there, and you don't want to overreact, you don't want to create something that's not there, you don't want to alarm the staff, you don't want to scare your people, but you have to be objective, you have to go out, and if it's there, you deal with it, but you don't want to be an alarmist about it. Okay, you mentioned quality control, and you've introduced, you've brought us, you've given us the gang validation criteria, which again, I'll take a moment and mention to our audience is on pages nine and 10 of the participant guide. Tell us what the gang validation criteria is and how is it used? The document that's in the bulletin is modeled after the federal bureau of prisons, but it's produced by the National Major Gang Task Force. It's not only the bureau of prisons, but it's a, from all the other agencies and their input as far as how do you validate a gang member? It's very important that you validate something that will stand up in court. If you're going to take adverse action against a offender or an inmate, and you do it, it's behavior driven, but also because he's a gang member and you have it validated, then you have some substantiation for your actions. And then also, you have like different classifications. There's a member, a validated member. There's an associate, there's a suspect, there's a want-to-be, there's a throw-away. And so you- A throw-away? That's right, a throw-away. We're going to come back to that term. Okay, go ahead. So you need to know where they are in the classification process. So it's a quality control document, so you're not just throwing it out and saying, okay, there's three individual standing on a street corner. Two of them are gang members, so the third one's got to be. That's not necessarily true. Okay. All right. A want-to-be's, I think I understand, throw-aways. Let's build on that a little bit. Tell me about these folks. A throw-away is someone who wants to become a member of the gang. If you were supervising a throw-away, you would think he was a want-to-be. But a throw-away is an offender or an inmate that is used by the gang. They have no intention of ever bringing him in as a gang member. And they'll say, you're up, you're up, you're like, you're up for the vote or we're going to bring you in. And so he'll do anything. He'll move guns and drugs. He'll murder contracts. Whatever the gang wants him to do, he's like a little puppy dog, yes, whatever you want me to do, I'll do it. And when they're finished with him, then they just throw him away, which means he has to leave town. They may kill him. It depends on how much he knows about the gang. And if he's, it's a minor thing he's done for the gang, they'll just say, we don't want you anymore. How do you differ, or if you can, between the throw-away and the want-to-be? I mean, if I'm an officer on the street and I'm, how do I know? It's very difficult. There were times that we would call an officer and say, well, you're dealing with a suspected gang member or an associate, but we think he's a throw-away.  And so I said, well, he's probably a throw-away. And many times that would be the case, but it's very hard to tell. Wow, that's fascinating. Let me go back to the gang validation criteria for a minute. In my obsessive-compulsive style, admittedly, I totaled up the points on the gang validation criteria. I think I came up with 78 points. I noticed at the top of the criteria, it indicates 10 points, I think, to validate an individual. 10 out of 78, that seems a little low. Could you kind of explain that a little bit? It's cumulative. If he's validated at 10 points, then you have a validated gang member. Then if it goes up higher than that, say, 40 points, 50 points or whatever, he's more active, he's more visible. But that doesn't necessarily mean that he's a leader, because a lot of the leaders may only have 10 points or 12 points and just be very validated, but they're sitting back and they're calling the shots. But as we've said about the throw-away, the wannabes are the most dangerous. Those are the ones that are gonna be out there that are going to have the higher points because they're the most active in the gang. So you have to watch everything on the spectrum. So wannabes are most dangerous for whom? For the officer. For the officers. As far as carrying things out for the gang, actually doing things for the gang, the leaders normally are not out in front. Like a wannabe, an initiation may mean to assault a correctional officer in a prison system or it may be to assault a probation officer on the next home visit to show heart. And so you need to be aware, if they are a wannabe, because they're very dangerous. So, okay, let's clarify a little bit. The gang validation criteria, I've got an individual I think is a gang member. We could have the leader of the gang, I mean, just hypothetically score 10 points. We've got over 10 points on there. And yet this person is really pretty much heading up the operation. And yet a wannabe, because if I'm understanding correctly, the level of activity we're seeing, we could see upwards, well obviously in excess of 10. Yeah, actually he would be a member by that time when we say validated, but the wannabe and the younger gang members would have a higher score because they're actually doing things for the gang. Okay, Craig, does the BOP use the gang validation criteria? Yes, absolutely. We have been using it since the middle 1980s. And prior to that time, we just used a system where we had, say, three observations would result in a person being validated as a gang member. But we realized it was useful to give point values to various observations. Like we might give so many points to self-admission, a different point value to possession of gang materials, much higher point value for actually writing gang correspondents or writing gang instructions or whatever, and another point value for, say, inter-agency intelligence. So the way we designed it, no one criteria by itself will result in validation. It typically takes three or four. But let me also add to that that even though you've reached the validation point of 10 points, we'd encourage the officers to continue to collect against as many of the criteria as possible. You know, always want to use all-source collection and use as many observations as possible so that you kind of cooperate the information, quality control kind of process. So I use this validation criteria, this person sitting in front of me and we go through the questions. I mean, or is this something you just, as you investigate, as you use all-source collection, you're marking this off as you find out the information and corroborate, is that the way that works? Over a period of time, you gather the information. Wherever it comes from. But if you notice, when it says membership, and he admits it, we don't take that as, that he is a member. You don't take it as gospel. No, because. He may ever want to be. No, do that, you're right. And he'll do that to manipulate. It could be for very many reasons that he will admit. And then the other side of it is that as they realize that being a gang member is gonna be detrimental to their supervision plan or their custody placement, then they'll start denying it. And then they'll say, oh, well, I'm not a gang member, but I grew up with them or I've been around them for a number of years. And so they'll start denying it and they'll start going underground. And the gangs that are more serious and are actually into conducting serious gang business are not gonna be in your face and they're gonna be a lot lower profile. Who developed the criteria? Well, we developed it in the Bureau of Prisons some years ago in the middle 1980s, but then we worked with the National Major Gang Task Force to blend in some ideas for some other states and whatever so that we could come up with a model document that would be useful across a wide variety of jurisdictions, be it state, local, whatever. So what we see in the work guide today is similar to the federal criteria, but it's actually a model for all jurisdictions. One thing I would suggest when, because this is being adopted nationwide, when an officer is talking to a law enforcement officer or a gang unit or particularly in a prison setting, if you're talking to Bureau of Prisons or you're talking to your state correctional agency, ask if he's a validated member. Because that way you know he's gone through this process.  And then they say, no, he's a suspected member, but he's not validated. At least you know the language, you know what they're talking about. Okay. I could take this conversation on for the next hour, but we've got lots to cover.  Let's do that. Let's do it. We've got a fax. Do I have the location? Oh, okay. This is from Eastern District of New York. Question, how can we obtain information on active Hispanic gangs? Are there any known Colombian or other Hispanic gangs known besides the Mexican mafia? I am an officer covering a largely Hispanic and I apologize, I can't make out that word, neighborhood where drugs are prevalent. What district is he from? Eastern District of New York. One of the large groups there are probably Nieto's. The Nieto's? The Nieto's of Puerto Rican. Latin kings are real heavy there. In fact, there was a conflict between the almighty Latin Charter Nation in Connecticut and the almighty Latin kings that are controlled out of Chicago in the New York area. So yes, there are a lot, but the major ones, would you say, Craig, Latin kings and Los Alitos? And Los Trinitarios, various other groups like that. Quite a bit of information is available on that and I would encourage him to call in and get more details as he needs them, but there's quite a bit of information available on that. Okay. Got another fax for you. Once again, from the Eastern District of New York. Thank you, EDNY. In clarification, for information to be provided to SIU, should there be some formal corroboration of gang affiliation, i.e., defendant, offender, acknowledgement, court acknowledgement, et cetera, or should suspicion of gang affiliation by the officer be provided? And we have a little sub-question here. I'll give that to you in a second, but go ahead and... Well, I think that kind of fits into my comment. I made a little earlier about being specific. They should provide as specifically as possible what they have. If they have a self-admission, if they have an observation, let's say when they did a home visit and saw something in the home or they have inter-agency intelligence, say, from another police department, it's helpful to be as specific as possible on what they have. So if they could provide as much as they have, it would help us in the quality control process, also help us in understanding their exact needs and be able to blend that intelligence into other intelligence that we have. Okay. Sub-question. Dale, this may go to you. Does the presumption of innocence of pretrial defendants impact upon, it looks like, the provision of information? Yes, they're certain, they're not convicted, they're pretrial. Exactly, the presumption of innocence of pretrial. When I was with SIU and also a federal based officer, we try to provide as much information as we can within the guidelines and within the policy and procedures and protect the rights of the defendant. So there are certain restrictions and that's what you need to do is check with your local jurisdiction to find out what you can do and what information can be released, what information cannot be released. Okay.  This is always a danger when we take live questions. What are the benefits of having, and it looks like an officer or a unit of officers specifically supervising gang members versus assigning gang related cases to the specialist officer who have limited gang experience? I should say who may have limited gang experience. We should have. If I understand the correct question, it's whether you should have a gang unit that has assigned gang members or a gang, like a special offender specialist. I think that's what we're going with this one. You really need to have specialized gang people because as I said, if you send it to a regular officer they don't understand the dynamics, they don't understand the feuds and treaties. It's especially all in itself and you need somebody that would be like the district or office expert who would supervise and meet those special needs and that way, I think that you'll hear that from our professional officers later that you really to be effective need to have special units. Okay. You mentioned feuds and treaties and Craig walked us around the country a little bit very nicely and talked about some specific gangs and I remember when we talked about the need to stay current and if you don't recall at this point, please tell me from an operational standpoint, feuds treaties that are, other feuds and treaties that are going on at this point that you might be familiar with. Yes. And it's very important for the officer so he's not caught in the crossfire. You have like the, well the Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia which have been in the line for a number of years and this is in California, you know, separating you have the Mexicanami and the Texas Syndicate have been at war for a number of years and that's in Texas, that Mexicanami being the Texas Mexican Mafia, they are now coming together on the East Coast, the Latin Kings and Los Salidos and, but it's wherever you are in the country, you need to be aware of the treaties, who's working with who and who's at war. But not only that is that we can say this today and that can change next week or it can change in six months. So when you think that they're getting along, you may drive into the neighborhood and find out that they're not at all in being caught right in the middle. So it's critical that the officers be aware of how the gangs are aligned and how they impact each other. I'm just gonna take a moment and first I'll thank our audience for the fax questions, they're great, but please make use of the phone we wanna hear you live if you're so inclined to do so, use the telephone number that should be coming up on your screen now and take a moment to phone in a call when you go live on the air with you. I've got some questions as I threw back, I threw one at Craig quickly in the first part of the segment, I'm gonna come back from our online conference that I mentioned that Denise Landa Morningstar facilitated earlier in this fall. I'm gonna pick one that I want. From the district, this came from Florida, Northern. Says our district is comprised of large rural areas. How are the big city gangs spreading to the smaller towns? Well, I think one of the things that we're seeing, the offenders coming into BOP custody as we look through their PSIs and their criminal record and whatever, we find that they may have been based out of say South Central Los Angeles or maybe Chicago or whatever, but as the police pressure increases on them or as they have other reasons why they might want to expand, they may literally go on what amounts to a road trip where they get on the interstate, they go down to exit 53, go down to the Howard Johnson or whatever, and they may set up and sell drugs for say two, three days to the local small jurisdiction finally realizes there's really unusual traffic going into that hotel area, that motel area, and they gather up, pack up, go on down the road. So I think the point to learn from all this is we shouldn't fall on the trap of thinking, well gee, I'm in rural Georgia or rural Nebraska or whatever it doesn't affect me. Chances are excellent it does. The Black Anxious Cyples or the Vice Lords or the Rolling 60 Crips or whatever, if they're not there now, they might be in the future and whether it's a permanent presence or whether it's just passing through in the interstate setting up for a two or three day operation in a local motel and selling and moving on, we can almost guarantee, and in fact looking at our own BOP records, we can almost guarantee that for instance the Vice Lords and Black Anxious Cyples down in Florida and Georgia and Mississippi and all that, we shouldn't fall on the trap of thinking they're Chicago. Same with Rolling 60 Crips, I've seen various evidence of Crip members right here in Washington, D.C. Okay, again, we could take this conversation on forever but unfortunately we're not going to. And thank you again to our audience for faxing the questions and that's it for this segment. It's now time for our program break. And when we come back, we'll be talking with four federal probation officers who will discuss their experiences identifying and supervising gang members. So be sure and join us for that and we'll see you in seven minutes. Be sure to visit the center's homepage on the worldwide web where you can find general information about the federal judicial center. You can also get a list of available FJC publications as well as the center's education and training programs. These center publications and educational materials can be downloaded to your computer. You'll also find valuable links to other federal information servers on the FJC's homepage. You can find us at www.fjc.gov or via the JNET at this address. The federal judicial television network is coming to your courthouse. It will broadcast education, training and information programming for the third branch. The federal judicial television network is a joint effort to the federal judicial center, the administrative office of the U.S. courts and the U.S. sentencing commission. We're building this network for the federal judicial system and we're building it for you.


What McCullough is battling against is Maryland's attempt to protect the people of its state from this corrupt central bank and You know McCullough sues say that the bank is constitutional the state has no right to interfere They're they're trying to place a tax on bank notes for banks not chartered in the state of Maryland Which only pertain to the second bank of the United States Are my details on there correct and King just talked a little bit about the Supreme Court case Yeah, absolutely. So this was a famous case that it was it was emerging. So this is the same McCullough who was embezzling He himself just basically refused to pay the tax and that's why it's called McCullough versus Maryland Basically Maryland was trying to tax the bank like it attacks its own state banks and saying that well The federal government is not above Maryland other states were doing this the second bank of the United States basically tells the states to go pound salt And saying no, we're not gonna pay and so this court case winds up in the Supreme Court And then you're getting the lovely John Marshall and veteran land speculator And former investment partner of Robert Morris a true crony among cronies.  I can't let him go And he's deciding that he's ruling on this court case and you really get the whole cast of characters clay and Webster You know, they're defending the bank. You even get old Luther Martin Who's attacking the bank? He's a great anti-federalist Maryland anti-federalist is one of the few hardcore anti-federalist president at the Constitutional Convention the Luther Martin Though he had joined the Federalist Party simply because he hated Jefferson in Madison much like Patrick Henry He had spent his waning years still fighting government as well as Like he was also apparently a notorious alcoholic too So he's sort of attacking the bank in the court K in the court And I'm assuming just smells like alcohol and all of this and he's inebriated and everything, but he's got the right idea He just it's the thought that counts and you know, maybe he knows how to he knows how to drown his sorrows knowing Which way the government's going to go on this and so the Supreme Court basically rules that No, the states cannot tax the bank the bank is is the federal government the federal government is above the states and John Marshall an individual who owned stock in the bank. He sold it right before the court case But again, that's still like it's it's it's it's it's just really one of those little details You never hear about but like you like oh, okay, maybe that's like conflict of interest among many other things Basically says well the federal government can do whatever it wants So he used this I use this case as an opportunity to really flex the broad constructionist that old Hamiltonian interpretation of the US Constitution the interpretation that I would say is right and not that I agree with but I would say is actually what the Constitution was intended to do if you look at the Constitutional Convention debates and the ratification debates and you look at what Murray Rothbard wrote the fifth volume of conceived and Liberty And he basically says yeah, the federal government can do whatever once It's necessary and proper. It's it's it's it's everything under the Sun And really just the the federal government can't be touched Not only the bank, but just the federal government the federal government is supreme over the states And this is really a really big shock to a lot of people because they had seen some warning signs or some earlier Supreme Court cases, but this is truly people thought that okay the anti-federalists were right The US Constitution is this big government document that basically allows the government to do whatever it wants and It really kind of shook a lot of people into the states rights direction


Guys, I thought we would go over how to make some stencils by hand without anything fancy. This is at the request of Mr. Victor Crofter, so Victor, this is just for you. You don't need a lot of fancy stuff to make stencils, you know, if you have a stencil cutting machine or a silhouette or something like that, that's great, but I make plenty of stencils by hand. These are some of the things we're going to use. These are just yogurt container lids. Some product packaging. I don't remember what this is from, but this might be from when I got my new iPhone. I don't remember exactly, but it's just some clear plastic. And this is just a piece of plain cardstock. I also use junk mail cardstock when I have some. Actually, I'm out of it right now, which is shocking. But if you get some, you know, thick junk mail, you can use that too.  I'm not going to cut it in about, in about half, I'm not going to measure it or anything.  This is a stencil that I've actually already created for myself. And I like my stencils to look uneven and hand drawn and I'm not looking for perfect. That's kind of the charm of them, right? So I'll do some kind of basic design. I've done this one a few times and I'll do, you know, the basic outline and then frequently I'll come back in like I'm doing right now and just, you know, clean up my shapes a little bit. I want it to look hand drawn, but I don't want it to be, you know, crazy. Okay. And you just need a sharp exacto knife with a nice blade on it. Using a cutting mat, this is an omni grid mat from the quilting department at a fabric store. And you can hear that it, you heard it was a little sticky because I've been using this for my collage Fridays and it got a little bit of glue on it.  Yeah. Then cut away those shapes and this is how I made the stencil that I used on the front of the journaling by five's journal that I just finished, which is the same sort of a pattern. And whenever I get inspired for a design that I think will make a great hand cut stencil, I usually just sit real quick with a piece of card stock or a piece of plastic or whatever product packaging I have that I've saved and sit and make the stencil. And I don't really clean these hand cut stencils, of course, especially if they're made out of paper, but that layer of acrylic paint, if you let it dry on there, especially with the paper will make your stencil a little stronger, make it last a little longer. And of course you can do really intricate designs. Honestly, I don't have the patience for that. So I rarely do that, at least on a hand cut stencil. I think it's time to clean my mat. I think it's a little sticky. So there you have an interesting stencil that will make a great design on a page or journal cover or something else. And then I have these around these yogurt lids I thought I would try to do something with.  So I'm just left with the flat center part. You probably don't have to do this, but I just thought it might make my life a little easier and I'm pretty sure it will. Now I would probably stencil with it this side up because there's a little bump in the middle, but I think that I'm going to draw my design on this side. So what if we cut away the center? So your sections have to be connected. What if we did something like this? We're going to cut these parts away. This is just a permanent black marker. All right, let's see what that looks like. You have to push a little harder when you're working with these plastic materials to get through all the layers of plastic and you probably are going to need to go around twice. Really should have my reading glasses on for this. Yeah, that would be interesting. Kind of a negative of a flower shape. Keep your fingers out of the way when using a sharp instrument like an X-Acto knife. Yeah, that's interesting shape. I like that one. So look around your studio or your house, your kitchen and see what kind of materials you have that you can reuse and create your own homemade unique mark making tools to use in your art. Something that's uniquely you that you didn't buy at the store. Creating pretty art does not require tons of money. Just a bit of ingenuity and creativity. And I'm going to actually be cutting a few of these stencils, different stencils for a special upcoming project. So stay tuned for that. Now obviously because this one is made out of a plastic lid, it's going to hold up a little better than the paper one, but it's also a lot more difficult to cut. So I usually use some kind of card stock because it's easier to cut, but look at that. I like that. So look and see what you have around your house and make yourself some stencils. Don't forget to have some fun while you're at it and all my contact information is in the description below along with where you can sign up for online courses that I teach by stuffinmyetsyshop, send me happy mail, all that stuff is in the description below. Don't forget to have a great day. Do something nice for yourself because you deserve it. I'll see you later. Bye.


Hello everybody, Andrea Mayesky here with Etch Well Touring. This will actually be a quick one because I mentioned it in my last video, but I forgot. Some of you were asking me, I've been getting some emails of what lipstick I wear at work because I mentioned in one of my videos that I do wear a certain lipstick, lip sense. It does not come off on your mask and it looks good all day. I know some of you may be thinking what's the point of wearing makeup? It's just going to come off anyway. I feel better when I wear makeup. It's just me. I'm sorry. I do, I don't mean to sound like a, you know, oh, I feel better when I do makeup or when I have makeup on, but it's true. I do. I'm a girl that likes to wear makeup.  But I like to wear lipstick and eyeshadow and foundation and mascara, I guess too, right? So, but the lipstick that I wear that does not come off. I highly recommend it. Let me know if you would like to try some because I can give you guys a 10% discount. So why not? Especially if you haven't tried it before. You've probably heard about it, right? So lip sense. So I'm actually going to show you guys. So what I'm wearing today is lip sense. This is the color here. I love it. It's kind of, it's supposed to be a neutral color, but I'm very light. So it kind of shows up a little bit darker on me, but it looks nice and it matches with everything. So what lip sense is, is you shake it, shake it, shake it. You apply the lip sense color first and then to make it stay, you seal it with the special lip sense gloss. And the nice thing is that the gloss comes in all different kinds too. This is just the plain one, but you can get like a pearl gloss. You can get a pink. You can get a pink gloss. There's a blue one. There's all kinds of different colors to mix and match. So I love that. So lip sense is a two-part system, the color and the gloss. And you need the remover to take it off, which I forgot to show you guys, but I have it in the bathroom because I take it off at the end of the day. But that's it. It's really awesome. You won't find anything like it.   But lip sense, check it out guys, doesn't come off. See? Nothing. And then what I do to help it stay on is I apply the gloss after lunch just to kind of give it that extra shine. I feel we're doing this in front of you guys, but that's what I do. So let me know if you guys want a discount. Try it out. Honestly, why not? It's amazing and you won't only wear it for work. You will start to wear it all the time because why buy a lipstick that comes off if you can buy one that doesn't?  That's what I do.  So yeah, I love it. But thank you guys for watching. I was going to keep this short and sweet. I will leave the link in the description. If you guys want a discount, feel free to join my group on Facebook. And I will totally hook you up. So thank you guys so much for watching and stay tuned for the next one.


Hello! Are you looking for a way to eliminate the derogatory from in-text citations and bibliographies? Zotero has a plugin feature that you can use within a Word document. When you download the Zotero desktop, it normally adds a plugin to Word automatically. If it is not there, set it up by going to Tools and Add-ons. Now open up a Word document. You will see Zotero on your menu bar. First pick the citation style you need. In this example, we'll use APA. Place the cursor where you need to cite. And click on Add Edit Citation. The Zotero toolbar will pop up, allowing you to search for the author or title of your citation. If you were citing more than one article, keep searching and adding references. Your references will appear in the right order and formatted correctly. When you have an exact quotation, as in the second sentence, you will need to add a page number.  And note that if you've already used the author's name in the sentence, you can suppress it in the citation. To add the list of references, simply place the cursor in the right spot and click on Add Edit Bibliography. All references listed in your in-text citations will appear automatically. The final step is to proofread your references for any possible errors. If you have any questions, just ask us at library.wlu.ca.help.askus.


I'm Matthew Horkey and I'm Shereen Tan. Together we are Exotic Wine Travel. We've spent the last three years traveling around the world writing and speaking about unique and exciting wines. Our journey has taken us to both lesser known and established wine regions. In 2016 we came to Croatia for the first time. We fell in love with the country and the wines, prompting us to write the book Cracking Croatian Wine, a visitor-friendly guide. Now we're at it again. We're going to retour the country and bring our book to life. We aim to take you deep into the Croatian food and wine scene. So sit back, relax and join us as we go Cracking Croatian Wine. There are no shortages of spectacular views in Dalmatia and the Makarska Riviera is no different. Today we're taking a short ferry ride to the eastern tip of Hvar. It's a long skinny island producing some of the country's most exciting wines. A small two-lane road transverses the island of Hvar. It's a drive it takes slowly because there are some phenomenal views to be had. Hvar town is the most popular place on the island. It's a posh place on the west coast and it has become the place to party. The rest of the island is laid back with small Mediterranean villages that seem lost in time. The Pitvei tunnel connects the northern part of the island to the slopes on the south side. It's a 1.4 kilometer or about one mile drive on a single track road. The south side of Hvar is stunning. There are only a few small roads that snake through small villages. The drive gives way to steep vineyards and wide panoramic views of the Adriatic Sea. We're heading to Zlatanotok, one of the first private wineries in Croatia established by the late Zlatan Plankovic. We meet his daughter Antonija at the Zlatan guesthouse which is built under the Plankovic family home. The property also features a marine and restaurant which is only open during the spring and summer tourist season. The restaurant also sits on top of an underwater cellar which is still in use. We're hungry and the restaurant has prepared a few local dishes for us. Before we start eating we sip on the latest vintage of Zlatan poship which is one of our favorite examples of the grape. It's always been one of my favorite simple fresh-out poship and it's consistent every year. Next we get some fish and fresh octopus but the main is something special. This is Gregata, a fish, onion and potato stew. In the past this was considered peasant food but now it's something that's infashioned. Well it's an old dish. It used to be that people would fish and have the garden and that's what they can make. It looks so simple but it really reminds me of the food that I eat at home. I mean to chew fish is like that sort of the same. You steam the fish, all the flavors go into the soup. It's ridiculous. You drank all the soup, look! It's time for dessert. We pair it with a Zlatan pora, a late-harvest red dessert wine made from Suryana Kastalinski better known to Americans as Zinfandel or Italians as Primitivo. It's an outstanding wine made in small quantities so you'll have to come here to pick it up. In the morning we eat breakfast with Antonia before heading up to the winery to talk with her brother Nicola. My father started producing wine just for the guests because we have housed their pension. We always have guests. Until 95 nobody wanted to drink our red wine. It was plava smale. You can give to the people. Not sell, not only like gift. And after that in 96 was Pope from Rome. He was in Croatia and in the airplane they have our wines and that Pope Ivan Pavlov one second. He didn't like so much wines but when he drank one glass of plavats he asked for one more and the reporter brought it in the newspaper and after that was missing like 50% in one day. Everyone wants to drink this like a plavat. Zlatan otak makes a number of delicious plavats Mali Bodlings. Our favorite is the plavats Grand Crew a humongous red made from old vines just above the winery. The city of Stardegrad which translates to old city sits near the Stardegrad plain one of Croatia's UNESCO World Heritage sites. It is the oldest continuously planted vineyard in the world. Grape vines and olive trees have covered this plain for the last 24 centuries. There are ancient ruins, walls and cisterns present on the plain. They were set up by the Greeks who brought viticulture to the island. The wealth of viticulture on Hoare continues to this day with numerous domestic producers in addition to commercial ones like Saadec, Vunevic and Plancic. Hoare is even attracted a master of wine. Joe Ahern produces small batches of exciting wines from indigenous varieties like plavats Mali, Poship and Darnakusha. The village of Yelsa is home to a few stellar producers and one of the most famous is Tomic. Andro Tomic is the founder and he's known for making soft international-styled plavats Mali with easy tannins. The island is out of power when we arrive so the winery is lit by candlelight. Nonetheless we get the chance to retaste the newest vintages of the premium wines. The Tomic Kaplar a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon plavats Mali in addition to the plavats Mali Barique. Shareen is impressed with the newest addition of the ladder. I know 2011 is a hotter year and there is no sign of cooked plum, cooked jam kind of smell. It's really fresh, led by way of fruit. It is what plavats Mali is supposed to be. Like it has to be pretty, perfume and this has it on the nose. Just down the road a small Canoba house is one of Croatia's cult wines. Evo Dubalković produces small quantities of highly sought-after wines in the basement of his house. With an appointment you can come and taste his stellar wines and urban fused olive oils. Dubalković doesn't produce any fresh white wines. He does make three skin contact amber or orange wines. They pay homage to some of the old-school wines Evo's father used to make. 2007. It was a year when we tried eight-year-old wine that wine made my father and it's probably that day that was really good wine in good condition and that day I decided to do the same things and the reaction of people who like that kind of wine was really good. Reaction of my local friends and people was terrible. The Moyem which translates to Mayem is an orange wine made from the local grape Marastina. It's highly structured, chewy and delicious. Evo also makes four different reds from plavats Mali. His Medvedice is always impressive. Vintage after vintage. Whoa, that is a true plavat. My point of view, the plats Mali from Khar is a little more harmonic. Sometimes people ask me what I do with my wines. Nothing, finally, and that is everything. I don't add anything. The idea is to to put in your glass the old nature which our grapes have in vineyard. We try to live what nature gives to us and that's really true and it's simple. You like it or you don't like it. That is that. If you like it, you drink it. If you like it, you drink it again. Yeah. In the morning, we take a short ferry ride from Yelsa to the island of Brach. It's only a 30 minute ride. The town of Bol is close to Brach's most popular tourist attraction, the Zlatani Rai or Golden Cape. It's a triangular beach that dons many Croatian tourist brochures. We're not here for the beach. We're here to visit our friend Amia Mayedin, the marketing director of Stina Winery. He's agreed to take us up to Stina's prime vineyard spots. These steep plots of Plovets Mali down the cover of our book Cracking Croatian Wine. Stina started this vineyard from scratch. We can't imagine the investment it took to clear the land and build these stone walls, especially at these steep gradients. The winery also owns another plot that has an old monastery on the property. In the future, Stina wants to make this a tasting room with grand views of the sea and nearby Hvar. We take the steep road back down to the winery to taste the latest vintages. Stina bought the empty building that was the cooperative winery of Brach during Yugoslavian times. They have renovated it into a slick wine bar and modern winery. After some barrel tasting, we sit down for lunch to taste the latest bottled vintages. Our favorites every year from Stina are the white wines made from poship and vugava. The latter is a rare great native to the island of Vis. This vintage of vugava is crisp and mineral laden. Shereen's favorite wines from Stina are their tripe drag, known in the USA as Zinfandel, and their Plovets Mali Remek Diello, a wine made only in special years. This time around, it really reminds me of some of the very best Zinfandel from California. The very best. Very nice. Just the concentration, the structure, the finish, very elegant, a lot of power. The name of Diello, master piece.  The best, the best art here. Wow, this is a hardcore ferry. Two levels of cars. We take the ferry back to the mainland. We're heading to the Trogir area. The city of Trogir is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was in this area that American researcher Carol Meredith and her team found nine vines of the original Zinfandel, known locally as Sotianek Kastylensky or tripe drag. We're not here to hunt for vines though. We're heading to the brand new Hotel Ola. It's a modern four-star hotel that boasts beautiful views of Trogir and the nearby island known as Otaktyovo. The hotel is also the site of an innovative restaurant known as Black Pepper. Hotel manager Magna Bonacin joins us to tell us about the restaurant. It's a traditional Mediterranean kitchen but on a modern way. It's based on healthy food and we promote healthy lifestyle here in Croatia. Sounds good. Let the meal begin. Our server Christina brings out the first dish. It's from our garden, from the Ola garden. You have the mustard sauce with honey. Okay. Very good texture. It's almost like you taste a burger on a plate but without the bun. The chef is Rojica Jukicic who continues to dazzle us. It's hardy which are stuffed with red onions that was fully cooked. You have fried shrimps with garlic sauce. I love the pairing of the sardine with the onion. Like salty, sweet, savory. You know what? I actually wanted red wine with this dish. It's a baby squid to be accurate. The cheese, it's a lace cheese. Exceptionally inventive. I love this dish. It's the chic cheese that makes a huge difference for me. It's like sweet, a little bit pungent. More gregada. This time a modern version. You have a baby monkfish, sea bass, good potatoes. You have a little filet beneath the potatoes and a shrimp. We're stuffed but Magda joins us to explain the dessert. This is a traditional Croatian sweet. My grandmother used to make it also. Really? Yes but this is a modern way. Of course. Tap that off with a glass of the local sweet wine Procek and we're ready to call it a night. It's always hard to leave the stunning scenery of Dalmatia and unfortunately our time on the coast is running out. Our life on the road, breakfast, but sure ain't working hard. We're heading back to the capital Zagreb. We're going to be taking you to producers that many visitors rarely see on Croatia's continental mainland. If you would like to learn more about Croatia and Croatian wine keep a lookout for our next episode and check out our book Cracking Croatian Wine.


The information presented here is intended to help maintenance managers and field personnel implement effective anti-icing programs. Further details can be found in the Federal Highway Administration publication, Manual of Practice for an effective anti-icing program. Anti-icing is a systematic approach to winter road maintenance that requires the use of the right tools, material, equipment, personnel, and strategy at the right place and at the right time to prevent or reduce the ice pavement bond. Many tools are available to the maintenance manager for anti-icing. Tools for operations include the solid, pre-wetted solid, and liquid chemicals necessary for preventing the ice pavement bond. Equipment for delivering the chemicals at appropriate rates, plows with effective cutting edges, and chemical preparation and storage facilities. All tools are the people skilled in the use of road weather information systems, snow and ice control equipment, technology for decision-making, and personnel standby and call-out procedures. Decision tools include long-to-short-term weather forecasts, real-time data on traffic, pavement condition, and treatment effectiveness. The purpose of an ice control chemical is to lower the freezing point of water, that is, to melt ice or prevent water from forming ice. Carbon chloride is the most commonly used chemical for anti-icing and de-icing. Its action in depressing the freezing point is typical of all common ice control chemicals. This is the phase diagram of salt-ice-water mixtures. Below the left part of the solid curve, there is not enough dissolved salt to melt ice. In fact, some of the solution freezes. Below the right part of the solid curve, some of the salt that is already dissolved precipitates out. Here on the plot below the lowest temperature on the curve called the eutectic, the solution with the lowest freezing point, no amount of applied salt will melt ice, and existing salt water will freeze. Timing of chemical applications is critical. Dry solid chemicals should not be applied on dry pavement because the particles can bounce off the pavement or be blown off by traffic. When applying dry solid chemicals, it is best to wait until early in the storm, when the pavement is wet or when frozen precipitation has begun to accumulate. The primary objective is to place the chemical early enough to prevent development of an ice pavement bond. There are circumstances when it is appropriate to apply a chemical on dry pavement. These include pre-treating as part of pre-season preventive operation, beating rush hour traffic, and pre-treating for bridge deck or cold spot icing. In these circumstances, applying a pre-wetted salt or a liquid chemical will substantially reduce material loss, resulting in greater effectiveness. Tailgate spreaders and hopper spreaders can apply free-flowing granular materials in paths from 4 to 40 feet wide. Both types have been used successfully in anti-icing programs. Several methods can be used for pre-wetting. The most common is to spray the liquid on the dry chemical before it leaves the spinner. Sodium or calcium chloride solutions are most commonly used for pre-wetting. Ground speed-oriented spreader controllers are recommended as they automatically compensate for truck speed to maintain a constant material application rate with little demand on the driver. Anti-icing is most effectively accomplished using uniform chemical application at rates as low as 100 pounds per lane mile. Truck and spreader vibration, wear, damage, and maintenance can all affect application rate. This makes periodic recalibration essential. Calibration procedures are described in the Manual of Practice and in the Salt Institutes Snow Fighter Handbook. Ice control chemicals should be stored under cover or in a building to avoid loss into the environment. Stockpiles should be placed on an impermeable base to prevent groundwater contamination and drainage from the truck loading area should be handled properly. Liquid chemicals are preferred for application on dry pavement. They also can be applied on wet or thin snow or thin ice-covered pavement. On snow, they must be applied before a pack develops. Until the thin ice is melted, a liquid will create a very slippery condition. Therefore, a liquid should not be applied to ice during critical traffic periods. Five chemicals, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium magnesium acetate, and potassium acetate, have all been used in liquid anti-icing treatments. Calcium chloride has been used on some highways at rates down to 65 pounds per lane mile of equivalent solid chemical. 20 to 25 percent sodium chloride solutions have been shown to be effective for anti-icing and for removing frost and black ice. Magnesium chloride solutions have been effective in inhibiting development of black ice on bridge decks. Liquid chemicals applied during heavy snowfall or freezing rain can be diluted to the point that the solutions freeze unless very high quantities are used. It is best to use solid chemicals under those conditions. At pavement temperatures below about 23 degrees Fahrenheit, the anti-icing action of all chemicals is generally too slow to be practical. Even when mixed with calcium chloride, 15 degrees Fahrenheit may be the practical limit. Chemical solutions can be prepared by the user. For temporary or small-scale production of saturated brine, up to 600 gallons per hour, simple batch units can be built using small, commercially available sheet metal tanks. Because of its greater ability to penetrate ice or snowpack, salt used for de-icing is generally coarser than that used for anti-icing. Since anti-icing treatments are made before an ice or packed snow layer develops, penetration is not an objective. Finer salt will dissolve and coat the road surface with anti-icing solution faster, and its surface area holds more solution. Experts and studies suggest that the anti-icing chemical itself may not be as important as the application rate. To reduce chemical dilution, snow or loose ice should be plowed off the road before applying chemicals. This is good practice anytime chemicals are applied, but is even more important when liquid chemical solutions are used alone. Excess snow and ice will require more chemical to achieve an effective concentration. No cutting edges should ride on the pavement to remove as much snow and ice as possible. Casters or shoes should not be used unless required for safety on certain highway segments. A slush blade behind the cutting blade may be desirable. Choice of chemical and application rate, use of plowing alone, or doing nothing can all be informed decisions based on knowledge of the local conditions provided by road weather information systems. Pavement temperature sensors provide real-time data that can be used to predict several hours in advance when the pavement temperature will drop below freezing, allowing time to plan efficient operations. Conductivity sensors indicate the relative chemical concentration on the pavement surface. This helps guide the decision whether to apply more chemical. The newest pavement sensors can measure the freezing point of the chemical solution on the pavement and warn if the solution is likely to freeze. Timely accurate weather forecasts are essential for making early and continuing operational decisions. One resource for forecasts is the National Weather Service. However, these forecasts are not generally specific enough for making anti-icing treatment decisions. Location-specific timely forecasts can be obtained from contract forecast services. Guidance for selecting a forecast service is given in the report SHARP H351 Road Weather Information Systems, Volume 2, Implementation Guide. Information on all aspects of road weather information systems is given in Volume 1 of that report. The maintenance manager can use now casting to decide when to mobilize personnel and take other actions throughout the storm. Now casting uses real-time data from road weather information systems, road patrols, and any other sources to predict the weather and road conditions for the next one to two hours. For an anti-icing program to work, management, supervisory, and operations personnel must be trained in the program's details. New, more effective, and more efficient programs must be started. A successful program will require more and better information for making decisions, will use different methods and materials, and will require more emphasis on training. Decision can be given by a consultant or by agency staff using material from various sources including SHARP and FHWA studies. Appendix C of the Manual of Practice suggests maintenance actions for preventing the ice pavement bond during six distinctive winter weather events. It is intended to complement the decision-making and management practices of a systematic anti-icing program so that roads can be efficiently maintained in the best possible conditions. For example, for a moderate or heavy snowstorm with the pavement temperature between 25 and 30 degrees Fahrenheit, and the pavement surface is wet, slush, or covered with light snow at the time of the initial operation, a liquid should be applied at a rate of 200 or a solid chemical at a rate of 152-200 pounds of solids per lane mile. Subsequent operations would consist of plowing any accumulation off and reapplying liquid or solid chemical as needed at 200 pounds of solids per lane mile. If the desired plowing treatment frequency cannot be maintained, the application rate can be increased to 400 pounds per lane mile to accommodate longer operational cycles. Do not apply liquid chemicals onto thick snow accumulation or packed snow. Anti-icing is a systematic approach to winter road maintenance that requires the application of the right tools, material, equipment, strategy, and personnel at the right place and at the right time to minimize the impact of the ice pavement bond.