Hello everyone, today's third part of first session and we already discussed about NFHS4 and NFHS5 data on you know exclusive breastfeeding and also on complementary feeding and we also discussed about growth charts. So today I'm going to talk about framework that we had created at one of the NGO that you know I was working at and this was the framework for mental infant young child feeding practices you know we had to actually create a protocol and it took us almost I would say six to seven years to come up with this protocol from learning in the field. So this is what I'm going to discuss today to understand like you know what what we did and what helped actually and this is the same NGO which showed you know a good amount of reduction of not only wasting and underweight but also stunting. So you know before we again go deep into each factor just wanted to give you broad guideline you know that what we did. So first thing was basically we focused a lot on breastfeeding. It took us almost I would say long six seven years to understand what was missing in the breastfeeding aspect because initially in first four five years I was not getting results I mean our children were not gaining as good a weight as you know they were expected to and again you know experience from us as you know we were very strict on growth monitoring. So if children didn't grow well we had to immediately take an action you know and here I was I was trying to teach them you know breastfeeding holes and all which I had learnt by reading again you know not this training was not done in our medical curriculum not even an attendee level in US and pediatrics. So obviously looking at all these guidelines I was teaching them traditional holes you know cradle hold and I would say baspilado you know not focusing so much on intricacies of technicalities you know and when children were not gaining weight I was like thinking what to do I mean in US you know immediately mothers start formulas you know but here I was working in slums so I didn't want to think of even starting anything because that was out of question and for me giving exclusive breastfeeding was very very important and you know somehow we've kind of figured out when we continue seeing such cases you know most of the cases were not gaining weight actually and then you know one of the baby in fact kind of I would say it taught us and you know we came up with this 45 counseling points you know because of strict monitoring of our data you know and cross griddle actually worked really well so what we did is basically we taught mothers this cross griddle hold you know starting from I would say 2013 or so we started doing cross griddle hold and our goal was just to train this pregnant mothers who came in you know because when these mothers actually were not trained on proper breastfeeding technique you know when they would go for deliveries any outside a lot of those doctors would start formulas or you know they would say and they would start all this you know cow milk or formulas so we wanted to kind of empower our pregnant mothers you know and that's when we actually saw great results even when they delivered you know even if they were told not to give breast milk because babies were either born by cesarean or some of the other issue you know they did not listen to doctors they they give it so I think this is a very important point that I would like to discuss to you know teach your pregnant mothers this 45 points of counseling with cross griddle hold and you know you'll definitely see timely early initiation of breastfeeding you'll see amazing weight gain you know they don't lose so much weight this side that's what I saw that even in you as when I was using this whole every time I went you know in urgent care when mothers came we would teach them cross griddle hold you know at day two or day three post delivery and I was seeing just amazing results of like you know 50 60 grams a day and no wonder you know WHO table shows 200 gram weight gain in first week and that's what I saw actually you know which only we don't see it in India unfortunately you know maybe because of the mothers are not guided or probably I have I don't want to blame too many things but you know I saw similar results in India in our program when we started teaching cross griddle hold so that's why I was insisting on this kind of 45 points of counseling and what we did is basically here you know this is one of the project in Panaskata where all these pregnant mothers were brought in PhDs and they were taught you know using our health spoken tutorial which I'll speak in the next you know session and you know they were taught this whole when they were pregnant okay not only when they were pregnant they were asked to demonstrate okay with breast model and the doll and then immediately as as soon as they delivered you know PhD medical officers and A&M and Asha would train them on cross griddle hold and you know basically empower her right so that's what the important aspect and that's what we did in our program also we brought all these pregnant mothers in we not only of course talk about breastfeeding techniques but we also spoke about her nutrition because her nutrition was very important and we tried to kind of get all the mothers from first trimester onward you know because obviously what I noticed that there was a huge number of you know low birth weight babies being born in urban slums so I wanted to improve their birth weight so we kind of we brought them in early we would have you know one session per month or so even sometimes once every two weeks depending upon which trimester they were in and focused a lot on nutrition focused on red flags you know focused on understanding of you know minor aches and pains and pregnancy we did not do a lot of this you know obstetrician kind of care because we didn't have a gynecologist in our program so it was more of a kind of you know other things which were not done in the hospital that we kind of took care of so more of like a nutrition counselling breastfeeding counselling you know talking about issues just general issues teaching them some exercises and you know like a a paramedical stuff so that was important part of a program second part was basically teaching mothers giving them support on cross-cruel hold so again you can see this cross-cruel hold is completely opposite of what traditional hold is here baby's been held by opposite hand again I'll discuss more in detail later and here medical officer in panaskata district you know she's she's doing a home visit and she's teaching mother actually how to hold looking at the latch you know all those important points which she was taught you know in one of the training here this is another you know photograph of breastfeeding latching again you know what we noticed that in this hold baby could really open a big mouth had a very good extension of neck that extension of neck is really really important you know looking up a little bit like that it was difficult to get that in a traditional hold and you know the way mother was holding the breast was completely different it was U shape rather than a C shape which we already which we always see in the in the program you know and then after kind of you know trying this hold on I would say hundreds of babies we again and looking at the data that what helped what did not help our advice I'm talking about you know we eventually came up with 45 points okay now there's 45 points included everything starting from mother's preparation then the way she sits you know the way she holds the baby the way she brings the baby to the breast you know baby's position baby's latch you know mouth latch and other counseling points so it kind of encompasses the whole technicality of breastfeeding you know we've always told that breastfeeding is important breastfeeding is important but exactly what to do now if suppose for example if I have nobody to help me okay nobody nobody to teach me then how as a mother I would learn the skill on my own I would call it do it yourself and then basically practice you know breastfeeding on your baby you know so this so that's what that was a reason to come up with this kind of concise document you know of course this is really important for healthcare workers doctors and medical officers and nurses to to learn this but you know in case if mothers don't have any support physical support you know just by looking at it and understanding she can definitely try it and I have a lot of mothers who call us on a portion helpline and you know we just passed them this tutorial which we have created on 45 points and they do wonderful they do wonderful we have so many mothers telling us that oh you know just by looking at the skill videos you know I was I understood the problem and the problem is fixed within 20 40 40 hours so this is to just kind of standardize the process you know so that it becomes easy for capacity building you know so here we created this kind of brochures and the wall hangings in different languages basically all all different languages so if any you know NGOs working in different areas of India if they want if they would want to take it up you know we have it in all the different languages okay this is created sitara and spoken tutorial basically then what we did when mothers came to our program okay it was very important for for healthcare worker to assess breastfeeding now this is breastfeeding assessment tool that of course it it was created by WHO but we kind of modified it because you know our techniques were different you know we were promoting cross cradle whole so I wanted to add a lot of those points and also also wanted to in kind of add some of this counseling points which were not given in WHO assessment tool so we kind of modified that assessment tool and this is what basically we came up with you know just important points not too much which was not helping mothers to breastfeed or not helping babies to gain weight so we removed some of those points but put in kind of more about you know you know points which are very very relevant you know points which were relevant for example more on latching more on understanding if mother understood whether she you know she knew early hunger queues or she knew that baby need to be fed you know a few times at night all those points that you know we put it in there and what healthcare workers were supposed to do in my program is every time baby came with the mother I'm talking about first two to three weeks when mother is still learning breastfeeding they had to basically check okay so on left side you have all the favorable behaviors and on right side you have unfavorable behaviors or unfavorable sign symptoms or whatever you can say okay so if if suppose baby came with the mother you know we we would first weigh the baby I mean that was very important but then we would tell mother you breastfeed and I'm going to examine okay so healthcare healthcare workers would examine the mother and the baby and the way they breastfed by looking at it and by filling out these forms we could actually figure out the problem where the problem lied you know because then we immediately knew that okay this is a problem that mother don't know hunger queues then we would discuss more about that hunger queues or mother did not know how to bring the baby to the breast so we discussed that point but this assessment was very important you know when they came to our program so I definitely recommend to all the all my friends over here to kind of you know I will put a pdf for this form we have again you know recreated at its few more points from learning in past couple of years you know and then just kind of even if you if you're a mother and if you want to just assess your breastfeeding just fill this form form at home and then figure out where the issue is it's all basically like a in a problem oriented solutions you know that you need to know this then the breastfeeding will be very successful okay as I of course said well why this effective breastfeeding you know again I keep talking about not just timely early initiation or you know exclusive breastfeeding I keep talking about effective breastfeeding because you know I wanted to see that if you if mother knew breastfeeding then why would she start top feed or if if mother knew proper breastfeeding then why would she so much of sand so much of uh stunting under weight under under six months of age right because babies are only getting mother's milk so like obviously you know once we started learning this new techniques all these questions came to our mind that why every mother need to have every mother needs help you know whether it is a mother in tribal area slum area western world in fact western world mothers need much more help you know and we figured out there was a study which was done in UC Davis you know and what they found is basically 92% of the new mothers reported at least one breastfeeding concern okay and this is on day three now here are the institute where they have lactation consultant okay they have trained nurses they have lactation consultant they can go to in the hospital but still all these mothers had all these issues and you know by and large in US also they they tend to use traditional whole because you know that's that's been there for for probably generation you know so god knows how many generations but if mother had all these issues so on day three what issues were there 52% mothers they felt that they were not feeling well and the cohort was 532 first time mothers so that's a huge cohort okay 52% mothers they were not feeling well at breast 44% breastfeeding a person of mothers had breastfeeding pain and 40% mothers had perceived lack of sufficient milk so they felt that I was not getting milk okay now obviously when in a in a you know developed world when you have a big institute like UC Davis hospital who has trained lactation consultant if those mothers were showing all the symptoms and most of them left actually breastfeeding you know so then there has to be issue right and I did not figure out this issue for first five six years when I was working you know in this NGO but yes you know we did figure that it was the effectiveness of the breast breastfeeding which was the hindrance to mothers continuing breast milk or to improve you know wasting stunting and all those anthropometric measures okay so that was important now growth monitoring so growth monitoring was very important part of our program okay so here is the in this NGO what we did is basically we got all this you know small young babies to a program you know and then basically we worked a lot on you know monitoring on this babies you know growth monitoring and so here you know we had social workers who would basically take height and weight or length of this babies then we had and this all lactating mothers so we had a program for lactating mothers also where we would teach mothers her nutrition how to take care of herself and then talk about breastfeeding and complementary feeding and all that you know so it this clinic was not just for young children it was also for pregnant mothers and lactating mothers so all these lactating mothers were bringing the children you know depending upon the weight gain we would decide whether this baby would be seen in two days seven days two weeks one month you know but we had a set protocol you know so this this mother's when they would weigh their babies then they would come to you know like a doctor or nurse you know and they would be basically the data would be taken from them you know of course the history would be there we would do breastfeeding assessment imagine we were working in a very small room so we did not have any privacy you know again very contradictory to the place where I had come from you know where we had one huge room for one mother there was so much of privacy you know and unbelievable and here you know when I would tell mothers okay show me breastfeeding and so many times there were fathers there you know there were some other people there it was so difficult you know we had lack of space so this privacy is also kind of important you know in our setting that you know if anybody is coming to a clinic and if you want to assess breastfeeding it's important to have some space for mothers but we did not have it as you can see it from our if from our picture and then what would happen initially we did not have any software so we would do everything by hand we would plot all baby's growth chart you know we would do it teach mothers what food to eat for themselves and if babies were more than six months old we would tell them what to eat but this was our clinic of monitoring visits you know and our basically the follow-up of these babies I mean completely depend on the weight gain okay so babies are not gaining weight we were seeing them very frequently if babies were gaining weight we would see them once a month okay so that one-on-one counseling was very very important in our program okay now here this is in the same clinic you know once a mother brought that baby we would basically check the weight you know that weighing scale was also very important you know eventually we ended up buying a seca because seca was very very seca as a german product weighing scale very expensive so obviously initially when I came it was you know they had a salter weighing scale so on a salter you know that every time you put that baby in the salter weighing scale which I had not seen in the US at all you know and I said kept thinking that the baby was you know that weight was going here here here every time baby moved it would you know and I was used to seeing you know one gram incremental weight gain on sophisticated digital machines you know weighing scale and I said this would not work for me I mean I had to see even 15 gram weight gain and we could not make obviously figure out on a salter weighing scale whether 15 gram weight can occur in one day or two days or whatever you know so then eventually we moved to you know digital weighing scale but my goal was to get seca products so once we got some more funding we got some better weighing scales okay and this one was basically checking the length so length checking was very very important and what I see you know we are very strict on length how baby's length are checked in US okay because that's again our bread and butter but what I was seeing in in our program that all a lot of this healthcare workers you know it was very difficult to train them on length check because you know babies are very wiggly they cry you know they need lot of this holding of the head holding of the knee you know a lot of time babies would flex their knees you know they would bend their knees so it was it was important for us to do that you know so that's why like what I did and lot of time what was to happen there should be lot of kind of you know length would be wrong you know so when I would plot I said no no this can't be right length because last week it was this length and this time you cannot have increment of 3 centimeter in one week you know so then I would that we created a protocol that this length would be checked by two different individuals so then what we would do is basically you know we had two social workers so one person would basically check the length and then the other person would you know plot it and then we would have another person doing it you know again checking the length properly again second time you know whether there'll be a role reversal you know and we found that you know there was lot of discrepancies and then again we would have third person doing it so you know that I think finally they learned how to check length so it takes time you know so make sure in your program when you're when you're when you're doing maternal child health program this length checker is very very important you train your team train your staff how to check length okay because if your length is say change by two or three centimeter your child will go from normal to maybe ma'am or even Sam or even stunting you know so please that's really really important especially in first you know first few weeks of age you know another thing was basically so of course now I spoke about breastfeeding now obviously with that kind of level of training of breastfeeding counseling to mothers a lot of our babies were becoming very tall very big you know some of them were like as I showed you in the picture some of them were like becoming 10 cages by six months of age right but when those babies okay when they are big then they have good appetite okay when they have good appetite they will try everything whatever you give them they will try it okay but when you did not have a good growth in first six months of age those babies were thin those babies were cranky you know those babies are not happy cranky not eating well you know poor uptake of all different kind of foods so I strongly believe that if you want to have a good complementary feeding state you start your foundation strong okay what is your foundation some foundation strong means that you make sure that the babies breastfed well get that baby to good you know 9 10 cages 8 9 whatever 10 cages is good I mean I we have shown that results we don't so many babies we can target that because we want the children to be tall and there's a breastfed baby some not worried at all about the blood pressure or diabetes I'm not worried at all I don't know why people keep thinking whenever I put some healthy babies photographs who are excluded breastfed that oh this baby is overfed this baby is obese you guys are not worried when the babies are less than third percentile 33 36 percent children are less than third percentile in India but you are worried about children who are going more than 97 percentile on weight that to exclusively breastfed you know so I want to make sure that you know you guys understand that if babies breastfeeding beautifully and if they are gaining weight there are multiple papers out there that the BMI is much better you know this babies were growing faster on breast milk and the BMI is lower at one year of age compared to babies were formula fed okay so I don't want formula fed babies all those other babies you know cow cow milk babies to grow fast because those are the mother those are the babies who is going to develop diabetes and blood pressure but yes I want those breastfed babies to have amazing amount of milk transfer so they grow tall because I showed you and so so many I'll be showing more on when I talk about growth charge I'll show you many more you know examples of how this baby's grew leaps and bounds just on breast milk you know so it's important that you know just focus on your first six months a lot then your six months ke baat ka complementary feeding becomes much easier okay okay so here is your so this is you know Anna Prashan from one of the district Sabarkata district and you know we had done that project in 2000 late 2018 2019 and you can see this babies was just so big you know so it was a joy for you know government people to even feed them you know the complementary feeding because they would immediately take it you know and they were just so they would finish this the whole thing you know big appetite okay and even you know same in the same function basically you can see all these babies are just looking so especially the middle one you know so I think it's important it's important you know before we talk about complementary feeding it's important that our children grow well okay now this complementary feeding also we learned a lot okay believe me that many time many many actually most of the time I would say when the children were growing well on breastfeeding but at six months what would happen they growth would stagnant okay they would just not grow I mean I would keep telling asking my nutritionist I say why these children are not growing what's happening so we figured out the reason children were not growing because we were again just talking about chawal doh khichri doh usmissare sabji daalo ye karo wo karo it was everything the same thing that but what we were taught you know and it was not helping in our program children were not gaining weight and when the stagnation started in the weight the length also started stagnating so I was thinking my god we worked so hard on breastfeeding children are like at 97 percentile 85 percentile for length now children are not growing for weight obviously length is not going to grow right so we had to I mean we had to really come up with something solution for it you know and what I realized and I'm just fortunate is basically I got you know exposure or I would say training of Dr. Michael Golden okay so here in 2011 we had one concessor statement from in a kind of a pediatrics on management of SAM you know guide we were creating guidelines for pediatricians and we wanted to publish in Indian pediatrics and that's when we found that Lord this children were basically and he discussed about you know type 2 nutrients type 1 nutrients how the SAM children are lacking in type 2 nutrients and you know when so when I was attending those sessions I realized that okay so child had lack of this type 2 nutrients in and that's why they became SAM and then when you're giving those type 2 nutrients more in the form of special food which are given to which are recommended by WHO for SAM children it just kind of stuck to me that why not if we increase those type 2 nutrients in the diet of this six months old children and about in complementary foods then you would not have those children going into type type 2 nutrient deficiency right and again I will discuss about this type 1 type 2 nutrient in my other lecture but you know that's when like it just kind of you know it rung the bell or I would say you know it struck the light said maybe let's talk about this type 2 nutrient when we talk about foods you know and obviously he discussed Professor Michael Golden also discussed about 40 nutrients which are required in the diet you know and you know a lot of this programs they keep talking about iron calcium all that but none of the programs were discussing so much about the type 2 nutrient you know and that's when we came up with these recipes okay so these recipes are basically made from locally available beans and seeds and nuts and legumes and you know leaves you know like for example drumstick leaves or kari patta leaves or any of those leaves and obviously you know what happens is like when mother start food at six months they are so mono like the diet was so monotonous they would just give kichidi kichidi kichidi you know rice dal kichidi roti dipped in milk it's a little bit of vegetable here in there diet was absolutely monotonous no wonder our children were not gaining weight because we were recommending the same thing kichidi though which misare yeh sab vegetables daloh you know vitamin e rich food daloh malap malap nothing it was we were not focusing on protein as much you know and other type 2 nutrients like your magnesium your potassium you know your chloride so many other things we were not focusing at all your you know sulphur so zinc you know and because we had no knowledge we had no knowledge about what food to give which will give all this nutrition you know and the and the food that children were eating was so starch based it was very much starch based carbohydrate based you know and we realized and I really thank professor Michael Golden for giving me that opportunity to understand the importance type 2 nutrients okay so we told mothers and I will discuss about this type 2 nutrient dense food you know in my complement to feeding okay and then of course you know when we understood about this type 2 nutrients and of course important type 1 nutrients also we started creating cooking demos okay so what we would do we would ask all these mothers do and this is and this you know complementary feeding is not just about the dietary diversity but also about the amount how many times baby should be eating you know depending upon the age how to make those foods so everything was very very important you know so again you know it's one thing to tell mothers do this do that you know another thing and a lot of time we were telling that in the beginning but mothers you say you know we said okay let's start you know our cooking demos so we would bring all these mothers in the clinic okay this is a picture from our other NGO that I've been working since 2013 I've continued to work here and this is a rule-based NGO Srimati Malti Dhanukar Trust and here you know here is our team we have team of about 12 people so you know this here is a doctor there's a nutritionist you know she's a healthcare workers there's our social workers you know that we have three four nurses so here like you know we have a team of all these doctors nurses nutritionist social workers they all come come under one roof and help these children to improve their you know anthropometric measurements right that is that was my impact is to improve weight height and all that so here we would teach mothers exactly how to make you know from a locally available food which was not very expensive because you know we want to make sure these children mothers can afford the food that we are recommending we can't recommend something which is very expensive and expect them to buy those things you know we cannot say that okay buy walnut or buy almond or buy this exotic food you know we had to bring all this whatever is available locally so then what we would do is we should we would kind of show them all this ingredient and we would talk about you know nutrient content of each and every you know food and then we would feed the child right in front of the mother okay so that responsive feeding was very very important okay because lot of time you know mothers didn't know how to feed they would kind of make the child lie down and feed or you know they would force feed the child and all that was very very important part of training of this mothers okay so here we created you know from that from this ingredient you know we created this tiki you know which were which were giving to a little bit older child you know so this is about I think about eight to nine months old child and he's like enjoying that tiki which has egg which has you know so many different green leafy vegetables and you know ragi it has some ragi and then this is dal so we also wanted to show them that dal should be thick you know it should be nutrient dense over here I saw all these mothers were giving watery dal literally watery they will let me but you could choke or choke over so through cooking demo we would teach them how to make it and how to feed them okay junk food is the big problem all over the world okay and that's true even in urban slum rural areas tribal areas you go anywhere there's so much of junk food available and in our program what we found that lot of these babies were given you know biscuit by you know by four months of age marie biscuit and all these biscuits they were getting and I was very much against it so junk food awareness was very integral part of our program okay home visit was another integral part of our program where we would you know our social workers nurses nutritionists would go to mother's home and then basically see the environment around it because an environment was very important right we may tell them breastfeed karo complementary feeding karo but garpe if it's very very dirty if it's very if it's not you know clean then mother babies would definitely get diarrhea and all that right so those are those are very very important aspect of you know prevention of under nutrition so here you know there is a home visit going on and we are seeing how mother is burping the baby this is one point of a 45 points you're here you know she's making the baby sit on her lap okay but we wanted to see how she does it in the home environment and then another thing what we would see is with the and obviously whenever we would do home visit we would always have this breastfeeding doll and the baby doll breastfeeding more breast model and you know we would see whether she has prepared those powders or not whether she's kind of kept it in a clean container whether she has you know whether there is any other issues going on in the house how clean was the you know kitchen whether the how clean was it water where was she storing it so there were there was some you know 30 40 things that we were looking at and we were analyzing that how this mothers were doing at home so again that you know very rich data uh now last but not the least of course i wouldn't call it last one more point which is there i'll discuss which is very important but you know again coming from us i was used to electronic medical record okay we would using it for a long time and first four five years of course when i came to india i had to put everything on the paper you know documentation growth charts we had files which uh similarly how we would have it in us we would have a file for each child and we would not give that file to mother because i was afraid that if i would give that file to mother she would lose it so we would keep it in a clinic you know if every visitor we had some so many questions and we would fill out religiously and you know that's how we have learned growth monitoring that's how we have learned what worked what did not work but after four five years we decided that uh we need to get software okay because unless you have electronic uh data monitoring very very difficult to analyze to you know keep taking care of those files sometimes we would lose some of those files or know sometimes there would be uh the paper was drawn child was playing with that file so we had to basically switch to electronic data monitoring so we had this very sophisticated uh uh software uh amazing software you know uh and i'm so i'm so proud of uh that ngo fmch and i really appreciate uh you know dotty wagle who is the CEO of that uh fmch she's doing just wonderful work you know she got everything streamlined you know so uh not only the technical aspect of breastfeeding complementary feeding is important but streamlining the process is also very important you know putting protocols in place getting data collection data monitoring you know what works what doesn't work monitoring the program you know evaluation of overall program it's that's what she brought in that was her forte you know uh coming from us i mean that was completely her forte so she got everything streamlined and i really appreciate so we got this amazing software you know and that uh told us it would automatically kind of graph the children on wch growth chart so as soon as uh and it was all cloud-based so as soon as uh you know uh healthcare worker put in weight and height it would show up on uh our ipad or our tablet immediately to show up on my laptop and you know i could show mother look you know whatever we told you you did it and see look at the result she would be so happy to look at those growth charts so i if you want to really kind of do behavior change in mother plot your growth chart plot your growth chart because mother looks at a growth chart if she finds out that baby is not gained weight from that growth chart she will do anything whatever you tell her she will do it but mother needs to know how the child is growing okay so don't just go by saying that it na gram badna chai utna gram badna chai yeah of course you tell her that i'm expecting this much weight gain but then show her see if baby gained 40 grams this is where child is coming now okay so she understands because there's so much of myth in the uh in the practice out there not only in government sector but even in private pediatricians that you know they are saying a you know pansogram mainika badna chai that's completely wrong because if you plot that graph and show after one month the child has gained 500 gram mother will say you know so i recommend that please plot your graph you tell her what is expected weight gain and if it's not gaining weight after showing the proper technique then you figure out the problem there is an issue if if there's no if it's functional issue is taken care of then you figure out the organic cause you know but this is organic cause means we have to find out any medical condition why babies are not gaining weight okay but if we have very poor target weight then those babies are bound to get underweight in just two or three months matter of three months even babies born 3.3 kg 3 kg those people become underweight if you have target weight you know just 500 gram per month okay so again my experience from us that i brought to india uh was uh developmental classes because you know over there we have this mom and me class okay where not only kind of young children would go to mom and me class but even pregnant mothers would go to lama's class and so many other different class where you know she would stimulate that baby how we have gharpa sanskar right they also have their different ways of stimulating those babies you know in us and i feel that why we are not using that gharpa sanskar in our in our ngus and in our government setup so important you know meditation uh you know uh talk about uh you know good things read good books you know uh say some slogans if you're hindu say some prayers of any religion but you know i feel that it's important because it passes on those important you know sanskars and children and i do believe in uh you know kind of talking to babies when they are in the womb you know so here is one of our setup it's again the same program this was a temple actually you know we did not have such big place as you saw our clinic was so small so we did not have this setup so we asked one of the temple in our area if we could use that area to you know to show this developmental aspect of two mothers you know how to play with them how to massage them how to you know stimulate them how to talk to them just everything how to make some toys you know so this all and we would bring children of same age group okay so that you know for example this is uh mainly about say around three months or maybe four months old babies then from six months to nine months we would have a different you know program for developmental pediatrics we call it and then for older children we have a different program because each child is at different developmental stage so we would have different uh kind of you know praise or different uh advice for different age group so here you know we are this healthcare worker is teaching how to massage the babies okay so again you know uh again this are for people who are running different programs and also for government you know what are the point of contact for MIYC and counseling so there are so many times that especially and I have a lot of pediatricians attending this training so I want to show that you have ANC time you know you can talk about MIYC and ANC operas then you have you know during a prep room you know the early stage of labor you tell mothers that okay or even before she goes into labor during ANC time you talk about breast crawl talk about you know breast crawl or into skin during cesarean talk about labor room you know in labor room talk about that okay now baby is going to be born and you know we are going to put the baby on your tummy so that we can start early initiation so this all important contact point you know where uh not only pediatrician but ASHA ANM medical officers everybody can basically focus on those MIYC and contact point okay then you have PNC world absolutely important time period when mother is in the PNC you know post delivery she is in PHC or in hospital for two days some areas you have only for one day that's fine one day 24 hours is enough you know keep teaching them cross crawl hold in 45 points anytime mother comes for immunization you know either at PHC level or wherever look at breastfeeding do breastfeeding assessment find out if any there is an issue correct it okay unless you correct it mothers will continue doing wrong thing and you will not see good weight gain okay and then any pediatric opid if she if mother came to a pediatric opid to any opid you know for medical officers or any any opid if child came for a runny nose again ask about nutrition why do we only focus on runny nose and cough why are we only focusing on just pneumonia diarrhea ask about why did child get diarrhea why did pneumonia child get because there was a problem with breastfeeding so talk about breastfeeding talk about under the technicality skill not just breastfeeding okay that is just are you feeding baby are you eating or not I mean yes I would have eaten just one biscuit I say I am eating no the quality is important okay if you breastfeeding show me how you're doing breastfeeding show me because if you don't show her proper skill you may correct your pneumonia you may correct your diarrhea but she will go back in the community she will come back in two weeks with the same issue okay because you have not tackled the root cause the root cause is poor nutrition causing child to have pneumonia diarrhea any illnesses even runny nose and cough okay so while we are discussing about vaccines and all that please do not forget your basic fundamental of nutrition or that that's under six months is breastfeeding skills and six months onward is complementary feeding and continuation of breastfeeding okay so here I'm going to end my you know session I just talked about the framework that we worked under and if we can replicate this framework you know in our government system other NGOs other you know organizations you will definitely see results why not right because here we're really actually looking at the problem and solving the problem at the root cause so I hope you enjoyed the session and I'll see you again for the next session thank you


My name is Gabriela Lopez and I managed a database of tropical forest data collected around the world. We wanted to find a solution to give something back to the people who have collected data, tropical forest data for many years, data that help us understand how tropical forest works. We found, we were looking for a solution and we think that assigning digital object identifiers to the datasets will help us do that. Nine years ago, I started working in forestplots.net, working to provide an online application, something that can be used from researchers around the world and just go there, click, and then they can view their beautiful data that has been collected in the field. We actually go and measure each individual tree that's in a given area. Usually it's one hectare and then what we do is we measure the diameter at a given height. So you can say that we're professional tree huggers. So we also look at the height of each individual tree and the species name. So with the height, with the diameter and with the species name, you can use this information to calculate how much biomass for a plot and a forest is accumulating. And as we do this every few years, go back and visit the same trees in the same place, we can see how the forest is growing and how the forest is changing. We thought about giving digital object identifiers to our datasets because that's a way of tracking, finding the source of where the data came from, mainly because there's lots of data generated and people felt that the data was being used but it wasn't acknowledged properly. We started assigning DOIs this year and so far we have about five or six papers who have DOIs. There's lots of publications out there and you don't know where the data comes from. And also sometimes some of the debates that come is like misinterpretations about what's being published in the paper, but I think this could be easily clarified. If the data is there, you can rerun the same analysis and see if you come to the same conclusions. Everything's transparent. I contacted the Leeds University Research Data Management Group, asking them for their advice on how we proceed about assigning DOIs to our datasets. The Leeds University Library decided to support us, forestplus.net, as a case study and contact the British Library and do all the paperwork so we can get the DOIs. Once we found out about the requirements for assigning DOIs, we made sure that we could comply with all of them and the application was very straightforward. It was easy working with the Leeds University Library because I guess we had the support from Leeds University who were the intermediate. At the beginning of the year, we had a very important paper coming out. It was a paper that looked at the difference between two published satellite maps, one from NASA, and how the maps that they produced compared to maps produced with data from field campaigns, from plot data, from data on the ground. Of course, we knew that this was going to be a bit of a controversial issue, but we also wanted to make sure that everything was transparent. Part of the transparency research is making the data that was used for the paper publicly available. This was the first time in a research group that when you look at the paper, it says the data comes from and it has the DOI. It's very clearly stated where the data is and how to access it, which I think is going to make a difference. This should be standard practice.


Ladies and gentlemen, it gives me a great pleasure to be here at Davos with Mario Draghi, President of the European Central Bank. On a personal note, I should say that I've known Mario for more than 20 years. When I first met him, he was a senior official at the Italian Treasury, one of a group of European technocrats, if I could use that word. Sure. Who were involved in putting together the architecture of the single currency. That was back in 1996. Today, he is in charge of the European Central Bank at the heart of macroeconomic policymaking and at the heart of the current crisis. It could be a crisis of confidence. It could be many other things, but we're going to talk about some of these things over the next half hour. Mr. President, if we could just start with the important interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve last December. Many people thought at the time that this signalled, if you like, the beginning of the end of unconventional monetary policy, and that as a means of generating economic growth, this was a sea change. Looks slightly different today. How do you see the picture? Did that single a very important shift? Well, it signaled the improvement of the economic situation, especially in the United States, but to a somewhat lesser extent also in the rest of the world. We usually don't comment on other central bank decisions. As someone said in England in a different context, we don't do central banks. He said something else, of course. We don't do religion. Exactly, yeah. But one has to say that the decision, the Fed took, was appropriate given the position of the US economy, the recovery cycle, and it was perfectly communicated and flawlessly executed. So you'll forgive me for doing central bank once. In a while, I think that's fully deserved. Now, you obviously made some important statements yesterday, and you've put me under severe pressure, not to pressure you or not you, but to repeat the very carefully parsed performance of yesterday. But can you give us a sense from the ECB, given the Fed decision, how concerned are you that there seems to be a slight misalignment between the way American monetary policy is going and the way European and Japanese monetary policy? Well, let me step back. The different monetary policies reflect the different positions of the economies in the recovery cycle. The US recovery is more advanced than what's happening in the Euro area and in Japan, and so it's entirely natural that monetary policies do differ, and they will be on a diverging path for a while. And this will be reflected in different interest rates, but it's a normal process. So the spillovers between the two major jurisdictions would be adequately coped if the monetary policy decisions are right. But do you think that something profound has changed in 2016? No, well, 16. The new year for many people has started very badly. I'm not just talking about the stock markets, but there seems to be a different assessment of economic prospects, not just in China, but also even in America, where people generally thought the recovery was steady and underway. What's happened in the new year of 2016 that seems to have changed sentiment? Well, I think it's too early to speak about changing sentiment. There are market vibrations, gyrations. There is certainly a heightened sensitivity to risk, but it's too early to say the perspectives are changed. As far as we are concerned, we basically see a recovery that is continuing at the modest pace, but regular one. It's a recovery that's driven by consumption, differently from other occasions in the past, where there were small recoveries that wouldn't last long, driven especially by exports. Now it's been driven by consumption, and the drivers of this economy, of this recovery, are first and foremost, I'll say, our monetary policy. And also to a great extent by oil prices that support real disposable income. And also by the fact that the overall stance of fiscal policy in the Euro area has become broadly neutral, if not slightly expansionary. So all these three drivers should ensure a continuation of the recovery. There is one fourth driver ahead which hasn't still yet deployed its effect. And that is the probable increase in government expenditure that will be necessary to cope with the refugees in Europe, really. So on the growth on the opposite side, I don't think there is any reason to think that perspectives are changed. On the inflation side, however, things are different. And I've been commenting on that quite extensively in the past few days, but certainly the situation is sort of gives less reason to be optimistic from the time being. Is that largely because of the collapse in oil prices or there are other factors? It's mostly because of the collapse in oil prices, but also because of the revision of the downward revision in the growth perspectives of the emerging market economies. Which, by the way, is certainly having an impact on oil and commodity prices as well. And so the issue there is how we look basically at three factors there. First of all, we look at what we call materiality, namely the size of these effects. And then we look at how persistent they are. Of course, it's very different if they are temporary. And third and most important, we look at what we call second round effects. Namely how these lower oil prices feed into the prices of other components of the inflation, of the price index basket. Namely services, manufacturing, and so on. So that's what we look at. I'd like to ask you a non-economic question if I may. It's a challenge. I just wonder whether sometimes, from your perspective, we just expect too much of central bankers. Very difficult to answer. You know, I think most people, certainly central bankers, try to perform their tasks at their best. Try to do what is necessary based on the analysis and assessment of the situation. And try to assess also the risks that their policy measures would entail, the so-called side effects. But in the end, they are bound by a mandate. And so this is a relevant question, but it should not be used as a pretext not to act. It should not be used to say that, I'm sorry, it's not my responsibility, it's yours. The first and foremost obligation that all central bankers have is to act based on their mandate, which in our case is price stability. You've been very clear about that, but let me just go back to that point I made at the beginning, which is you were one of the co-architects along with Jean-Claude Trichet, Nigel Wicks, and others who put together the blueprint under political instruction for the euro. Do you feel a strong, deep, abiding personal commitment to try to keep the euro together? Is there something else motivating you, or is it just that mandate? Well, you're actually, I mean probably, we are not the architects, we were humble bureaucrats at the time, we were actually... Emphasis on humble. Humble, yes, exactly. Emphasis on humble. And as you said, we were actually executing instructions that gain our best. And certainly we all feel committed. I haven't seen Nigel now for many years, but I'm pretty sure if we were to meet, we would feel equally committed to the European project as I do, or Jean-Claude Trichet does. And he's British. And he's British, that's right. I promise not to ask you about Brexit. Right, please don't. So we do feel committed to the European project. We spent most of our lives really working on it. But let me just go back to, again, something very interesting, under-reported in the first few days of this year, that Wolfgang Scheuble, a committed European too, has said twice that we shouldn't ask too much, or put too much pressure on the European Central Bank. That must have been music to your ears. Well, it's certainly the right thing to say. It's an appeal to his colleagues, to the European leaders, to undertake the necessary reforms to make the euro area more homogeneous and more competitive and more resilient eventually to all shocks in the future, and certainly more resilient than it was before the crisis. Because in a way, Mr. President, what you and your colleagues, because I stress this is a collective body at the European Central Bank, that your pledge to do whatever it takes is essentially a means of creating space for the politicians to act, to take the supply side reforms to generate economic growth. Is that the right way to say it? Well, you see, again, it's a very political way to look at things. I can only restate what I said before, namely, we look at what needs to be done based on our mandate. Now, whether this buys political time to do the reforms or not, it may well be, but it's not a relevant aspect as far as we are concerned.  But it's not up to the Central Bank to have these considerations in mind when we decide monetary policy. But to use the analogy, which is sometimes used of the U.S. Supreme Court, you are not at the Central Bank monks in cells. No, certainly not. But we got to be careful that to have our attention and focus on the mandate and not to get lost into the many, many other political considerations that would lead us to deviate from our mandate. Okay, let's turn to the question of, well, it's not a question. It's probably one of the most serious issues facing the European Union today, which is the refugee crisis. I mean, extraordinary numbers of people coming into the European Union, particularly Germany. One million this last year, perhaps another million this year. Do you see this as an existential threat to the European Union in the sense that Schengen may well be suspended, a threat to the single market, or do you see this as perhaps an opportunity? Let me say that each time I'm asked a question about this problem, the first reflection that comes to my mind is how narrow and limited is an economist's perspective with respect to this, and how little we know about this issue.  It's a challenge for sure, and it would be foolish to ignore the size, the extent of the challenge. Our society will be changed by this, in which direction we can only guess. It's also premature to know how long it will take to transform this challenge in an opportunity. But if there is determination and confidence, you see, that's the most important thing, because the size of the challenge could actually undermine the confidence, make fear prevailing over any other consideration, and then the challenge is lost. I don't think we are there, actually we are all working to make it into an opportunity. And I think if we go back to what I was saying, hinting at before about the recovery, the expenditure, the government expenditure that will be needed to cope with this challenge could actually turn out to be the large public investment project we had for a great number of years. And possibly, as you say, an extra stimulus to growth, because actually the growth story in the Eurozone over the last ten years has been pretty poor. I mean, to quote Larry Summers, it's a terminally tepid growth. Yes, and certainly one of the reasons for such low growth is the demographics. Certainly it doesn't help, and this might change. But again, we shouldn't ignore the size of the challenge, the difficulty of this challenge, namely, and that has to do with a variety of things, the degree of education of the refugees, the age, the countries themselves, especially I would say the countries themselves, how prepared they are, how willing they are to invest in this project, how organized they are. The impression is that, and finally, and perhaps right now, even most importantly, how willing they are to cooperate, because it's quite clear that without cooperation it becomes a challenge that it's hardly won. There hasn't been much cooperation so far, though, on the refugee crisis in terms of European burden sharing. It's not happened. Well, I think it will happen. I'm actually pretty confident that it will happen, that the reasonable agreement will be found. And the reason why I'm confident is ultimately the inevitability of this phenomenon will make people understand that there is no choice other than coping with vision, boldness, courage, without fear, with the process itself. Not to cooperate means to ignore the challenge and to ignore it that will not make it disappear. If we look back just a year ago, all the talk was about Grexit. That seemed to be the existential question for the Eurozone 12 months ago, much has happened since terrorist attacks, as you say, the refugee crisis. Can we just have a word on Grexit? Is that now off the table? Well, we are in a much better situation than we were, say, last June. The Greek government undertook significant progress, made significant progress in making reforms in fiscal consolidation. And what we call the two sets of milestones of this program have been achieved. Negotiations are taking place this very moment. There are mostly, I would say, three areas where the discussions are taking place. One is what are going to be the fiscal targets for 2018 and 2019. The second point is the pension reform, which seems to be a key point in the policy discussions, namely that the pension was very simple to say. Of course, it's very difficult to do, but it's namely that the pension system should be sustainable. And the third point is the financial sector reforms. Now, Greek banks have been capitalized, but there is still a high level of non-performing loans. So how to deal with this problem will require some changes in the financial legislation and a process whereby these loans could be sold so that the banks could actually fully engage in giving credit to the private sector of the Greek economy. And discussions, as I said, are taking place this very moment. I'm pretty sure that an agreement will be found so that the first review could be successfully concluded in speedily and successfully concluded. And speed is of the essence, by the way, because the sooner this is concluded, the sooner the Greek economy will go back to a normal situation where the private sector will get credit, and also the government will get enough financing to undertake the public investment projects that Greece needs. One of the problems, of course, as I think it was George Soros said last night, Greece is a nation with no state. I'm not sure I understand. Well, is George in the audience? No, he's not. This is actually, he didn't say that. I just misquoted him. Sorry, George Soros. The problem being that the state just isn't strong enough. Yeah, but that can be said on many other countries. Why are you looking at me? I think that was a central banker's elliptical comment about Scottish independence. Don't make me say things. If you look forward, though, to 2016, what are the priorities for the central bank? Well, I kind of briefly mentioned them before. I mean, just as far as we are concerned, the continuation of the economic recovery, and second, the convergence of the inflation path towards our objective of rate of inflation, which is close but below 2%. And as you say, you are somewhat short of that 2% target. Indeed. Just how much ammunition have you got in your pocket? Well, we've plenty of instruments. I made these comments yesterday during the press conference, so there's no point in repeating them, and we've plenty of instruments. And especially, we have the determination and the willingness and the capacity of the Governing Council to act and deploy these instruments. Over the last three and a half years or so since you've been in office. Longer. It's longer, four years. Longer, four and three months. By the way, this is the closest you'll get to a central bankers' confession. He's counting every minute. But has there been anything, I know you don't normally engage in such things, but if you could share with this audience, one or two things that you've learned or that have surprised you since arriving in Frankfurt? Well, I don't know, really. I mean, I had many jobs in my life, and this was a question I was often asked, was there anything that surprised you in this job? And I was never able to answer really. It's probably, things do surprise me after they have happened. But at the time, I mean, I have no idea. I mean, you see, if you live in the present, you're hardly surprised. And this is a job where you do have to live in the present. Yeah, it's better, so yeah. That's probably better than living in the past. I want to just ask you one more technical question, Mr. President. This is this issue of banking supervision. At the moment, there are new rules which have come into place on bail-ins for banks and the assessment of non-performing loans. And you've had quite a serious problem in Portugal and an issue also in Italy, in your native country. It's always difficult, by the way, for the head of the central bank to how he deals with, or she would deal with the country back home. But can you just tell us, I mean, is the ECB see this question of heavy banking supervision, something as a poison chalice, or what? Just since you mentioned the two countries, first of all, the two situations are different. But one thing that's probably not sufficiently considered is that the ECB is not the resolution authority. So that means that the way these bail-ins are being implemented in different countries depends, first and foremost, on the resolution authority, which, until the end of last year, was the national authority. And there is no uniform rule or regulation until now that tells how to implement bail-ins in the same way across different countries. So he had one way was done in Portugal, he would get another country, they may well do it a different way. And so my auspice, my wish would be that the current directive then is translated into a regulation, which actually ensures uniformity of bail-in implementation across countries. Now having said that, now there was a big confusion, I think, in my native country. And the key thing is, we did, as a supervisor, we did the comprehensive assessment, which terminated a few months ago. This assessment of the bank situation in the whole of the Euro area identified fully all the MPLs at that time and identified the necessary provisions and the necessary capital increases following that assessment. Now the SSM, the supervisor, sent a questionnaire, which apparently was read as implying new requests. There was a mistake in reading. The questionnaire only wanted to look on how banks deal with MPLs because we are the first to be aware that it takes years to deal with the MPLs. It's not a matter that can be dealt with urgency. It's a good example, it's given by Ireland. Ireland has been struggling with the MPLs for years. So the supervisor's objective was to see what are the different national practices that are used to deal with MPLs. And then later on we could orient towards the best practices. Nothing more than that. So it's not going to be any new unexpected request of provisions or capital coming stemming from this exercise. And I did say this in pretty clear terms yesterday and I restated today. Thank you. I'd like to now ask what might be described as a historical philosophical question. If you look at Treaty of Rome, first invoked the notion of an ever closer union. And if you look at the evolution of the European Union over the years, you've had the single market and then the single currency. And looking at the eurozone we talked about this principle of convergence. Do you now, looking back and living in the present as you do, do you think that this notion of linear development is actually wrong? It's not all moving towards an ever closer union. It's something different. Well I think I would, I don't think people when they said ever closer union, I don't think they had in mind a linear process. They had in mind a process which probably because these people were reasonably intelligent. They would also imagine as quite bumpy. And that's what we are living through but it's no question even in the account you just made about the fact that this union has become closer and closer. Through going through one crisis after another one. And I think someone said don't let a good crisis waste. Don't waste a good crisis. I think you're quoting Churchill again. Yeah but wrongly I guess. No, no, no. Well, anyway. You need a pipe. I need a pipe. I'm just conscious of time. But the, just the, the, if you think of events today. Yeah. This is, we are living in a, in a, in a crisis. If you think of the refugee problem, the terrorist attacks in Paris. The notion that Schengen may be, but it's suspended in name. I mean, these are really multiple threats to, to the process. And in that sense, it's me talking not you. It puts almost a bigger premium on, on the institutional, on the institutions that you have as a, as a kind of force for stability. Is that something you'd be able to comment on or? I can, I can actually make a short comment on that. It's certainly true. It is certainly true. It's, it's a moment when, when all the European leaders are trying to, are trying to drive their people closer to the common European interest. In a way that is respectful of democracy. What has changed with the crisis? And what, what is always true with crisis is that there can't be a purely elitarian process towards. Elitist, yeah. Elitist process towards, but has to be a fully democratic process. And that's what's happening. That's what crisis actually produce often. And that's why after each crisis is coped and resolved, the democracies are stronger. And the common effort, the common journey towards a closer union is getting more and more determined. Mario Draghi, thank, thank you. I won't call you Super Mario, but. No, please. Thank you. Mario Draghi, thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, I hope you've enjoyed the conversation. It's been very good to see you. Thank you. Thank you.


So in terms of devices and electrophysiology, everybody knows about the pacemaker, you know? That was the first tried and true device, is that correct? Yes, that's exactly right, one of the first ones. So can you tell me about some innovations in the pacemakers? I mean, I'm certain we've come quite a long way. Yes, we have. So like a lot of things, it's miniaturization. That's one of the biggest advances that's been made. And in the case of pacemakers, miniaturization isn't just something that you say, well, the smaller, the better. It's actually, it makes a major difference, a significant difference in patient outcomes. Smaller devices, smaller pacing leads mean that there's less damage, mechanical damage, mechanical trauma to the body, the risk of, if you do it in some of the work that we're doing without even having a wire or a pacing lead, those leads often can fracture, they can get infected, so you're eliminating that variable. You're making the procedure, you're making the technology safer for the patient.  And every time you do that, there's more scar tissue, the risk of complications increase. So, and those are the things that we are really, really laser focused on at this point.


The study found that increased access to antiretroviral therapy led to a significant increase in life expectancy among HIV positive patients in Rwanda, with the highest life expectances for those enrolling in care with CD for cell counts of 500 cells per L or more and WHO disease stage I. This article was authored by Sabin in Zanzimana, MD, Eric Remerah, Master of Science, Steve Cantiz, Master of Science and others.


Are you moving or traveling to New Zealand? Well, I have a resource for you that is going to be so helpful. I know that journey. I have done it firsthand. I've even done it twice. I understand what you're going through. It's so exciting, but so daunting at the same time. You have so many questions and have no idea exactly what to do about different situations, especially if you've never even been to this country. And so this resource is something that I have created is called the New Zealand training hub. And what it includes is video training on how to set up life here, understanding the culture, understanding how things work here. And so it gives you like that head start. So if you're a planner or someone that like kind of, there's enough new things that it would be nice to just understand how to do things in a new country. So if you are that person, this training hub is for you. Not only does it do all of those videos, but it has a community built in. So when you join the training hub, you get access to the community of people on the same journey as you. These people could be like your best friends and they probably will because all of us have made a friend when we first moved here that we're kind of going through the same thing. And that's who we learned everything from, but they also didn't have someone like me helping them out with some video training. And in addition to that, you will have access to me every month. I'll do a live Q&A just to answer any questions that might not get answered in the training. You can also request additional trainings. There's really no reason to not check this out. So why does it make sense for an American to be talking about what life is like in New Zealand? Well, let me tell you why, because a New Zealander knows no different. And so it needs to be someone who has come into the culture and saying, Oh, this is different. Now, I don't know everything. I only know my own experience, but I am a really good resource to say, Hey, this is how they do this here. This is probably not how they do this in your country. Or maybe it's different. And so you really need that outside person that knows the differences. So if you're moving or traveling to New Zealand, this training hub is for you. Check it out.


Misinformation comes for all of us. Here are five ways to fight it. Number five, limit how much you read next door or watch local TV news.  Number four, don't get news from social media like Twitter or TikTok. Those experts, most of them are not experts. Number three, curate your own reliable news sources and then read them intentionally. I read my news in the morning like a morning newspaper. BBC, Wall Street Journal, Economist for World Stuff and Deadline in the LA Times for my local. Number two, treat 24-7 TV news channels like dessert or alcohol, consume them in moderation if at all. Don't expect nutritional value. At number one, look at what's actually around you. Are eggs still out of stock? No, is that shop packed? Maybe it's not being boycotted. Be careful what you put in your brain just like you're careful what you eat. And hey, if you could support us, Patreon.com slash DTNS. See you there.


So, you really wish you could open Blender without having to delete this goddamn cube every single time. Well not a problem. In the next 45 seconds, you'll never have to see that annoying mug ever again. Alright, let's do this. Delete whatever you want. In my case, I only use Blender for exporting animations. I never use Blender's camera, their lamp, or this silly cube they keep trying to give me. So I'm going to delete it. Also, personally, I like to have two windows open with one of them set to info. So in order to make sure that the program starts looking like this by default, go to file and then select save startup file. You're done. Now, every time you open the program, it will look exactly the way you told it to. If you ever regret your decision, you can always go back to the file and load factory settings to reset Blender back to normal. I hope that helps. Thank you so much for watching. If you enjoyed this video, please don't forget to like and subscribe. Hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


There we go How's it going everybody doctor no you're back with some more dragon ball fighters ranked matches But this one is going to be a bit different because we are once again going to be hopping into ranked with a total beginner Taking control of the sticks. That's right. I have my sister back here on the channel a lot of people request this I don't know why I guess the video got picked up in the algorithm But got a lot of comments about this recently and just so happened to be in town So we might as well hop back in a rank and see what you can do.  I can't I'm I can't leave unless I win It's more for me at this point. So go ahead pick your team. I want this one No, you can change individual characters. It's where That you can change characters Okay, I'm only gonna change this guy cuz I like the moth guy and I like beers now Why do you call jeer in the moth guy? All right So I actually watched one of these videos before cuz I forgot how but at the beginning of each of these We did a dragon ball quiz where I showed you characters and you had to say who they were. So who's this? Goku no, that's dragon Go Jida that's raddits Goku's brother. Oh, hi. Who's this? Broly yes, that is dragon ball super broly. I saw an episode with him Episode he's in the movies. Who's this? Oh? What do you mean? That's the broly. Okay, that's dragon balls. He probably all right That concludes the quiz section of this and now we're ready for ranked matches wait So real people were just jumping in again. Yeah. Oh, how am I ever gonna learn?   Can you take over? No? Just win Just win. Yeah, just win. You know what to do. Just talk through your strategy that way people know at home What you're doing? All right, so this is Super Saiyan blue gojita. I want to watch it He's also from the moon red Krillin looking nice. All right, go ahead.  All right Why are you? Why are you approaching so slow? There you go nice after which that's a DP assist You have to block again flows. You can't master it. This can't be fair All right now remember when you're getting hit you want to hold a button in the direction That's in case he drops is he can pop out like that.  I'm hitting them All right, I you want to get a little closer to it. I feel like he's a little too good I remember when you're getting hit, you know what to do But I think you go pop up and it will match on them. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah mix ups You got a block there go ahead. Oh nice tag.  What do you got? Oh, I don't know what happened.  Cross-ups overhead just keep mashing. It seems to be working nice jumping to age Get him out of there. All right. You're dying. You're losing What are you doing? All right, you're not dead though wake up quarter circle back square and triangle. Oh You should have done it it would have worked What watch this watch this watch this roll it back square and triangle roll it back square triangle, okay? Roll, okay, but don't need when he's close to you when he's close to you then you roll it back. They go boom get him Here you go. Just roll it roll it roll it. No DP I don't know Roll it back you're really good forward. Yeah, that was good. That was fine. Oh my god. I'm shitting on him Few hits. All right, you want to get close to him and then roll it back this game is a lot It's making me nervous for no reason just focus. I don't I don't need to be nervous Why are you breathing? Why are you breathing? He thinks your controller. I'm plugged. All right, master. She's uh, okay. He's got combos Look at him.  Just focus. I still got a player and you still have a spark too. Do you remember how to use that? No Just hit both the triggers There you go maximum power. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah Roll it forward roll it forward roll it at your opponent.  He thought he had those. Why are you throwing?  Oh, that was literal Yeah, you got put in a literal jar. Honestly, I'm not mad about that one.  No, no back out Rematch it one more time. All right win this time You like them blocks like them you have to hold down back to block a lot She told me that I thought I did. I didn't know it was different if my character was shorter No, that that doesn't affect it. All right medium kicks. What do you got now? Oh, he gives me a chance All right, you're still throwing sensing beans That means you're rolling it back and hitting medium Hey, how do I not block? Hey, hey, that's a command grab and you can't block command grabs You have to jump that Or back dash but go ahead your character's in now. What are you gonna change about it? All right, all right Combos oh dropped it combos. Oh What am I doing? What do I keep doing when you throw your hands up?  Oh, no, did you just get me to do? Why dude? So embarrassing Wait, maybe it wasn't a to do it's looking like a to do. Oh, no He just brought you from a hundred percent to zero. Can I play? So, how would you rate your first game? Um, what are we rating on like did I have fun? How did I do? What just what you thought overall? Seven out of ten I feel like I did kind of good. Not bad. Not bad for me. I feel like it's good I don't want him though anymore. Well, you can't you first the two. Okay. Good. Any stethos? Good Wait That's not good, but maybe he meant it in a positive way. All right. So what you want to do here is Win you said you wanted to win a lot. So win So take everything you've learned And put it into this one game. Okay Why are you looking down at the controller like that? I feel like I really have to learn much Go ahead All right You want to block against that that's fine All right, he's uh charging the first spear bomb. All right. How are you feeling right now? Parable This is a hard knock that you want to get off the floor.  No, you haven't hit him yet. But now with your jeering's out. So go ahead Yeah, something like that something like that Oh, you got hit with the sea assist. I haven't even touched him yet. Yeah another level three now You don't want to get perfected. You do want to at least touch him once. Okay. Okay. Okay. Just don't get perfected Okay, that would be really embarrassing easy that would for sure get me tweeted at and made fun of All right, you're gonna all bounce back now. This is this is your time Remember you can spark as well And the the quarter circle motion you already know that I'm definitely touching them. I'm definitely definitely touching them All right. Oh, there you go super dash. Oh, let's go win that we win those Oh, all right, you might want to spark now. Do you remember? No the triggers Oh He's got combos. He's got combos. Just don't lose your don't lose your patience All right, remember you could have teched that What does that mean? You could have held the button in a direction you would have been saved. But it's fine sparky Double triggers No, you could Oh, you could have teched that, please Let me have the bots. You've got Let me beat the bots. What you can't beat bots. That's not you don't get any pride from that. All right, hearing's posing What are your thoughts? I'm scared All right, skip this Let me have a moment I'm gonna let you Why are you just jabbing the ground? Nice. We got the first hit second hit too. All right, a little bit of a combo You didn't do too much off of it, but we got another one remember square Just keep hitting that square. Would you get that hit? Nice? We had a little something going there, but you tensed up again. You quiet it down. Okay. Okay You're right. I gotta loosen up. Yeah. Yeah, go ahead win There you go. There you go. Hit the square button. Maybe triggers for sparking if you want Oh Spits up quarter circle forward. Ah, fine. Oh, that was a fake one Oh, it's fine. Tech out like beautiful tech just like we practiced Superdash Tags we're doing it. You're doing it cross ups. Oh, we jabbed you out of it block block block. Sometimes you got to Okay, okay. There you go. There you go. Oh, he's jabbing dude. Oh throw the orbit. He's reflecting Oh, there we go. No There you go. Just keep bashing. We got him. We got him on the ropes now. I got him. I got him.  I got him. You got one. That's pretty good. All right. Now get this next one. Okay. Okay Oh trade Behind the back Orb into a jab, but he didn't see you coming. Oh, no, you dropped it. Push it at him Come on now How do I do that? You can't tell me to come on. I don't know where Nice. You can't block the 6m. All right. Now this character can to do you you've already been to do once though So you've seen it before Okay, this place a block. There we go. Nice block.  There we go. Mash on this man. Mash on this man. Mash on this man All right, I do it again. Oh no Okay, that's okay. That's fine. That's only one of three characters as long as you don't choke this away Just don't lose you have a good lead Okay Nice now Oh Oh, that's huge He's scared. He's scared. He's charging up the spirit buff.  Watch your toes. Watch your toes Uh, you're dead. I died. I'm dead. You're probably dead. No. No. Don't say that. Uh, you're probably don't say that Don't say that. This is the boss character. He's so negative.  Remember hold the button just in case hold the button in direction It doesn't look like he made a mistake though This kaioken. No, no, that's okay. You've been toity twice today I don't even know what that means. He just touched a death. Uh, he just destroyed me All right. Now you have your sparking too. So don't let him walk away with this wind. Don't let him come back on you There we go. Uh, uh, don't forget the triggers the triggers to activate your maximum power You're dead. No Why do they never let go? How do they keep going? No, you're dead How do they just keep going? That was pretty good nine out of 10 I had 10. I'm gonna get it. We had such a good chance at a win there though. Okay. Well, what do you expect perfection? I'm doing my best. You said you wanted a win. That was the golden opportunity. I'm still happy with it I mean, I guess that's that's all right. Oh, this is the lowest rank so far. Nice The lowest rank so far now. That's not saying his win rate's pretty good. So he could just be on the come up So am I I don't know if I would describe what you're doing as the cover, but uh, you know, I guess All right. It's another jeering player a lot of jeering players a lot of mothman's out here. He's good. He's good Yeah, jeering's a pretty good character. Now.  Unfortunately, you let it slip. I know I'm trying to get better at my defense It's killing me clearly. All right. Now you do have the triggers available at any time You want probably want to hit those triggers now Go ahead hit the hit the trigger. You know, I hit the triggers and they don't do anything You're hitting one of the triggers, which is super dash, which is still good But in your case, you want to bolt the triggers at the same time. You said he's the lowest level But he built so far. Yes All right. Good tag got you hit though. You know, mash on him. Mash on him Mash on him Oh, let's love the defense. Good blocks. Good punish as well. You're over them. Mix ups Yeah, you're getting hit there How do you play this game on the daily? All right, you want to use your triggers now? All right, that's fine.  You're hitting the buttons, aren't they?  Now. Remember everything. Remember the triggers remember the quarter circle back square and triangle Let's go Oh, god. Who is that? There you go. There you go. Mash on him. Wait, which one am I? You're the red one Oh I was looking at the wrong guy that orb is flying menacingly All right triggers same time Along with defense hold the button down under direction Your hands are doing the right things right now. Harder knock down. You got to wake up hit both the triggers Yeah, no these two triggers these two. That's why you were getting that wrong. What do you mean? I've been hitting these two these two these two no these two not not the ends You've got to be kidding those you couldn't have looked sooner Yeah, I didn't think you got that confused. You've just been that button does nothing All right, run it back. Let's run it back. Run it back. Run it back. Now. You know where you've been going wrong Yeah, yeah, yeah My pink square is probably on the edge of death right now. See that nice and easy. Yeah, you probably should have saved it I don't know why you used it now. I was testing it. Yeah, that's fine We this is our last chance, so might as well test it. All right. That was a combo You could have teched out of you probably distracted though and now we've lost the sparking That's fine. So forget about the triggers for now. Okay.  Let's go offense mix ups. Oh, we counted you Why I thought I caught on No, Jira does counter. I haven't even touched him. Not yet.  You're out. Oh, let's go Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, all right. He's just blocking. He's respecting you. Oh You got to keep the pressure. Yeah, you gotta keep that square. Get there. Get there. Get there.  I know that's what I'm saying. What's happening. It's 19 frames.  No No, how would I not get that? Oh When you slide them down on the ground, that's when you got a quarter circle forward square and try What is it this just whatever direction they are and then boom Play the game Try it. Try it. Try it for fun Oh, no Is this how you're gonna go out? I guess Wake up wake up. Yeah. Yeah get up. Yeah I really am trying hard I'm doing the best I can right now These tools have been used for generations So this is your game plan. Okay. I need you to mash square. I need you to mash these assist buttons. Okay at all time Gotcha, that's what you need. That's a success. Do I do anything with the pad? Yeah, you can move You ought to be able to move. Okay, but at all times you need to mash and hit square I've equipped you with the finest tools a craftsman could want and this will be the final game What happens if I lose?  All right, walk me through your steps Let's go. Which one of my you're the blue hair. Oh, let's go. Oh, throw this man Mash mash. Remember you're doing good so far so far. The strats are good You could have teched that you could you could have teched that you want to hold it when you're getting hit I don't even know buttons. That's fine. Just use square. They go fast. Boom. Bam. Let's go I've given you the best tools just get in his face and do that. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah That's the tool to win now get there That's a good hit on his party. Your sister coming back. Get ready for those those left triggers now fire Oh, no, we lost this man. That was fast. That was fast. Okay.  I just switched. Yeah, you just switched Do I do I hit these assist buttons at the same time? And you can just hit them whenever they're up or you can hit the triggers now to spark They go mash on them Oh, this isn't working out. No, it's not No Hit the triggers. No All right, it might be time to spark you're around a spark Yes, okay. Yes. I remember though. That's good Oh, no All right, just hit keep mashing those and hold the button remember the whole button lag They go click it. Click it up. Calm down. You just want to hit the triggers right now Triggers and back to block they go. Oh, you got a block. No, no triggers. Oh, no No, wait, wait. Oh, I thought I was hitting them. We look too alike What you look nothing alike these games are too fast. I stand no chance. All right Just one more try. We have one more try to get a big win. Calm down. Let's let's run the strap back Run the strap. I know all the buttons. I know how to spark Yeah Remember you the assist the left triggers There you go. All right. Good. That's fine. Yeah, that's pacing up.  Oh right there Oh Right there. What when you're getting hit you can just relax on the buttons All you need to do is hold it and hold down Oh, you know, you just take that time to relax and remember to be blocking blocking ready and also ready to test I think I'm blocking now. Look at what you're getting hitting. All right. Now. It's time. Now.  Oh, you got a hit. I didn't even notice Oh, whoa. Whoa. There you go.  Let's go. Keep that up.  Oh, that's not me. I'm really confused about who I am right now See you switch my I'm the little guy. I'm small Yes All right, maybe now it's time to just mash the court of circles and hit every button on the face Let's see if we can pull out. I do you have it for the next character Just rotate everything and mash all the buttons at once.  I'm doing that. You got a superhero, but it was just the right one. Oh, no Oh, no mash Oh I I can't do this Maybe if you uh spent the first two videos training me we could have been better. I did I dodged you everything All right, so these are the beginner lobbies Okay, I like that. Well, that doesn't mean you can enter these without being a beginner So do that. That's terrible. Who would go on the internet and lie one eternity later Okay, you can skip this if you want that's your character. You're the blue guy blue guy. Okay, go ahead There you go. Take your time. Take your time patience All right Oh, there you go open above combos combos Woo combos Talk talk your way through this.  I killed him. No, you're dead But he's pretty low.  I think I I think I get too excited Problem. Yes. I just you just want to calm down then. Okay. You are getting calm right now You want to block low? That time you wanted to block high At least you you block low. That's the I cannot keep up. I got a block low there So just hit you got to be faster than okay. We're good. Okay. Just keep moving keep on the move What what what they go kick this man kick this man Oh You saw the block though.  There you go. Nice. Nice. Wow some thinking. Let's go Oh, you want to block. I think I tried because you backed us because you blocked and feared it They go that time you swung on they go swing on them again Now do you remember the level three? Yeah, try it try it I don't know. Calm down. Remember roll it and then the buttons roll it in the button Relax Remember you can do it when you're relaxed or just relax Block block block hit him with the super oh that works mash him on the way home Super now you got to do it now No, I'm really really trying like I'm trying to take my time and everything. It's not working. We'll just do it faster than Oh, nice block. We've got a block low. Oh, no, that was pretty good. That's pretty good. So when can I roll? It's the last game. Tell me when to roll. All right. I'll tell you just for now. Play your game I'll tell you when to think about it. Nice block. Oh, fortunately, you didn't you didn't block her too long Nice. He dropped it. Remember tech. There you go Oh, man, I find assist Oh my, I made a chance Just focus. All right, tech again You text way too late. Oh, there you go I don't know about that one. I don't know about that one. What what one you got hit. Oh tech. Oh So it is tech mean block. No tech is when you you're getting hit. You just hold the button into direction What is it? Okay. That's just when you're getting hit. Nice block. Nice block. Oh Okay, you're out. You're out. There you go. Now it's your turn.  There you go. That was a super. So you technically rolled it. You still don't have enough bar to do the real super though Okay, okay That's fine. Um, you might want to switch out. How do I do that? Just hold the tag as that assist button All right, you guard cancel that works Nice block and you punch the system. Oh, you're moving Ah, you just weren't in range. You weren't in range. You were thinking though All right, you guard cancel the game. She's a lot of fun Nice You're on two on the offensive here.  I can spark spark spark I don't know what that means Too many things at once This is true. Yeah. All right, you're down No, oh god, you gotta get it. Okay. It's time for the super if you hit the super at least we can finish with some confidence So it's time roll it back That was forward, but that was a super roll it back. Do it again. Oh no do it again You hit the right bugs There we go. Maybe yeah, bud. Did I do it? Wait, wait, wait, did I do something good though? You did until you got erased This game is too hard way too hard final thoughts I'm confused I'm conflicted I don't know how to feel I know I didn't win. I'm disappointed in that aspect, but I do like it like it's fun and I definitely would Like to learn like play by myself. I guess But there's just a lot of pressure with you Well, maybe we'll do this at some point in the future if you all want to see that if you do, of course Just let me know your favorite moment down below in the comment section or hit the like button and subscribe to the channel And check out some of the other videos that should be on your screen right now if they catch your eye Other than that, I have been Datsudoya and I will see you in the next one any closing words Please bring me back


Well, back here in Lagos, the police says the command is investigating threats by the indigenous people of Biafra, Ahipop and Yoruba separatist groups. Commissioner of Police Hakim Odumosa has vowed that no breakdown of law and order or attacks on soft targets will be tolerated. Odumosa spoke at a stakeholders forum on security, which governor Babajdi Somolu presided over. The CEP said the command was aware of agitation for the Odwa Republic by some secessionist and the threats don't disrupt law and order in the state. Now, the police chief disclosed that 24% belonging to the groups have been identified and have been closely monitored.