So, welcome back to all the remote centers, I hope all of you had wonderful and fruitful session of breakout sessions that we had today from 11.30 to 3.30, we were going through many of the interactions and it was like with very minimal instructions to the remote centers, we saw that many remote centers were doing excellent work like clarifying the audio video related issues, trying to enable desktop sharing, then also suggesting different kinds of ideas on how to share, putting up schedules, when should each participant present etc. and uploading those things into the view making others as presenters. So, I mean with even minimum of scaffolding, we see that lot of the remote centers had taken it up onto them and tried to generate a meaningful interaction with everyone. So, I congratulate each and every remote center for making that breakout session so engaging and so fantastic. You would have seen us coming and posting messages in chat where we were guiding you at some point. So, it was not totally that I mean we ourselves were bit skeptical at the start of this session on how effective this could be, but you have what should I say, you have shown us that the trust that we had in you was completely repaid and we saw some excellent suggestions that were coming from different participants. So, without much ado, I will start this session. So, this is about what happened till now, why we were doing it. We will have Professor Fatak join us at 5 o'clock. So, we will also I mean one thing that you should be doing is you should be telling as you should be telling Professor Fatak what happened over the past four hours and how effective it was for you or how challenging it was for you to do the A-view sessions on your own. So, first let me start with the rationale, the reason why we had this breakout group. Now, as all of you know, immediate practice is what you would require after learning the content to effectively integrate the knowledge that you have learnt across the past few weeks. So, we had lot of these activities in the past two weeks and you we had A-view sessions with you yesterday. Now, it was a time to see whether you were able to make sense of this, whether you were able to understand why these activities were done and whether you were able to present a coherent story to your peers and get your doubts clarified. So, knowledge integration through sharing and Q&A with your peers is was the primary rationale why we had these breakout activities. And we had selected the pedagogy of breakout groups so as to ensure that there is active participation from each participant. Now, see when I am doing an A-view session like this, I am transmitting I am always talking from my end. There is no active participation that is coming from the participant side except for few chat messages. And since there are lot of participants, so we have close to 3000 participants, it will be really hard to engage each and every participant. And we had to move from information transmission to facilitation. So, as to increase the engagement of the participant and to have good retention at the end of the FDP. Now, in the last FDP, we had seen that out of 7000 participants close to 5000 participants successfully completed FDP. And one of the reason for this was a mentor mentee interaction. So, we had top performers from the first FDP that we had conducted act as mentors to these what do you say the new participants of this FDP. And we had scheduled A-view interactions between the mentor and the mentee. Now, there were 170 mentors and they were literally scheduling A-view sessions, two A-view sessions in the first FDP to clarify the doubts of the mentees. So, one mentor had close to 50 mentees under him or her and there was consistent interaction between them. So, we understood that there needs to be lot more engagements between remote centers, participants across remote centers. And it should not be limited to just them hearing the information that we are presenting to come on a Saturday and Sunday. So, that was the first main reason why and that was the objective also that A-view sessions need to be more about the learner that is the faculty participants from remote centers. That is the reason why we had these breakout group and typical success of a breakout group happens when there is careful planning and clear objective along with clarity in instructions. Now, over here I know that we had the handicap that the instructions were verbally communicated to all of you in a session just before it. Now, this was a conscious decision from our end just to see how it goes. So, you all remember this slide that I showed yesterday. We had to implement higher order thinking in FDP 101 both as an individual learner and within RC and one way in which we were doing it is through group activity inside RC and the way in which we were going to evaluate it was peer review through A-view presentation. So, that is what you had done today.  And in fact, it went beyond just presentation. We heard lot of good discussions happening between remote centers and we also saw chat discussions happening in their chat through your chat window. So, now is the time that we actually do an evaluation of what happened from our side also from IITB side also. So, we have back to back polling questions that will come to your screen in a moment. So, the first poll question that we have for you is regarding the effectiveness of the. So, let us say the number of peer groups who were present in the A-view interaction just now. So, let us see the question. So, the question is how many peer RCs from your group? So, each group had around 10 RCs 9 to 10 RCs grouped into one group. So, after now that you have had your interaction we would like to know how many of your peer RCs from the group presented through A-view. So, the poll will come just now. No, no, no, for all. So, this poll is for everyone. So, the question I will just display in the screen. So, it will be the poll would be visible to you right now. So, a pop-up would be coming at your end. So, we see varied responses. So, there are around 16 RCs who are saying 18 RCs who are saying that all of their peer groups presented. There are close to 20 RCs who say that around 90 percentage of them had presented. There are some in which there was less than 60 percent. So, let me just see how many RCs said that around 8 RCs are saying that less than 60 percentage of them were able to present. So, this is something that we should be looking about. So, though majority are saying that they had more than 90 percentage of their peer groups attending the session. It is concerning, it is slightly concerning us that there are around 9 RCs who are saying that less than 60 percentage of them were able to present. So, we will actually look into it more. So, let us go to the next poll question. The next poll question is about the audio video quality of the interaction. So, the question is how was the audio video quality of the interaction? You could have you could say it was always very good or it suffered issues. Most of the session had audio issues or the entire session was disturbed because of audio video issues. So, if I am looking at the results, I see that there was one RC who are saying that the session was full of audio video issues and around 11 of them who are saying that most of the time they faced audio video issues. We were also seeing some of them while we were exploring each group, each group's discussion from morning. We will definitely work on giving you better guidelines and better suggestions. So, in fact, for each RC, there is an aviu documentation that has been shared with your aviu coordinator where we actually give you how you can maintain better visual quality, how to maintain good audio quality, what you should do when there are some audio issues like how to increase the gain, how to ensure that the video is focused on the video is focused on the participants while they are discussing. So, we will try to make sure that this is ensured more strictly from the next time so that these breakout sessions can be effective for all the participants. Now that we have known about what do you say, the audio video quality and the strengths within the aviu session, the next thing is now think about what happened within your RC. Think about what happened within your RC, how many members from your RC participated in the discussion? So, we had asked each and everyone to engage in the discussion, each RC to engage in the discussion. So, how many members from your RC actually participated in the discussion? So, by participation it means how many of them gave suggestions, how many of them were asking questions, all of this is counter towards participation in the discussion. Be very sincere when you are answering it because we also have screenshots saved from each session. So, every particular within particular frequency we actually take screenshots of the interaction and we were saving it at our end. So, I see that around 20 percentage of the 22 of your RCs are saying that all the members participated in the discussion which is good. So, you have a high majority. So, more than 60 percentage of the graph shows that more than 60 percentage close to 60 of you are saying that 67 of you are saying that more than 60 percentage of people were engaged in the discussion. There are 7 to 8 RCs where not all of them were effectively participating in the discussion to the to those RCs and to those participants. My only request is see these sessions are meant for you. So, just like how as teachers you complain about your learners not being engaged and not being very effective. So, unless and until we ourselves start imbibing these practices it will be really hard to expect your learners also to show you the same dedication and the same engagement within your classroom. So, engage in the discussions because see many of those discussions were very rich. We were able to see different types of practices being shared by faculty across remote centers. So, some people were saying that how they so I saw in a group where they talked about flip classroom. So, the other group was not aware of what happens in a flip classroom and there were 4 of those group members who were not aware of this and they were asking what is flip classroom, how much so how much of your students actually do activity outside the classroom, how many of them are you able to engage inside the classroom and to which the main participant was responding very nicely. Now, where where else will you get these kind of sharing of experiences happening? I mean it is talking about real life what do you say scenarios. So, it is exactly the real life scenario in the practical context what happens in a classroom actually, what all strategies do you apply? I mean all of you would be saying that IITs are very special. So, you would not have that I mean you would not have problems of implementing strategies. Now, it is a similar institute an institute just like yours and a teacher just like you who is talking about flip classroom or any innovative strategies and how his or her students are responding to those activities what they are trying. Now, this cannot be more convincing than that I mean if you do not take this opportunity to share your best practices to learn from each other it will be really hard. So, the main purpose of this FDP itself is to increase the collaboration and make yourself do variety of innovative practices with ICT and as Professor Fadak said yesterday we will just be able to as a teacher we will just be able to show you the path. You will have to take help of your peers you will have to try out several different strategies you will have to engage in these FDP interactions FDP sessions more more diligently to take the best benefit out of these FDP. Now, see we are in a time where the companies are not believing degree certificates issued by universities as in all the companies are saying we understand that that you have got a degree certificate from XYZ University but to work in my company you need to learn new skills. So, at the end of the day any FDP certificate or any course certificate will have the value of only that paper maybe it may improve your so it may help you in your what you say faculty advancement scheme they will give you rating points but is it going to actually benefit your learner. Now, that is a question that we should carefully examine carefully inspect because at the end of the day we are doing all these for our learners I mean we may be learning new technologies we may be learning new practices but it is not for us it is for us to use so that the learners our students benefit from this. So, I would request all the participants to be more proactive be more engaging and ask more participate more in these kind of interaction because this is an opportunity where you get 3000 of your colleagues along with you attending the same session nowhere else will you get such an opportunity ok. Let me go to the next question so now that you have we have seen what is happening inside the RC let me now ask you one question. So, for all the participants who were asking queries and getting feedback from your peers. So, how many of your queries regarding the FDP content where you able to clear from the discussions that happened in the ABU it could be all your queries would have some may say that all their queries got sorted out some may say more than 80 percent some may say more than 60 percent some may say more than less than 60 percent. So, I want the course coordinator to ask everyone within your remote center to actually just think about how many queries got addressed either through explanations given by the other RCs or through the chat window I am just watching the graph over here. So, majority close to 20 25 colleges 25 remote centers are saying that more than 80 percentage of their queries got clarified through this session around 20 of them are saying that all their queries got clarified more than 60 percent another 20 are saying that more than 60 percentage got clarified how many actually. So, there are 3 RCs from where participants were unable to clarify most of their queries and I would I am suspecting that many of these RCs were part of the group where video quality was slightly hampered and there were lot of disconnects that were happening. So, I understand that you have the issues and you have the queries. So, I will be sharing the padlet sharing a padlet with all of you towards the end of the session where you can ask these queries online and we will have both us the our TA team as well as other participants trying to solve these queries for you. Now, now is an interesting question. See, we have done this breakout session I would say with moderate success today from today 11 30 to 3 30. Now, we have 2 more interactions actually 4 more interactions going to happen in FDP 201 which is in May. So, in May we have the FDP the it is the next FDP starting in May 3rd and we have 2 intermediate interactions somewhere around the 2nd and 3rd week of May. Would you recommend that we have half day session devoted to such breakout interactions between RCs? So, it will be much more detailed. So, now you will see the poll coming up to your screen, but have a look at the options that are entered. The first option is yes. The second option is that yes, but give testing time for us in few days in advance. The third is yes, but provide better focus questions for us to discuss and the last one no this is a waste of time. So, maximum of you are saying that please provide better focus questions for the next version of the FDP around 30 40 50 of you. So, 13 plus 32 around 55 56 of you are saying that this was worth it, but this could improve through minor modifications in terms of instructions and clarifications. There are around 8 of you 7 of you who are saying that this was a waste of time. Now it I would really want these RCs to give us your feedback about today's interaction session because your feedback is the most important for us why this was why you are saying that it was why you are saying that it was not worth it. You may give your answers through chat or there is going to be a dedicated activity that is going to come next where we will ask you to send an email to our course group. See one important thing I also agree that the instructions were given very late and there was some there need needed to have we needed to have a little more clarity on why we are doing this what you have to do etc. But so we will actually look into ways in which we can fine tune this further because a view sessions one of the things that we saw was that mentors to where we are coming from is because last time with a minimum instruction time. So, the mentors or the top performers of previous FTP were not given too much training in a view and without that they were able to still manage to operate this a view software and conduct a view interaction sessions with their mentees and it was almost a straightforward thing because most of them had seen a view in their own remote center being used and many of the interface are slightly intuitive. So, I understand that a view is slightly difficult to actually make sense of initially but as you get used to it you will understand various ways in which you can use this further for interactions among yourself. Now, we will definitely improve the focus questions because this time's focus question was generically based on yesterday's activity. We saw that there was less activity that happened yesterday and we felt that there are there is lot of these untapped knowledge among participants that needs to be shared. So, like regarding various formalities within WordPress or how to use different software, participants seem are much more knowledgeable than the course instructors ourselves and it is important to connect participants to each other either through discussion forum and what always makes a differences of face-to-face communication ideally close a physical one but if not physical at least synchronously in a virtual medium that really makes a lot of difference that is what we have seen. We will try to improve the breakout practice a little more we will give you more refined instruction we are going to give more careful instructions we are going to give it very much in advance to the course coordinator and for all the participants we will upload those in IIT Bombay X so that all participants will benefit from those abusations. So, just like how we have the learning experience interactions where there is a focus question and there is an instruction for posting and there is an instruction for discussion we will follow a similar format for the next set of breakout activities that we are having but one important thing that you should understand is breakout activities are here to stay. So, just like how technology is present everywhere we are going to use this technology but see it is for half day. So, if you have like one full day of a session half day would be devoted to interaction remote center. So, we will have more carefully planned activities. So, it is it is up to me but I will extend it further such things should definitely be done and I will advise JK to keep this in mind to design like this. But what prevents these groups themselves and particularly the teacher of the mentor institution so designated which is the hub for those nine institutions from doing precisely this why is it that we believe all of us believe that is only IIT Bombay which should be giving assignments and other should be only doing it. After all we are in this business together and we need contributions from everyone. I would make a further suggestion based on the feedback that you just heard a very intelligent and sensitive observation has been made that to consolidate learning it is not adequate just to have interaction but it is also important to have an assignment. So, here is my challenge to you over coming days the remote centers which coordinated with these nine institutions could think of an assignment we will not take this as a marked assignment. So, please be assured that your performance or your certification will not be affected in this but this is such a beautiful suggestion that if this suggestion is taken up in a distributed manner then our friends not only at the remote center which was the local hub for nine institutions but even the other nine institutions which participated and the participants in each of these institutions why could not they come up with some assignment. So, let us embark on a completely new journey optional no marks no nothing but we first of all we thank our friend there who did not identify himself I will go back to that center again to let us have his name yes. Sir this is Professor B. A. Patil from. Yeah I am sorry I am sorry now I remember you did you did identify yourself fine fine let us go back. So, let us take Professor Patil's suggestion as an additional exercise for all of us perhaps to be best than in groups that we identify small assignments based on whatever we have been doing for last two weeks after all it is not only J. K. and our team which is familiar with what you have been doing for the last two weeks all of you are familiar with it because all of you have been doing it nothing prevents you from forming small groups and coming up with such assignment. Let us compile all these assignments let us compile all these assignments I will request J. K. to create a link where people can submit they should identify themselves see what assignment they have given preferably anybody who constructs or any group which constructs such an assignment should perhaps discuss this assignment with some other groups as well. So, that there is a larger contribution and we will compile all these assignments we will definitely use some of these as regular marked assignments or assessed assignments counting towards certification in future FDPs after all that is how question banks get created is not it and believe me when I say this those of us who are running this course from here might have a little more experience than you, but that experience is not all pervasive we also need to learn this suggestion made by professor Patil should have occurred to us it did not occur to us that is the value add that each individual participant can do to the process. So, I take this as a process modification suggestion or recommendation I like this suggestion very much except that instead of every participant saying ah is a good suggestion let IIT Bombay go ahead and implement it I disagree with that IIT Bombay will of course do that and I am not going to leave J. K. unless he actually gives me a list of three or four assignments which will also be added to the pool, but I want all of you in groups or individually to think about it and prepare such assignment. Thank you so much for this suggestion Dr. Patil. Let us go over to R. V. Institute Pune. Oh R. V. Institute of Technology I ok over to you I will I will make a statement about your institute later, but please go ahead you have a very beautiful ah auditorium that I can see over to you. Thank you sir ah this is Geeta Patil from our IIT here we are total 75 participant and this is our first time we are organizing something under the remote center this is our new remote center ah so like when we are going for this we got very excellent support from your AVU team we had done 3-4 time testing and that so every time we got a very good support from AVV team and and there is a there is a one question from our center. Yeah please go ahead. Good evening sir myself Dr. Mahesh Gauder from MIT Academy of Engineering, first of all let me thank you for this wonderful efforts taken by IIT Bombay and even the remote center ah it was a very good learning experience especially to evaluate ourselves for the higher level of knowledge learning and assessment, but one thing I would like to know sir where is it feasible to ah imbibe learning management tools into the ah web presser word press sorry is it feasible to link LMS with the word presser like model. So the question asked by Professor Gauder is is it feasible to use learning or link learning management systems to word press ah the answer is both again slight yes and a large no. Now word press is a content management system so in itself it has not enough functionalities that has been added to make it a learning management system now word press being open source it does not limit any university or any individual to try out making word press a learning management system. So in fact my good friend Dr. Yogan Drapal he has converted word press into a learning management system and has been giving out activities for students from the vernacular medium of Hindi about how to learn website creation how to learn Drupal etc he has a customized platform for that. Is there also open source? No that he has not made open source the word press is open source that is not very fair because as as at least as a basic philosophy and principle anything no the this he has added something yeah he has added something he has not modified no no no so his addition I think the technology is there in git but the product is currently his okay so what we were saying is that it is possible but it will take lot more effort but you already have standard learning management systems like Moodle which are in the open source and many institutes are actually using it in fact IIT Bombay with a student strength of around 5000 sorry now 10000 is using Moodle for as its learning management system and the IIT Bombay X which is based on OpenEDX is being used by many universities across the world for their outreach programs so yes yes in the sense that you can customize word press by adding few quotes and make it a learning management system but I would strongly recommend not to do that because you have a specific system with which has all the functionalities of a learning management system so it is always better to use that for your learning management and in fact you can do the reverse you can include your wordpress webpage as a blog in your Moodle system that is possible I would like to add further that there is a certain purpose for a tool and to my mind wordpress has a very limited functionality it is meant for a specific purpose but when it comes to learning management system he suggested that you should start using Moodle perfectly fine I would go one step forward and suggest the following yesterday I mentioned that we are we are preparing a distribution of OpenEDX called modifiable MOOCs platform what prevents you from downloading that and using that as a online mechanism for giving your own courses to your own students because after all that is another open source platform I will suggest one more thing take AVU for example we have been using AVU effectively across the country consider a college which has let us say 600 or 700 students admitted to the first year and you are required to teach a first year course we face that problem in IIT everybody has that problem what prevents a college from taking AVU setting up an AVU server and setting up in say five or six different classrooms a mechanism through which a single expert teacher can actually engage the regular classes in all the five or six classrooms and the associate faculty or teaching assistants attend every classroom where every 10 minutes or 15 minutes you take a break of lecturing and convert that class into small tutorial discussions spearheaded by your associate faculty or TA this is a mechanism that IIT Bombay routinely uses whenever we address for example all new MTech entrance for the first time our director our dean he speaks from they speak from one classroom but there are four or five classrooms in which these students their parents are assembled and they all are able to listen to the dean and director and are able to interact these are just suggestions I am making but please do identify which are the best tools please please do identify which are the most affordable tools from the point of view of your own infrastructure most colleges should have now good servers including servers which have VMs or virtual capabilities and it should be possible to implement this well I do not know whether it is the army institute of technology is there any other engineering college in Pune bearing the name army institute is there is there an institute the question is that is there another institute yeah is there another institute in Pune which is also called army college of engineering or something or this is the only institute institute in India sir army institute of technology is for engineering I see where you the where you the institute of armament technology at one point and no it is it is there but it is different so I think it is your institution the episode that I remember is a colleague of mine Dr. Samir Sahasrabudde has conducted a book on animation and when he was trying to find out mechanisms of intervention or reaching out to people he went across to someone so there is a lady faculty member in army institute who scored the maximum marks in that course taken by several thousand people and that is what I suddenly remembered I thought I will relate to that that is all right thank you so much and I am really very happy and pleased with such a large participation from your center yes sir thank you very much we will go to one more center and then I wish to close because 5 30 hello sir hello hello over to you yeah good evening sir it's me Sunil Kumar from mighty engineering college this entire RC is a SDMID oh sir before joining to this FDP usually as usual we are not knowing anything about world press or the advanced in teaching learning activities but by this FDP we are come to know how to use the tools to impart the knowledge to the students lord sir this is what the the advanced running of the world in the advanced running of the world students are moving forward but being teachers we should cope up with the students in this regard the teaching whatever you are the videos the classes you have given in the FDP they are very what interesting and very knowledgeable they give the knowledge imparting knowledge to us so that we can use the same thing to our students also sir at this moment I would like to promise that these things will definitely utilize to impart knowledge to our students very good so thank you thank you for our team we are really very thankful and grateful to you and your team the IATBX IATBX for providing such a platform to learn the things thank you very much hello sir hello hello hello hello can you sir yeah we had a very good interaction with waltz and instruct technology that you have created that groups that that was very helpful for us because we got new ideas that ideas of approach that how we can teach the students it was a very good experience sir thank you very much for conducting this kind of a workshop here thank you very much my special thanks to waltz and institute for I you see as I said earlier I expect each RC to become an IIT in its own right in the future years to come and I am so happy to note that the interaction with waltz and college was very useful which waltz and is this solapur or waltz and college solapur fine we'll just go to one marath you're good oh waltz and ha hello good evening so I good evening sir yeah good evening sir actually my name is nages nagaraj kharade I'm assistant professor in English I representing tangmeshwar college solapur and I thank from the bottom of my heart for taking an initiative for providing such a platform to us that is FTP and as far as today's our studies things are concerned I thank the RC coordinator Sunita Dolman I thank all the IIT Bombay X for conducting different kinds of activities for us and actually as far as this AVU interactions are concerned I would like to suggest a few things that AVU interactions in AVU interactions we were the teachers and I'm happy to be the part of this institution that is RC 1131 and I am very grateful to ma'am and all the participants for involving me in this interactions and as far as this AVU interactions are concerned I would like to suggest that there should be more areas of interactions because the limited areas were there like you know WordPress WordPress web creation and then some sort of RC and individual page creations so in three hours we were discussing a limited part of activities so I request that more things should be involved in it and we should be given more things more topics to be discussed so that we can discuss more and more topics in a clear way that's what I feel thank you very much for this suggestion Professor Nagesh but let me ask you one more question because going forward as I said our endeavor IIT Bombay's endeavor is to bring all teachers and students into our fold in particular we are trying to see how these two FDPs can reach out to a much larger segment of teachers from higher education since you are a professor of English you might know more about the state of affairs in our other higher educational institutions such as College of Arts College of Commerce and such institutions College of Science etcetera in such institutions do you believe that these two FDPs as we are conducting them will be useful or would you suggest some modifications or some additions over to you again actually sir these are very useful as far as my experience is concerned I have been teaching English for the last three years and I had been using only vlogger.com to give some sort of materials and we used to show the videos, PPTs and all but today in this FDP program I got new platforms or new sources through this program and definitely it will be very useful for the students and I have I've been trying to my level best to implement more and more in my teaching. Thank you coordinator wanted to say something yeah from Balchan Institute of Technology and I have been meeting I'm meeting you and seeing you on screen after 25 years I was there for your lecture that you had at Balchan Institute of Technology in the year 1992 and we have organized that in a very small hall here we have now a big remote center specially dedicated for IIT Bombay and I'm really excited I'm excited to be a participant of this particular workshop because now we have adopted blended teaching and we are using all your ICT whatever you have suggested videos our content creation and material which is available as our course journal form in some form or the other we are already transmitting it to students but now doing a formal workshop is really exciting for me at this age so that we can continue seeing the new comers which are our new students and being very interesting and having an active teaching approach for them thank you. Thank you so much may I just take the last Marathwada institution if their friends there yes over to you Marathwada Institute Aurangabad. I am Anita Pufate, FDP coordinator as a FDP coordinator my concern is manual attendance of participants please go ahead yeah please go ahead please go ahead ma'am so we could use android app or something else for attendance participant attendance one more participant now curie so I will hand over my to him hello yeah good evening sir yeah this is Vinod from MIT Aurangabad sir I would like to know actually there were a discussion in today's morning session with JK sir of one of the faculties from one of the RCs that the question of that faculty was the the technologies like ICT puts the job of the teacher in danger this was the question in today's morning session and the answer of the answer given by JK sir was no and this will create more job opportunities so sir actually since today not being I am talking about this and I am good so I could not correlate that with the answer so I would like to know I would like to know that how this kind of technology is like I said create more jobs for the teachers in future please sir this question has been raised by so many people at so many places that I feel like writing an article I may write one which will be titled beyond MOOCs and so on but my short answer is very simple in the entire human history and most possibly even in future the learning will happen from multiple means earlier it happened by word of mouth then it happened through reading books and so on but there has been no occasion ever in the entire human history where a human touch was not contributing to learning conventionally they are school teachers college teachers or whatever but as I keep repeatedly saying we learn from our parents when we are young children when we grow up as professionals we continuously learn from our seniors and our mentors and our friends learning my dear friend essentially is enhanced by human interaction far more than what it is enhanced by the means of technology and by means of tools so rest assured that the teachers jobs are not going away anywhere teachers will continue to be required in coming years that is my firm belief however I would like to add one word of caution teachers will be meaningful to the learners only if teachers also adapt quickly to new technologies that are emerging today if I continue to teach using a blackboard and chalk it is not that I will not teach effectively but it is that my students will learn will not learn as effectively as they could if I was to use the emerging technologies better therefore I have two short answers to your question number one the teachers jobs are not at all threatened but number two what is being threatened is the way in which the teachers consider teaching learning process they must learn these new things they must adapt to this and they must train their students please do not forget that some of your students are going to be future teachers if you keep them half bank in the use of technology they themselves when they will become teacher may not use the technology effectively don't forget that in our early years of teaching we invariably copied the style of the teachers who taught us we tried to become good teachers but we were essentially directed or essentially guided by what we learn from our teachers and therefore those teachers who actually forced us to think forced us to experiment forced us to adapt new thing those were the most valuable teaching as far as we as young teachers was concerned we must therefore remember this teachers will always be required but teachers who adapt the latest technology the best technology to maximize the learning will be the most effective teachers that is all I would say it is already 533 I just wanted to make a two minute concluding remark and then we will close the session many of you may not know but I shall be retiring as a full professor of this institute in a few days time you see even the government of India cannot engage a person as a regular professor beyond the age of 70 however so this in a sense is my last formal interaction as a regular professor of the department of computer science and I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for this participation thank my institute for having given me so much freedom and supported me in all these endeavors I would also like to say that while I retire from my formal position I am not going to disappear anywhere my institute has already told me that I will continue to be engaged in an honorary capacity as a meritus professor and hopefully my department will give me an office so I will keep coming here and since giving unsolicited advice has been one of my hobbies I will keep doing it it is 100 percent certain that IIT Bombay will continue to conduct such programs in coming years and therefore you may see me occasionally so the teacher Phatak will still be there but the professor IIT Bombay Phatak it is his last appearance thank you so much God bless you sir for those motivating words for all the participants who are having queries so please note that we are taking note of the queries so to all participants from different regions I know that today is Ram Navami and many of you had were on yeah on a fast for the entire day I am really sorry that we had to postpone the first interaction but it was a technical issue at our end which forced us because there was a power outage and there were so many event clashes that actually forced us to change the schedule from 11th of March to 25th of March I mean we would have loved to have provided you that cushion even on those festival days but we will make sure that we will never postpone the schedule of the FDP interactions further in the upcoming FDP so the for the upcoming FDPs we have already frozen the dates of interaction and we have actually circulated it to all remote centers so all to all remote centers who were all participants who are present in spite of the various difficulties I am really thankful for all of you for making this session a reality and making providing even I mean engaging yourself completely so that other participants also benefit so in from on behalf of each and every one in this particular from IIT Bombay I thank everyone so the queries which you have posted in chat and as well as questions we will be addressing them in the coming week so we have our course TA team so I am taking a dump of all these questions and I am giving the questions to course TS and we'll be answering them in the coming days one more way in which you could actually interact with us is that I have actually created a padlet for this particular FDP for people who are not familiar with padlet we'll give you an instruction on how to post the questions in padlet so we have set it up for queries so you can see this is a padlet that we have created you can actually post your queries regarding FDP over here the queries could be of three types one is on the content of the FDP second is on the operational aspects of the FDP and the third is on technical queries related to the FDP I'll just share the link with you in chat as well as we'll be mailing it to you in as as instructions tomorrow yeah yes so I'll be emailing this to all participants as a separate email today itself and you can post your queries onto this and we will try to answer them individually so once again thanking each and everyone for a wonderful session that you had provided for each RCs for each participant who came to the RC and involved themselves to the team the video studio team over here the workshop team over here who are supporting us thank you and that's all from IIT Bombay today enjoy the upcoming days of activities and we wish that everyone has a better teaching learning experience in the days to come thank you


videos you can see from the title. I am going to be organizing. So I'm going to be putting together my bar cart right here. This is sent over from LifeWit.com. I am going to be organizing my vanity drawers with these. So when you head over to Amazon, you can just type in LifeWit store and then it'll pull up their page with all their other amazing products that they do offer. Or if you want the exact ones that I got, you can just go down to my description box below, click on the link and then it'll bring you to the exact ones that I have. I did get the 25 piece tray set with four different styles. They are on sale right now for $22.94. Yes, we love a good sale. And these ones are actually offered on Prime Shipping. So that's really, really good. And then in the next few clips, you're going to see how I organize them with my vanity. So the first drawer that I'm going to tackle is this top one. It goes eyeshadow palettes. This one is powders and contour and highlighters. And this one is all lashes. So I'm just going to organize everything in here. Just to show off the product a little bit more, I am going to start off with taking one of the larger trays. This is the largest tray that you will receive in your 25 piece set. Since this is the eyeshadow drawer, I decided to start off with the bigger tray because I mean like why would I use any of the smaller ones? They're not going to fit. And eyeshadow palettes are normally a little bit larger than anything else. So I started off with the larger one. And then I kind of just downsize. It only comes with I think three large trays. So be mindful. Whatever space you're doing, you can organize your office. You can organize your kitchen, organize your vanity. If you have kids, you can organize your kids school items, anything like that. Just be mindful that you only have three bigger trays. So kind of, you know, organizing moderation. Okay, so this side is basically all of like my wig stuff. I guess you can say stuff that when I do a reviews in the company, send me stuff. I get so much goodies. And that's what I just put in here. And it's basically what's in this one also like the little baggies. I usually resell most of my wigs. So I usually keep the little baggies and give them to people when I sell them. And this one is products that I need to try or use like overflow the stuff that I couldn't fit in my bathroom organization. And yeah, it just needs to be organized. And this one, I guess is like overflow of bags. And the very bottom one is for like my feet and pedicures and stuff. I did not know I had these y'all. It's like dual. This one's sharp. Cute. Look at everything and then make sure I have all the pieces that's supposed to be included, which I do. The pink sticky notes are for me. They had numbers on them, but the numbers were on the bag. So I'm not going to keep it in the bag the whole I decided just to put sticky notes on them, which I really didn't have to because I mean it's common sense. I just did it just to do it and make it look a little bit more organized. But I did it. So looking because under here kind of had, I shouldn't know. Anyways, it's supposed to look. This is the bottom. So I've been thinking this is the top and it's not. It's actually the bottom.  So I need to be holding and not the other way. I could have kept the ever put up in my life.  Either the bar cart is going to go over here in this section and then I'm going to have some stuff that says bar, whatever may add like, you know, bar items or whatever, of course, or I was thinking putting the bar over here where this is it and then having this as my little like workstation. Like I can put a little desk right here or should I put a desk right here? I actually started spray painting this before I even started organizing in the beginning of the video. But I decided to spray paint this and then have it drying while I'm organizing everything that's in my apartment right now. That's kind of gold or anything that's not like silver or black. I'm spray painting. So you will probably see me hang these up in my next vlog, but I did just want to pop on and say everything's being spray painted. That's not within the color scheme that I'm trying to do and you'll see that hung up in the next vlog. I let these soak and wash these out in a dish washing liquid. They were soaking for about like four hours. I have forgot about it tonight because it is not going to fit. It only holds one liter. Cute! And this expired. Did this say January? Oh, this say January 2023. Yeah, I don't even got a right expiration date because this is gonna be gone by the end of this. Come on, please. Please, please, please. Shit. I'm gonna have to start drinking some of these. So I still got a little bit left. This expired June 1st, 2022. This is definitely going to be gone by June so I don't have to write an expiration date. The milk I probably am because this doesn't expire to July and I don't drink a lot of milk. You washing dishes while you cooking? It's just my juice. Oh, it is 11.23 at night. I took a nap. The nap was supposed to be for an hour. The nap lasted like three hours. But it's Monday. What did I say? 11? It's 11.24 now. I just put this on over my head while I was sleeping but as you see I was clicking chicken spaghetti. I think I have like 10 minutes or a little less in the oven. I'm just I'm checking on periodically so I set it for like 10, 15 minutes and go back and check. But as you saw probably in the clips but right now I'm about to just start on my closet. Hold on, let me pause here. Okay, so this is my wreck of a closet. I'm gonna go over what I'm about to do real quick or start on at least. So these shoes some need to go like times. I've had them since high school. I have not put them on in probably like four years while they even still in here. So stuff like that I'm gonna get rid of and then in my closet as you know. My closet's pretty huge obviously. This I'm gonna rearrange all this but I'm probably gonna do that tomorrow. But I need to basically like this is my boyfriend stuff but I need to go through this stuff. This is like bathing suits cover-ups all type of swimwear in there. This is like extra candles from Bath & Body Works. This is tools and I got you know just stuff in those. So I'm gonna go through them organize that and then maybe put different things in them. And up here I don't really have to do anything with the shoes right now. Those are kind of somewhat organized from like winter tennis shoes up to like sandals and flip-flops and stuff. This right here I do have a couple hats to put back up and then this back here. I don't really wear scarves anymore so I kind of want to give these away but the last one I wore was this one like out in the outfit but I don't know. I use these when it's winter time like to wrap over my head and stuff and then these hangers are for like pants. I use them for skirts different things like that. So I need to organize that a little better. This one right here is just basically purses just I just threw them there. Those few shoes are niggies and these are like weed boxes with stuff in them. Extra blankets and hair tools and then this is electronics and that's for my nails. And then this one over here this is the same one that I had from my old apartment with stuff in it so that's organized but what I'm doing tonight is that right there. I've been getting a lot of brand deals as you know with Sheehan and Zaful and I just got another Sheehan brand deal so this will be my third like collaboration with them per se. So what this right here is all of the new clothes that I showed y'all in those hauls so I need to put all these clothes on a hanger tonight and then probably tomorrow I'm going to put all my clothes in color coordination. I've been doing that before home edit but home edit made me want to do like the rainbow type thing. I usually just put all like colors together like I didn't really care if it was like rainbow style but I'm gonna do that now and then this bag right here this is what Play-Doh closet didn't take so I'm just gonna Goodwill all of this if I do go through some stuff and find some things I may take it to Play-Doh's closet tomorrow if not literally everything's going to Goodwill like it's a pair of Converse in here it's some heels the Converse right here and then these shoes I literally wore for a graduation picture literally brand spanking brand spanking new more than once for a picture look at the bottom not even that dirty so I don't know I've been having some of this stuff on some of my websites to sell and anyways I'm gonna just donate everything to like Goodwill and then the other stuff that I have I may actually keep this bathing suit I don't have a one-piece but some of this other stuff I have it's like stuff I've already worn on Instagram you know so I don't know I may try to look through this and see and then yeah anyways that's that and then I have this freaking beer that they gave me I'm probably gonna put this beer up in the corner where all that hair stuff is it just to get it off the floor the goal is to not really have anything on the floor and everything just put up in a spot and then back here I still have some this is my school stuff like for my office desk and stuff I actually am gonna buy a table and like make an office so I'm gonna take this out and then put that somewhere else so the goal tonight is just to get everything on hangers and then everything like up out the floor and put up somewhere I saw Prince go to his bow like even the rest of his little food so I feel like he needs a snack already gave him a treat about an hour ago but I forgot I had these little cookies and I want to kind of get them out the way these are just the three dog bakery brand mini cookies it's six in a pack and they are sandwich cookies carrot and peanut butter flavor he really enjoys them he only has I think three more left actually one more left so after I feed him this one he's only gonna have one left so this is how they look they literally like a real cookie like honestly this would probably be a horrible like prank on somebody but if they don't like read it I feel like somebody would probably eat this because this literally looks so freakin real she is so pretty on Arneal sit down sit sit up good night I decided that I was just gonna buy it for $300 I get paid from YouTube youtubers we all get paid on the 21st of every month so I was gonna buy it my subject but I saw that they have a final cut pro free for 90 days so I'm actually been watching a few videos about it this is only my second one but she just reminded me that they had it free for 90 days so instead of me just you know $300 right now which I was gonna do cuz you know I love editing and YouTube and stuff and I want to elevate my videos for you guys so I think I want to get it tonight I'm not gonna really do any editing tonight because if so like I say it is 12 o'clock at night I'm gonna be up to like 4 a.m. you know just trying to think so I'm gonna download it I did sleep for three hours I woke up at 9 o'clock so I'm really not tired honestly so I think what I'm gonna do is just kind of finish tidying tidying up my kitchen and my living room just picking up some papers and stuff and then I'm going to take my pill so we can like knock me back out so I can wake up but this is what I'm doing if you guys can see this CD want to allow downloads to Apple yes allow so now it's downloading you can either check it right here says okay well it's going in like seconds now and then this is my downloads voter down here so very excited they have this 90-day free trial I'm gonna be glued to the freaking computer tomorrow editing I think I'm gonna edit this vlog that you're watching on Final Cut Pro so it's gonna be a lot of trial and error because I've been using iMovie since 2016 so that's a while and it's just I don't know I'm not really good with change like I'm not a person who really like change so this is gonna be something completely new for me it's gonna probably stress me out a little bit but when I was watching the actual like them showing how to edit and stuff it's basically a advanced iMovie like 20 times better but I know basically the ends and out of basic editing because of iMovie like I've been using this is 2016 it's just learning a new software and the different type of like key codes and stuff so you know iMovie has its own type of like codes and then Final Cut Pro as I saw that they have their own little codes too so I'm gonna come back after this download and then we're gonna open it up together and I may actually import my stuff but after that I'm not gonna like edit or anything until tomorrow so the free trial just got done and downloading I'm gonna show you guys this is the free trial I got Final Cut Pro not x that's babe and this is how it looks I think I'm just gonna upload my footage and not edit because if I start editing I'm gonna be up until like four in the morning so this looks so so I wanted to pop on and talk to you guys real quick I download Final Cut Pro of you as you seen last night it's 206 Tuesday April 19th now so I just got done filming like a little portion for a hair review that vlog already be out before this month I believe but I want to hop on and just say like I'm so excited by Final Cut Pro like I cannot wait to start editing I'm about to edit and then I'm probably gonna eat lunch though it's 2 o'clock so I'm probably about to go like to McDonald's or Popeyes real quick and then I'm gonna come back edit and I'm gonna do like a what is it called like a I don't know first chop or like run through of it or whatever because it's a lot to learn the freakin Final Cut Pro y'all use that baby it's like 10 times better than our movie though but I'm about to do that come back and finish my closet so once I feel like I added it like for at least like I'm probably gonna edit for like three hours probably like just playing around with stuff two to three and then I'm gonna start back on my closet and putting everything in order by color and I moved everything off the floor and then I'm just gonna fix those little cubbies that I have and probably take prints out but yeah I just want to hop on show my face real quick because probably for the rest of the vlog I may not be really showing my face it's just gonna be showing me like do the closet and I really love you talking I'm trying to do the keeping up with the Kieran Jenae weekly vlogs again getting back into it so today's Tuesday if I don't get it on camera now I probably won't get on the camera anymore for today because I don't have anything planned for today but literally just to edit and figure out final cut pro okay so my closet is cleaned out has a lot more walk space and I did some rearrange it up there and up there as you can see I'm gonna color coordinate tomorrow but I just want to everything off the floor which I did that I'm gonna get a hamper where I can do two things like it's put together so I can do towels and then just like regular clothes I'm going to get rid of that brown one in this pink one probably that blue bag I think I already told y'all that's gonna be good will donations that is basically office stuff I'm trying to find a table that I can make an office out of to go over there in that corner by my vanity and then basically I'm gonna like organize these drawers and stuff like that in another vlog but yeah basically I got a lot of walk space I got space to grow which we love so I got that shelf empty that shelf empty basically all that I can actually probably put that foot thingy under my bed honestly and then that steamer I can put under my bed but like the other two things are probably just stay there I'm gonna go through those wigs and stuff tomorrow that thing is full of wigs I put my shoes up that's more over there and yeah stuff back there but basically everything is in order these wigs on the bed are wigs that I'm gonna sell so I got this one from SVT that I'm gonna sell this one that I reviewed I think about a year and a half ago this one and then this is a headband wig so I got four weeks to put on sale and then tomorrow since I don't have anything to do but sell my TV I'm selling my TV because I need a bigger one I can't see at night so yeah selling this one tomorrow by some but can I talk y'all dang it's one of my friends that I went to nursing school with she's getting that one and then this one is still on sale this one is gonna be for 150 so yeah so since this video was pretending to organizing and putting things up and spray painting and stuff also wanted to include these few clips as I was hanging these up I decided just to record really quickly if you did follow me since my last apartment I was in my boyfriend did buy these little flowers for me and I just decided to put them in the bathroom I also want to be showing my shower curtain if you are Instagram fam we did what y'all did have a vote going on and y'all voted mostly to get a longer shower curtain which I did from Amazon that will be linked down below in the description box mostly everything in my apartment is definitely from like Amazon home good stuff like that so everything that's from Amazon will be linked down below in the description box I just want to say thank you guys so much for watching another video supporting me and stand along with this wild journey of mine and until my next video I will see y'all lovelies then bye guys


Hi everyone, Joe for Jazky's casebreaks.com with another random number block this time for the second half of the zenith pick your team four Featuring just four teams Texans Colts chiefs and Eagles and we're giving away four spots So over half of you are gonna get extra spots. Let's roll it and randomize that list three and a six nine times top four after nine get extra spots two three four five six seven eight and Ninth and final time Michael Johan Josh. Josh Congrats extra spots going your way All right now we've got all of your names There's everybody. There's all the numbers second dice roll Three into three six the hard way for names and numbers one two three four five six Got Josh down to Michael three into three six the hard way for the numbers one two Three four five and six Seven down to nine All right, so Josh with seven six and two Johan with three last one mojo Matthew with eight Josh with five You're on zero Michael with one Travis with four and Michael with nine. Let's order these numerically And remember zero gets any and all redemption including one-of-one redemption for these four teams Michael you'll still get live one-of-ones. All right. I'll see you in the next video for the break Jazky's case breaks.com


Hello everyone this is Ahmed Dan of AhmedDan.com. Today I'll have another episode of Kindle Tips and Tricks video and I'll talk about how to exit a Kindle book and return to homepage or library. If this is your first time or if you visit, thank you for your support. On this channel, I'm always trying new and different ideas. If you're into thinking outside the box, this is the channel to subscribe. If you're looking for more Kindle videos, there'll be links in the description box below. When you're reading a Kindle and if you'd like to go back to the homepage or library to do that, the first thing you're going to be doing is tap on the upper side of the Kindle device. So for example, you can tap anywhere around here. So what happens if you tap underneath this space, it's not going to take it to the homepage. So for example, if you're just tapping here, then it's just changing the page. So for example, if you tap here, then you're going to get a menu and if you just click on the home button or tap on the home button, which is on the upper left corner. So if you tap here, then you can see that it's taking you to the homepage or library. So that's how you get back to Kindle homepage or library. So the device I'm using is the Kindle Paperwhite and it should work on any Kindle. Thank you for watching this video. There'll be more videos coming up. So I'll see you shortly. Thank you.


It has been said, by your most humble servant, within Chronicles not all may have security and piety clearances to parse, that our galaxy, our universe, is one enamored with stories. Spend long enough buried within forgotten archives reading the accounts of ages almost as forgotten, and one cannot help but be drawn to the almost narrative quality of the defining events of epochs now dead. But then again, are we to be surprised at this when the very arch enemy of humanity, of reality itself is a collection of howling malignant self-aware ideas that claw and scratch at the veil between worlds, hungry to get in? Have power, as do the players within them, though they may neither realize it nor comprehend the ends to which their decisions will lead them. The Primarchs, the gene breed of the Emperor of Mankind, have of course been outsized players upon the historical stage, beings of such incredible power that they have acted as dynamos for both progress and destruction. Much has been made about their inherent deeply flawed humanity, and there are few tales that illustrate this more than the one your humble servant must now dedicate himself to recounting. Pride, as the maxim spoken in almost every human tongue will recount, cometh before the fall, and there were few beings as prideful as the Primarchs of this tale. Not even the greatest dramaturgies of the past could concoct a story of such breathtakingly human disasters colliding in painfully irrevocably permanent catastrophe. So then, this is the prelude of the opening act of the great heresy, the stage setting for the greatest tragedy to ever befall humanity, the burning of Prospero. It is oft said that within hindsight lies the truths we were blind to, and it is certain that with the long years since the passing of the Horus heresy, that which we could not see is all too readily revealed in patterns once secluded. The Warmaster's rule over the Imperium at Arms was brief within the overall span of the Great Crusade. His tenure marked by victories aplenty, but also, should one be afforded a glimpse at the totality, quite curious happenings. Everything from bonds of kinship being forged with parties and factions disparate, to the stockpiling of arms and armaments in holdfasts unexpected, to the preferential treatment of commanders and expeditions surprising. All were taken at the time to simply be new leadership under a new leader. Horus, for all being the favoured son of the Emperor of Mankind, was not his progenitor, and had a style of command that was quite different from that of the Lord of Lightning. Not only this, but it is verifiable by accounts of sundry biographers of the Primarch, including Petronella Vivar's unpublished work, and the treatises of Loic Gerentius, collected in the seminal Lamentations upon the Age of Darkness. That Horus felt a certain need to prove himself to both his father and his brothers, following his ascension to this newest and most important of offices. It is not difficult to surmise that the Warmaster could have made decisions explicitly because they were different from how the Emperor would have made them. Speculation has long gone back and forth amongst his staratours regarding the point as to which these decisions shifted from innocence to knowing willful treachery, and one is inclined to state that such a date is impossible to discern. The malign powers that held sway over the Warmaster during his rebellion work in mysterious and eldritch ways, and the degree to which they held influence over his decisions, or even the emotions driving those decisions, will ever be impossible to ascertain. Mayhap Horus' hand was being guided by them for far longer than we have believed, further back along his damnable path than even the Daven Incident or the Inter-X debacle. That hindsight one spoke of earlier allows us now to see these corrupted seeds for what they were, preparation planted far, far in advance of the Warmaster's ultimate rebellion. All such orders were issued under his lawful authority. Horus was, of course, supreme commander of the Imperium's armed forces, and though they ruled in the stead of the Emperor, the Council of Terra had no ability to gain say anything that could be considered under martial jurisdiction. Which is, of course, even if they had wanted to. While Horus and the Council had butted heads on the subject of the Imperial tithe, relations between the two bodies were reasonably cordial despite being strained, with the civilians and the Sigilite knowing when to leave best alone when it came to the Primarchs. The independence and indeed unquestioned loyalty of Horus Lupacal allowed him to make decisions that none would question even if they had either the authority or the gumption to do so. He issued warrants of Imperial immediacy to recently contacted night households of dubious reliability. He diverted expeditionary fleets, altering the course of conquests and steering forces loyal to him into advantageous positions. He sent numerous Imperial army regiments into theatres best suited for the Ligione's Astartes. During several of the proudest forces of the Exertus Imperialis were humbled to the point of combat inefficacy. Perhaps most immediately and tellingly of all, but again only so with hindsight, his final assignments given to Astartes legions of his brothers saw that those that had the strength to oppose him were rendered isolated or in dire peril, most notably the first legion dark angels, ninth legion blood angels, and thirteenth legion ultramarines. In the prelude to her work, Principia logisticae Exertus, optimization of supply, communication and munition lines within static defences, an analysis of the development of Imperial palace logistical support systems prior to the Siege of Terra, analyticae scholar Melanie Trath-Presantium noted that the work of Lupercal during this particular period spoke to the profound genius of the Primarch as the architect of grand strategy. Such moves took into account what others would not, operating in broad strokes with full awareness that there was no particular lynchpin to anything here, merely a collecting of power, an optimization of dispositions, a secret but forceful push to have the most upper of hands once his time would arrive. There was no honor in this, of course, but such is the true face of warfare, stacking the deck in one's favor, so to speak, is a brilliantly expedient option. It was, of course, not by the sole hand of Horus Lupercal that the destruction of Prospero was wrought. One opens this chronicle with his involvement merely to grant to one's acolytes the context of what was happening in the background across the Imperium as the dread events of the burning were unfolding. World death was not the war master's doing in any true sense, merely an event he saw opportunity in and would reap great benefits from. Though naturally Horus bears plenty of it, the blame is impossible to apportion accurately. As many scholars consistently debate whose sins ring louder than whose, inspiring many atidious treatise as to who did what wrong. Suffice it to say, many are the guilty here, but it would of course be remiss of one to not place the lion's share upon the scions of Prospero themselves, the 15th Legion Thousand Sons, who in the curious and hateful circumstances of the times found themselves both as initiators and ultimate victims of their own private Armageddon. Sons of the Cyclops were a legion apart from their cousins, unique in many ways and having been so from their creation. They had not taken part in the Unification Wars, being held from frontline combat status by the Emperor himself for reasons unknown. Adding to this, the bequeathing of the Legion with its moniker, the Thousand Sons, rankled the other legions as a mark of favour unearned by Astartes who had neither bled nor died during the Unification Wars or the Solar Reclamation. The ill will born towards the 15th only deepened as rumours of their arcane practices and willful battlefield use of psychana emerged, something the Sons themselves did little to either justify, explain, or hide. While there were some within the 15th that sought to educate their cousins in other legions, engaging in exchanges or debates upon the practices of the occult, many more within the 15th wore their separation as a badge of honour, seeing the ignorance they were treated with as little more than confirmation of their superiority over regular Astartes. They were, by their reckoning, enlightened scholars, crafted to be so by the hand of the Emperor, and the barbarians that bathed for their censure were merely obstacles on the road to a greater human future. For context, the fear of psychana with which the Imperium was riddled with was not precisely unjustified. The Age of Strife had been an epoch where a cult phenomena of all sorts had run amok across the material plane, wrecking untold devastation and claiming uncountable lives. Sauceror kings mad with the powers of the warp were plentiful and terrible in equal measure, their genocides and apocalypses surviving if not in record, then within folk memory, a blight upon the history of mankind, however you cut it. The Psyker was of course not unknown to humanity before the terrible fall from grace millennia before the revelation of the Emperor. Psykers had begun to emerge upon human worlds during the Age of Technology, and it has been supposed by many, not least amongst those of whom have hidden knowledges of the Emperor's own supposed origins, that they have always been amongst us, merely in miniscule quantities until relatively recently. During the millennia of the first great human interstellar empires, however, they had been met with intense curiosity and study on many worlds, whereas upon others they met with only superstition and death. The long piece of the Age of Technology gave way to the carnage and slaughter of the machine wars, and with the warp in turmoil and its denizens more alive and hungry than they had been in eons, the sudden emergence of a glut of human Psykers proved catastrophic beyond imagination. On millions of human worlds, Psykers fell victims to their powers, creatures from a plane worse than all the hells of human fancy, pupating within their flesh an emerging in gory apotheosis to slaughter and meme. Whole worlds were consumed by these incursions, and elsewhere were the tides of the Empyrean merely corrupted instead of possessing, mad Psyker despots rampaged throughout the fires of their once great civilizations, ruling, ruining, ravaging. This era would last for five thousand years, an age of death and destruction never before seen, and above all the specter of the insane human Psyker, crackling with barely contained eldritch energies, eyes alight, with unstoppable malignancy. The emergence of the Imperium as a regime came in tandem with the outright refutation of the uncontrolled and unrestricted use of Psykers that had defined the age of strife. The worst of the foes of the early unity regime upon Terra had been sorcerer warlords mad with unchecked mutations or in possession of arcane and corruptive lore from the deepest reaches of history. While the Emperor himself was indeed a Psyker, his strength in that art and his willpower besides were so inordinately separated from the human scale as to render him seemingly immune from the corruption those weaker of his kind perennially faced. When the Imperium had been formally founded, bodies within it had been also formally incepted, specifically to account for and deal with the Psyker. The Devisio-Telepathica's existence was not merely born of the necessity for efficient interstellar communication in the form of astro-telepathy, no, but to regulate the entire sum of humanity's psychic human resources. Psykers rendered unto the Devisia found their lives committed to draconian study and training, brutally hammering their abilities into forms useful to the Imperium and, moreover, limiting and controlling them. The distrust of the Imperium for the Psyker is one born of millennia of pain and trauma, yes, but additionally one of utmost necessity. Humanity had not changed by the hand of the Age of Strife, only been traumatized by it. The human genome was not fundamentally different in M30 than it had been in M25, so the control of Psykers was placed at the apex of Imperial Doctrine. The Astropaths, the Navigators, even Battle Psykers, they were all grim necessities of the Imperium and its great crusade. Resources wielded, yes, but rigidly controlled and structured, bound by the strongest and most inviolate decrees of the Lex Imperialis. Then, of course, there were the Legionnaires of Stardes, the Librarius, and the Council of Nikia. One has elaborated upon Nikia at length in a previous record, which, if you have not parsed it, I would encourage you to cease playback of this particular chronicle and append it for later consumption, only after you have concluded studies upon that earlier work. In brief, the Council was a conclave gathered by the Emperor himself, insisting of the great and good and the influential of the Imperium to resolve what had become known as the Psyker Question. The Imperium, and most particularly the Legionnaires of Stardes, could no longer operate within uncertain policy. For the entirety of the great crusade, the Astardes and their Primarchs had enjoyed independence of jurisdiction over their own internal affairs, but to have such a stark contrast between them and the remainder of the Imperium, over the issue of Psykers in particular, was appearing to be no longer tenable. Some legions, foremost amongst them the 14th Legion Deathguard and their Primarch Mortarian, shunned Psykers utterly, while others, not least the Thousand Sons, but also the Blood Angels and 5th Legion White Scars, were openly calling for regulation, training, and acceptance of battle-psychers amongst the Astardes. Others, such as 6th Legion Primarch Leman Russ and 1st Legion Primarch Lyon L. Johnson, called for the formal censure of the Thousand Sons specifically, while still being more than willing to employ Psykers within their own legions, exclusively by their own idiosyncratic patterns. But latter, highlights a crucial aspect of the debate surrounding Nekia. By virtue of their willful and blatant use of Psycona during the crusade, the Thousand Sons and Magnus the Red had placed themselves firmly at the heart of the issue, and bound them inextricably to how their fellow legions, and Magnus' brothers, felt towards them on levels that went beyond professional and strategic, and fully into the realms of the personal. It is perhaps why the question had been delayed for so long in the first place, why the Emperor, beloved by all, had demurred from addressing so fundamental an issue in the Imperium's utilization of a new front of human evolutionary biology. A trifecta of Primarchs, Magnus, Sanguinius, and Jagatai Khan, had developed a structure within which they adamantly stated Astartes Psykers could receive the training they needed to properly utilize their extraordinary gifts for the future of the Great Crusade, which they called the Librarius. Much has been made of the testimony of Magnus, and the representatives of the Blood Angels and the White Scars. The Crimson King's speech I have included in the record previously mentioned, but suffice to say, he rose to counter the bellicose fear-mongering of his brother, Mortarion, with aplomb. Privately, we know from the journals of First Librarian Azek Ariman of the 15th that Magnus raged at his treatment before the Council. He had, admittedly naively, assumed that the conclave would be one meeting upon scholarly terms of true and good intent, whereas what he found was a coalition arrayed not against just Psykers, but him specifically. A witch-hunt of old, as he is noted to have said. The reactionary wing present at the Council had powerful allies, and while Magnus counted on the support of his brothers Sanguinius and Fulgrim, present there to back him up, he was fighting against the deeply ingrained fear of an entire regime. Mortarion, meanwhile, could count on the support of Russ and Corvus Corax of the 19th Legion Ravenguard, as well as the tacit support of Rogaldorn of the Imperial Fists, present less as a proponent against the use of Psykers and more for the censure of Magnus alone. The Crimson King supporters amongst the Brotherhood, such as the Khan, Giliman, Alfarious, Vulcan, Conrad Kurs, and Lorgar, simply could not be present due to the exigencies of the Great Crusade. The Cyclops of Prospero was penned in, fighting seemingly an uphill battle, but even had his brothers been present. It is unknown if the ultimate outcome could possibly have been changed. Ultimately, the judgment would come from only one being, no matter how many minds were swayed by either Deathlord or Crimson King, by those against or for. A supreme authority of the Council, and of course, the Imperium, the decision rested at the hand of the Emperor himself. Historitories have debated the ruling throughout the ages, even some so far as decrying the Emperor for his judgment, given the events that would ultimately unfold directly because of it. Others supported entirely, given that, by their own reckoning, what followed was entirely the fault of others. All throughout this weaves the tricks and hand of hindsight. One cannot help but bind the burning of Prospero to the deliverance of the Emperor's writ upon that faithful day. Whatever debate surrounds this only serves to obscure what transpired, muddying the facts with wild conjecture and ideological positioning. Yes, it is the role of the Historator to interpret as much as it is to chronicle, but when dealing with such a monument as event, there is temptation enough to moralize without the necessity of picking aside, weighing it down even further. The core truth is that, of course, the Emperor chose to ban the continued use of psychic powers by the legionnaires of startes, ordering the disbandment of all librarians divisions currently operating within legions that had adopted them. The startes with psychic talents or potential could return to their previously held ranks and roles, never again to use their powers without any exception under pain of such destruction that he shall rue the day he turned from my life. The ruling was unequivocable, delivered with the force of a hammer from heaven, sundering the future of psychers within the startes legions by an imperial decree that brooked simply no subtlety. The Thousand Sons left the world humbled a few other legions had ever been, returning to the great crusade with a numb resignation to the new worlds they had now to inhabit. All, save Magnus, who retreated to Prospero, consigning himself to seclusion and study in his personal librarian upon works known to none, not even his closest sons. The Thousand Sons would go on to spend three years prosecuting the great crusade as of old, with bolter and blade, or at least would do so publicly. While they were perennially careful in what campaigns they would engage in and with whom, and added a commendable number of worlds and victories to the imperial fold, rumors yet persisted as to their continued use of their powers. None of these were ever confirmed, naturally, and many within the Imperium saw the resurgent 15th Legion as a sign that the Emperor's Edict was bearing commendably changed fruit for the good of all humanity. But there were others who insisted that the Legion had never truthfully abandoned the use of their powers, that their employment was utilized at every opportunity, and when none of the suspicious eyes of others within the Imperium were upon them. The true case of this is, however, rendered moot simply by what would happen next. It began with the shifting of troop movements across the fronts of the crusade that the Thousand Sons were stationed upon. Suddenly, and perfunctorily, 15th Legion forces quit the campaigns they were assigned to, the greater part of an entire Legion stating merely that they were returning to muster upon Prospero at the behest of their master. The forces withdrawn appeared to include those commanded by the most senior captains of the Legion, and of the divisions that were once possessed of a deep specialization in one form of Arcana or another. Once upon Prospero, it was clear that whomsoever Magnus had summoned was required by the Primarch for what the most learned of the citizenry who kept records there, presumed was some form of grand scheme within the deeps of the Legion's Prosperine Templums. The picture of what happened subsequently is only possible to construct from sources both disparate and incomplete, many of whom are potentially even apocryphal, for it has been an event that has been loaded with so much conjecture, disinformation, and outright superstition as to have been muddied to the point of near insanity. Nevertheless, one will, of course, try. In one's previous record upon the Daven Incident, where the Warmaster Horus fell to the corrupted blade of a sinister conspiracy, I elaborated upon how, according to sources, Magnus the Red appeared within the visions that befell Lupercal in his internment within the Serpent Temple. The Crimson King brought to his Primarch brother dire warnings of the path he was taking, and to where it would ultimately lead. But if these protestations had any impact upon Horus at all, history has proven them negligible. It is possible that this visitation of Magnus into the dreamscape of one of his brothers required the presence of senior thousand sons, for it was undoubtedly a product of supreme psychic power and control, possibly even beyond that of a mind such as Magnus's. That being said, the 15th Legion would undoubtedly aid their Primarch in what followed. History will record otherwise, but within the secret knowledges, those few archives untrammeled by the wrath of the siege, or the Inquisition, or the sheer relentless march of time, it is recorded that, despairing at what he saw as Horus has lost the light of the Imperium, Magnus the Red sought to warn his father. A fear of treachery everywhere, Magnus claimed he would be unable to trust standard means of astral communication with information of such terrible import. Whether this is true or not remains up for debate. Certainly astro telepathy is an exact medium at best, and certainly Magnus was not exactly incorrect in suspecting agents of treachery had their tendrils into the Imperium to a degree none yet knew, but it must be clearly understood that, for a character such as he, the option he was about to take represented more than expediency and safety. Magnus set about devising a grand ritual to reach his father, the Emperor, personally upon Terra. Such a work had quite literally never been accomplished, or even attempted, nay even dreamed, for the Imperial Palace lay behind psychic defenses unrivaled by any other location in the entire galaxy. Shielded from paranormal and immaterial attack by devices from the dark age of technology, and those wrought by the Emperor's own hand, it was functionally impregnable to any Psyche alive. It would appear that, for his sins, Magnus took this as a challenge, wrapping the act of monstrous defiance with the bands of necessity, claiming to his senior officers to be doing so for the good of the Imperium, even while those, such as Arriman, worried that this was being used merely as a means to demonstrate to his father the error of Nikia. Surely, if Magnus's Saikana can deliver the future of the Imperium by warning the Emperor of Horus' perfidy, then the Emperor's thoughts upon it would be changed. The value of psychic power, untrammeled by regulation, would be proven without doubt. Magnus' true intentions upon the matter can only be speculated upon, just as we can only ever speculate on what was going on within the Emperor's mind when he banned his son's talents so publicly at Nikia. All that remains is what happened. It is a matter of record that, in 004 M31, the Imperial Palace was recorded as having been the epicenter of a calamity, unlike anything that had ever occurred on the planet's side. Massive ground shocks and earthquakes spread out across the subcontinent from the Imperial Palace's heights in the Himalasia, wreaking devastation upon the Hive cities and infrastructure across the Pan-Isiatric reaches. Power grids that fed the palace were completely overwhelmed, depriving Hive's continents away of power, plunging large parts of the throne world into absolute anarchy and stretching the imperialist arbiters to breaking point in vain efforts to maintain social order. The latter was likewise assailed by strange phenomena and manifestations congruent with aetherical incursions from the immaterium, resulting in a massive and sudden upsurge of inexplicable and horrific violence. To those with the ken to see the pattern, what happened was clearly the result of a massive psychic event of a force never seen on a scale that the throne world could possibly record, but noted within the deep annals of the Age of Strife by scholars long since dead of madness. The true damage, however, was rotched the emperor's own personal fief, his laboratories, the sprawling deeply subterranean series of complexes under the Imperial Palace collectively referred to as the Imperial Dungeon. By the records of none other than the 10,000, the vaunted Ligio Custodis, Magnus the Red manifested upon Terra. Before his father, at the epicenter of a work the master of mankind had been conducting in absolute secrecy since the end of the Ullinor campaign. His manifestation cost the emperor, the Imperium, and the human species a prize beyond imagination. It is said in that moment, Magnus the Red recognized the totality of his ignorance and his hubris. What the emperor said to his son we will never know. The destruction wrought by the psychic force unleashed by Magnus to maintain that one moment of incarnation had destroyed utterly technology of an epoch unremembered. Sondering work that had been conducted for centuries, if not millennia. The Imperial Dungeon was almost ruined beyond repair by the actions of the Crimson King, while elsewhere on Terra the estimated death toll caused by everything from psychic emanations to infrastructural failure would reach the hundreds of thousands. There was never an official statement upon the matter, not to the broader Imperium. The arbiters eventually restored civil order upon the throne world, yet the destruction wrought by the inexplicable attack would necessitate repairs so extensive they would ultimately be folded into Rogald Dorn's fortification of the Imperial Palace years later. Behind the palace walls, however, in the depths of the sanctum, censure had already been issued. It had taken near hours. The emperor, it would seem, had taken only the time required to ensure the worst of his son's collateral damage had been accounted for or mitigated before issuing a proclamation of formal censure for Magnus the Red and, by extension, the Thousand Sons. It was not the first time in Imperial history a Primarch had been censured. Magnus' brother Lorgar had suffered similarly from the transgressions against their Imperial father decades before in the ashes of Monarchia, but this case was altogether far more severe. Whereas Lorgar had been summoned in Bade Neal, Magnus was to be brought bodily before the throne to answer for his actions and to account for his ignoring of the emperor's own proclamation upon Nikia. Lorgar was disappointed and disobeyed. Magnus' crimes were in orders of magnitude greater. Many even quietly wondered whether or not the Fifteenth Son would now suffer the same fate as the Second or the Eleventh, forgotten and purged. Certainly, this fear was not allayed by the naming of just who was tasked to bring the Crimson King to Terra. The emperor appointed none other than Lehman Russ, Primarch of the Sixth Legion Space Wolves, Magnus' staunchest critic, the Imperial Executioner himself, as the one Bade to deliver the Cyclops before him. By any and all means necessary. The summons were dispatched through the astropathic choirs of Terra, be they an utter disarray, to Fenris, home of the Sixth Legion, and the court of Horace Lupercal, for the Warmaster must of course be appraised of such a grave matter of Imperial internal affairs. Much, of course, was made by the highest echelons of the Terran regime about the choice of the Vilca Fenrica for this assignment. The bellicose and isolated Legion had a dark and blood-stained history, their unswerving loyalty considered not that of noble paragons of Imperial virtue, but that of an attack dog, desperate to slip the leash and savage itself upon the foes of its master. This, too, was even before one considered the well-known enmity that existed between Russ and Magnus, the Wolf King having been the Cyclops' most vocal critic for decades. The coming confrontation, with Russ granted the highest of approvals to bring his brother to task by seemingly any means he desired, would be one unlike any the Imperium had ever seen. The manner of its unfolding, well, for that, dearest Acolytes, we may require more context in the histories of the legions involved, until those records can be committed to this archive. Aave, Imperator. Gloria, in Excelsis, Terra. Otherwise, please like, subscribe, comment, let me know your feedback, and as ever, thank you very much for watching.


Guys, we are officially saving our bath. We've been having 10 koi lights. There they are. He just just gone to get some more stuff. So I'm just applying to someone on Twitter. So as you can see, I do need to do a bit of a retouch up. Guys, it is Sunday. How are you all feeling? Little sock where Becca lost her sock in my flat. And then she noticed when Lydia leases your sock. And Lydia, find your sock. I found your sock, Becca. Hey, guys. What's going on? I walked into the bus station. Got me and Becca some things. I got myself some more heat pads. I've had them in so embarrassing a few people looked in there. She's the biggest freak ever. That's fine. Oh my God. Where's the cheeks? Secure your home for September. I should don't or... Oh. I wonder why. It's not worth it. Use the carpet. I literally really need to hoop out. So that's even inside a freeway. Yeah, he's had a freeway in here. Throwing yourself over there. I am. It's good.  I'm still sat on the car on my own. So today, we're doing a drive-thru, though. Oh, there's a fun story in my morning. My dry shampoo bottle exploded. What? Box. You know my purple box? Oh, yeah. Oh, my childhood socks. Why do you have to go and make things so complicated? Morning, guys. It's like even the morning. No, it's actually one of folk. Oh, we've got a mountain to sort out in a very literal sense.


Welcome back. We will continue our discussion of history. The question is how did the laws of thermodynamics originate? Actually how do the laws of physics originate? Thermodynamics is a part of physics. So let us look at the history of the laws of physics. See curious humans always studied nature and that is why parts of science were earlier known as natural science and natural philosophy. It was essentially a study of nature. And our understanding of study of nature led to some generalizations using inductive law. And these generalizations are today known as laws of physics. Of course, we are looking at physics. Other branches of science will have their own laws but the general scheme is essentially this. Even in physics if you look at for example, if you look at mechanical aspects, movement of bodies, acceleration, deceleration, gravitation, you finally end up with Newton's laws of mechanics. Whereas if you look at thermal aspects, you end up with laws of thermodynamics. But we know that nature is complex. And hence even if we look at just the energy and thermal aspects, the way we look at the nature, the behavior of nature, different people will generalize it in different ways. And over the years various people looked at it and generalized it in different ways. And hence the laws of thermodynamics also have the status that there are different ways of stating them. In fact, even different order in which they are explained and studied. These are known as different formulations of the laws of thermodynamics. For example, Joule proposed the first law in one way, Gibbs proposed the first law in another way. So, you can say that there is a Julian formulation of thermodynamics. There is a Gibbsian formulation of thermodynamics. When it comes to second law, we have a Kelvin's formulation of thermodynamics. So, we have Joule's formulation, we have Gibbs formulation, then we have Kelvin's formulation. Each one has its advantages and disadvantages. The modern formulations belong to a few people. A very significant name is Constantine Karatheode, a French-German scientist-mathematician. His formulation of thermodynamics based on mathematics and geometry is what we are going to use for the first law of thermodynamics. He has also a very nice formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Unfortunately, that is too complex in mathematics for us engineers to understand. So, when it comes to the second law of thermodynamics, we will be using the Kelvin's formulation for the second law. Apart from that, there is a formulation by a mathematician Joule's which is an excellent formulation in the discrete domain. So, today we can say that the two major formulations of thermodynamics are those by Karatheode and Joule's. Thank you.