Welcome to Learning English, a daily 30-minute program from The Voice of America. I'm Ashley Thompson. And I'm Dan Novak. This program is designed for English learners, so we speak a little slower, and we use words and phrases, especially written for people learning English. Coming up on the program, Katie Weaver has a story on the spread of bird flu in South America. Brian Lin has the science report on the upcoming Total Solar Eclipse. Later, Jill Robbins and Gina Bennett present the lesson of the day. But first, Anna Mateo reads one of the winning entries from our Teach Us About Ukraine writing contest. My name is Nadia Keban. I am from Cherkasy, and this is my essay. They come in white, red, orange, brown, and yellow. They are the flowers in the gardens of Ukraine. And they are the lessons that I learned from childhood. As a child, I remember plenty of snowdrops in my grandmother's garden. The fragile petals managed to blossom despite a heavy snowstorm. I wanted to bring the white flowers into the house, but I was not permitted to step on them or to pick them. My parents said, We must all cherish the snowdrops. There is no use in withered flowers. Little did I know back then that snowdrops were very rare, and they almost disappeared. I did not know it was more important to have them in the garden. Luckily, there were people who knew better. They created a reserve in Holognia to protect and care for those beautiful white flowers. They taught me to care for and protect even the smallest things. I lived in a village where children always helped to take care of its flower beds. At school, our class weeded beds of roses nearby. It was great fun to be outdoors in the fresh air. Moreover, the roses looked splendid. They smelled sweet in the sun, and girls used to pin them in their hair. Even now, when I close my eyes, I can still smell the beautiful roses. The first time I worked in a bed of roses, I prickled my hand with small but sharp thorns. I did not know that such beauty could hurt you. I understood then that it took much pain to gain something so beautiful. That was one of the most important lessons in my life. If I want something, I must be ready to work hard for it. The roses taught me to be persistent and hearty. And the roses showed me no pain, no gain. What comes to your mind when you hear the word garden? I see marigolds. I see orange, brown, and yellow marigolds. There are so many marigolds in the gardens of Ukrainians that it is hard not to notice them. People sing songs about marigolds. They are everywhere, under the apple trees, in the strawberries, near the fences, in the flower beds, and even on the roads. I used to plant marigolds with my mother. We gathered the seeds in autumn. Then we shared and exchanged the seeds with our friends or neighbors.  My father told stories and we chatted and joked. Marigolds remind me of home and the best moments of our lives. They taught me to share and communicate, to be a daughter and a friend. I'm Anna Mateo. The deadly H5N1 bird flu virus is spreading more aggressively than ever before since its arrival in South America in 2022. It is killing wild birds and marine mammals on the continent. Reuters recently spoke to eight experts in bird flu science. All said, the current spread raises the risk of the virus becoming a bigger threat to humans. The more immediate concern is that the disease, which once affected mostly bird life, appears to be spreading between mammals. The disease has already killed several dolphins in Chile and Peru. It has also killed about 50,000 seals and sea lions along the coasts and at least half a million birds across South America. Scientists have not yet tested infections in living animals to confirm mammal-to-mammal passage of the virus, but they believe it is very likely. It's almost certainly happened, said Richard Webby. He is a virologist at St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. It's pretty hard to explain some of these large infections and die-off without having mammal-to-mammal spread. The same version of the virus has appeared in many bird species. Among them are migrating species, scientists told Reuters. As climate change continues, animals are forced to move into new territories. Often mixing with animals and viruses that are new to them. It's a matter of time before you will detect the first South American strain in North America, said Alonso Alfaro Núñez, a viral ecologist at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. The growing concern led the Intergovernmental Pan-American Health Organization, PAHO, to gather health experts and officials for a meeting this week in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The group plans to launch the world's first regional program to supervise bird flu spread. The program will run observation and response efforts, a PAHO official told Reuters. Since the virus was first detected in Colombia in October 2022, there have been two known cases in humans on the continent. One was in Ecuador, the other was in Chile. Birds passed the virus in each case. The patients survived, but often H5N1 kills. About 60% of human cases of the virus end in death. The World Health Organization is unlikely to raise the H5N1 risk level for humans from the current low right now. The experts would require evidence of human-to-human transmission or signs of viral changes that would target humans, experts said. Several drug makers have said they are developing bird flu vaccines for humans. We're seeing the virus do little evolutionary steps that are on the long term moving towards a potential human infection, said Ralph Van Streels. He is a researcher at the University of California, Davis. He is studying South American variants of H5N1. With health officials and experts meeting in Rio this week, Latin American countries will be pressured to increase disease surveillance in the wild. The region's data is lacking and limited resources have left scientists struggling to understand how the disease is spreading in the wild. Scientists expect the number of cases is probably much higher than reported. Some cases are not getting laboratory testing. Bolivia, for example, did not register a case in the wild last year. But the disease has been reported in surrounding countries, said Manuel Jose Sanchez Vazquez, a disease expert for Pajos Animal Health Center. Overseeing, the disease response can also be complex, Sanchez noted. Public health officials deal with threats to humans. Agricultural experts and veterinarians deal with health threats to farm animals, including birds, cows, and pigs. But for wild animal health, care and supervision is provided mostly by environmental officials. The new Regional Commission is expected to be announced on Thursday. The group would aim to set methods for observing, treating, and reporting cases among government agencies. It could also help in sharing laboratory resources. We are worried and we are vigilant, Sanchez said. The more adaptation of the virus to mammals, the more likely it is that transmission to humans could happen. I'm Katie Weaver. A total solar eclipse will take place in North America on April 8th. Millions of people will be able to fully experience the event, which is expected to darken the sky for more than four minutes.  This results in sunlight being blocked. The quality of the observations will depend on weather and the position where people watch the eclipse from. The path of totality, meaning places where people will see a total blockage of the sun, will stretch across areas of Mexico, the United States, and Canada. People in North America who are outside of this path will still be able to see a partial eclipse. The American Space Agency, NASA, says the eclipse will begin over the South Pacific and reach Mexico's Pacific Coast at around 11.07 a.m. Pacific time. It will then enter the United States in Texas. The path of totality will then pass through a series of states before heading out from the northernmost state of Maine. The eclipse will enter Canada in Ontario and move across the nation before leaving northeastern Canada into the Atlantic. An estimated 44 million people live inside the 185 kilometer-wide path of totality with about 32 million in the U.S. The eclipse is expected to last four minutes and 28 seconds, about twice as long as the one that darkened skies in 2017. The U.S. is not set to see another coast-to-coast total solar eclipse until 2045. NASA's Eclipse Watch program is led by Kelly Kurek. She told the Associated Press, the eclipse will permit many people to experience the wonder of the universe without going very far. People outside the path of totality will still be able to see a partial eclipse. The farther these people are from the path, the less the sun will be covered. For example, experts say Americans farthest from this path, such as in the northwestern cities of Seattle and Portland, will see about one-third of the sun blocked. As was the case with past eclipse events, people are being warned about the dangers of looking directly at the sun during the event. Since normal sunglasses are not considered effective protection, special eclipse glasses are suggested for eclipse watchers. The glasses should only be removed during moments when the sun's face is covered during complete totality. A total solar eclipse develops in several different parts or stages. The event starts with a partial eclipse as the moon begins to pass between Earth and the sun. During this stage, a partial blockage leaves the sun looking a bit like a banana. During the next stage, called Bailey's Beads, points of light from the sun shine around the moon's edges. This effect is produced by the moon's differing landscapes. NASA notes this stage is quite short and may not last long enough to be noticeable to all observers of the total solar eclipse. In the diamond ring stage, a single bright spot appears along the lunar edge even as the sun's atmosphere leaves a ring of light around the moon. This effect, which comes right before totality, looks similar to a diamond ring. After totality, the other stages then repeat as the moon keeps moving along its path until the end of the eclipse. Total solar eclipses generally happen every few years, often in the middle of nowhere, like the South Pacific or Antarctic. The next total solar eclipse will arrive in 2026. It will be observable along the northern edges of Greenland, Iceland and Spain. North America will not experience totality again until 2033, with that one only passing over Alaska. It will happen next in 2044, with totality limited to western Canada and the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota. The next coast-to-coast total solar eclipse in the U.S. is expected to happen in 2045. NASA says that one will stretch from northern California to Cape Canaveral, Florida. I'm Brian Lin. Brian Lin is here now to talk more about his science report. Thanks for joining me, Brian. Sure, Dan. Glad to be here. This week's report dealt with an upcoming total solar eclipse arriving in North America on April 8th. We learned that only people within a certain path will experience complete totality during the eclipse. What can people outside this limited path expect to see? It has been explained that the path of totality will start in Mexico before entering the southern U.S. in Texas and will keep passing over a stretch of the country until exiting the state of Maine and then heading towards Canada. While people in the path of totality will see the sun completely blacked out, those in other areas will not. But they will see a partial eclipse still and it will really depend on how close they are to that path of totality that will determine how much sunblockage they see. The report notes that these total solar eclipses generally happen every few years. What can you tell us about the next one? Yes, that total eclipse is set to arrive on August 12th, 2026. And this time it will not be passing over North America. Instead, experts say totality will be visible for people in Russia, Greenland, and parts of Europe. In Europe, the path of totality will move across Iceland, Spain, and Portugal. And that eclipse is expected to last two minutes and 18 seconds. So that one will be quite short compared to the one coming to North America next month which will last about four and a half minutes. Well, I'm pretty excited for April 8th. I hope it's a sunny day. Thanks again for joining me, Brian. You're welcome. Thank you, Dan. Hi, Gina. Did you hear Anna's having a party? No, I didn't. It's this weekend? Yes, and you just gave me an example of what I want to talk about today. What are we talking about today? Restating using intonation to clarify what you heard. And you did that by raising your voice at the end of a sentence, like this. It's this weekend? So it's not really in the question form where we usually change the order of the subject and verb. Instead, here we are using the same word order but adding rising intonation to clarify we heard correctly. That's something really useful for people learning English, isn't it? You bet. And let's learn English lesson 10. We see Ashley going over to Anna's house. Let me guess. She'll ask about how to get there? You just did it again. I'm really good at this. Let's listen. Hi, today my friend Ashley is coming over. I'm showing her my new apartment. That's Ashley calling. Hi, Anna. I'm coming to your apartment. Where is your apartment? My apartment is near the Columbia Heights Metro. It is near the Columbia Heights Metro? Yes, exit the Metro and turn right. Then at the bus station, turn left. Then walk straight ahead. How many times did you hear Ashley restate what she heard using rising intonation? I think she did it twice. It is near the Columbia Heights Metro. And exit Metro, turn right, turn left, then go straight ahead. I'm Gina Bennett and you're listening to Voice of America's Learning English podcast. I think there's another good point we can teach from this lesson, Dr. Jill. What's that, Gina? The verb forms are all in the imperative. Sometimes we call it the command form. I get confused when someone gives me directions using a different form. I know what you mean. So this is just the simple verb, no endings, exit, turn, go. Let's hear how Anna says it again. Yes, exit the Metro and turn right. Then at the bus station, turn left. Then walk straight ahead. I noticed Anna tried to help Ashley with some more information, a landmark to look for. Listen to what she says about a coffee shop. Okay, exit Metro, turn right, turn left, then go straight ahead. Yes, my apartment is near a coffee shop. Okay, see you soon. Hi, Ashley. Hello, Anna. Which coffee shop? There are three coffee shops. Okay, my apartment is across from a big department store. A big department store? Ah, I see it. Hey Jill, did you notice? Ashley did that thing again with raising her voice at the end of a sentence to make sure she understood about the department store. Hi Ashley. Hello, Anna. Which coffee shop? There are three coffee shops. Okay, my apartment is across from a big department store. A big department store? Ah, I see it. In the next lesson, lesson 11, we see Marcia is helping Anna find things in her neighborhood. There's the usual question you hear when someone is asking directions that begins with where is. Marcia, before we get ice cream, I need to return three books to the library. Where is the library? It is on this street, on the corner. That's right, you can ask that way, or you can use another expression. Anna needs to mail some letters, so she asks. Anna, what are those in the book? Marcia, these are letters to my family and friends back home. Four letters. Is there a post office near here? I'm Jill Robbins, and you're listening to Voice of America's Learning English podcast. Marcia helps Anna, but doesn't send her to the post office. Let's listen. Um, no. The post office is far from here. But there is a mailbox across from the store. Awesome, let's go. Marcia, now I need to buy stamps. Do you have cash? No. Is there a bank near here? There is a bank behind you. Now I have cash. I can buy stamps. That store sells stamps. Wait here. I have stamps. Wow, you're fast. Thank you. Thank you, Letters, for sending my words, my love, to my family and friends back home. Do you have more cash? I do. Ice cream! The bank is near our apartment. Even hair salons and ice cream. Until next time. I noticed she helped her with two things she needed, money and stamps. That reminds me, Gina, are you driving to Anna's party on Saturday? I plan to. Why? Do you need a ride? You guessed it. That's another kind of question. I asked you a yes-no question, but I really wanted to ask for more information. Like, your question leads to another one. Can you give me a ride? Sure, I'd be glad to. If you don't mind riding on the back of my motorcycle. Sounds like fun. See you on Saturday. And that's our program for today. Join us again tomorrow to keep learning English through stories from around the world. And I'm Dan Novak.


Because I'm used to it, doesn't it? Plus you're all the way down here. Yeah, I'm all the way down here, so yeah.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's case breaks.com. Happy Wednesday. We're coming at you with 2020 panini mosaic football red division break number two Big thanks to and let's see here all cards will ship a lot a lot of fun stuff here and Big thanks to this group of people right here and the divisions. Well cheerios. I guess you're stuck with me then Let's roll it. Let's randomize it three and a five eight times for names and divisions one two three four five six seven and eighth and final time. Teddy Jaspy is pretty funny. James down to Greg after eight and three and a five eight times for the divs one two three four five six seven and eighth and final time. After eight we've got the NFC west down to the AFC east. All right, so James with the NFC west Eric with the NFC north James with the NFC south Matthew with the AFC north Roy with the NFC east Jay with the AFC south Jonathan with the AFC west last five mojo star and Greg with the AFC east. Let's sort this by column B by division and we'll uh, I guess we'll Pause the video anyone want to trade divisions Roy James Jonathan? Maybe we should just roll Here are the boxes right here. There are the two boxes Hobby boxes right there. All right, maybe no trades All right, let's roll trade window closed TWC Let's print and rip Good luck everybody. I do not I'm on the main channel here on the YouTube But I think Jason will be back on soon Atch as these breaks Instagram Atch as these breaks Is where we do our Instagram live? Atch as these breaks is also our Twitter. So follow us both places ladies and gentlemen. We appreciate that This around here. What are we looking for in here some silver prisms some mosaics? Thanks again, it's the final print out hot off the presses Let's see what we got and Jeff Gladney is our first autograph There's two a box. Yeah, there's two autographs a box so this will be For the Vikings NFC North Eric with that one Oh and a red Justin Herbert. It's pretty nice. That's a AFC West Jonathan There you go, John Red Justin Herbert boom It's a Jalen Hertz MVP's Tom Brady Jalen Hertz of course going to the NFC East. That'll be for Roy. I think the Eagles got a new backup recently Someone's backing them up. You got a Teddy Bridgewater silver and a Randy Moss to 49 nice little color match here The purple with the purple 24 out of 49 Nice NFL debut Joe Burrow Joe Flacco, that's right Joe Flacco is the back backup QB1. Maybe mr. Fried is saying AFC North Matthew Shearer Yeah, cheer others. There's there's a there's advantages pros and cons to both group breaks and personals. That's why we offer both Studio Smith Schuster. He's back with the Steelers Yeah, for the people who want to get all the cards themselves personal boxes are a perfect option Some people are just collecting specific players or specific teams. So then at that point getting one team across multiple boxes Is a good way to go as well Here's a silver Henry rugs for my Raiders. AFC West nice Barry Sanders red Yeah, but a lot a lot of different options for everybody Zach Moss To the AFC East Greg with the Buffalo Bills J-Dog. What's going on Jose and a redemption? Oh And he guesses on that redemption for bragging rights There's a CJ Henderson blue to 99 That's for Jacksonville AFC South It'll be for Jay Colts edition of Peyton Manning and an NFL debut to a tongue of I love AFC East Greg looks like it sounds like indications are that To is not going anywhere that he's that there were some rumors with with they trade somewhere where they draft with they Know looks like looks like he's sticking around Mark Andrews is pretty good. I guess Russell Wilson's sticking around now, too After all that bluster There's a base to a tongue of I love nice It's another one for Greg in the AFC East Cheerios guessing CD lamb on the redemption Michael Irvin Chris Godwin Super Bowl champ There's a Silver Eddie George Lou Keekley Devin DuVernay Antonio Gibson and TJ Watt Redemption is gonna be La Michael P. Ryan for the Jets Rookie autographs mosaic. That's gonna be for the AFC East AFC East Did I say NFC? I think I said Greg with the AFC East and a free top loader Which are seem to be pretty? Pretty rare these days They're still top loader shortages all over the place don't be surprised ladies and gentlemen with with with some of the Heavier card stock breaks There's gonna be a lot of a lot of blue taping on the On those cards. We're gonna be we're struggling with the top loaders Short is just like everybody else. So a lot of times you're gonna see Cards put in larger top loaders and then just taped blue tape So just be careful. Is there any other NFL news going on? Cowboys informed free agent Alden Smith that he won't return T. Y. Hilton returned to the Colts on a one-year deal Coleman first Niner to join Robert Salas Jets, Tevin Coleman going to New York. Yeah, I saw that too Daniel Snyder buying out the minority owners So you can buy out the rest of the owners, huh? X chiefs running back Williams to join Bears, which Darren Williams or Damien Williams Daryl Williams Damien Williams Will be joining the Bears on a one-year deal At least from ESPN. That's the top-end line today beyond Clowney going to the Browns, huh? kind of a scary scary front there for for Cleveland, there's Josh Allen and Jake Luton is your autograph AFC South J for the Jags Buying to get about 80% of the team premise saying What did he have? What did he have before? 51 There's a Joe Burrow for the AFC North Matthew Shearer Got a silver TJ Hawkinson. I've got a red Brian Burns. The red's not numbered but Obviously all card ship in this right? Do we say all card ship? Yeah, all card ship. I see we I saw that news yesterday. We were talking about yesterday, Mike That they may that they may consider holding on to watching the football team, which I guess is all right It's a little boring though, isn't it? It's Joe Burrow red this time for Matthew Shearer in the AFC North Nice, there's a patch from my home. There's a Tua NFL debut to a Tungo by Loa AFC East and a stained glass patch from my home. It's pretty nice We've got a Jalen Ravor NFL debut silver. I think I said this yesterday, too. I think I would like to see the Washington football team Be called the hogs Washington DC hogs Like they're the nickname for their old offensive line and we got DeAndre Swift NFC North Eric with the NFC North Washington disco ninjas, you know, I think they should be maybe not the disco ninjas like a disco cat Right, so you still get the deep Washington DC the Washington District, Columbia disco cats and then every time there's like a touchdown a cat We'll run out there to disco music and dance There's Devon DuVernay rookie silver Derek Henry stare masters to 25 Derek Henry for the AFC South J. Goins with the South This is for the AFC North It'll be for Matthew Shearer Right there you go. Now you're talking Mike Tower a cat in a white leather suit. There's a Danny and Tomlinson AJ Dylan Heather Jalen hurts NFL debut and FC East Roy. There's Mahomes What about Chase Young Joshua? Yeah, they got Chase Young out there. There's Len Dawson eight out of 49 And that is that Len Dawson for the AFC West that was fun Love mosaic football, especially hobby addition. We've got another two box divisional break in the store So check it out on jazby's case breaks.com. I'm Joe and I'll break more of that with you And we'll talk more football with you too. We'll see you next time. Bye. Bye


What's up guys welcome to today's video so today I've got a really awesome men's haircut lined up for you guys So I'm gonna show you guys how to do a French crop. That is a pretty cool trending haircut It's got a nice sharp bang but tons of texture popped into it.  This is the tri razor by freeslaw and education So if you guys haven't picked up a tri razor make sure you go to our online store shop fse That's shop freeslaw and education. I'll link it in the description below You can pick up a tri razor. It's 44 95. It's one of the most fun tools ever to cut with I'll show you guys how to use it at the end of this cup I'm gonna walk you guys through this whole entire haircut step by step if at any point you're watching this video and you're thinking man I like this video. Can you please hit the like button? Share this video with your friends make sure you subscribe to our channel hit the notification bell So you get an alert anytime I post a video. I got tons of videos like this coming out all of the time So let's get into the technique. Here we go. All right guys, so we're gonna start off by sectioning Sectioning is pretty simple We're just gonna separate the top and the bottom and I like to work that right around that parietal ridge area So where the head curves up to the top and kind of separates from side to top. That's where you're gonna section it off I'm also using the FSE velcro clips. You can see how easy it holds the hair over and now I'm gonna go in with my clipper I'm using the andis master clipper. This is the new cordless version and I'm using a one and a half guard To start I don't want to take the edges too short or the sides too short But what I do is I kind of rock the clipper out right at that occipital bone area right above the temple And then I work through clipper over comb. This is kind of my go-to technique for me. I'm not a barber I don't do really tight fades that often in the salon, but I do haircuts like this all day long I've got a 90% male clientele at this point in my career. So I love men's hair. I work through it I use clipper over comb as a staple technique of mine and then I detail everything with scissor over comb after so you'll see I kind of Elevate that comb at about a 45 degree angle off of the head and then I'll go in and just do some fine-tuning detail work using my blacksmith fit scissor This is by Mizetani. It's a six and a half inch blade Love that length for scissor over comb work If you're looking to upgrade your scissors if you want to get the velcro clips anything that you see me using on this Video you can pick it up on shop FSE, which is our online store now. I go in with some texturizing now I use a texturizing scissor Really just to soften the outer perimeter of my lines So just to soften not to go in and try to remove too much weight or try to hide things You're really using that texturizing scissor just to soften the edge, which gives you a softer effect It's also great for thick hair to just kind of allow it to lay a little bit softer and grow out a little bit better So now we're gonna work into the top just where the magic happens you get that fade done And now I saturate the hair work through it and we're gonna start off in that calic area So what I do is I assess where does that calic want to fall? How does the hair want to move and grow out of the head and then that's exactly how I cut it? There's no reason to force hair to do something that it doesn't want to do so you can see all the angles that I'm taking from behind the ear all the way around to the other ear. It's all gonna be Really dictated on that calic and how it's shooting out of the head if they have two calics do the same exact thing Just kind of work off of that calic and let the hair again do exactly what it wants to do now We're gonna work through the top. I'm gonna start off by cutting a guideline Parallel to the floor and we're gonna work our way across now This is where I really want you guys to pay attention to the pattern that I'm doing as I work across the head I want a traveling guide all the way towards the front So basically what I do is I take section two pull it back to one then I take section three pull it back to two Section four back to three and kind of work my way towards the front Then when I get to the front all of this is coming straight up off of the head Not too much over direction because I'm not trying to push too much length into the front And then I go through and I blow dry to really see the texture feel how thick the hair looks see where it's bulky And then this is now how I'm gonna go in and really start to customize this haircut What takes a good haircut and makes it great is the tiny little details that you put into it that little extra that you go About it I'm obsessed right now about what my client's hair looks like three weeks after I cut it not just the initial day, right? So we're gonna go in we're taking our Mizutani Yuragi six scissor cuts about 20 30 percent of the hair And I just use that to cut some of the blunt lines because it's gonna it's gonna cut them blunt But it's gonna make them soft so you can see the soft edge that we get with it Working those details through sliding the scissor through the fringe now using the tip of my regular cutting scissor my precision scissor and Working through that now you see that blunt line coming in now Here's the tri razor this is where we get to have some fun guys So I take a section parallel to the wall I put my Velcro clip in and I just slide that 25 texture side cuts 25% of the hair starts really popping in texture you guys will see it In a second as I start to style this up do the same thing here parallel to the wall Now we're in the fringe area. So look how I slide that 25 texture in and I piece it in different little areas throughout the head And it just creates this really cool movement and texture look how it's already popping through so it was so bland and boring before And now we're really seeing it come to life So imagine being able to take product and just throw it in there and it makes the style happen too often We're trying to use product to hide Things in a haircut or to make it do something that it doesn't want to do if you cut the hair right the products just in addition It just really is the accent to a great haircut. So now we're gonna go in speaking of product using Mitch by Paul Mitchell This is the reformer. It's got a really nice matte finish firm hold and look at all that texture guys I just love it. I'll show you guys the highlighting technique one of these days coming up as well So make sure you subscribe to the channel for that. I hope you guys like it Let me know in the comments below what you think. I hope you love it as much as I do Can't wait to show you guys another video real soon and that's it guys.  So good luck


Hey guys, it's Nate, aka the foot account. Welcome back to the channel. Another day of foot miss is coming today. I want to look at some possible SBCs and objective players that we could get today on FIFA Ultimate team and look at some other possible SBCs we could get as well. This is day five of foot miss. We are expecting the Uruguay nationality and one of the teams from I think it's Everton, but we kind of already know who it is, right? Because these SBCs, people know the schedule now. I mean, this happens almost every year with foot miss. We end up figuring out which SBCs are going to be coming out via leaks. There are leaks almost every single year for these SBCs. I mean, FIFA 18, they had the whole squad. They had to re-change the squad. Was it FIFA 18? Yeah, FIFA 18, they had the entire squad of foot miss. They got leaked. So then they changed some of the players. Last year we knew some of the players. And now this year again, people knew that today Marillo and Rashford were coming. It was leaked. So according to those same leaks today, for number five, we should be getting Cavani and Anaki Williams. I'll show you guys a quick graphic over here on Twitter that I found on Twitter. This is Anaki Williams and Cavani, I think with decent boosts. Anaki Williams could be a really sick card, right? I mean, this is a card that could really get into a lot of people's teams if it is a good value striker card. Two striker cards is kind of interesting in my opinion. If EA is actually going to follow these leaks, now I'd be really curious to see if they know that we have caught on. And if they were able to go out and change it up fast enough so that we would not get either of these two SBCs. Now, if they do change it up, we haven't gotten any Premier League SBCs except for today we got Rashford. But other than that, we haven't gotten any Premier League SBC cards during foot mis so far. So maybe if they do end up changing it up instead of Anaki Williams, they could very well go with somebody from Everton as the SBC that we could get today. So again, it's looking like it's going to be Anaki Williams and Cavani today. It really is. It could be any other Iroquois and then like Everton or Athletic Bilbao. I think there's a couple other teams there as well. But we haven't got as many Prem or La Liga SBCs. We've gotten mostly Serie A, a couple Bundesliga and some Liga. I mean, the La Liga and the Prem have been kind of spared so far for a lot of these SBCs. So also today, I do believe that we are going to get another objective because they said we're getting six objective players. And this is a countdown of 12 days.  So we are on pace for another objective player today. Both of these players set in defensive mids in their respective leagues. So I'm thinking it's probably possible that we get somebody from the Bundesliga this time around. So again, it's probably going to be Bundesliga if we're getting a league on SBC and a La Liga SBC. I would say that it's very possible. It's a Bundesliga objective player, just kind of my guess. And there are a couple, you know, when you're thinking of objective players, who is somebody that could get into objectives. I think this would be a guy that a lot of people would want in objectives and somebody, a lot of people would want to grind towards this. Because this would link to the past expired Vitzel SBC, which I know a decent amount of people did because it was good value. Just because it was actually cheap or a decent card. But if you give this guy, you know, foot miss boost, we're talking 83 to 85. He probably have above 80 pace. He might have like 85, 86 defending, 83 physical. This could be a really, really good card that a lot of people would go and try to get from objectives, especially because of the Mbabu that a lot of people have as well. That road to the final Mbabu which got upgraded. A lot of people are using that and he's a very, very good card in this game. I've played against him and he's a beast, honestly. So this would be like a very nice choice from EA, right? This would be a card that a lot of people would like to use. And I think a lot of people would go and complete that objective, even if they made it kind of hard.  So this would be an added boost to the objectives, I think, if EA would like to put that out. So those are kind of the predictions for today. Of course, it's not really a prediction, right? I don't want to spend too much time talking about it because it's like a leak, man. We already know that it is coming. So I want to talk about the rest of the stuff that could be coming today. Are we going to get any more foot miss challenge SBCs? Did we got these two SBCs the first two days and since then we haven't had any pack supply? Now, during the team of the group stage, we didn't get any pack supply on Monday as well. So if you guys are trying out any of these new team of the year nominee cards, I would be very hesitant with them tonight as we head into nighttime because they didn't really get any supply today and all it takes for these cards is literally just one SBC, right? All it takes for these is one SBC and they're getting supplied on the market because they have very high pack weight. Allison's about 110 right now, which is up from where he was in the middle of the day. He was around 100,000 coins, I believe. Even this morning, he's around 100K. So if you have any of these cards right now, there's a couple of stirlings that I bought at 125-ish because right when Rashford came out, I went out and I got a couple of stirlings because I wanted to see if he could possibly rise up in the hype after Rashford and it looks like right now, Sterling is 130, so it's about the same. I'm trying to offload those for 140 or so, which these cards are still kind of rare to be honest. We haven't had lightning rounds with these and if you look at Sterlings at 140, there's four of them, five, six, seven, eight, nine. So there's only nine Sterlings within the hour at 140. So these cards are kind of hard to find for some people. So I do think I could probably get a few sells there. If not, I can probably break even after tax, selling it just over like 135. Maybe we'll see if we can get some sales there on those. But if you guys do have those in your team, if you're trying them out or whatever, I would say that I'd be very, very careful with them. Again, those new team of your nominee cards, I would be very, very careful because if there is a pack supply SBC today, which I think there will be, because again, can I get Frankie here? That's what I'm trying to find. Frankie DeYoung. There we go. Last week during Team The Group Stage, there were no pack supply SBCs on Monday and then Tuesday we did get pack supply. So I would assume that we're going to get more pack supply SBCs today. We haven't had a famous challenge SBCs since Saturday. So I do think that it's very possible we get another one of these SBCs today and then these cards are going to get packed. And then that'll also be a last-minute supply for this week's Team of the Week. If you want to invest in any cards from this week's Team of the Week, I'm kind of a fan of Wabi Saka to be honest with you. I mean, this is a pretty solid right-back card in the prem. It looked right around 50,000 coins, which she is actually up a little bit. Okay. 51-52k. If you see this card for like in the 40s, I'm a big fan of it, especially tomorrow being Tuesday, the last day this guy's in packs. And maybe snag in a couple of this guy if you can in the 40,000 coin range, maybe like 45k, I think that could be a riser out of packs because this week's Team of the Week doesn't have a ton of supply. There were some pack supply SBCs that came out when this team was in packs during group stages, but there weren't lightning rounds. And that's really key for a Team of the Week when there's not lightning rounds. Then usually those cards are a bit more rare on the market. And we like that in terms of investing out of packs and stuff like that. So obviously, a right-back footless card from the prem or a very cheap right-back card could hurt. A card like that out of packs, but that's kind of my thought there. That's a decent card. If you want to invest in this week's Team of the Week, that would be a decent one to put some money into. Other things we could see today, player of the month, Timo Werner. As I'm recording this right now, a surge in average is set to expire in a few hours. The voting is over, but it really doesn't even need to be contested. To be honest, it really does not need to be contested. Timo Werner should be winning this month's player of the month for the Bundesliga. His end form has been panicked soul off. I think he's down under 190 now?  Yeah, yeah, yeah. People know it's coming. So this card was at 180, something like 180 flat at his lowest. Ooh, 177 right now. So I do think you're going to see some more panic on this card into the morning as the award is announced and the SBC should come out. And you'll see more panic on this card. And of course, it's going to be another situation where this is going to be, this is one of the most popular cards in the Bundesliga because of the pace, right? Werner is the pacey striker in the Bundesliga so far. That's kind of the option that we have in FIFA as our striker from the Bundesliga. Getting a player of the month, I assume a lot of people will do this SBC if it is fairly valued. You know, especially because he's just a popular player in this game. He fits the meta. Another dribbling boost is going to put his balance hopefully around 80. Ball control and reactions are going to be close to 90. Composer is going to creep up towards 80. He'll peak over 90 finishing. His stamina will get close to 90. So with a decent upgrade, this card could be a really, really solid card. And I'm hoping to give him a plus two player of the month. A plus two player of the month would be sick. And if they make this SBC somewhere around like 300,000 coins, I think a lot of people would go out and do it because that would be a better value SBC than we have gotten so far during foot miss, right? So, I mean, of course, we did get the rash for today. So that is a striker. But this SBC being around 250,000 coins for an upgrade that was mostly in dribbling and physical or passing in physical one of the two is just kind of BS, to be honest. Just when you're going to upgrade these cards, EA, just please upgrade them in the stats that matter, like shooting and pace and maybe dribbling. But I don't know, man, these foot miss SBCs have been very confusing. If you're running a Serie A team, like full out Serie A, then this card might not be a bad shot for you. But, you know, 50K, not terrible. If you did Quadrado, maybe you get a card to link with him. That's a fun type card, right? That's a fun type card, but not a must have. Nothing near a must have card. The other thing that I want to talk about today is dealing with road to the finals. I'll actually show you my tranche list first. And I tweeted some of this out this morning when I woke up and I saw the UCL draw was over. It just ended. There was a lot of panic selling on some of these road to the final cards. Now, I didn't really pick up enough of them. I think I still have a Sancho left selling at around 165 if I can get a bite there. I bought this Militale at 515, sold it at 600.  I think it had a shadow chem style on it. But he was 510K, even a little bit under that earlier today. We go and look at some graphs and foot bin. A lot of these road to the final cards either shot up right away or they went down a bunch early on in the morning due to the panic from the draws, right? Because Real Madrid, you know, basically why these went down was because they drew good teams, right? So I think Real Madrid drew Citi in this morning. That's why you saw this huge drop. But, you know, these cards are so rare. And that's what I said when I tweeted it out. I showed a picture of Cavani and I said, boys, if you're trying to invest in some panic, there's some panic on the market right now in this area. These road to the finals are dropping based on some of their matchups. And, you know, understandably, right? Manchester City is a good team. Real Madrid's pretty good, too, though. So I knew there would be some sort of a rebound on this card, 570 right now at the moment. I got a little bit lucky with my sell at 600, actually. But he reached 506 at one point. And as we look at some of these other cards, I look at Sancho as well. This is a card that I picked up today just because I saw the percentage of his drop. And it was crazy. He was 184, 187, down to 133. I bought two of them. I bought three of them at 130, actually. And he's all the way back up to, like, 158. And he's actually won 60 now. So he's continuing to rise up. Let me look at one card that shot up right away. Whoa, they finally upgraded the price range on this Mane card to 3 million. Wow, and somebody undercut big time there for a mill. Crazy. That's a very interesting price on this card right here because so many people are sniping him. When did this price upgrade happen? It happened, like, midnight tonight. Okay, interesting. I would just be careful with this card because he's got a player of the month right now, which is 843K, which is a better version of this card. So if you sniped him for 500K, take your profit. But there's probably a lot of people listing right now to try to get sales and take their profit on those cards that they sniped. Since his price range was drastically set down to 500K for really no reason, which is really crazy. But I want to look at Hyunmin's son because a lot of people thought that Tottenham got an easy draw today, which I don't think any team you're going to be playing in Champions League is easy. But he went from around 1455 all the way up to 17, and I actually did see him at 1.8 million because people saw their draw against Leipzig and they're like, okay, Spurs can beat them, right? So they bought this card up, went up 300,000 coins, and now it's kind of trickled back down just a little bit higher than what it was before. So that was the deal with these road to the final cards today. There's a lot of interesting market movements because of those, and some of them are still pretty low, right? Like Kante was almost 800,000 coins flat, so he's up a good amount. Allen was under 300K, so he's up some. Mares was, I think, 150 or 160 at one point. Was he? Mares went low at one point today, but they had the quote-unquote more favorable matchup. Yeah, he did go down 156 back to 190 where he kind of is right now. So again, I probably didn't inform you guys really good enough on some of this, but if you guys are guys that watch the market a lot and you watch a lot of these prices, I honestly wasn't thinking that the impact on these cards would be this heavy. But, you know, there was a big drop and this market right now is just full of people who do not want to buy cards, so it kind of made sense why those cards were panic sold because people just want to get their coins, right? And you know, some people are still holding these cards from when they bought them like the first week they came out and they're making coins on them, so people were happy with the money, I guess, and they took the money and now Militao is right back at 570. So if you guys missed the buy window today on these cards, there's probably going to be some more panic, right? And there's probably going to be some more adjustment of these prices as we get towards team of the year. These cards are kind of going to get forgotten about a little bit because they're not going to be upgraded until February, but I want to start getting this in your guys' minds and it's good to know that the first game of the knockout rounds, the first game, right? Literally it's a two-legged game between two teams. So Real Madrid and Manchester City will play two games, right? Two legs. Whoever wins the first leg will get an upgrade and whoever wins total will get an upgrade as well. So Militao could be in for a double upgrade, okay? That's one thing that I think is misconstrued a lot with these road to the final cards is that, let me show you the graph. I want to show you guys the graph of these upgrades because it's something that a lot of people need to know. Is this the upgrade right here? It is. It is, it is, it is. Can I get the picture on this FIFA, please? Road to the finals. Here it is on EA's website. So the event launched in Jacacho 86. Qualified for knockout stage. We have already gotten this upgrade. So we are basically right here. We are right here. They win the first knockout game. Boom. They go up one and then if they go on, if they win that through the first leg, if they go to the next round, the quarter-finals. So this is game one. Literally the first game in February, if they win that game, they will get an upgrade and then if they move on past their first opponent in the knockouts to the quarter-finals, they will be in for another upgrade. And this is like the quickest two upgrades for these Road to the Final Cards, to be honest. These will be like the quickest two upgrades for these cards. I just want to kind of let you guys know about that. That's going to be like the quickest part. They're going to get an upgrade. Boom, boom. Like a couple of weeks in a row because of how quick those games are. Then there will be a little bit of a waiting time for all the quarter-finals, qualifying for the quarter-finals, qualifying for the semis, then the finals, and then of course the winner will get an upgrade as well. So I just want to talk about those Road to the Final Cards today because they moved a lot on the market and it was honestly a great time to pick up a panic selling, right? There's a lot of people that like to panic sell cards this year for whatever reason. And of course, we see other strikers that could be down a little bit today. I was looking at Michael Owen. I was looking at who's the other icon. He's on my transfer targets right now. A couple of these icon strikers sheerer. A couple of these guys were down today because of the Rashford SBC. Because the Rashford SBC is priced very similarly to these cards. And so maybe somebody with one of those cards in their team wanted to go out and replace him with Rashford. So that's just something that you have to keep an eye on. The substitute goods in FIFA are definitely a trading point. Ooh, that was a decent deal. 227 for Michael. You can sell that around 250. So yeah, that's something to look out for. Again, as every day we have footmist SBCs come out, right? So let's say today we get Anaki Williams. Last talking point for this video. Let's say today we get Anaki Williams. What kind of cards could take a hit? Maybe Scream, Iago Aspas. Maybe another striker. We had people that did the Morales player moments SBC. If he was on the market, that would be a card that might take a hit in price. But maybe Kevin Guimaro is a LaLiga striker. And of course, if it's a very, very cheap SBC, you might see strikers from other leagues take a hit as well. It's kind of like the Jamie Vardy player of the month effect. If it's a very, very cheap SBC, you might see more people panic sell because of that SBC unit being cheap and they just want to put that card in their team. So again, Anaki Williams and Kivani coming today if nothing else changes according to the leaks. Another objective player, hopefully a packed supply SBC and more probably non-hype footness content, to be honest. I hate to be a devil, but it's just honestly looking like this promo is just kind of so far. So we'll see, hopefully it changes. And I wanted to kind of inform you guys and update you guys on what happened with those road to the final cards today. All right, boys, it's been Nate. If you liked the video, let's just let me start there. If you liked the video, smash your thumbs up on it. All right, comment down below if you have any questions. And of course, subscribe to the channel if you're new. It's been Nate, The Foot Accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


Cory Holcomb, I seen you name him during breakfast club days as your Mount Rushmore. And he's still on it. He's still on it. And like, but you guys kind of over time, people go through stuff. Like, do you think you guys are ever, you know what I mean? I hope so. You come down to it like your fans, something that they done that kind of moved you. Did they have a tattoo on them of you? I would hope not. Oh, you never know. You know, I've seen it.  This is what I mean when I know, you know, and I'm not a real big football guy. My extent of knowledge of football and enjoyment comes from playing Madden. But as far as like really watching the game, knowing players, knowing plays, I'm not part of the cult, but dudes that get like the player's names and faces and the team logos tattooing and more importantly, when I look on social media, dudes that get in fights and the stands, I'm going, these players don't know you. They were a lot of what y'all fight for in this tribalism, the sports tribalism. A lot of these same dudes, they go to dinner together. They hang out with each other. They're friends. They don't feel the way about each other that you do about the opposing teammate and team. Calm the down. And a lot of times, again, my dude, listen, because of who I am and what I do, I meet so many people both in sports and entertainment where I go, oh, that's so and so. In my mind, I know I'm supposed to know them. I don't expect them to know me. And then they go, airy spares. Yeah. I'm a fan, bro. Now I'm giddy inside because I'm like, yo, this moment. Yeah. Like my boy is Michael Irvin. And when I used to do the best damn sports show and Mike was on for like a couple of months. And I didn't know Mike prior to that. But when we would do the briefings before the taping to discuss what we were going to discuss, man, I was cutting up in that room so hard.  So I know Mike. I know Shaq. I know certain players. So even then, I'm not tattooing your image on my body. You know what I mean? We jack it up. So I love, but I know them. So they not going to disrespect me or act a certain way. Where I go, man, if a lot of you dudes who are fighting me in the stands were to meet your favorite player, they're probably on you. They won't give you the love you want. They may not take that picture. They may walk off and treat you like you ain't. And you got this nigga's name on your back.   And you worshiping this thing. Now I'm not saying all of them are like that because I'm sure there's some pretty cool dudes.  And then they look down on them. I'm like, they ain't. You see that. That's gotta hurt. You see what happened with a chameleon there when he met your boy Michael Jordan. Yeah. See what I mean? But listen. It happens. It happens. But listen, you might think because that's Michael Jordan. He got billionaires. Everybody's susceptible to a bad day. He might have gotten to fight with Juanita. I'm like that. And here come chameleon there. So, you know, because I also, and that's why when I've asked people who have known Mike or met Mike, I go, yo, is he really a asshole? And I've had people go, man, he is the coolest dude. And I go, really? But that's the millionaire story. Yeah, that story. But everybody says that about him, that he's like that. But a lot of people also say he's not like that. So that's what I'm saying. And I'm just saying from, for me, sometimes you have to meet people at the right time. Right time. Or sometimes people don't approach you the right way.  And it's like, nigga, you don't even know me. You just met me and that's your first approach. Wow. Now I'm mad. Or I might just not be in a good mood that day.  You know what I mean? Now ain't the time. But for the most part, I try to make sure that any time I walk out the door, I put on that face because, you know, when you famous and you hit the public, you kind of belong to the public. And that's how I always felt as a consumer of a celebrity's work, is the fact that I understand that you're a human and you have bad days and all of that. But you signed up for this.  Can I get a picture with you? Can I get your autograph? Can I do that? And you're supposed to have that great spirit because no matter if you have a bad day, if you had to go on stage to perform, you're going to do what you're supposed to do on stage.  Because these fans are going to buy it yourself. It's a little different because when you go on stage, the people that have bought the tickets, they're there. They've made, they've bought them. Their money is in your pocket. When I'm walking down the street, your money ain't in my pocket.  No, I'm not, I don't have to do anything. But I'm also, again, that's why I'm just going, I kind of get it. It's comes with the gig. When you go out into the public, you can't, especially, you know, the more famous you are, it's to be expected. So you want to try to act accordingly, but you don't technically have to, you know? Well, I got to ask you about, and you don't have to answer it or you can, because you have a long history of stuff. Corey Holcomb, I seen you name him during Breakfast Club days as your Mount Rushmore. And he's still on it. He's still on it. And like, but you guys kind of, over time, people go through stuff. Like, do you think you guys are ever, you know what I mean? I hope so. You see what I'm saying? Because I love seeing y'all chemistry. But this is what I'm talking about when I say growth.   That's vaginal reaction. He's still there. It don't change who he is as a comedian. He's still one of the coldest in the game. And yeah, I would love to hopefully one day we could work together, because that's part of the growth.  He might not ever want to f**k with me. And that's fine. But, but, you know, again, let's for the betterment, let's better for the betterment of us.   You know what I'm saying? I look at like, I talked to, I talked to country one yesterday. But those guys, the newer comedians, I asked this question to everybody. And I'm not going to continue to ask it because I seen an issue when I came in the game. Me and Bubba Dub talked this morning, too. These internet guys that come in the game, the way they're coming in now, when you look at the Dizzy Banks, the Marco, the funny Marcos, all of them, which I deal with those newer guys, like, and I deal with a lot of the guys that come from the, going to those comedian halls, like you was in Harlem and really bringing it. You know, these guys didn't have to go through that. When you see them and you see the way that they're doing things now, how do you embrace it as a comedian that came from that, you know, from that rugged grind?  You know, the grind is different because of social media and these platforms. So I don't knock the hustle. Just, just stick around.  Everything else will take care of itself. You know, it's, it's so hard to make it in this game. How you get in, just get in. Yeah. I don't care if you go through the basement, climb over the roof, come into a side window, however you get there, get there. Wow. You know, and, and, uh, country-wide Netflix special. A lot of people, he got some backlash on it. I watched it. I've been to his shows. So I support him. I know that he can bring out people that's 15 or 16 all the way to 80. I've seen the crowd response. I've seen him set 3,700 people in those seats in Houston when he invited me to the show.  I know he got it for his that goal. You know what I mean? But, you know, a lot of people say they, he got some backlash on. What was the backlash? It was the fact of he wasn't good as, you know, some people, you had Janace here saying that, that comment, that Netflix special wasn't just, you know, on 10. You know what I mean? Oh. So, and you're going to get all of this stuff. Did you see it at all? No, I didn't know. Yeah. But all of this stuff is, it's a, you, you can have your opinion on it. It's all subjective. It's subjective. It's subjective. So, so, but he's setting 3,700 in his seats and he's doing Netflix specials, man. He getting money. You know what I'm saying? Hey.


Hulegoat is a popular destination with tourists and holiday makers alike. This is due to its impressive natural setting, among which the vestiges of an ancient forest still survive, one that once covered the entire island of Brittany. Once part of royal and ducal lands, the forest is now overseen by the French Forestry Commission, the National Forest Office. It has a footprint of around 10 square kilometers, with a large replanting scheme repairing much of the damage sustained by the forest and storms, which occurred upon the 15th and 16th of October 1987, when 3.1 square kilometers of trees were leveled or damaged. However, within this surviving ancient forest, ancient Neolithic ruins can be found. Ruins synonymous with many other countries around the world, as if made by a people who were simply motivated by aesthetics, thus creating stunning, yet equally baffling structures, which we have come to know as dolmens. However, although in some areas of Earth, these can be attributed to past dwellings, many of them which survive were created with such small base stones or such large roof stones, that arguing that creating them for any other reason but their creation continues to be just as puzzling an explanation as the techniques that were once seemingly harnessed, which enabled our purportedly stone age ancestors the ability to pick up ancient megaliths of such enormous scales. Le Champignon, or the mushroom located within the forest, is but one example of these mystifying, unarguably Neolithic formations, once created with a roof stone of many tons of weight, yet any logical argument as to the past purpose of these stone structures remains just as elusive to explain, as how these incredibly ancient people somehow once accomplish such feats. Who were the Neolithic? How can their ruins be located all over the world, yet not attributed to a group in communication with each other? We feel the evidence to support this postulation is all but overwhelming, yet continually denied as a possibility, or even considerable as a reality by any field which is in defense of current rigidly defended fallacies, claiming that such groups were primitive and lacked the ability to cross continents, yet the evidence in defense of this found on almost every continent on Earth which we feel is obvious proof of a conspiracy. Regardless of this and the denial of them having links with other countries, we find the ruins which still survive within this ancient wood within Brittany as highly compelling.


Hi guys, this is Jason Zach from Nathaniel School of Music. In this lesson, we are going to tackle a very important theoretical set of questions all under the umbrella of naming chords. How would you go about naming a chord? Now I have done a detailed video on the Roman numeral analysis system which shows you how chords relate to the scale. So I suggest that you watch that, you don't have to watch that right now. You can watch that after watching this, but that's a very good supplementary video.  Either someone plays you a chord and tells you what is it, you know, but now I'm not, this is not a year training lesson for chords, we've done a lot of year training videos as well. We link up some of the harmonic year training lessons in our description. You can check that out also after this lesson. This is more of a theoretical lesson. How do you name a chord and how do you communicate that chord in a, I would say in an inspiring way to your fellow musicians. Now chord naming, I think the way things are done or the way things have evolved in our field has become almost as airtight as staff notation. The chord names are very, very defined, very logical and they have a proper amount of sense to them. To a point that any musician who's collaborating a violin, piano, guitar or any member can relate to these chords. It doesn't have to necessarily be piano chord names or guitar chord names. It could be multiple options. However, you do have a few voicing and inversion names. Because I might not cover in this series, inversions we've done earlier, we've done a lot of voicing techniques as well. This is just specifically how do you name the chords. So let's first look at how to broadly name our chords. After we get into understanding what should be the root, we look at some more fancy chords like slash chords, then we go into tensions, then we kind of have an argument between the names itself like adds, suspended, augmented, diminished and the extensions the 9s, 11s and 13s. Before we get cracking, it'll be awesome if you could consider hitting that subscribe button which is somewhere around our channel. I'm sure you're aware of that. It'll be great if you could hit it and there's a bell button too where you'll be notified of regular videos which our channel puts out almost daily. And also this is a very theory heavy lesson. So my handwritten notes will be available for you on our Patreon page. That would definitely help make this lesson a lot more easier to understand. You might want to pause the video, head over to Patreon, get yourself a PDF and watch along. Let's get cracking. So to name a major chord, first of all, let's start with the triad. So you have major, I'm going to do it with respect to C. So C major would end up being C, E, G. So if you look at this, it's basically a major third interval and a perfect fifth interval or a major third between the one and the three and a minor third between the three and the five. So any chord which shares has this sort of intervallic relationship is called as a major chord and a minor chord is not far behind. It's just this one. So what happens here? It's a minor third with respect to the root that's E flat and the same old perfect fifth. To make or to consider a chord as major, you don't necessarily need the fifth. Well, it's nice to have it, but even if you play C and E, you kind of imply, hey, the chord is kind of major or C major. Yes, there are no additional notes, there are no extensions, but if you took a bet playing C major would not cause anyone in your band to throw anything at you. If you were to play C major while you heard or you observed someone else just playing C and E, you can easily play that G unless of course they don't like that G, which is another problem altogether. Then that might be a diminished fifth or an augmented fifth, which we'll chat about later. So this is C major, this is C minor. What constitutes that is the minor third. Now the diminished triad needs two representative notes along with the root. All the chords, if you name them, they need a root. So the diminished would be that one. You need a flat three as well as a flat five, a quick trick to remember the flat five would be perfect five minus one. We also call that as a tritone interval, very important interval in music. There we go. It's your tritone. Then we have our augmented chord where you take the major third, but in addition to that you would need another major third with respect to the third. So the C to E major third, E to G sharp, another major third. We could also call this as an augmented fifth as the perfect fifth is raised to the augmented fifth. Okay. It gives you a very unclear sound. So the diminished is also unclear because of the tritone and the lack of the perfect fifth. The augmented fifth is again unclear because of the lack of the perfect fifth and the minor sixth or the augmented fifth interval is very, very mysterious, if you ask me. It's not very stable as the perfect fifth is. See, the perfect fifth feels like you're at home sitting on a sofa or something, but that doesn't feel like that. This is like a horror movie or some such thing here. So you're kind of stuck in a spiral like in that Alice in Wonderland movie. You feel like you're just in a random, in some kind of a trance. So these are all important to know. Okay. So suspensions now. I'm going to talk about suspended chords alongside the ad chords. So with suspended chords, what you're ending up doing is suspended means no three. Do not play the three. We don't want the three. So if you have this C major chord to suspend it, you can suspend it in two ways. You can either go sus two, where you play the major second along with the perfect fifth, but no three. That's not there. And now you have your sus four, no three, but perfect fourth root, perfect fourth, perfect fifth. So that's your sus four, this is your sus two. So suspended chords basically means no three. Okay. And this is not to be confused with ad chords. So ad chords basically will add to the triad. So if you take C major, you can have a C major ad two. You can have a C major ad four. You can have a C major ad sharp four, which is a very Lydian kind of sound. You can have a C major ad sharp five or ad flat six if you want to call it that. And then the same story with minor. You can do this is C sus two, but this will be C minor ad two. Some people also might say ad nine. I prefer to use it as ad two and not bother about the nines and unless and until there is a seventh in there that for my brain seems to work a bit easily. So there's nothing wrong in calling it an ad two I feel so C minor ad two. So C minor that's the D which is the ad two. So you can play that above the octave and play it within as a nice cluster of CD flat and then cheap. And you could even perhaps do a C minor ad flat two, the very Phrygian sound. It's more Phrygian, but you would call this as C minor ad two. So that's the ad cause you're adding to the triad. You're adding to the major or you're adding to the minor. Now when it comes to the adding of the sixth interval, we already have names for them. So if you take C major with the ad six ad major six, it would basically you don't call it C major ad six. You can just happily say C major sixth. No problem. Similarly, you do C minor with an ad major six. You don't want to call it C minor ad major six. That's annoying to say, isn't it? So you'd rather go C minor sixth. That's the official name. There we go. So all your sixth chords can be named pretty easily. Okay. However, if you do a flat six or a sharp five, you'd rather call this a C minor ad flat six. And a lot of these ad chords are felt and are observed and used sometimes not as a block of data, but in an arpeggiated form. For instance, that's a beautiful ad two or an ad nine set up. That's an ad flat six with the minor chord. That's an ad sharp five or flat six with a major chord. That's an ad flat two with respect to our major chord. So it's good to use them using arpeggio movements and not so good or not always to use them as a block. It may sound very dissonant as a block, I guess, right? When it comes to sevens, like the sixth, you don't have to write ad seven. You can just write seven. So there are different seventh chords as you may know, but they all are built with respect to the triads we have just learned recently. Now there are many seventh chords available, but all of them are based on the triads. So we've already learned the triads, major, minor, diminished, augmented, suspended and so on. So if you build seventh chords, you don't have to say ad seven. Like you don't have to say ad six. Similarly, you don't have to write ad seven. So you do C major with a major seventh interval on top, we call that a C major seventh. So C major chord with a major seventh interval is a C major seventh chord. And I like to remember it that way because if you think about it, chords also are played as inversions, right? So if you're playing C major in this first inversion, you can tell yourself, okay, how do I C major seventh this? It's already a major chord. How do I make it a major seven? Just ask yourself, what is the major seventh B? And where is B with respect to this chord? It's right here. Okay. Similarly, you take a chord like E flat, this E flat major, what's its major seventh D? I could play it there or I could even play it down below. So it kind of isolates that and says major triad plus some other note or some other interval, which in this case is major seventh. So you have, let's go back to our C root. So C major with a flat seven would be a dominant seventh. And in simple words, we just like to say C seventh. Close. C seventh, with a B flat on the top, B flat. Now I say B flat on the top, but I'm also trying to think it could also be anywhere. It could be B flat at the bottom as well, B flat on the top or B flat in the middle. The quality of the chord still stays C seventh. So we don't say C major ad flat seven as some of my students ended up doing in a class. It's just C seventh. So seventh chords are very simple in that sense. And then the journey for naming seventh chords continues, right? So if you take a minor triad with a minor seventh, we call that a minor seventh chord. You take a minor triad with a major seventh. We don't have an easiest name for it. We have to call it C minor major seventh. C minor major seventh. You can write the major seventh in brackets if you wish. C minor major seventh. So C minor major seventh, or you can write it C minus sign for minor and then do a major seventh. Major seventh also has a triangle sign. So it makes the writing of the chords a lot more easier. So you could consider minus for minor, a triangle for major seventh and a degree for diminished, a plus for augmented, sus for suspended, and so on and so forth. So now if you take diminished variants, that's your C diminished bass. So you could start with a C diminished chord with a B up top. Now some people might argue this is a C minor major seventh flat five. You could also simplify it and say it's a C diminished major seventh. So C diminished major seventh. I don't use that chord a lot, but it kind of exists. Then you go. Now you may think this is a C diminished chord with a minor seventh. So should you say C diminished minor seventh? No, you say C minor seventh flat five. You can even say C half diminished. That's another way to call this chord. C half diminished. That's essentially take C minor minor seventh. That's your B flat flat five. You're flattening the G to become F sharp or G flat. So C minor seven flat five and it has a nice symbol, which is the Greek symbol phi or phi used a lot in some scary maths classes. So there we go. C minor seven flat five. Then the last diminished option we have would be C diminished with a diminished seventh interval. A diminished seventh interval is where you double flat a major interval, major seventh interval. So C to B is a major seventh. You double flatten it, which means go down a tone and you get yourself a C diminished seventh chord. Very interesting to note that this particular chord is just a bunch of minor thirds. Minor third, minor third, minor third. Here we go. That's your C diminished seventh. So then you have your augmented families, augmented major seventh. Now you could also re-spell this chord. You could call this as C augmented major seventh or else C major seventh sharp five. You could also call this as C major seventh because the G, which is the perfect fifth became G sharp, which is the augmented fifth, G, G sharp. So C, E, G sharp B, augmented major seventh or C major seventh sharp five. You can also do C, E, G sharp B flat, which could be called as C. A simple way to write it actually would be C plus seven. So you save some space in your book or paper, C plus seven. So that would be a dominant seventh up top. Whenever we don't precede a seven with major or minor, it is dominant seventh. It's a dominant seventh kind of chord. So a dominant seventh chord has a major third as well as a flat seven. Now what you do to the dominant seventh chord could be various things. It depends on the fifth, the ninth, the eleventh and the thirteenth interval, which we are going to talk about in detail in part two of this series. So C, E, G, B flat would be C seventh, that would be C augmented seventh, not C augmented minor seventh. No, C augmented seventh or C plus on top of top right of the C and under that seven. Okay. That's your augmented. And similarly you have suspended seventh chords that would be C sus four major seventh or C major seven sus four if you want to call it that. Then you could do a very common chord is called a C seven sus four because it's a C seven. It has that flat seven and a suspended chord inside it. Right now, I'd like to also mention that all of these chords, there's something remarkable and very beautiful about them. There's dissonance with less notes and consonance with more notes. So if I just come back to a major seventh interval from C, you see how dissonant this feels right. It's almost unusable, at least to me, a lot of chaos. But if I just add that E in the middle, well, I just can't explain this. This is just mother nature doing its thing. It sounds like you're just chilling out on a beach all of a sudden. But without that E, absolute chaos. Now we kind of know why because the number of intervals are adding up almost exponentially because if you think about it, it's just one interval. But if I add that E, there is C to E which is a major third, E to B which is a perfect fifth and you have a tension. So it's almost like there is more resolution because there are two resolved intervals major third and perfect fifth and there's only one tension. So it's sort of like the good defeats the evil, so to speak, because there's two goods, two peaceful sounds and one annoying sound. So it's using these tensions which can create some remarkable sounds in music. For example, this chord. There are a lot of tension in there, but this chord is very, very usable or maybe a chord like this.  Yes, it sounds unstable, but it's beautiful because you kind of know, you have a road map where that chord and where the notes of that chord would eventually land to. So dissonance happens strangely enough with less notes and consonance tends to happen with more notes and a few other points to note when it comes to naming chords. You can name chords with respect to higher extended or jazz tension intervals as we call them. That would be the 9s, the 11s and the 13. Now the 9, 11 and 13 are not new notes. They are basically played or named based on whether or not you have a 7 in the chord. So if you have played a 7th chord, let's say a C dominant 7th or a C major 7th or a C minor major 7th or a C minor 7th, then the possibility of calling things or using the 9th or the flavor of the 9, 11 and 13 and all of its variants like the 9 flat, the 9 sharp, the 11 sharp and the normal 11, the 13 flat as well as the normal 13, all of that will come into play. So 9, 11, 13, if you've heard of those words before, these are called as jazz tensions or extended intervals or beyond the octave intervals as I sometimes like to call them. Remember for those to be called 9, 11, 13, you need to have a 3rd as well as a 7th in the chord. More important 7th but 3rd is a given. However, when you call something as add, you don't necessarily need a 7th. If you call something as sus, you don't necessarily need a 7th. Usually when you say, which is why this chord, if you add the D, you can say C major add 2. If you play the D on top also, you can even continue to say C major add 2. But if you play C major 7th and then add the D, then you would start using the words 9 or 11, in this case, 11 sharp, 13, okay. Now 9 is same as 2 but played an octave higher, which is why 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 octave, 9 is the same as 2. So 9 is 2, 10 is 3, 11 is 4, 12 is 5 which we rarely call and 13 is 6, okay. So the things you need to remember are 9, 11 and 13. And in some cases even the 10th because we could voice a chord like this, 1, 5, 10. So even though this is a C major chord, I prefer to call it as a 10th chord or a 10th voicing or a spread chord, spread triad where the 10th is above the octave. So in cases where you want to deliberately play or stick out the 9, 10, 11 and 13 above the octave, you might want to use the words 9, 11, 10, 13 and also 9, 11, 13 specifically need a 7 for them to even be called that, okay. And last but not least in this broad categorization of chords, you would have modal chords or modal triads or just modal sounds if you will. So if you want to build a chord which speaks out or which gives you the flavor of a mode, you need to find the representing note. So if you take the Lydian scale, for example, Lydian is the same as major but has that unique sharp 4. So if you build this chord, C, E, F sharp, we call this a C major flat 5. You can call it that because it's a C major with a flat 5. It's that Simpson's chord or the Jetson's chord. They seem to like that interval or that chord. Anyway, so that's C major flat 5 but you could also call it a Lydian chord, you know. Now you could build a Lydian chord maybe even with a root sharp 4 and a major 7th. That also feels pretty Lydian. This is generally considered more Lydian. What about Phrygian? It's a minor scale with a flat in 2. A natural minor with a flat 2 is Phrygian. Now a nice Phrygian chord would be 1, 2 flat and perfect 4 because this gives you that it kind of motivates you to sing the Phrygian and so on and so forth. You could do an Aeolian chord, you can do an Ionian chord, you can do a Mixolydian chord. I suggest that at this stage there will be a lot of further study videos along with part 2 of this particular lesson which we are going to bring out as well right after part 1. So first watch part 1 then part 2 you will magically find it somewhere available on our YouTube channel but to have that magic there's a subscribe button. So go there and hit the subscribe then you will be notified whenever we release it. However, if you found that some of these concepts need to be dived further into for example a more deep dive into intervals, triads, only triads, seventh chords and more importantly things like tensions, modes. We have a lot of links which we'll put up in the description but to be honest, our channel does a lot of theory videos so it might be a lot to list in the description. I suggest you go to our Nathaniel school homepage in the main page and look at all the relevant videos in neat playlists which we've compiled together for you to learn easily at different skill levels, different subjects, chapters and so on and so forth.  You have major, minor, diminished, augmented, suspended, ad versus suspended, the sixth chord, the seventh chord, then the jazz tensions, 9, 11, 13 and then of course modal harmony. So I'm going to cap off this lesson by actually whacking or playing a chord and we are going to try and figure out how we can name that chord. What are the common mistakes we might end up doing and in the next part we are going to get into some more advanced naming techniques. How do you handle the jazz tensions? How do you handle quartal chords which is a very interesting subject? How do you handle certain kinds of unique voicings which are known in the industry and have a unique flavor like six nines, poly chords, slash chords is also something we need to do. So I wanted to conclude the lesson by giving you an actual chord, rather weird chord and then let's work together to naming that particular chord. So if I, let me just find one and give you this sound. Okay. So the first strategy when you're naming a chord is the root which is going to end up being the capital letter by which you name that chord. So if you look down at this, it would be C because C is the lowest note and I'm even repeating C and you can see that C is right at the bottom. So a student might sometimes get confused between calling this some kind of a C chord or the other way you might want to name a chord is could this have been, now you're looking at C and this is a bit tricky. Now if you look at this structure I'm actually playing F major in the right hand with C as the base note. So now C is a slash, it serves as a slash function as part of a slash chord. In this case, F major is F, A, C jumbled here as A, C, F, but I'm presenting C as the lowest note and it's the lowest note which kind of pushes your ear to determine the sound of the chord or the vibe of the chord. Just to prove that you play F major with F in the bass, see it's automatically a very calm chord. You play F major with C in the bass, it's no longer stable, it's a tension. Similarly, if you played A flat major with a C in the bass, you may not want to get confused and say oh it's an A flat, it's a C something chord. No, look at the right hand, is the right hand or is the treble area an already known triad. If it is an already known triad or maybe an already known seventh chord, you can then infer and say okay it's an A flat triad over C or A flat slash C. This is very important. So coming back to the chord I played, you can't really dissect or decipher a triad in the right hand. I don't see any available triad there. So it's most likely not a slash chord. So this is C something. Now you might have a student who hears this and he may think that this is an A chord slash C. He may end up saying this is an A minor because A is minor third C. He may even call it an A minor add four, A minor add four. Yeah that kind of works if you think about it because A minor add four all those notes are there then he may say A minor add four flat nine slash C. Now who on earth would want to listen to the name or who on earth would even read that or bother to play it. We'll then go back to staff notation to help us. You want the chord name to not only enable you to know your whereabouts on the piano. You would also want it to inspire you to make music out of that maybe build a scale out of the chord. We should look at the chord scale relationship where this is going next. What type of chord is it now? So if you called this A again coming back to that weird name which may take me some time A minor or A minor add four which is theoretically right. A minor add four flat nine slash C. Oh wow too difficult for me. I'd rather just call this a C chord. So now assuming it is a C chord, C is in the bass isn't it? The first thing I'd encourage you to do is in a piece of paper you write down one, three, five, seven, nine if any, eleven if any, thirteen if any and that nine would either be flat nine, normal nine or sharp nine. The eleven would be normal eleven or sharp eleven. Let's first identify all those things and as I build it you'll know and you need to put a tick or you need to write down whether you found it. So I hope you've written that down. One, three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen. Now is there a one? Obviously C write that down. Then is there a three? Now it may all be jumbled but you look here and say hey what is the three of C? The answer could either be a major third E which it is or it could have even been a minor third E flat which it is not. So it's a major third E not the minor third E flat in there. Now is there a G in this chord? Now if there is no G you don't have to be worried it's well you should then check is there a G flat or is there a G sharp because if there is a G flat then it would make it a flat five and it could have even been a diminished chord if the third was minor right and if there was a five sharp then it could be some kind of an augmented chord so there's no five. So the assumption is we can discard the five we don't need the five so you can just assume okay the five of this chord would be G. Now coming to the seventh what are the seventh possibilities you could have a major seventh B which there isn't you could have a minor seventh B flat which there is you could have a diminished seventh A which there also is but we don't have to call it a diminished seventh because this is not a diminished triad in the first place it's kind of a major triad with a flat seven so it's definitely a C seven something C seven something and now the other note so I've named the C I've named the B flat I've named the E I have not named the D and the A now what did I say when there is a seventh if I have some other additional note in this case I'm trying to consider D D would be called well you could argue add two but no there's a flat seven so when there is a seven we don't call it two we don't even need to say add we can just say C ninth C seven add nine not needed we can just say C ninth but now I have an additional note which is the A we call that what now with respect to the C and the fact that there is a seventh we call it a C 13 okay so you could call this as C 13 or you could even say just to make it more clear you can say C nine in brackets 13 to indicate that there is a nine and there is a 13 so usually with a 13th chord you don't necessarily need the 11 but if ever you push in the 11 you can call this maybe C 13 add 11 you could also call this as C 13 sus because there's no third in there but it depends really on how you voice it so if you tell someone C 13 you need the 13 in there the nine generally in there the 11th will be optional okay so a lot of these chord extensions and a lot of these fancy names end up happening over the dominant seventh chord or the dominant in seventh interval more of which the naming we are going to cover in the next part so do stay tuned for that so this particular chord was C 13 or C 9 13 you can call it a C 9 13 if you wish remember it has a flat seven so this is pretty much how you name any chord there are a few more bells and whistles with regards to chords so we'll cap that off in the next part hope you found the lesson useful and to get the next part don't forget to hit the subscribe you'll get access to a lot more videos on our youtube channel for free right so why not hit that subscribe button and turn on the bell icon for regular notifications catch you in the next video cheers