Yeah, hello, welcome I'm really glad that you decided to join our session today I hope you're enjoying staying at Amsterdam and you're enjoying cube condos here My name is Grzegorz Panek and I'm a research engineer for the Orange and Today with Piotr Matysiak, we are going to share with you the output of our project called edge relocation so basically we are going to talk today about the seamless migration of the Cloud 94 clouds across multiple edge clusters and multiple edge Servers So first of all, I will give you some motivation from our side how we see the edge and why we are taking care about the edge and Later on I will give the floor to the Piotr that will give you a deeper View on the technical staffs how we are managing multiple clusters and how we are implemented Edge relocation procedure and finally I will give you some notes on the future research direction of our project So currently Orange is Deploying its own 5g network 5g connectivity Because we believe that the edge computing is not enough to achieve the low latency Communication in order to take profit from the late low latency communication for the edge services. We need as well a really rapid radio access network to the edge services and We think like an integration of the 5g and edge infrastructure will give you Will give you and will give us a whole opportunity to take profit from the low latency communication for the edge computing Nowadays more and more partners industrial partners are requesting are asking us are you already able to deploy our own services on your edge infrastructure and During these exercises with industrial partners. We noticed that a Lot of the or majority of the use cases that the partners are developing Are characterized not only bought by the low latency communication, but as well about the end user mobility So we notice a functional gap how to take care about the Edge application and the end user mobility how to take care about the service continuity for the users that are in the mobility state So we identified some a gap Procedure in the ecosystem that is a migrating of the edge application from one edge cluster to the other edge cluster because of the following the end user Maybe I will give you the more visual More visual and view on on our problem that we are dealing with So let's imagine that we have an autonomous vehicle steering system that is deployed at the edge clouds edge cluster However, as we know the users the cars are moving and They're approaching different geographical Location so it might turns out that once the user will change its position It should be hand-off to the another g-note be to the other Access network station. However, the edge Cluster that is closest to the targeted edge Targeted radio access network It's not ready to handle the end user request because the edge application is not there yet So we implemented the edge location procedure to move this application from one cluster to the another Seamlessly in order to guarantee the service continuity for the end user But you may ask me. Okay. Why not just to replicate the edge applications everywhere? That will solve the problem but we did exercises with our operational team and it turns out that the deployment of the edge infrastructure is really costly and we need somehow to optimize the Utilization of the resources at the whole topology. That's why we decided to Implement some pro procedure that based on the follow me approach. Okay, so if the user is Requesting to access some application. We are just on demand creating this application there But it's not only the one reason why we need to Take care about their location edge location We should Guarantee as well for instance the load balancing for our resources in order to increase the capacity of the system we can Imagine that one of our edge servers would be off Due to I don't know maintenance reasons power the outage or something like that or we are just wanted to move our application or move our infrastructure to the Provider at other cloud provider So all the use cases that I mentioned requires the moving the application from one cluster to the another With no service disruption for the end user so Just before going Floor to the PL tribe will give you a view on the our real objectives of the project and real Contributions to to solve this project So in fact we implemented two procedures the far the first one we called edge location And this is about the seamless migration of the containerized application between the clusters and the second that we called Laysay for management of the edge application and but in fact, this is the life cycle management of edge application and And user Management because this procedure is observing all the time. Thanks to the 5g network. It's observing call the time the user positioning the radio Conditions, it's observing as well the edge infrastructure Utilization and Based on this observability stuffs. We are taking a decision whether to migrate migrate our application or to stay at the source edge cluster So to implement that we implemented some smaller proof of concepts That we can mention for instance observability controller that is all the time monitoring the resource utilization at Kubernetes clusters and we implemented as well topology controller that is taking Care about where they were the edge cluster currently is located. Maybe not just is taking care about the edge infrastructure is Aware about whether the cluster is overloaded or not and finally we implemented a placement controller Which implements some mathematical modeling some mathematical optimization on Analyzes whether to migrate our application or not I will give you more detail about all the controllers in the next slides. So now the floor is yours Thank you, Greg and it's a pleasure to be here I Would like to talk about why we are at this event and How we place at this event? So we talk about the edge you can imagine that we have different types different layers of edge far edge mid edge Close edge of if you will a cloud folk or just edge or you you can have different Type of layers, you know, you call it as as you want and on top of that you'd like to have some control Management plane some kind of orchestrator. So We are at the edge and to place us at the Kubernetes event We assume that each edge cluster Is a Kubernetes clusters it's it's separate cluster with its own management with its Separate control plane and of course separate worker nodes and if you will also The cluster may be from different providers different kind of kind of clusters member metal clusters managed clusters, etc And for the orchestrator, I don't want to go deep dive into why we took the mco Which stands for edge multi cluster orchestrator? But what we like about mco is that it's intent based There are a lot of type of type of intents The most important is for us the placement intent So it's crucial to remember that we have placement intents in the mco and also It's composed of many different controllers again, the placement controllers are the most important for us and Mco introduced some mechanism to take a lot of clusters from different provider and different types of clusters under Under an umbrella called logical cloud and then we can deploy on those clusters application applications using Mco APIs you can deploy application on single cluster on the set of cluster. It depends What we do not like about mco is the lack of the functionalities that you would like to have for our use case. So we Extended the mco with the relocation workflow as being said and in fact the relocation workflow itself, it's It can be defined in the mco via Endpoints as an intent. So in the intent we can specify What application should be relocated where to which cluster and if we Deploy if we invoke such relocation workflow the following procedure will be Will be proceed so we will collect the information about the placement intent based on the relocation Intent we will update it. Of course the changes will be Applied and Reconciliation will be we'll take take turn But we will not We will not delete the old Instance from the previous clusters before that we need to make sure that the new instance is ready So we check for the readiness and then we steer the traffic from the user Which can be external from the from the cluster. So the service mesh is not always the solution and Only when we steer the traffic we can under a condition that this is application is not shared application There are no other user who is using this application. We can again Update the intent about placement and remove this application to I Don't want to show any demo. We have we are constrained on the time the system Makes makes bigger and bigger. So I will show the abstracted way on the slides So imagine that we deploy the we say to the mkp is we want to deploy the application x for example on cloud one and Is deployed and then we can send the second Request to the mkp is with the relocation intent that we would like to relocate the application x to there for example folk to and Following the procedure. I showed you in the previous slides the application of course will be Relocated from cloud one as shown to the folk to with almost It will be almost seamless migration the traffic steering thing is work in progress We have a simple solution, but there is a lot a lot a lot to do more But as you can see here, we have some manual in invoke of the Procedure which is not the case for example in the scenario where we have Vehicles which are moving because there will be no admin who will Define and trigger such a location. So we deep dive and we Develop another two components at least two components. There are another work workflow, which is LCM workflow and the placement controller for the That our own placement controller additional for the Mco So for the LCM workflow It's this almost the same as the relocation. I mean it's also Intent base so we can define the intent For the LCM workflow where we can specify the application requirements For example for the latency for example for the resource how much how many resource the application needs probably also the Type of algorithm to take into account when we will try to select the the best cluster And this is as follows when we start the LCM workflow at the first We subscribed for the notifications in our use case the telco use case. We had only one source from the IMF Which is a network function of the 5g control plane and we received a notification about the user movement from from that point We could subscribe for many type of notification from many different Source of information it depends on our use cases. This is for a proof of concept So when we subscribe for the notification we entered the loop which is Which is running for the entire life cycle of the application So we listen for the notification for the relocation if it occurs We call the placement controller and ask make it make the decision where where the application should be moved Where is the optimal place and we wait for for such a response? If this response is received We can make use of the relocation workflow described earlier and Generate such a relocation workflow and invoke it. So This is about the LCM the placement controller. It requires some source of Knowledge to make the decision So the first source of knowledge is LCM workflow where we define Requirements and the second and third are the topology controller and the observability controller We define proof of concept versions of those and Going deep dive placement controller receives also the intent As a request it receives the intent to select the best clusters and in the intent we specify The information which were provided in the LCM workflow. So application requirements the type of algorithm Which need to be selected to to to provide the placement and of course We also utilize the topology controller information For example the location of the latency information, but it's up to the some kind of topology Some kind of edge provider which can provide such topology controller to to define what information we can get It's the same for the observability controller here. We observe the resources on the Kubernetes clusters And based on that we so we have here at least three sources of truth and based on that We can select one of our Algorithms which we define for example optimal heuristic not going deep to the implementation details and the placement controller we are Receive we will send to us we will respond with the best placement for our application So to show you an example we deploy the application manually as we did and also we define the LCM workflow So LCM workflow at the time of deployment is started and it will work until the application is killed So it will listen for the notifications if we risk it if it receives that notification, of course it will automatically make the decision and Trigger the relocation in this case from cloud one to cloud two it will continue and if we receive another location Request it will again make the decision and make them Relocation we can do it as many times as we want. I think you you you got the idea and The LCM workflow can be started for many applications So we can deploy any application any number of application as we as we want and they will be separately Decision will be separately made of course on the same infrastructure. So the different application. We will make the decision Sorry, so the decision for one application will somehow impact on the decision on the second For the second application, but this isn't an idea. So for us, this is not yet that are yet targeted for the product So this is open source And this is as a proof of concept shown. So it's still working in progress as an example of further work we also consider the machine learning reinforcement learning agent to interact with it from the placement controller side And based on that we believe that we can further optimize the decision which cluster is the best but I Think I showed you the general view and our process how we received how we How we are here and I think right now I can Give a hand for the Greg to continue Thank you I don't know if Piotr you mentioned that the actual location procedures that we implemented is already open source So if you are dealing with the similar problems of the migration of the Application across the clusters so you can just take it from the open source the link was included in the presentation This is a part of the MCO project currently edge multi cluster orchestrator project But in order to make some fun with the procedure We decided to integrate open source 5g network with the Partially open source Mac system and partially done by us in our project So as you can see we have a 5g core that is a All the time informing us about the user position about the radio conditions for the user We can still monitor What's the status of the hour and user whether it's a handoff or whether it's doing some movement or not Because as you can see in order to user will Access that edge application it needs to access through the 5g access network. So We implemented as well the observability controller this constantly Observing the resource consumption at the different clusters edge clusters and finally we implemented placement controller as Piotr mentioned This is the place where we implemented Heuristic and reinforcement learning algorithms in order to decide whether to relocate or not based on the intense received from the 5g and Edge infrastructure Okay topology mapping how we did that so for the 5g control plane we take profit from the Pre-5gc project it implements as well a data plane for the Access network and a simulator of the end user. We took profit from the you we run ZIM project our Edge clusters edge hosts were implemented as a single separated Kubernetes clusters the service orchestrator That we have in this architecture We took profit from the mco project Which I mentioned before and the for the observability controller we implemented like a Prometheus plus Grafana my mere solution the placement controller is our Own child would say the same for the network and make topology So this is the last slide. I'm not going to to deep in this project because this is more mathematical modeling But as Piotr and I mentioned before we are receiving multiple notifications from the 5g control plane from the edge infrastructure and so first of all we implemented the heuristic based approach on whether to migrate our application or not based on some CPU memory measurements based on some latency Observing and Currently our ongoing work is implementing reinforcement learning approach in order to the agent let the agent learn our edge Topology let him know to do how to react in our Edge mobility case so thank you a lot If you have any question, please anybody got a Hi, Chesh Thank you for position. I have a question about how maybe I missed that but maybe you did not describe it how do you Describe the application that the services in the first place. I mean what kind of manifest format are you using? Are you using Terraform to ska things like this? Could you repeat? It's hard to hear on the stage. Yes, sorry about that. So my question was When you describe the application what kind of manifest format what kind of domain specific language Are you using or are you using any of? Those sort of domain specifically are using Terraform to ska things like this. Yeah, in fact, we Right now we do not care about the infrastructure creation So we assume that the infrastructure is here. We just registered the clusters and for the other Manifests I believe everything is in the Yamla format which the new you know parsed in the programming languages is Yeah, also Yeah, we also use hand packages to do describe the application So the hand package is the input for the mcop project


Okay, you know I'm a big fan of olive oil and a big fan of avocados, but what about avocado oil? Truth is avocado oil is not one of my favorites. So why the craze about avocado oil? Well, here's what people like about it. First of all, it has a very high smoke point. Smoke point refers to the temperature that you bring an oil up to before smoke rises out of the oil. And quite frankly, smoking oil is not exactly a pleasant thing to be around. And people assume that a smoke point has to do with the oil oxidizing and going bad. In fact, it has nothing to do with that, as we'll talk about in a minute. But it makes it for a very good cooking oil for that point. Now avocado oil is a lot better than most seed oils. The vast majority of seed oils and bean oils, like for instance, peanut oil, like for instance corn oil, cotton seed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, you name the grape seed oil. These actually are very damaging. So avocado oil is mostly a monounsaturated fat oleic acid. It's cheaper in general than extra virgin olive oil. So those are the things that people like. The problem is, like most things, the good does not outweigh the bad. Now unlike olive oil, avocado oil really doesn't have a very high polyphenol content. And you've heard me say over and over again that the reason you're using olive oil is not for the oleic acid, the monounsaturated fat. That's not the reason you're using it. In fact, oleic acid really doesn't have a big health benefit at all. You're using olive oil to get the polyphenols into you. And olive oil has a lot more polyphenols than avocado oil. The other problem with avocado oil is there are unfortunately a number of studies that show most of the commercial avocado oil in this country has been adulterated with other oils. And that's to keep the price down. You can't taste these oils. You can't tell the texture difference in these oils. But a lot of unfortunately avocado oil with testing shows the presence of the nasty omega-6 fat, the short chain omega-6 fat called linoleic acid. So buyer beware with avocado oil. Now are eating avocados different than using avocado oil? Absolutely. Why? Avocados have some fantastic beneficial fiber that your gut microbiome really, really likes. So yes, it has the same fats as avocado oil, but you're taking away all the benefit of those fibers that's really the reason you're eating the avocado in the first place. It's the same way, believe it or not, olives are kind of like avocados are to avocado oil and olive oil. They're pressed from the olives and it turns out olives are equally really good for you as avocados. Now why is one avocado a day great? Most of all studies show it does not make you fat. But the most impressive part is that the avocado helps you absorb multiple other polyphenols and antioxidants from the food you eat. So that's why putting an avocado in your salad like I had last night is really the way to go. Okay, so in my opinion, olive oil is the clear winner over these two oils. Believe it or not, is the best cooking oil. People have been cooking with olive oil for over 5,000 years. It does have a lower smoke point. That means it starts smoking, but that does not mean it oxidizes. In fact, comparing olive oil against coconut oil, which has one of the highest smoke points, olive oil oxidizes less than coconut oil, one of the standards for high smoke point. So use olive oil to cook with, use olive oil to put it on your food. Again, just because it's smoking does not mean it's oxidizing. Finally, oils oxidize the longer you leave them out. And regardless of the type of oil you're using, whether it's avocado oil, whether it's olive oil, make sure you keep it in a dark bottle. Make sure you keep it in a dark place. And once you open it up, it starts going bad. So please buy oils in small containers. That way you'll use it rapidly, and it won't go rancid or oxidize. And that's when you want to do it. Why do you want olive oil? I've said it over, I don't know, too many times. There are multiple studies showing that the polyphenols in olive oil have dramatic health benefits. The Predamid study out of Spain, the Leonhardt diet out of France, all of these studies show the immense benefit of adding olive oil into your diet. Okay, let's talk one more thing. Coconut oil. Now, coconut oil, as I mentioned, has a very high smoke point. And it is a useful cooking oil for that purpose. But coconut oil has one-tenth the polyphenol content of olive oil, one-tenth. So if you're comparing the two, there's no benefit. Secondly, many of you carry the ApoE4 mutation, the, quote, Alzheimer's gene, 30% of people carry that mutation. And saturated fats, particularly from coconut oil, are definitely detrimental to you. So if you've never had your ApoE4 status checked, one in three of you watching this show or listening have this gene, so why would you take a chance? Now the good news is, coconut oil is used primarily to get MCT oil extracted from it. Most people don't realize that coconut oil does not have a lot of medium chain triglycerides in it. But we can extract those MCTs and those are actually beneficial to ApoE4 patients and beneficial to all of us. But don't assume because MCT oil in general comes from coconut oil that coconut oil is a great source of MCTs, it's not. There's plenty of other reasons to use different oils. Whenever we're using oils, you've got to ask yourself, what health benefit is using this oil bringing to me? Otherwise, there's absolutely no use for adding oils to your diet. For instance, perillo oil is my favorite oil for cooking, for mixing in with olive oil for my salad dressings, and I've written a lot about the health benefits of perillo oil. It has the highest content of alpha-linolenic acid, that short chain omega-3 oil. It was the basis of the benefit of the Leonhardt diet study. It's really good for you and in the upcoming book, you'll see the health benefits of alpha-linolenic acid are just mind-boggling. Perillo oil is a great source of two other longevity producing compounds. Perillo avocado oil doesn't have alpha-linolenic acid, neither does extra virgin olive oil, and get some alpha-linolenic acid in your diet. By the way, flaxseed oil is another great source of alpha-linolenic acid. More amazing episodes just like this one, watch now. And metabolic flexibility is at the core of having great-looking skin, of having great healthy skin cells.


Straight to vinyl that's something that's a little definitely different something. I never even thought existed honestly It's just a little nerve-wracking thinking that it's gonna be one take. I can't wait. It sounds like it'd be incredible So we're essentially making a record right on the spot literally a record once it's recorded once it's performed It's set in stone and what you hear on these records is exactly what happened on the floor So what we're doing is we're bypassing the multi tracking process We're taking those eight microphones bring them into the board and then immediately bringing them out of the console And they go straight to something called a lathe What a lathe is this is a machine that cuts a lacquer and a lacquer is your thing you press to make vinyl They'll never be a more charismatic way to record anything period It's it's really lush and it's it's art to watch it and to play it It's watching a show you're talking about some of the first hip-hop songs and was it sugarhoe gang Like one of the first songs they did it's like 14 minute song like all one take good. I'm chillin I didn't even know that was a thing like people did that. Yeah, they're just working up the tune now. So a word work Today was the first time I really actually been able to interact with him and hang out It was super nice guy and just good vibes good energy if he can rap to anything apparently We're going with good people makes the best music for sure when I first heard him It was electronic music and I was something very different. That wasn't my style that I wasn't used to So I walked in I was like it's a live band. I was like, yes game time game time I love live music live music. You could feel the soul. You could feel the soul through the speakers Everybody contributing everybody has something to contribute from they saw to be able to come in here and rehearse with Musicians who really know their stuff and we can bounce ideas off of each other. It's just incredible I see all my favorite rappers and and produces in those big studios with speakers Looks incredible. I never I never thought of being something like this This was originally Sound City Studios Over the years, I'd say some of the more notable records are Tom Petty's damn the torpedoes Nirvana's Never Mind the first Rage record cheap tricks worked here nine-inch nails Johnny Cash Evil Knievel made a record here. That was kind of cool. This goes on and on For the most part we kept the original design and shape of all the rooms the sonic integrity of the studio is the same So I don't think it's gonna be that different than what you experienced yesterday. Obviously, it's a different room Yeah, it's gonna be a little drier, but I would love to get the the room volume level as low as possible. So obviously the playback The lighter you can play but without losing intensity will run through until you guys are completely comfortable with what you're doing I don't want to discourage improvisation But I would get everybody get their part and stick to it every time so these guys know exactly what to expect, right? From there. I don't know Sounds good Can we grab a little acapella from you just to hear a level? Yeah. Yeah, no doubt Smooth groove steadily tuned heavy never refused plenty of soothing amusing music Methods to a nightmare and Afro fight fair and battle is a way that you give them some top in the mind slow Temple so monumental continental caught the pencil won't par with the cause of the longer mental. There it is Should we do full band and see what it sounds like So on this particular section Everybody's jumping on it really hard like somebody's got to leave space We need to create some definition in that. Yeah, I love the energy of it going double time But as a as a group you guys got to figure out Who's going like everybody's jumping on right now? You have to really be on your toes and really know what you're doing and Really have a vision of what you're going for. Yeah, I was gonna say can we can we just try one without Where it's just base and then do the common sponsoring for the second eight? Because knowing that you have to get it right right there. There's no turning back. There's no fixing There's no any of that stuff Whatever the note is middle up middle and then down on the second one.  Oh, yeah, I didn't even get to do the third one Because you're not multi-tracking you're not mixing later You're going straight to this lacquer and it just has a very unique specific sound But I think the bigger effect is what it does to the musicians and the people performing and when you're kind of put on the Spot right there and it's live. There's a certain amount of energy and angst and nervousness that happens And I actually think it's really good for the music. I think direct-to-disc brings that energy Back into the recordings All right, we're quiet in the room. This is the audio start this and And the audio start will be there The engineer who's performing the console if you will is doing exactly that He's working it like an instrument and it's as much of a performance as what's going on in the room With the instruments themselves The engineers going to send a certain level if something happens and they exceed it It could blow a fuse because it's very sensitive to displacement because you're taking audio and turning into mechanical energy All this stuff has to happen perfectly for the record to come out the right way it's pretty intense How everybody feeling here So good to me good to me cool Right there, right? I came in here with the song on my laptop and now we're expanding it. I Don't even know what to expect like I'm excited to hear what sounds like That's why these places are so infamous because it gives it that character that you can't get anywhere else Everybody everywhere coming in and it just comes as one makes the song without this guy What didn't sound the same without this guy wouldn't sound the same so when everybody gets together sound crap


Y254 Imagine Thank you so much for sticking to Y254 TV My name is Sherry Blessing and you are watching the Powatok Show Now before we went on our break we were having a conversation about social media etiquette and one of our experts has just told us we now term it as NETICATE So I want us to have a conversation about wona communicator je social media and witu ganyu wa zina kubo Uke na mtame andika comments jo me post video nene wena kubo about social media and the way people communicate on these platforms Go on our pages which is at Y254 on Facebook, Twitter and X and we will sample some of those comments as we get back Sorry, as we proceed with the conversation So joining me is Chebet Cheres a digital content creator and Trophy Kiprono a communications expert So I think to me tackle the professional aspect extensively we have noted that you have to communicate in the right tone, the right words you have to understand corporate jargon na lazima wenda na brandia yu company aways yonza ku communicate from your own tone and your own brand and identity you have to understand the brand identity of the company that you are working under now let's get into the interpersonal communication for professional people sometimes try but the interpersonal especially on social media the facts that right now I can DM Rihana sometimes people feel like I've seen a post about someone who actually uses Drake's DMs as kama personal filiake so anytime she's venting about work ananda rekwad voice note kwa DM ya Drake who is a socialite, he's an international musician so I wonder, Chebet wewa kwa as a digital content creator have you gotten some DMs that uliku onawanda yes this might be a fan this might be a person who appreciates my craft but the delivery but the familiarity ko zuna zoto na nga nikama wana kujua nimeshaku for the social media I know you have you experienced that before okay like I said I've not experienced many negative comments but experiencing funny DMs and just outside crazy for sure so many times I want us to treat social media like someone's house just because it's the social media platform doesn't mean you can just walk in there because you don't walk into people's houses and just the cops will come for you you will go in so if we can do that for people's houses the social media is the same walk in with respect knock fast so I think if we always have that in mind it will really help us so about people who comment crazy things on people maybe not mine specifically but like there's just people who just who have given you the permission to you don't know me first of all in person in fact it's always the ones who don't know you that comment crazy things they speak so crazily they come there with and you know like you said people feel like they've known you so they can come there and I don't think the issue is us talking and feeling like we've known celebrities are influencers we love them we go to their DMs but now the issue is just how you're communicating really it's just do you have respect this is my space much as it's a social space it's still my space so I think let's bear that in mind always so that when you're walking into somebody's DM much as you want to say all these things say it in a manner deliver you know like how we learnt in school that it's not just about the message it's also the delivery of the message they are the same they are twins people always think it's just oh I said what I had to say because it was the truth ah ah no no no you say what you have to say but in a way that like she said doesn't offend the listener and then it's just communication really that really goes along and then sometimes people feel like this is the thing I've noticed on social media when you comment something negative on a celebs thing or an influencer or whatever because you know that negative comment will catch their attention faster than the positive one please don't be one of those people even if it takes you 15 years for them to notice your positive comments that 15 years will come but now people go for the comments because they know because they know it will trigger it will trigger that person to come and be like to now defend themselves or to like insult it and be like you see I told you guys now she's responding to me or now he's responding to me let's not be those people because just because we don't want to wait for you know they'll see positive comments like a million of them and they won't say anything but then they will see that one negative comment and go to it so I think people get get high from that which is there's no need for that if they don't notice you can go to another celebs but your favorite person who will and then comment nice things one day your nice things will add up together and I think I love the way you really brought that out because truly first of all people assume it's my opinion I have a right to my opinion and it's it's in me but you're posting on someone else's account I also like the fact that you gave the analogy of ita house yes it might be an open house na kutzokutembea but it's not like come chafwa my clothes use my utensils break my plates and then leave casually restaurants and bars are open for all try walking in there you will see you will see what will happen to you treat social media like that it's open the fact that you've even tied that together people feel they need to post negative comments for the laughs especially wakenya that is one thing I've really noticed Kenyans will they may not even have something to say but because they feel like I'm bored I'm trying to make people laugh I'm trying to get followers I'm trying to get the attention of people let me comment something funny or let me comment something that is rude or negative but that happens a lot especially with big brands because people the followers feel entitled to I follow you I've been following you for 3-4 years so I know you but then you don't really know someone Trophy how do you communicate with perhaps I have someone I idolize and I really love them and I want to get the attention I've been trying for the past 3 years attention I jive the comments are not being liked or responded to and I opt for the negative feedback sometimes it's also because of the pressure that we feel from this person you feel like they are constantly living their very best life but I'm here struggling so let me just make this one negative comment because the way people assume ladies were successful living you see the glamorous lives it's because of a man so I go and comment how do I react to that how do I as a viewer who wants to comment on my maybe I don't know some celebrities some socialites page but I feel it's coming from a negative point how do I control that it's not necessary let me just leave positive vibes or just let me walk away how do I do that by first asking yourself am I projecting my insecurities on this person most oftenly when we disagree with someone we're doing it because this person has the balls we post this and one thing and personally I don't have problem with criticism because I understand the fact that I don't know everything in life so as long as you critique what I'm saying respectfully in fact I'm okay with that because I don't know everything so you disagree without I'm posting okay but now where we draw the lines is name calling name calling, abusing people and a lot of people don't know how to disagree without being disagreeable especially when you're a woman you just have to understand some names you'll be called here and there and often when you go to these comments these negative comments you'll notice that they're doing that purposefully to get a reaction out of you they want you to react and I disagree with Chebet when she says that people don't know you actually it's always your friends they just use some pseudo accounts because they don't have the balls to face you straight and tell you like nobody has to like you because you know if you want everyone to like you then it means you have a kitu you want everyone to agree with you which is something wrong but it's okay if Chebet disagrees with me respectfully she's like I see your point but I think on this this way don't say that's very stupid that is idiotic no it's okay to disagree but disagree respectfully just ignore such negative comments don't give them the attention they want just ignore them and you'll often find them coming to the DM they'll be telling oh you're so good you're too good for my posts and my texts they'll come to the DM so you'll notice you dealing with someone who is not okay mentally disagree respectfully people misuse that term they'll write the most unprovoked thought and finish it with respectfully and that happens a lot it happens a lot this day disagreeing without being disagreeable is actually critiquing what has happened not the person I disagree with your thought about this and this don't start saying oh you know what you are ugly what does ugliness have to do with what I am posting and if you are so sure that you are beautiful what does my ugliness concern you with so it's an inferiority complex in a way that is why they are doing that so I feel like you just have to understand as a personality just as a normal social media user if you get negative feedback look at it if it's constructive if not because most times it's people projecting honestly it's people projecting because they feel envious of the position that you're in or they feel like you're doing so much and I'm not doing enough or I feel like your life is moving faster than mine when you shouldn't even compare yourself to begin with and now I want to bring us back to you mentioned that Chebet your accounts were private before you made them public could you tell us the decision of you opening a social media account and making them private because so many people ask what's the point of you being on Instagram if you have a private account with like 5 friends and 500 posts most people will do that these days because they want to maybe maintain some sort of privacy but what was the reason behind you keeping your socials private first of all there's something trophy has said about you know when people come and comment crazy things on your so one way is ignoring them but I'm also for please put people in their place please please because you will not come to somebody's house and then wruga the house and then steal things and I'll be like oh I'm just gonna ignore you whatever weapon I'm gonna get or I'm gonna call the police and you're going down because respect is a two way so you will not come and comment rubbish on people's pages and then expect to live with your rubbish you will collect whatever you came with so I think apart from ignoring them which is obviously the best but sometimes please put people in their place because people are mannerless out here social media has made people mannerless we no longer have like she said netiquette please go study about netiquette go study how to comment on people's pages how to talk to people online how to interact with people online how to receive, how to give those kind of things anyway about people who choose to be private and you know I've had that comment so many times what would you be on social media when you're a private user I don't know what the minute we make my preference or her preference or your preference and then we make it we load that preference over other people that's what we call prejudice there is no way if somebody wants to come there with their zero followers please let, they are not bothering you in fact you don't even know them in that moment they just want to see what's online without having to deal with all that nonsense because being on social media is exchanging energies with people, crazy people good people everything you're collecting it's like a basket of everything so it's not for everyone to be contaminated like that to be mixed up like that and you know by the time you're going from a private user or by the time you're deciding to go full blown open with your account, share your life you're deciding to go down a very dangerous road because you want to share you're being very brave you want to share bits and pieces of you or parts of you or just your life with people so you will get one hand people who resonate with you and they're so grateful you get a whole community that you wouldn't otherwise have in like normal life day to day living but then you also get this bunch of miserable people like she said people within securities they just want to come and project and it's a very dangerous or rather a very delicate balance if I may call it so but the time you're moving from that to that it takes a lot and then for me it's because I wanted to pursue digital content creation there are many people who don't want that life they just want to be to look at funny videos so let's let's leave people to do what they want to do if they want to be on zero followers private forever if you want to come to this side let people do what they want to do I like what you've said because that is prejudiced I can't tell you I want you to have long hair when you personally prefer to have short hair it would make sense because that is my preference and you are your own identity and that is the problem that people have because we believe say it to the social media say it to the chabets and that is my opinion because I have been following and following for so long and that's not how the world works you have to accept people for who they are and move accordingly if you're no longer pleased with maybe the content that someone produces walk away if you're not pleased with what you say you can unfollow you can do so much you don't have to and there's so much content out there there's so many creators out there who make it easy for you to get alternatives so I want us to go on our social platforms before we continue with this conversation and this is on Facebook we have Derek Dero Shaz who says and the question we were asking is what is the dislike about social media and Derek when you say that's a very clear comment because that brings an aspect of tribalism and we are trying to move away from that so why would you hide behind a social platform to do that wamboi Kelvin who says I hate celebs who always post about their families wamboi wamboi mtoto wakifal he says posting naked photos that's also I don't have anyone to follow peace cave he says he says he says he says I like that peace cave has said a very very important point you can express yourself and so many platforms have warnings against that so they will block you and take you down quickly so let me go back to wamboi Kelvin who says I hate celebs who always post about their families now let's bring that up because we have socialite celebs who post everything I just woke up I am eating this I am eating this I am eating this there are those people who will give you day to day minute by minute updates of what's going on how much are we allowed to share on social media trophy kama mimi niseleb and I'm trying to probably build up my following and as he said people who post their families and perhaps some family oriented and that's the content that I want to align myself with or to say I post so much about hair or nails or makeup but for lozongoko we are mezidi how do I go about it what makes your soul happy what makes you happy the thing is people need to understand live and let live what you feel is okay for you another person does not feel the same we are all different now we perceive the world that's the basis of communication if you don't like someone that they are posting too much about something and follow move to the next person the thing is celebrities if people didn't like what socialite are posting it would be that demand for it there is a lot of demand otherwise these guys won't be wasting their time shooting reality shows if there is no one who can make money there is demand for it I think her comment she doesn't understand this that what you think is right is not what Chebeck thinks is right what I think is right we are all different just like what Chebeck has said to bring into context whoever disagrees with her you are going to the pits of hell you will go to the roots for me I would easily disagree but then I will ask myself does that person have the mental capacity to understand something called a different perspective do I just let it to let it before you know it they start calling your names so the way Chebeck does things does not mean it's wrong that is her way of doing things the way I do things does not mean I am right or wrong it is the way I do things I live and let live that's true and just unfollow you don't have to follow these people there are so many content there are so many celebs why were you following exactly maybe you were single you were familiar unfollow imagine and you know the truth is why are you here just go because you know the problem is you don't have an issue when you post your real life and then when you try to fabricate some information or you try to maybe ume plan this is not my everyday they start saying you know you are living a fake life so where is I feel like follow content creators follow people follow personalities who you align with because you have the option of unfollowing people imagine you can just follow three people so you understand there is another side of sharing the moment you expose your life expect some backlash so you can see all good there is always the other side of everything you give people an opportunity don't expect all good what you disagree so choose your poison you are showing us your life we will question whether what happened to your relationship because you brought it up both sides are happy that's true I think the most important thing here is not whether you are sharing or not sharing it's just that etiquette of respectfully asking what happened between you and Dave because that there is a big chance you will be answered because we want the public but then if you come with your negativity you will also probably meet people like say people are different sometimes you will even be sued you are a brand and you know when you are sued they even call them social media inlaws what? it's a whole serious thing because maybe I have followers let's say I have 10k followers and I post my man today and we start moving to get me and Zeku post you know he did this we've done this six month anniversary one year anniversary and then to achane people even check and they will ask so I feel like even as a public figure you have to anticipate things like that because even if you don't want to even if you don't want to talk about it just say respectfully at this time I'm keeping the situation private I will share later on imagine my shaita songa mbele I also want to wrap it up with the conversation about people who post naked photos that happens a lot these days because people know or assume there's going to be a certain following of people especially ladies so Chabad tell us because you're a content creator and you've done very clean content that is directed you have ideas that are productive you have to post when you are a follower so talk to us about people who post naked photos what do you think should be a guiding factor if Kim Kardashian has posted this Mbonamimi nisi post and they want to compare themselves with people who have already maybe established their brand or maybe that's their brand identity what do you think about people who post that and then maybe want to change their brand later on and go in a different direction I think this boils down to everything we've been talking about today back to preference okay and what is naked complete nudity because now bikini is still not naked because how will I have a problem with people who say this one is wearing undergarments for us you need to cover up how will the undergarments companies sell those products to us how will we know we need models and personally being in the modelling industry and not just content creation how will people know if you don't advertise the briefs the boxers that's not the issue let's be very let's be guided you know that we don't go taking subjectively because now if you say that this is nakedness no no just don't follow that page who forced you to follow that page and you when you're going to buy you want to see a model who looks nice in a certain maybe bra and then you want to see how they look then you want to also see that and weigh your options be like do you like this company no I don't like how they look and no but no one has forced you to imagine just follow or don't follow those pages you go imagining how you can buy your undergarments without and then also like you said about what's that final final it was about if you want to change your direction let's say there was a lady there was a story that came up a few months years ago sometime last year about a lady who used to be very popular on covid radio those covid radio buy a popular socialite back then on instagram and she would post she would be that constantly probably naked because the kind of content but most likely naked and doing things that were considered sexual and then later on she realized I want to be a wife I want to maybe change the direction of my brand because people still associate her with the past so how do you move away from that identity particularly before lingerie these people particularly who are naked who are only fans of something who do something that's maybe sexual first of all life is dynamic no human being and life is not static no human being is static you're not stuck you're not in one place people change all the time so from the ones who are viewing understand that just educate yourself on how life is people change even you yourself you're not staying in one place you're not the same person if you were to gauge you from what you did 10 15 years ago or 30 years ago things that we don't even know about you'd be like cameras of like guys that I'm so embarrassed about that so let's not people judge people in the limelight just because the camera is pointing at them the camera hasn't pointed to you because one day the lights and the camera will be on you and all the dirt will come out so never judge just because the camera hasn't been pointed to you not because you're clean or because you're doing anything special but just because the camera hasn't turned to you then for the ones who are in the limelight who are doing content creation celebrities influencers understand that people don't love you they probably just love you in the brand there's like 3-4 people who genuinely love you and will grow with you and will understand your journeys and will cheer you and will never judge you everyone else is here to consume content they're here too it's like it's a very dangerous field like I said people are here watching what you're doing you do anything small they're here for the entertainment and that happens a lot because I personally don't have so many followers but I know for sure that people will never be seen in my stories and they'll never comment nothing they follow every single thing you do there are fast ones to hit that story or status but they will never say anything so understand that people don't love you, they're here for the entertainment they're here to know the things that are happening especially if you're the one who's sharing a lot so careful with that every time you're going into that like famous space or you're trying to put yourself out there please have that in mind and I feel like that can bring us tie me to the next conversation about mental health because so many people are suffering so many people get depressed they break down either the recipients of the content that is being created or the ones who are creating the content so trophy, could you tell us about perhaps from the perspective of someone who is creating content and they receive all this criticism every other time they hear kuna otwa toh praise, kuna otwa toh communicate but most of the times it's like kumesha kina kaji so could you tell us how do you for your mental health how can you maybe move through the digital space ask to better say it never take people's praises of you to heart don't let criticism get to your heart don't let compliments get to your head you're only as good as your story right now kesho uki trend they will crucify you, they will persecute you so one thing about putting yourself out there is to realize you being vulnerable and there are things that are associated with that, make peace with it it comes both ways so when someone criticizes you always remember nobody pulls someone down unless they're under you you'll never find someone up trying to push you down as well as down is down pulling you down, just remember that and then if it gets overwhelming just get out of social media for some time it's not a matter of life and death just get out of social media for some time and with respect to mental health and what you'd ask to bet about the naked photos and everything just remember the internet never forgets I love one thing the socialites who started this will never tell you how do these photos translate to money you know that aspect people never discuss so the young girls are like after school I'm shooting a naked photo then is the money coming from make it make sense so they need to understand that because they'd be under pressure but I'm also nude I'm also doing these photos it is because there are a lot of things behind the scenes nobody will ever tell you it is not a matter of life and death social media is there you found it it will always be there it will always be a better platform that's very true because there are people who that's the brand identity there are lingerie models there are people who have been doing that there are photographers who just do shoots of people who are naked and it's artistic so you have to really understand why am I doing this where am I going with this even in Kardashian change she's not a lawyer she's now the naked thing in Misha she's a business woman and you see even in Kenya we have a very clear example we have like Vera Sibika started as a vixen and was popular for that but then she rebranded going forward and right now people respect her as an entity so it's very important for you to understand where you're going and what direction you want to take it so I want to we got a comment briefly my phone unfortunately went off but it was a comment I believe from Twitter which is now ex I'm finding it had sometimes me too so the comment was on Sipendi watu kukuja kukatiana chinia postizangu and that happens really realistically that happens so perhaps you can trophy I can start with you maybe give me some comments on that briefly as you tie it with your your final thoughts watu katiana let them be personally I don't take these things too seriously because even whoever pahat they will actually be some wedding later so don't kill the joy and as I wrap it up I'll say this the internet never forgets and if you cannot tell someone something in person don't write it online if you cannot say it in person kukutana naehivi don't write it online it is just basic manners and I hope we had time to even cover the social media etiquette of even giving breaking news in terms of death you know that is something very important watu skizi breaking news someone has died people are like and it's like a competition to share even the photos and the images videos everything even of people who are mourning like remember Kevin Kiptun's family someone is just sharing the father breaking down like who does that is there an award or something for that is there an award for that and there really isn't Chabad could you give us your thoughts on that and she's brought another interesting aspect during the time when you meet we share let's talk about your breaking fake news because fake news is also social media so tell us briefly in probably under 90 seconds what do you think about watu kukutana chinia post zako people will get in connections like that and breaking sensitive news first of all I don't mind like he said don't take it seriously let people enjoy as long as they are not fighting in there if you are fighting now take that nonsense to another place but if they are doing nice things they are talking they are giving you nice suggestions let people be it's not that serious then about breaking fake news please always confirm your sources first and then break in a way that is very respectful and very considerate of the person there is no competition it's just that sometimes we want to share the news all of us like you know but then let's do it in a way that really doesn't injure those people and then finally I just want to say social media three things first of all social media is not a real place please it's a real place but it's not a real place keep that in mind number two social media is an illusion what people are showing you is nothing compared to what they are going through if they are showing you 10% of their joy there is a 90% you know nothing about or their money their riches they could be showing you 10% of what the other side the negative side they are going through the hardest time but there is another 90% you know nothing about keep that in mind thank you thank you so much I think that really sums it up first of all don't take it too seriously be sensitive be considerate of the other person because it's human beings imagine so be very sensitive detach yourself from some of these comments and take social media breaks because sometimes it can get really overwhelming take breaks especially if you're content creators if you're celebrities or socialites on the platforms if well any consumer be very sensitive you have to understand this is a human being with the life of their own if you do not resonate with what they are saying if you do not like the content and follow them block and follow no one is forcing you to consume their content so that is it for today it's been a very wonderful show I know we have so much left but we will have this conversation I want you to also continue this on social media and Elenu Kunembe and how you can be more sensitive on social media thank you to every single person on our production team and Timothy a very amazing producer it has been a wonderful show and I hope you stick to Y254 TV I repeat of this will air tomorrow between 1 and 2pm so please check out our pages and please stick to Y254 TV I'll see you next time at the same time same place


What is up everyone, welcome back for more Exo's Heroes content. In today's video we're going to discuss FC Deva gameplay and guide, stats, her strengths and her weaknesses, her skills, her playability in PvP and PvE, garden stone recommendations, synergy with other heroes, but before that if you want to see more Exo's Heroes content please be sure to hit the subscribe button on the right side of your screen. Let us take a look at FC Deva, her strengths are she has high attack, high dodge and high attack speed, her weaknesses are she has low HP, low defense and low block. She is kind of built like a glass cannon with a high damage and very low survivability. And we take a look at her skills. So her skills are her first one is her basic attack which deals 590 to 694 damage, her passive is your drug or hunter blessing with final hit, but the most important in the stat is your increase on critical damage by double through Crimson Strike. So this is why you need to have the FC version of Deva for her to really shine. Her S1 is deals 76% damage to all enemies and the third resets if the target dies. This is very important because this clears a lot of enemies in the field especially if they already have low health. For her S2, so it's sticky time bomb so it deals 700% damage to one enemy, a flicks target with silence for 5 turns. After 5 turns a flicks target with sticky time bomb that inflicts damage equal to 163% of current health. So again her kit is built to deal a lot of damage. So aside from dealing double damage she deals a ton of damage and she has a second damage after 5 turns and she also provides silence. The only difference with her original form is that her passive doesn't have any Crimson Strike, her S1 only attacks the back row of the formation and her S2 has lesser damage, no silence and no extra damage. So Deva if you can take note she is a machine character and she hails from the nation of Saint West and she is attack type and also magical. At first I thought she was physical but she brings a lot of versatility as a magical attack type character. So again she is viable for PvP but only for PvP tag because most of the meta in PvP evolves around battery and your high damage dealers are mostly AOE. Also in your PvE she is very good in your chapters, she is also very good in your Eupierce Labyrinth and most especially she is excellent in your Holy Dragon Grounds because of her Dragon Hunter Blessing and Crimson Strike. For her recommended Garden Stones I would recommend Darkness and Fire. For equipment set effect for Darkness you will get to have her heal either a plus 12% or plus 30% and for her Awakened set effect she will be receiving plus 25% or plus 50% for her defense and for her hit she will be getting a plus 5.4 or plus 12% for her hit. For her fire for equipment set effect she will be getting a total damage reduction for plus 5%, plus 10% or plus 20% but for Awakened set effect she will be getting plus 50, plus 750 HP, plus 2000-150 or plus 5000 HP depending on how many sets of Garden Stones have you equipped with her. For her synergy with other heroes she works well with heroes that provide her mana so that means she could reach and she could already cast or do her S2 skill. She also has a high synergy with high damage AoE and high damage single hit targets. She also has very good synergy with heroes who give her a critical hit increase. Example of this is Cernando and last is she pairs well with heroes who give decreased defense to the enemy. So there are a lot of examples for this one just have to try to check the list of heroes that you have available in your roster and try to pair these with Deva. So my last thoughts on Deva she is a terrific character in terms of dealing damage, dealing tons of damage and dealing double critical damage. The challenge with her is mainly on her survivability and on how long she can deal damage because she might be the target firstly of your enemies. So it's important to keep her alive, it's important also to have or to revive her if necessary but she is a very good character in terms of damage dealing, versatility in clearing out mobs and she really really deals a lot of damage. And that concludes this video so let me know what you think in the comments below, you all stay safe and I'll see you in the next video, London out.


Good day everyone. This is the final video in the series on industrial robotics. Today we are going to discuss industrial robot market scenario. I have included this particular topic so that the student have an idea regarding what the industrial robot market is like who makes the top number of robots, where are they sold, what are the typical exports, which industries buy these and so on. So, the learning outcomes for this session will be that the student will be able to identify major markets and producers of industrial robots obviously, identify the market scenario and future trends in industrial robots. Now, if you take a look at robot shipments by region right from 2007 to up to 2017, you will see a very distinctive upward trend. In 2007 and Asia Pacific region has been shown in blue, Europe is in red and the gray color represents the Americas. Throughout this graph, you will notice it is actually Asia which is the top producer of industrial robots. Now, that is the reason being the Japanese are one of the top manufacturers of industrial robots and China is actually one of the largest consumers of industrial robots. So, that is why the Asia Pacific region tower stands significantly higher than the others. In 2007, you would notice the sales of industrial robots stood from Asia stood around 60,000 units while Europe was around 30,000, 35,000 and Americas around 20,000. There is a significant gap even in the Asia region which you can see in 2009, which this is basically because of the financial crisis that we saw in 2008. So, that was even evident in the drop of the number of units sold, but after that soon in the industrial activity picked up and you can see a very significant trend here towards it. Europe and the Americas are relatively flat if you compared to Asia, but there is still significant growth. Now, much of this growth you will notice later on has been driven by two major domains, one obviously is automobile and the other is actually the electronics industry, especially driven by the smartphone market. Now, if you take a look at the industrial robot sales by industry, so we have the automotive industry, we have the metal industry, steel industry etc. So, which industry you can say is the largest consumer. In this case, if you take a look at the figures here, you have in 2017 which is shown in blue, you have 2016 in red and then 2015 which has been shown in grey. Remember all this data is available on IFR.org and it is very extensive and informative data. So, here it is very clear that the largest consumer is actually the automotive industry and it has been so for a very long time. In fact, the earliest applications of industrial robots were in the automotive industry. The first industrial robot which was installed was in I think in 1959 in General Motors, this next spot welding robot coming into picture around 1969. So, automotive industry has always sort of helped and assure the developments in the industrial robotics sector and they still continue to do so. A major development as you can see here is the electronics industry which is catching up. Now, here the sales are almost neck and neck. So, nearly to 125,000 units sold in each sector in 2017. It is expected that actually in the next 5 to 10 years maybe by 2025. In fact, the electronics industry would be the largest consumer of industrial robots and automotive segment will have to play second fiddle. After automotive and electronics, now you can see the metal and machinery industry in which they typically tend to group all steel, the aluminum and the ancillary. So, they form actually a second group when it comes to handle when it comes to the procurement and deployment of industrial robots. This is followed by plastics and chemicals industry, food processing industry and then all other industries have been grouped separately. This has this is nothing surprising about this. The only thing is if an older graph was available, one would clearly notice that there is a significant development in the sales of industrial robots in the electronics sector which and this information does not actually tell you what were the configurations, but it will tell you the overall trend towards the procurement of industrial robots of different configurations in these sectors. Now, one more thing which is a measure of the extent of automation is the number of robots per 10,000 employees. So, that gives us an idea how well automated these lines are and this table shows you the extent of automation for all the top countries in the world. Now, the average is around 85. So, you have 85 robots installed for every 10,000 employees that was the average figure as quoted by IFR. For Europe, the average is around 106. America is slightly less 91 and for Asia is 75. Now, surprising is today Asia is one of the largest consumers of industrial robots, but this tells you that there is even more scope for automation and more so for procurement of industrial robots. So, this is likely to grow you can say until it reaches the automation figure that which is will be around 90 to 106. Republic of Korea, one can say is one of the most automated when it comes to robot installations. They have nearly 710 robots for every 10,000 employees in the manufacturing industry. This is followed by Singapore with around 658, then you have Germany and Japan which is around 300, 322 and 323 to be precise. Japan is actually surprisingly low which we would expect Japan to be higher, but in fact is the Korea which is has more robots installed in its manufacturing sector. Then you have Sweden, Denmark, the US, Taiwan, Belgium, Italy and so on. In fact, India doesn't even feature in this particular list. China in spite of being the largest consumers of industrial robot in the past few years is still at a very low 97. So, this is expected to grow in the coming future. This will be one of the major markets. So, we expect China to reach somewhere around the 200 mark maybe by 2021 or 2023. So, this gives you an idea how the industrial robot scenario is going to spread out. In fact, if there is any sales when it comes to industrial robots in these regions, these are likely to be replacements. If some usually the lifespan is fixed at around between 10 to 15 years. So, these robots which have been installed in these countries, already developed countries will be due for replacement in the coming time in the next 5 years probably. So, you might see a little bit of activity when it comes to sales of industrial robots in the European and in Japan in probably after 2020. Now, the same data, let's discuss it in detail. One more thing that stands out is we saw the extent of industrialization that is of industrial robotics that is number of robots installed per 10,000 employees. But if you take a look at this over here, the automotive industry has significantly more robots installed than all other industries. So, in South Korea itself we have 2,435 robots every 10,000 employees in the automobile industry compared to 533 for the remaining you can say industry sector. And this trend is sort of consistent amongst all countries. So, this clearly indicates that automotive industry is the one which is which very significantly tends to go for automation first. They are the ones who pioneer the use of industrial automation equipment and this is also this is directly evident in the number of robots which are installed in the automotive sector. Now, let's interpret some of the information that we saw in the previous slides. I have given these for reference. I discussed this before. So, 80 percent of the robots in Singapore were installed in the electronics industry. So, this data was not actually available in the graphs that we seen, but the information that comes out from the report is that 80 percent of the reports in Singapore were electronics industry. The level of automation obviously is significantly higher in automotive industry than in other sectors. We saw this in the previous slide. We have also noticed that there are lot of huge investments which are piled up because of the transformation of the automotive industry towards electric vehicles and batteries and this has actually prompted the growth in South Korea. South Korea is one of the biggest suppliers of batteries for electric vehicles followed by Japan and China and these are the ones which have spurred growth of industrial robots in Korea. Now, what are the sales projections now over the next few years? Now, we have seen the data which is available to overall 381,000 that is 381,000 robots were shipped all over the world and this is expected to climb gradually to nearly 630,000 or 630,000 by the year 2021. So, we expected a very linear growth in this at a rate of 14 percent year on year till 2021. So, this is a very decent growth that one can see in industrial robot sales. Now, what is why this industrial robot market is likely to see sustained growth in the coming years? One is energy efficiency and new materials requires continuous retooling. So, that is an you can say an impetus for automation. Then rapid production and delivery of customized products at competitive prices are major incentives. Digitalization and production industry 4.0 kicking in more automation, greater emphasis on new technology that will also drive the industrial robot. You can say applications and installations. One more thing is these are getting very easier to program and use as compared to let us say 20, 30 years ago. So, in fact, now we have graphical programming ready to make models which are available for offline programming plug in place systems coming in. So, that is also reason why people are going for more and more industrial robots. Another issue is global competition which is always the case. So, more modernization grows in growing consumer markets, strong demand, all this together we can say driving the demand for industrial robots. One more thing is like I said increased demand from the electrical electronics industry because of cell phones which is somehow is not going to stop in the coming years and also the electronics industry as a corollary to the automotive industry with increased electrical application of electric powertrains will be one of the major impetus for industrial robots. The machinery and the plastics of the industry will also likely to put some demand that is probably going to remain constant. So, quite an informative you can say session we had. I definitely recommend you look up more details on this on the IFR website which has several information flyers that will be available along with significant information that is contained on the robotics association website and other similar websites on automation blogs and companies. So, with this we will call it a day and we will see further more details of robotics regarding the configuration in the coming lecture.