And now, believe it or not, it's me again. This time, I have a great pleasure and honor to introduce our first keynote speaker at this conference, Mr. Mikhail Shvetkoi, who is a special representative of the President of the Russian Federation for International Cultural Cooperation. He's a Russian theater critic. We are very glad to know that. Drama, social, and political activist. He was director of the Moscow Theater Musical and worked at the Moscow State University. He was also Russian minister of culture from 2000 to 2004 and chairman of the Federal Agency for Cultural and Cinematography. Last but not least, if you allow me to say this, to put it in this words, Mikhail Shvetkoi is a friend and we all call him Misha and not Mikhail Shvetkoi. He knows a lot of you, among you, and Misha, we are very glad to have you with us. Thank you very much. I will say, you know, there's a best advertiser in my life, you know, at least 10% of all my profit, you know. Super. Thank you. It would be the best. Dobrydin Dobrudan, good morning. The Honourable Minister of London, Lukas Avlevich, Honourable Minister of Karina, Sute, Distinguished Ambassadors, ladies and gentlemen, friends. This is a very sentimental feeling, be here for me because when I came first time in this building in 1979, I came to Bekavutche office with Dr. Klijic. He was alive at this moment. Dr. Klijic teach in university and not dream about the Amsterdam Theater Institute. He was a chairman of the Netherlands Theater Institute for a long time. And we asked Bekavutche, please, give us some tickets to show and to say, now I have not all booking and it's impossible. You know, it's impossible to forget. It's how she was. Because Bekavutche, during the bit of it, it was a great, great happy for all of Russian critics because this was a real point where we met with the foreign theater, the western theater and this was a good chance met all friends from the eastern countries. You know, when I first time, the mirror was absolutely admired person. Of course, she was a great manager. She was a great leader. She has a strategy of the future, but she was a great lady.  The car stops, you know. This was absolutely, I know another one, ladies, it was Ellen Stewart from Lama. But lady, the Ellen was a Afro-American, we know this was since the 1970s. She was a great black woman and she was, the mirror was a great white woman. And they around there, they concentrate all the work, you know, all theater work. Yevon was a very special man and he was absolutely intellectual. And when I saw him, I immediately remember the about, it was a great Polish poet, Konstantin Delfon Galczynski. He was a sentence, the intellectuals unhappy race in the all railways station. I repeat, the intellectuals unhappy race in the all railway station. He was, every time when I look to Yevon, he was unhappy. What he feeling inside, nobody knows, but he look, I ask him, you are true, because I am true, but I'm much more happy, you know, than you. We have an old joke, why is it true, never drink the analgen, analgetic, because he won't keep the ill inside. And when I watch the Yevon, I ask him, listen, I must be unhappy, you must be happy. You walk in the best festival in the world. You know, the Russian steps, the Russian impact, and Beethef was quite serious. And Beethef was a great impact to the Russian theater culture, of course, theater process in the 60s and the 70s and the 80s. And this reason, why in the 1999, was absolutely crisis situation in Belgrade, in Serbia, when NATO drops bombing the Serbia, and I walk, at the same moment, I walk in there, I was the chairman of the national broadcasting system, and my stuff was in Belgrade. And I called to CNN people and asked, where will be the next bombs, you know, because I tried to keep my stuff. This was a crisis. And in the 1999, the all most influential, or most famous Russian theater people sent the letter to Yevon, we invite the Beethef in Moscow. We understand it's absolutely impossible to make a creative festival during the military, under the bombing, you know. And we sent the letter, Yevon, if you want, we try to organize the Beethef the one time in Moscow. He said no. He said, thank you very much. I'm very appreciate it, but I won't keep the Beethef as a Belgrade place.   This was a must more than theater, you know. This was a mission. This was a mission for Mira, this was a mission for Yevon, and this was a mission, I don't know, explain why. This is not just, this is absolutely simple way to say, this was a crossing point between the East and West, no. This was a place for meeting of the all real theater people, all people who was a, who keeps a real democratic feeling of life, who keeps the real feeling of human value in the world, and for him it's very important to keep this festival in 1999 in Belgrade. This was the main reason, you know, the, a lot of, during the millennia, when you said about CIA money, I think about KJP money, but I hope this, this is my mistake, you know. Because, you must understand, this is very important. Mira, I think, was some kind of reincarnation of Ueshibostito, because the main producer of festival was Ueshibostito, of course. Because without him, without his will, without his understanding of the role of theater, center of theater in Belgrade, this was, it was impossible. But he was a very clever man, and he understand this place must be center where crossing varieties, political, cultural, and civil society movement. This was, as we said, third way in the political, during the Cold War. And I repeat, he finds an absolutely right lady. Of course, Mira was absolutely independent. Mira was absolutely free, but at the same time, he has a very good umbrella. Because politically, for Yugoslavia, the theater was a very important center of concentration, varieties, powers. And of course, for Russians, this was very important. Because during the first festival was where the Akhmadulina and Akujava, they were, they are our great poets. And they were here during the first festival in the 1967. And of course, for all the great director of the Russian, Polugimov, Tostanogov, for Efras, for Petrofamenko, later, Lev Dordin, et cetera, all big Russian performance we have present here because everybody understand. If you, if you in bit of you in the theater, in the world theater process, if you present your show in the bit of, this mean you're part of the world theater culture. And this was very important for all of them, especially during the Soviet period when there was a Cold War. You know, when I, when I thought thinking about Mira, I think she, she, that in the 1989, where the Berlin Wall ruins. And this, something symbolic, you know, she made all her missions alive. There was a ruins the Berlin Wall, you know, and when Wall ruins, she left this world. This absolutely symbolic act, you know. And for me, she creates a new world without walls. And this was very important for her. You know, the 1970s, 1960, 1970, 1967 was a very interesting period, the middle of the 60s. This was a great period, a powerful period of theater. In Poland, the Konrad Sienarski was here. They say, the Polish theater was miracle. The Czech theater, Potomac Rachia and Czech movie, and Czech literature, everything was, this was before Prague Springs. This was a great period for Hungarian theater, for Russian theater, for Yugoslavian theater. This was a great period of Yugoslavian theater. Even the 70s was a period of the real development of the eastern part of the theater world in Europe. Even 80s, you know. And, you know, the young Yugoslavian, the 70s was a young Yugoslavian director as a logisher of East Asia, for example. I don't know, now everybody destroys all relations. I don't, I speak some names in a phrase. If something cannot have a, something say, I'm sorry. But, you know, I met Borka in the middle of 70s in Moscow. You know, this is a great period of life. Absolutely different time. I repeat again, the Russian presentation in Bitov was very important, the same as Bitov was important in Russian way. Until now, we are continuing feeling this Bitov as a real center of the theater culture. And, of course, I'm happy that it's not mine. There's a becker. There's all my girls, they keep the phone only, you know. This reason, you know, you have a very complicated period, of course, now. Because if you remember, the Bitov was founded, Bitov, Avignon was founded in the 1947, I think. The International Warsaw Festival was a little bit later, but the Bitov was unique because Bitov was in Yugoslavia and Yugoslavia not be east part and not be west part. Now, fundamental future. And as we are alive, all Russian theater will try, this will be an honor for us, be in Bitov. And I hope this will be a long, long time. And when you will, without us, well, you make a celebrate 100th anniversary of Bitov, I hope some body from Russia, Kay, it will come and repeat my words. Thank you very much for such warm words and for giving, I would say, putting some light more from your private perspective and from your memories to what were the first years of Bitov. Now I have the honor to present to you our second keynote speaker, Hugo de Graf, who has been the general, please come, yes, who has been the general manager of the Kai Theater in Brussels. He was the general manager of the European Capital of Culture in Bruges in 2002. From 2007 to 2010, he was the general manager of the Flaget Art Center in Brussels, who was center-regrouping all NGOs and civil society. He co-founded one of the most important of European Theater Networks, European Theater Meeting, ITM, the European House of Culture, and many others. He's the president of parts, a dance school in Brussels, founded by Aunt Theresa de Kelsmacher, who was on Bitov, of course, as many other Flemish artists, and president of Vasa Porta, the House of Literature in Brussels. Currently, he is co-director of the Europe for Festivals for Europe platform. He was secretary general of the European Festival Association 2004-2008, and today the general coordinator and co-founder of the Festival Academy. And as our conference has been focused on one side with it as such, but on the other, festivals, and their importance in contemporary life, we invited Hubert Graf for the second keynote speech. Thank you very much. It's a real pleasure, and I'm, of course, wishing from the European Festival Association, happy anniversary. Thank you very much. It's absolutely an important day, 50 years. The number is impressive, but what's even more impressive is the history itself. It's explained already of a festival during decades of change and challenges. And if one compare this with, for instance, and as we said already, Avignon and Edinburgh, they are both in their 70 editions as a striven after the Second World War, those festivals contributed in a search for peace and living together in the destroyed Europe. Bitef in 67, and then also in that same decade, a very important festival, Festival Mondial de Theater de Nancy. I will say, as a young guy, I visited both of the festivals in the 70s, and they inspired me to found the Kai Theater in 77, and that was like a real new package of festivals in Europe with, for instance, a lift in London, in theater in Paul Verici and so on. Bitef remains important here international, but it's interesting how the nature of this importance was different in all these decades. It was already all underlined by different speakers, and how it is today to find a specificity and an international position, a struggle, but as well an interesting challenge for every festival indeed. How to stay relevant in a world of the arts that have seen already everything, embraced by a democratic society and for many European countries, although financial crisis, living in an economically satisfying civilization. Look to our bigger colleagues again, Edinburgh or Avenue. How to keep the role of guide in international theater renewal for a festival as Avenue. How to remain an example in the choice of classical music linked with contemporary creation as Edinburgh. Although they are all till today outstanding festivals with a strong program and an excellent exposure, but where is the uniqueness? It has been focused already by the earlier speaker. Where is the role for looking for the art of tomorrow and the artist changing our way of perceiving creation? I think that is an item for this Congress also very interesting to elaborate and to see further. Therefore, I'm curious for being present the debates of this Congress. The teams are relevant for the arts today and for the role of festivals tomorrow. The festival is a location, an environment and a setting where artists can present their work with a large degree of artistical freedom. The public goes to a profile festival more readily than to the regular culture supply in search of an unfilmer or of the innovation. The success lies more in the challenging artistic creation and the unusual experience in the pure consumption of culture. A festival is also seen as a factor in cultural tourism with particularly relevant economical effects. When the cash tilts are closed at the end of the day in bars and restaurants, the local economy certainly feels a difference the presence of a festival makes. Even if the economic added value is no more than a striking side effect, it cannot be ignored when it comes to defining the added value of a festival. Festivals provide the context for excellence, to be innovative by giving artists the opportunity to create or to present themselves for an audience that is open to experimentation and the avant-garde. It is mainly through festivals that new trends and other forms and expression are accepted by broader public. The role of arts festival is to program or even produce experimental work since it is there that new forms gain acceptance. That's clear. Although culture diplomacy, the team of this Congress and geographical position, although arts festivals' main mission is to give the artist exceptional opportunities to create and to present, their sense can be broader indeed. As offering to the audience the possibility to enjoy new creation, to be confronted with new visions and participate in unique moments of beauty, it brings cultures together. The European Festival Association, as the crucial network in Europe for the festival is taking these basics as their message. It leads the dialogue in the projects in collaboration between the members, but between the members, but indeed arts festivals are at the same time a platform for meeting and exposure. Used within diplomatic programs, it offers each culture an environment to make contacts easier to start or to permit constructive dialogue. One has to be clear. Festivals or instruments in culture diplomacy, yes. It's the challenge for a festival to incorporate the offered program to the promotional channels of the diplomacy into an added value for creation and for public. Talk is set out by culture diplomacy, programs must be integrated within the artistical ambition of the festival. It's only condition for being successful together as a festival program and as a tool in diplomacy. It's not about using culture for diplomatic reasons. It's connecting culture for better understanding. It's not using culture because that can lead to excluding cultures. I think it's an important item for this Congress. The European Festival Association meets through their different activities and programs very often, official representations of national institutions for culture diplomacy. Their support is not only welcomed on the budget level, of course, it's as well useful of a source of information and knowledge. Certainly in the EVA training programs, as you may know, the Festival Academy. The young generation of festival organizers are facing a strong concurrence and an extreme challenge to look for the need and the personality in the artistic profile of them. We invite the young generation in programs as the Atelier for Young Festival Manager, the Festival Production Training Program and others to go into debate and discuss where for each of them the necessity of their work for the artist and for the audience can be positioned. How to deal with culture diplomacy needs and opportunity is part of finding a balance to make a festival possible, to serve the audience by serving the artist and to connect between cultures. And to close my introduction, I would like to comment a little bit on the program from EVA that has its pilot edition from the Europe for Festival's Festival for Europe Project, an effort we call it. It effort we try to bring together festivals in Europe with a certain quality. It has to do with culture diplomacy and geographical tension. Selected them based on three essential elements, artistic program, local importance and international position. This is the base of the program. We could bring together 760 festivals from 31 European countries with the help of many national partners and more than 100 experts and an international jury. They're all brought together in the book. Some of you may know it, 760 festivals all over Europe are presented. A lot of text goes with that and we could make the pilot project supported by the European Commission, the European Parliament, and be that as part of that, a lot of Serbian festival of that. It's my pleasure, Mr. Minister, to give you already a copy. I have some copies for more of you if you are interested. Please come to me later this afternoon. We know what we wanted when we launched effort to give a voice to festivals and the festival community in the exceptional work they do every day, somewhere in Europe. We wanted to invite and involve as many festivals as possible and to acknowledge their quality. And we wanted a program that is beneficial to all those involved with festivals, artists, directors, visitors, citizens, the media, politicians, as well as a program to strengthen the culture project of Europe. For us, it was important to also give a sign that Europe, first of all, is a culture project. So that was the basic line for us to say those festivals can be instruments in the talk, in the debate to underline that Europe is a culture project. Today, when festivals are being killed, killed off by questions about their economic impact, when their values to society is measured in facts and figures, a program such as effort is about the story of festivals tells, the mission is pursue, the added value it gives to the work of the artist to a place in time to the people that participate in it. It gives room to the arts, the artist, the magic and the inexplicable, the unknown and the discover, the surprising and the recognized. And I can announce that two weeks ago, the European Commission decided that EFA, European Festival Association, can go on with this project, Europe for Festivals, Festivals for Europe, for the three years coming, 17, 18, 19. So we will work on the program further and we will have the possibility to give more platform, as we are speaking, the platform as festivals in the future. Festivals are visions in society. I thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I thank everyone, our Minister Radam Bukosavjevic, Goran Milashinovic, President of the Serbian Committee for UNESCO and our keynote speakers, Mikhail Mishashvikoi and Hugo Legref, of course the artistic director of the festival, Ivan Medenica, for their speeches in this morning. And especially I would like to thank you for mentioning our dearest colleague, Dragan Klajic, who in fact also led for a long time debates within Bittev, so he was very much really linked to Bittev, but in the same time he was initiator of the European Festival Research Project. And after this project, a lot of books and publications about festivals has been produced and that's a good moment also to give some memory to him as a Bill Bolton Theater Scholar for Belgrade, for Serbia and for Yugoslavia. So thank you all very much. And now I invite you for a coffee break. And after coffee break, we are going to have to continue our work, but now relax. And thank you all for coming. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thank you. I hope you will have the pleasure to talk again. Do you think I'm going to relax? I'm going to relax. Yeah, yeah. Maybe one day we could arrange a meeting and we'd be very, very glad to have an hour talk or somewhere relax.


Finally, we're launching a $100 million competition for innovative ideas to train and employ people who are under represented in tech. At a time when we all lead digital lives, anybody who has the drive and the will to get into this field should have a way to do so, a pathway to do so. So my administration is committed to this initiative. We've got a lot of private and nonprofit sectors leading the way. We want to get more on board. But ultimately, success is going to rest on folks like you, on mayors, council members, local leaders. Because you've got the power to bring your communities together and seize this incredible economic development opportunity that could change the way we think about training and hiring the workers of tomorrow. And the good news is these workers may emerge from the unlikeliest places. So let me wrap up with just the example of one person, a woman named LaShonna Lewis. Where's LaShonna? She's here today. I hear she was here. There she is over there. There's LaShonna. Now, the reason LaShonna's story is so relevant is LaShonna grew up in East St. Louis. She had a passion for computers. But because of circumstances, constraints, she wasn't born with a silver spoon in her mouth. She wasn't able to get a college degree. And because she didn't have a college degree, she couldn't even get an interview for a tech job, despite her coding skills. So she was working as a bus driver. And she was working in entry-level jobs. But LaShonna apparently is a stubborn person, which is good. Sometimes you need to be stubborn. So she refused to give up on her dream. And she used her free time to teach herself new computer skills. And she started going to a coding meetup that was run by Launch Code, which is a non-for-profit that finds talented people across St. Louis and gives them the training and credibility for the tech jobs employers are desperately needing to fill in as we speak. So LaShonna had the skills, Launch Code went to bat for her, and today she's a system engineer at MasterCard. Now, LaShonna, it's a great story, but understand this, MasterCard wants to hire more folks like LaShonna. Moreover, 40 percent of Launch Code's first class came in unemployed, 90 percent of its graduates were hired full-time with an average starting salary of $50,000 a year. So that's what's already happening, but it's happening at a small scale. And what we need to do is expand it.


Welcome to the Crypto Minute. Cristiano Ronaldo signed a multi-year NFT contract with Binance. Microsoft has you bought more? Well, you know. 40% of millennials in the US have bought crypto. Bitcoin closed a weekly candle below the 200-week moving average. It's fine. Everything's fine. Our Cuban said the bear market will continue until crypto ops are actually useful. Might be here a while. Alanya, you know what I always say. If you don't know where the yield is coming from, you are the yield. I just like the pain. A number of wallet addresses with the full Bitcoin reached an all-time high. Hacker Group Anonymous released a video saying they're gonna be investigating Doquan. And so I think that Bitcoin's a commodity. Will it be enough to approve a spotty tier? Really not the SEC denied Grayskills application, but they're suing. Coin miners have borrowed $4 billion against their equipment. Or did you issued a default notice to 3AC? So much block-fi and FTX speculation. I just agreed to an option to be acquired by FTX for up to $240 million. Alanya's launching a smartphone. That makes sense. The Roger Vero's coin flexed $47 million. Or they owe him money. What is the story here? Compass Mining may lose their facility for not paying their electricity bills. Just checking, are you doing okay? Mm-hmm. Well, so this is still continuing weekly rewards right now? G7 said that crypto should be held to the same standard as regular finance. I wonder how the CEO of Bitcoin is taking this news. Keep stacking and I'll see you next week.


Hello, thank you for joining me. Today I'm standing outside the Palace Hotel in the beautiful Derbyshire town of Buxton. I've come here today because I've been invited by rail trail tours to join one of their groups for the morning on their festive Chatsworth and the Peak District tour. So this tour is based here in Buxton, staying at the Palace Hotel. It's very conveniently located for the railway station over there with its famous found window. The town centre is just down there across the road and there's also the famous Buxton University where it's actually a branch of Derby University but it's a famous university. One day we'll come and do a video on that. So what's happening this morning is we're going to join the group and we're going to go to Bakewell and we're going to just see really what happens if you go on a rail trail tour. Now this one is a festive one, obviously they do tours all over the year which go to various different places all over the UK and Europe and indeed some further afield places such as Australia, India and America. So what I'm going to do now I'm going to go and find a group and we're going to go to Bakewell and see what we see. So the coaches now arrived, the guests are boarding ready for their scenic journey across the Peak Districts to Bakewell. When they get to Bakewell we're going to visit the Bakewell pudding shop and we're going to see how Bakewell puddings are made so it's going to be quite an exciting day. So we've arrived in the beautiful Derbyshire town of Bakewell. This is the bridge over the River Y. You can see the River Y stretching off in that direction and there's the town itself with the church up on the hill. It really is a lovely town you can do some lovely walks in this area in the Peak District and if you want to be noisy some man's blowing leaves to make the town look even nicer. But today on the rail trail tour what we're going to do we're going to go and see how they make the world famous Bakewell pudding. Now you may have had Bakewell tarts you can see them in most supermarkets but the real ones are Bakewell puddings and they're made here in Bakewell and as you can see the weather isn't great today. It's not stopping me or the people on the rail trail holiday enjoying themselves. It's everyone's you know excited as we're going somewhere exciting. The place we're going to is where they make the Bakewell puddings and it's just up here so we're just going to walk through the town centre and then we're going to go and see a Bakewell pudding being made which I'm really excited about because I've never seen a Bakewell pudding being made. I've always always not used to like having the Bakewell tarts as a child and indeed I still do but to see the real thing the Bakewell pudding can be quite exciting. There's a lot of outdoor type shops here in Bakewell lots of gift shops it's an area where lots of people when they explore the Peak District it's one of the towns everyone usually will come and visit. It's got some lovely stone buildings and here is where we're looking for the old original Bakewell pudding shop that's where we're going to and that's where we're going to go and see the puddings being made so if you look at the windows you can see a very exciting array of puddings and etc and this side there's more that's like there's even an ale I might even have to buy that myself. Let's go inside and see what we see. So this is inside their shop. There's a lot of things up here to do with the Bakewell puddings. We're going to go upstairs and then we're going to join the group and we're going to get our aprons ready for our demonstration. We're actually going to go and make them or the group's going to make them. I'm going to film on how a Bakewell pudding is made. So here we are for upstairs. The group is just having teas and coffees before their pudding making experience so I'm going to go and join you. So we're now in the Bakewell pudding shop and I've been given this rather nice aprons to wear. We're going to go in and see how they make a pudding so we just came upstairs to get the aprons. I'm now going downstairs and the group has gone ahead of me. I'm just trying to see where they've gone. There they are, they're up there. So we're actually going to go and see a Bakewell pudding being made which I'm really quite excited about. This is their shop. You can see all the different things you can buy in the shop. We're now going to go through into the room where they make the puddings. Has everybody got a photo? This is very much a blue Peter here is one we made earlier. As you see we're on a small area. This is not our main bake house. This is what we call our test bakery. Our main bake house is about 14 miles off site. We used to be out there and then we were baking so much both for ourselves and other people that we had to have a rethink so we now have a purpose built bakery. Everything's done in house. All the cakes, the breads and of course the puddings are all done in house but they are done off site so when we had the alterations done we had this little area for to our site. Yours?  Pop it in and when you get it in you just need to use your thumbs because you need to stretch the ones of you who bake know that pastry as it bakes shrinks back. Swing this out till you can't see any more of your foil.  Now could somebody just pass me that bag of jam down? Right so I don't want that. Now don't go mad and think I'm going to have the jammiest bake well pudding in bake well because the ones of you who makes your jam tart will know that if you get too much and it will boil out and you'll have a real mess on the baking tray. Now I don't have to clean that up, you don't have to clean it up but I know the person who does and that will be in the laptops all day. So you won't about a teaspoon full and it will find its own level. So there. This is just a little bit about the bake well pudding because puddings are the one that you only get in bake well. They are unique and traditional to bake well and it all started about the 1880s. This is the local town legend. I am not local. So I'm telling you what was told to me but in the 1880s some noble men were out hunting in the woods that then surrounded the town. They were out hunting all day and they came back to what is now the Rutland Arms at the head of our street. It was then called the Old White Horse Inn and they went to ask the manager, the owner if they could have some strawberry tarts because they were hungry. Now why if they were hungry they wanted strawberry tarts? I don't know. I don't want to say it can chips but anyway they asked for strawberry tarts. Now the copper was just having a really bad day. Some versions of the story even say she was drunk and she didn't put any flour in the mix and basically she made a mess of them but they didn't look very pre-possessing. When you get your bake well puddings back you'll think what are these? But they tasted nice and the noble men liked them and this bake well pudding as they came to be known took off in the town in the mild sort of the way. Now that's legend we're coming on here to fact at that time in the front of our shop a man named Mr Wilson was a tallow chancler, he made candles. His wife Mrs Wilson got hold of this accidental recipe and she started making them here on these premises commercially and they've been made here ever since. We make small ones, medium, large. We make an awful lot of them hundreds and hundreds in the busy season a week. We sell them in our shop, we serve them in our restaurant, we deliver them over the local area and we post them all over the world and we can post them because this in here is whoops it says I say only just come out of the fridge very stiff. It's a very rich recipe in here you've got butter, sugar, eggs and ground almonds plus the secret ingredient I've had to shoot you all if I told you it would make an awful mess on the floor so we won't do that but it makes a very nice thank you they call pudding right so now we're going to ask you you're going to put your own dollop in and it is a dollop a derbyshire dollop we don't do imperial or metric again as with your jam and as I say it's stiff that's about right you don't want a lot if you have too much it will it will all boil out and again a mess on the on the trays now it comes to the part which most people manage this part beautifully it's the little bit at the end of the get wrong the secret oh I do know I had all sorts of guesses for the secret nobody ever has a guess but really it is only I shouldn't tell you this but I will it's only a bit of something just to preserve our mystique you know it doesn't take it vital like people have guessed apples they've guessed honey they've all had all sorts of things it isn't my car do you want to come and put your name or your initials on two squares and I'm very pleased you've all got your jam in your puddings you know sometimes I have a real job cleaning up afterwards so I've just had a very interesting experience of seeing how a bake well pudding's been laid I've just been having tea in the tea room upstairs above the bake well pudding shop now I've got here John he is the tour manager of this tour so John would you just like to tell us a little bit about what what's happening on this tour yes um delighted to all of our clients arrived into Buxton yesterday some the majority by trade we organize rail inclusive arrangements for clients some clients can drive self drive options are available and we can accommodate whichever request can't once clients had settled into our rooms last night we met for dinner and then this morning we've caught coach from Buxton down to bake well we've been made very welcome and a really fun explanation on the making of bake well puddings the secret ingredients haven't been shared with us but a really informative and enjoyable morning clients now have gone their different ways within bake well just to explore the town and take in the sights then this afternoon we're catching a coach to Paul's cavern where we'll go underground to see the stark tights and staff nights and then back to the hotel prior to a walking tour of Buxton in the morning then at lunchtime we travel to Chatsworth to see the Christmas market display on the exterior of the property and then going into the house which is dressed for Christmas to see Christmas in its fine style within a short time in Derbyshire so yeah a lovely group and looking forward to getting to know all about the bags thank you very much John so as you've heard it from the tour manager himself it's people gonna really you know have a great time they're gonna see Derbyshire in a run-up to Christmas so it's um yeah great tour in this in this festive time of year so thank you very much John and enjoy the rest of your tour I'm sure you're gonna have a great time enjoy everyone out of a great time Chatsworth tomorrow so that was a very interesting and enjoyable experience seeing how the Bakewell puddings are made now before we leave Bakewell I've got somebody else who would like to say hello this is Lisa Lisa organized the tour she's from the rail trail office so yeah we're now gonna head back across the Peak District and we're gonna leave the client to explore the rest of the beautiful town of Bakewell so I hope you enjoyed this video thank you very much for watching and um if you'd like to travel on a rail trail tour then do ring up the office you can speak to one of their friendly members of staff they can send you a brochure in the post and um maybe we'll see you on a future tour so thank you very much for watching and thank you very much for rail trail tours for allowing me to join them this morning I've had a great time and so is Lisa bye


So in order to have a basis for the rest of this class, it's important to talk about the parts of a mark record. There are four different parts of a mark record. The record structure and the data content are basically parts that the cataloger doesn't have to worry about too much. There are things that the computer uses to interpret the record. The content designation is what we're mostly going to focus on. And the content designation is the stuff in the record basically. The stuff that tells the computer what is in each area of the record. And there are two different types of content designation, the variable fields and the fixed fields. In this video we are going to talk about the variable fields. These fields contain specific pieces of information. Generally they're pretty much free text where the cataloger creates what's put into them. You don't have to choose from a predetermined set of options. And the variable fields contain four different pieces of content that we'll talk about. They're identified by tags, indicators, delimiters and subfield codes. Tags are three digit numbers that you'll see at the beginning of each line in a mark record. Tags basically tell the computer what type of information is in each field. And I should back up a second and say that a field is basically a piece of information in the record. I've been using that word without defining it. And basically it's just one chunk of information in the record. So the tags tell the computer how to interpret each field. So for example the 245 tag tells the computer that this is a title and statement or responsibility. So you can see right there that 245 is called a tag in this instance. The next piece of variable content are indicators. And they are digits or blanks that give the computer kind of extra information about how to deal with the data contained in the field. The tag tells the computer generally what the information is, but some tags have indicators that are defined to tell the computer how to deal with this. For example, there are two indicators of one and a zero for this particular 245 field. And we will talk about this in more detail in the coming weeks. But the first one, the indicator one tells the computer that there is an author main entry for this record. And the second indicator is a zero. And that tells the computer that you don't need to skip any characters at the beginning. If there is an a, an, or the article at the beginning of the title, then the computer would need to skip those characters in order to alphabetize the title correctly. But in this case it doesn't need to skip anything, so the second indicator is a zero. One thing I wanted to point out is that generally when you're referring to indicators, they're mentioned separately, so you'll say that this has indicators of one zero. It doesn't, you don't say ten, just wanted to point that out. The next piece of content designation we're going to talk about are delimiters. And they basically tell the computer where each subfield starts.  So for example, here in this field we have a title, we have a subtitle, and then we have the author's name and the statement of responsibility.  Delimiters are basically symbols that telecomputers where each subfield starts. You can see different symbols, dollar signs, pound signs, the double daggers, for example. In this class we're going to use the dollar sign to represent a delimiter. And then after a delimiter you'll see a subfield code. And this indicates what type of information is in a subfield. So for example, in this 245 field, subfield A is the title proper, subfield B is the remainder of the title, basically in this case a subtitle, and then C is the statement of responsibility, in this case the author's name. So those codes are important to the computer. They tell the computer what smaller piece of information is contained in each subfield to make up this 245 field. In the resource handout that is at the top of the course webpage, you will see a link to the OCLC bibliographic formats and standards, and I highly recommend consulting that as a place for information about the tags as you go through this course. You will see that all the subfields are listed here, and some of them have R after them and some of them have NR after them. The ones with R means that they're repeatable. You can use them more than once within a given field. The ones with NR means that they are not repeatable. One thing to notice about mark tags is that they are organized by hundreds basically, and sometimes when you hear catalogers talk, their shorthand will be kind of, they'll talk about the 1xx fields or the 6xx fields, and basically any tags that all start with the same first number, they're roughly used for a similar purpose. They are one of these main categories here. Another way to think about mark tags when you're looking at them is that tags that end with the same two numbers have the same type of content. This is called parallel content, and so if you see a tag that ends with 0, 0, whether it's a 100 or a 600 or a 700, you know that's going to be a person's name. If you see a tag that ends with a 1, 0, whether it's a 110, a 610, or a 710, that's going to be a corporate name, and we're going to talk about all these more detail later, so don't worry about that, but this is the concept of parallel content. This also applies to subject headings. Anything that ends with a 5, 0 is a topical term, for example, or anything that ends with a 5, 1 is a geographic term. So the organization by hundreds and the concept of parallel content are two ways of thinking about the organization of mark tags.


Fy fawr, rydw i'r ystod cyfnodd cyfnodd ymwneud o'r cwestiwn i'r ddyfodol. Rwy'n dweud wrth cwestiwn rwy'n ddyfodol yng Nghymru, Ross Greer. Aelodd, ac i ddodd gyda'r Sgoltaeth Ysgrifennidig, ydym ni'n ddwyloedd i'r FFAA ac i ddwyloeddio'r FFAA i ddwyloedd ysgrifennidig i ddwyloedd ysgrifennidig i ddwyloedd o'r prynwyll ysgoltaeth ymwneud. Ysgrifennidig, Eileen Campbell. We are absolutely determined that people from all backgrounds are involved in football and sport generally, at all levels, reflecting the diversity of modern Scotland. We want our national game to be more diverse and there is no doubt more can be done, particularly to improve representation in key roles. I want to see more BME players and coaches in the game and I want to see other groups represented too, and I've discussed with the SFA how more progress can be made so that Scottish football can be held up worldwide as a game ond weithio. I welcome and support the good work undertaken by Hala Oosta, diversity inclusion manager at the SFA. Hala is an established and well-respected campaigner for equality, diversity and sports in a number of areas, and I'll continue to work closely with her at the SFA, as well as with the SPFL clubs and all other partners to promote equality and diversity in football and all other sports. Ross Greer. I thank the minister for that answer. The first black international player played for Scotland in 1881. Since then, we have come a long way in the diversity of our football teams, but not particularly far in the diversity of football management. Where the Rooney rule has been implemented, it has been very successful, and the NFL in America has increased the proportion of black and Hispanic management from 6 per cent to 20 per cent. It doesn't require a quota, it simply requires that an opportunity for interview is given to at least one BME candidate. Could I ask the minister again if the Scottish Government supports the principle of the Rooney rule? I am aware that the English FFA recently announced that it will be introducing the Rooney rule across its national setup later this year, and I am extremely interested in the outcome of that. I know that the Scottish FFA will consider whether lessons can be learned. Nothing will be ruled out, however, we need to ensure that any measures that we introduce in Scotland are based on Scottish circumstances and what would be most effective here. Again, I would highlight the role and work of Hala Oosta, who has done an awful lot of work around the SFA to promote diversity and equality. I also want to update the member that the SFA's intention is to implement positive action measures that will build on the capacity of underrepresented coaches through relevant training and qualifications to allow them an equal opportunity to apply for roles in the future. Again, they will be happy to continue to engage with the member and to keep them updated on the areas of progress at the work that we are doing in the SFA, but also more generally. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I could refer members to my register of interest as unpaid chair of Inverness, Caledonia and Thyssal Trust. As Roscoe has made it clear, the Rooney rule originates from the American NFL, which requires teams to interview at least one ethnic minority candidate for every head coach vacancy. As we have heard, this has been adopted by the English FFA. I believe that this is an idea whose time has come and will the minister write to the SFA to encourage them to drop the principle in Scotland, not least for the international manager vacancy? I am sure that that is vexing the people at the SFA as they seek to find a new manager. I know that Dave Stewart mentioned that he has a role in the community trust, and I think that that is an area of football that is not very well reflected in the wider press. I think that the work that our clubs and trusts do to promote many of the issues that we have described today should get much more coverage and publicity because of the key role that we play in our communities. In terms of the specifics around the Rooney rule, I remain interested to see the outcomes of some of the information and research that is happening around the Rooney rule. As I said to Ross Greer, nothing will be ruled out, but we need to make sure that any measures that we introduce in Scotland are based on Scottish circumstances and what would be most effective here and are impactful and achieve the desired outcome that I think we all want to see, which is far more diversity in our game and all rungs of the ladder. Again, I would say that we continue to work closely with the SFA, the SPFL, the clubs and other partners to continue to promote equality and diversity, and that is the specific role of Hallot Oosta, who has achieved an awful lot. Again, we will cite the fact that the SFA's intention is to implement positive action measures that would build on the capacity of underrepresented coaches through relevant training and qualification. I think that there is a whole host of different areas of work that has been taken forward by the SFA and others to promote that diversity that we need to see. Again, I will continue to engage with the member on this issue and continue to keep him updated as work on this progresses. 2. Neil Findlay To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to provide care for children who experience ill health. Cabinet Secretary, Shona Robison. The Scottish Government funds NHS Scotland to provide a range of services to promote and protect the health of children. Hospital general practice and nursing services provide on-going healthcare to children with illnesses ranging from minor to more serious long-term medical problems. 2.  I am hearing weekly heroin stories from parents of desperately ill children and they have had enough of excuse after excuse. 3. Neil Findlay Can I ask you to provide us with the timescale that you and NHS Lothian are working to get the word at St John's fully operational as a 24-7 service? In the interests of the children that Neil Findlay has mentioned, the timescale is as soon as possible. I want to take the opportunity to give an update. Obviously, as Neil Findlay and other members know, NHS Lothian took the step because of safety concerns, but it has been working extremely hard to address recruitment in this area. A 24-7 paediatric service at St John's hospital is the preferred option for NHS Lothian. As Neil Findlay also knows, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health report in the autumn of 2017 endorsed NHS Lothian's aim to maintain that service, but, of course, it recognised that the recruitment issues were significant. What NHS Lothian has been doing is quite extensive in terms of its recruitment campaign. It has confirmed that the medical team in paediatric and patient services at St John's is increasing. A consultant who was recruited at the end of last year has now joined the team. The sixth and most recent recruitment campaign, which ended last week, was successful, and an offer has been made to another candidate, which, when finalised, would take the total to seven. I am sure that Neil Findlay is aware that NHS Lothian is working to recruit eight additional consultants, as well as strengthening the number of advanced nurse practitioners in order to support children's services, both at St John's and the Royal hospital for sick children in Edinburgh. What I would say is that good progress has been made on the recruitment, and I would hope that Neil Findlay would welcome that. I remind the chamber and the PLO to the health secretary. A recent Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health report has shown that Scotland is ahead of the rest of the UK on progress being made in children's health. Can the cabinet secretary comment on what political commitments this Government has made to build on improvements that it has already made? Yes. I was very pleased to see that the Royal College report had cited a number of policies that have been taken forward in Scotland to ensure that children's health is at the core of the policies, not just in health but across other Government policies as well. I think that, particularly investment in health visitor numbers and in expanding that workforce ensures that, in the early years, the best start is made for children's lives. Of course, we are on track to deliver an increase in the number of health visitors in Scotland by 500 by the end of 2018, and that is an unprecedented 50 per cent increase in the number of health visitors. It was a very, very positive report as far as Scotland's concern and one that we should be proud of. Peter Chapman Around 450 infants, children and young people die in Scotland every year. Many of those deaths are entirely preventable. In light of that, I would like to ask the Scottish Government if it intends to take the advice of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health and create a system to ensure that child deaths are properly reviewed. Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport Obviously, there are already systems in place to review any death through the significant adverse event review process, but there is work going on specifically around child deaths, which has been taken forward by Aileen Campbell, which is very, very important. If there are any preventable deaths—and, of course, it covers many issues such as accidents, for example—and what more could be done in the preventative arena, and if there is anything more that this Government can do around that, then, of course, those deaths will be taken happy for Aileen Campbell me to write to the member with an update of the progress being made. Yesterday, I asked the Cabinet Secretary whether she would come to Paisley to explain her decision to close the children's ward at the REH directly to parents affected. The Cabinet Secretary failed to accept that invitation. People cannot have confidence in the health secretary's decision if she does not have confidence to defend it to local parents. Can I ask the Cabinet Secretary again today whether she will come to Paisley and explain her decision directly to parents affected or whether she will snub them again? The most important thing about the decision is getting on with the implementation of that decision. What is important there is that the families that are given the reassurance by those who provide the care and treatment to their children, that the new arrangements are safer and are well supported by those clinicians who treat their children and, importantly, that they have to help to address and overcome any concerns that have been expressed by the families to ensure that, through the individual care plans that they have, that need to be in place before that change happens, that those concerns are addressed and reassurances are given. That should be the priority. I hope that Neil Bibby and other members will encourage those families to engage with their health professionals to make that happen. That is the most responsible thing that Neil Bibby could do in this situation, and I hope that that is what he will do. To ask the Scottish Government what steps it is taking to ensure that the sporting facilities at Ravens Crag in Motherwell and others by people in the South of Scotland region will be maintained in their present form. I was extremely concerned to hear about the potential reduction in facilities for sporting communities and residents in North Lanarkshire and beyond, particularly as North Lanarkshire leisure will continue to benefit from charity relief from non-domestic rates following our recent reduction of the recommendation from the external Barclay review to end this. I asked the chief executive of sport Scotland to engage directly with North Lanarkshire leisure on this matter. I can confirm that the chief executive of sport Scotland has now spoken to the chief executive of North Lanarkshire Council, who has now agreed to pause on any decision-making on Ravens Crag until all relevant parties are around the table. As MSP for Clydesdale, I also maintain a constituency interest on the issue, given the number of my constituents who use this regional sporting facility, and I have made my own representations on that basis. I welcome the comments of the minister. However, the concern of law and district amateurs athletics is that a significant part of the indoor facilities at Ravens Crag centre are likely to be cut and impacting on both our communities' fitness, happiness and welfare and opportunities for developing elite athletes. The importance of the indoor training facilities will not be lost on anyone in the chamber, whether wise. If the proposed cuts in the Scottish Government's draft budget to council funding are implemented, those facilities will be jeopardised, and the legacy of the Glasgow Commonwealth Games to promote athletics will be lost if the facilities are not available. Can the minister tell me what the strategy is to ensure local sporting facilities are at the centre of Scotland's health and wellbeing? Can I remind the member that it was Sports Scotland that invests over £7 million in North Lanarkshire Council in 2008? That was to provide a regional sporting facility as part of the strategy for Scotland, with the aim of developing a network of multi-sports facilities right across Scotland through that partnership approach. Again, though, I just want to reiterate that I asked and I sought the engagement of the chief executive of Sports Scotland to engage directly with North Lanarkshire Leisure. Through that action, North Lanarkshire Council has now agreed to pause on the decision-making on Ravenscraig until all relevant parties are around the table. I am very well aware, through representations made to myself by law and district athletics club about the importance in which they attach the facility that they have at Ravenscraig, to the many representations that I have received from other athletics bodies across Lanarkshire and beyond, because of that regional role that that particular facility fills in Scotland. That is the basis by which Sports Scotland will engage in all the relevant partners around the table to make sure that we can get a successful way forward. Again, I was extremely concerned to hear about the reduction of facilities for those sporting communities, particularly because of the good progress that we have made in legacy, the significant progress in legacy after the 2014 Commonwealth Games. I will continue to keep members who have an interest updated, but I am very pleased that the chief executive of Sports Scotland has managed to seek and get a pause on that decision until there is further work carried out. That is primarily a decision for the Labour-controlled Council, Alio North Lanarkshire Leisure. Does the minister agree with me that consideration going forward is absolutely vital that decisions take into account the inclusivity of activities and the impact that any decision has on the desired effect of maximising sport uptake for all? Absolutely. That is why it is positive that Sports Scotland, because of that significant investment that had gone into North Lanarkshire Council back in 2008, has managed to facilitate a meeting to convene everybody who has an interest on the issue around the table to work out a way forward. I understand that there are issues around the financial element of athletics participation in Ravenscraig, but that should not be the only driver on a regional facility like that. There should be an opportunity for all sports to be able to access those good sporting facilities that we have in Scotland because of that significant public investment that has gone in. I will continue to keep members updated with the constituency interests that she has on how those discussions progress. Given that Ravenscraig facility received significant public funds, can I ask the Scottish Government what protocols are in place to ensure that usage of the facility matches the investment application and that, at the time of the application, there was a plan in place to maximise the usage of the facility for the purpose for which it was designed? Sport Scotland continues to take a real interest in the operation of the regional facilities that are around the country, and that is why, in that particular instance, Sport Scotland has engaged so thoroughly on the issue to ensure that we can secure access for all sports of the regional facility because of that significant interest that investment that they have put in nearly 10 years ago. Given that we took the decision that we did to reject that particular recommendation from the Barclay review, it is disappointing and concerning to hear of North Lanarkshire Leisure's particular proposals and the real feeling from so many of the local athletics clubs that they do not feel that they have been properly engaged in this process. That is why it is important that we await the progression of the meeting that will be convened by Sport Scotland to engage all the relevant partners. To ask the Scottish Government what discussions it has had with the UK Government regarding introducing a safe injection room for drug users in Glasgow. Following advice from the Lord Advocate on Glasgow's proposals, I wrote to the UK Government's parliamentary undersecretary of state for crime, safeguarding and vulnerability on 9 November last year, requesting a meeting to discuss devolving powers to the Scottish Parliament that would allow Glasgow to progress its proposal for a safer injecting facility. I await a response to that request. However, at the end of a Westminster debate last week, the UK Government said that it had no intention of supporting this proposal or devolving the necessary powers. I urge it to reconsider, particularly in light of the specific public health needs in Glasgow. Rona Mackay Thank the minister for that answer. Given that those projects have proved successful elsewhere in reducing harm, such as preventing increases in HIV infection rates, does she agree with me that if and when those powers come to Scotland, we should introduce safe rooms for addicts as quickly as is practicable? I agree that there is absolutely evidence that safer injecting facilities are successful in reducing harm for people who inject drugs. Importantly, they also offer a real opportunity to engage with a specific population who may not ordinarily use existing treatment and support services. If we had the relevant powers, we could consider any business case to introduce such a facility based on its merits, particularly in areas where there is a clear public health need. Gillian Martin To ask the Scottish Government what it is doing to support women's football and rugby. The Scottish Government is a strong supporter of women and girls' football and rugby and recognises the strong contribution that it makes to encouraging women and girls' participation as well as raising Scotland's profile on the international stage. We work closely with the SFA, Scottish Women's Football, Scottish Rugby and many other partners to raise the profile of the women's game and provide support investment throughout and through Sport Scotland. Both sports are represented on the Women and Girls Sport advisory board that I established in September last year. Gillian Martin Thank you, minister. For that answer, I must declare family interest, as my niece Ellis Martin is an under-19 Scotland 7s international, and I asked her to ask her teammates what issue they would like me to raise with them. They wanted to ask, with women's rugby and football becoming more popular, it makes sense that the women's games are able to reach a wider audience. Given that a new BBC Scotland television channel is due to be launched, has the minister had any discussions with them about how women's rugby and football will be better represented on television? Thank you. I am sure that everybody wishes her niece very well in her rugby career. It is a game that I have recently taken up, so if she has any hints and tips to give to me, I would be very welcome of them. Given that she has raised that particular issue, I think that it is a very important issue around raising the profile, I absolutely agree with the member on that issue and would warmly welcome more television coverage for women's rugby and football. We are absolutely determined to raise the profile of women's sport to help to increase participation, and any steps by broadcasters to support that would be warmly welcomed. I will explore that issue directly, along with my colleague the cabinet secretary Fiona Hyslop, and consider what steps could be taken. However, the member may wish to know that I met recently with the director of strategy and partnership at MG Alaba last year, and we discussed the channel's strong commitment to women's football. BBC Alaba currently supports both women's football and rugby, and I hope that support continues into the new BBC Scotland television channel. The Scottish Borders has a rich and strong rugby history. Would the cabinet secretary agree that efforts to help more women, such as Scotland player Lisa Thompson from Hoyt, to take up rugby as part of a healthy and active lifestyle, would be welcome, and to support schools and clubs at the grass-roots level to break down barriers and overcome the challenges in order to promote rugby as a game for young girls as well as boys is essential? Of course, the whole of the country recognises the real strong link that the Borders has with rugby. As we prepare to look at the six nations with a very optimistic looking Scotland team, I am sure that that will again inspire more people to take up the sport. Also, what it should do is because the six nations women's tournament will also be happening. That again should give an opportunity to raise the profile for girls in a sport that is really fast growing. It was one of the sports that we highlighted in our Women and Girls sports week last year as a real key area of strength. I am certainly not sure if the member was at the SRU reception last week in Parliament. We heard many stories about how important the club structure for rugby is in terms of promoting the game. I am sure that she will be well aware of many of the clubs that she represents in her region. Certainly, I know in my own area how important that club structure is, the real nurturing, the care, the attention that they provide to young sports stars of the future, both girls and boys, to ensure that in the future we will have a structure and a number of players to continue the sense of optimism that we have in our current rugby squads. Mary Fee. Only one woman sits on the SFA board of directors and only one woman sits on the SRU board of directors. I am sure that the minister is aware that positive role models can have a significant impact. What will the minister do to improve and promote female participation at board level, which would have the knock-on effect of improving sporting participation? I thank the member for the question. I think that, linking back to the question that Ross Greer asked earlier, she recognises and articulates a real area that is needing improvement, particularly in the SFA. I think that there is opportunity in the SRU with the vice president, Dee Bradbury, who will be president of the SRU later this year, who will be the first woman in that tier of rugby to be a pulled-up presidential position. I think that she certainly realises the real opportunity that she has in that position to be greater strife forward in terms of increasing the participation of girls and women playing rugby but also being involved in the set-up and the structures of rugby. I think that there is opportunity to potentially push forward the same agenda in football as well. Dee Bradbury, for the member's interests, sits on our women and girls advisory board because of that significant role that she plays in rugby to help advise us on what more we can do to ensure that women and girls participate in sport but also get those opportunities to establish themselves within the operating structures of sport. Regardless of whether it is football or rugby, I think that there is a real need for us to do far more to have women represented in all runs of sport. 6. General Ruth To ask the Scottish Government what proposals it has to reduce waiting times in hospitals next winter. I thank health and social care staff for the tremendous contribution that they are making to maintain safe patient care this winter. Although we have seen exceptional pressures on A and E services across Scotland, eight out of 10 patients were seen treated and discharged or admitted within the four-hour target. Performance in the latest week ending 14 January was 85.8 per cent. We routinely review winter each year so that we can learn lessons from what went well and identify areas for improvement. I should also add that NHS Fife received £1.36 million from the £22.4 million allocated to NHS boards this year to help prepare for winter. 6. General Ruth I thank the cabinet secretary for that response. The latest figures from NHS Fife show that only 81.4 per cent of planned operations were seen within the 18-week initial referral to treatment time guidelines. Can the cabinet secretary confirm what guidance she will provide to NHS Fife to ensure that this issue is addressed? I have made £15 million available to NHS Scotland specifically to reduce waiting times for hospital planned care in the current financial year, with NHS Fife receiving £3.4 million of the funding. That funding will reduce waits across the whole patient pathway, outpatient diagnostics and for inpatient and day-case treatment, and expect Fife and all other boards to make improvements by the spring of this year. The funding and the work of the access collaborative, which is being led by Professor Derek Bell, should support significant improvement in delivering the 18-week referral to treatment time in NHS Fife during this year and elsewhere in Scotland. Short staffing was the root cause of a lot of the problems that we saw in hospitals across Scotland this winter. There are currently 3,000 vacant nursing posts in Scotland, a shortfall that I believe can be directly linked to Nicola Sturgeon's decision to cut nurse training places in 2012. Can the cabinet secretary tell Parliament how she will ensure that shortfall is reduced by next winter? First of all, I remind Miles Briggs that we have a huge expansion programme of nurse training, 2,600 training places over the course of this Parliament, which will be important in expanding the workforce. Of course, we are recruiting more nurses. We also recognise that some of the measures that we have taken have put us in a very strong position. For example, we have retained the bursary and support for student nurses in midwives. If he looks at what has happened south of the border because of the loss of both of those funding... Miles Briggs has parties in charge of the board and has made decisions that has shown a huge reduction in nurses. If he had watched the BBC over the last few weeks, he would have seen the crisis in nursing south of the border, so he cannot be in charge in one part of the UK where nurse recruitment is in crisis and has come here and accused the Scottish Government of not doing enough to recruit and retain nurses. I have laid out the plans for the recruitment and retention of nurses, 2,600 extra places for training nurses and midwives. That is a huge investment, and more than £40 million of investment will go a long way to making sure that we can reduce reliance on agency nurses and to make sure that we can recruit to those substantive posts. Back in Scotland and back in the real world, Presiding Officer, I join in the cabinet secretary in thanking all our NHS staff who have been going above and beyond over the winter period. The reality is that this is not just a challenge during winter. We have problems meeting our waiting times all year round and those challenges are put under the microscope over the winter period. There are three ways to reduce our waiting times. One is to adequately fund our NHS, and the reality is that over the next four years there are £1.5 billion of cuts that health boards will be making. It is adequately staffing our wards, but we currently have three and a half thousand nursing and midwifery vacancies and it is also having appropriate local services, meaning saving services such as the RE-8 paediatric ward, and instead transferring those to an already overstretched Queen Elizabeth university hospital. Does the cabinet secretary recognise that her rhetoric does not meet with her decisions and what action will she take? Anas Sarwar seems to have forgotten the fact that we are talking about the brand new royal hospital for children, not the Queen Elizabeth hospital, but the royal hospital for children, a brand new state of the art hospital. I thought that we would have known that that now exists as a brand new state of the art hospital for children that we would expect. The performance of that hospital is fantastic. If you look at its A and E performance, I think that it was around 98 per cent over the last published figures. It has the capacity. There are no issues with the capacity of that hospital. It has adequate beds and is able to provide a first-class service. I would have thought that Anas Sarwar is saying that a new state of the art children's hospital does not provide a first-class service. That is absolutely outrageous that you will be talking down. Our state of the art first-class hospital has been absolutely held up as one of the best children's hospitals in the United Kingdom. Instead of talking down that hospital, you should be talking up the hospital. Given that it is one of your local hospitals, Anas Sarwar, I find that quite shocking. In terms of funding, let me address funding. £2 billion more funding over the course of this Parliament for the NHS is far more than the Labour Party offered in your manifesto. There are no budget proposals coming from your party to put more money into the NHS for 1819. If Anas Sarwar wants to come forward with a budget amendment that puts more money than we are going to put into the NHS, we would be interested to see that, but you have brought forward nothing. You come to this place and argue for more money, but you are not prepared to come forward with budget amendments that deliver that money, so we will continue to fund the NHS to record levels. There are more staff than ever before working in the NHS, so we will continue to put the resources into the NHS and we will leave Labour just to snipe from the sidelines. To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to correct the £165 million discrepancy in NHS Grampian's funding, which the Scottish Parliament Information Centre has suggested has arisen, because the board's NRAC funding targets have not been met since 2009. NHS Grampian will receive a resource budget uplift of 2.1 per cent in 2018-19. The highest percentage uplift of any territorial board includes a £5 million share of additional NRAC parity funding and takes the board's annual resource budget to £921 million. The Scottish Government has invested significantly in supporting boards that are behind parity, and over a seven-year period has committed an additional £1.2 billion to those boards that are below their NRAC parity levels. In 2018-19, all boards will be within 0.8 per cent of NRAC parity. NHS Grampian will have received additional funding of £52 million since 2015-16 for the specific purpose of accelerating NRAC parity. Cabinet Secretary, over the past nine years, a self and her predecessor have consistently underfunded NHS Grampian health board in their own targets. NHS Grampian health board is already the lowest funded health board in the country by the Scottish Government's targets, and therefore to underfund it again—and in this year it is underfunded by £12 million—is not satisfactory. Does the cabinet secretary feel that she is satisfied with the level of funding for NHS Grampian health board? Will she like to explain, if she is satisfied with it, to all those people who are waiting for planned operations that have been cancelled and those people who are accidentally in an emergency who have to wait over eight hours and twelve hours to be seen? What I would encourage Mike Rumbles to do is to perhaps occasionally turn up to the briefings that are provided by NHS Grampian to local members, because at those briefings important information about funding to NHS Grampian, as was given at the last meeting, as I understand it, would have helped Mike Rumbles to better understand the funding position of NHS Grampian. I will let me just say this as well. Given that year-to-year movements in the NRAC target allocations would have not been appropriate or possible to move NHS Grampian or any other board below parity to absolute parity, because that would require an equivalent reduction in funding for those boards such as NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, NHS Borders, NHS Dumfries and Galloway and NHS Western Isles that are above parity. If Mike Rumbles is saying that money should have been stripped out of those boards and given to Grampian over a single year, that would not have been fair or appropriate, that would not have been a responsible thing to do. The NRAC formula works by bringing about a gradual movement in the funding of those boards that are below parity. The Scottish Government is supporting all boards behind parity. As I said in my initial answer, we have committed an additional £1.2 billion, over a seven-year period, to those boards below their NRAC parity levels. Importantly, they are all now within 0.8 per cent of parity. That is the closest to parity that we have ever been, and I would have thought that Mike Rumbles might have welcomed that. Question 8, Peter Chapman. To ask the Scottish Government what progress has been made to add malignant melanoma to the detect cancer early programme. The Scottish Government's detect cancer early programme is supporting five pilot projects focusing on improvements in the early diagnosis of malignant melanoma across five NHS boards. Those pilots are due to report at the end of March 2018, when the detect cancer early programme board will consider those reports and the potential to scale up any projects for regional and national activity. The Scottish Government has reinforced its commitment to earlier diagnosis and treatment outlined in beating cancer ambition and action. This cancer strategy, in accompanying £100 million of investment, serves as a blueprint for the future of cancer services in Scotland and aims to improve the prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment and aftercare for people who may be suspected to have or have a confirmed diagnosis of cancer of any type. Peter Chapman. The detect cancer early programme was launched in 2012, focusing on long breast and colorectal cancers. Between 2012 and 2016, there were 882 recorded mortalities from malignant melanoma in Scotland, and the Grampian Health Board covered my constituency with the fourth highest rate with 79. Cancer early diagnosis rates have failed to increase enough to meet the Government target, so can the cabinet secretary commit to adding malignant melanoma to the programme and raise its early detection targets and, therefore, hope to reduce mortalities? The member raises an important point. We have seen an increase in the instances of malignant melanoma since 2015. There were 1,363 diagnoses of melanoma, which is a 36.6 per cent increase on incidents over the past 10 years. We know a lot of the reasons for that, as I am sure that the member will appreciate what is important and what we do about it. The detect cancer early programme board, as I indicated in my first answer, agreed at an options appraisal process to look at the potential to include additional tumour groups into the DCE programme. Following the process, it was agreed to consider malignant melanoma as the next tumour type of interest in the programme. Clinical consensus was that a large-scale public awareness campaign would not be beneficial and that funding should focus on improvements in the existing diagnostic pathways to ensure that those who are most at risk were prioritised as requiring urgent assessment. Boards were invited to bid for funding to develop those local tests of change projects for delivery, and, as I said, that will be reporting in March 2018. Once that reports, I can write to the member with what that says and then we will take action thereafter, depending on what the report tells us. To ask the Scottish Government how it measures the performance of NHS boards to ensure that they deliver the highest-quality services for the populations that they serve. NHS board performance is measured using a broad range of measures, including those contained in the local delivery plan standards, the hospital scorecard and the winter NHS service weekly suite. Measures include important areas such as healthcare-associated infections, waiting times, activity, delayed discharge, patient safety and flu consultations. I would be happy to provide a comprehensive list of the measures that we currently use if the member finds that helpful. I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. The Scottish Government entrusts health boards with more than £13 billion of public money each year, and, more important than that, we entrust them with serving the health needs of the people of Scotland. Can I ask what processes are in place to ensure that any performance gaps at health boards are identified and managed? We do that in a number of ways. On an on-going basis, the officials in the Scottish Government work with their counterparts and local boards and, indeed, in the health and social care partnerships. For example, our financial official director of finance will work with the director of finances in the local boards to ensure that, on financial performance, the boards are setting out their plans, meeting key milestones and achieving their targets. Likewise, on performance, work is laid out in terms of the plans that we would expect boards to deliver, not least for the funding that we have put in specifically for the £50 million for reducing waiting times. In addition to all that on-going monocing, we would have the annual appraisal, which is either led by officials or by ministers, to ensure that there is public accountability on an annual basis for the money that the public puts into funding on NHS. I think that they are entitled to know how that is spent. I thank the ministers and members for their contributions. That concludes portfolio questions.