Welcome back everyone to theCUBE's coverage here on location in Las Vegas for AWS re-invent annual conference for AWS. I'm John Furrier, your host with Dave Vellante, Shelly Kramer, Don Klein, Rob Hofer. Our whole team coverage is here. We are in the MongoDB Emerald Lounge Club. This is the Sugar Cane bar in Vegas. This is the Sugar Cube action day. We called it the Sugar theCUBE here. Our next guest is here as our CPO Chief Product Officer of MongoDB. Thanks for having us here. Welcome back to theCUBE. Good to see you both. Good to see you guys.  Yes. Alright, generative AI, a lot of data discussions. Just really, I thought a really good keynote. I thought they really, they had to come out, Adam had to deliver. They had to, they were getting hammered in the press. He hit a home run. But you know, you guys have a great relationship. Booth gets bigger every year. Partnership gets bigger. What's the status of your relationship with Amazon? Let's start with the partnership. You guys have a relationship with these guys. You have an ecosystem. What's the update on the partnership? Yeah, I would say, you know, as you can tell from the investment we've put here and the energy here, our partnership is really strong. And frankly, I think it's getting stronger. You know, just this week we announced integration with some of their AI technologies with Bedrock and MongoDB as we work with them on training their large language model, code assistance, code whisper on MongoDB best practices. So I would say the partnerships at an all time high. We're seeing a lot of areas of collaboration and we're fortunate to be a premier partner and value the relationship with AWS. What does it mean to integrate with Bedrock? What do you have to do to do that? You have to accommodate all this different optionality. How difficult or easy is that? Absolutely. So, you know, we love what they're doing with Bedrock because it creates a really nice abstraction and API for any development team to start to embed, you know, generative AI capabilities more easily as part of their application. And you know, part of that is obviously the large language models, whether it be integrating the open source models or various other available proprietary models. That's one part of the equation. But as you guys know, a lot of what organizations are trying to do is add context with their own domain specific proprietary data that their organization has unique information about. And a lot of that gets stored in their own data sources and structures. One of the most popular for that, of course, is MongoDB and our vector search engine. So as Bedrock looks to combine public LLM workflows with proprietary data of custom embedding to these organizations for whatever the information is, any enterprise has, it's unique. Joining those together, but in an integrated developer experience, you can serve that simply through an API becomes a really interesting combination. And so we're working with them to make sure we're a first class citizen backing vector data store as part of the Bedrock experience and our start to work on that integration. It's interesting because they talk about Bedrock as that layer two of the stack, which is essentially going to, is the middleware now. I call it middleware, oversimplify it, but the point is that's where the action is. Data's got to be key, you got a power law of a long tail of open source with the proprietary model. So, you know, this is a big data game. Big data and just a whole new stack emerging for how people are building these generative AI powered applications. And so we're obviously focused on the data layer around how do we simplify operational data, metadata, search data, vector data all in a single platform, but then plug into the various frameworks and level at the layer two and make sure we're open and ubiquitous where no matter how customers want to build. I was going to ask you, that's formally for our AI, since it's capturing everything now. What is your product strategy as this new stack's emerging? Obviously the legacy of Mongo, huge install base. You don't have a lot of customers that leave you, they grow with you. What's the current product strategy on your plate right now? Yeah, it relates to AI. There's really kind of three pillars to what we're focused on. The first is, as I mentioned, making sure MongoDB as a data platform is suited for this next generation of AI applications. So that's obviously our core database, the scalability, the performance, the ability to join massive datasets together, combined with newer features that we've added to the platform like vectorization and bring that developer experience of people who love a Mongo and not have to introduce another technology component, more sprawl in their environment. And that's both development we've done on our own but also partnerships. So we mentioned bedrock, but also an emerging ecosystem of startups and open frameworks. Lama index, a lang chain. We've worked proactively over the last year to make sure MongoDB is well integrated into an open stack of technologies and tools and that we can be a part of the foundational data layer for these modern applications. And so that's sort of pillar one of our strategy. I know we're hearing a lot of focus this week. The second is how do we make the developer experience of working with MongoDB even more easy, even more seamless? This is where we've taken AI and embedded it in our product and even just beyond the products into our developer experience. So everything from making our documentation smarter with the ability to use semantic search to be able to find answers more quickly, leveraging code assistance in our IDEs. So a developer can develop complex queries much more easily even using natural language or even serving business users who may want to build a dashboard or report on their operational data in Mongo. They may not be technical or know the MongoDB query language so now you can just ask a question of the system and it'll generate a chart. So really just how do we make developers more productive by using our platform? That also ties into taking our knowledge and feeding it into things like Code Whisper or the other eight code assistance because we have a massive developer community increasingly using code assistance. We want to make sure the answers coming back are adhering to our best practices or writing efficient and accurate code. So that's where we're working with our partners to train those models based on our unique information. You're going to be input into bedrock as you mentioned before. Exactly.  And feeding those best practices into those models. And then the third which I think is an interesting one is there's billions of dollars of legacy applications built on legacy data technologies sitting in the data center. And we've been working for years on modernization projects with our services or our partners in the SI space. We really think there's an opportunity for GenAI LLMs to help automate everything from understanding legacy apps where the developers aren't even around anymore to understanding the old legacy stored procedures and converting that into MongoDB queries or even taking the app code and automating some of the modernization into a microservices architecture. Do we think it's going to be fully automated anytime soon? Probably not, but even 10, 20, 50% of that has hundreds of millions of dollars of potential cost savings implications for our customers to want to get out of that legacy and move into a more modern platform. So your vector search adoption is exploding which shocked me, I saw the Retool Survey, it was like 1400 survey respondents. They said only about 20% but they're still like 250, 280, maybe 300 that were actually using vector databases. And Mongo was the most popular Mongo and Pinecone and your NPS was off the charts. I was shocked because you're not even GA yet. So why is that uptake so high? And are there use cases where it doesn't make sense to consolidate on Mongo? Sure, so I think we're very fortunate that the reception of our vector search technology which is just embedded into the core MongoDB experience has been really exciting. We've got more pull for this product than anything recently just given how exciting everything is in the AI space. And I think the reason why is fundamentally about the developer experience. We like to joke internally that an AI application is still an application. You still need a scalable transactional database. You still need the ability to search your data using keywords and synonyms. You still need stream processing. You need all these other capabilities. It's not just the vector database. So instead of having to bolt on another component that you have to operate, scale, learn, if that just becomes part of the technology developers are already using like MongoDB, it just allows them to move much faster, prototype much more quickly. And that elegant experience of having it all integrated has been a real, real benefit. Is there a trade off though? You would think that if somebody, if all they do was vector database, you would think, just putting myself, if I own what I say, well, we're faster, we're more focused, that's all of our R&D goes. Is there a trade off there or is it pretty much a feature? We certainly have a point of view on this. We think it's frankly a feature. And if you look at where a lot of the investment in the pure play technology is going, it's in building a large scale distributed operational database system. We've been doing that for 15 years. So that's actually where a lot of the dollars are going versus actually anything that novel around vector management. Now that being said, of course there's going to be an ecosystem of specialized tools, but just like there are specialists in every niche of the database market that can serve very kind of esoteric niche needs, that's great. We're trying to be a general purpose platform for 80% of the use cases in the average organization and that's really what we're seeing the update. Would you invest in one of those vector database companies? No, it's a feature, not a company. All right, so I want to continue with a little bit on a use case. So the other interesting thing is you guys, as you dip your toe into the analytics space, your strategy is to essentially make it easier for your developers to do certain analytics. We don't necessarily need snowflake to figure out what's going on inside of our rag, right? So how can a company like ours extend to do some basic analytics on how people are using the system and what the patterns are and where we should double down? Sure, and for us, we're clearly in the operational space and what we're focused on is how do we make sure that you can get analytics in real time off your operational data? Whether that's a business user looking at a dashboard or increasingly so an application that's automating that decision making process in software and code. And one of the things we've seen over the last few years actually is analytics moving from reporting for executives to make decisions to smarter software that automates that decision making process. Well, that becomes an operational data platform that developers have to care about, not something that just analysts and kind of a BI reporting team care about. And I think of anything, the boom with Gen AI is doing the same thing with data science and machine learning where instead of being in a walled garden centralized data science and ML team running kind of analysis and insights, now every development team is being asked to be competent in how to apply Gen AI to the software experiences that they're building every day. So this kind of shift left that we saw with security or we saw with operations is now happening with analytics, with ML and moving to where we think really things go, which is more sophisticated smarter software that ultimately automates more and more that business process. And we think we're well positioned given our strength on developer community and operational scalable systems. You guys are the first ones on theCUBE to actually use the shift left analogy. We've been saying for a year now the data developers emerging. We talked about it in New York. And data is going to be part of their workflow. And so, okay, they're going to shift left. Totally agree. I think that's a home run winner. Lock that in. Now the next question is what changes on analytics when it comes to like observability in quotes? Because one of the big conversations with the whole reg retrieval augmentation generation is that you don't have metrics on what is good. So the memory aspect of the results and we see that today by typing in the same query you get different answers. So as developers try to figure out the equation in the math, so to speak, how do you see the product side having that reporting verification? Just is it working? How do I repeat it? How do I iterate? There's a lot of interesting open questions right now. I mean, there's a lot, you know, vibrant ecosystem of new technologies and new approaches all around generative AI and how we operationalize it. So one of the things we're partnering and also very closely focused on is how do we make the experience of tying into whether it's an open source model or a public foundational model more seamless for developers so that as things shift left there's less custom development to tie that whole rag workflow together and to be able to even just stitch it together and make that more prescriptive, more abstracted. That's kind of step one. But then we're also working closely with a variety of partners in model evaluation, model observability to say, okay, which of my models are most accurately producing results that are consistent and repeatable? How am I reducing hallucinations based on the vectorization and the custom context that I have? And there's a whole suite of technologies actually being invested in by Vetri Capital right now around model eval, model observability. And, you know, a question for us is really, are we really domain area specialists in that or is that a new opportunity for us to partner and create an open ecosystem where we can promote multiple providers that have different domain experience across that life cycle? I think it's early days and, you know, we're being very open-minded and if you're a smaller organization, you know, out there working in these areas, we are all ears on innovation labs, on investments and integrations. What's the opportunity for you to invest, partner, and partner with the ecosystem? All right, so the next question, which I think tease out for is this open versus closed. I've been comparing the AI way to the web. My generation, I remember that clearly. But prior to the web, we had online service providers. They're the proprietary dial-up systems. AOL, they're no longer around. The web was standard. DNS, HDB, HTML, Confensers provides, moved over to the web. That's historical perspective. Is there a parallel here, because there's a big open source conversation on what the models are, but also what's being built? Will there be some sort of web DNS-like AI model coming out, a new system to do it? Is it the data layers or the control plane? What's your vision on this? I know it's open, tough question, but... It's a tough question because obviously there's a lot of dynamism right now. It's early days. Actually, one of our product VPs likes to say we're in the AOL area of Internet of AI, so the area of knowledge...  Exactly. Next cave had the answer and got beat by Microsoft. I think organizations are under a lot of pressure on one hand to, right now with the economic environment, save costs, be super efficient. But yet, at the same time, respond to one of the biggest technology platform shifts of our era, the whole shift to AI. There's a tension there. And so I think anytime there's these big waves and a lot of pressure to move fast, getting an output and a solution out there, even if it's closed or integrating a vertical stack, sometimes in my opinion, can get a first mover advantage because it's just prescriptive and it's an easy answer to get a result. But as the market matures over time, customers build sophistication. They want more control, they want more flexibility and that's where open standards, open platforms that emerge. So if you ask me, do I bet on things over time becoming less proprietary and more open, I would probably say yes, even though right now there's a lot of traction on these very prescriptive, very opinionated low-hanging fruit, because everyone's trying to get their feet wet and experiment and sometimes something that's more proprietary may be the fastest way to get there. You mentioned low-hanging fruits. I know you're an investor and advise the startups and friend to startups. What's your advice to people out there working because everyone's like saying things when Open AI had their dev day, oh my, they've killed five startups. There's always going to be some carnage when you have these white spaces that aren't legit. What's your advice to startups? There's a lot of young founders out there now super excited about AI. They see the wave, they want to ride this wave. What's your advice to people who are building? Yeah, I think, you know, I don't know, this advice is much from an investor standpoint as it is a builder standpoint is like any big transition that you're alluding to, there's a ton of hype and there's going to be a lot of companies that fail and you know, a lot of experiments but then there's going to be real sustainable businesses that emerge. I think the biggest thing I would spend time as a founder thinking about is what is really your defensibility in your sustainable mode? Because I'm seeing a lot of technologies right now that are just lightweight rappers where it's a simple user experience that, you know, you create an experience that's amazing that could really disrupt an incumbent but then when you look at it, it's three developers in a garage and it took them a week which means how defensible is that for the next startup or an incumbent to replicate what you're doing? So really, I think without trying to be superscripted on a particular area, thinking deeply about what's going to be defensible long term, what is your unique IP that won't just be easily replicated by an incumbent or the next startup that just moves a little bit faster can build in two weeks, things are moving so fast and I would say just chasing these novel kind of use cases, we're seeing a lot of startups spike and then flatten really fast. Yeah, and crash. And crash, and that's because there's not a lot of defensible IP in a lot of these. We'd love to talk more with you. Great success at Mongo, congratulations. Final question to end the segment. What's next for you? You have the product roadmap, we get the keys to the kingdom at Mongo. What's on your mind, what's next? I know this is probably a bit of a boring answer, but it's keep our heads down and work with our customers and make sure they're delivering value and with this AI wave, stay close to the ecosystem. I mean, this is one of the most fun times I've had in my career. Reminds me of when AWS and cloud was the big platform shift 15 years ago getting started. We're in sort of a V2 of that to an next level of scale and so we just want to be part of it and you can see the buzz here and hopefully a lot of white space for partners. Exactly. Open mine in. Absolutely. So here, thank you so much for coming on theCUBE. We really appreciate it. It's great to see you both as always. Thank you for joining us here. Yeah, thanks for having us. We're here in the Mongo Emerald Club Lounge. Lounge are calling it great venue. Their top customers are here. theCUBE is here and we want to appreciate thank you for you guys and go back to the studio. We'll be back with more on location coverage after this short break.


But I can't help to mention one particular point. Had this organization or international community at large paid enough attention and took all necessary steps with regard to occupation of territories of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Moldova, the war against Ukraine probably wouldn't have happened. The international community paved the way for Russian aggression by being not attentive enough to previous facts of occupation of member states of this great organization. This report is excellent. We discussed it at length in our committee. By saying at length, I do not mean to imply that there were some disputes or arguments or disagreements. No, because it was a legal report, it requires precision, congratulations, vitalizations, so that is why we had to be careful when we were choosing terms. This report focus mainly on the establishment of an ad hoc tribunal to investigate crime of aggression, which nowadays is impossible to do in the ICC because Russia is not a member of ICC and the Security Council of United Nations cannot refer this crime to the ICC because we all know that Russia is going to veto it. Again, without taking much of your time and as you recommended to save time for other speakers, I've finished my words by fully supporting this report and I'm sure that this report will also be unanimously adopted. Slavo Krain.


This is Witchspace news for Friday the 14th of February 2020 I'm CMDR Buur In this weeks news In game Galnet news now has nothing on it Operation Ida repairs its 100th station and an elite dangerous commander lands using only his voice If you enjoy this video consider subscribing and also click the little bell icon to make sure you don't miss any of our future videos Today the 14th of February 2020 marks the one month anniversary of the last item of news posted on the elite dangerous in game news feed known as Galnet news The news on Galnet expires after a month and therefore as a result the in game news feed is now completely empty In August last year Frontier announced that the nature of the Galnet news feed content would be changing with what they referred to at the time as off-camera stories disappearing The term off-camera was used to describe stories that essentially added colour to the elite dangerous universe but had no actual quantifiable or importantly viewable effect on the game world In the August announcement Frontier said that the number of Galnet news articles would be reduced overall but the stories that were on the news feed would reflect something actually happening in the game such as interstellar initiatives, community goals, the release of new ships or modules or significant changes to the narrative At the start of January this year Frontier announced that all their development efforts would be going into bug fixes, beaters and fleet carriers and as a result the cycle of interstellar initiatives and community goals would be put on hold This chain of events has led us to the point we find ourselves at today where the official news feed in the game is now empty and devoid of any news What started as a revamp of the in-game news system has, through circumstance, turned that revamp into a famine Coupled with no concrete news on when interstellar initiatives or CG's will return this unfortunate chain of events lends fire to the voices in the community arguing that the game is devoid of content Whilst the fair argument can definitely be made for there being no new developer supported content in the game right now it isn't true that there is nothing happening in the galaxy at all it's been our experience that there is almost always something happening in the galaxy albeit player driven But it is quantifiable and it is most definitely not off camera and it seems a shame to us that Galnet news continues to refuse to mark these events and shine its not insignificant light on them As an example we'd argue at the very least that the next article we've chosen to feature on this week's witch space news is A. In universe and B. Newsworthy An argument could be made for the third article as well There are always community events in the elite universe from organisations like the AXI, the Buckyball Racing Club, the Hutton Orbital Truckers and Operation Ida to name but a few and it seems like a huge missed opportunity to not feature those events in the game as a way of supporting both the events themselves and the health of the game and its player base These events and the community around them are part and parcel of the weekly lifeblood of Elite Dangerous but it seems at the moment it's in spite of frontier developments and not because of them Is this an oversight at fdev? Is this due simply to staffing numbers? Is this part of some greater plan that sadly isn't shared with the community at large? Here at the burpit we think there's a plethora of news that could be filtered and then updated on the newsfeed and to ignore it seems like a huge wasted opportunity But what do you guys think? Let us know in the comments below Through the many cycles of the ongoing Thargoid conflict numerous human settlements in the Elite Dangerous Galaxy have been attacked and taken offline From the point where the Oracle, the first station in the Pleiades region to be attacked was set ablaze one player driven organization has risen to the top and dedicated itself absolutely to sourcing and delivering the necessary freight to the damaged stations now dotted throughout the expanding conflict zone Operation Ida is that organization and they have recently conducted their 100th station repair Many of the stations have had to be repaired twice or more due to repeat attacks and a great number of the goods transported have had to travel huge distances to reach their more distant destinations and yet Ida doggedly continues to coordinate commanders and resources time and again to get the affected stations back online regardless of the difficulty involved There is a debt of gratitude owed by the entire galactic community to the commanders of Operation Ida whose tireless efforts over the last three years have ensured that whilst the Thargoids might be able to take ground from us they never keep it for long If you want to get involved with Operation Ida then head over to their website or discord both of which are linked below Commander Exegius shared an incredible in-game video this week that was part of a greater livestream featured on his YouTube channel In the video Jerry Farris who suffers from the debilitating condition muscular atrophy is shown landing his aspect explorer using nothing but his voice The commander uses the software package called voice attack that is popular with a large number of elite commanders who use it to interact with various aspects of the game but his unique requirements mean that he has taken that usage to a whole new level using his own bespoke voice attack profile The video is nothing short of astounding and watching Jerry's mastery of such a challenging game using nothing but his voice is something that has to be seen to be believed The video is linked below along with an archive of the entire livestream featuring Jerry Do give it a look For more details on anything we've talked about in the show this week then check out the video description below and if you've enjoyed this video consider subscribing to the channel and be sure to click the little bell icon to make sure you don't miss any of our future videos and if you want to help support the work of this channel you'll also find links below to Patreon That's it for now thanks very much for watching we'll be back later this week with more videos until then 07 commanders follow the greens on the way out and do keep clear of the toast rack We very much look forward to seeing you next time


Hey guys, welcome to SSUnitech Susundi side and this is continuation of Power BI tutorial. We have made a great progress where we have learned about the query editor. It is time to start with the data modeling. What is the data modeling we will see in this video and what are the difference between query editor and data model. Basically, what is the data model? So in the data modeling, we will create the relationship between the tables as we are having multiple tables. So we will create the relationship between those tables. Next we will create the calculated columns over here. So let's assume we have two columns. First is quantity and second is the unit price. If we want to calculate the value then we need to multiply the quantity and unit price. So we will multiply and create the new calculated column. After that we will also create the measures inside the data modeling. So these are the main features in the data model and we will see one by one in the upcoming videos. So next is what is the difference between data model and query editor. So I want to explain in query editor we are connecting with the source files after that we are cleaning the data then shaping that data in a useful format. So here basically the structure of the data and prepare the data. In the data model we will create the relationship, we will create the calculated column and we will add the measures for analyzing the data. So in the query editor we will create the structure and prepare the data and inside the data model we will analyze the data. So this is the data model and the query editor. So these two are not equal. So in the next videos we will start with the relationships. So thank you so much for watching this video. If you like this video please subscribe our channel to get many more videos. Don't forget to press the bell icon to get the notification of our newly uploaded videos. Thank you so much.


that you are here today to learn more about how hypothesis works in Blackboard. Here's our agenda for the day. We're going to kind of discuss the why behind social annotation along with, you know, what hypothesis is all about. And then I'm going to do a demonstration of how to enable a piece of text in Blackboard. And we'll round out the session today, hopefully feeling most of your questions in the chat. Please feel free to ask those questions as we go. That's why my colleagues are here to help out. But again, we're a pretty small group. So I have a feeling we won't have a very busy discussion thread in the chat. So introductions. Karleen and Rigoberto, I think. If you would like to, if you could please in the chat function, if you can drop down to everyone and sort of share a little bit about yourself. I obviously know your names, but maybe attach it with a school, your department or discipline and then what your experience level is with hypothesis. All right. So, Chrissy, you tell me, I mean, I'm going to let you talk as much as possible in this session because I want you to get to know our folks here today. But you let me know at any moment if you would like to pivot and share a little bit. Okay, perfect. Of course. Let's talk a little bit about the why and a little bit about the how. What does it look like to annotate with hypothesis? Well, Rigoberto is gone. Okay. Well, first off, let's set some set some purpose here. Hypothesis is what it does is it makes reading active, visible and social. I love these quotes. The first one sort of getting students to engage at a deeper level, critically think through pieces of text in your course. Seeing the pleasures and profits, which I love about that quote of careful reading and social annotation and then of course, taking a process that unfortunately is mostly invisible. I used to always say, as a teacher, it was hard to know what was going on in my students minds. When they were reading in my class, I didn't sometimes wouldn't want to, but no, it was in their minds, but I did want insight into thoughts I wanted a window to their in understandings and misunderstandings so so I could intervene. And then finally, it obviously makes reading much more social, especially when you're dealing with an alternate format and face to face, if it's a hybrid high flex situation, or, you know, really empowering students that may be a little more shy to engage verbally or in a in a face to face format, it brings community, it builds connections. So, for sure, hypothesis accomplishes a lot when it comes to your courses. Now, I'm going to pivot for a second because I'm going to kind of show you what hypothesis looks like in a setting. So I'm going to open up an article here and actually show you what this is looks like. Let's take a second to open up, but this is the sidebar that opens on the side of any reading that's enabled with hypothesis. We'll get into more details later about the grading panel and some other things and then of course I am going to show you how to enable a hypothesis reading but I want to show you what it looks like first. The idea is I've already actually anchored some annotations on the side. I used a few different formats multimedia to sort of liven up the margin. And I definitely encourage you to try the same with your students.  In this case, I used to teach high school. I know that's a very deep thought but it shows you the functionality pretty well. Once I've shared my annotation on the side, I want to make sure that I click this to post it to hypothesis and then I am done. The good news is that I can always go back and I can edit my annotations. I can delete my annotation. If I don't know don't think it really promotes discourse, or anybody in the course can actually reply to me with this little bent arrow on the side. And so that's where the social annotation aspect comes to be. I can add images, any publicly available images and even video into my annotations, along with if you notice step here I can also use emojis. Another thing that I always point out is that you can tag your thoughts in your annotations so you can share and sort of classify what type of annotation it might be. If it's a question you might be asking if it's an image you might be sharing you could tag it as an image but it just makes it a little easier to maybe do live searching for keywords and things of that sort so we do have a tagging function in there as well. As far as some other aspects that are cool to look at and understand, we have the ability to eliminate highlights if that is sometimes too distracting, both for your students and for you. You can always turn them on or off but the annotation is always anchored. We have this thing called page notes which is an interesting function allows you the only difference between a page note and an annotation is that the page note is not tethered to a piece of text. So it's great for if you want students to look at a piece in its entirety and really share like a summary, an opinion, anything like that so another great thing that you can use hypothesis for is to engage them in some, you know some higher levels of thinking. Up here at the top we've got, as I already showed you before, the magnifying finds a way to search tags and search names and things of that sort. We do have a question mark if you ever need to navigate to our knowledge base to find answers, or you know we hope you won't have to but if you need to create a support ticket because you're having a technical issue, but that is found there under the question mark. And then here we have something where you this thing called the notebook, which if I open here allows me to see annotations across assignments and not necessarily connected with the with the reading on the left side. This is great for grading purposes. I like to promote that. Not to mention for students to come back and see all of their learning throughout the entirety of a course. So with that said, I think I've kind of shown you most of the navigation of course here is the grading toolbar that allows you to kind of navigate to each individual students and what it will do is it'll pull up just their annotations. When you are doing those grades and set fairly self explanatory so with that said, kind of shown you what it looks like. So here are some active links and I know one of my colleagues has posted the slide deck here so I would definitely help tell you to navigate back to slide seven. If you're interested in any of these resources. I particularly like the ones here at the bottom that that show you use cases across different disciplines that might be helpful. Okay. So in blackboard. One of the things I do like to point out here is that students do not need to make an account on hypothesis in order to engage with hypothesis reading so you know if you're if you're if you're curious about what one of the main perks of hypothesis and blackboard is this is definitely one of them. And then I already kind of showed you what that annotation. Blackboard grading bar at the top looks like but this this slide will kind of show you what that that's all about. And we also integrate with blackboard group sets for small group work and I won't be enabling small groups in our session today when I when I do my demo, but I will be actually showing you where you can select to create a group assignment but this is great for if you've got particularly big courses. And you're looking to kind of minimize the risk for students to feel more free about sharing their thoughts and ideas in the margins. You know, not to mention, if you kind of want to focus the thinking or the tasks based on the different groups that's another great use case to. As far as what we support, we obviously support adding URLs web pages that's what you saw in my last in my last viewer demonstration, but we also support publicly available PDFs from like one drive or Google Drive, or perhaps your blackboard files if that is integrated at your location. And then we also support we are, as well as we're also piloting with J store and vital source so I don't know if we're all still I think we've got at least one more person that joins that joined us Matthew I believe I actually work with you but you are fine. I am your customer success manager but Carlene and Roberto are going to obviously want to tag Christie. If they have some questions around those two integrations as well. What can you put in there I kind of showed you live what that looks like, but I do want to point out that we also have an equation builder. If you are a STEM course instructor you can add equations in the margin. We talked about those tags, but lots of great options like I said to kind of make the margin come alive. Important to know that PDFs have to be OCR and accessible in order to enable them on hypothesis and what that basically means is text has to be selectable. So if you're like I don't know if this old scanned image I have that's a PDF I don't know if that's going to work. I would say open it up, see if you can select text if you can't. The cool news is that we have a free OCR and tool here connected on this slide 17 so this will give you a great pathway to take some of those old scanned PDFs and make sure that they are OCR and have that selectable text. Excuse me. This, this slide just kind of really goes through our resources it's even got a tutorial about what I'm going to show you in a few seconds, taking you through the pathway of enabling a blackboard hypothesis enabled reading. But there's also some knowledge based articles that you can refer back to if you forget any of our steps. And moving on. So, with that said, I think I'm going to take a moment and actually show you what it looks like to enable a text in blackboard using hypothesis. So, if you'll notice I'm back here at my original screen. And what I want to do is I want to click content. This is our course here that I'm going to demonstrate. So if I click content. Now I get this option to build said content. All right, so I want to click this drop down. And in your blackboard instance, you should see the option here of adding hypothesis. Okay. So I think I'm going to just try this one here. And there we go. All right, and so now I get a screen where I can pull in a title of an article I've actually already pulled one up here on the side so I'm going to drop that in real quick. The name of said article. And grab that super quick. And put it in here. And I've also, as you can imagine, enable a lot of hypothesis articles so I've got a few sets of directions that I keep open on a note on my desktop so I'm going to grab one of those copy and put that here in my description. Oops, sorry. That is not the way it's supposed to work. There we go. So now I've got that in there. Pretty simple instructions. We'll talk later about how you can mix up those instructions a little bit to promote different types of engagement but this is very basic directions that I've enabled here. Obviously I want to enable evaluation that's really important if I want to see that grading toolbar at the top of my hypothesis reading so I want to make sure I click that. And this is important to know you can create it for as many points as you would like and that's how it will show up in the grade book, but in the toolbar at the top of the reading it will only go up to 10. And so that will whatever you input into the 10, zero out of 10 will translate if it's a higher amount of points so let's say you wanted to give a student an 80 out of 100 you would give them an eight in that top toolbar. So, and so on and so forth so hopefully all that makes sense for our purposes I'm going to keep it simple and make this a 10 point assignment, since I know that's the default in that top toolbar. I'm not going to worry about the due dates and things of that sort but once I'm done I'm going to click submit. Right. And so now it's showing here, but it hasn't been connected yet with hypothesis so I've got to click on that. And now is where the magic happens. And so obviously I've got lots of different pathways you might not have quite as many but I'm going to use this one here, which is to enter a URL. But you guys, primarily will probably have at least one drive and Google Drive as alternate options you might depending on your institution also have the integration with Blackboard files. So I'm going to click that. And now I've got this article so open now is when I grab that URL. I'm going to copy that paste it. And then hit submit. Now here is where I wanted to show you what I was talking about earlier. If I wanted to make this a small group assignment this would be where I would do that so I would click this option. If I've already got groups set up in my Blackboard instance, or in the course I can actually pick those and assign them as necessary but today I'm not doing that so I'm just going to click to continue. And now just like in that article I showed you before. So in this selection, I've actually already done a little bit of annotation in here, which is cool. But that is what it looks like and of course now I can drop down to whatever students are in the course and I can assign them their grade out of 10 up here using the toolbar. All right. Do we have any questions I know I've done a lot of talking at you for quite a bit here so I want to make sure I stop. And get an idea of questions that might be in the room. Good. All right, well now is where I kind of pivot to talking a little bit more about the pedagogy the instructional ways that you can use hypothesis. And obviously you can use hypothesis in your face to face classes using annotations as a springboard sort of to seed discussion. You know, I've had tons of instructors that like to open their face to face time with an annotation summary activity so they've done some pre reading outside of class coming to class prepared with those annotations and ready to use them and talk about them. Or they can be in those fully online courses hybrid or high flex where it would potentially replace your discussion board. Or, you know, I was that kind of a student in college myself especially undergrad, where you know I might have been reluctant to speak a lot. Both in an online and face to face situation I was just a shy student in general. And so annotation would have given me a voice and made me feel connected to the larger group which I think is super important. One of the things I wanted I told you before I was going to share some alternate ideas of instructions that you could include with your assignments. And I think this slide is a great one to come back to, because this is actually got a link to what we call annotation starter assignments and so if you're looking for a low risk low stakes way to sort of introduce hypothesis in your courses. And have copy and pasteable directions that are already provided then these are this these are great resource for you so I definitely encourage you to come back, you don't come back to anything else try these ones out. Because we've had a lot of great feedback on them in fact, we're honored to be in the presence of the person that created most of these and that's Christie. So for those of you who work with her. She knows more about these starter assignments than anyone. So you could definitely follow up with her about those if you'd like. But like, starting off of course with annotating your syllabus that's one of the assignments. You can also use stem texts, how to use group roles to really focus the thinking and the task so it's not just general annotations that sometimes don't get really in depth. And this just kind of highlights that you are one of many institutions across the world that are partnering with hypothesis. If you would like to make a meeting with your customer success manager who's most likely in this call even mere Christie. We have a way for you to make make a meeting. If you don't already have that link. But we do offer that pedagogical support. We have a link here to view our liquid margins. Call it is it a vodcast I think, but the good margins which has tons of episodes. Speaking with inner and interviewing instructors across the world about how they use hypothesis so you'll you could glean some great ideas there. We have this cool hypothesis educator forum that you can join and be a live participant to ask questions and get ideas from fellow educators. And then of course if you have any technical support issues, you can always reach out directly to our support team. We also have more partner workshops so you're obviously in the one today activating annotation in blackboard in your LMS.  And if you click this link in the slide 26 you can see what those are, get the direct link to register for them today. At least we thank you for attending and sincerely from our entire customer success team. This is contact so that if you don't know if by chance, who to reach out to after today or maybe just forget you can always reach out here too. And we will follow up, and we'll go to the right person. That said, do we have any other questions.


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Family Theater presents Stephen McNally and Joan Leslie. From Hollywood, the mutual network in cooperation with Family Theater presents Home for Thanksgiving, starring Joan Leslie. To introduce the drama, here is your host, Stephen McNally. Thank you, Tony Lafrono. Family Theater's only purpose is to bring to everyone's attention a practice that must become an important part of our lives if we are to win peace for ourselves, peace for our families, or peace for the world. Family Theater urges you to pray. Pray together as a family. And now to our drama, Home for Thanksgiving, starring Joan Leslie as Letty. Old-timers in New Plymouth remember that Letty Polk isn't a member of Clark Atwell's family. They recall the day Clark brought Letty to the farm from the orphanage downstate. She was to take care of his wife, Helen, who just had a fourth child. Letty was just 15 then, but old for her age. That was 20 years ago. The children Letty cared for are grown up and married now with children of their own. And the big farmhouse on the old Mill Road is usually quiet, except for occasions such as Christmas, 4th of July, or Thanksgiving. Today in the Atwell kitchen, Helen and Letty are preparing for the big day ahead. And this year we want to be sure there's plenty of dressing. You know how the men love it. Honestly, I believe they'd rather have the dressing than the turkey. I'll fix some separate for Tom. He just can't eat onions. Oh, that's right. I'd almost forgotten, Letty. Oh, it's been so long since Tom sat down to dinner with us, and the others used to tease him about not eating onions. He used to take it to be a weakness. I told him not to fret. We've all got our peculiarities. Oh, you were always partial to Tom. Well, he was the oldest. He used to help me with the others. Letty, dear, suppose he'll be much changed? Nope, not in any important way. But to be gone for 10, well, almost 11 years all over the world, wherever the army took a notion to send him. Boy, he didn't seem different when he came home on leaves. Well, anyone can pretend for a few days, but now he'll be home to stay. And aren't you glad? Heard Mr. Atwell sing in the other day. He hasn't done that since the children were little.  Tom's never seen Ella's baby, and he's only met Jerry at the wedding. Yes, he's got a lot of catching up to do. This family's bursting at the seams. Oh, well, Susan and Ken will drive. Ella and Jerry will have to fly in, and Reed will hitch a ride with some friends from state. And Tom will be in on the 5.30 train Wednesday evening. We must forget to have Clark bring the high chair down from the attic. Oh, I'll get it. Mr. Atwell's got enough to do between now and Thursday. I'd better air out some of those quilts we've had stored away. Oh, I know it's best not to cling to your children once they've grown up and gone, but it is nice to have them back with you at times like this. Sure, that's what families are for. Yes, Thanksgiving is a family time. Oh, it's been nice to have outsiders in these last years to make the table seem less empty, but it's not the same as being with your own. Of course, there's those who don't have families. Oh, Letty, don't pay any attention to me. I talk too much. The older I get, the more I talk. What you say usually makes good sense. Have you heard from your brother and his wife lately? Yes, I had a letter last week. Is he doing well? This has been a good year for them. They bought a new house. It'll give them a lot more room. Well, Middle Falls isn't far from here. A couple of hours on the train. You ought to pay them a visit, Letty. Maybe I will. Sometime when I can be spared here. Well, it's a shame when you've just the one close relative in the world not to keep in touch with him. Well, I left the orphanage so many years before brother did. We never really had a chance to be what you'd call close. Oh, you were so young when you came here, Letty. I remember looking at you and saying to Clark, she'll never do. She can't keep those wild youngsters in line. Why, Tom was almost as old as you. He was going on 14. I was 15. But you proved me wrong, though. You did a wonderful job. Well, they were good children. Oh, Reed will be 20 next spring. You've been here 20 years. That's right. It's hard to believe. Until you look at Susan's two children, see Ella's baby. Letty, have you ever thought of leaving? Well, I mean making another life for yourself. I've thought of it. My brother mentioned it in his letter. Clark and I are getting on, and if anything should happen, well, it isn't something we have to decide right this minute. We've got to finish this menu now. I think we have just about everything. Yeah, let's see. Cranberry sauce, turkey, sweet potatoes, dressing, peas. I thought I'd bake a chocolate pie for dessert. Chocolate? Oh, but Letty, we've got to have a pumpkin pie. I wouldn't be Thanksgiving without it. Oh, I'll bake pumpkin pies, too. The chocolate is for Tom. That's his favorite, remember? A horse for Tom. He'll appreciate it, Letty. Clark, are you going to work all night? Yeah, it looks like it. Honestly, Helen, I can remember a time when a man put farm who didn't know how to write his name. Now you spend more time filling out forms than you do in the fields. Maybe Tom can take over some of this paperwork. Oh, of course he will. Helen, you suppose he's really set to stay here? Well, that's what he said in his letters. 10 years in the army had given him all the roaming he wanted. Now he'd like to settle down.  Well, he's a hard worker, and he's as stubborn as they come. So all he needs for success is a wife who believes in him? You know, you'd have thought time would have met someone before now. He told me once he'd never marry so long as he was in the service. He'll find someone in good time. Sure he will. Clark, Letty and I were talking today about Thanksgiving, the family being home. She gets as excited about it as we do. Clark, I think you and I have been terribly selfish. Selfish? What way? We've just taken it for granted that Letty was happy here. Well, isn't she? Well, from some things she said today, I think she'd like to make a life of her own. What do you mean make a life of her own? Well, her brother's doing quite well in Middle Falls. He's invited Letty to come and visit him. She might even decide to make her home there. And besides, maybe in Middle Falls, there'd be someone who'd fall in love with her. Well, is that what she wants? Well, any woman wants to have her own home, her own family. Clark, I'm going to insist that Letty go to her brother's for Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving? But Helen, with all the children here, how will you manage without her? Oh, Susan, now I can help. It's not fair to keep Letty from being with her own people just because it'd be handier for us if she stayed here. Well, if you put it like that. It's the only way to put it. Yeah, you know best, my dear. It's the only fair thing to do, Clark. Tomorrow, I'm going to tell Letty that she's to go home for Thanksgiving. I really liked that sermon this morning, something we can all take to heart. Yes, Thanksgiving ought to mean more than just an annual chance for us to read. Yes, it was beautifully put. Whatever each of us has harvested in this year that has passed, we should give thanks. And I like the part about the harvest not being only in material things. Is that something we all overlook? You know, this is my favorite time of the year, bright and cool. Wouldn't surprise me if we had snow before Thanksgiving. And Susan's Billy ought to be old enough to make a snowman this year. Letty, Clark and I had long talk after you went to bed last night. Didn't we, dear? Yes, yes, yes, we did, long talk. We decided that Thanksgiving was certainly no time for selfishness. Letty, we were saying yesterday that Thanksgiving's a family time, a time for being at home.  Yes, I remember. Well, Clark and I want you to go home this Thanksgiving. Go home? Yes, to your brothers in Middle Falls. Helen said he'd invited you to come. Oh, yes, yes, he did. But why? Well, I couldn't go now at Thanksgiving. Why not? Well, Mrs. Adwell can't take care of all those people without me. There'll be so much baking to do and housework and looking after the babies. I weren't there, she'd have no chance to visit with the children. Now, Letty, we're not going to let you sacrifice again. This year, we're going to think of you and what you want. Oh, but I want to help. No, if she doesn't want to go, haven't I? She must go. It's right for her to be with her own family. If you and Mr. Adwell want me to go. We do. You can help me the first part of the week and then catch a Wednesday afternoon train to Middle Falls. How long did you expect me to stay? Well, just as long as you like, Letty. Take time to meet your brother's friends. Look around Middle Falls. All right. Whatever you say, Mrs. Adwell. Letty, what's for Sunday dinner? Mrs. Adwell said to keep it simple today. That sounds like we're going to go hungry. I suppose you two are saving the best for Thanksgiving, oh. That's right. Nothing but the best for Thanksgiving. Already, Mr. Adwell? Letty, how nice you look. That new hat's very becoming. Does nice things free your eyes, Letty. Thank you. We better get started. It's 25 before. Tell them, tell them all hello for me. I just hate not seeing them. You be sure little Billy keeps warm. He's had that cold, you know. We'll take good care of him. And Tom's chocolate pie is on the top shelf in the pantry. Don't let anyone else have it. It's just for him. Well, I remember. Goodbye, Letty. Have a nice Thanksgiving. I'm sure I will. Goodbye. Good to be home, mother. It's wonderful to see you, Susan. Shouldn't we put the baby down while she's still asleep? Oh, Ken can bring in the car bed as soon as he and Billy finish inspecting the horses and the cows. No need to bring in the car bed. We've got a baby bed all set up. Just bring her in here. Now who in the world remembered this bed was in the attic? Letty. She brought down the high chair for Billy too and the sterilizers set up in the kitchen. There. Oh, she'll net for another hour at least. Where is Letty? We shouldn't talk in here. Come out the living room. Where is she? When she didn't come to the car, I suppose she was working in the kitchen. Oh, sit down, dear. Get warm. That's a long, cold ride. Mother, for the last time, where is Letty? Well, I decided it was time the Adwell stopped being so selfish. I sent Letty home for Thanksgiving. Home? Well, I thought this was her home. Oh, she has a brother. He's doing quite well in Middle Falls now, and he wanted her to pay them a visit. Your dad took her to the train. Well, this is a surprise. I can't imagine Thanksgiving without Letty. You wrote that Billy had been sick. Oh, he had a cold. He's much better. Well, Letty fixed a special bed for him where she thought he'd be warmer, and she dug out that old tractor he likes so well. Oh, he's going to be upset when he finds out. Letty's not here. Well, I guess everyone's going to be upset. Well, I still say it's best for Letty. That's what matters. Letty, I couldn't believe it was really you. Oh, Letty, it's so good to see you. Oh, you look wonderful, Tom. Just wonderful. But you're early. Your dad's meeting the 5.30. Oh, I wanted a chance just to look around. I've got to get reacquainted with New Plymouth, the family, with you, Letty. I think it's fine you decided to come back. Your dad needs you, and your mother's missed you a lot. She gets awful lonely with all the children gone. And what about you, Letty?  Have you missed me? You know I have. Didn't I tell you in my letters? Oh, if you knew what those letters meant to me. I wrote them everywhere. North Africa, Italy, London, Japan, Korea. And even if I didn't have time to answer, I knew your letters wouldn't stop. I thought you'd like to know how things were. I looked forward to writing them. It was a little bit like talking to you. All aboard! Tom, I've got to go. My train's leaving. Oh, where are you going? You're not taking a trip the day before Thanksgiving. Yes.  I'm leaving now for Middle Falls. But you can't leave, Letty. Not on the day I come back. All aboard! Oh, I've got to, Tom.  You go home to your family, Tom. And I'll go home to my... Goodbye, Tom. Goodbye! What kept you so long? Where's Tom? Well, he must have missed a 5.30. Next train's at 11. I'll meet that day. Oh, well, that's it, of course. Tom was always having trouble with... Hey, the others here? No, Reed's upstairs changing his clothes. Susan and Ken, the children, have been here a couple of hours. How's my Billy boy? Oh, he's cried ever since they arrived. Tried? Why? What's the matter with him? Well, he misses Letty. He brought her a present and it broke his heart when she wasn't here to take it. Helen, I still wonder if we did the right thing there. Why? What do you mean? Did Letty say anything? Oh, no, no. No, she didn't say a word. But she looked like we were exiling her to Siberia. I've never seen anyone look as lonely as she did on that station platform. But, well, if she didn't want to go, she could have said so. It occurred to me, Helen, that maybe she went because she thought we didn't want to hear it. Oh, Clark, no. Well, there was all this talk about Thanksgiving being a time for families to be together. And maybe Letty got to thinking that we considered hers an outsider. But she knows that's not true. But Clark, I only wanted her to be happy. Well, it's too late to do anything now. She's in Middle Falls. I thought I heard Dad's voice. Sue! You're about to be kissed by your eldest daughter. Well, wonderful. Oh, you look fine, Sue. Well, we don't need to stand around the kitchen. Come on in and see Ken and Billy. Well, Ken's putting Billy to bed. You can see him in the morning. Well, isn't this pretty early to put Billy in bed? Well, he's literally cried himself to sleep and he won't let go of that package he brought for Letty. Oh, it's a shame Letty's not here. Must we keep talking about Letty? Helen?  I was only trying to do what I thought was best for her. And it looks as if I've spoiled Thanksgiving for everyone. I'm sorry. Believe me, I'm sorry. Well, I guess I'd better get started. Susan and Ken going with me? I think they're pretty tired, dear.  All right.  I couldn't sleep. If Tom isn't on this train. He will be. He was where? What, Clark? Someone's coming up on the porch. Maybe it's Ella and Jerry. Hi, Mom. Where, Dad? Tom. Oh, Tom. We were so worried. How are you, son? Gee, it's good to see you. To be home. I was just about to drive in to meet the 11 o'clock train. I got in on the 4 o'clock. 4 o'clock? But it's 10 30, Tom. Where have you been? Well, Mom, as I got off the 4 o'clock, I met Letty getting on. You saw Letty? I saw Letty. And I persuaded her not to take that train. I don't understand. Neither do I, Mrs. Hatwell. Letty! But we thought that you were. Letty didn't want to go to Middle Falls, Mom. She wanted to have Thanksgiving here with us, just as she has for the last 20 years. Oh, Letty, why didn't you tell me? Well, I thought you wanted me to go. I thought you wanted just the family here. Oh, no, Letty. No. Oh, what a mess I made of things. It's all right now, Mom, just a misunderstanding. She knows now how we all feel. She's one of the family, our family. Oh, Billy cried himself to sleep tonight because you weren't here, Letty. Hell, you'll be all right in the morning when he finds out that you've come back, though. And she's back to stay. The reason we're so late, I took Letty to dinner and I asked her a question that's been in my mind for a long, long time. And she said yes. A question? Tom, you mean that you and Letty? I asked her to marry me, Mom. Oh, but I had no idea. Neither did I, till I went away. And then Letty wrote me, or not love letters, not in the ordinary sense, but letters about the farm, about the family. And I fell in love with a woman who wrote those letters. And I've been in love with Tom since the day Mr. Atwell brought me here. Tom, Letty, well, I've never been happier to have both of you here from now on. Congratulations, son. Clark, you said a farmer needed to work hard, have a stubborn streak, and know his wife believes in him. That's right. And now Tom has all the qualifications. Oh, gracious, it's getting late.  We'd all better get some sleep. All right. Uh-oh, just one thing. I didn't have any dessert tonight. And Letty said she baked a chocolate pie. It's on the top shelf in the pantry. I'll get it for you, Tom. Oh, it's going to be a wonderful thanksgiving after all, dear. The best, Helen. The best ever. This is Stephen McNally again. Once a year in Southern California, all the people who moved here from Iowa have a picnic. It's usually quite an occasion with a picnic table nearly a mile long, every conceivable kind of picnic dish, and thousands of nice people renewing acquaintance with thousands of other nice people. Yes, it's quite an event, the Iowa picnic. But it's nothing new. Centuries ago, our ancestors were holding similar get-togethers. But those were strictly family affairs, clan gatherings. At certain times each year, all the sons and daughters, uncles, aunts, cousins, brothers, and sisters would bundle up all the children. And off they'd go to spend a couple of days with the patriarch, the head of the family. Of course, there'd be athletic events, feasting, dancing, singing, and the general renewal of family ties. But these things were extra. They were not the purpose of the gathering. The purpose was family prayer. That's right, family prayer. They would gather as a family to pray as a family, to acknowledge the fatherhood of God and their complete dependence upon Him in everything, to pray for the things they needed, and to thank Him for past favors. So you see, your forefathers placed a great value on family prayer and rightfully so. For they could have given you living proof of what we say each week here on Family Theater, the family that prays together stays together.  From Hollywood, Family Theater has brought you home for Thanksgiving, starring Joan Leslie. Stephen McNally was your host. Others in our cast were Irene Tedrow, Alice Backes, John Stevenson, and Pat McGeehan. The script was written by John McGreevy with music composed and conducted by Harry Zimmerman and was directed for Family Theater by Joseph F. Mansfield. This series of Family Theater broadcasts is made possible by the thousands of you who feel the need for this type of program, by the Mutual Network, which has responded to this need, and by the hundreds of stars of stage screen and radio who give so unselfishly of their time and talent to appear on our Family Theater stage.  This is Tony Lofrano expressing the wish of Family Theater that the blessing of God may be upon you and your home and inviting you to be with us next week when Family Theater will present The Indispensable Man, starring Robert Stack, Debra Padgett, and Leslie Gay. Join us, won't you? This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.


I'm Jackie Dawson, I work at the University of Ottawa in Canada and I work on the human and social and political dimensions of climate change, mostly in the Canadian Arctic. So I focus on the human and policy dimensions of climate change in the Arctic. So right now we're doing a lot of work on Arctic shipping and so what's going on with climate change, it's changing sea ice conditions which is opening up the Arctic for shipping and tourism. So we do a lot of work on the fact that there's a 400% increase in pleasure craft in the Canadian Arctic between 2005 and now, so there's a lot to be done in terms of regulation, policy, how do we deal with this situation, what are the impacts on local people, good and bad. So we're looking at opportunities and risks associated with climate change in the Canadian Arctic. Climate change isn't always such a bad thing but then you have to think about what are the secondary impacts. So it is good, there's economic development potential for sure. There's more resource development, there's access to resources that weren't there before, we can, well there's new shipping routes but then are our local communities really ready for a lot more tourism. We're talking about small, small hamlets of 250 to 1200 people. We don't have the infrastructure necessarily to support this so there are a lot of opportunities but there are a lot of risks that we need to mitigate to make sure that those opportunities are opportunities still. I would imagine there would be a great desire among people to see the Arctic given that sense that it's not going to be around forever. Yeah, so there's this phenomenon right now called Last Chance Tourism which is where people are going to places that they think they're not going to be able to see in the future so the Arctic is a huge draw for that. So people think there's going to be no more glaciers or polar bears are dwindling, they're drowning and all these sort of perceptions that may or may not be true are drawing people to the north, to experience the north before it is gone which may or may not be accurate but it is influencing an increase in demand in tourism in polar regions.  People want to go and see the reef before the coral is bleached beyond what is authentic, the idea of authentic. Most of the work we're doing right now is in the Arctic but we are doing some work in the Caribbean and so we recently looked at a case study where we're trying to determine what are the factors that a community needs to enhance their adaptive capacity to climate change. So one way you can do this is you can look at communities that have successfully implemented some sort of adaptation strategy. So in Padgett Farm in the Grenadines and the Caribbean region they've through funds from Climate Change Adaptation Funds through Jeff and et cetera, they've implemented a desalinization plant there. So what we did is we went there and we looked at that plant and we tried to figure out okay well this is an example of a community that was successful. They now have fresh water where they didn't before and they're expected to have less fresh water in the future so we worked with that community and tried to determine okay what are the factors that made this community successful compared to this community which has not successfully been able to deal with or to adapt to some fairly significant impacts of climate change. And were there success traits with a sky level or applicable to different? Yeah I mean you always have to be a bit cautious but I think we can look at certain determinants of adaptive capacity. Some of them are fairly obvious like access to financial capital, human capacity, but some of the more maybe less obvious ones are having single champions that have the ability to link to all the different scales of policy so you need somebody who's well connected within international political circles, national circles, regional circles and local circles and not every region has that and we found that having that one person who can speak the language of all of those different sort of scales was really important to the success of this community. This person was very charismatic, a real leader that had buy-in from the community and buy-in from the international funding agency so that seemed to be an important piece and then cross-scale communication between all those different levels and throughout the duration of the project. There's so much science going on that's useful and important but if you aren't able to translate that into action or if you aren't able to explain that to local people or decision makers then it's kind of useless. You know I hate to see really amazing research get put into journal articles and then just circulated among all of us academics where we're just reading each other's work and then we wonder why it's not having any impact. It's because there's actually a really important piece in between where you have to work with communities to make things happen so the way we do our research is I never just think to myself oh this would be a great project. Our approach to research involves going to communities, local communities across the Arctic or the Caribbean or wherever or going to government agencies or going to industry partners and saying what are your major issues right now, what are the impacts that you're experiencing from climate change and what should we be studying, what are the questions that we need to answer and what do you need, what would help you to solve the issues that you're dealing with. We're just working with issues, what are the risks, what are the opportunities and what are the solutions and they're not coming from me, they're always coming from stakeholders. What have you found that are some of the ways that local Arctic communities are being impacted? Well there's direct impacts of climate change on local communities so things like changing distribution of wildlife which is really important culturally, there's still subsistence of culture in the Canadian Arctic, well in the Arctic proper and so that changing wildlife patterns is really, really impacting their cultural traditions, their ability to transmit knowledge between generations, their ability to read the land and read the ice so we're seeing increased accidents, increased rates of drownings and things because traditional knowledge is changing so because the ice is changing so you can't read it as well as you could in the past so there's those direct impacts but then there's the indirect impacts so the social and economic sort of manifestations of what's happening in the biophysical environment so climate change is changing the natural environment which is increasing economic development opportunities so there's impacts like there's increased resource development that's directly related to climate change so now you've got these secondary impacts and even though there might be job opportunities they're not necessarily going to local people so there's primary impacts and there's secondary impacts but essentially I can't help them adapt, they have to tell, they have to decide what's best for them but what I do is I try to gather as much information as I possibly can and give them a suite of potential options that for them to decide and implement based on what's going to work best for them. The thing that I think that we do best is we link natural scientists with social scientists and we come together and then we take all this information we put it into a sort of policy realm so we try to translate it into real world possibilities so one of the things I'll just give you an example of one of the things that we did a couple of years ago, the communities in the Canadian Arctic right now are quite concerned about the number of cruise ships that are coming through the Northwest Passage so and one of the concerns among many was that people coming off those cruise ships didn't necessarily understand how to act in the communities, what's culturally appropriate, what's not so what we did with the one particular community, Pond Inlet in the northern tip of Baffin Island was we worked with the community and we created a code of conduct for visitors coming to the community so when they come off, so when they get on the cruise ship they get a brochure that sort of has a list of things that you might want to know and something that was really important to the local community was to that we would write these kind of rules of conduct in a very welcoming way so it's not your typical do not step on the flowers or leave only footprints take only pictures or things like that, it's we welcome you to our community and while you're here we ask that you ask the parents of our children if you want to take photos of them or I think so it's very welcoming and they wanted that tone set so we helped write and produce that and now that's distributed on cruise ships all cruise ships that are coming through the Canadian Arctic and there's a nook-to-tock you can learn a nook-to-tock phrases which is the local dialect. We find we're often writing multiple reports of the same the same material because yet we're writing policy briefs to government with the same outcomes and material we're writing community reports to communities and then we're writing academic journal articles so you do you have to change the way that you pitch your ideas and the code of conduct for the tourists as an example of that very simple language very inviting language because they want the local culture is very sharing oriented it's very inviting so they want that tone set and then when you write something a policy brief to try to influence government to change a certain regulation or policy or make a suggestion the language you need to use is succinct it needs to succinct and clear and punchy and you need to get to the point in the first two sentences the first sentence so yeah there is a there's a there's a big difference and you have you do have to I find the best way to do this is to work as a team I think that's the only way to do it we have to work together with glaciologists with with permafrost experts with climatologists and paleoclimatologists and communication experts and social scientists and all of these different peoples and on top of that we need to be working with government with communities with industry there's no other way to solve a problem that is as big as as climate change early early on when we started doing some research on the impact of cruise ships the increasing number of cruise ships in the Canadian Arctic we organized a workshop and we brought together all the stakeholders that we could bring together and we went in and unconsciously went in to this workshop not really realizing that how much knowledge was already in the room and not really realizing where they were in there dealing with the issue of climate change and tourism and and so the the workshop did not go well and there was a lot of conflict and irritation and something a simple comment was was regularly miss miss communicated misunderstood because there was a tension there because we we didn't take enough time we didn't take the time we needed to understand who was in the room and you have to do that and we learned from that and we never I mean this was over a decade ago we learned from that and now we work regularly with these people and they're an invaluable resource so you have to you have to know you you have to understand the amount of knowledge that that already exists even though we didn't go in thinking that we knew more but we did go in not understanding who we had invited to the table we also didn't understand that there was already conflict between different groups that we had brought to the table so for years afterwards we had in meetings individually with those groups but I can say ten years later we we're now able to work all of us together and and and we've actually written papers together we've contributed to to two policies that have gone through the the territorial legislative legislature so you do you learn from these mistakes but you got to be resilient you just you have to you have to learn and keep going two groups that I guess kind of have cultural differences would be physical scientists and social yes what are the challenges of getting these two groups there are yeah there are child there are often challenges working social science with social scientists and natural scientists together and we're we're we are working out those bugs and we're getting much better at it than we were in the past so the our our languages are different our culture our own culture of research is different and I think one of the first things that that is happening now is is a culture of respect needs to be created and the only way to to create that is to increase understanding of everybody's research and you know and instead of a social scientist saying oh well they're too those natural scientists they're so linear in their thinking they are ignoring all the big pictures it's not realistic and then the the natural scientists saying oh those social scientists is airy-fairy you know not important but the only way the only way forward is for us to work together so we we need to respect what we what we do understand that we can do something better together and I think we're doing that I mean we I work regularly with glaciologists CI scientists and we take their outputs and we translate it and we and then we work with communities to create policy to create you know and you have to you have to to do that but then when you go to write your journal articles you have to figure that out too that's a challenge because even the way you the way you create your dialogue is totally different between natural science and social science in in natural science you're really reporting on a finding in social science you're creating a storyline around your findings how did you come to be working in this area my path was I'm a natural scientist well sort of I I'm not I did I did a natural science undergrad so I have a bachelor's of natural science so I was going down that path and but what I found what really what I was really passionate about was the applications of natural science so then in grad school I did a masters in a business department that was focused more on tourism so I went to social sciences and then for my PhD I did I did my PhD in climate change and did some climate change modeling but then took those those model outputs and applied it in a social context so I've always been really interested at being at that intersection being that person who translates you know the natural science to the social science so that was my my path and and and in terms of why I do research in Arctic shipping well I do research in the Arctic because I love the Arctic and I love it I love the landscape I love the people I love everything about it I've always been drawn to the Arctic but why do I do shipping or tourism research because the community the people the residents in the community told me that's what's important right now it is the impact of shipping climate change is causing this this increase in shipping we need to deal with this well we're causing it so we better deal with it yeah I mean if you want it succinct we we have an obligation and and we need to we need to live up to that there's no there's no other path there's no other answer because I did all this climate modeling and you just like honestly just I was like okay I manipulate the model change the inputs run you know it's like and now you're working now I'm working with government I'm trying to influence policy and I'm trying to make sure that local people's voices are heard in in the policies that we create or that not that I create but the government creates it's way more complex