My question is, you had mentioned about the kingdom of God, being reintroduced by John the Baptist. And obviously there was quite a big gap between when God actually introduced it and then it got reintroduced. But in the meantime there were a lot of great prophets and men of God, Isaiah, Moses, Joshua, so many others. So they did not have the kingdom of God. So what did they actually have? What did God actually give them to be able to be such great men of God? That is my question. That is a question because only after the Lord Jesus came and salvation was bought for us on the cross, we receive it and we are saved, we are born again. But experiencing the kingdom of God before that, that we could say was happening. The only thing is, John the Baptist and the Lord Jesus, they began preaching about it and in its fullness the kingdom came through the redemptive work of the Lord Jesus. Now what happened before that? How did people experience the kingdom? In the book of Hebrews we see the shadows of worship given through the tabernacle worship and the temple worship. So there were quite a few practices where the people had to go and seek God for forgiveness and make a torment. So when the people engaged in aspects of worship in this manner, they were continuing to experience the kingdom. They were continuing to experience the work of God in their lives and that is how God was working. That is how the kingdom was being demonstrated in the Old Testament and up till the cross. So in that manner, people were still experiencing the work of God and you see the demonstration of the power of God and various prophets like Elijah and all. What power is that? It is the power of the kingdom. It is the power of heaven that they were releasing as well. So that's how it was. Any other questions before we move further? First I have a question. Yes, yes, what? I heard somebody preaching about the kingdom of God but he was preaching about the kingdom-minded leaders. He said that we as the saviours of God, our minds must be the kingdom of God and he said that maybe we as a local church, maybe there is a ministry. So that local church must support a ministry without expecting anything from it. Something which is very difficult to support some ministry which you don't know and say by doing so, you are acting as a kingdom-minded leader. So because we are studying today about the kingdom of God and I think that this question might help me to understand. So I cannot get something which is heiress and it is that in our local church. Yes, that is the correct way of thinking because when we all realize that we are part of this kingdom of God, now that we are born again, we will not be limited in our understanding. We will not think of just my church, my fellowship, my cell group and that's about it and I shouldn't be extending support to others. But when you have this perspective that we all belong to the kingdom because we are born again, despite the fact that people may be from different churches that brings in that kingdom mentality and what the preacher that you have said, it's the right thing. It's the right thing. You can't support others, other ministries and together we are all building the kingdom of God at the end of the day. So it's a good thing but one point I'll add to that is don't do anything by force or by compulsion. Okay, so just because somebody is saying you have to support that ministry or ministry, you go ahead and support it. That is not the way that it should be done. However, the thought of extending support to other ministers of God, other ministries, people of God in general, we are encouraged to do that in scripture and that's a very, very good thing. Okay pastor, thank you but you talked about John the Baptist and really this question to me is very important because he is the one who made a way for Jesus to come and preach day and the Baptist people. But did he, you say that about born again and really this question, it is very technical and if you find somebody who has a tendency of reading scriptures and he or she is not born again and he asks you, you tell me that John writing that in the beginning there was a word but who is John? Did he been born again? What will I answer him or her? So when you give us more clarity about John the Baptist because he was not born again because we say who believes in Jesus, who confesses and he was there before Jesus. How can we explain it that there are people to understand us? So I see hope, the defining moment in history where God's redemption was completed was the sacrifice of our Lord Jesus on the cross of Calvary. So everyone who could receive that after what Jesus did, we use the term born again because we have Jesus died and he paid for our sins. Are we in a position to receive that work of salvation and so the term born again comes into the picture. But before that, I already told you there are many things established in the practice of worship under the old covenant where God had provided provision for people to experience the kingdom of God. So just because there are people who lived before the cross, it doesn't mean that they cannot be a part of the kingdom. They were very much a part of the kingdom and I'm not saying that somehow John the Baptist, we will revere him less because he didn't live after the cross. Not at all. John the Baptist is the forerunner and we honour him. He brought the first message of repentance and the kingdom of God. Okay, so would that be okay? Okay, great. Yeah, thank you. Thank you so much. Okay, so yeah, we will continue on with our study here. Just to cut out the outside sound, if you don't mind, I'll just close the door. Okay, thank you so much everyone. Let's continue with our, okay, thank you Christopher. So first of all, let's do that into the class. But I don't see anyone waiting. Maybe we could ask him to try again, looking on the link. Okay, sure. All right, so here in the next chapter, we will focus on God as the king of this kingdom. So far, we've talked about the fact that there is a kingdom and this kingdom can be experienced spiritually and eventually there will be a little kingdom. But we as believers, this kingdom is for us and we can live with that kingdom perspective. Now, we will study a little bit more about the king of the kingdom, the king and his kingdom. And I'm sure all of us will agree if I say that the ruler or the king of a country is very, very, you know, who the ruler is is very important. Because if he is cruel, if he is, you know, if he's not mature, if he is selfish, then you would see the consequences of that on the people.  Okay, we can expect some good government upon the people. For us as God's people, this is the great news that we have a good king. We have a very, very good king. And as we understand his nature, we will realize that we can always trust his rule and reign upon our lives, upon the world that he has created. Because he is good in so many different ways. And as I began this morning, we have a picture of the nature of God covering other aspects. For example, if I say that God is the creator, any of us will relate to that. If I say God is our savior, any of us will relate to that. But you know, God as king, we might not have a very, very good understanding of it. So now we will try to get a better understanding. There is a passage in our notes here from Psalm 145 verses 1 and 10 through 13. Okay, we won't read it. I'll just say the first scripture here, it says, I will extol you my God or king. So scripture does introduce God as the king. And further, we read the other scriptures that there's also the term kingdom that is used, your kingdom. So we are told that God is our king. And what do we generally do when we watch all these movies that have kingdoms? People bow down, people worship, people adore, people extol, praise their kings or their rulers because they hold them in high regard and in honor. So just think about this, we have a king who is good and this king is God himself. And so how much more should we praise him and honor him? We must give praise to this king and give him his glory and exalt him. We must recognize his greatness and that is very, very important. Yes, we are talking about all the benefits of belonging to the kingdom of God and many a times, even for me, that is helpful. It's advantageous to know, wow, kingdom of authority and I can have the power, I can never say the power. But what about honoring the king of that kingdom and giving him the due worship that he deserves? I am sure we can never worship him as much as he deserves. But at least we are there in that position of worship and we honor him because he is the great king that could just describe him as this almighty, powerful king who deserves our praises. And so we sing praises to him, we bring our honor to him. And this king, he stands in authority over our lives. There is a scripture, Psalm 44 in verse 4, which says, you are my king, oh God, command victories for Jacob.  And victory over Jacob, Jacob, we are the people of God, we are called as Jacob in this scripture. So when God is in authority, when he is in rule and reign and we as sons and daughters of the king, we can always ask the king and say, can you please command victories over my life? And that is a privilege that you and I have, that we can directly approach this king because of what Jesus has done. And we can ask for these blessings, we can ask for his dominion upon us and that is something that we must never forget. Now, studying a little more about this king and his nature, he said that he is a great king and he deserves our praise, he deserves our worship. Now this king, every king, we know that he is the picture of final authority. So our God has the final authority and when we talk about the authority of God, we know that he is an eternal king. So it's not like somebody gave him the authority or somebody can take back that authority from him, but he always had and he always will have that inherent authority.  So his authority is final, whatever he plans, you know, that is final and nobody can take away his power from him. This king, every king, whatever he says, that word becomes the law of the kingdom. The same here today when we study the word of God, we belong to this kingdom and these are the words of the king, right? So that should help us understand what authority they carry and how we must see the word of God established in our lives and how it's almost like, you know, the law that is established in the kingdom. So God's word, we hang on those words, every single word because it is the final authority, the presence of the king, right? The presence of the king. So again, if we think of the grand march, the entry of the king into his palace, into his courts, then you would find all the ministers in that place rise up because he carries a magnificence, he carries a majesty, carries the glory, right? And the very presence, we use that term a lot, the presence of God. But you know, realize that the presence of God is the presence of that king. So if we are in the presence of the king, how do we respond to it and what does the presence of the king mean? Again, there is authority and dominion in his presence. Wherever his presence is, there is authority and dominion. So these are all different aspects that we understand about the king and his rule and trade. And as the king, of course, the name carries great authority. Just by the name of that king, access would be given to forbidden places, things that would be hidden, hidden treasures. Just by the name of that king, today you and I have the name of the king of kings. So that carries authority, that name carries authority. And when we exercise our authority through prayer, we talked about this and we pray in the name of Jesus. You can only imagine the power that it carries. And the king, the king fills his kingdom and his expression is in the kingdom. His expression, who he is, is in the kingdom. Now, who is this king? Isaiah chapter 9 verses 6 and 7, it's a very, very familiar passage. Usually during Christmas, people would read this out and say, for us, unto us the child is born and to us the son is given. The government will be upon his shoulder and his name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace, there will be no end upon the throne of David and over his kingdom to order it and establish with judgment and justice. From that time forward, even forever, the seal of the Lord of Force will upon itself. There is a description given of the king with various names. It's called Wonderful, which in other words means miraculous. If you look at the Hebrew meaning, it's associated with miraculous. Counselor is what? Expression of the wisdom of God. Then you have Mighty God. Mighty God is the expression of his power. Everlasting Father, that's the expression of his compassion. Love, care of God, Father. That's who he becomes to us and he is. The Prince of Peace, that's clear to understand. The Shalom of God for our total well-being. In the very name of God, which is described in this passage, we can realize all that he brings, all the authority that he carries. Everything that is released to us because of who he is and his name, his rule and reign. We will see him for who he truly is. He is that magnificent great God, miraculous, full of wisdom and power, compassionate at the same time.  When we have a good king, a righteous king, there is great confidence. We are secure as people. Not at any point are we thinking, oh man, what have God besides contrary to his word, what have God does something evil against me? No, because we are very clear. His scepter is the scepter of righteousness. We are told that he was one and was eight.  This God, he is worthy of our honor and our worship. We must choose to honor him. There are many ways that we can honor him. We can recognize who he is. There is a tribute that Nebuchadnezzar gives him in Daniel chapter 4 where he describes this great God and whatever this God has done in his life. So in that same manner, when we come to God and we respond to the revelation of who God is.   God, you are ruling and reigning with wisdom in my life. Thank you for your miracles, the release of your power in my life. I am just recognizing the authority. I am recognizing what this king is doing. How his dominion is over my life and I am just beginning to give glory to God. So first thing we can do is to acknowledge who he is, how magnificent he is, how loving he is and how great he is as our king. We can also worship him and we are told to do that. We are told to worship him and honor him and this praise and worship it can be done in various ways. So we won't get into all of that but we can just take time to sing to the Lord for the good king that he is. We can take time to dance to the Lord. We can take time to just bow down prostrate before the Lord and just give him our reverence. So there are many ways in which we can praise and worship this king and we need to have the revelation of God as a king as well. And how did this king get introduced to us? We talked about John the Baptist coming and preaching and then Jesus himself coming and preaching. But think about this. God could have left it. He could have just stopped with John the Baptist. The poor raga you go announce about Jesus and that's it. However you have the king himself. Hebrews 1 verse 8 it also says the son. So the son is the one who has come from the father and he is the king himself but he has come to proclaim his own message and he has come to fulfill his own message. So the introduction of this king to this world is done in a marvelous way that the king himself has come showing and revealing himself to us and that is the beauty of what God has done. It's not just the message but as a person he has come bringing us this message of the kingdom of God and introducing himself as the king. And the things that he did in introducing the kingdom of God and himself that we talked about earlier. We said that he preached the good news of the kingdom of God but along with that he taught the principles of the kingdom of God. There are several parables that we would look at a little later on. So there are different principles of the kingdom of God or the kingdom of heaven that the Lord Jesus taught his disciples and a demonstration of the power of God. So through the miracles that he did, the healings and the differences he released the kingdom of God. So in all these ways he went about revealing the kingdom of God to us. Now a little bit has been mentioned in our notes about some of the principles of the kingdom. So I am just going to go over them very quickly. One principle that is given here on page number 12 says, the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. So just think about this. We are here in the world and there is a way in which the world goes about everything. Life here on the earth there is a way to do life. But if you are doing kingdom life, you are living from a kingdom perspective. The kingdom principles sometimes may seem even contrary to the worldly principles. One example is if you are leased in the kingdom, if you are leased here, you become a servant, then you are exalted in the kingdom of God.  Otherwise how are you going to gain recognition? But in the kingdom we are encouraged to serve and become a servant. So there are many such principles of the kingdom of God and they can be applied in various aspects of our lives. And here we told that those who are poor in spirit, theirs is the kingdom of heaven. So poor in the spirit refers to a hunger. It does not mean poverty like the gender poverty that we see. That is not what it is referring to. But poor in the spirit it is a hunger and we know that hunger will create an appetite. So you can have more of something. So in that context those who are poor, blessed are the poor in the spirit, but theirs is the kingdom of heaven. So if I want to receive the kingdom of heaven, I have got to be hungry about the things of the kingdom. Now if I feel like I don't want to know too much or I already know enough and the life that I am living for the kingdom is good enough, nothing more, then I will not be able to attract more from the kingdom. But a hungry lifestyle, a spiritually hungry lifestyle where I want to see more of the kingdom. The power of the kingdom, the principles, how do they work? When I am hungry in that way, I will experience the kingdom. So that's a principle that we see here. When we are persecuted for righteousness sake, scriptures tell us that the kingdom of heaven is ours. So this encourages us. So in the world for the sake of God and doing the right thing for God, we might experience opposition out there in the world or it could even be our own families because we are standing up for God and we are standing up for righteousness. But in that we are encouraged. Why? Because scripture says that we belong to a kingdom. And in that kingdom, if we undergo persecution for righteousness, we are actually blessed people. So those who don't understand this, they might think that, hey what is wrong with you? People are calling you names because you are following Jesus and all and it doesn't affect you. You are doing the right thing and you also know that I belong to a kingdom. And in that kingdom, if I undergo persecution for the sake of righteousness, I am actually rewarded. So things like that. So when you understand the dynamics of the kingdom, the principles of the kingdom, you realize some of them can be very different from the principles that the world has. And we are called to live it out. We are called to teach these principles. And the Lord Jesus himself did that. He taught them. He also lived it out. And the kingdom of God, there are a few more thoughts here about the kingdom which I will add up says, Thy kingdom come. So we are encouraged to pray and ask God for heaven's rule and reign to come here on the earth. And I think I have described that earlier. And then we must also seek the kingdom first and all other things will be added to us. These are some principles. And also doing the will of the Father. When we do the will of the Father, that's when we are told that we enter the kingdom of heaven. So these are some things that the Lord Jesus taught us and we will look elaborately on some of the teachings a little later on. So for now, we realize that the kingdom of God was introduced in a marvelous way here on the earth because the King himself came and he spoke the message. He also demonstrated the kingdom. He gave us teachings of the kingdom. So at this point, any thoughts, any additional comments from all of you? First of all, we just enjoyed the class. Really, it's so amazing. And we are happy to see you again as we are here. And we are happy because we do not have other teachers who we start with as a martial Samuel. But we are happy to see that we are proceeding with you. And we are blessed to learn about the kingdom of God. And I learned a lot today.  Thank you. Thank you all. Thank you so much for that. And I'm also happy to continue with all of you. And hopefully you will continue the next year as well. So please, it's not easy. I know it's really not easy to study, cover all the subjects and put in all the hard work. But we got to do the grace and do well this semester. So we are just coming back to our subject here on the kingdom of God. Any comments on what you've heard so far about God as the king? What is the meaning of scepter as per context of people? Scepter is generally carried by a king. And with the raising of a scepter, you see that a king would direct It's not instruct, but it's like his decision. So if he moves the scepter in the book of Esther, she enters the presence of the king without his permission. And we are told that those who entered the presence of the king without permission were killed. But Esther did it. And she said, if I die, it's okay. Let me go. But when she does that, the king actually extends the scepter on her. So the decision of the king upon Esther is my favor. I give you my favor. So that rule of getting killed in my presence, if you enter without permission, doesn't apply to you. So the scepter is the rule and the reign. It demonstrates the decision, the authority of the king. So yeah, I think since it is somewhat simple to understand the kingdom, so we have grasped whatever was talked of till now. Let's continue. Here in chapter 3, we talk a little bit about the church and the kingdom of God. So the kingdom of God, it's actually quite huge. It encompasses the kingdom. We will see that even it's not just the kingdom we are on earth, but there's also a kingdom in heaven where we have heavenly beings. We have those who have gone on after living their lives for Christ. So the kingdom of God has us in it, but there are others as well who are part of the kingdom. But the church on the earth, it is a representation of the kingdom of God, of this heavenly kingdom and we are truly emissaries. Emissaries are in other words what Rupa mentioned, ambassadors, representatives. Ambassadors in the Bible times, they would carry such authority that they would go to different regions to establish, like for example the Roman Empire was expanding really fast and so they would send out these ambassadors, they would go to a captured place and over there they will establish kingdom culture, they will establish their kingdom, the Roman culture and the Roman government and all of that. So the ambassadors had a very powerful and influential role to play and today we are seeing that we as believers, we are emissaries, we are ambassadors of the kingdom of heaven. We are living here on the earth, but we are really here to extend that kingdom and we are also told that this kingdom has authority. If you recall what we studied in prayer and intercession from Matthew chapter 60 verses 18 and 19 Jesus said and I also say to you that you are Peter and on this rock I will build my church and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it and I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Notice that keys of the kingdom of heaven and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven and whatever you lose on earth will be lost in heaven. So as God's people we have been given the keys keys representing the authority of the kingdom and so we can release that authority. We are representing the kingdom of heaven and we can also release that authority here on the earth and we are told that the gates of hell will not prevail against us. Another beautiful thing here is that Jesus said I will build my church so if the church has that authority, has that kingdom authority what kind of authority? We are told that the gates of hell will not be able to withstand. And notice gates of hell refers to stationary structure Once you fix it in your compound it will be there wherever you have fixed that gate. It is not going to go anywhere the next day it is going to be there. Jesus said the gates of hell will not prevail against it but at the same time he said that the church has been given authority that he will build that church and the keys of the kingdom have been given to those who are part of that church so we know that the church is that influential body of Christ the church is that powerful entity representing the kingdom of God which is able to move. We are able to move and the gates of hell do not move so we can actually go out we can find the works of darkness and we can destroy the works of darkness so that is the kind of authority that Jesus has given the church and he said that he is going to build this church he is going to establish this church and the church refers to each and every one of us as believers this only captures the kind of the kind of victory that you and I can walk in in the last semester we talked about believers authority so just think about this we had kingdom authority we are the sons we are the adversaries we are the ambassadors and the gates of hell will not prevail against us and the Lord Jesus he has already redeemed us and he has given back that authority that Satan had taken from us and we need to understand and walk in that authority. Now when we look at the early church I am on page 17 in our notes if some of you are wondering where we are so I am just trying to cover some ground to give you a summary of things if you look at the early church they were people who understood the authority of the kingdom. You see so many marvelous demonstrations of the power of God through the service and the believers and the Lord Jesus he talked about the kingdom of God to these disciples when he was walking with them before his trial and crucifixion and all that but even after that 40 days after he is the resurrected Christ you study Acts chapter 1 and verse 3 there that Jesus spent time with people he was seen in different places but one of the things that he also did was to speak about the kingdom of God so the early church one thing that we can be sure of is that the early church had a good understanding about the teachings of the kingdom of God they were a church of great authority they walked in great power they had the teaching of the apostles but they also had teaching about the kingdom of God I am sure they must have had the teaching about the authority of the kingdom of God now they had it and they also took it with them wherever they went so in Acts chapter 8 we see Philip as a minister he goes out to serve in some area and over there we are told that Philip he preached concerning the kingdom of God so the early church and the people of the early church had the understanding of the kingdom of God and similarly as you keep looking at different people Paul and Barnabas there is a scripture that says they were also preaching about the kingdom of God Paul at Ephesus when he talks to the people three months he is there at Ephesus he is reasoning and persuading with the people of Ephesus to make them obedient to the gospel one of the things that he spent time on is the kingdom of God and Acts 19 verse 8 we are told reasoning and persuading concerning things of the kingdom of God so the kingdom of God it was a very very integral theme for the early church and the apostles and whatever they did they carried that along and they spread that message of the kingdom of God and the authority of that kingdom and we today as the people of God we must embrace this revelation of the kingdom of God and serve as workers and co-workers Colossians chapter 4 verse 11 we are told that and I will read it for us we just have a little bit of time so let me read that for you and I am on page number 19 Colossians 4 verse 11 it says that Jesus who is called justice these are my only fellow workers for the kingdom of God who are of the circumcision they have proved to be a comfort to me okay so you know Paul is writing to the Colossians here but use the look at the term that he uses for the people who serve together with him he calls them fellow workers going back to the question that hope asked us there's a certain ministry can we help them yes you can because you know there are so many people who are part of the kingdom of God right it's the it's the broad kingdom of God and even Paul he's calling people who served it Colossians he's calling them fellow workers so there are many people who serve together and they are our co-workers in the kingdom of God so I think I will just stop here and we will move forward from here in the next class but just a little bit of introduction about the church as an ambassador and the power that the church has been given and the fact that the early church moved with this knowledge and they took this knowledge to various parts and tell the new believers that they are part of the kingdom of God so yeah we will stop here for today and I think it will be good if we can wrap up with some anything, any thoughts hi Sam just thinking I don't know if we will cover this in later section but since we are in the topic of church just some thoughts around you know how and why was the church kept as a secret kind of thing throughout Old Testament it's I think only Jesus Christ who kind of revealed God's plan for church just any thoughts around that and also I think this verse one to where Peter after the Holy Ghost comes Peter declares to the audience there that this is what Joel had already prophesied that so that scripture doesn't up I mean I always get confused that does that scripture apply to what Peter was saying because if Peter is claiming that then sorry about my background but because it doesn't apply because Joel could not have got an extra revelation of the church and the apostles during this time but yet Peter uses Joel to confess so a little bit around that okay Sam so Sam just to go back to your first question I think I have two parts to it but I can only remember one so please interject if you would like you said why was the church kept as a secret you know what the church you don't see that it was kept as a secret in fact whenever we talk about the book of Acts after the resurrection of Jesus once he ascends and the baptism of the Holy Spirit takes place it is described as the birth of the early church so it's a new entity so there's no question of hiding it okay yeah so that's the thing but yeah I know what you mean basically the people of God you mean right in the Old Testament and in Jesus' times well they were very much there they were very much there and maybe the kingdom of God is a better description for them and the church became a better term which was used after Acts of the Apostles so that would be my comment on your first question and the second question where Joel Joel's prophecy he says you know your sons and daughters prophesy and your once again Joel chapter sorry Acts chapter 2 yeah so prophecy of Joel from Acts chapter 2 and verse 16 Peter stands up and he says you know this is what Joel said that your sons and daughters will prophesy some men will see visions your old men will dream dreams even on my servants both men and women I will pour out my spirit in those days and they will prophesy I will show wonders in the heavens above and signs on the earth below and blood and fire and pillows of smoke the sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord and everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved says that and actually I want to show you one more scripture so that I am not able to locate it but verse where he says this is that you have to see it same passage but yeah so I will tell you that exact scripture but basically when the outpouring of the Holy Spirit happens and you know Peter shares the prophecy of Joel he tells the people brethren what you see here happening the outpouring of the Holy Spirit this is that now of course the demonstration was different because what Joel said he said that people will prophesy there will be dreams and things like that but what exactly was happening in that upper room was people speaking in unknown tongues but by the Holy Spirit Peter was able to reconcile the two and he actually makes that statement he says this is that once people begin to speak in tongues he says that he says this what you see is that which Joel prophesied so I would say by the Holy Spirit Sam that's how he was able to reconcile the two the prophecy of Joel and what actually happened in Acts 2 yeah ma'am Acts 2 16 16 yeah thank you Rupa thank you for that somehow I just missed it Acts 2 16 okay yeah my version is different so the English is different is NIV in NIV says this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel so this is that he clarifies that the prophecy of Joel has been so yes class we will think about these things further and really good if you can also read and come so from the next class I will try to summarize it not kind of go every section by section but I will try to summarize it so that we have some additional time to discuss application and practical aspects so it will be nice if you can read up and come we have stopped in the middle of chapter 3 right now we could complete reading that and maybe chapter 4 and 5 for the next class and that will be really helpful alright so thank you once again for joining in today and we will meet again next Tuesday and if you have more questions please post it on the stream page and we will take it up over then thank you thank you so good to have all of you back thank you bye thank you thank you bye bye


Functions of graphs can be shifted and reflected. This is really useful for graphic designers and anyone designing 3D images and objects. Here are four transformations that we need to learn. Two translations and two reflections. Notice how for the vertical transformations, we apply the numbers or negative to the outside of the Fs. So it applies to the whole function. So the plus four and to reflect, the negative goes outside and multiplies by the whole function. But for the horizontal transformations, we add the numbers or negative directly to the Xs. So the plus four here and the negative here for reflecting. In part one, we'll look at translations in a little more detail. And in part two, we'll have a look at the reflections. So vertical translations. Bearing in mind that adding four shifts the graph up four, what do you think this transformation would do to the curve? Did you think shift the curve down by three? So for vertical translations, we add the number to the whole function. For horizontal translations, we add the number just to the Xs. So the plus four just goes to the Xs. If we had a function with this equation, to shift the curve to the left four, we would add four to every X in the equation. The horizontal translations just have one little extra detail to remember. See how the plus four shifts the curve to the left? It seems a bit counter-intuitive. Adding shifts the curve left and subtracting shifts the curve to the right. So let's give some questions a go. They could be horizontal or vertical translations. For the video, answer the questions and click play when you're ready to check. How did you get on? So there we have horizontal and vertical transformations. We discovered that for vertical transformations, we apply the transformation to the outside of the function. So it applies to the whole function. Whereas for horizontal transformations, we apply the transformation to the Xs. And also we discovered that for horizontal translations, adding shifts the curve to the left and subtracting shifts the curve to the right. In part two, we'll look at reflections in a little more detail.