ns that we are having around the Scottish attainment challenge, for example, through the participation of a significant number of local authorities in raising attainment for all programme. We get a sense that there is a degree of urgency being attached to addressing the issue now. I suppose that the challenge for us is to ensure that this priority is maintained and perhaps that we get a better sense of or put in place more robust measures to allow us to measure the progress that we are making around all of this. Is there no sharing of best practice at the moment within schools, local authorities and across local authorities? Is that part of the work of those attainment advisers? No, we expect that there is. One of the key purposes of raising attainment for all programme is to share that best practice, to test models for changing improvement and to share that practice across local authorities and across schools. We have 23 local authorities currently involved in that programme and 180 schools. We are really looking to build on that activity and provide dedicated support and resource to every local authority across the country so that they can implement what works when it comes to narrowing the attainment gap. I have a point of information to go back to, Mr Ansel. You mentioned at one point that local authorities could mainstream what we have referred to in the past as the Gaelic medium education unit. What are the financial implications for that? Is there a tipping point? I know that there are a couple of schools now where the majority of children registering are going to be taught in the medium of Gaelic. Does that mean that the school is a Gaelic school with an English-speaking medium unit? I think that there are a couple of things in that. The mainstreaming of Gaelic costs is something that sits with local authority officers. I am aware of conversations, for example that local authority officers might say that, in a Gaelic school, we have five, six or seven teachers. Three or four of them are paid for by local authority money, so their costs are mainstreamed and we look to the Government's specific grant to support the other two, three or four. As local authority officers work with Gaelic costs, for example, sometimes they might think about opening up new provision, so within a local authority discussions will go ahead about the mainstreaming of another teacher's salary and perhaps diverting a bit of specific grant from the Government to some new provision. The question of mainstreaming of costs and where a local authority might look to the Scottish Government for support is largely a discussion that takes place within local authorities. As requests for support come to us, we get involved in those discussions just to an extent. The other thing that you were mentioning is that, very often when Gaelic starts, it is seen as something additional, so there is a request for support. In some areas of the country, the Gaelic side of a primary has increased to the extent that it is the majority. There is recognition given for this now. There is a phrase being used at Gaelic status schools. We currently have nine primaries that are recognised as Gaelic status schools whereby there is a significant majority of the pupils who are receiving their lessons through the medium of Gaelic. That significant majority could be 60, 70, 80 and even 90 per cent of the pupils are Gaelic medium pupils. Of course, there is an argument there that when 90 per cent or 80 per cent of the pupils are receiving their education through the medium of Gaelic, it does not seem like it is something that needs additional support. It sounds like it is the mainstream activity in that school. It is a feature of our education system. It is part of the discussion that we are having with local authorities. As some of them are moving towards recognising schools as Gaelic status schools, we are discussing that and what support is needed in that context with them. To say, I went to Bellewsh's Academy in Glasgow and everyone in first year or second year did Gaelic. I was one of 19 of 350 pupils over French from there on in. It was part of the mainstream at the time for anybody who lived in that area. It was a special school for people who were interested. It was just an ordinary school in South Glasgow. We took it because the education authority at that time decided that it was part of our culture. Apparently, it was the only school in Glasgow that did that. It was a traditional thing. Unfortunately, that no longer happens. Mark Ruskell, I have a personal and political interest in additional support needs. I note the extension of rights to cover children with additional support needs. You state that, at Para 48 of the financial memorandum, some costs are unknown. At Para 47, it has not been possible to assess the cost of extending rights and an estimated amount has not been included in the memorandum. Evidence that we have received from East Lothian Council states that, as a result of increasing ASN rights, that will increase ASN referrals as a whole. They also refer to an 88 per cent increase in ASN referrals over the last five school sessions. While I understand that, I should point out that Fife and South Lanarkshire Council have estimated minimal costs, that is based simply on the process of the tribunal element and not maybe the decisions in terms of placings that may have to flow as a result of that. Is the cost that you estimated purely based on the tribunal element or the costs that you would be looking at purely based on the tribunal element and that process, or does it also consider the knock-on effect from that of potentially having to allocate additional ASN places within the school? The costs that we went through to try to establish the costs were based across all the rights, not on the tribunal alone. I am aware of, obviously, of East Lothian Council's position. I think that there is a premise possibly within that, which is the belief that children and their parents will use their rights, whereas it will be one or the other, it will not be both people using their rights. The reason that we have come to the position that we have in the financial memorandum, where we indicate that we do not expect that there will be a significant amount of costs is based on the experiences of the Welsh tribunal, where children have had rights in Wales only for the tribunal for a pilot period and they were not used at all. The experience of our own tribunal, where disability discrimination claims have been able to be made by children with capacity, which would generally be about the age of 12, and they have not been used at all either. While we recognise that there may be some additional costs, we are not expecting the level of requests or use of those rights to be in the order at which perhaps East Lothian Council has suggested. I think that the estimates that we have given are possibly on the high side within our calculations, because we have not been able to accurately tie down exactly how many children may use their rights going forward, partly because we were not able to establish the cost of rights, but also because of the experience of other jurisdictions. We have not been able to build that model, and therefore we have erd on the side of caution in that, but you will see it at paragraph 48 because of that. We have had to indicate that we will review, as you would expect. I recognise that that that is not a brilliant position to be in, but it genuinely is not for the lack of trying to nail those costs down. We did try quite significantly to do that. I see that, at paragraph 44, you talk about parents currently having the rights to make those requests on behalf of their children. You could put forward the suggestion of how many parents are aware of the rights that they have in that respect, and I would suggest that there is the potential that introducing that right might sharpen focus from people into that area, and that you might perhaps underestimate what might come forward. Any legislation that creates a right or extends a right by definition draws attention to that right, and parents who may not previously have been aware that they had those rights or could access those rights may now choose to take that opportunity, or it may be pursued by... The follow-up question really would be, how early in the process are you going to have a look at what is happening and judge whether the behavioural change that you anticipate has actually played out? In our discussions around those calculations, we also anticipated the exact point that you have made, that the fact that there is a bill will draw attention. It may cause increases to the system in terms of parents currently, and it may allow... There may be children who would use the rights who would not otherwise have done so, or they couldn't up until now, but they may wish to instead of their parents using the rights, and we factored that in. In terms of the review, we will review immediately... We currently are under a duty to... The Scottish Minister, sorry, are under a duty to report to Parliament each year on a number of elements, including the cost of provision. We are in discussions that formal duty will conclude next year, but we will continue to report and to record information about this type of information right the way through so that we've got a current picture, and we'll also have a future picture from the moment that we commence these... We'll review from the moment one year on from the commencement of those bill provisions once they're commenced, if they are passed as they are. Okay, thank you Mark. I'm pleased to say that that has concluded our deliberations on this particular issue. I'd like to thank you very much for your contributions here this morning. I'll just have a 30 second break while our witnesses depart, and then we'll move on straight on to agenda item 4, which is to consider the following negative instrument, the Scottish Tax Tribunals, Time Limits and Rules of Procedure Regulations 2015, SSI 2015-184. Public session. Before we go any further, you will all have received a letter from Nigel Dolan, MSP, Convener of the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee, in which she draws our attention to concerns of the committee. For example, the last that one paragraph says, and I quote, the setting of a limit for requesting permission to appeal to the upper tax tribunal, the court of session is a matter of considerable importance. It goes on to say that the committee was particularly concerned about the implications of shortening time limits for permission to appeal and how they should impact on the rights of those wishing to make an appeal. So I'm happy to take comments from members of the committee. I know that the deputy convener, who's a member of that committee, certainly wishes to say something. John Swinney. I think that the committee did feel quite strongly about this because, as the Government has accepted, this is a matter of some importance about people's right to appeal. I think that there is a broad acceptance, as it says in the letter, that relaxing timescales, generally speaking, would give a person more rights, and that's not really a problem, and nobody's going to object to that. However, I think that the concern was more around allowing the tribunals to shorten the time limits that people could have to appeal. In fact, the suggestion was made that, if there's no restriction on that, they could shorten it to five minutes. From 30 days, and obviously that's an extreme example, but that would seriously infringe on the rights of the person who could be making the appeal. That's why the convener has written to you, convener, because, as the whole of the committee, we did feel quite strongly that this was really pushing things too much. Any other comments from Gavin? I thought that it was quite a good letter from Nigel Dona. It certainly led me to look at it seriously. My own view is that there's probably a drafting error in this document. The Government is right to allow the court or the tribunal to relax rules a bit, but there is a discretion that they have. However, it's pretty unusual for them to allow them to shorten the statutory timescales that are laid out to protect those who are involved in the case. I just want to, in the regulation itself, to extend or shorten the time for complying with rules, practice directions or so on, or the time limit for permission to appeal. I just seriously wonder whether they didn't mean to shorten the time limit for appeal. It would strike me as odd. Five minutes, as the deputy convener described, would be an extreme example. Even if it were cut by a couple of weeks, that could put pressure on someone who wants to appeal and wants to take advice before doing so. It's a negative instrument, so, as I understand it, there are two options. One is that individual members can lodge a motion to annul with the chamber desk and Parliament to look at that. One other option, or one suggestion, might be that we, as a committee, invite the convener to write to the minister outlining this point. We've not specifically taken evidence on this point, so there's not that much we can add to what the Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee can say, but given that they don't write those letters to us fairly regularly, given that there does seem to be a reasonable issue, my preference would be that we write to them as a committee saying that we've had this representation. There does appear to be a case to answer, and we seek the Government's view on this. To be honest, that's exactly what my thoughts were when Jim and I discussed this issue before, and that was the line that we thought was appropriate to take in this. It's surprising that we tend not to get early as at all from Nigel Donnell. We've had them in successive weeks, so I do think that a letter to the minister would be appropriate if colleagues aren't happy with that approach. Okay, that now ends the public session, and we'll just have another 30-second break to allow the public and the first report to leave.


Antibiotics have been a vital part of modern medicine for over 70 years but overuse and inappropriate use in humans and animals has led to dangerous bacteria developing deadly resistance. Drug resistant infections, often called superbogs, which can't be treated with the medicines we have today, are one of the world's most urgent health problems. Worldwide these drug resistant infections kill over 700,000 people every year and without action this number will continue to rise rapidly. Previously treatable infections and routine surgeries such as hip replacement and cesareans will be potentially fatal. Research to tackle drug resistant infections has been too long neglected. The last new class of antibiotics was developed in the 1980s. Of even greater concern we have not seen a new class of antibiotics to treat the dangerous gram-negative bacteria since 1962. The Wellcome Trust is committed to supporting scientists to work together with industry, governments and civil society to tackle this rapidly rising problem. New treatments are a priority. We need new antibiotics and innovative treatments. We need new diagnostics and we need new vaccines to prevent the spread of deadly infections. Through the CARB-X biopharmaceutical accelerator, promising research in all of these areas is now being supported. Public-private partnerships like CARB-X are vital to reinvigorate research and discovery. Wellcome has announced up to $155 million over five years to the CARB-X partnership. Drug discovery must work hand-in-hand with actions to ensure that antibiotics are available to all patients who need them in all countries and are used appropriately. Enabling responsible use in equitable access are conditions of CARB-X funding. We need to ensure that antibiotics existing and new are treated as a valuable resource and are used only for protecting and improving health. Global recognition of this urgent health threat has grown. However, we need to see more investment, more action and greater urgency. Wellcome is working with governments, industry and global health leaders to ensure concerted and coordinated action. Our goal is a world where excellent prevention and diagnosis delays drug resistance developing and where there is a pipeline of new treatments that are used appropriately and available to all patients who need them.


Hello everybody HoodedCobraCommander788 here and as I record this I am preparing to go to Jocon. Before I go though I wanted to take a minute and wrap with you guys about some important things about the channel. This channel has seen some amazing growth lately. That means there are a lot of new people and since a lot of you are new you haven't been around long enough to see some of the announcements and some of the things that I've said about the format of the show in the past. So I thought this might be a good opportunity to make a video to explain everything to new people so you don't have to go through every video I've made for the last four years just to completely understand what goes on on this channel. So first of all welcome I'm glad you're here I hope you enjoy it and this is for you if you're new so that you can understand what goes on here at the HoodedCobraCommander788 YouTube channel. First I want to make clear what this channel is even about. On this channel we review vintage GI Joe toys and by vintage I mean from 1982 through 1994 and I focus on American domestic releases only. Now sometimes I do look at other things I look at some modern toys I look at some foreign issues I've even looked at an old 1960s 12 inch GI Joe figures but that is all just bonus content it's not the core focus of this channel. These reviews are about my perspective my opinion and my journey as a collector they are not just straight toy reviews if you want a straight toy review with just a guy pointing a camera at a toy and talking about it there are plenty of other YouTube channels that do that. This is personal this means something to me and so I don't expect everyone to agree with me you don't have to agree with me I'm not out here seeking everyone's agreement I'm not out here to affirm my opinion but I am out here to express my opinion if you disagree in a way that is disrespectful or hateful you may not find yourself hanging around very often but disagreement is expected it's even welcome here but please understand that the reviews themselves are mine and my opinion and I feel it's my duty as a reviewer to be honest with you about what I really think about things and sometimes that's really good sometimes that's really bad sometimes it's in the middle but whatever that is I will be frank I will be honest and that's what you should expect here I would suggest that you not start fights in the comments I don't really have this problem very often it seems like I have a really smart group of regular viewers who come in here and you guys are really bright but if somebody is drifting by here and sees something that deeply offends them in the video or the comments and they want to start a fight about it please keep in mind that we're talking about toys there is no excuse for treating another person poorly and so I expect that the comments section will be used by people who know how to behave like adults and thankfully it almost always is I really don't have very much trouble in the comments section but yeah if you're some dude drifting by and you decide you want to be hateful to people just keep on drifting by but everyone else who wants to actually discuss these amazing toys that we love and remember and we're such an important part of our childhood please stick around please leave your comments I love reading them I reply to as many as I can I'm not able to reply to as many as I used to and I regret that but I love reading your comments I love hearing from you and I hope to hear more from you in the future sometimes on this channel we do skits we do stories we do jokes and the reason we do those things is because I enjoy them and I want to make videos that I enjoy this is a creative outlet for me because I need a creative outlet so if that's not your thing well sorry but that is something to expect on this channel from time to time we also do quite a few collaborations on this channel it's been my privilege to work with some of the other great GI Joe related YouTube content creators and it's fantastic I mean I've had the opportunity to work with form BX to 5 7 and half the Timmer from half the battle and GI Joe Berg and some other guys and they're all great you know this behind the scenes stuff that we do to bring these collaborations to you is a lot of fun and I can tell you that all of those guys are as awesome off camera as they are on camera I really enjoy doing that and I feel like whatever anyone thinks of my videos the one thing that I feel like I've been able to contribute to the community is that collaboration I've done my best to try to bring content creators together to work as more of a community and I hope that that's something that's appreciated by some GI Joe fans I know at the time I'm recording this there isn't any GI Joe on the toy shelves right now but it's a great time to be a GI Joe fan because the fan created content is fantastic it's wonderful so please check out everyone that we do a collaboration with because you might find other content creators that will just blow you away so so yeah I think it's a great time to be a GI Joe fan I'm very appreciative of everything that everyone's doing to keep the love and enjoyment of GI Joe alive even when Hasbro isn't really utilizing the brand that much you probably notice a lot of artwork on the title cards for these videos that's the the image that pops up when you first see the video on YouTube and a lot of that art is donated by the artists and I am extremely thankful for that I can't tell you how grateful I am for that I know that as an artist you often get people who want you to do the work for free or work for exposure I don't do that I don't ask for that but at the same time this channel is not big enough to pay for people to do the title card art that our work is done by people donating their time and effort just because they like the show and they want to participate so if you see me in a video thanking an artist please check out that artist they deserve your attention and they have my gratitude as if you are on this channel you are entitled to something you are entitled to my best effort in every video now my best effort may produce a better video one week than another week but it's still my best effort in each video I will make mistakes sometimes but I'll try not to actually do quite a bit of planning to try to minimize mistakes but sometimes mistakes creep in anyway and that will happen but I will do my best every week the videos might be better if they were made by someone who was smarter than me or better looking or had a better voice or had more time or more skills at making videos that may be true but what you got is me so you're entitled to my best effort every week and if there's somebody out there who can do it better tell me who that is I'd probably like to watch that guy we have some traditions on this channel one tradition is that at the end of every year I do a question and answer video and so the last video that should be posted each year would be the answers to whatever questions you ask for that video usually I'll also take the first week of each year off so the first week of January I take off the reason is because the first video that goes up each year I try to review something big big vehicle big play set and I need the extra time to work on it so usually that first week I take off the second week I post what should be a pretty big video to kick off the year one tradition is Cobra Convergence every July that started out as just Cobra Month I did Cobra Month because I had done a whole bunch of reviews of GI Joe team figures vehicles and it had been a while since I had done anything related to Cobra so a few years ago in the month of July I just decided okay all of July is going to be just Cobra well the following year I got in contact with Timmer and FormBX257 and I asked these guys you want to come together for one big event at the end of July and they agreed so on the last day of July in 2016 we did Cobra Convergence the three of us got together we each did our own Cobra video on that day well the following year we did Cobra Convergence too more participants bigger event we did a storyline for it I had a lot of fun I hope everybody else did and it looks like Cobra Convergence is now becoming an annual tradition and it seems to be getting bigger each year the tagline that I use only GI Joe is GI Joe I didn't just make that up myself that comes from the very first GI Joe commercial back in 1964 so I'm kind of all about our roots I want to remember our roots in GI Joe and part of our roots is go all the way back to 1964 so that phrase only GI Joe is GI Joe is my little nod to the old school 12 inch GI Joe figures from back before our time but without them we wouldn't have our 80s GI Joe if you just can't get enough of me I am on social media I have a Facebook page I'm on Twitter not on Instagram yet I need to fix that I'm working on it I also have a website HCC788.com all of my GI Joe reviews are cataloged there so if you're not sure if I've reviewed something you can check the website through the website you can also order t-shirts so if you just want to wear me on your body you can order a t-shirt there this channel also has a patreon page and that helps offset some of the cost of making this show through patreon I've been able to get better equipment get more things to review and so thank you to everyone who supports the channel in that way and I enjoy supporting creators on patreon myself whenever I see a creator that I think is awesome and I see they have a patreon page and I check it out and they have a ton of patrons I'm like yes my opinion is affirmed yeah so if you'd like to support the channel that way please check out patreon I have some special perks there also sometimes you will see numbers on the screen in videos that is a secret code and there is a secret code book and that secret code book goes to some of my supporters on patreon so they can decode that message usually what it is is a preview of the next video I had toyed with the idea at the end of each video giving a preview of what was coming next I actually did a poll on that twice I did a poll and both times overwhelmingly viewers said they did not want to know what was coming next they want to be surprised with what's coming up each week so instead of doing a preview like that instead what I did was I'll put a preview a hint actually in a secret code and if patrons want to decode that they can use their code book to check that out it's optional it's up to them sometimes I'll throw up something else in a secret code little joke little message or something like that so if you have the code book you can find out what it says and if you like the code book check out patreon there's nothing in the secret codes or on patreon though that you would need to fully enjoy the videos that's one thing that I will always do all the content on this channel is free if you want to support the channel in other ways you can do that and you can get some bonus stuff but the reviews and everything that's on this channel will always be free of charge to the end user so I'm never gonna put anything behind a paywall that you just can't see unless you give me money I don't do that so every week I want to bring these videos to as many people as possible sometimes viewers donate toys to the channel that's been a big help but it's not necessary I want to tell everybody that you don't have to do that it's very much appreciated when you do but nobody should feel obligated to send anything to me if you want to though just send me an email I'll put the email address on the screen right now and I can tell you how to do that and if you send something to me I will put it in a video I'll I'm doing unboxing videos each month where I just take out and show you everything that everyone sent me for that month so if you send me something I will put it on the channel I will put it in a video we've created a community here that feels like family and you are invited to join I've made some great friends in this project lifelong friends that's something that I never expected when I started out but after doing this for a while you would be amazed at what people share with you what they tell you they get in touch with you and we have sometimes the people that are half a world away but we share one thing in common we share an enjoyment of this toy line from our childhoods and that turns out to mean more than you might expect so I'm a very grateful for the friends that I've met through this project and I hope that you watching this here will be one of them that I think was just a basic primer for anyone who is new to this channel if you are new thank you for joining the channel I hope you stick around we try to have a lot of fun here we try not to take it too seriously we try to all have a good time and kind of bond over our shared love of GI Joe it's time for me to get ready to go to Joe Khan I hope to see some of you there no new review this week but working on something big working on something big so please stick around for it thanks for watching and yeah remember only GI Joe is GI Joe


thought I'd bring you my first impressions of a new drop from Parkhurst brand. This is a revival of one of the original models the Allen boot in Hawine's Natural Dublin. Let's see what my first impressions are like. G'day, how you going? Welcome to Bootlossophy and I acknowledge the traditional custodians of widget country on the lands that I live and work. These are my first impressions of a Parkhurst brand model that I've been after for a very long time. I missed the original iteration of this in their 18 lasted model and I also missed it when they brought it out in a 602 last from the Batavia New York workshop. It's the Allen boot, the Parkhurst plain toe boot, service boot obviously. Six inch shaft from the height to the top of the heel. Simple no-toe cap vamp, a single piece backstay and two quarter pieces to go with that. The heel is stacked leather, simple block heel with a proprietary Parkhurst but day-night like studded sole. The rubber on the studded sole is a little softer than day-night and while still shock absorbent is probably a little bit grippier I think than day-night itself which is a very hard rubber compound. All darkened and teaked hardware with four or sorry five eyelets and three speed hooks at the top. A very very sort of simple plain service boot style that Parkhurst enthusiasts will know about. However this leather I've been waiting for for a long time is from Horween tannery in Chicago and it's their natural Dublin leather. Dublin is part of a family of leathers tanned by Horween. The Essex is the beginning of it which is a veg tanned base leather and then they put in some waxes and it becomes Dublin and then they polish it and put some more waxes and it becomes another leather which I can't remember the name of so it's a family of three leathers, veg tanned based with more and more oils and finishing. The Dublin uppers are quite a firm leather particularly as they are veg tanned and it's a little more than 2 millimeters thick, 2.2, 2.3 millimeters I think depending on where you measure. So it's really quite sturdy. The shaft is unlined as you can see but the vamp is lined with a soft sort of kid leather on the inside. Let me read the components to you from the website.  The upper is full-grain natural Dublin leather from Horween. The lining is leather in the vamp or toe box and unlined in the quarters. The insole is veg tanned Ben's leather. The hardware fiber that's three speed hooks or brass the laces around waxed. The welt is a veg tanned leather and the midsole is a veg tanned leather. The sole and the heel are rubber studded and the heel stack is veg tanned Ben's leather that's excess leather cut from the insole so a little bit of saving and conservation in there. It is a split reverse welt which means that the stitching on the good you welt goes all the way around the boot and if you look at the sides just there you can see the flare up against the uppers and that's where the welt which if you look at it in cross section is split and then is peeled up halfway and then pushed against the side of the side of the boot and then stitched down along the welt. So good you wilting is where the uppers and the insole are attached to the inside of the welt and then the outside of the welt is sewn through the midsole and the outsole and you can see the stitching there and that way there are there are two stitches one on the inside of the boot and one on the outside of the boot so that creates water resistance and it also gives you the ability to re-sole because you can cut the stitches at the at the outsole peel off the outsole leave the welt leave the uppers untouched glue on a new outsole and re-stitch that external stitch. So in terms of size and fit this is Parkhurst's newer 602 last it is actually the 602M last so it's a little bit roomier at the ball of the foot and concurrently at the heel I don't mind that extra bit of room but it is definitely roomier if you're used to the old Parkhurst 602 last from the New York factory it's also a bit roomier in terms of height so that gives me and I like that a little bit more wiggle room in the toes and I really don't like my toes being squashed so the Parkhurst 602 last is reasonably anatomical but also roomy at the ball and rounded although kind of element shaped rounded the toes that gives you a little wiggle room I like that I'm an eight and a half us in d-width on the Brannock device that's my true size in Parkhurst I always take a size 8d because you half size down and this is really a perfect fit the US price is US $418 which is about average for Parkhurst boots because of the componentry I think and I think definitely worth it in terms of value the essay beg your pardon the Dublin leather is veg tan as I said and it will behave differently because depending on which part of the hide that you're cutting from and you can see from the Vap after a few days where there's a tiny little bit extra creasing in the right boot then in the left boot take a look at that see that bit of creasing and I think that bit of creasing might be a bit of loose grain I definitely have that with my Oak Street boot makers natural Dublin trench boots as well and it is a little bit more wavier look I don't mind that it's not structurally problematic it's not going to split and become two pieces of leather it's not going to flake off and if you like your patina I think that's quite attractive so I think what remains is let me put these on feet so you can see what they're like on feet and then we'll give you a little summary putting on boots with speed hooks is somewhat satisfying because of the act of hooking them up quickly at the top of the shaft area and they feel extremely comfortable now I've forgotten how many pairs of Parker's boots I have I think it's getting close to 11 or 12 and I have them in a variety of your 18 last year 602 last and their 602 M last in fact I think this might be my fourth boot in the 602 M from the Spanish factory so putting them on is a very familiar feeling they feel like other Parkhurst boots the Hawin Dublin leather has a fairly firm temper so when I'm flexing my feet I'm getting a bit of heel lift but I think that's because the leather itself is still fairly firm as is the Ben's leather midsole as that breaks in in like my other Parkhurst boots the heel slip almost disappears I'm also wearing dress socks with ease and they don't fill the boot out as much as it should if I'm wearing proper boot socks and the feel of the 602 M last in this leather is roomy there's no snugness other than the heel I'm feeling at the moment and the sort of mid area around here the toe box is roomy I like that I can kind of squiggle my toes which I like while the shaft is firmly laced up so I'm not slipping around very much it's reasonably flexible but as I said there is a bit of heel slip happening which I assume will go away which I believe will go away in terms of shock absorption there is good as any other Parkhurst model the studded sole that's proprietary to Parkhurst in in the Spanish factory I think is a slightly softer compound than regular day night and so feels like it's a little bit more shock absorbing and it is definitely grippier than then the hard rubber day night which I've slipped on on wet tiles in terms of comfort these are very comfortable the arch support is pretty darn good as our Parkhurst models perhaps I wouldn't mind a little bit more of a cut in here to give it a little bit more support but I can easily put in a an orthotic arch wedge to give me a little bit more support there I don't mind that so overall feel and comfort I think very good I would give this a good eight or nine out of ten right let's go on and summarize so there you are I hope you like my first impressions of the Parkhurst Allen boot in the natural Dublin leather which I've hankered after for quite a while and I'm I'm very glad to have got them very sturdy boot nice design very comfortable and I'm more than happy to put these on and under jeans or chinos or whatever which will work you know what to do if you like this video click on like and if you haven't subscribed click on subscribe and you can I think somewhere there's a little circle which you can click on screen to subscribe as well because if you subscribe you will be reminded by YouTube when I upload load more boot reviews so don't miss them until next time you guys take care of yourselves and I'll see you soon


What's up everyone, takedown here, welcome back to another video. Today we're going to be talking about if winter tires are worth buying. Let's get right into this. So if you guys remember a few years ago, I was working at Canadian Tire in the Automotive Parts and Service Departments. And at the end of things, it was mainly on the service side. Now during my time there, I did sell a ton of tires, especially during tire season. So in my opinion, I do have a little bit of tire knowledge. Now a good set of winter tires is going to cost around $500 or more plus install. Whenever you look online or you go into a tire shop and see what tires they do have available, if you see the sign that says starting at $500, that is the smallest tire size that that tire is made at. So your tire size is probably and usually a little bit bigger, so it is going to cost you a little bit more. So don't go into thinking that the sign says it's $500 for a set of four because chances are that is the smallest size made. And yours is going to be a lot bigger, so it's going to cost you a little bit more for your tires. Now whenever I was working at Canadian Tire, the one tire I always recommended for winter tires was the Goodyear Nordic. It just had the best ratings and the best traction in my opinion. Now those ones started around $600 or more, again, plus install. Now if you are thinking of getting winter tires, it is important that you get a set of four and not just two. While getting two tires will be cheaper, it's not really going to help you too much driving in the winter with only two winter tires on, compared to four winter tires on your vehicle. While there are still a lot of people that stick with all seasons, there's no question that winter tires perform better in the winter compared to all season tires. On snow, ice, and wet pavement, tires with winter tires will stop up to 40% shorter than tires with all season tires on them. Winter tires are designed to have better traction in winter weather conditions. They maximize the handling, stability, and the braking of your vehicle. Winter tires are also made out of a softer rubber compound which remains flexible in the colder winter temperatures, as opposed to all season tires where when it becomes cold outside and it's the winter temperatures, they remain stiff and you do lose a lot of your traction because of that. Now if you are getting winter tires, it is important that you do not run your tires all year round, because they are made out of the softer rubber compound running them in the warmer temperature months. It will wear down the tread of the tires a lot faster as opposed to if you were to switch them out every season and only use the winter tires in the winter. Now in Quebec it is actually the law and it is mandatory to put winter tires on your vehicle. They need to be on your vehicle by December 1st and they must stay on your vehicle until March 15th. Now here in Ontario and other provinces, it is not mandatory, but there is talk that that may change in the future, so in my opinion it is better to get into the routine of things now before they make it mandatory in the future, which will be causing a lot more headache down the line. On the plus side, if you do have winter tires, you can get a discount on your car insurance, which for myself is around 15% in savings. Now myself, I do own a truck and with every truck that I've owned, I always put Goodyear SRA tires on it. They are a mud and snow tire, so I do run them all year round. Now a lot of people are probably going to say that's contradicting what I said earlier with switching a winter tires. Whenever it comes to trucks, you don't necessarily need to switch out your tires. Now you can have all season tires for the warmer months and put winter tires on in the winter months, but you can also run all year round mud and snow tires because they give you a lot more traction. They're meant for driving the mud and snow and you can run them all year round. With that, because they do have the snowflake on the side, I can still get the discount with my car insurance as well. So if you are having a truck, I simply recommend sticking with mud and snow tires, but if you have a car or SUV, you cannot usually run the mud and snow tires, so it's recommended that you get a good pair of all seasons for the warmer months and you get a good pair of or a good set of winter tires for the winter months. Now one question whenever I went to Canadian Tire that I always got was if my car or my vehicle has four-wheel drive, do I need winter tires? Absolutely yes. Just because your vehicle has four-wheel drive, it's not really going to add any traction or anything else if you don't have the right tires on your vehicle. So even if you have a four-wheel drive like myself, I do recommend having a winter graded tire on your vehicle because that is definitely going to help you in the winter whenever it comes to driving compared to all seasons which aren't going to give you too much traction. So in my opinion, are winter tires worth it? Absolutely yes.  Not only could you damage your rims but you can also wear the tires a lot more. If you do have a separate set of rims then just switching them out is a little bit cheaper but you do have that cost of an extra set of rims that you do have to purchase. If you don't want to go with just winter tires I do recommend at least getting a good winter rated tire and to know if it's rated for the winter it will have that snowflake on the side of the tire to let you know it's rated for the winter. Hope this has answered a lot of your questions and I'll leave this here. If there's any other questions leave them down in the comments and I'll see you guys in the next video. Please take care. Peace.


Currently, I'm coordinating a study whose aim is to investigate the immunological markers that are associated with protection against COVID-19 in Malawi adults. We know that about 80% of the individuals that will be exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus will either remain asymptomatic or develop a marked form of the disease. What we want to find out is whether just exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus induces an immune response that is significant to prevent these infiduos for reinfection in the future. COVID-19 has changed the lifestyle of many Malawians. We've seen a lot of people working from home, but also people changing the way they conduct social gatherings, such as weddings. This work is of particular importance in non-mino-income settings like Malawi, where it has been hard to enforce some of the preventative measures. We hope that the knowledge gained from this study will contribute to the easing of public health measures, such as social distancing. But we also want to validate serological-based tests for SARS-CoV-2. I would define success against COVID-19 as a point where we have controlled the global cases and mortality, but also the development of a vaccine that is able to protect individuals from COVID-19.


We are living behind us a year of unprecedentedly challenges. I highly appreciate the strong support FAO received from members and key partners throughout the past 12 months. We are starting 2021 with a more dynamic, inclusive and efficient FAO that is closer to its members. It involves digital organizations that are ready to deliver more and better in the new normal. Thanks to the discipline of all employees and their families, we have managed to weather the health crisis and keep a low rate of infection at FAO. I salute all FAO colleagues for their dedication and hard work in the past year. And I wish all of you to have a healthy and happy New Year. Happy New Year! Happy New Year! Happy New Year! Happy New Year! Happy New Year, my best wishes of good health to you and your family. Happy New Year and good health! Happy New Year, wishing you all a healthy 2021. Buonané! Me llervo por la milvantera. Happy New Year to everyone. Here's to a wonderful 2021. Buonané! Just to wish you a Happy New Year for 2021 and wishing you the best. Feliz año para todos para el 2021 y espero que la pasen de lo mejor. So, Happy New Year for everybody and wishing you all the best. Kullu amin wa entum be'el sufrim. Happy New Year! Feliz ano nuevo!


So while Mr. Arjun Pandit is singing sweet-sweet Anu Malik songs on ESPN's IPL show, he's made me take the entire blame for our lack of engagement with those of you who have been watching and commenting on YouTube. So thanks for getting in the conversation and by way of apology, maybe I accept this proposition. For our next episode, why don't you guys come up with a topic that you want us to talk about and we'll try and hook up the right people to get in that conversation and maybe give you what you're looking for. The other key concern was while putting this up that no one will comment. If that happens, may you all face the wrath of Thanos. See you tomorrow.


Hey folks, Adam DuPay here and we're gonna be today we're gonna be playing through the Poneable.kr And this is going to be a live hack So we're gonna I'm gonna be working on the input challenge and this is actually something that I haven't solved yet So this isn't a walkthrough necessarily. It's more of a me trying to live hack through a challenge So let's see how this goes So when we SSH to the machine we can see so we're SSH-ing input to at Poneable.kr The important thing that it tells us is mom how can I pass my input to a computer program? So presumably this challenge is gonna have to deal with how we pass in input to a process So if we look So we have here we have our program And it says welcome to Poneable.kr Let's see if you know how to give input to a program. Just give me correct inputs Then you will get the flag. So it seems pretty straightforward. So I've already copied down the source code to the machine So let's look at it here. So We can look through this so this is the C code we can see this message that we just saw printed out We the first check if argc is not equal to a hundred return zero So this means that we have to execute this program passing in argc as The value there as so we need to pass in so remember the first argument to argv is typically The name of the program to execute. So that's argv zero And so we'll need to pass in 99 arguments Let's see other interesting things if string compare argv a is If that's Zero then return zero. So this is interesting. So they're indexing into the argv vector using a character So that will presumably Let's open up a new terminal here. So going into the terminal here man ASCII So if we look the character of a so I don't remember I don't memorize these things these tables So I always have to look them up. So we have a so a is going to be decimal 65 so at the So it's a zero index. So at the zero index sixty-fifth index. We need to make sure that that is equal to a Null byte so it's remember. This is a string like Containing null. So this would be a string of length zero. So this is interesting Then the next string compare string compare argv be so this will be one right after the a needs to be 20 zero a zero d Why is this interesting? Well, 20 is a space zero a is a new line and zero d I believe is a line feed, but we can check that very quickly. It's a carriage return. So it's a slash r So it's a slash n and a slash r So now we go back and say stage one clear, okay That actually seems like that should be very easy to pass and we should be able to do this just from Passing in input so we could actually do this just on the command line So and we can see there's actually helpful comments here So this is about manipulating input in terms of argv and here this next one It looks like in terms of standard IO. So standard input output. So we can see there's a character buffer of size four allocated on the stack. It's reading from File descriptors zero. So if we remember this is actually passing in This is interesting So it's past so it's reading from standard input into the buffer and it's reading in four bytes And it's checking to make sure that those bytes are zero zero zero a zero zero ff And if it's not then return zero so that's is ensuring that the standard input to the program is this Now another interesting thing is now it's reading from file descriptor to the buffer and It is calling memcomp on that to compare that to zero zero zero a zero two ff For return zero so it's gonna say print stage two clear So this is an interesting check because it's reading from what is traditionally remember zero is standard input One is standard output and two is standard error. So standard error is usually something you write out to but here It's reading from that. So we're gonna have to manipulate this so that it can actually read from standard input And then here we have the environment. So now it's reading from the environment variables.  So get read in the environment variables this value So we have to be able to manipulate the environment to include these parameters And of course the trick here is that these are not ASCII characters. So this is gonna be something that will have to create The next stage here Interesting. So the next stage here is a file. So open up a file Which whose file name is a new line character and read that file and then Read four bytes from that file into buffer that same buffer again and check is that buffer all zero So we'll need to create a file with the name zero x with the name of a new line character and Inside that file. We need to put four zeros. So this is actually pretty interesting to pass stage four and Finally here we have our network. So we have a network section and So here it's gonna Create a socket It's going to use. Let's see our VC. So the one after so we do ABC. It's gonna do our VC It's going to set that equal to the port. So it's gonna listen on this specific port and What is it gonna do? It's gonna listen there. It's gonna accept It's gonna receive four bytes. We need to send it D E A D B E E F And if we get that then it should be stage five clear I'd have to look up Exact I'm gonna guess off the batch that this is going to be a TCP Packet one one thing we could do is just rip out this code into a C file Compile it execute it and see what it does to see what kind of socket it's listening on but I'm gonna go ahead and guess that it is going to create a TCP socket if not, we can easily change that for new VP and then it will output us the flag So it's gonna call system slash bin slash cat flag alright, so how do we do this so My initial instinct here is to always maybe create like a Python program or a bash script that will set up the environment here But one thing I'm worried about is how to set Environment variables that are arbitrarily named like this. So this is something that we can easily do With a C program by calling. So an important thing that we're gonna do is man Exact Vee so exact Vee is the system call and this is how you actually execute another program And this is what when you're typing in bash or any other shell. This is actually what gets called So here we have exact Vee. We can pass in the file name that we want to execute We know exactly what the file name is we can create an argv vector and Here we know we have to pass it a hundred variables an array of a hundred and we'll need to construct an environment pointer that has what we want in there and So we should be able to Execute this and so that way we can call this Program passing in the exact arguments that we need So this should be good. So we're gonna go with that because we should be able to Create all of these values. So we should be able to create the argv. We should be able to Manipulate the standard input and standard output so we could pass in variables to standard in and standard out The environment pointer that should be easy we'll construct in the environment pointer to deal with that and We should be able to actually just use this to create this file this new line file So we'll basically use the reverse code here. So with that we've got to start Executing so let's do Create a solution.c file I'm going to Rip these headers. So rather than thinking about what headers I need. I'm just gonna use exactly what these people need That's that There we go. I will also need because I know I'm gonna call exact Vee So again, I always love love love using the man page Because it's going to tell me hey look, this is the header that you need in order to call this program so here I have this now I'm going to Do you do my int main in argc character pointer pointer argv And I actually don't care about the environment for this guy. So that should be fine So this is going to so basically what I'm going to do is Create essentially a new arg New argv vector. I will eventually need a new Envp Envp pointer Because at the end of this what I'm going to do I'm a call Exact Vee now, what do I actually want to execute? So It is called input. So Let's call it. So this will need actually the full path And so because I want to test it first Let's do Because I have it here so I can run this Program locally So here I have input. So this is actually a ridiculous path, but let's use it anyways So a key thing and let's make this a character pointer path We'll call it executable and slash input And that's the way I can change it when I copy and paste this to the actual source code to the server I can change this to whatever I want. So now I have my exact Vee EXE and now I'm to pass a new argv and new Envp So exact Vee what that's going to do. That's a Linux system call It's going to completely replace this process by executing the other process. So I urge you to look at how The process works how this exact Vee thing works and look at system calls and how they're implemented. So And basically what I'm going to do is I'm going to try to create this program exactly as if What I would what this program is looking for so I'm going to have an argv section to set up argv properly standard IO slash fd file descriptors create the environment correctly create the file and Network I'm going to put a question mark here because I think I'll be able to do this from another process So because I know it's going to wait for this so I could just create From another process I can connect there and then I can Pass the parameters that I need the input to pass this network check So I don't necessarily know that I want to do this Excuse me in this C code. All right So one thing that we can get off right off the bat and we can be And if we go back to the man page We should be able to see that these are So here it says environment argv is an array of argument strings past the program by convention the first of these strings should contain the Founding associated with the file being executed Environment pointer is an array of strings conventionally of the form key equals value Which are passed as environment to the new program both argv and environment pointer must be terminated by a null pointer So this means a null pointer. So this is going to be I'm going to set this to a basically an array Of I need to figure out how I want to do this. So the environment pointer I really only need one of and this is where My syntax is going to come in handy or Going to be messed up. So you want one more than you actually have So I can set environment pointer zero is going to be equal to and I know that I'm just going to pull it up here input.c I Know that I want So what I want in my environment pointer is I want this value is equal to this and I don't want that So that's going to be the first key value pair in my environment pointer And I actually don't want anything else in my environment pointer so environment pointer one is going to be null and That should pass that check once we get there At this point, I'm going to compile this to make sure I'm on the right path I'm not quite sure about my syntax here. So I like to compile as I'm going gcc pollution.c And what happened? So we can actually call s trace to see it calling let's see Exec v e with this file null and with one variable. So a environment pointer that contains one variable So that's awesome. So we saw that that works Good. So my syntax did work there. So now we know what do I need for this? I need space for Well, I need the argc to be a hundred. So I actually need to pass in a hundred and one remember if I come up here argc is Not equal to a hundred So I need to pass in a hundred values, which means my I need to I Will need to what I'm going to do is let's say to set this up Yeah, I equals zero I less than A hundred I plus plus is going to loop over all of them basically what I'm going to first do is just initialize everything to the I'm going to initialize everything to the empty string. So I'm going to say new argv one argvi is equal to the empty string and Then I'm going to say new argv 100 is equal to No, so this will set the last element in the array equal to null and let's see does this check out It's gonna be a hundred. So I will never be a hundred. Yes. So the first Zero through 99 will be set to the empty string Now I can actually just make sure that I Can do exactly what they're doing here So I actually don't need to know where exactly this is all that I care about is that It's going to be set to the correct values so if I do this correctly and We know from looking at you know, I already need to set I Need to set this to some port. So let's do 8080 just a random port Now I can actually test test this because I have if I'm correct and I did this correctly I will get to this printf stage one clear. So if I go here I should be able to you always got to compile this. Sometimes that bites me but Stage one clear great. So we passed a hundred arguments there And we actually know what is it waiting for here? Well, it's waiting for reading in from standard input so we want to be able to now Change the standard input that we're going to pass to this program. So the next step is to get past this There's a couple of arguments here. I think maybe an easy one is going to be Basically change standard input for this executing program to read from a file So what we'll do in our solution is we will write out a file that has these bytes four bytes 000 a 0 0 ff And then what we'll do is we will redirect the standard input of these exe ve Program so that it's thinking that standard input the file descriptor zero is that program And then so I'm gonna have to actually dig into and figure out how to do that It's been a while since I've played with it's probably in the dupe family of keywords. So that should be fun. So But I have to go for a second. So I will be right back All right, so now what we want to do is we want to create The bypass this check of the program. So here we're going to need to Create two files and in this directory And what we're going to do is put these contents in those files four bytes into those files and then we are going to Change the file descriptor so that file descriptor zero reads from that file and the other file descriptor So we'll need two file descriptors int new standard in Equals open And I'm going to need to look at the man pages for this because I definitely don't remember how to do all this in c Uh, I will need a different section of the man page to There we go flags. So And let's make sure we include these files. They may already be included, but hey It doesn't hurt to actually include these all right good, so int Open we want the path name to be uh dot slash Well, it's called first. It doesn't really matter Flags though, we're going to want to Look at the flags. Ah, we want to write only we're going to write out this file.  So we're going to do man open to write We are going to write out. So this is going to be pretty easy We're going to do exactly what the opposite of what's being happened in here. So we're going to call Write to this file descriptor new standard in The buffer so we're going to want these bytes and it's super easy if we just copy these exact bytes That will make it the easiest and we're going to write four bytes Into that file descriptor great Int new standard air open dot slash second Again Actually now that I think about it, we'll probably want to change the Change how we open we may now that I think about it We're probably going to want to seek on these files because after we write the file descriptor We'll be at the essentially the fourth or fifth bit. So we're going to want to Yeah, I think we're going to want to seek because our child is going to want to read from it So if we can't we don't open up these files and file descriptors so that we can read from it We're going to have a bad time So now let's write to New standard error that I add that in here I don't know but let's check this Write that those four bytes to that new standard error file, which will be second And then I think I'm right about the seek I think it's called f seek. No, okay. Well, let's just look for seek See if there's just a seek function F seek. Okay f seek. So we want to Man to open So, aha, here we say read write l seek. So there we go. That's what we Need to do So l seek reposition So what was tripping me up and throwing me off is that f seek includes a file pointer and here all we have is a A file descriptor and integer. So these aren't the same thing. So we want to make sure we're using the right file. So Uh l seek new standard in to offset zero What in the world is this wence parameter l seek function repositions the offset of the open file associated with file script fd to the argument offset according to the director Wentz as follows seek set the offset is set current Oh, so you can seek based on the start of the file like set it to us like absolute um File location you can set it based on an offset. So here we want to make sure so it's important to read the documentation l seek new standard error zero seek set. Good. So now those are seeked. So now I need to figure out how I want to Duplicate so the idea is How I can So now I need to read this code and figure out how I can get The file descriptor set up properly so that I can Make sure that standard input is now reading from this file and standard output is Standard error is reading from this other file descriptor And I have not done this before so Let's dive in So this may involve some googling and I think I'm just going to record this just so you can see kind of what the process is like Dupe two so okay, so dupe just gives us a Creates a copy of the file descriptor dupe two For the same task dupe instead of using the lowest numbered unused file descriptor It uses the descriptor number specified in a new fd The descriptor new fd was previously opened. It is silently closed before we use. Oh cool. So Atomically requirement functions race conditions So I think I can just use So I think I can call dupe two With the old Creates a copy okay, so the old file descriptor so I want new standard in so this So this is my new file descriptor Let's see. I want to Huh, this is interesting. So it's going to happen when it outputs those bytes I guess we shall find out so dupe two This is gonna be new standard input and I want it to be zero. So I want standard input to be From there So now this should duplicate. So this new standard input should be standard should now be file descriptor zero um So it's going to close it before reusing it And then we're going to do another dupe two. We're going to want our new standard error to be file descriptor two And now we know that this if this compiles, we know that this should work. So if we see or If maybe we actually may not see it it may go to that file that we just created first We may see this stage too clear. So let's try this and see what happens and we may need to debug it if Something goes wrong. So Compiles fine without errors always a big shock when that happens stage one clear And let's look at So those files did not get created. That's interesting. Let's see Solution dot c All f open I didn't close those files, but that's because I don't want to close those file descriptors um Can I write files here? Yeah Okay, let's create these files and see what happens. So first and second I shouldn't need to do this, but let's do it anyways. Well That's awesome. Okay, so it looks like so we can see that part of the problem is um That we did not create those files first. So that means this is actually going to fail when we When we try to do things so what we should be doing here So we actually saw that we passed stage one stage two and stage three so stage three was the environment pointer So that means that's good. We set up all that stuff correctly. That's awesome Um, now we just want to make sure that we actually create these files So how can I just I want o create if file does not exist it will be created So this is the mode that I want so i'm going to or that or that And now we can see I don't have those files compile Boom stage one stage two stage three clear. So that is awesome So then stage four is this file descriptor. So we need to create this file and again, this is going to be actually pretty easy and straightforward what we're going to do is just do exactly what we did before so we um Going to open this file. We're going to call it x0a I think that'll work. We'll see what happens That's going to be annoying to have that file there. But hey, we will do the best we can And what we're going to do is the same thing Uh, of course, I don't want to call this new standard in because that's going to mess may mess things up. So this would be We'll call this new line because it's a new line file. So we're going to write out to new line This buffer four bytes And i'm going to call close Yeah, so close that file descriptor All right, so we should be able to get past that. Let's Gcc it That's interesting. Why did that not work? Oh weird interesting. Look at the permissions for second. The permissions are nothing there I have no idea why those permissions are getting set like that I just deleted that file. Okay scp The actual program good so that comes back to us Um, so even the first is not That is very interesting Oh, I wonder if we can Let's find the mode. So let's add that there. Let's see the argument flags Let's complete that. Okay, but what about It doesn't say with the mode parameter. There we go mode specifies the mode to is creating a file So I can must be polite but Oh, interesting. So it's just reusing so that's um Okay, so these are just unix permissions. So these would be really easy So interesting so basically from this create I bet it's the reason why those things are different is because it's using the value on the stack And so they're just using whatever was there And we will be super generous and just give everyone permissions to these files There's the other open 0777 Sweet All right, and now the problem is I have this Yeah, I have this now I have this file this new line file there that has bad permissions Uh, let's just Yeah, so the problem is now we have first and second are quite correct, but Hey, I think we'll maybe take what we can get Maybe I need zero permissions or funny. Let's try that second First second. Nope that didn't change anything. Okay. Well That's strange. We'll just go to that for now Looks like some of the permissions are getting set correctly. So that's good The problem is now I have this new line file. So Uh, yes, so I want to delete this file now. So first I need to unlink this file Uh, and that should delete it There we go. So I got stage one, stage two, stage three and stage four clear And since we actually passed stage four, we're actually know we're on the network So that means we can actually use netstat here to see netstat n l t so if listening tcp We can see so we're listening on port 8080. We know it's tcp So now we can actually just say echo Or Let's use python to be a little bit nice. So python-c print Da da da this We're going to pass that to netcat localhost 8080 Stage five clear. So now we should get the flag Awesome. So here's the here's the thing. We don't have a um So we can actually get rid of this unlink business here because we don't need that anymore Although I'll have to run this to get that file out of the way. So the solution.c We should be able to run this. So what I'm going to do I'm going to There's a lot of people have found the wall command Maybe I'll find something to tell people about how to do this. So Let's go into our own directory Ah So I'm just going to this is a poor man's copy paste. So we're going to copy paste this here We're going to run fin on this solution Remember we need to change this exe value so that the proper thing gets It's input here. So I believe we are in Slash home slash input two slash input Um, and the other thing we have to think about is That's fine. I don't care about what I have in info file The other thing we need to think about is when we cat It's going to call bin cat flag and remember all these files that we're creating are in our local directory um So I'm going to have to actually ssh there so I can properly Get that input. So let's do Uh ssh input two. So now I have two shells here. So the problem is we're going to cat out Once we get this correctly, it's going to use the current working directory to find flag So it's going to do bin cat flag. Of course, the problem is there is no flag So what we can do is create a symbolic link Uh to home input to flag Call it flag and now when we try to Uh slash bin slash cat flag Of course, we can't do this because we don't have permissions, but The executable that we're going to execute will have these permissions. So I can call gcc w all solution dot c And should be able to call a dot out we pass stage one stage two stage three stage four And then we'll go here and we will copy that same python Command that we had here go back to there There we go. So here should be our flag. Mommy. I learned how to pass various inputs in linux. Let's pass it into the flag parameter And it will tell us to log in first because it's been too long since I did this so I will log in Log in okay great input And there we go. That's how you solve this challenge. So hopefully this was helpful in Understanding how to think about these types of challenges. So that was a lot of fun and I'll see you next time