So many people have been speaking about the climate crisis. So many things have been put on paper. But the real question is why is it that we're still not acting at the scale and speed that is necessary? The extreme weather events that the scientists have long connected to the climate crisis are becoming far more frequent and far more destructive. For 150 years we've built up a world based on the assumption that we can exploit the planet for free and it translates to very dramatic impacts happening right as we speak. The climate crisis is the threat multiplier which means it exacerbates existing inequities in our society. The impacts are felt most deeply by Black, Indigenous and communities of colour. We're living through an explosion of inequality. We need to remember we're on the same planet and this is the planet that we need to make sustainable for the whole of humanity. Climate change is impacting food security as well as political stability in many nations around the world. Five years ago there were 80 million people marching towards starvation. That number jumped to 135 million. What caused the jump? It was man-made conflict like in Ukraine compounded with climate shocks. No one is as vulnerable to climate change as farmers are. If you talk transformation the first thing they want to know is what must I do on my farm? We know that in this transition we require a fast adoption of a lot of new technologies and the question today is how to find the appropriate way to finance this technology. To put a number around it it's an extra of two and a half to three trillion dollars a year of additional finance that we have to find in order to get those emissions down. Financial institutions have a lot of roles to play to bring the advice and provide the financing to make these transitions happen. Younger generations are demanding a sense of purpose. They want to look at companies and say I am investing with you all for this reason. With the upcoming two cops taking place in Africa and the Middle East we have this tremendous opportunity to put emerging markets at the forefront of our collective response to climate change. For international trade has to be part of the solution. How do we all get together to talk about a global carbon price that can guide us and help us to decarbonize the world? The solutions are there. What we need is governments to regulate, to invest and we need business to act with values. History will look at us, people, politicians, corporate leaders. These times require not only solutions but speed. There is nowhere else to look than the mirror. We are the ones that need to do this. Greetings. I'm Stephanie Ruhl with NBC News. I am so excited to be part of this conversation about the future of work. Work our labor markets in both developed and developing countries is such an important subject right now. We talk so much about a post-COVID world, a labor shift, a labor shortage but most importantly how do we skill and prepare people around the world for the jobs of tomorrow? I'm joined this morning by a very exciting group, Sharon Burrow, Secretary General of the International Trade Union, Allen Blue, co-founder of LinkedIn which right now in your inbox is probably notifying you of a great job opportunity letting you know about a college friend that has a much better job than you ever thought they would get and Isayaki Adekoba who is the CEO of Recruit Holdings, a platform that connects users and business clients specifically in the areas of life events and lifestyle and I would say I'm most excited to talk to him about a group he's involved in, the Reskilling Revolution Champions. Welcome. I'm so excited to speak to you all this morning.  So I want to start by just getting your thoughts, general thoughts, what are labor markets like right now, trends? Sharon? Well you have to get under the figures, if you're really depressed it says that we're in a period of incredible luxury for workers and very difficult times for employers trying to find work but our global polling shows that 66% of people know of someone who's lost hours or jobs, in fact almost 50% of people have actually lost hours, working hours and they're worried about getting a job, a decent job for their children. So you must get under the figures. We have to return to a concept of full employment where central banks pick up their responsibilities for things like climate action and employment systematically. So putting people at the heart of Reskilling, people at the heart of actually having decent work which is underpinned by rights and of course universal social protection. With all the global shocks you're seeing then we have no resilience because more than 60% of the world's people have little or no social protection. So they lose a job, they get sick, affected with COVID or other health problems or they have an accident or there's some shock that simply makes them unable to work, they have nothing to survive on.  Exactly, well you're talking about an American labor market which I'd hasten to add is even more broken than some of the other developed countries, but if I give you a sense of the global environment then we have 60% of workers now working informally. No rights, no minimum wage, no rule of law, no social protection and of the 40% you have workers like that who actually have insecure or indeed extremely exploitative work where the norms of time, some control over time, decent wages are simply not there and that's why you're seeing strikes all across the world because workers are saying we've gone through despair, we're angry and now we want to do something about it. Alan, what trends are you seeing? Well I can speak a little bit to the white collar view of this. I mean LinkedIn, it's a company we serve primarily white collar workers and we have 850 million professionals from whom we derive insights about how the labor market is actually working. For us in the white collar world there are three big questions. It's how you work, where you work and why you work. So how you work- Are the answers so different today than what they were three years ago? They actually are different. So how you work, the world of hybrid work and remote work has become, I wouldn't quite say the norm, but it's become dominant in the way people are using LinkedIn. So for instance, before the pandemic we had only about, we had a very small number of jobs which were remote, now we have one in six are remote and the jobs that people apply to the most, more than 50% of our applications go to those remote jobs. I would just about say if one in six are remote jobs, is it six out of six people are looking for remote jobs? Three out of six. So then the question of where we work. So as the pandemic struck, people moved out of big cities, big expensive places to live and now have just begun returning to those places. Just as rents are sky high. Just as rents are sky high, indeed. And then the why, the question of work-life balance and the question of working for an employer whose values match yours have become and something that many people who are looking for jobs consider before even talking into a potential employer. So it is a different space now and we'll see how it changes the next three years. Is that the biggest change that you've seen thinking about the tenure of LinkedIn and looking at employers and employees for years? Let's be honest. We've heard people talking about, I'm looking to work for a company that represents my values but for a long time that just sounded like a saying or you'd see it in the values of a lobby of a building. But in the last three years, is that when you've really seen that change? Definitely really seen that change and it's being led by what we call Gen Z so employees who are 25 years old or younger are people who are really demanding that they know more about where an employer stands in order to be able to make a decision around work. That's not the only thing which makes them different but certainly in this case and employers are responding. Employers are responding by not only talking more about the things they believe but actually understanding that to attract the employees they want they need to actually change the things they do inside. And the reason is employees are actually not tolerant of whitewashing these things or greenwashing these things in the world of climate like they may have been in the past. What trends are you seeing? Yeah we are recruit. We're serving roughly 300 million job seekers every month through our services like indie.com or grassdoor.com. And what we are seeing right now is the huge there's a huge gap between white-collar jobs and blue-collar jobs and also the developed countries and the developing countries grow very. And for example in the U.S. the labor market is very very tight. We still have I know everybody is talking about the next recession but you know right now we have 11 million open jobs in the U.S. Why is that? Because we don't have enough supply of labor force. This is our you know I think probably for human being this is our first time to see this kind of less labor force supply to the market. And we will have less supply of labor force for the next 10 20 years. For example in Japan we have like literally from 2010 to 2012 2022 today 4.5 percent less prime age working force population. So and also when we think about the skilled labor force which is like in the U.S. like baby boomers you know there are so many great car technicians or you know nurses they are retiring and we don't have enough pipeline to supply to fill these people who retired. So I think right now what we are seeing is the labor market in developed countries are still very tight and it will take time to to cool down inflation because again we still have 11 million open jobs. In 2008 it took 18 months to drop down the unemployed open number of open jobs from 4.5 million to 2.2 million. It took 18 months. What's going to start to solve for it though if they're simply not enough humans to fill these jobs 18 months isn't going to do anything. Yeah so I just I just think it takes time to cool down wage inflation and general inflation right now. Of course you know I don't think it's there's a great solution to reskill retrain younger age you know workforce within 18 months in developed countries. I have to say that's the world that you two live in but first of all if you look at the IMF figures this week even in this country the unemployment rates are going to go up. Why? Because of the dominant way that many they call them dominant companies actually pay wages. They borrow money, credit overdrafts etc to pay wages and now you've got inflationary spirals and you can already see in most developed countries the trend for unemployment going up. We're in a period of stagflation this has nothing to do with wage inflation that's an old economic argument that's actually a vicious attack on the economy because if growth actually is lower than inflation then you not only have stagflation you risk recession and that does mean that again even in the environments you're talking about unemployment rates will go up but if you look at the rest of the world you know we've got migrant workers millions of migrant workers everywhere and while there are capacity for soaking up some of that in many many countries whether it's culturally cultural rejection of migrants it's causing the labor market to climb whether it's lack of skills there are more than enough people who are desperate for work who simply can't get a job so from a global perspective I understand the figures and I know the slice of the market you're looking at in terms of recruitment but that's not our reality far from it or they can't get jobs in the places where there are jobs available so how does one start to solve for that where you're talking about well I can tell you in the late 80s and 90s this tells you how old I am we used to work for productivity gains with employers that actually meant you got and we invested those gained through upskilling workers to get the productivity reinvested them in areas of structured training I hear people Alan I've had this conversation but I hear people talking about lifelong learning we were talking about that in the 90s I sat on the Australian tripartite skills council until 2010 when I left the country there is no planning for skills systematically in in lots of companies today because they want to take in companies or countries no companies because they want a ready-made workforce they're learning that that's not the case but at that higher skilled level I can tell you the conversations you must have them you must have them with CEOs that say we can't get skilled workers and I say train them that's a luxury you can solve and that's why the wefts re-skilling champions champions we're all champions of the re-skilling revolution and that's why because we do have to invest in skills but we must also be honest about where there's simply no jobs for workers and the supply chain disasters of today really provide for dehumanizing exploitation of work that has to change I want to talk about that companies skilling workers or potential workers because even in the last five years we've started to see with some of larger companies Salesforce for example IBM Google really building massive skills training programs for people who aren't even employed by them yet so companies as you might expect and as you know are driven by the current most deeply felt pressures on that company and if you are running a technology organization where basically you're trying to build software you have faced a shortage of workers for the past 15 20 years and during that time you have considered alternatives that maybe people in manufacturing might not have considered because training is the training your own workers is the only way to build the supply of people you need in order to be able to build the software so you consider things like how do we publish our courses online how do we do online certifications how do we bring people from all around the world technology companies because they have faced this deficit for so long are considering this and that's true right now because as you were saying we have a basically a labor shortage in this particular kind of job these more easily skilled jobs so companies are embracing training now the question is in three years we don't really know I think in technology the deficit will still be there but in other places will the company still be feeling the pressure to build their own there is for as worth one I think highlight in the future if we want to call it that it has to do with climate change and preparing companies to manage the transition to sustainability for the most part that is not going to come by the creation of a gigantic number of new types of jobs what it's going to come from is retraining the people who are currently doing jobs because when we look at green skills and we've done a bunch of skills to have jobs change over time is work we've done with the forum what happens is eight of its skill mix will change so the basic skills are needed to complete that job so if you are a supply chain manager right now the supply chain manager you need to be in five years is going to have 10 more things you need to know how to do and 10 things you no longer do so those transformations in each job are transitions that companies need to help their employees make and that's going to be a widespread because almost every company is going to have to make substantial shifts in order to be able to address sustainability and part of the issue is that blue collar white collar I've seen this shift twice in big systemic shifts in my working lifetime once was in the 90s when I had previously been a teacher and people kept telling us that the era of knowledge was here the big tech booms were on we're all going to be knowledge workers there'd be no more blue we used to say wait just wait aren't you going to graft new skills onto the existing workforce because it's still the same industry which is exactly what happened and now Alan's right but if you take clean steel for example company like ssab in sweden where my own deputy president became a senior advisor because we were working with the company to transition because of climate and they won't have less jobs i'll have more jobs but it's in the fuel mix that is actually no longer based on carbon but on hydrogen and so you've got that different skill set but it is Alan's right it's 30 you go from things like combustion engines combustion generators for coal powered power stations to actually you know solar thermal solar engines it's again a tweak and then some are very different skills so it is about building that just transition we call it where you protect and grow jobs and our challenges to the fossil fuel industry because they have the capex the asset base the the technology and the workforce but they are not shifting fast enough to stabilize the planet and they could do it by protecting their current workforce and retraining them so these are the challenges we say every industry has to transition and that means it's not just grain skills it's that using cleaner technologies are we not making these transitions simply because we live in a world politically socially economically in a world of short-termism where these type of solutions this reinvestment is about long-term goals and if you look at your average CEO out there of a fortune 500 company or a small business they can't work with long-term goals because they have got to focus on quarterly results that is a great point i think for example like most of developed countries are having like less immigrant workers we know that when we think about the labor shortage right now in many countries like in the u.s like in 2015 we had more than one million surplus of immigrants and 2021 last year we had 270,000 surplus of immigration and and as you said like we need to train them to be the the next you know great workers and and i i think of course the like the technology engineering type of skills we we need to train people but also for example like healthcare workers or construction workers or car technicians which now it requires you know to fix electric vehicles and or like you know like these basic physical like you know jobs maybe you can say like blue-collar jobs but we still need a lot of essential workers we realized in the COVID-19 situation we need it but we kind of forgot to train them to to feed these people to be the next generation to support our society so i think we you're right i think we all CEOs need to have a long-term view to to keep the society to be a better place is immigration reform the clearest way to unlock this not that it's a solve but when you talk about supply and demand there are a whole lot of people that we're simply not letting in the country right now that is really difficult topic for probably all politicians i don't want to touch too much about that but for example not only in the u.s like u k in Australia everywhere yeah and and you know we can't solve the refugee migrant demand now because of our cultural pushback in many countries and yet look at Pakistan you know you go next door Bangladesh has got 30 million people less than half a meter above sea level you know the climate refugees that could reach a hundred million by 2050 or 60 what are we going to do and yet they're the global workforce and they're human beings and we have to get over this xenophobic view that somehow one group of people's okay and another group isn't you know i see very generous people and the ukraine refugees getting refugees out of afghanistan part of my role people have been very generous but there's a short termism in that generosity and then the old myth comes back that they're stealing our jobs and so on which is economically nonsense but it is that fear that lies there and it's a fear of not having a good job your child not having a good job so we have to reset the way we think about it and i'm thinking about kaizen i don't know if you're if you remember the japanese philosophy but go back to the great revolution in japan industrial revolution in japan after world war two they used to have right up until about the 80s a philosophy of kaizen where they trained every one of their workers constantly they might only use 20 of the skills but they figured that they were investing because that 20 gave them the industrial edge and we've got to do that now with the augmented workforce which the wef is really on top of with ceo's because again those technicians who fix your car your electric vehicle are going to be computer technicians more than they are mechanics then do we need to revisit what we define as a good job because just a moment ago when you were talking about your life as a teacher this idea that we're not going to have blue collar jobs anymore right around that time is when we saw vocational training vocational schools really get wiped out and this huge focus only on higher learning and now we have scores of people taking six or eight years to get out of community colleges with degrees that don't align with the jobs of today or jobs of tomorrow so do we need to really think about what is a good job what are the skills we need for that good job and maybe even dispel this notion that without a college degree there's no job out there for you because there are a lot of jobs so it's some of the work that the wef has been doing and that we've been working on the reskilling revolution and something that basically allows us to hopefully build a broadly adopted taxonomy of skills which allow greater visibility between education and employment so the wef has pulled that group together and a lot of people out there coming from all different directions who are trying to make that possible in order to close that gap we also need to think in this somewhat to Sharon's point about who those good jobs go to you know at linkedin we have spent a bunch of time thinking about equity in hiring we know for instance that the pandemic very substantially impacted women workers more than it did men and even though we've seen a rebound there we've seen more women founders and we're seeing you know a return to parity we've lost many years of progress towards equity in the workforce the question one of the questions for us is how do we make sure that even with the system that we have right now that it can be distributed more equitably across a broader number of people you've heard of the old story of the the orchestra which would basically only bring on men until they did their their interviews behind a curtain so they couldn't tell who was playing there's reality to a skills-based approach actually observing what skills a person has as a way of breaking down barriers around equity now there's more to it than that to be clear but if we have a taxonomy of skills that we can use and educators can actually pay attention to it and employers are taking advantage of that and making their hiring decisions based on what a person can do rather than where they come from or worse yet what they look like good jobs in fact all those jobs can be more broadly and equitably distributed but then here's a different challenge if you're going to focus on skills rather than who the person is what happens if now the employers are charged with giving employees their skills how do you recruit who do you recruit from so in terms of skills I think you know we're we started to distribute distribute more like online technology skill tests or online you know even interviews and there are a lot of small businesses growing they started to use our online tests and we have finished millions of millions of tests so far it will also feed the machine learning to to to automate some the test but I think when we think about the good job or good work I think we need to redefine the you know okay white color job technology jobs is a cool job or good jobs and blue color jobs are dirty and I don't want to do it I think that is probably wrong as I said like as a society we need a lot of essential workers to to to live a better life and you know we probably but then that's a psychological change that's a cultural change I think that both you know we need to uh evaluate these you know for example I was talking about the screw bus driver shortage problem in the US probably in the UK and many countries and we know okay screw bus driver jobs will be gone in I don't know 20 30 years you know automating driving car but haven't we been saying that for a while right pre-pandemic I can tell you we did all these stories on what are we going to do about the American bus driver that predominantly white uh non-college educated male who has made a career of being a long-haul truck driver his job is being taken away by robots as soon as the pandemic hit what was one of the first shortages we saw truck drivers we didn't have enough truck drivers so do we get ahead of ourselves or overly dramatic with this idea that these jobs are getting automated when we still see a huge demand for many of these traditional jobs and for as long as we can see they might not actually have a steering wheel but you're still going to need a person for safety for trust for passenger comfort etc in all of those circumstances on a manufacturing floor I again saw people get very excited about how it would be fantastic have totally automated workforces in many areas you know on the docks in factories etc it's still a thing of science fiction and it should probably be remaining there the the challenge is not are you going to use technology it is the technology good for your business and is it indeed suitable for human beings to interface with because it is I mean digitalization we call the tram tracks but in fact it's all of those technologies that workers have to use now to do their job so it's just part of the mix but you do need the skills and you need people to be more open to taking I mean most human beings can learn you just need to have that common you know kind of commitment to taking a worker and to training them and that's what I think we have to get back to you know yesterday I sat in a real live discussion on a board here in the UN with the UN Global Compact and we talked about the fact that workers particularly young workers come in they leave after a couple of years because they don't have a sense of security in an employment market so they are constantly looking for more security or more wages or whatever so the churn is because the jobs don't feel secure to individuals and somehow we have to get back to what Alan said what's the culture if it's in the technological field or wherever where workers will come they'll learn and they'll stay not forever but to make a serious contribution I think that now you know what we are working on is the workplace transparency that is very important what I'm saying is you know as you said you know one more payday off two more payday off is yeah they they shouldn't have it I think and but you know just 10 years ago when we you know had a indeed job listings just five percent of indeed job listings had some kind of solid information it was you know you need to apply to have interviews to know how much they want to pay that is extremely unfair right but now we pushed a little really hard and now almost 80 percent of job listings on indeed is having salary information and I think it's pushing you know and it's not only salary or pay transparency workplace transparency is very important how many you know what kind of benefit or you know how many payday off they're getting you know it's still so many employers you know they don't want to disclose it so I think transparency is very important thing for example on grass store we're sharing bunch of reviews about you know CEOs or work environment and bravra some employers didn't like it course not I get it as a CEO I don't want to get complaining but I think it's very important to be transparent as you know all leaders or CEOs or you know who's running the company and and again I was just talking about the US but when we think about the global there are so many countries still like you know 2012 10 years ago is you know US situation there's so many employers they don't want to disclose anything before buying people are buying jobs so I think the transparency is very powerful thing I really love that you brought that up because it takes us back to one of the first things you were talking about with those Gen Z workers and their demands because oftentimes we roll our eyes we complain about younger workers and and their demands we act as though my goodness they're unreasonable they're divas but when daco just walked through some of what these demands are my god they feel really basic please post approximately what the salary is please give me an idea what management is like what my actual benefits so so rather than just these demands is what we're seeing a shift where employees or potential employees are simply saying all of the power can't reside with the person who writes the paycheck isn't that a more equitable balance of power that would be good for everyone in the end well at linkedin we certainly think so I mean in a lot of ways the company was founded on this idea that there was actually a shift occurring in terms of the balance between the worker and the employer that that the worker was becoming more powerful in that equation um I want to highlight one one way that workers are already more powerful and then talk about how we might be able to make that last so um workers are clearly more powerful in the sense that because there is in for more information available um as these workers especially these Gen Z workers see it they demand that accountability that transparency from companies more and more often but companies are extremely rational um I would say most I mean I've rarely met a successful company one is actually able to continue over time that doesn't make good solid rational decisions not always the right ones but good rational decisions I find that for things like climate I think we got to give some companies some credit for the work they've actually been doing in this space part of it is driven by pressure that they feel so I remember talking four or five years ago to European energy producers who were coming to us and talking to us about the need to transform their workforce to be able to deploy hydrogen rather than deploy natural gas because they saw what was coming down the line they also felt pressure from regulators they're like hey regulators are out there they're going to put some pressure on me I've got to be ready with that but this is economic pressure because Gen Z kind of gets this this brand that it's just social do goody pressure what you're talking about is economic pressure these CEOs are facing so they can have sustainable businesses exactly they can get the cool kids to work there however um we have a kind of but we have a system where where you have workers who have a voiced differing volumes for different kinds of industries you've got companies and you've got government and regulation and sort of setting up the expectations for companies it is possible I believe for workers to be able to essentially say we need more help from regulation from government to be able to make sure that things like transparency become a reality when companies see that pressure actually appearing they will make rational decisions around regard regarding that that pressure um having gone through that now I agree with you it's not it's not a sure thing no no but I want that company and there are some let me you know I I'm a co-chair of the B team I work with very good employers but I can tell you when you're seeing here talking about that demographic I just have to say to you Starbucks you know ask ask any young worker who works at Starbucks and no amount of pressure they're on strike all across the country but what's Starbucks doing shutting branches rejecting any kind of collaboration at work decent wages whatever Amazon I'm sorry but we have the hugest problem for Amazon workers the rate of occult and safety the pressure on working time the targets that make it in humans so you hear all those stories about throwing packages over the fence it's not because the drivers are in humans because they've got targets to actually meet we do want what you say and we talk to our people about we have actual action days called Kapow climate and employment proof your workplace and the messages invite your CEO to indeed have a cup of tea come and talk to you work together to get the scale on climate change on decent work but I met a young man three days ago in a bagel shop and he's just started working for a major asset manager actually out of my country and he doesn't he's not even seen he's a new recruit at a high-skill level not even seen let alone met his manager his New York manager and I just think well that's not a human workforce in my view at least just a hello or welcome or something or leave a message on your desk if you're not there but he was happy to have the job but I don't think he saw it as somewhere where he could take himself to work and that's what we want to do 100 percent human at work because it's the workplace you two are talking about but it's so rare sadly in in a macro statistical but take us back to that bagel shop because that bagel shop today is having the hardest time they've ever had to find workers because in that town where that bagel shop is there might be an amazon distribution center there might be a walmart one and as we talk about those big companies optimizing their workers and and the jobs are getting harder and harder for those workers lower skilled workers would still rather shift to an amazon where they can start at $17 an hour and get benefits and know their schedule rather than in the service industry so how does this trickle down to those independent businesses those small businesses the pizzeria the dress shop in the same town where that amazon warehouse is that main street is going out of business fast absolutely and it's tragic because they aren't decent work jobs you know you don't have rights you don't have control over working hours you know you go to that bagel shop fantastic product but you know as i always have a bagel when i come to new york because it seems like it's a tradition you have to do but and pizza for lunch no no i can't go that far sorry and uh and so you know but you look at the work they do it's hard work it's harder work in terms of time pressure constant you know time on task than actually you know a mechanic that's sitting behind computer analyzing what's wrong with an electric engine it's just the reality so if you're going to get that three extra dollars and you're still going to be maltreated in many ways you're going to go get it of course how does all of this trickle down to the millions of small businesses who can't offer these things that the bigger companies while they're not ideal can it's bad that's the toughest question if i have a answer i would do it but uh it seems you know uh and on the other hand like like japan which is so regulated you can fire people that's you know right now they're having a lot of problem because they're still like it already like you know there's so many small businesses which is almost becoming to be like zombie type of situation with the you know government money so uh they the small businesses can exist but they cannot even increase the minimum wage uh because it's it's very tough to survive because no one wants to pay eight dollars for a bagel so on the other hand like us like okay capitalism okay go go go capitalism then you know as you said you know small businesses will be you know are being killed by like big enterprise type of companies which are paying more and uh i i you know i haven't found the great answer but probably there will be somewhere in the middle uh and i hope we can find it but if you regulate minimum wages on an evidence base about what people need to live it becomes the base of the economy and ironically you know Henry Ford said you know centuries ago decades ago but he said if you if your workers can't earn enough to buy your product then you're going to go out of business and small business yes at the moment it's so competitive but if if you look at the the evidence paying a living wage actually keeps retail alive keeps services alive because people can afford to participate in the economy so we get it backwards really we look at the cost and not look at the potential for stability and growth and not to mention the dignity of decent work which is of course my field but you know i just think we have to rethink the economic base and put people and planet at the heart of new business models that will in themselves give you virtuous growth right now we're triggering the seeds of our own destruction whether it's lack of scale on climate which we all agree on whether it's indeed exploitation and price gouging in the energy markets you know we have to think about what's good for people and what's good for the planet and the economy and then we will create new business models as we are as you put it planting the seeds of our own destruction which is a rough way but a brutally honest way to look at it um are we getting any better right as we look to the few if you think about the conversations you're having the work that you're doing right now um is it catching on more is it more productive than it was five years ago or worse as we look ahead i think the workforce is becoming more distant to the work that they do there's not the same sense of it's not loyalty it's more an attachment to the work that's not everybody a lot of people have shiftwork not satisfying but most work for the majority of the world's population is to survive it's to go to work and if you happen to get a job that actually has some satisfaction in it or you like the people that's a bonus but i do think that we all have to be conscious of the human factor or we are going to actually simply rue the day none of us wants our children or grandchildren to work in exploitation and yet come with me through the supply chains dehumanizing exploitation doesn't have to be like that this week there's a un well it's the secretary general's already champion of it we'll advance it this week there's a global un global accelerator on jobs we need the un sec general says 400 million new jobs we say 575 we'll take it and and and they in the formal economy we need to formalize a billion jobs and that's only half of the informal workers and we need to do them so they're climate friendly jobs with just transition measures and you need to put the resilience of social protection now if the world got together and worked on that as a business foundation the other thing i'd say is i feel sorry for businesses right now in this country in other words this the people trying to do the right thing in dialogue with their workers working with people like me and what are they getting some bizarre attacks on woke capitalism like that is just bizarre so these CEOs and their managers are human beings trying to create human workforce human workplaces and they're under attack that we have to do something about that that's just nonsense if we want to change the world so it is friendly for people and for planet i know we're out of time but i i want to just quickly wrap up with due view take me to the future in what linkedin does what it studies because all this talk of transparency and and and a more equitable workplace sounds like a net positive almost i wouldn't say it a silver lining of coven but in all that we've experienced or learned from coven is it making employers more educated and prepared and and workers start to better understand where and how they want to work and live so it is um we uh whether we're sharing the information whether they're getting it from each other whether two CEOs are speaking to each other there's a lot more visibility into what it takes in order to be able to build a successful workplace but there's also a lot of information about for individuals who are deciding what they want to do with their careers now it doesn't cover everybody by any means but for those who take advantage of the information they find themselves in a different position with their employer than they have in the past uh and i think that's good for both sides this transparency that we're talking about whilst many employers are balking at it is it going to make for a better working environment in the future for all i believe so i believe so i definitely believe so and you know when we think about long-term trend uh all almost all developed countries will have less worker supply so the workers will be more very important precious you know resource for most of employers so employers have to improve workplace or pay situation to to get workers so i think we want to we're going to push more about the transparency and job seekers will be smarter with technologies to run which one which employers have good jobs or good environment or workplace so i believe so and we're going to push it we're going to end on that positive note taco alan Sharon thank you so so much i really appreciate you joining us this morning uh and to the weft team thanks for including all of us


In this problem we consider this shaft with diameter equal to 200 mm, which is subjected to a torque t equal to 126 kNm and a bent moment m equal to 157 kNm, as you can see here in the picture below. And using more circle we need to determine where are the principal stresses and the maximum shear force at here point A. And we need also to estimate the orientation of the plane at which they occur. So first of all we need to determine what are the stresses due to the torque at this moment. Then according to the reference system that we have defined here, we have that at A this is my small differential element. So we have here normal stresses sigma y and sigma x and shear stress tau xy. Then we have normal stresses sigma x due to bending, right? So this bending moment is creating a shear stress in the x direction. So this is equal to m times y divided by the moment of inertia. And we know that for a cylinder with the circular cross-section the moment of inertia with respect to the neutral axis is equal to pi d to the power of 4, this is diameter divided by 64. Then this is equal to, and y is the distance from the neutral axis to this point. And this is equal to the diameter divided by 2. And of course we know that the moment is equal to 157 kNm. Then with this information we have that sigma x is equal to 200 MPa. We know that we don't have sigma y because the torsion is not creating any moment in the y direction. So sigma y equal to 0. Then these are the stresses due to bending. And now we can calculate the stresses due to torsion. This torque t is only creating shear stresses. Then we have the tau xy is equal to the torque times r divided by the polar moment of inertia. And the polar moment of inertia is equal to 2 times the moment of inertia i. Then we know the radius is d-halves. So then this is equal to, then now we have all the information that we need in order to draw the Mohr circle. Remember that we have the sigma x is equal to 200 MPa. Sigma y is equal to 0 and the shear stress is equal to 80 MPa.  So then first we can calculate what is the center of the circle which is equal to sigma average. So this is sigma x plus sigma y divided by 2. Then this is sigma x divided by 2 which is equal to 100 MPa. And the radius is equal to sigma x minus the average squared plus the shear stress squared. And the square root of this so this is equal to 128 MPa. Then now we can start drawing the circle. The average is located here, center around 100 MPa. So first for this plane A I know that the rotation due to the shear stress is counterclockwise. So according to my criteria, to the criteria that we are using this is a negative shear stress. Because it's creating a counterclockwise rotation. So this is located somewhere around here and corresponds with sigma x equal to 200 MPa. This is point A and the plane B we have of course a positive shear stress with correspond with 0. Then this is point B and this is point A. Now we can finish the circle more or less like this. Then this is the first principle plane and this is the second one. So the coordinates of sigma 1 is equal to the average plus radius. And sigma 2 is equal to the average minus the radius. So this is equal to 100 plus 128. So this is 228 and this is equal to 100 minus 128. Then this is negative 28 MPa. Of course this is the maximum shear stress which is equal to the radius. And now we need to define what is the orientation of the planes at which the principal stresses occur. So we know that this is our plane A. And we also know that the angles in the mercerical are two times the angles in a real problem. So this is the orientation of A with respect to the principal plane. So this is two times V1. Then I know that two times V1 is equal to the arc tangent of this distance here which is equal to 80 divided by this distance here which is equal to sigma x 200 minus the average. Then this is equal to 38.6 degrees. And from here I have the sigma 1 phi 1, sorry. This angle is equal to 19.3. So counterclockwise from A. And of course the orientation of this second plane with respect to A is 2 times phi 2 which is equal to 2 times phi 1 plus 180 degrees. So from here we obtain that phi 2 is equal to 109.3 degrees. Again counterclockwise from A.


Lux presents Hollywood radio theater brings you Judy Garland and John Horiak in The Clock. Ladies and gentlemen your producer Mr. William Keel. Greetings from Hollywood ladies and gentlemen. A popular magazine now on the stands describes New York as one city in America where dreams come true. Where the fabulous and the improbable are ever-present. An example is a clipping which I have here dated January 19th. It reports that as a result of seeing Metro Golden Mayor's screen success The Clock, scores of servicemen are riding up and down escalators in the Pennsylvania station looking for romance. The reason they give is that's how a soldier met Judy Garland in the picture. In tonight's Lux radio version of The Clock we show you how it happens. As we bring you Judy Garland playing her original screen role co-starred with John Horiak. The Clock is the tender story of a boy and girl who meet in the heart of a teeming and relentless city.  In a small village in France some months ago a young French couple invited troops of our occupation forces to be present at their wedding. The man who told me this story said he felt that he should bring a gift and he could think of nothing better than two kicks of luck soap for the bride and groom. As he describes it their gratitude and appreciation were as great as if he'd brought them jewels. He adds I thought they'd never stop thanking me. Well an American bride might not consider luck soap such a rare and costly gift but I'm sure she'd understand the enthusiasm and appreciation of her less fortunate sisters overseas. It's time now for the first act of The Clock starting Judy Garland as Alice and John Horiak as Joe. Department of overwhelming statistics. Subject New York City. There are five girls in New York population seven million four hundred and fifty four thousand nine hundred and ninety five.  The above population lives in an area of two hundred and ninety nine point zero square miles.  Just rush rush rush. Trains and ferries, buses and taxi cabs, subways and ales. Who are they all? What are they doing? What do they want? It's Sunday morning a spring morning and in New York's Pennsylvania station a young soldier gazes and awe at the swirling bumping crowds that mill about him. Could you tell me how to get out of this place? I just used escalator. What does that take you? Seventh Avenue and from camp. That's right. You like it here. What are some of the things to see? What do you think it be good on a Sunday? I don't know. I work here but I live in Jersey. First time in eleven years I've been here on Sunday. You'll find plenty to keep you busy. Goodbye. Oh thanks. Oh say work. Oh. I guess I didn't look where I was going. No I guess you didn't. Well they're going upsold you or aren't you? Would you mind if I use the escalator? Oh I beg your pardon. Hey mister soldier my heel my heel. Who me?   If you twisted it I'll see. I better I better take a look at it.  Yes that's what I've been trying to tell you. Oh I'm sorry. I'll go down and find it for you. What in that crowd? Oh I'll find it. What was it just a little heel? Well yes but it's all. I'll find it all right I'll be right back. You sure you fixed it all right? No it's fine. I never thought a sure repair shop would be open on Sunday. Well I go that way. Thank you for carrying my bag. Oh that's all right.  Well no not if you want to. Thank you. I get a bus on Fifth Avenue. A bus huh? Oh. What's the matter? The buildings. I've never seen buildings like that in my life and wherever you look. If I'm going to catch my bus. Oh I'm sorry let's go. I guess I've got a nerve all right getting on the bus with you. Well that's one way of seeing the city. But this is the first time we've ever run on a double-decker bus. It's so nice and the open like this. Too breezy up here?  This is certainly my day to lose things. Here mine. Thank you. This city must seem very strange to you. I'm green as grass.  Just three years. Folks here? No. That's Radio City up ahead. You mean you live all alone? No. Look there's St. Patrick's Cathedral. You're not married are you? No I live with another girl. Well what do you do? You don't mind my asking? I'm a secretary. Oh I see. What kind of an office do you work for? Just an office. I guess I'm pretty nosy. Yes you are. I'm sorry. Well it really doesn't matter. Because don't I? You're not catching cold. Oh no no it's a sun. It always does that to me. I always sneeze exactly twice and then I'm all through. Here here's your handkerchief. Well I hadn't you better keep it. No no no I'm all finished.  Well I didn't have anywhere to go but if I bother you. Oh no no of course I didn't mean that. You don't bother me. Sure. Well certainly I just meant that this bus only goes as far as the park. They got a park here? With trees and grass? Yes I think you'd enjoy it. There's a lake and a children's zoo. Well you wouldn't care to walk just a little with me in the park would you? No that's out of the question. I've got to get home. You see I've been in the country and I... Where is it? Here. Thank you. Kazunhai. Thank you. I've been watching the seals. They're such comedians. Did you ever think how much some animals remind you of people? Yes I know exactly what you mean. You take that seal there. I've got an ant in Minnesota that looks just like that. They used to tell me I look exactly like an owl. An owl?  You do you look exactly like an owl. Exactly like an owl. What does it remind me of? Never mind I don't want to know. Look at that. What? Kid with a sailboat. Kids are a great study when you get to know them. Yeah. Hiya skipper. Well Mr. Let's see three masks huh? Say when you look at it.  Oh yes thank you hon. I don't get it. Kids usually like me.  They hardly ever kick me in their shins. I don't understand. Joe I've really got to get home. Oh yeah. Well goodbye Alice. Goodbye. What are you going to do? Oh I don't know. Over there that's 79th street huh? Mm-hmm. The museum's over there. Yeah. Well it's an idea. I've only been there once or twice myself. It's a shame I ought to go there more often. Really? Museum huh? Well I'll show you where it is. I've got time for that I suppose. Come on. 1411 1375 BC or during the 18th dynasty. We could go up and see the paintings Joe. How your feet don't? Well I know they've been walking. Let's just let you guys here for a while. All right. Oh look there's Rodin's thinker. I've been thinking too. What? How lucky I am. Oh. Well I was also thinking I could never get used to this city. No this isn't what I want. What do you want? A little business of my own out home in Mapleton. Why? Well because it's my home. Not that I don't want to get around and see things but I get to thinking sometimes like in the spring and the evenings. I can almost smell the grass outside the house. Dad used to mow the lawn before dinner. He'd never let us kids do it. Did you have a dog? Dog? No. Did you? No. Why'd you ask that? Well I just wanted to. No I didn't have a dog. After the war I'm going to be a builder. You mean a contractor? Well more like a carpenter. I want to put up houses myself. Well they say that houses are all going to be alike made out of plastics and things. Oh not in Mapleton they won't. Why do you want to be a contractor Joe or a carpenter? I like working with wood I guess. I like to feel of it and building things with my own hands. You know what I mean? Yes I do I think. Oh is that the closing bell? What time is it? Uh five o'clock. Five o'clock oh I've simply got to go. I guess everybody does if they're closing out. You know you can sure learn a lot in the museum. Here's the bus stop. It's been a nice afternoon. I uh I suppose you're probably busy tonight. Oh yes I am. Well thanks a lot for being so nice.  Well that's one of those things that lights anywhere isn't it? Yeah it has a shield to keep the flame from blowing out. Mm-hmm. Would you like it? Oh no you keep it. I'll take it. I really wouldn't have any use for it. Well I just wanted you to have it. Oh thank you very much. Well here comes my bus. Yeah well uh maybe maybe we'll meet again sometime. Maybe. Good bye. Goodbye. And thanks for the lighter. Oh that's all right. Let's go lady. Goodbye. Goodbye Alice. Come on. 80 seconds ma'ers please. Hey Alice. Alice. I think the soldier's calling you young woman. What? Uh I'm sorry. What are you? What? Alice. Alice will you? He's running after the bus. Something's wrong. I don't think so. Joel. Alice. Can you break that date tonight? Yes. He's called up every 10 minutes. He says you have a date with him. Yes I have. Well I've got to get going. I'm supposed to meet Bill. Have a good time. How? What happened to you? Well I met a soldier.  Picked up? Really Helen? What's that you've got? That's a cigarette lighter. Where'd you get it? He gave it to me. What else happened? Nothing. Well I guess it's all right as long as she got rid of him. Well I didn't exactly get rid of him. What? I got a date with him tonight. Oh good grief Al. You don't even know the man. Well as far as he's concerned this is just a pickup. Helen I wish you wouldn't keep saying that. Joe's a nice boy. He's just lonesome that's all. So it's Joe already. Joe what? Joe? You don't even know. Oh look Al. I don't want to butt in but it just doesn't make sense to pick up us to make friends with a stray soldier. I know they're all swell kids but a girl has got to look out for herself. You're going to use this pin tonight? Uh no here you worry. Thanks. It's different when you meet a service man through friends and you know who he is. Listen you've never done anything like this before and I won't let you do it now. I just won't let you do it. You'll be waiting. It's going to be awfully disappointed honey. Don't feel half as bad as you feel after his leave is over and he goes back to camp. I suppose you're right. I am right. Anyway Freddie will be phoning. Oh Freddie. You might at least you know his last name. Remember what I said Al? I'll remember. Night Helen. Hello Freddie. Yes Helen told me it called. Well I'm almost ready now. Yeah I'll be fine. Excuse me. Is there any other clock here except this one? Meeting somebody? Yeah. Well this is the clock all right. This is where everybody meets. Maybe it's a little fast huh? Let me see. No right on the nose. Exactly twenty and a half minutes after seven. Well thanks. Thanks a lot. Alice I'll know you. Oh excuse me. Gardenia please. Yes sir. Put it in a box. No paper will be fine. Be careful of the pin. That'll be one dollar. Do you happen to have the right time? That clock in the lobby is always right. See it's quarter of eight. Oh yeah. You're late huh? Well don't worry Corporal. The gardenia will do the trick. Yeah well. Oh well your money here. Thanks a lot. People call. No no no you're not late. I was just just worried about you. Oh here is something for your hair. Want me to hold your mirror for you? Yes please. My gardenia. Just took a chance. Am I holding the mirror right? Yes. Just a second. There. Dance I've never been here before either. Alice you started to tell me about Helen. Oh well I was just going to say we work in the same office. She's in the sales division. Bill says she's practically an executive. Who's Bill? Well he's a friend of Alice. Sometimes Freddie and I go out with him. You like it don't you? City and the office and everything. I love it. I never wanted any different. Never? Don't you want to get married someday maybe? Oh that. Well not for a long time anyway. Well what about this Freddie that you mentioned? Freddie? What about him? Well what about him? Well does that suit Freddie? I don't know what you mean. I mean not getting married. I don't think I care to answer that. Oh well I was only asking. My goodness I hardly know you I don't have to answer anybody's questions about Freddie or anybody else. Wait a minute now this Freddie doesn't mean anything to me one way or the other. Well all right then let's leave him out of it. I was only asking. I don't know why you had to bring him up at all. Look you brought him up I never even heard of the guy. I think maybe I'd better go. What are you doing? Well you're a coach you've got ice cream all over. Oh. Helen was right. She told me what would happen. Well look I'm sorry if I said anything. If I had any sense I'd listen to her. It's different when you meet a service man through friends and know who he is then you know who he is only sometimes when a girl dates with a soldier she isn't only thinking of herself she knows he's far away from home and alone no one to talk to and what are you staring at? You've got brown eyes. Look I I want to I think let's go somewhere else. Except it's night. It's a different part. That's a river down there. Been talking so much I hardly noticed. Look so many stars. That's only a few of them. I know it's all you ever see just a little part where you are. Well they're the ones we know up there Vega or I am Big Dipper. I never knew their names and all the people in this city all around us all the people in the country and all the people in the world out of all that just those stars. Big Dipper and what you said and you and I down here in this park together. Strange isn't it? I don't know this doesn't seem strange anymore. Suppose we hadn't met. We couldn't not have met. I know. It's strange though. Am I coming home from the country early? That was only a little part of it. You're being there in the station. Well that was part of it too. There were other things like you're leaving home or getting leave just when I did. That's all part of it. Even those ships in the river. Ships. They're part of a convoy. That's why I got this leave. This will be the last one I'll get. Oh I see. It's a lot of things isn't it? Some don't matter and others do. They all matter. This night being together. Yes. They matter don't they? I don't know. Alice. Joe I don't know. It's quiet here. Almost as quiet as it is at home. It's never quiet really. The city's full of sounds always underneath. Listen. Joe. Alice your hair. It's like. It's late. We have to go. Yes. Alice. Could I see you again tomorrow? I don't know Joe. It'll be my last night. I just have today and tomorrow. I don't know whether we ought to see each other again at all. I thought maybe it would want to. Oh well I do but I just can't think right now. I'm sorry Joe. Well it's all right Alice. That's all right. In just a minute we'll bring you the second act of the clock starring Judy Garland and John Hodiak. Meanwhile here's our Hollywood reporter Libby Collins. What's the news story tonight Libby? I'll give you a lead Mr. Keely. Gables back and Garson's got him. Oh Libby. You're talking about Metro Golden Mare's new picture adventure starring Greer Garson and Clark Gable. You guessed it. That's just what I meant when I said Gables back and Garson's got him. Could be Greer's red gold hair and her lovely smooth complexion. Could be. There's a reason why nine out of ten screen stars use lux toilet soap Mr. Kennedy. Adventure is a very exciting picture. Do you see the preview? No not yet though I was there when they were filming some of the scenes. My what an enormous place that Metro Golden Mare is. A city in itself. I visited some of the stars dressing rooms while I was there. You mean you actually went into the dressing rooms of those famous beauties Libby. A lot of women would envy you that experience. Oh yes Mr. Kennedy. Imagine they'd be interested to see how luxurious and well appointed those dressing rooms are. And there was one luxury Libby. I'll bet you saw everywhere. Now whatever could you mean by that Mr. Kennedy. Well I won't keep you in suspense. I can report that every single dressing room had lux toilet soap in it. Must be something about that soap Libby when the loveliest women in the world depend on it for daily beauty care. Screen stars tell me active ladder facials are wonderfully effective. They're quick and easy too. Just cover your face with a creamy lux soap ladder and work it well in rinse with warm water. Splash on cold and pat dry with a soft towel. That's all there is to it. And this gentle daily care does make skin lovelier. Recent tests by skin specialists proved it. Actually three out of four complexions improved in a short time. And Mr. Kennedy women might like to know that in these days of women would like to know this in these days of shortage. Lux toilet soap is thrifty to use. Each cake lasts and lasts. If you aren't acquainted with this famous beauty soap why not get some tomorrow.  And now Mr. Keely returns to the microphone. We continue with act two of the clock starting Judy Garland as Alice and John Hodiak as Joe. Only a few moments have passed since Alice and Joe walked slowly and silently out of the park to Alice's bus stop. But in those few moments midnight has come and gone. And so has Alice's bus. We can take a taxi cab out. It's expensive. Oh that's all right. Here comes one now.  That's not a taxi. It isn't. No it's a milk car. We thought you were a taxi. Going to lift plenty of room. Got a radio too. Well that's awfully nice of you. You're going to open somewhere. Somewhere. That's good. I'm just starting out. Here's our next number. That's my brother Nellie Green. Nellie Green. That's the premier mess too. That's French or rubber. That's Schrager's all 935. Discrimination then.  And the key quest is sweet and lovely. And it's a second request this week. I had a request in now for three months. Do I get it? No. Miss Nellie Green. What's your request? That's how I need you. You know what? Like the roses need the fragrance. I like the summer. The milk. Well that's awfully nice but I think I'd better get home. What do you live on the east side. Take it right back up there. Well honestly Mr. Henry. You get the ride. I get to come. What do you think Joe. Don't wait. They load up the truck. That's something very few people know about. All they care about is where is the milk. Are we going uptown now. Yes ma'am. Clean up the radio. Maybe they played it while you were listening. Flat pie Albert. I'll take a look. I got to find a phone service car coming up and fix it. Well there's a lunch while I get across the street. That'll do. Let's go. There's a radio. You won't even listen to the program. Listen to the dog. Hi Joe. Put down that coffee a minute. What's the matter. You just made an uncount remark about dogs. Yeah, what's the matter with dogs wait a minute wait a minute wait a minute. Oh hi too. A pleasure to be a member of the armed forces. But the civilian. It's un-American the most un-American conduct but he means to just bunker here. The constitution of the only section of bill of rights. Wait a minute I never said. What was that power. And the request is from my wife. Oh, you! Oh, look what you've done. Well, what did I do?  Oh, you hurt? Oh, pal, speak. Forgive me. Where's the pallet? Oh, that's beautiful. We better get him out of here, Alice. Get up, pal. Let's do some music. Yeah, can I help you? What's wrong with that? You can take the rest of it and keep it. Come on, Al. Hey! Watch my pal. Now take him out of the way. See what I mean? That's the whole thing. Will a man fix the tire, and Joe's driving us uptown? You've been having a nap. See? I got milk to deliver. Well, why don't you rest, Al? You can tell us where the milk goes, and Joe and I'll deliver it. Oh, no. I couldn't do nothing like that. Well, we'll see how you feel when we get uptown. Caught me right in the wind. The eye, too. You've got a beauty. Oh, boy. Sure feels like it. And I missed my song. I missed the whole number. Stay on the same street? Uh-huh. How's Al doing back there? He's so asleep. You know what he said? You and I were a natural-born milkman. That's because we brought back the empties when we deliver the milk. Look, it's getting light, Joe. Mm-hmm. It's almost morning. Yeah. Back home, I used to see the dawn come up sometimes. Me, too. Up over the Indiana fields. The morning comes here first, doesn't it? Mm-hmm. Before that, it's out at sea. Before that, it's Joe. Where are they sending you, do you know? No. England, I guess. It's a long ways away. Alice, do you like me a little bit? Mm-hmm. Oh, Joe, I'm sorry. I'm so sleepy. Why don't you doze off then? I'll find a way, okay? Really? Sure. Good night, Joe. Good night, baby.  I think that's about the nicest thing I ever heard. Well, I guess we'll be going along. Going along? Well, breakfast is already. Oh, no, really. We'll be going home.  Why, she can mix you up to find this glass of ice water you ever dropped. I'm going to decide. She makes the best corn cakes you ever had. Now, come on, sit down. They're already, too. Watch yourself now. They're hot. Say, you folks married. Oh, no. Lots of young folks are getting married these days. Butter-butter bees while it's hot. Thanks. Hot is right. I think you have to know somebody a long time before you get married.  Well, me, I think you can find out as much about somebody in a minute as you can in a whole lifetime. You know what she was doing when I first seen her? No, I am. No, no, what? Cooking butter cakes and child's winter. No, really? And the minute I seen her, I knew she was for me. Well, I don't know, though. I don't think it's fair to the girl, a soldier, getting married. Well, how does he know what condition he'll come back in? Well, Joe, if people ever thought about all the things that could happen, they'd never do anything. Well, I think if a girl and a boy want to get married, all the talk in the world ain't going to stop them. Never has, yeah. And it, Al. What's the matter? I'm going to open the muffins. Company first. Look, they got some, ain't they? Just exactly like his uncle. All those hens. It isn't me, Uncle. It's me cousin, Michael Henry. He's a clerk of the court for Judge Forbes. Well, your uncle, your cousin, what difference does it make? Let's make cousin is the one that can eat. Well, I never saw such eating. And I never saw such a place in my life as this just trying to get something to eat. All right, here. Take them up and take it. All right, I will. Thank you. Thank you very much. I like the subway, Joe. Oh, it sure is different, all right. They go so fast. Is that what you've been thinking about the last five minutes? Well, now, how are you thinking about Al Henry and his wife? Oh, they're lovely people. How are you thinking about what he said? About how it really doesn't matter how long a person knows another person. No, I guess it doesn't matter so much. What have you been thinking about? Something you said about a soldier not marrying because he doesn't know what condition he'll come back in. Oh. Well, I think if two people are really in love that that wouldn't make any difference. Wouldn't it? Of course I... Oh. Joe... Joe, I don't want to leave you today. Alice, could... What about your office? Well, I suppose I could find some excuse. Oh, that would be wonderful. Come on, Alice. Joe, hurry this way. We have to change trains. It's mob even worse than men's stations. You're not half as confused as I was my first time in a subway. Well, I'll just hang on to you. What were you saying about the office? Well, it won't take long and you can just wait outside. Oh, that's swell. Well, here comes our train. Red, red, red, red, red, red, red, red. Watch your step. Let's go. Please, can you tell me what the next station is, mister? No English. I know English. Lady, could you tell me what the next station is? The next station? Now, let me see. Uh, this is Grand Central and I'm sure the next station would be... No, no, it couldn't be that. Now, if this is Grand Central, I'm sure... Right, 14th Street. 14th Street. Thanks, thanks. Hey, mister. Yeah? I've been looking all over for a girl. Did you see a girl get off the train a little while ago? I've seen a thousand girls get off, fellas. Well, is this the next stop after Grand Central? The next express stop, yeah. You mean there's something else? Sure. The local after Grand Central. The local stops at 33rd. How do I get there? Take the stairway at the end of the platform and go across. Stairway end of platform. I've got to find her. I've got to find her. What about this city of New York? And have you been here before? I have. Well, it's a big place, boys. Population 7,454,995. I think people live in a area of 299.0 square miles. I beg your pardon. Yes, ma'am. Is there someone in charge I could see, please? Well, there's a receptionist, ma'am. Over there. Thank you. I'm looking for a soldier. I thought maybe he'd come here to the USO. Any particular soldier? My friend. We got separated in the subway. I've been looking all over for him. What's his name? Joe. Joe what? That's a big help. Or is this a joke? Oh, no, please. We only just met yesterday, and I don't know it. Didn't seem to make any difference what his name was. Oh, didn't make any difference. I know it sounds funny, but the night went by so fast, and I got sleepy. Then we lost each other this morning, and he's only got today. I don't see how I can help you, young lady, and I don't think I'd go around telling that story. Oh, you don't understand. I've got to find him. I... What am I... What am I going to do? Pause now for station identification. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System. In a moment, we'll bring you the third act of the clock, starring Judy Garland and John Hodyak. How many of you would ever think that the job of chaperone would lead to a screen career? It did, though. In the case of our young guest of the evening, Miss Ruth Brady. Tell us how it happened, Miss Brady. Well, I had my own radio show in Louisville at the time, Mr. Keely, commenting on fashions and beauty. The bathing beauty pageant in Atlantic City was about to begin, and I was elected to escort the girl chosen as Miss Kentucky. That would be an interesting assignment. It proved to be for me, because in Atlantic City, I was offered a singing and dancing engagement with the New York Night Club, and that led to a role in a Broadway musical. And from Broadway, it wasn't far to Hollywood, I take it. No, Mr. Keely. A metro golden mayor talent scout saw me and signed me to my present contract. And since then, you've appeared in a number of pictures. Mm-hmm. Art the Freed gave me a part in the clock. Lux Radio theaters play tonight. And more recently, George Sidney directed me in my latest part in MGM's new musical, The Harvey Girls. As one of the Harvey waiters, as I spoke. Mm-hmm. You know, I pushed my way through the crowds the other night to see the Harvey Girls. John, I'd say that Ruth here would be mighty photogenic. Well, rather, with that ash-blonde hair and... My lux complexion, Mr. Kennedy. Thanks for the compliment. You're right. I've been using lux toilet soap for a long time. Remember, I used to give beauty advice on my radio show, and I believe in practicing what I preach. Well, whenever you advise women to use lux toilet soap, you're giving them a real Hollywood beauty tip. Nine out of ten screen stars depend on daily, active leather facials. I know they do, and I know why lux toilet soap is a mighty effective complexion care. Thank you, Ms. Brady. Famous screen stars, lovely Hollywood starlets agree. Only the finest ingredients go into this satin, smooth, white soap. Here's how any woman can prove for herself what lux toilet soap can do to make her skin lovelier. Get a cake of Hollywood's own beauty soap tomorrow. Now, Mr. Keely returns to the microphone. Here's Act 3 of the clock, starring Judy Garland as Alice and John Haudiac as Joe. In the bewildering puzzle of city streets, swirling with a flood of alien faces, Joe and Alice have searched hopelessly for each other. Their hearts grift with realization, terrible and absurd, but they will never meet again. Not knowing where else to turn, Joe weirdly makes his way to the Pennsylvania station. Can I get train information here? What do you want to know, son? Next train for Aberdeen, Maryland. Aberdeen, 147. Going back to camp? That's right. Track 14. Thank you. Help you, lady. Excuse me, please. I'm sorry. All right, thank you. Officer, would you tell me how I can get to... Alice! Where'd you want to go? Alice! How do you like this? Alice! Alice! Alice! Joe, it was... I thought you were lost. I didn't know where to look. Quick, quick, what's your name? Maverick. Maverick. Maverick. I didn't know where to find you. I didn't think I'd ever find you. Maverick, oh, oh, look, Alice, we can't wait. We mustn't. It wouldn't be right. Joe, are you sure? Don't you see, we might never have found one another again. No, no, no, don't say that. I've got to say it. Look, please, please, will you marry me? Oh, yes, Joe, yes. Gosh, I didn't think your marriage license would be this busy. Did you? I guess all we can do is sit here and wait our turn. We have so little time, why don't they hurry? Got your blood test papers? Everybody got your blood test papers? What's that, Joe? I don't know. Oh, uh, mister. Yes? Mister, what's that about blood test papers? According to law, applicants for a marriage license must have blood test certificates. We didn't know anything of... What do we get once? 67 Michael Hall Street. Tell him Mr. Swartz sent you. Be quiet, please, quiet. Two subway stops downtown. All right, Irving, who's next? How long are you opening? We'll have to hurry, Joe. I can find it. Everybody got your blood test papers? That's it, thank you. Thank you for the blood test, if what. Got a pass? No, we were told this was a place... You can't go upstairs without a pass. What do we got a pass? Lieutenant Druffle, second floor. But you can't go up without a pass. Take a seat over there. Who does he think he is, Hitler? I think he was just once. Wait a minute, dear. You two getting married? Yes. Oh, why don't you say so? Here. Use this pass. Room 318. Oh, thanks, thanks. Fixed up all right? No. What's the matter? They're too busy. I couldn't get the papers so tomorrow. We had to get them by 4 o'clock this afternoon. No, why don't you go to a private laboratory? What do you mean? Well, you can go to one of the approved labs and get the results in an hour or so. I've got a list somewhere. Oh, please, please hurry. Yeah, yeah, here's one. The L&N Public Health Service Laboratory. 631 Canal Street. 631 Canal... Thank you, thank you very much. Hello, please. Window 7, Silver and Skillman. Allen and Mayberry. Well, we're Allen and Mayberry. Here we are, here we are. Is this your blood test papers? Here, right here. I just have to stamp it. Here you are. Silver and Skillman. Joe. Oh, look what he stamped on it. Not valid for 72 hours. Not valid for 72 hours. There's just one thing you can do. A judge of the Supreme Court may issue a waiver of the time clause. Little quiet, if you please. Permitting the parties to be married at once. Supreme Court... We can try, Joe, we can try. A waiver? Oh, but you're too late, folks. Too late. I'm sorry, but the judge has just left. Oh, no. Excuse me, but this name on the desk, are you Michael Henry? Yeah. Then you're Al Henry's cousin. He told us about you. Well, why didn't you tell me? Say, maybe I can test the judge after all. Oh, how is that? Uh, he's fine. And him? He's fine, too. Oh, that's fine. Say, don't you think you better hurry? Oh, I will. Just make yourself comfortable. Joe, Joe, look what time it is. We've got the waiver, and here's our license, so can we get married? Oh, you're the young couple who was... Yeah, yeah, yeah. They told us your office was closed. Well, I got through a little early. Just have time to cast the 430. Please, it isn't 4 o'clock yet. Make up your mind, Mr. Schwartz. Oh, well, come along. You can't marry us, can't you? Oh, yes. We even have a little chapel, potted plants and few ferns. Well, that's nice. Bernie! Yes, Mr. Schwartz? Look me up and have the train, and it's not 4 o'clock yet. Bernie! Oh, Bernie! Yes, Mr. Schwartz? Turn the vacuum cleaner off. Don't you see there's a wedding? What do you think? This is a factory? No. And stand back. Oh, stand back. Now, let's see young man. Yes. Young lady should be on the left. Stay here, Bernie. We'll need a witness. No, no. Now, your certificate, please. This is a serious and solemn step you hereby undertake. Do either of you know of any reason why you both should not be legally joined in marriage?  Do you promise to our father to come to the church? I'll tell them. I'll tell them. I'll say I do. I do. The train out there. I couldn't hear. Do you, Alice, may very take this man to be your lawful, wedded husband? Do you promise to love, honor, comfort, and cherish him for better or for worse? I do. Raise the ring upon the bride's finger. I haven't got a ring. Under the law, it isn't necessary to have a ring. Oh, I didn't know. The floors can be waxed later, please. For as you both have consented to wedlock, I do, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the laws of the state of New York, now pronounce you husband and wife. And may God bless your union. Here's your certificate. Thank you. Oh, boys, there's a 440 train.  Oh, good luck, Mr. and Mrs. Allen. Thank you. Thank you. Good luck, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you. Thanks. I didn't have any flowers. No. Well, we didn't have time. Well, we rushed so. Well, I... I guess they want to finish cleaning up in here. Well, we made it, Joe. It's just four o'clock. Much of a honeymoon, just sitting in the park. Uh, are your mother and father living? Uh-huh. Are yours? Oh, yes. Yes, they're living. Do you suppose I should write to your folks, maybe? I suppose so. I suppose I should write to yours. Oh, yeah, that'll be nice. Oh, oh. Would you like to see our house? Have a snapshot of my wallet. Here. Oh, that's nice. That's my mother. I suppose she'll like me? Oh, sure. Well, I should say so. Joe, what time does your train go? Well, um, I don't have to be back in camp till tomorrow noon. Alice. What?  Uh, sorry, Joe. I guess I just don't feel very married. I know. I don't blame you. Well, it wasn't your fault. It was just that it was so ugly. I know. I know. It wasn't the indif- I know. It's all right, darling. It's all right. Yes, I'm all right now. I'm sorry, Joe. I've been looking across the street there. Somebody else has got married, too. Just came out of that church, see? Joe, I'd like to go into the church. Joe, please. Oh, I want to go into the church, too. It's opened at the marriage, sir. Dearly beloved, we are gathered together here in the sight of God and in the face of this company to join together this man and this woman in holy matrimony. Which is an honorable estate. And therefore, it's not by any to be entered into unadvisedly or lightly, but revelantly, discreetly, advisedly, soberly, and in the fear of God. Wilt thou have this woman to thy wedded wife? Wilt thou love her, comfort her in sickness and in health? And forsaking all others? Keep thee only unto her as long as ye both shall live? Better than for worse. For richer and more to love. Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, thy will be done. Oh, Joe, I love you. I love you till the day I die. The dinner was satisfactory. Everything was fine. Thank you. Dinner in our own room at the Waldorf Astoria. Guess I can afford it? For what night? Only a half a night. The darling is fit to have the midnight. Yeah, I know. I've got an hour to get to the station. I tell you everything I want to tell you. How much I love you.  How will you try not to worry about anything? Joe, darling, you're coming back. Want me to tell you how I know? Two days ago when you came to this city, you didn't know anyone. You didn't know me, and I didn't know you. And now we're married. And we both know that that was meant to be. So don't you see, whoever makes the arrangements for people is doing pretty well for us. That's all we need to know. This way, darling. So join me my way around. I'm sure you can't send me your laundry. Don't worry about those things.  Oh, I wouldn't forget that. I remember that you charged the cameras out next month. Well, that's something we don't have to worry about. Hello, soldier. Where are you? Hi, it's Kevin. I'm just going away.  Well, thanks.  See, honey?  They hardly ever kick me in the chin. This is what you just want to know more about, darling. This is it, John. Yeah, now take it, please. Show your ticket to ladies. Bye, darling. Take good care of yourself. Don't forget to like. No, no, I won't. I love you. See, it's over. Leave Joe and Alice with the hope that they'll be together soon and bring them back together now as they are in real life. One of Hollywood's happiest combinations, Judy Garland and John Haudier. Judy, there's only one thing that we missed, and that is your singing. Well, I've always wanted to play a straight dramatic role, Mr. Keely. And the clock said it was time, eh? The clock brought Judy more than fame as a dramatic actress. It brought her a famous husband, too. Yes, I've known Vincent and Ella for some years. You should be very proud of him. Well, Vincent and I have known each other for a long time, too. He directed two other pictures that I've put it in. Well, Judy, you and Vincent have earned all the happiness that's coming to you. Oh, thank you. Incidentally, Mr. Keely, didn't you meet your wife, Miss Tobin, the same way? Mmm, somewhat. I directed Genevieve in the very first picture that I made in Hollywood. I'm going to get myself a wife, it looks as if I'd have to turn director.  She ties and we need you on the screen, John. You and Judy were great together and hobby girls, and I'm willing to predict that that picture will be well at the top of next year's popularity polls. Well, I think we're all proud that Judy was voted one of America's formal screen stars in the polls by 1945. Naturally, we're especially proud of that since Judy is a let's go. Oh, indeed I am, Mr. Keely. I've always have been. That's wonderful, my confection. I've known so many screen stars who use it. Well, we have one of those screen stars on our show next Monday night. Well, what are you presenting, Bill? Next Monday night is lovely Rita Hayworth co-starred with Charles Corbyn in its first appearance on this stage. They bring us universal, fascinating drama, this love of ours. The deeply moving story of a man and wife who lose each other through misunderstanding and are brought together by a child's love. Sounds right up to the usual standard, Mr. Keely. Thanks, Judy. And before we say good night, I think our audience would like to hear some news for which we're humbly grateful that the luck radio theater has again been voted the best dramatic program of the year by radio daily poll or radio editors from coast to coast. Congratulations. And good night. Good night. Good night. You gave us a delightful hour with a clock. Our sponsors, the makers of Luck's toilet soap, joined me in inviting you to be with us again next Monday evening when the luck radio theater presents Rita Hayworth and Charles Corbyn in this love of ours. This is William Keely saying good night to you all from Hollywood. You may be wondering why your favorite Luck's toilet soap is often hard to get these days. The reason for this is the serious shortage of industrial fats and oils. Our domestic production of these oils since the end of the war does not begin to make up for the amount we used to import from the Pacific. That's why it's important to keep on saving your used kitchen fats. Save every drop and turn them into your butcher. It will pay you four cents for every pound. American women did a superb job of fat salvage during the war, and now the government urges you to continue to save and turn in used fats. Remember, with every pound you turn in, you help to prevent a really serious shortage of soap. In response to President Truman's invitation, leading Hollywood stars are on their way to Washington to participate in the climax of the March of Dimes collection. In its drive for the belief of infantile paralysis, the motion picture industry last year collected some six million dollars. Through its studio personnel, its many theaters and the gratuitous personal occurrences of screen stars. Said the President at that time, might in their personal congratulations and appreciation for a success beyond all expectations. If you haven't yet contributed to the March of Dimes, join this fight on infantile paralysis tomorrow. This program is broadcast to our men and women overseas through cooperation with the Armed Forces Radio Service. Our music was directed by Lewis Pilvers. This is for an answer, John Milton Kennedy, reminding you that you're going to get a next Monday night with this problem of ours with Rita Lewis and Tom Corwin.