Before I begin to talk about anything, so I wanted to like talk about few ideas at the first and then at the same time like do a hands-on session. But hands-on session will depend how many people are new to the things which I'm going to talk about. So I mean how many of you are actually using things right now. Let's just ask one question. So at least, okay, less number of people. So that means we will do the hands-on session. That's nice. So if you want to use or do the hands-on session, please install the Python Finx package. So just search for Python Finx if you are using Mac or if you are using Ubuntu or Fedora or any Linux, just install it. So we will go through things. So I'm going to reuse one presentation which I did last year in 4CNCF. And that's the main line from it. Please remember everyone reads documentation. So if we look at our daily life, we will find the things we use every day, mobile phones, TV, fridge, correct. Few things. Like we go to a new place. We try to figure out how to like, I mean for me when I came to Singapore, I tried to figure out how to use this not vending, actually ticket machines, how to use them. And what is the most common thing in all of them? We read some kind of documentation. It may be manual. Most of the hardware things, it's manual, correct. How to use this new TV, how to use this new phone or this new camera. So that's one point which is very much important that everyone reads documentation one way or other. Why? Because documentation is the communication. That's the most common way to talk to your users. Who are the users? Say you are a company, then that means you are talking about the people who are using your company's product.  That means you are talking to the people who are using your library. You are writing an application developer. That means you are talking to the people who are using your application, correct.  So please, any feedback. So that's the best of kind of drawing which I can do. Sorry. This is one example I love to show people. The difference between good programs and bad programs. It's one way of quality measurement, correct. Many of you actually saw programs which are actually written by someone else long time back and suddenly one day you went in and you wanted to work on those projects and looking at the code and you have no clue correct what's going on. There's nothing written. You can still find variables like a, b or x and y in many, many big projects if you find out. So that's difficult. So the biggest thing about documentation is who should do documentation. And generally for bigger projects we find there is a documentation team like take any free software project, big ones you will find that there is a documentation team who are doing it. But the idea is about like who should start doing it. So many times it says the people say that documentation is not difficult thing. It's an easy fix kind of stuff or low hanging fruits. But if you think slowly you will find out that the person who wrote that new tool or the person who wrote that new feature is the best person who knows about that feature. So if you expect a new person to come over and start writing documentation about that new feature that may not work so well. So it should be always the developers who should start writing documentation for anything they are working on. They should start writing rather than they don't have to write everything but they should start writing the first level of documentation. And the second point that project contributors that goes into the same way that if you are not a contributor to the project you are not supposed to know about the project and start writing things. You may be fixing the smaller things, say example fixing the grammar or spelling mistakes. But if you want to talk about a feature how great this feature is first you have to understand the project. You have to be a contributor to the project to talk about it. Examples. I am not opening up the sites but I generally show up these three examples. The first project is the Qt framework which has been used to build say on top of it is KDE and the Qt library, the C++ library and the framework. Second project, Django, we know. Third project, MariaDB. So all of these projects one thing is very common. All of them are very much successful. They have a big user base and developer friendly. So what's another common point is that all these projects require, they require along with the code contribution they require the documentation patch too. So Django will not accept your code patch unless you write the required doc changes. I asked one of those Qt developers long time back how come the Qt class documents are so nice, each class examples. They said that if somebody writes a new class, a developer then it's his or her duty to write the whole class documentation. Whatever it can do, the new examples, everything. And it should go into the patch at the same time unless this thing is happening they are not going to accept the patches. So from these three small examples you can if you actually have used already any one of these three things you know what I'm talking about. The kind of good documentation these projects have. So these things are clear examples where people who are developing the things why they should write the code documentation at the same time. How many of you actually read any of the three things documentation, any of the project? You read Django, correct? Anyone else, any of the projects? So Python is again one example. And why? So I'm taking my own example like that's the right hand side is my general handwriting. That's how I try to write. I mean I generally write. And the left hand side is when I try to write a little bit better. So if you get a documentation in both the handwriting which one you want to choose? The left side or the right side? It's a simple thing, correct? You want the better thing which you can actually read and understand. The right side which is my common handwriting and generally the way I write sometimes I get difficult to read that thing. And you want the same thing happen not to happen actually in the way for documentation. Your project documentation should be something which you can clear proper message and people can read and understand. Code comments. So many of my friends also talked about it like what about writing code comments. While doing so they sometimes take you actually both the sides happen sometimes they just write one single line and they think that everyone can imagine or have an access to a machine which can give them the idea of whatever the developer was thinking. Or they write a full paragraph or a full story book inside a code comment. Whatever things was going on in his mind. And this is too big. So I was asking around. So what's going on? Like what kind of code comments you want and what are the things you are looking for. So the first example is the highest used. Like I want to track things. So whatever code that changed if I rewrite a new function I want to keep the old function as a commented code on the top. Then maybe I will not use this code now but maybe after two months or next release or within next week I am going to use this code again. So why not just keep it as a comment. Even I did that many times. Sorry. Like finding code is like oh next time it will be difficult for me to find this part of the code. Let's keep these things. But there is also a question. Whatever to-do entries. So good projects or good code actually keep to-do entries. Sometimes within the code marking them with something like a to-do, capital to-do or sometimes they keep at a separate to-do file. Where they actually explain things step by step. But again coming to the same point that to-do file is also a documentation for the developers or the new people who wants to come and see what are the things left to be done where they can come and work off. Going into details about documentation. So what kind of documentation we see. Tutorials. Tutorials are the small documents which can be read or tried on within say 30 minutes. Not too big, not too small. If you are a library developer or you are writing an API that means you need to have to write your API documentation. Read that documentation and going to learn about your API. Contributor guide. So you want more developers into your project or say you are a company, you are working proprietary code but you still want to hire new people in your company to work on your project after two months or after two years. So you must have a guide which will tell them how to say build up your system, how to do the build system, how to build the whole code, how to test it. So and the last two user documentation we all know and then the how-dos which are like bigger versions of tutorials. Say 2 to 3 hours it will take a time to go through a complete how-to and you will learn a particular part, a particular feature of a project in details. By the way if you have any questions please interrupt me then and there, anything. And people who wants to try this out over their laptop while I am talking please install the Finks project, Python Finks. And Praveen and Ivan also will help us while you are working. So if you need any help you can ask anyone of us. So that means you are using it in a virtual environment or system-wide. Okay then you have access. So what are we are going to do here? Basically two things. One is restructure text. The second part is the Finks project itself. How many of you actually know about restructure text? Or how to write it? Okay 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. So if you remember a presentation a few minutes back, nice blue color on the top and small, I mean the title was written below and it was written using text. So you already saw it a few minutes back. I am going to just show you how can you do that in a fast way. So you can actually use this link or note it down. So later on you may want to have a look at it. So this was created for an online summer training. So this is a fast track for you for restructure text. So we are going to do that first so that it will be easier for us to do the Finks a few minutes later. So you need the docketills package and most probably it will be installed in your computer already. So just to check, please have a look if you have a command called same rst to html. Just figure out just type rst digit to html. This is the command. So please have a look at if you have the command installed on your computer or not. Who are trying this out? So I will know how to check. So do you have it whoever is trying? Yes. So here, do you have it? The people in the back, do you have it? So install the package called docketills. Python docketills, please install. It's not that big of a package. So restructure text is the plain text based on it's a format which is using the plain text to help us write documents and this presentation is also the similar kind using restructure text.  People who are missing docketills. There are few people. So we will go through this restructure text thing a little bit faster because you can always check and I also don't remember all the stuff all the time. There are users who need to find these things out. Please inform me when you are done, ready? Are you ready with docketills? Excuse me. Do you have the restructure text now? So I am not going to use like I am using Vi but you can actually use any editor of your choice. The extension is .rst. So for our example we will create a file called .rst. Use the editor you love. So going to details. So a document can have a document title, correct? So this is one way of writing a title. So I am using the equal to signs. Equal to signs on the top and the below. The requirement is it should be at least the same number of characters or minimum the same number of characters of the main text and top and the bottom line should be the same number equal to signs. Yes. So how can you, because of the countermer that's entirely right title. Oh no, so you have to keep pressing the equal to sign, correct? And if you are using a modern editor like Vi, Emacs, anything they have features to actually add, like plugins to just add it for you or sublime text. So they all come with different plugins. So where you can just type the title and then like press a key combination. There are, like just search. Because these days I'm not actually using any plugins in my Vi. I'm doing it manually. But sublime text has one restricted text snippets or something, that's the sublime text one. Yeah, but that's the minimum number I'm talking about, correct? Yes. The same number of characters, yes. Unicode is always a big issue, correct? Like for most of us in many projects. Yeah. And like time to time I see problems which I have no clue where and why they are coming. So I'm just learning those things, like when and where I'm coming to any particular issue. But I'll keep that in mind. So now we can actually create an HTML out of that restricted text file. So this is the command. RST to HTML. The first the restricted file name and then the output final HTML file. So just click and press enter. You should have the HTML file in your computer and just open it in your browser, favorite browser. Or not so favorite one, but got it? So I'm going to skip things now. I mean a little bit faster. So we can have paragraphs of text in our restricted text. Blank, that means empty line will create a new paragraph. So if you want to write 10 lines in a paragraph, just write them continuously without giving any blank line in between. So empty line will create a new paragraph for you. So just type out something randomly, some characters so that you can find it out. Comments. You can actually have comments within restricted text. I never use them yet. You can still have them if you want. Section titles. So generally, documents can be divided into sections, subsections. So any of those characters can be used as a section title. And the idea is you put the characters below the title. And you can choose any one of them. And say for example, if we choose the dash as a section title, and next time you have to use the dash again, you cannot use any other character for the same level, say section title. So this is an example. Here, we use the section title as equal to. So next, if you want to create a subsection, we just use another character, that is dash. So it becomes a subsection. Yes. So that depends on you, like whatever you want to use. But you have to follow the same thing throughout your document. But I generally never went more than subsection level, like sub-subsection. I never had one. So bullet list. That's the easy way. You can again use any of those characters to create a bullet list. Please try it out if you're typing. Use any of those characters for a bullet list. This is the unordered bullet list. Is there a way to type code? Because you show the output of this text, and the code that we should use in the same format. Yes. So as I said, I don't remember things all the time. So even I would love to see how I actually did that. So this is the RST file which I used to create the presentation. Here you go. So the two colons with a tab, that's how generally we write any code examples within restricted text. And in things also, we are going to use the same. So you can see here, like the RST to HTML, it's with a tab. I mean, in this case, four spaces. And we are using this. It's going back here. Ordered list. You can do two ways. Number one, manually type the order on the numbers. One, two, three, four. Or you can get it automatically. Following this rule. So the topics will take care of number two and number three in the list. So it will add it up. Please try it out if it works. If you have any problem. If you have any problem, just ask so many of us here. We'll help you out. Steven, do you think it would be a good idea then to actually add up a few examples with the unicode text? Do you think it would be a good idea to add examples with the unicode text and showing them the error if they can get it? Because that's maybe a way to improve that. Most of us are still not using many cases. Okay, I'll do that then. So there are other things. We are not going to try these things out, but things like definition list. Example, option list. So things which we use to write down like the command line arguments and how you can pass. Those arguments to your particular executable. Then the literal blocks which we use which we are using right now to show the examples. But as you can see it's not using any kind of syntax highlighting and things which we are going to see in the next, the things when we're going to use things. And we can actually have doc test things. So in things we can actually, you can add up your doc test and you can actually run those doc tests from your project documentation and building the documentation. And you can do that. The last one? Yes. So you know about doc tests, correct? You will write titan in the prescription test. Yeah, as a doc test. And we can actually execute that and we can find out if the tests are passing a fail. So that means two things. Number one, you have tests. Number two, your documentation tests are always the correct example because if they fail you will already know it, correct? So you don't have to be worried that your tests are in a different place and you have to copy them to your documentation. You know for sure that your documentation tests are the right ones and they are running passing right now. So you can have table structures. There are two different ways. You can, if you want to have as, like, simple way or a little bit more complex which is not getting inside here. But both of them will work. And one more common thing is links, hyperlinks. So that's an example of how to create a hyperlink. You may want to write this one because this is there pretty commonly in many documentation, correct? We want to add hyperlinks. You want me to put the fit around? It's very important that people haven't done much with structured tests. The white space is significant. So if you write a double column and want to follow this code you actually have to have a new line out of double column. So same thing with the stuff released. So I'm just saying that properly but you have to give blank lines to mark end of the last section and then you are starting writing something new.  And thanks for adding that up. So we can have targeted links also. That means we write down the links details one place and the final destination of the link in another part of your document. I'm just going to skip this because it will be easier. And well, this is again, many times we use this. This is the node. Dot dot node double column and then the nodes. And you can have many things inside the node if you want. Emphasis, text between star. Simple to remember. I know you are typing. I don't know. Are you typing these things? Okay. So you are just typing. What you showed before the table, green tables. Yeah. That's fine. We can see it. Yeah, so. Is there a better way? So better way I cannot say but subline text actually, and even VI, I think one of the plugins had a way like you just write plain text and then press some key combination because it will do magic and it will give you the whole structure drawn for you. The problem happens when you actually make changes. You change any text inside that table and then this end and the beginning goes here where completely. You can have footnotes if you are writing, say, for a book or something or an article. I'm just skipping it. Any questions? Anyway, so this is the end of the basic things which we are looking at. Anything to the RSD? So if you have written all these examples, then I can teach you one small thing which is how to write a pre-created presentation. So you have a file, correct? Test.html. Test.rst, the source code which we are writing right now. So you can use another command which is rst2s5. That is, so you don't have to install it. It comes by default with Docutils package. Rst2s5. And use this on the Rst5 or restructured file you just wrote to create a presentation which will look exactly like that one. You don't have to note it down. You can just Google for this. So it contains the whole specification. So if you want to know what all things are there in restructured text, you can just go there and find it out. But just use Rst2s5 to create the presentation and tell me if it works for you. Yes, correct. The style is inside. Yes, so you can actually pass one of the arguments if I remember with a style sheet and it will apply the style sheet. And there are other tools also while we are discussing this. There is another tool called Hovercraft. So Hovercraft, it creates another little bit different kind of presentation. I can show you just an example. So I am going to just skip through the presentation and nothing to talk about the presentation. But this is created using the same Rst. But with a little bit extra formatting. So instead of sections, here we are using four dashes to create a new slide. And you can do 3D also which I never used but it has a little bit better way of things and you can pass the style sheet and things. All this little bit fancy stuff. I know it's just... Yeah, I know if you use it. But this is the time when I was actually learning this tool and I found, okay, let me try out different things. And this is also a restructure text. So by using this way if you create presentation you will spend more time in actually on the content rather than on the look and the feel of the presentation. So I think most of us actually want that part, correct? Focus on the content rather than the way it works. Thank you. So this is that Python Overcraft project. This is the presentation hovercraft.rt80.org or the docks. So have a look later on. You don't have to do it now but just note it down. So can we move to the things? If you have any questions on the restructure text. Any questions on this? Not hovercraft but RST restructure text. We can move into things. So I just created directly 2015. I'm going to use this as my documentation project. So the general idea is when you create a project it can be a project by the way things can be used for many things. It can help you to create your man pages. It can help you to create your book, PDF or it generates PDF using latex most of the time. So the PDF output looks really nice. We'll have a look at it. It can help you to write books. So I know people who wrote music related books using things. I have a very small book on Python programming which is basically about teaching Python to people. I'm going to go to that example first. I mean this is things what you are looking at here right now. So this is how the things output finally looks like. So he wrote the documentation using things. This is a website called readthedocs.org or rtfd.org. So this project automatically generates your project documentation when you make it available somewhere using some kind of version control system. So I'm going to... And you can have different kind of themes. So I'm opening my book which is pymbook.rtfd.org or readthedocs.org. It's called Python for You and Me. Good thing is there are things like I am actually having two different versions. So the latest is the Python 2 version of the book and there is a Python 3 which is basically a grid branch Python 3. So there is a Python 3 version of the whole book and you can download the pdf or html things from it. Okay, coming back to things. So how to start writing documentation using things. So which was supposed to be the main part of the whole workshop. But I think we have 12 minutes for it. So what's the benefit with using this one that we just write in html? No. So if you write html then you have to maintain the html, correct? We just use like like a tool test processing or one of this work and it's used so that we can maintain as far into the PDF. Correct. So there are a few points so you should feel free to actually use that kind of workflow also but that means you're using more than one tool. And here the benefits what I can see all the time is we are using a standard documentation format which is restutter text. The same tool can give me my main pages. The same tool can give me my really good looking documentation in html, single file, multiple files. The same tool can give me my PDF. And there are already so many projects which are using things. The biggest example should be Python.org itself in the documentation section. So if you read Python project documentation or if you have the PDFs in your computer which you downloaded maybe before and you want to read about it so all of those are generated using things itself and because they use a different theme so the documentation look a little bit different. So that also means you can apply your own theme you can create your own theme and we have projects like read the docs like here which takes care of all your yeah. So read the docs.org this project will take care of all your building of your documentation and publishing it so you can actually configure your github or bit bucket so that every time you make a change and push it to your github or bit bucket the project documentation will automatically get re-bent every time for every change. So that means your documentation is always updated the latest thing and if you want you can keep maintaining the older versions also as a documentation so and you don't have to take any headache. Correct? It's running there all the time. So now the documentation itself is in the code that it generates from the code? Not, yeah we can do that also we will see a little bit small example of that also but most of the document will write separately so that it becomes easier for people to understand and I don't know how many of you read PayPayT anyone? No? Okay.  First, you write Python regularly how many of you? I mean once in three months so how many of you actually know what is a doc string? Okay, doc string? So yeah so I will just go through that example like how you can actually write a little bit better doc string which can give you a way to actually automatically generate the thing the way you want Is this raining? Yes Wow, nice Yeah So the idea is that your documentation generally stays in a directory called docs DOCS all small so I created a directory inside my project I am going inside the docs directory So this is a standardized name which each and every project in generally using and the reader docs also takes that as a default path to find your documentation and so there is a command called things-quickstart please do not press enter listen first there is a command called things-quickstart which is basically few steps it will ask you few questions and based on the answers it will create the make file and the configuration file may not make make file the configuration file basically so you will use that configuration file to generate your documentation so I am going to go through it and you may want to follow along with me so root path for the documentation so this is the docs directory this is where I am going to do it so current directory separate source and build directories I am going for the default option no name prefix I am going with the default option underscore project name this is something I should pass what should be the project name process name author's name I am putting in my name project version 0.1 release it is the same source file suffix so actually you can have either .rst or .txt both of them as the source file for documentation I am going to use the default .rst so that I will be sure that this is a restricted text from the extension master document is the index that means index.rst so now these are the few features which you can use so if you want you can actually rebuild or build EPUBs out of your documentation say you are writing a book instead of just normal documentation so you may want to write create EPUBs I am going to do no actually I am going for no for most of the things the thing you asked for automatically getting documentation doc strings from code I am doing it no for now we can say later on doc test do you want to run the doc test the thing I was basically a few python classes you have to write inside python list in a configuration file write to do entries I am also saying no coverage we can actually add coverage so if you have some kind of mathematical equations there are two ways of generating it one is PNG yeah coverage means that to wariness so it goes into parts of the source code to check that's yes that should be the I think that should be the way or maybe just import the code and see the doc strings are there or not I mean I don't know how it implements it so probably looks at how many functions you have without doc strings and how do you that you should probably keep some in mind so that makes sense without the doc yeah so so there are two ways PNG math you always know if config I am just going for no I never used it yet view code so sometimes you want to give links to like view the code when you are say documenting your API documentation or documenting some class somewhere so now create makefile yes we want to makefile windows command file that is the .bat file I generally put it no because I am not using windows done so after this you just do the files you will see these are the files and directories got created so we have a underscore build this is the place where the final build will happen we have a .bat which is basically all this input which we just provided index.rst is the default index file for your whole documentation makefile and there are static underscore static for any static say in your theme you have some kind of images documentation screenshots or photographs and templates so templates is the place where you are going to use for themes like you want to add particular templates I am going to open up few files here first we are going to see the con.py so you will find out it is a python code which all the thing we put the input we provided the input these things become the parts here so if you want to change your project name you just have to change here so if you remember all the extensions we said I said no to everyone so those extensions are basically here will come here and there are other details so if you are generating some say let's say latex paste pdx or latex output so you can add up extra direct input to the latex system here so like for man pages say your project like which section of the man pages should go for so you can add all those details here and these things are pretty heavily documented into the things website dot if you just have to google once if I open up the index dot rst which are almost out of time but anyway so this is the index dot rst this is the default thing they will give you the things project so you can understand that's the top title there welcome to fosacea the project's name comma I mean documentation and then there is something special here correct dot dot so c3 that is table of content tree so because the documentation for a bigger project will not be only one file it will be spread across various files so we can actually have a table of content directly added here so I'll just write first here and then we'll go through remember this thing this is three spaces by default things creates with three spaces so if you press a tab or create four spaces it will give you an error and it's generally very difficult to find out why it is causing the error for us at least we've figured out like during workshops we'll become little bit confused why so I'm giving just these three spaces so let's say I want in my documentation the first thing I want other than the index maybe install guide correct we need an install guide how to install your software so I'll write the file name without extension install that means what should be my documentation file name install dot rst is it okay? so this name is the file name without the extension in the develop contents is it okay? so now I'm just going to get out and create install dot rst how to install forces here so if I want to have a paragraph like I'm just writing some random documentation so you feel free to add whatever you want to write maybe so this is the install guide this is how you install forces here I'm going to close this and generate the documentation now so there are various builders which are basically what all things you can do with spinks I'm just typing make so it will give you an options what all things you can do if you see it's a pretty long list the things which are available for you we're going to create only the html you see so I'm going to do make html done so it was docs and okay this is the thing make html we got this so the output is underscore build and inside there is html directory I'm going to view the index dot html and we got this so this is the chapter we wrote correct install chapter so you can see the section came here as a section and the subsection is below in the develop content and you can actually know how down you want into the section subsection subsection all those things so I can actually click it I'm here I can see and this is the default theme of spinks so you can feel free to choose whichever spinks theme you want and because this is a static html you just have to publish it over some directory running some web server any web server there are a few things you will get by default with these things like module index you can get index and you can actually search also say here you go so you don't need any particular search engine running on the server to help you out with these things this comes as a default feature and you can remove it also if you don't want any search box you have a question so just try out build your own documentation please ask what's going on so if I open again say install.rst say I want to create a link can you tell me how we did it how we did it anyone remembers how to create a link and then I'm going to make again so now we have a link to the primary website here the best way to learn about things is not actually only about reading the things documentation because it's in depth the easiest option is actually if you want any particular feature which you saw in any other documentation just open the rst file and see how they did it and just copy paste it will work all the time so generally what I tell people like so this is the book which I talked about python for you and me which I showed few minutes back so it contains a docs directory forget about the rest of the directories you can just go to the docs directory and you'll find the whole book as rst files as a things documentation there so if you want any particular things which are there in my book and if you want to have the same thing in your documentation just open up the corresponding file and see how I did it and there is obviously the things the site itself contains all the other documents that means you have to install it outside it's called rst2pdf it's from another python developer ralsina he is from Argentina which is a very nice project if you want to create any quick pdf files from your document so it's just like rst2pdf rst file hyphen old output pdf file but any questions I don't think I will continue too much to mention another feature that I found is extension to use brackets oh ok the hot is not optimal ok I never knew about it because it's graphics where is the graphics those things those other extensions ok nice actually other than doctase auto import I mean from the code things I don't think I used any other extensions till now see this is what I was talking about that you figured out how the other person their file see the example copy paste yes so as I said so the best way to learn is I don't know where I have the example so the best way is so in things you can actually interconnect different projects so you want to go to the module where you have the module example correct or say for example you are writing something a python api and you want to link to the python projects say counter class so there is a shortcut ways which are available inside fields that you can just write it like collections and what do you call the class counter and it will automatically create link to the latest version of that thing so we can have actually look at it a little bit of it I am opening the documentation which I wrote before so that it's easier for me to actually remember I was doing the things I hope this contains some examples yeah so this is the documentation which I am like documenting my api of the submodules so if I go to the docs actually but this is a bad example maybe I am just using this table of contents but I don't remember the exact same text so just Google for it you will find all that it is there and I was actually trying to show something else which is the directives which is starting with dot dot like dot dot note yeah so the directives have specific programmable stuff like dot dot function dot dot method and then you can follow up with either your own so if you manually document your code you have to like function and compare them with but if you do function making back quotes you say where your source code leaves you don't actually find your part your function and it's just a configuration and you have to write functions back quote that means you want to leave this code and another option is actually say do I want to have like expansion click to show source it will embed the source code that you are talking about so what you should do in the code section you are asking me correct so here using the documentation I mean doc string I actually wrote that thing that colon class colon and within back ticks retas.connectionerror so when this documentation will be automatically generated it will know where that class is there so if you click on that it will actually take you to that connection error object so it gets the doc string and if it has the directives there you can use this in your you can use this directly in RST class you can also use that in your doc string so your doc strings can your complete restructured text things so whatever you write there you can actually write it down here and in python documentation which is the thing is that you have to write both places so say you are adding up a new function so you have to write the same documentation quality documentation as your doc string and then you have to write the same thing in python that is the documentation directly also so we maintain both places what I thought about strings was that you could do just put the hope write everything in the doc strings and run strings on the code and get the documentation out of that you can do it like up to a level say you can add up doc strings in the module level strings and you can add many things from there but at the same time you do not want your code to be like 2000 lines when you have say extensive documentation so you want up to some level because the good thing about doc strings like this is that if somebody is actually do not have access to your documentation they are actually imported the module say in the python interpreter and they want to help on the say class or function they will still get this plain text restricted text and they can understand what all things are there so you will see another example here I used a column return column so that way I can actually mark inside a function like what is the return time so and then there is a note and there is a doc test third part so if I see this example this is the q correct so if I go to q this is the thing so you can see that column return column automatically became returns correct exactly what this function is returning and then there is a doc test so and true was evaluated when you generated this object yes yes so you can see from the documentation it's a test effect yes or you can use it at the same time you can use it as an example code also correct that's an example code and it's a test and it's a valid test yeah so your question when you run your build of the docs your doc test will run and you will see an output in HTML of this doc okay so you don't want to publish or maybe you want to fix it before but we always do that correct pushing something which is a failure with it yeah because we're done right test that's a different problem altogether I'm not going into details for that fighting that but the idea is like if you have good documentation you will always find that I mean people will come to your project if they can't find good documentation they will spend maybe few hours maybe few minutes and they'll move to the next project or next company or next product because that's where you do the first level of communication with your users and I'm showing things because I personally found that's a very nice and simple way for me to create better looking good documentation and so many other projects are doing it let's say but there are obviously other tools also available for documentation it's not like you only have to use things like I used to do I mean say you are doing blogging correct and you can actually do blogs using registered text also there are many available options but the best option is from the same guy Ransin who wrote the RHD2 PDF it's called Nikola the website is GetNikola.com this is I think with the highest amount of features and super fancy registered text features it can do YouTube videos galleries and many because they added lots of I mean there are so many options correct I was fun part was like I was using Nikola lot in between because of the upgrades and I did something stupid I had trouble to actually rebuild the things when the little bit syntax configuration file actually got changed so after that I moved to Mangtown based blogs because I figured out in my blog I actually am not doing so much fancy stuff so I just need my blog is running my own tool that maybe you can mess it up one so the nice thing about Sphinx is that it's already an old project with so many plugins that you can do stuff but there's a new project for simpler another upcoming the commutator called MKDocs it's by the same guy who did Jungle Restful so the full Jungle Restful is written in MKDocs a lot of so it already has a built-in read-the-docs theme which is not used here but it's the big difference is that this one is using plain markdown if you know markdown you don't need to learn Sphinx but the disadvantage yet is that you don't so easily integrate with a distinct code base but writing documentation or starting writing documentation zero barrier for starting so Sphinx barrier is you need to learn structured text yes but this is a very very easy way to start writing documentation it's incredibly simple so there are many options available so you have to choose which one works best for you we're not going to tell you that thing but like please use these things and write to documentation for whatever project whatever things you are working on it really helps people so many times I know like and all of you get frustrated over the developer whose module you may want to write but you can't find a single example working example which would work correct or even about how to get that source code properly so please work on those things like if you have any problem there are so many like if you go to the IRC channels like you can even ask on hash python there will be enough people who can actually point you out how to solve your issues like any students anyone no okay one two okay nice so just as a separate note the GSOC is like Google Samarov code is there and the PSF is also taking part doing a participation with all so many sub projects so if you want to apply any of the projects this might be a good time to open the proposal opens up tomorrow student proposals so thank you for coming down and my website is kushaldash.in I think and my Twitter handle is adred kushaldash so feel free to tweet to me or you'll find my email id kushaldash.jiva.com ask me anything if you have any problem I work so


Amsterdam. So it's your caramie. All right. Thank you. Rick picking me up from the airport. Rick and bringing a coffee. That was so sweet in Americana. Are you right? Paul. Paul. And the sign. Right. Genius. I can't. Well, it's good to be home, everyone. OK, a couple of boxes arrived while I was gone. Hold on. A big one. We're going to open this up, not today. Yes, believe it or not, this big box does connect to running. So we're going to open up that soon. Not today. Today we are unpacking from Amsterdam yesterday's blog. If you haven't seen it yet, I break down the race. What happened in the race? The good and maybe the not so good, but today we're talking about the workouts that I think really helped me get ready for Amsterdam and maybe the workouts that weren't quite as effective as I had hoped. But big announcement in tomorrow's blog.  Make sure you come back tomorrow's blog. It's it's a big one. It's a big. You're not going to want to miss it. So OK, first figure out how to open this up. Whoo. OK, there they are. There they are. I must say they treated me well. They treated me very well. I was very pleased with them. Whoo. That was a tough race. And for those that are new to the channel, welcome a lot of new folks here because of Vienna and Kichogi and then Amsterdam. Welcome. This is a running daily vlog YouTube channel. Make a video every single day for all of you. I love it. I love building a community around this sport that is hard. It's hard, you know, when things maybe don't go as plain when there's injuries that pop up. But at the end of the day, I think running gives us so much in return that we will never be able to fully understand here on this earth. So anyway, and in addition to the daily vlogs, I do running shoe reviews. That's what I was getting at. So this is the Nike rack of shoes that I'm testing and continue to test for all of you. The next percent's up here. So anyway, in case you're wondering what's going on in the closet, that's what it is. Now I was not sure everyone how sore I would be, you know, delayed onset muscle soreness. Two days later, I'll just say right now, I was more sore after the US Mountain Running Championships which was 2,200 feet of vertical gain and loss over seven miles. I was definitely more sore after that race. So this is, I'm actually very excited about how my legs feel right now. What is today? Today's Tuesday. So I raced on Sunday, so it's two days later. So this should be the most sore that my legs feel. We'll see how they feel tomorrow after a job today, heading to the pool and then into the sauna. I'm actually a big fan of warming the legs up and then I will do an Epsom salt bath as well. In addition to foam rolling and this guy, the balance disc rolling out my ankles and such. And today we are taking out the A6 glide ride. I have not had a chance yet to talk to you all about this shoe but I actually wore it once. I squeezed in a run just before leaving for Vienna in the A6 glide ride and it felt amazing actually. So I'm excited to get you the breakdown first impressions of the A6 glide ride. Oh yeah, by the way, sounds like there was a little bit of a takeover in the live stream during the Amsterdam marathon. I don't know. I guess you were watching on Facebook and YouTube and then right on the website and they had chat where you could chat live, so that was cool. And so thank you for all the support. Pretty amazing. I'm getting quite a few messages about how there was a good, strong, DeMor global running contingent there. So, okay, just rolling out here using the hyper ice. Oh man, that, oh man. Whew, cool. So did you get more Bobo bars yesterday? Perfect, it was so good. There we go. All right, I could clean up a little bit. I cleaned up a little bit. I'm putting a tie on in the studio. We're heading out on date night here in a minute after I filmed this clip for all of you. So a little special date night since we're going out somewhere nice to celebrate the Amsterdam marathon and what happened there. So hence the tie in the studio. Usually I'm not dressed up out here in the studio but tonight I am sitting next to the A6 glide ride on a nice three mile, 5K run today, 10 minute pace, beautiful, and then into the gym. I'm excited to see how the legs feel tomorrow. And yeah, so everything's feeling pretty good. Okay, what I just have completed over the past, let's say four to six weeks, really the last two months starting with the Pikes Peak Ascent which is a mountain race and for all the new subscribers, I am a mountain runner. I love running in the mountains. I'm actually, I've been doing ultra races for the past four to five years, four and a half years now and in 2019, I had this idea to try and qualify for the Olympic trials here in the United States. So that's why I needed to run under 219 in Amsterdam in order to qualify. Didn't happen, but that's okay. And I'm realizing the stark difference very quickly between the mountain and ultra racing and then marathon racing as far as really the pacing and kind of the scientific approach versus running a little bit more by feel, I would say, out on the trails and in ultra racing where there's a lot of elevation gain and loss. It's just out of no, it's a little different strategy. So I'm learning as I go and but I want to share tonight about the workouts that I think worked well for leading into Amsterdam and maybe the workout that didn't work quite as well. But I will say that this transition kind of to the road racing, the marathon racing, I am, again, back to that half marathon split, 106.53. I think this development of speed for longer distances, I think it's going to help long term when I do return to the trails, which actually is in like a month from now, or three months from now in Argentina for the world mountain running championships. I think speed, I think turnover, I think confidence at quicker speeds is just good. It's good for the mountain runners, especially since the race in Argentina, it's only a seven mile race. Now, first of all, will I mix in more pavement training into another marathon training block down the road? I think I will. Now, the reason I did not, I did zero high speed training on pavement for Amsterdam. Why? Because of the Cleveland Marathon, I wanted to stay healthy and sure enough, we did it. We arrived on the starting line in Amsterdam healthy, and that was the goal. So I don't regret not going on to the pavement, but how my legs reacted in the race, especially like from 16 to really 16 mile 16 to the end, but really 16 to, it was just incredibly painful. And my feet, my feet were also hurting a little bit. So again, I think just, I don't know if my feet were totally ready for the hard pounding on the pavement. So that's a little lesson learned there. Okay, the workouts. What did I do? I ran up many 14ers leading up to the Amsterdam Marathon. What is a 14er? It's a 14,000 foot mountain. That's what we call them here in Colorado. We have 50, some people say 54, some people say 58. We'll go with 54 for now, 14,000 foot mountains in Colorado. So I probably averaged one to two 14,000 foot mountain runs per week for really the last two to three months starting way back with Pike's Peak. And most of those runs were between 14 and 21 or 22 mile runs at, you know, slow paces, but getting up into high altitude, which I love getting up there. Okay, so I did that two long runs of 24 miles each. We'll talk about that in a minute. And then two threshold runs, one nine mile threshold run and one 13 mile threshold run. And then only one, only one interval session. I don't mind interval sessions, but it's not my true passion, like getting on a track and, you know, cranking out 800 meters or 800 meter repeats or a ladder workout. So I only did one 12 by 1K repeat workout with 90 seconds rest. So that was my only really major and the reason, okay, so what worked and what did not work? I think definitely the best workouts for my marathon training, 100% were those threshold runs, no doubt. That's probably no surprise to you. Whenever I finished the nine-miler and the 13-miler, the confidence I had that I could run 517 pace, even though I went too fast in Amsterdam at the beginning, the threshold runs here in Denver were just spot on for my confidence and yes, for pushing my threshold, my anaerobic threshold a little further down. Okay, so that's one and then the long run. So the 20, I did two 24-mile long runs. I think the second one I could have cut back to 22 miles or 21 miles actually. I'm actually, the reason I did two of them is because in 2018, I'm pretty used to doing 25, 28, even 30-mile long runs, getting ready for a 50K or a 50-mile race, which I was doing in 2018. So a 24-mile long run, I would not recommend that. I think 20 or 21, maybe 22 is just fine for somebody that's training for a marathon or especially if it's your first marathon. But for me, I think that second 24-mile long run could have been reduced to 21 or 22 just to save the legs a little bit, okay? Okay, and then the 12x1K spot on, but I wish that I would have replaced maybe, and this is that battle. This is the inner battle between the passion for mountain running and the discovery of the roads. And again, everyone, I had so much fun chasing Mikkel Butter. I called him Michael Butter, but this gentleman who is a pacemaker in my group in Amsterdam, I think it's pronounced Mikkel, which is Mikkel. So Mikkel Butter, and who knows how you pronounce it in, I guess is it Dutch? No, it's not Dutch. Anyway, I was chasing this Mikkel Butter and so anyway, I had so much, even though I love the mountains, I had so much fun getting into that pack for, I was with them for 15, 16 miles. I think it was about mile 16 where I lost them and maybe a little before that. Anyway, it was so fun. So I'm discovering as I go, this passion for getting in a pack because it doesn't really happen like that in an ultra race. You're usually alone out there on the trails. So I probably would have added another 1K repeat workout and replaced a mountain run with a 1K repeat workout, probably eight by 1K, maybe even six or seven by 1K with like 60 seconds rest, okay? So that's a little lesson learned just to continue to work on that turnover speed and yeah, that advancement of the anaerobic work. So that is a little lesson there. And last but not least, the tempo runs which for me, I always struggle with finding because tempo runs, I really try not to look at my watch. I just, again, just going by feel and like what feels good and up tempo on that day. Maybe I'm tired, maybe I'm not as tired but usually it's around six minutes, six 15, maybe six 20 pace somewhere in there and I would do one of those a week leading into Amsterdam and I think it was spot on usually between 12 and 15 miles. So really enjoyed the tempo runs. I would not change really anything about them. Maybe actually, okay, maybe in the next marathon training block I will do one of those tempo runs every other week on pavement perhaps just to get the legs a little used to pavement. That's just an idea I need to think a little bit more about. And just in conclusion, again with Amsterdam, it was amazing. I went out too fast. I know that now. I definitely, I went out too fast but again, I don't have any regrets about it because it really, I think it's planted a seed that 106 time is just planted a seed that okay, if I can just be a little more patient at the beginning and really attempt to perhaps even try a negative split at some point in another marathon like I think good things can happen. And that question of the day. All right, here we go. It's hard. It's hard to reflect back on a marathon training block and just be really brutally honest with yourself and ask this, what is a workout that I did or maybe a couple workouts that I did in the marathon training block that just didn't work. Maybe made you too tired. Maybe caused an injury. Maybe you feel like just set you, like wasn't quite on point to like for me maybe staying away from the pavement completely wasn't ideal. Who knows, who knows? So anyway, that's the question of the day and I think it's good to for me especially now that I have one marathon under my belt to really go inward and start to think about these questions for the future. All right, all right, that's it everyone. Okay, actually we're not, we're not signing off yet. Come on now. We're going on date night. Here we go. We got the bump. All right, life is good in America. Back in America. Oh, we're back. We're back. He's home. You want to give a shout out to everyone in Amsterdam took care of me. I thank you. Rick picking me up from the airport and bringing a coffee and so sweet in Americana. Are you right? Paul, Paul, right? Genius. I literally never thought of that. And you are brilliant. We're going to hang it up in the studio. And we're taking it to every place. Brilliant. Brilliant. All right. You're after him. You're good people. Good people in Amsterdam. Hello. Yeah, so the audio is not working. My mic is, the battery died. So you're getting all the ambient noise of the restaurant just so you know. It's like you're here with us. Boom. It's delicious. Hello. Better than I remember. So good. It's so fun to be together again. We're back. We're back. Actually, we might just close it out right here. Oh. Yeah, let's do it. All right. We're signing off. We love you all. Thanks for being here. Thanks for watching. You're the best. We, we just love you. We, I want you to know we feel your love. And guess what? It's your typical. Typical. Too wasted. We'll show them. Boom. Boom. Let's go. It's a beauty. Work hard. And love each other. We'll see you tomorrow.


Welcome to Inside Hawai'i Real Estate, a show dedicated to providing up-to-date information news to Hawai'i home buyers, sellers, and investors. I'm Will Tanaka with my co-host, business partner, and wife, Leone Lam, a realtor with over 20 years of experience and various leadership roles in the Hawai'i real estate industry. Thanks, Will. Will is a lawyer and also the former head of a Hawai'i title and astral company. And now that we're full-time in real estate, we work together as a team to bring you the latest in Hawai'i real estate. So do you have an individual retirement account also known as an IRA? Maybe you have a Roth IRA, maybe you have a 401K plan. How do you think that your accounts are doing in this market these days? Well, you know, today we are highlighting another IRA option for you. And it's nothing new. We've been around since 1975, but this is where you have the control and you can self-direct the funds within your own retirement plan to purchase real estate right here in Hawai'i as an investment. You have the freedom to choose what you are investing in. And we have a very special guest with us today. We have Dan Fullardo, and he is going to be talking to us all about self-directed IRAs.  Dan is the Hawai'i division president and specialized in helping investors with self-directed IRAs. So welcome, Dan. Welcome, Dan. Thanks for having me. Thanks for being with us.  So in simple terms, what is your job, Dan? What is it that you're doing? Well, it is true. As far as I know, I am the only guy in town in the state. So we're self-directed IRA custodians. So most people don't know what that means, but we are the custodians that hold the asset to keep the tax advantages in the retirement account. So you need to have that to have the tax advantages, or it's a personal investment. So if you want to have a retirement account investment, there needs to be a custodian. So we're the custodians, but what that means is we don't sell anything. We don't promote anything. We don't give any advice. There's a lot of things we don't do as a neutral custodian. So the client is the self in self-direction. Real estate is the number one asset that our clients in Hawai'i choose. So most of the time, new clients, prospective clients, they're asking questions about real estate. But real estate is something that they understand already. So we just keep them on the straight and narrow of how to make the investment with their IRAs. All right, Dan. So I mean, self-directed IRAs, for me, it's new. I recently learned it, you know, probably this year over the last year or two. But you know, self-directed IRAs are not a new concept. Like Leonie mentioned, they've been available since 1975, almost 50 years. So is there any difference between a self-directed IRA and a traditional IRA? Or is it the same? And how common is a strategy of self-directing IRAs? Well, like she said, I have been doing this for 16 years. And 16 years ago and today, I still hear people say, I didn't know I could do that. I've never heard of this before. So I do try to preach from the mountaintops about self-directed IRAs because it really is liberating for clients to be able to invest in things that they want to invest in. I don't like the control of it. We follow the same guidelines, the same codes as any other IRA. So the individual retirement accounts and there are many types of them. The rules are set by the IRS. So we follow those same rules as, you know, if you had a half a million dollars in mutual funds with a company, we follow the same rules. Rules to contributions, rules of prohibitiveness, rules of prohibited transactions, rules on distribution, all of those same rules apply. It's not that there's a different self-directed IRA is a different legal. Now it's the same as any other IRA. The difference is the custodian. The custodians allow all the assets that the law will allow, or the custodians only allow stocks and mutual funds. But, you know, most of the companies only, they promote certain mutual funds, right? So if you go to your bank and you say, I want to get an IRA, they're going to have retirement products, you go to a stock broker and say, I want an IRA, they're going to have mutual funds and different financial products, but they're selling those products and promoting specifically those products. So if you want to invest in something that they don't have, they're going to say, well, you can't do that, or go see Dan, you know, that's a really nice part. In the banks, they really want to buy property and we don't allow that. So can you help them out? That's always been very nice.  So what are some of the specific tax advantages with self-directed IRAs when used for real estate purchases? I mean, can you buy and sell in the self-directed IRA? How much control do you really have? There are quite a few advantages over what it would be in a mutual fund, right? You have the control of, well, we follow the same rules about contributions. So one of the advantages of all retirement accounts IRAs are when you make the contribution, your annual contribution, it adjusts your income down. So you're not paying as much taxes that year because your adjusted gross income is now lower because you've contributed to your retirement account. So that's one. And with the SEP IRA, which is what many realtors have and independent business people, people that are 1099 and not W2 employees, those people can have a SEP IRA and you may or may not have heard of a SEP IRA and that's OK. Most people have it. But in the real estate world and independent small businesses, SEP IRAs are a wonderful vehicle. I was just saying that the IRS has come out with the new annual contribution limits and that is $66,000 or 25% of your annual income can be contributed to a SEP. So you can imagine if you made quite a bit of money and you didn't want to pay income taxes year on all of that money, you could contribute up to $66,000 to your SEP with lower your tax bill for the year. So that's one advantage. The other advantages are the actual buying and selling of the real estate. So if you bought a property with your personal money, then you're going to pay taxes on the income from that rental property in the year that you made that. Right. So most people understand that you have rental income and that income is taxed because it's personal. But when it's inside of a retirement account, that income is deferred till retirement time. So when you sell the property, there's no capital gains tax. So if you bought a property for $500,000 and you sold the property for $600,000 whenever you wanted to sell it, if you wanted to sell it, those are still choices of the self directed account. There wouldn't be capital gains on that additional $100,000 of profit. You would just have $600,000 back in your retirement account to make a new investment or multiple investments. So that's really nice. And one of the other advantages is you don't have to worry about 1031 exchanges because there's no timeline. There's no tick tock of the 1031 because if you don't find another property, that cash is still in your account waiting to be reinvested. So that's one of the nice benefits as well. Capital gains, nobody likes to talk about capital gains, but you can defer the capital gains. It is just going back into the IRA. Wow. So I'm getting really excited about this self directed IRA because for me, I have a pretty stagnant 401k that I started back when I was an employee before I became an independent contractor. I also have a small Roth IRA. So I'm kind of wondering if I have those two available and I wanted to put them into a self directed IRA, would I need to have two different self directed IRA accounts or could I put those both into one self directed IRA account? They are separate. So the traditional, the 401k rolls into a traditional IRA, which is tax deferred, the Roth is tax free because you've already paid the taxes on the contributions. So it's after tax money that you contributed into the Roth. So many people have that situation. They have a larger 401k that rolls into a traditional IRA and they have a smaller Roth that they put in extra money when they had extra money to contribute to the Roth. So if you have the traditional IRA and the Roth IRA, it's possible for those two accounts to co-invest into the same property, but the accounts themselves need to remain separate. Got it. Okay. And then for those accounts, like so say the traditional IRA, like you're saying, and then, you know, the Roth IRA account and make them into two different self directed IRA accounts. Then do I have to transfer all of the funds in those accounts into myself directed or is it their flexibility in the amount I can transfer? So always up to the client. And when I talk about self directed IRAs, there's a lot of choices and decisions that the self, the client gets to make. Right. So my answer to that is typically if you have a dollar amount for a property you're looking at and you need that much money, then it doesn't matter if it's all or partial, it's up to you. So if you have a traditional IRA or 401k, whether you're going to move over the full amount or a partial amount, that's always up to the client to decide how much and the answer is typically how much is the property going to be and how much do you need to make that investment. But sometimes they don't like where they are. So they want to leave that company over there. And sometimes they like that company over there, but they really want to buy that piece of real estate over there. And that company won't let them. So they move over just enough to buy that piece of property. And those are just decisions that the clients are going to make. So it sounds like there's just a lot of flexibility and also a lot of control for the client that has these type of accounts. And then I was wondering too, like for the initial setup, you know, the fees, right? And is there, what are the fees look like? Are there annual fees associated with self directed IRAs? Is it comparable to the fees that you would have with a traditional IRA for, for example, or how, how did, what does that look like? Nobody likes the word fees. Nobody like, I don't like fees. They don't charge me fees. And I was like, yeah, that fidelity, that big charity, right? You know, there are fees you either pay up front or there are commissions from buying and selling the mutual funds. They're not doing it for free. Businesses need to make a living. So our fees are very clear right up front. $30 to open in the account when your IRA is purchasing a piece of real estate, it's $250 on the transaction. So we handle the escrow signing and the paperwork and the closing for the IRA. And then our annual administration fee is $390 to hold per asset. So one asset means one piece of property, typically. We do charge $30 to wire funds to escrow. Escrow likes to have wire funds. So if we send them by wire, but those are typically our fees. We do have other fees. But when it comes to real estate, those are the main ones. Opening the account is $30. Purchasing the property is $250. And then the annual fee is $390. Well, thanks for sharing that because those fees don't sound so scary to me, so it's good to know, you know. So thank you for sharing that. You're welcome. I'm trying to put it up front because if you ever look at your statement from your stockbroker and try to find out how much their fees are, what are they charging to buy and sell? And when do you break even points? They make it very difficult to find. So we try not to be that way. We try to let the clients know up front, hey, if you want to sell that property, it's going to be $250. You know, if you want to buy that property, it's going to be $250. I totally agree with you. And then, you know, so are there, so once I set up my self-directed IRA, and I'm getting really excited about it, are there caps limiting how much I can contribute on an annual basis? Or is it like I can put in as much as I want every year? How does that work? I often get that question from people that are just about to sell a property and make some, some big cash money, and they want to put it all into the IRA. So that unfortunately is not possible. There are contribution limits. So with a traditional and a Roth IRA, it's $7,000 a year. So that's not very much to be talking about buying real estate if you're only contributing $7,000 a year. With the SAP IRA for 1099 independent business owners, it's up to $66,000. I think it's about $27,000 on the simple, but there are, there are caps and it's always go talk to your CPA, talk to your tax professional. How much can you afford to contribute? Because unlike a 401k, we're not taking the money. You're sending the money to your IRA. So if you have the money, you can make the contribution. If you don't have the money, that's your responsibility that you didn't make the contribution, right? So it's always being neutral. We refer clients to talk to their people. And when you have a CPA and a tax professional that knows your tax situation, knows how much. If you contribute X amount, you might be lowered into the lower tax bracket and pay less taxes. Listen to those people because they're very helpful on how much you can contribute. And they're always in favor of their clients contributing to the retirement accounts. That's without a doubt, whoever they are, they're going to tell you, this is how much you can put in. And you should put all of that in. You know, we don't tell you how much you should put in. We can tell you how much you can put in, but not what you should do. That will leave to the CPAs and tax professionals. Yeah, and you're so refreshing. You're just straight up chanted and love it. We love it. Okay, so when it comes to investment properties owned by self-directed IRAs, it cannot be used as a personal private residence, right? So only for investment purchase. But let's say that we purchased a self-directed IRA property and laid it down the line in the future. What if I decided we want to live in that investment property, is this option available and how does this work, right? That is often the case. And I tried to, you know, like I said, IRAs come in all sizes, but we know the price point of entry real estate in Hawaii. So I try to use a number that people can understand. And they're like, I don't have that, but whether it's 100,000 or a million, it really doesn't matter. It's still the same rules. So let's say your IRA had a half a million dollars, $500,000 and you bought a rental property and it's got a nice income, the rental income going back to the IRA, the expenses are being paid from the IRA, be a property manager or no property manager. But when people have a half a million dollars in mutual funds in their IRA, they never think about living in it, right?  So the IRS says that's an IRA worth a half a million dollars. When you have a piece of property that's worth a half a million dollars in the IRA, the IRS rules still apply. You can't live in it. You can't have personal benefits from it because the IRA hasn't paid its taxes yet and it's being held within a retirement account. But people do think about living in the house that their IRA owns a lot, you know, that's the normal question. It's human nature to see that this is a physical asset and while I'm using it as an investment property for my retirement, maybe I might want to live in it someday. So what would that look like? Well, it's called an in-kind distribution. So when you get to retirement age, you start taking money out of your IRA and that's a distribution. So that's what most people are familiar with. You want $50,000 this year to go have a nice retirement trip or whatever it might be and the money is in your IRA, you take a distribution. When you take the distribution, that's when it's taxable. It's taxable at your income bracket. So you haven't paid taxes yet, but when you take it out and put it in your pocket, it's taxable. So that's when you talk to your tax professional, your CPA about, hey, I want to get some money out of my retirement account. But how much is it going to cost me in taxes and how often should I take it out? So that's typically with cash, but you can also do an in-kind distribution, taking the asset itself as a distribution instead of taking out cash, you're taking out value. So that looks like a quick claim deed. You are changing the ownership from being the IRA to yourself personally, and that can be it is a tax, taxable transaction. So clients have different feelings about wanting to do that, not wanting to do it. Everybody wants to do it, but can I afford to do it with the tax implications? Talk to your tax professional about that. But it is possible. And sometimes clients will spread out the distribution over a period of time with taking off a slice amount. So let's say 100% of the property is owned by the IRA and you're going to take 20% for five years, then you're going to pay tax on the 20% distribution. And at the end of the fifth year, the IRA owns 0% and you personally own 100% of that property, then you can live in it because you own 100% of it. So that's how some clients do it when they just really think, maybe I want to live in that house someday, we're going to rent it for the next 10 years. But as I get closer to retirement age, that could be the place we're going to retire. And if they don't have to buy the house, they can distribute the value out and pay the taxes along the way when they can afford to when their CPA tells them they can. Then that's how that works. Hey Dan, what is that age? So under the IRS, what is the retirement age he says? Well, the age of 59 and a half is when the early distribution penalty goes away forever. So if you are under 59 and a half and you want $20,000 out of your IRA, for example, then it's taxable. So let's just say you're at a 20% tax bracket, right? So if you're under 59 and a half, there's a 10% penalty for early distribution. So that would be 30% off of the $20,000 that you take out. And that's very expensive money. So 59 and a half is when the early distribution penalty goes away. So our start of most distributions of clients in retirement is after 59 and a half because nobody wants to pay the 10% penalty. They might be able to pay the taxes, but that 10% penalty is the government saying keep the money in there. You're still too young. This is for retirement. Okay, good to know. And then how about foreclosures or properties to flip, leasehold properties? Can you use self-directed IRAs to buy those type of properties? All of those things are fine. Whatever type of property they're looking at, the clients, what they're interested in, the price point that they needed to be, it all works. Leasehold, buy, fix and flips, raw land, developed land, condo, tell, the simple leasehold, whatever they choose, it's fine because it's an asset held by the IRA. Love it. So much flexibility, so much control empowerment, I guess is kind of a better word. So with a self-directed IRA, can you partner with other investors or maybe even yourself to make the purchase? Yes. The answer is yes to that. And it can be structured either for talking about real estate, it could be tenants in common and that other tenant could be you or it could be another IRA or it could be anybody that chooses to pony up the money to be the tenants in common. It could be 5050, it could be 7525 and that's how smaller IRAs are often in a deal on a real estate investment, right? There may not be enough in your IRA to buy that property, but there could be tenants in common or it could be under the structure of a Huey in an LLC where the IRA is not the owner on title, but the IRA is a member of the LLC Huey and there's other investors that own the property and they get their percentage of the benefits of it. So yes, you don't have to have always just one IRA by one property and often spouses both have retirement accounts that can co-invest into the same property as tenants in common or in a Huey. So I think we're definitely thinking about opening ourselves right now. We purchased real estate here in Hawaii. What are some tips that you can offer us and our viewers? You were thinking about this. Well, I think the best is, you know, our advice is open the account, fund the account and purchase the asset.  So you want things to go smoothly just as you would, you wouldn't go put in an offer on a house if you didn't have any money or financing coming, right?  So that's really makes it smoother with the transaction and try to look at a property that might have low HOA dues, you know, or is appreciating faster than something around might be or a neighborhood, you know, it's the same things that you would think about with any other real estate investment, right? Is this a good neighborhood? Is it up and coming? Is it broad land? And is there any appreciation happening? Are the rents high? Can I buy it and fix it up and sell it for a profit or rent it for more money? Those are the same kinds of questions that any real estate investor would be looking at. Great to know. So in terms of self-directed IRAs to purchase real property, basically you cannot use your personal money, everything. So even like renovation costs, hiring contractors, plumbers, electricians, you have to use money from the self-directed IRA, correct? That's correct. So the IRA is the buyer and the owner. So who pays expenses? The owner, right? So if you want to use your personal money, it could be a contribution. If you have a set and you can make a nice contribution for the year, or maybe it's the end of the year and the new year is just around the corner and you can do a 2023 contribution and a 2024 contribution. I mean, that's quite a bit of money if you're looking at $132,000 or, you know, that's some money for a fix. Or maybe you're just going to lend the money to a flipper. That can be another way to be involved in a real estate transaction. You know, maybe the flipper has money to buy the house, but not enough money to fix the house, to sell the house a nice profit. So they were looking for bridge loans, you know, something to get them through the fix. Those are all ways that IRAs can invest in real estate, whether it's on title in an entity like a Huey or tenants in common or lending money to somebody else's real estate project. So you were amazing. You're amazing. So much good stuff. And I think we could do a part two next year. We was really happy. Yeah. So how do people, yeah, how do people reach out to you? I know there's a website. Yes, of course.  IRA, Hawaii.com IRA, Hawaii.com local number<PHONE_NUMBER>. And I'd be glad to talk to people. It's there's the same questions all the time. And I do this. Can I do that? How does this work? You know, and after 16 years, I've heard all the questions and I can't say I know all the answers, but I know most of the answers. And if I don't know the answer, I can find the answer. And I'm always happy to be stumped by not knowing the answer. You know, 16 years ago, I didn't know all the answers. And now I'm pretty much know the answers. Well, you've been so kind to us in answering all of our many questions. And I wish we had more time. But thank you so much for being a guest on Inside Hawaii Real Estate, Dan. Thank you for having me. Thank you, Dan and Aloha. Aloha.


Alrighty guys, what's going on? We got Kyle and Shawn here with Leighton sports cards We've been 2023 mosaic football choice 10 box break number 10 or number 13. Sorry random teams Did it randomize for the break? We had Kenny K with the Lions down to tom b with the Packers Good luck here everybody. Let's see what we got. Give me some choice Next up will be bowman you and we'll end the night with um nt nt football I think he's saying 85 of a comp. Yeah a comp of a comp on it If there's any yeah person Watson silver and silver randy moss on the mosaic Here is that's 25. It's gonna be a larry brown in focus for the cowboys first auto there on the green and black larry brown for the cowboys In focus We have our red and yellows. Ooh, there's a black and gold That is to 80. It's gonna be andre reed for the bills Always find Shawn's voice and black and gold is going to be josh jacob's for the raiders Nice one there raiders on the black and gold That is numbered to eight when it's one out of eight Let's start there. We got a um to 80 luke schoonmaker And then not numbered on the red and green steps and benet and a manual forps the camera hates these mosaics man. Oh man I have to get like touching the freaking screen It does not like these mosaics There's a silver almond rock Got a mosaic christian Gonzalez. That one's gonna be rookie for the um patriots and our auto And we got two we got two autos. This is a base auto jaden reed for the uh packers Nice one. They've been playing well for the pack not numbered jaden reed and this one will be to 25 Green and black auto for the giants. It's odis anderson Second odis anderson of the day not who you expect to get two of in 25 to 80 got ken walker um teddy bruschke for the patriots to 80 and a michael ervin from the u And then um green and red not numbered as will anderson texans and gyre brown for the niners box three Again guys, we are filled up for today. I think we're filled up for personals as well So start grabbing spots for tomorrow. Um sam will get into uh get into the store at 10 o'clock He'll start going. Um, they got inception baseball the start of the day museum And then he's on to star wars masterworks. That'll be the new release tomorrow Star wars masterworks a more um higher end um star wars products I'll be releasing tomorrow with sam There's a kirk cousins got a lucas van ness. That's gonna be rookie. Um mosaic Another one back to back with two autos. That is the 25 green and um black auto mac jones mac jones patriots and two eights. This is black and gold auto tori holts Nice one there rams The tori holt the greatest show on turf Black and gold on the rams auto there Had dallas clark to 80 on the um red and yellow red and yellow dallas clark holts We have mazy smith cowboys to 80 And chris godwin fire the cannons to 80 Green and red is a diane henley and shone cliford packers All right. All right guys keep it going. Good luck everybody silver national pride derrick henry got a um mosaic amari cooper First auto is not number tucker crafts. Um rookie tight end for the uh packers been pretty good for them tucker crafts Got um red and yellow to 80 jordan adison nice one there vikings And red and yellow to 80 of t law national pride jacks and de andre swift to 80 And we've got a marty ma pu rookie red and uh red and green and a colby wooden come on Colby wooden for the packers not numbered on those red and greens box four Sorry box five silver chad rylan rookie mosaic tim brown and auto is going to be a taijay spears rookie red and yellow auto Hey, thank you brian grabbing a spot with sam tomorrow inception to start out the day Taijay spears red and yellow to 80 or sorry not numbered Is that a peacock who we do a peacock coming and a black and gold in this pack? Geez Kurt warrants 80 red and yellow Black and gold is a rookie b john robinson. Wow for the falcons Come on man anything anything tonight Falcons who's got a man? Why am I blanking here? That is Brian D brian d on the uh b john robinson one out of eight We'll mag that for you sir sick hit there Falcons to eight on the b john fire. That is sick Number two eight and right behind it for the bucks. We got a um peacock rookie of kalia cancy the buccaneers Fire the cannons fire the cannons man. Nice one there brian Got a tyree wilson green and red rookie and a um jetevis martin green and red rookie Alrighty halfway Oh man that kind of night man kind of night box six That kind of night. There's a silver dj turner rookie got mosaic etian And this will be legaret blunts on the auto for the bucks Fire the cannons legaret blunt there on the auto Nice one there Not numbered on the uh base got to 80 densel ward Browns got a rookie joy porter jr. Steelers And ryan tana held to 80 Sam LaPorte on the red and green nice one there lions and a dorian williams red and green The garret blunt was a lions legend really? Come on. Oh remember what garret blunt on the lions. What's up spencer? Spence. What are we doing? Whoops Ben quit using all the stash luck Can't help it Kyle. I can't help it man. Tonight has been crazy man. Tonight has been crazy Got a silver gerome bettis Tonight there's a drake london silver and this is josh jacob's josh jacob's in focus yellow red auto Got a nice black and gold jacob's in an auto. There you go raiders to 80 joey bosa coal comet Colby wooden to 80 on the rookies. I'm a bed ridden old man. Oh, no Green and red is drew sanders and velimi fahoko. Oh, you had the Foot surgery something like that spencer. I forgot what you were telling me Hopefully you feel better had them corns removed. Hope you feel better, sir bunions I think it was foot surgery. I don't remember Needs brain surgery The silver brine burns go nose Got a uh mosaic george kiddo and this will be luke musgrave on the red and yellow luke musgrave packers auto Got tanked out red and yellow to 80 nice one. They're texans Got gino smith to 80 and dug gloomy to 80 Just a tear Red and green rookie is gonna be broderick jones feel that man and marvin mim's red and green rookie broncos wait It doesn't get better All right, you guys last two nine and ten here mosaic choice Pretty good case man At a right 20. That's right That is right, especially silver mark andrews mosaic of tj watt And auto is a black and gold auto that's going to the packers robert brooks Packers there on the uh black and gold auto to eight to 80 at chrysalave Shaq tomson and black and gold dexter lorenz. How many black and golds are in this freaking half case eight of eight there for the giants black and gold dexter lorenz this time Got a green and red um ventra miller jags and vikings j ward rookie green and red Last box here guys. Good luck black and yellow Yeah, that's shawn's uh comes color coordination tonight. He was trying to get the sealers to win but you know The black and yellow boys did not get it done. They stink. There's a um joey bosa Gotta be jawn mosaic There's a debo and we've got a redemption. That's a debo auto for the niners Oh, i'm no steel fan And redemption It is jackson smith and jigba on the mosaic choice auto black and gold two eight There we go seahawks out of control, man Black and gold to eight on the rookie auto for the seahawks Who's got him that is jordan b? There we go my man black and gold to eight rookie auto of jackson smith crazy There's a black and red to 80 mac jones boomer assaysen black and gold on the rookie is gonna be a christian gunzales Patriots I said how many black and golds and they kept uh, they challenged me They said we got more eric e there with the patriots Christian Gonzales good db for them three out of eight black and gold rookie to eight Red and green jalen hyatt and on the back brian branch red and green not numbered lions All righty guys, we'll do a quick hit recap on that one and then we are on to um bowman chrome you That was freaking fire. You got a um Debo samuel base auto niners. We had black and gold to eight robert brooks Moot musgrave. We had josh shake-ups auto leg air blunt Tyjay spears tucker crafts black and gold tory hulk greatest show on turf to 25 mac jones patriots and to 25 otis anderson had um jaden reed auto to 25 larry brown cowboys and um seahawks jackson smith black and gold to eight And then on the back. We also had a um bijan robinson to eight black and gold mosaic that one was one of eight And we go falcons Alrighty guys, that'll do it for mosaic. Let me get a quick picture of that and we'll get going on bowman you next


Hello again everyone I'm Ray Gildow host of Lakeland Currents. Join me this week as my guests and I talk about ocular disease.


What's your dad's name? Mothen. Mothen. How many kisses did they give her? How many kisses? How many kisses is it always? Enjoying each other's company, they play together for hours. Two hours a week, in fact. Because Sue is a volunteer, recruited by West Sussex County Council's FAB service. FAB stands for Fun and Breaks, a service designed to give weekly two hour breaks to disabled children and their families. Four year old Samuel has got to know Sue over two years and the time just flies by when they're together. I think when I retired early from work I felt that I needed to do something and I wanted to give something back to the community. And I searched around for volunteering jobs. Decided I didn't want to work in a charity shop or do anything like that. With quite closely with people. Sue calls at the family home each week to take over for a short while the task of looking after Samuel who has cerebral palsy. Today they're going out, but because the service is flexible the visit could just as easily be in the evening or at a weekend instead of a weekday and it could just be staying in. Fun and Breaks does what it says on the tin. It's fun and a break for parents and children alike. A little space for parents to go out themselves or just catch up with those things which simply don't get done otherwise. Really it's invaluable. It means I have two hours where I can either do paperwork I can go shopping, I walk the dog or sometimes I just chill out. It just gives me that bit of time to myself to get things done. We don't ask for qualifications so they may have had a family. They may not. But they're caring people who are available for a couple of hours and will be flexible and are happy to learn how to care for a child. There are a whole range of people, our volunteers. We have pensioners and everyone in between. Males and females and some couples too. Although Samuel has physical problems with cerebral palsy most families on the fun and break scheme have children with learning disabilities. You know, you could do this. You need to be over 18 but you don't need any qualifications because we'll train and support you. After a criminal records check you'll be given a first aid course and a training day. We'll also cover any on-going out-of-pocket expenses. It's just a two hour commitment once a week but volunteers tell us it really puts their own lives into perspective. Looking show Daddy. I think you've only got to look at Samuel to see what I get out of it. He's a lovely little boy and it gives me a sense of fulfilment. I'm friendly with the family. They become like an extension of my family really so I get a lot out of it. He just loves seeing her and she's become like part of the family really and she's a really special person in his life. If you become a FAB volunteer you'll find it's one of the most rewarding things you've ever done.


Appalachian Wireless proudly brings you unlimited data. Unlimited data is only $80 a month for a single line. Four lines as low as $200. Better service? Bigger savings? That's today's Appalachian Wireless. An East Kentucky network company. Get a speed slow to 25 gigabytes per line to 512 kilobits for phones and tablets. And 15 gigabytes for motors. See store for more details. The University of Pikeville is working alongside App Harvest in the goal of making Eastern Kentucky the high-tech greenhouse capital of the nation. The agricultural startup will break ground on its first $60 million high-tech greenhouse in the spring of 2018 at the Kentucky Enterprise Industrial Park. App Harvest's business is to grow tomatoes in a high-tech hydroponic greenhouse facility. So I think they have 32 acres that they're planning under glass. They'll need some laborers, some people who work in the fields as they were, but they'll also need people who are growers and understand how to manage a facility and package food and ship food. So all sorts of levels of educational opportunity there. App Harvest is currently operating from an office located in U-Pike's New Health Professions Education Building. The University is actively exploring the idea of developing a curriculum that aligns with the high-tech agricultural industry. The University is trying to be very sensitive to the businesses that come to town, and we have been a part of the recruiting processes for both App Harvest and EnterBlue. So as we do that, one of the great things about the University of Pikeville is that we are a private institution, so we're very nimble. Dr. Burton Webb says it's important for U-Pike to help develop a high-tech workforce and diversify the economy in Appalachia. We're working very closely with both App Harvest and EnterBlue to make sure that the workers are ready for them when they come here, and in that way hopefully we'll be able to provide employees from right here in eastern Kentucky. Along with the University, App Harvest has received backing from Revolution's Rise of the Rest seed fund. In Pikeville, Shelby Porter, EKB News.


Welcome to another episode of Frightfully Forgotten's VHS Tales. We're going to continue the made for TV horror theme. We're going to bring up one that goes back a long way with us. This one was always on A&E, I remember. It was on A&E TV. Channel 20. The Night Gallery Pilot Episode. We didn't know this was a TV show, or a TV series, because we never saw the show. They had only ever aired the pilot episode. They always only advertised it as a movie. We always thought that was just a movie. Yeah, and we always thought that that was it. We didn't know this was like a whole series that went on for years, until like Adam bought the first season of The Night Gallery for me for my birthday.  There's more! And yeah, there's a lot more. There's more of this great horror out there. Rod Serling did it. You know, narrated it, he hosted it. The same as the Twilight Zone. You're hooked right away. So the format for Night Gallery is basically, Rod Serling comes on. He unveils a painting. And then there is a story about that painting. If anybody's seen The Simpsons Halloween episode, that's what they're parodying. The pilot episode is three different stories. The first one is called The Cemetery.  It is legitimately scary. Horror related things that actually scared me that I watched as a kid. This was one of them.  And he wants the inheritance. He puts them by the window. A cold grand. Open the window.  You're watching this old man dying. Think about that, uncle. I love how Roddy McDowell plays the part too, right?   And his uncle was a painter. And he's painted all these paintings. And one of them is the outside of the house. That includes the house front and part of the cemetery. He keeps looking at this painting of the house and he notices the painting's changing over time. That painting wasn't like that before! Suddenly, there's a plot there that wasn't there before that is for his uncle. Oh, come on now, Portafoy! That wasn't like that! Who's the butler, right? Ossie Davis. Yeah, as Portafoy. Portafoy! Portafoy! Portafoy!  He's all drinking all his brandy. He's still wearing that blouse.  Ossman Portafoy. Yeah, why don't you just get back to whatever it is you're doing. Every time he kind of looks at this painting, it changes and suddenly the grave is undugged.  Yeah. And the music... Tick-tick-tick. Tick-tick-tick.  And it's just Portafoy who had come back to the house and he sees the plot. Back Jeremy! Back Jeremy! Back to the grave where you belong! No!  Then it goes to the second episode, right? It's a great story, but it's just not as scary as the first one.  But the third episode, that scared me too. Yeah, and this one takes place in Argentina after the Second World War. Follow this ex-nazi. People are recognizing him. You're the butcher! You're the man! And he can't escape his past, right? And he always goes to the museum and there's this one painting he's obsessed with that's just a lone man on a canoe on this lake by himself. There's one night where he is being chased by the police, the museum, and he's like, please, please put me in the painting! Please, I want to be in the painting!  Yeah, and they zoom in on... The other painting, the guy being kind of crucified and he's in that painting... He went to the wrong one. Forever!  If you like, you know, tales from the crypt and trilogy of terror, and all that kind of stuff, if you haven't seen Night Gallery for Christ's sake, watch that pilot episode. Please, check it out. It is gold. It is complete gold.  I don't think they ever managed to top that pilot episode. And not just the pilot, like all three, but just the first episode of the pilot. I don't think they've ever managed to top that. No. And then almost every Sunday night, that movie was on TV and I'd watch it and I'd be scared. I know, yeah. But still want to watch it. I love that. I'm kind of scared, but I still want to watch it because it's that damn good. So that concludes our VHS tale of the pilot episode of the Night Gallery. Something that has gone down with us since we were kids. So that's it. Until next time, keep drinking. Point four.