Welcome to the Home Lab Show, Episode 117. Now that our technical difficulties are over, we're live. I have a feeling I'll be dealing with this for a little while until I just get all the bugs worked out, but it's coming along at least. Yeah. Jay's been setting up his new studio, so things are a little bit slower sometimes. It's so much fine-tuning that goes into these building out this, and by the way, we're not studio or production experts. We inadvertently have to learn this to produce this content where we bring to you, and the content today specifically is going to be about the Raspberry Pi 5. Yeah. I just started looking into it. I always like to gauge where I'm at in the process, because obviously, just starting out with something isn't as good as having used it for a long time, but I have more than enough information to convey some initial thoughts and talk about what's different this time around. There's some things that I think some people will really want to pay attention to because buying a Raspberry Pi board by itself is just probably not going to work, and I'll explain. Yeah, there's, I don't know, I haven't worn out my fours yet, so I haven't decided on the five. I mean, I love the extra features of kids, but I'll actually reference two, and maybe I'll add it to the description. Jeff Geerling did a comparison of the Raspberry Pi 5 that is controversial, if you will. One of the first points is from his video. I was just about to mention him as well. Oh, perfect. So yeah, I mean, obviously, if you search Raspberry Pi, you're also probably searching Jeff Geerling, or at least the autocomplete will force you to it, for good reason. Jeff does a lot of great in-depth coverage on the Raspberry Pi 5, so. I think we should probably, yeah, we'll just link to his video as well, because I think in addition to the things that I mentioned, he'll kind of round the edges and go even deeper, because he's been using it for far longer than I have. Absolutely. We do not have a sponsor at the moment, but we do still have links down there for Linode, our previous sponsor, because there's still some help it gives out to the channel. If you wanna click on that, any of the affiliate links you find in the descriptions of the videos on the channel, those are always helpful. So we can actually jump right into the content, which I know people are happy, like there's... Yeah. So, all right, so first of all, I'll have to admit, I wasn't very impressed when I first heard about it. Now, that was my fault. That initial reaction versus having spent some time looking into it, this time was very different, because at first, it's quad core, there's a four gig version, there's an eight gig version that uses an SD card for boot, gigabit ethernet, USB three. So far, nothing sounds different. It sounds like the Raspberry Pi 4 again. So I actually thought that it was just a very small point release, if you will. I didn't realize until I dug deeper into it that this is anything but, this is actually big, just not, it's more in the lines of like obvious versus not obvious. So let's just start with the very basics and then we'll kind of build in and we'll see what's different this time around. So first of all, $60 for the four gig version, US dollars for those of you that are here in the same country as us, $80 for the eight gigabyte version. So it's practically very similar, maybe a little bit more. I don't see a two gig version though. So just throwing that out there. There's probably a low demand, they got rid of those. Yeah, I wouldn't be surprised. So again, first of all, it looks about the same, but I watched Jeff Geerling's video and compared what he said to what Raspberry Pi is saying, because Raspberry Pi is saying that this is two times faster than the four. Now, what's interesting though, is Jeff Geerling says something different. He says that it's 2.5 times faster than the Pi four. And Jeff is one of those people where, and if you know Jeff, like we do, you'll know what I mean. If he goes against with a vendor saying, I'll go with Jeff Geerling every time. Like he put so many testing and he's the only person that I would rank higher than a vendor in most cases. So if he says it's 2.5 times faster, I'll agree. But we'll get into the specs in a moment. I haven't done any benchmarking at this point. So I just want to throw out that out there that I haven't yet had an opportunity to try to just prove him. But every time I run the same test he does, I get the same results. So I've been have to say it's probably 2.5 times faster. Either way, even if it's just two times faster, that already kind of makes it worth looking into. So moving along here, in no particular order, I have a bunch of notes. So the CPU is the BCM2712. 16 nanometer, nanometer, can't talk today, process. And I'm just reading some of these notes right off the website just to get it started. 512 kilobyte per core level two cache, a shared two megabyte cache. It integrates a, again, I'm just reading a 12 core, video core, seven GPU. And so there's a lot of new video features added to this. The original, or not original, but the previous one had, I believe it had H254 and I'm not sure about the HEVC. But anyway, this has a number of codecs built in, but I haven't yet tested it for this purpose because I haven't edited on a Raspberry Pi, but I wouldn't think that that would even, as good as this one is, I don't think I'll be editing on this one anytime soon. But anyway, they have their own processor and specifically it's a 2.4 gigahertz quad core 64-bit ARM Cortex A76, that's a mouthful. The previous model was 1.8 gigahertz. So we're already, even though both are quad core, the clock speed this time around is going to put it up above the previous one, but there's also, and this is another thing that's different, two four-lane transceivers built onto the board. Each one can be used for either a display or a camera, two displays, two cameras, one of each, whatever you wanna do, or just ignore it all together if you're building something else. And this also means that if you have cables for the previous camera, you will need an adapter. So that's the first thing I'll mention about, you'll need to buy some things because some of your old accessories may not work this time around and that's the first one. If you have those old cables, you'll need an adapter for that. So just throwing that out there. Now, one thing I wanna comment on just about the Raspberry Pi ecosystem is one of the things I think it's really drove its success is it's like a standardization platform. You have a very predictable device with predictable GPIO pins, predictable types of connectors that has an ecosystem around it. And from a software standpoint, they've done a nice job because the Raspberry Pi imager lets you predictably, again, it's not X86 where we have to find different drivers for things. It's this platform that supports these services so we can easily flash it to be whatever we want. I think that's just a really good selling point of what's made the Raspberry Pi so successful in the market and I'll reference Jeff because he did a write up on this because people say, but what about the banana pie, orange pie, other knockoffs, if you will? I don't know that knockoff is the right term. There are companies that have it, but he pointed out right away, sometimes it's harder to find drivers or some of the changes for those until their ecosystems get developed. And for people writing software that you wanna go, hey, I can tell you to image this to a SD card and it will absolutely boot and predictably work the way you expect it to on this model Raspberry Pi. Absolutely. One thing that hasn't changed is the networking chip. It's a gig network. I was hoping for 2.5. That would have been cool, but that's not what we have here. So if you're looking for faster networking, you'll be let down by this or maybe not because you'll have fewer things getting in your way because of all the other things being improved. It could be the case that if you had low network performance, if there was some other bottleneck, it could be the case that you'll have better network performance, but not because the network port is better just because there's fewer bottlenecks. But then again, if networking is extremely important to you, that could be something to keep in mind. Now, there is an accessory that you won't need. You could still use it, but you don't have to have it anymore. Remember those, they're like a power or USB-C adapter that has a power core or power button in the middle because the Raspberry Pi 4, you know, didn't have a power button. So if you didn't have a case with a power button, you have a cable that has a power button on it that disables or cuts power to the Pi. You could still use that, but there's no reason to because there's a real power button this time on the board. That's kind of cool actually. So it put a power button on there. I know it's like probably not the first thing I would have expected them to do, especially considering they didn't have to because of the cases usually check that box. So it's kind of like something they didn't have to do, but they chose to do, but it's welcome. So definitely welcome. And according to Jeff Geerling again, I've yet to do benchmarks. The microSD slot is twice as fast. So if you were a bit IO constrained, that could help. And also if the SD card was your bottleneck while transferring files over the network, that could be an example of noticing better network performance without having a better chip. Now continuing along, and I know this is kind of like just a blast of specs here because we're just gonna talk about our opinions on what this all means after I go through this spiel. There's the RP1 chip, which is built into the Pi, and what they did was they decided to put all the faster stuff on it, essentially the things that need speed. So first of all, and this is probably the thing that's gonna raise more eyebrows and things that I've mentioned before, there's a four lane PCI 2.0 endpoint in this chip. So I'm not sure what all we could do with that yet because I have yet to try out those accessories, but just being able to say PCIe and Raspberry Pi 5 in the same sentence without it being like a case or some kind of attachment, that's pretty cool. The USB 3 controller is part of it is on this board or excuse me, part of this chip. And each one of these controllers has a USB 3 and a USB 2 port on it. So kind of similar, but it's on its own chip now. And it also, and by the way, this is not used on the Raspberry Pi 5, but it's there I guess for future use maybe. It has support for EMMC on this chip, but there is not EMMC on the Pi 5. So I don't want anyone to think that there is, but it's basically for future use, but I'm not really sure what it's for. Maybe compute modules or something like that will utilize this. I'm not really sure, but it's part of the chip anyway. So it's there for whatever they decide to use it for. There's a three channel video DAC built in. And let's see what else, other notes. Well, I mean, there's a lot more about the RP1 chip, but this would be kind of dry if I just started reading a page full of specs on this. I think that's pretty much the highlights there, especially the PCIe support with the PCIe 2.0 endpoint, that's gonna be interesting to see what people do with that. How do you say that? And I think one of the interesting ones, and I've seen a few people talk about doing this because Frigate is popular for object recognition if you have the coral TPU. And now the PCIe will let you integrate that with a coral TPU and a Raspberry Pi. I've seen a few people do videos on it. It's not something I've tested myself. I think Jeff Gehrling tested the beta version of it when it was first released late last year. And that's an interesting use cases being able to plug that in like that. And now we get to talk about the accessories. And I think this is kind of something a lot of people wanna pay special attention to because some things have changed and it's important to know about these things. So, especially if you're planning on upgrading. Now, I already mentioned the adapter that's gonna be needed if you have the older display camera cables lying around. I have a number of them myself so I have to source this adapter myself. So aside from that, you will need a new power supply. I'm just putting that out there by the one that they sell because the peak power consumption for the Pi 5 has increased to 12 Watts. And I believe the previous one had a peak of eight Watts. And the thing is if you use a previous generation USB-C power cord, it will work, but it's going to downclock it. Okay, I wanna underscore this. If you use the original power cord or something you have lying around that doesn't have the right wattage, you're going to have a slower experience because it needs more power to run all these components. There's like a built-in power controller. I mean, they did a lot of work on this. So if you don't want it to run in legacy mode, I'll just say that.  And it's funny because I noticed mine was running faster, but until I dived in, I didn't know about this. So even I was not getting my full performance out of mine since I've had it. So I plan on installing that new power supply today. In fact, I'm gonna be showing them off in the video. I have all the accessories. I'm showing it on camera for the people that are listening in the car or whatever, hopefully safely, but yeah, dedicated power supply for that. So you're definitely gonna wanna buy the power supply. Don't skimp on that. You'll regret it. So basically, according to my notes, the way this works and this is reading directly from their notes from Raspberry Pi, if the Pi 5 firmware detects that the power supply is the older style, it's going to, or the newer one, rather, if it detects that you have the appropriate wattage, it's going to increase the USB power current. So you're gonna get that extra performance and that's just going to be a lot better. So you don't want it in low power mode. Now, this was probably true with the Pi 4, but it's really true now. You need some sort of a cooler, okay? You're just going to. I mean, with all this power, you know, the clock speed is higher, it uses more energy, so you're going to need a cooler. You can't get away without it anymore. So Raspberry Pi sells a $5 active cooler that you could buy with if you were to go to order one. And of course, that's something I'll be showing off in the video because I ordered a few of those as well. So new case, there's a new case that fits the active cooler. So you don't need it. Well, I haven't tried older cases with it. It's not astronomically different, but considering the new cooling requirements, I would be surprised if all the older cases fit this one. So you'll definitely need some new accessories with the Pi 5. Now, going further on the accessories here, there's some things that are not out yet that I'm looking forward to. Natively, the power over ethernet hat is not available right now. There is a power over ethernet header on the board, but last time I checked, which was, you know, last week it wasn't out yet, but they're saying early 2024, it's currently early 2024. So I hope that means any time, but they're going to have an official power over ethernet hat available. And what's even more interesting, another accessory that doesn't exist today is the M2 hat, which will give you access to NVMe storage on the Pi. That's an official accessory that's coming, also earmarked for early 2024. So I guess I read that to say pretty much any time now. So it'll be also interesting to see what people do with that, but I can't really comment on that because I have yet to get my hands on it, but I can't wait. Yeah, I see people in the comments talking about the PoE hats. There's an alternative you can look at as well. You can find these cheaply on Amazon. They're little PoE to USB devices. They will pass the networking through so you can take a network cable and split them off. I've been a fan of these because the problem I've had, and I think even there's been several problems people reported with the PoE hats on the Raspberry Pi 4. Obviously without the five ones being out, we don't know where they had trouble with wattage delivery. But when you're using external one, you also solve the problem of finding one that fits the case you may have for your Raspberry Pi. It's also kind of novel if you have other random things you want to power over USB that would work that way. So being a PoE splitter, PoE switches are actually relatively inexpensive now and they seem to keep getting less and less expensive. So being able to power things off those little splitters, those are great. Just find those little inline adapters on Amazon. I don't think they're that much money, maybe like 10, they cost as much as maybe an adapter for a wall adapter, but now you're driving it with PoE. I actually have a bigger PoE switch I'm installing so I can do more of that because of the convenience of it. Another thing I wanna, I'll get back to that part in a moment because there's more to say about that, but there's actually a, the power management or power monitoring on the board itself, there's a command that you can actually read a bunch of information I'm going to show in the video which I actually saw in Jeff's video. So of course credit him for that, but that's pretty cool. And he also says there's a seven second boot on his Raspberry Pi five, which is pretty cool. That's a lot faster. And he also says, and I haven't tested this personally, 45 times faster cryptography. So that's pretty crazy. So now you might be able to understand what I meant when I said at first it doesn't look like it's all that different, right? It's still quad core, it's still four or eight gigabytes of memory, same number of ports for the most part, there's some variations here, but at first I'm like, okay, that's decent, I guess.  I want to comment on those crypto accelerators. So I'm finishing up my review right now on a NETGate 4200, I've been using it for a while. And if you did a benchmark, like you looked at the CPU mark of my previous router versus this router, you're like, oh wait, CPUs are only a few percentage. Like if you look at those CPU benchmarking ones, but when you look at the VPN performance, I'm getting from one to the other, it's night and day because those crypto accelerators having specialization on these chips goes a long way and the kernels are getting more and more advanced at taking advantage of it. So these can be extremely game changing in terms of their ability to get the task at hand done, especially that crypto acceleration, man. If you're working on something, a VPN that uses that, suddenly now you're gonna have better VPN performance that's gonna really step it up. Yep, and there's already some comments asking, does this compete with the Zima board? Another comment rightfully so brings up the fact that that's x86, but I think that's a good question to kind of at least take a look at because even if you're not comparing it to that, someone's comparing it to something else. The interesting thing about the Raspberry Pi is that it's not really competitive and I don't mean that in a way that it sucks. In the way that they're not overly trying to defeat anything else in the market. They kind of move slower. It's almost like you have the rock chips and all these others that Raspberry Pi is almost like the enterprise equivalent. And I don't mean enterprise, like you're gonna run your entire company off of it, but the enterprise moves a bit slower, tried and true, that Raspberry Pi usually has like one model at a time that is more general purpose and might excel at some things and not others, but it's more general across the board. And then you have some of these other products out there that are literally competing with the Raspberry Pi. I feel like Raspberry Pi isn't competing with them, but everyone's competing with the Raspberry Pi. So they're more setting a standard for the long term. I mean, we could have the Raspberry Pi 5 for several years and of course, other companies are gonna make things that will perform faster, might have some features that it doesn't have. The Raspberry Pi is more about, they have their own baseline and they have their community and they serve that community, but if you need something with more horsepower, you might take a look at something else. And even Jeff Geerling said this, I think he said there was some ways, and check his video to be sure, but I'm pretty sure he mentioned there's some ways in which the rock chip is gonna outperform this even still, like this new version. So. And when it comes to HomeLab who want to squeeze out the most performance, absolutely you're gonna be able to find some other devices that may be able to outperform it. From a business standpoint, and we have a customer, I think they have 300 Raspberry Pies. Wow. When we've done some projects with these clients or specialized tooling that needs to be dynamic enough to have these, so this client has a lot of Raspberry Pies that are all running Linux to do special applications and they like them, because it just works really well. And on that back to what I said earlier, that consistency, I know the product, I have a predictable outcome for it. I can get a lot of the same product. I can't remember if there are threes or fours the client has there. And it's not even on a roadmap to buy the five. So you're like, we don't need them. This covers what we need to do. It's predictable. We have spares. If one goes bad, we can just grab the SD card or reflasher. I think they actually have an automation script that we can reload on it. I don't manage that side. We have a couple of texts that do. And it's just a neat idea to be able to do these. It runs some screens for them and displays a lot of data. So it's really, I do see them kind of like you said in that enterprise market space because of that standardization and mass production versus the problem with some of the other ones is if there's something newer, they quit one production line and swap it out to another one very quickly. You can still find Raspberry Pi 4 is available and it will be available for a while before the Raspberry Pi 5 takes over. Yeah, I think that's a good point because just like the enterprise, if a company is building products around the Raspberry Pi, they're probably not going to upgrade to the Pi 5 for now unless there's like a huge reason because obviously when a company has a product and it works, it checks all the boxes, it performs the way that they need it to, there's really no need to go to the next version. They might potentially phase that one out over time. But just like you said, they still make the older versions. So if a company is standardizing on a previous Pi, they can continue to do so. And it wouldn't even be that abnormal for a company to just standardize on whatever the previous model of the Pi was just for, you know, that extra battle tested use in the community. So that could be something that we'll see more and more of. I wanna go back to the whole wake on land thing, power over ethernet thing. I think I just gave away something I was about to say on whoops, spoiler. So there is not currently but according to Jeff, there should be a way to do wake on land.  So the board can do it, but the firmware won't. So assuming that there's a firmware update in the future, you'll be able to do wake on land, which is, it might not sound like a big deal, just plug it in, especially if it's power over ethernet, but it'd be really, I mean, think of a Kubernetes cluster where you could actually have like 10 nodes, only have five active, and then as the load increases, wake on land additional Raspberry Pis. Already you're saving a lot of power by running a cluster on Raspberry Pi, which is one of the reasons why you might wanna do that, but you're saving power by only having the ones online that you actually plan on using. So you can potentially, if they allow this, have some kind of a scaling feature, which would be pretty cool. And that might be something that would be a lot of fun to dive into assuming we get that firmware update, but wake on land. I think there was someone in the comments that might not have understood the purpose, but it's not for everyone. I meant to say power over ethernet. Here I am getting too confused. I'm sorry, power over ethernet. So I really, really like it. I think it's one of those things that you have to have a use case for, but I really don't like a lot of cables all over the place. If you only have one Pi, you could argue there's really not much of a use case for that because so what? You have two cables attached to it. One, if you're using Wi-Fi, that's not really that big of a deal, but having power over ethernet just means that you don't have to have an ocean of cables if you have more than one of these, which is novel. You are paying extra for that privilege though, so it has to be, the cable management has to be worth it for you, but if you have a home lab that's consisting of Raspberry Pis, especially if you wanna save on your power bill, there's additional options that this can unlock for automation. And I mean, just imagine home assistant, for example, being able to press a button and then a Raspberry Pi comes online. I mean, things like that would be possible with something like this. So there's more use cases that you could throw at the Raspberry Pi 5, but then again, there's nothing that's gonna be so amazing that everything else just ceases to exist. You still want to check the competition, competition and error quotes, obviously, and see what's being offered here. But I was very surprised when I started looking deeper into the Raspberry Pi 5 that my initial opinion based on the news was totally inaccurate and I'm really excited about this platform. Yeah, I'll come back to the Zima board. One of the things about the Zima board that I think is neat is the fact that it is X86 and it has a PCA slot. So how does it compare? It's not exactly a comparison because they're two different platforms, but myself, one thing I really like and I did a demo with the Zima board on my channel where I show it running true NAS and that's something you're not gonna be able to do on a Pi, not true NAS because they don't have an ARM compilation. Being that it's X86 though, there's Zima board. My friends over at Two Guys Tech did run perfectly fine PF sense on there and having that PCA slot allows you to slot in another network card and kind of expand out from there to build yourself actually a reasonable router or what I think it's really fun for is kind of like they say the hackable system. It becomes this kind of breadboard to experiment with things. When I do my getting started with PF sense video I might even do it on the Zima board just for fun because it's kind of nice to show that you can plug the cards in like that. I think that's a really cool feature. That's the one downside is once you go into the ARM whether it's the rock chips or the Raspberry Pi's or all the variations once you're in that ecosystem it's not that you limit yourself too much but you will run into things that just don't work on ARM because there's not compilations for ARM. They have not been ported. So there's still some advantage to this long tail of popular software, TrueNAS and PF sense being a couple of them open sense for those of you that wanna use that those are all gonna be X86 hardware, not ARM hardware. Do you think the fact that TrueNAS scale is based on Linux makes it more or possibly already capable of running on a Pi? Cause I think that's a BSD problem, wasn't it? No, the challenge is gonna be this is where things get tricky and this is when you want to build your NAS and you start looking for adapter cards you go, wait, who's writing the drivers for all these cards to get them to work? So you have that as a challenge. As far as I know, you can do ZFS on ARM. I don't really know how well it works. I don't know how much optimization goes into ZFS on ARM. I'm assuming it works, I've not really tested it but right away you go you start running into a challenge of, oh wait, I don't have a driver for my card that controls all the drives for it. So the controller card drivers can immediately become maybe an issue maybe not as well supported. Yep, that makes a lot of sense. So I wanna throw out a mention for open media vault because we're talking about TrueNAS. Yeah, there does have an option for that. Yeah, we're talking about TrueNAS. So while you might not be able to do that I'm sure somebody out there is like, hold my coffee I'll show you, I'm gonna do that. And if you do, let us know. But I think that with open media vault you can still have a NAS and it's a pretty good solution as well. So by no means are we saying you can't have a NAS in a Raspberry Pi 5 you could use open media vault you could just install Raspbian or Raspberry Pi OS as it's called now and hand roll your own by customizing all the config files you can go crazy. So you could absolutely have a NAS but there's just like Tom said some applications that are systems that won't run on this. One example of this is if you do run a Kubernetes cluster on ARM you will need to get container images that work on ARM if the container image only works with x86 and won't work here but thankfully linuxerver.io has all kinds of container images that work on ARM. So as long as you're pulling from them you shouldn't really be impacted by that but if you try to get your container images from other registries you might run into a problem where they won't run on the Pi. However, another trick to this is you could have a Pi cluster and then have like on Proxmox or something maybe one or two x86 nodes for those containers to run on that's a potential work around here but so far I haven't run in anything on linuxerver.io that didn't work on ARM. So, you know. Yeah there's a massive amount of things compiled for ARM now and ARM's really it's kind of surprising for how little power they use and the speed that you get out of the applications to run on there. I would say that's kind of what's driving it because sometimes you go for the equivalent wattage and this is what's making some of those ARM's popular like we get quite a bit of performance per watt out of there. So the pricing may be the same but your performance per watts may not line up exactly the same. I would even go as far as to say consider linuxerver.io first and then if they don't have it then go to another registry because I don't know about you I just don't feel confident about a registry with like I don't know how many I'm just going to make a random number guess I'll say millions of container images. I mean who has time to go through all those and vet those but linuxerver.io this is literally what they do like that's their entire thing. They curate all of these images and I would trust that before I would trust any other registry. So I can't speak highly of linuxerver.io enough it's my number one resource and lately I don't think I've had to go outside of their registry in like over a year. So that's a good sign. So they do a solid job on there. Oh they really do. So I know that was like a blast of information but the Raspberry Pi being such an important thing to the podcast because we talk about it a lot and some people run their home labs on this it's kind of worth knowing is this something that someone might want to upgrade to or stay with what they have maybe something that I mentioned will be the thing that someone needed to really take their home lab to the next level or maybe it doesn't really impact another person and they're happy with what they have but I really think that it's just amazing to see this platform evolve and I can't wait to see what they're going to do next but for right now we have the Raspberry Pi 5 and I can't wait to see how emulators run on this. Yeah it's just a guilty pleasure like I'm just hoping it could handle Dreamcast if it can then I'm just going to be like on cloud nine but I'm not going to say that it can yet that's a heavy ask but you never know maybe it can but that's the whole another podcast potentially talking about it. I've seen someone ask that we were talking about linuxserver.io. Yep linuxserver.io is the Mecca for container images definitely highly recommended so. Is this handle ironic badger I'm trying to remember the. Alex yeah Alex. Yeah he's awesome. Yeah. Yep he's a great guy. He invited me over to the Red Hat building for lunch just before Red Hat turned evil which was kind of cool to go in there and see that for the first time but yeah he's a very awesome resource for these kinds of things so. Well he's part of linux.io he's one of the founders. Yep and his self-hosted podcast is pretty good too so it's in the same wheelhouse as what we talk about so honestly probably watch both so. Oh absolutely. Listen to both so already I can't wait to hear what people are doing with Raspberry Pi's I feel like we don't get enough feedback on this like sometimes it's you know you could ask a question and I want to do a Q&A episode to be really cool so please ask your questions so I'd really appreciate that but in addition to that even if you don't have a question if you're doing something really cool with your Raspberry Pi I would really like to just talk about some of these creations. Oh yeah send us feedback at the show if you have the cool Raspberry Pi project. There's one I've covered before I have a short on it really but it's I have a Raspberry Pi Zero that actually runs my e-ink display for my YouTube stuff I've talked about it before on my channel it sits behind me in my videos it looks someone thought it was an actual like a plaque I made like how does that get updated I'm like oh it's a Raspberry Pi Zero glued to the back of a picture frame with an e-ink in the picture frame e-ink display so. That's been on my list of things to make for like two years now and I haven't gotten around to it I do have an extra Pi Zero so maybe now's the time to actually do it. Yeah e-ink displays is probably my favorite use of the GPIO stuff on the Raspberry Pi's they're just kind of novel it's it reminds me of some one of the things I do want to order I have an extra Pi Zero and I want to build a badge out of it there's a couple of different badge options so when I go to a conference I can be nerdier than I usually am by having a e-ink badge that changes. Some of the applications for Raspberry Pi are just so amazing sometimes that like an idea could be so simple but so effective I remember I think it was around the time the Raspberry Pi first came out so I think we're talking about the one or something I mean maybe the two I don't remember but it was before I went on my own so I was working for a company and they were going to throw out this pretty nice HP LaserJet printer they were throwing it out or putting it in recycling because it didn't support any modern version of Windows like HP just had wanted nothing to do with writing a driver for it but they did write a driver for Linux though which is interesting right because Linux had a driver Windows didn't so I took the printer which is useless to anyone at that company since you all ran Windows I plugged it into a Raspberry Pi installed the HP driver and made a wireless print server so this old LaserJet printer is now a wireless printer in my network and that's what I used for a long time and considering I only, I don't know print maybe 10 or 15 pages a week and I think the toner had a yield of 2,000 pages I had a feeling that I would run out of printer before I ran out of toner and that's exactly what happened I just used it right into the ground and never had to buy a single toner cartridge for it so and that was thanks to the Raspberry Pi and that was probably the very first thing I ever did with the Raspberry Pi where it became something within the wheelhouse of my productivity so and that's a simple use case and lots of people have done this it's not unique to me I mean probably thousands of people have done this but something as simple as that or making a pet cam could be fun having a desktop I mean I think a Raspberry Pi 5 would be a way better experience for desktop computing than the previous version with the extra performance so there's definitely a lot to use it for but if you use it for something really cool you gotta let us know Yeah, absolutely send it to feedback at the homelab.show All right, that was the Raspberry Pi 5 thank you all for joining us and we'll see you next time See you next time


If you went through a real bad experience, it's a good experience because these are invaluable. What you learn through unpleasant moments in your life is invaluable.  Only a fool will try to forget. If you are smart, you must remember every unpleasant experience you had without resentment, without anger, without unpleasantness. Just in your memory always so that you never ever get into the same situations again.


So, for lesson four, what we're going to be looking at is specific types of circuits. Series circuits and parallel circuits. A series circuit is a circuit where the resistors are connected in a row with no junctions between them. In my ski hill analogy, we say two resistors are in series if the same skiers have to go through both of them and have no choice. So which of these shows a circuit or a resistor in a simple series? We say these two resistors here are in parallel because skiers don't have to go through both. They can go through one or the other. This circuit here is in series because the same skiers that go through this resistor must go through this resistor, must go through this resistor. Although instead of skiers, what was skiers in the circuit really? Current. So what I'm really saying is the same current has to go through those resistors. They are in series. Example two says find an expression for the total resistance of a series circuit. And you know, we could derive it, but I'm going to keep it very, very simple. If your resistors are in series, they're the easiest type of circuit. If you wanted to find out the total resistance of this circuit, it would be resistance of one plus resistance of two plus resistance of three. If resistors are in series and you want to combine them mathematically as one to make your math easier, you add them up. And that part we probably don't need our calculator for. We will later on. You will have to memorize that for resistors in series. You can add them up. It's not on your formula sheet, although we'll be doing so many of them. I think you'll just naturally memorize it. So in the box on the next page, if you want to find RT, the total resistance, resistance total, and they are in series, it's add the first one plus add the second one plus add the third one if there is one, et cetera. So example three says, select the best answer for the voltage drop across the 20 ohm resistor. We would like to find the voltage here. We said to analyze a circuit, what we would really like to find, last day I said the first, do you remember what I said the first thing I always try and find was? Total current. Now this circuit has no current listed on it. No problem. I can tell you total resistance. What's the total resistance of this circuit? Well because it's in series, the total resistance is 25. And I do know the total voltage of this circuit because the total voltage is the height of the mountain and the height of the mountain must be the chair lift, the battery. The total voltage in this circuit has to be 100. Oh and let's remember it's ohms and volts. And then I have an equation, this is the equation that we used the most yesterday, ohms law. What was ohms law? V equals I times R, except I'm going to just tweak it a bit. Total voltage equals total current times total resistance, which makes sense to me. Oh, how could we find total current? Which was our goal, we said whenever I want to, I want to find total current. How would I rewrite this to get total current by itself? Total current equals total voltage divided by total resistance. In this case it's 100 divided by 4. Divided by 4 Mr. Dewey? How about 100 divided by 25 and the answer is 4 Mr. Dewey. What's the total current running through here? Four amps. How many amps are going through this resistor then? Four amps. How many amps are going through this resistor then? Four amps. Why is that so nice? This question wants the voltage in this resistor. Voltage is what times what? I times R. Do I know I the current? Yes. Do I know R the resistance? Yes. I can tell you exactly what the voltage drop is in this particular resistor. What is it? It's 80. What's the voltage drop here? 20. And you will notice 100 high, lose 20, lose 80, back to zero, the circuit works. The circuit works. This is where we're going to be using Ohm's Law, an awful lot. The, unlike yesterday, rarely Justin will they give you the current. But if you can find the total resistance, almost always they will give you the battery, the total voltage, and you can find the total current. And once you find the total current, as I said yesterday, then the question falls apart. So oh, more than 50 volts, B equals I times R, the current in the 20 Ohm resistor is equal to 4 amps, the resistance is 20, therefore the voltage is exactly 80 volts. So if we have a circuit in series and they ask us to analyze it, again I said our first goal is we'd like to find total current. So this question says find total resistance in current and then find the current. Do I know the total current? No. Are these in series? Yes. So what's the total resistor mathematically? What's the total resistance of this circuit? Sorry, 25. The total voltage is 100. The total current is going to be voltage divided by resistance, total voltage divided by total resistance. The total current here is also 4 amps. Oh, it's always 4 amps. But no, we're just making up numbers and these happen to give you the same current. So now that I know the current, what's the current right here at this section of wire? 4 amps. What's the current in this resistor? 4 amps. Try drawing it 4 properly, Mr. Dewey. What's the current in this resistor? 4 amps. 4 amps. What's the voltage drop when we go through this resistor? 60 volts, 20 volts, 20 volts and conveniently those do add up to 100 so we do lose all of our voltage going through the circuit which is a check to make sure, Sally, you haven't missed anything. Series circuits are pretty easy. I don't know. Parallel circuits are where we're going to need our calculator. A parallel circuit is a circuit where resistors are starting and ending. It says our start and end should be our starting and ending at the same height, same voltage. I.e., the resistors are directly connected at the top and the bottom with no resistors in between. Which circuit shows resistors in simple parallel, the top one or the bottom one? The top one. Now this bottom one has these two in parallel with this one so it's not a simple parallel circuit. We have to do some. What we would do is we would, because these two are in series, the same skiers go through here is here, we would just add those two together mathematically and make it mathematically one resistor and then mathematically we've turned it into a simple parallel circuit. Preview of coming attractions. Example six says find an expression for the total resistance of a parallel circuit and I would love to derive it because the math nerd within me thinks it's way cool but I'm just going to go straight to the punch line. If you want to find the total resistance, you can't, all you can find is one over the total resistance and then once you've done that, Kellen, once you have an answer to get from one over to just the total resistance, you have to take the reciprocal of your final answer but the total resistance is, sorry, one over the total resistance is one over the first resistor plus one over the second resistor plus one over the third resistor dot dot dot. It's a lovely proof but I'm going to pass on the proof and that's what we're going to write in the little box over here where it says parallel resistance. Can't find it directly. Instead we're going to go one over parallel resistance and usually instead of our total because I'm doing parallel, I'll often put our parallel right there, my little symbols for parallel lines.  Take reciprocal of answer and I'll show you what I mean. Says find the total resistance, the total current and then V and I for everything. Solve this circuit. Find everything. Are these three in parallel with each other? Yep. How do I know? Because we start at the same voltage and we end at the same voltage but we don't go through the same ski hill. That's our definition of parallel. So what I'd like to find is the total resistance, one over the total resistance is going to be one over ten plus one over fifteen plus one over twenty. And I do this all on my calculator. Forget trying to do common denominators and blah blah blah. I go like this. One divided by ten plus one divided by twenty, sorry fifteen, let's go in order to do it. Plus one divided by twenty and then I just hit enter and then all of your calculators Tyler have a reciprocal button and one of the reasons they all have that is because of parallel resistors. My reciprocal button is the little x to the negative one right there. I just hit that when I'm done and it takes the reciprocal of my answer. It's a little easier than going one divided by. So find your little x to the negative one button on your scientific calculator. It's there somewhere and it looks like the total resistance is four point six one five three eight four six one five ohms actually it repeats for a while. And you're going to find a lot of these don't work out evenly. Or anybody who cannot find their reciprocal button this is your chance to ask help you find it. Yep, so we're back. I found I helped people find their reciprocal button because apparently it wasn't very obvious on their calculator. And as I said to Dylan, I would ask you to show me this line of work. It gets you part marks. Oh, and then I go like this. I don't do an equal sign because this is one over the total resistance.  And I'm going to go to four point six one five. Most of these won't work out evenly because when you add a bunch of reciprocals together sometimes if we do a lot of work ahead of time we can give you a nice answer. Often you'll have yucky repeating decimals live with it. So I'm going to say our total is four point six one five ohms. Now if they said find our total I would go to two or three sig figs. Okay, they did. I would say four point six two. But I'm going to use four point six one five for the purposes of calculation because now I can find total current. What was total current? What was the equation? Oh, and you'll notice I'm rewriting Ohm's law in my head. So V equals I times R, what's I? What did we do on the previous pages? Yeah, this one also you'll probably end up memorizing because you use it so often. It's total voltage over total resistance. Total voltage was 60 divided by total resistance was four point six one five. I'll use this number on my calculator, 60 divided by that answer. And I get a total oh the voltage worked out sorry the current worked out evenly. The total current is 13 amps. Okay, so how many amps are right here 13? Do I know how they split up? Not yet. Oh, oh, how many volts are right here 60? So how high am I right here? If I go like this down this ski hill, can I get to the bottom of the chair lift? So how many volts do I have to lose going down that one ski hill? So this is 60 volts. If I know two, I know three remember? What's the voltage? Sorry. What's the current in this resistor? Oh, I guess current is voltage divided by resistance. Voltage divided by resistance sorry six amps. What's the voltage in this resistor? Well if I leave 60 volts high, can I ski down this hill and only hit that hill and get back down to the bottom? So how many volts must there be in this resistor? 60 volts better lose 60 volts. Oh, and while we're at it, how many volts are there in this resistor? In fact, if resistors are in parallel, what can you tell me about their voltage drops? They are the same. They have to be because we shook hands, we met up, we must have gone through the same drop in height. Oh, and what's the current in this particular resistor? Four amps. What's the current in this particular resistor? Three amps. Now you'll notice we never actually used this 13 yet, but I can double check six plus four plus three. Oh, I confirmed that 13, and what I've also done because we never used this yet is I've showed you that this rule with those currents works. That's the derivation of the one over r total equals one over the first resistor plus one over the second plus one over the third. Parallel. A little bit trickier, sometimes decimals, yuckier numbers, but not too bad still. It says, what can be said about the voltage drops across the resistors in the circuit below? Let's see if we can fill in as much as we can. Do I know total current? Yeah? You know what? That's worth writing down somewhere in my DFIC approach. Total current is five amps. Now these two resistors I find interesting because they are the same. What do you think if I have, well how many amps do I have right here? Total current, right? So I have five amps right there. How many are in each of these resistors if they're the same? 2.5 amps. Oh, and how many volts is in each of these resistors? How many volts do I lose? What's the voltage drop? Remembering that V equals I times R. How many volts? Sorry? 30? So at a minimum how many volts does this battery have to be? Not 60. At least 30. I'm not adding these together because from here to here at least 30 high. Let's see what else we can figure out here. What's the ratio between these two particular resistors? 4 to 1. And we said yesterday that bigger resistors have less current, smaller resistors have more current, but the ratio will be the same, 4 to 1. How would I break five amps up into a 4 to 1 ratio? Oh, I think actually 4 to 1. I think this is going to be 4 amps. This is going to be 1 amp. Oh, how many volts in this particular resistor? What's our voltage drop? 20 volts. And these two are in parallel. It's also going to be 20 volts. And I could have gone I times R and convinced myself of that as well. Right now that means that this battery has to have at least 50 volts. Okay. What's the ratio between these two resistors? Well, I started out saying, well, it's sort of 1.5 to 1. And that's yucky. I like what Pat did. Pat said that's the same as 3 to 2, which it is. Okay. If this is a 3 to 2 relationship and the smaller resistor has the bigger current, the ratio for the current is also going to be 3 to 2. How would I break 5 into a 3 to 2 ratio? Oh, 3 and 2 conveniently. I think this is going to be 3 amps in the smaller resistor, 2 amps in the bigger resistor. Oh, how many volts? 30? How many volts? 30 volts. How many volts must this battery have? Let's see. If I walk down any ski hill and get to the bottom, it doesn't matter which of the many paths I take, but that's one path without lifting my pencil, always going downhill. I go through 30, 20, 50, 30, 80. Oh, you know how many volts this battery must have been? 80 volts. Now that's one way to do this, and that's the cleanest way. If you have trouble with that ratio idea, and I know it's a bit tricky, what you could have done is gone combine these two parallels as one resistor, 1 over 10 plus 1 over 15 equals 1 over r parallel. Combine these two as one resistor, combine these two as one resistor, and then you would have three series resistors and added those up, and then gone r total, i total, v total and worked your way backwards. We'll look at both approaches. But this got us there. And oh, even though I gave you a whole page, we did almost all of our work right here. Example 8 illustrates an important point. It shows us that the voltage drop across parallel resistors is the same as the drop across the equivalent resistor in the equivalent circuit. Let's go back. You guys have all this room here, right? I'm going to put a little red 1 right there. You can just put a 1 and circle it. I'm going to put a 2 right here. I'm going to put a 3 right there. And I want to find mathematically what the combined resistance of this is. What is the combined resistance of this? Well, 1 over r1 is going to be 1 over 10 plus 1 over 15. Don't forget, take the reciprocal when you're done. What's that those top two resistors, if I replace them with a single one, what's it the same as? 1 over 10 plus 1 over 15 reciprocal. What do you get? 06 ohms. And if I find 1 over r2, which is going to be 1 over 20 plus 1 over 5, what's the second group of resistors the same as? If I wanted to replace this red circle with a single resistor, what's that the same as? 1 over 20 plus 1 over 5 reciprocal. 4. And if I went 1 over r3, which is going to be 1 over 12 plus 1 over 12, what's r3 the same as? Also 6.  What are those top two resistors the same as if I just make them a single resistor? 6 ohms. And what are these two resistors the same as if I make them a single resistor? 4, not amps, Mr. Dewick, 4 ohms. And what are the bottom two resistors the same as if I make them a single resistor? 6 ohms. The black circuit that I've just drawn, mathematically Gordon, is equivalent to the one at the top of the page. Oh, what was the total current? He told me that. What was it? I scrolled down. 5 amps. So I have 5 amps. So if I have 5 amps here, 5 amps here, 5 amps here, what's the total voltage? What's the voltage in this top one? 30, which is what we had above earlier, was it not? What's the voltage here? 20, which is what we had above earlier. What's the voltage here? 30, and that forces us to have an 80-volt battery. So those are the two ways, Kellan, of solving these. You can do it with ratios. And I'll be honest, I find the ratio method tough. Or take one second to do an equivalent circuit. Quickly sketch it, and now it falls apart. Because in series, oh, by the way, what's the total resistance of this circuit? These are in series. Series is the easy one. How do I find series resistors? Add them up. The total resistance of all those parallel ones up there is 16 ohms. That's the total resistance. This circuit is actually equivalent to this. One battery and one 16 ohm resistor with an 80-volt battery and a 5 amp current. Mathematically, all three of these are the same. That's what this statement is saying. Voltage drop across parallel resistors is the same as the drop across the equivalent resistor and the equivalent circuit, the mathematical equivalent. In a household circuit, by the way, plugs and lights are wired in parallel to 120 volts. Each circuit has a circuit breaker in the circuit. The circuit breaker is an automatic switch that opens when the current exceeds a set value, usually 15 amps. When that switch is opened, no more current flows through that circuit. So let's suppose that, oh, sure, Tyler is doing his hair. He's just finished. He's gotten out of the bathtub. And he's blow-drying his hair, getting those golden locks. Or you know what? He's shampooed it four or five times because he's trying to get the last trace of the rooster red out of his hair. He's desperately trying to get the last trace of it out. So he's done four or five shampoos in a row. Lab their rinse, repeat, repeat, repeat, repeat. He's blow-drying his hair. But Tyler is not too electrically savvy. You know, his feet are cold. And so he figured he'd stand in the nice, warm tub water, keeping his feet warm while he's blow-drying his hair. And he drops the blow-dryer into the tub. Most bathrooms now have what's called a ground fault interrupter. What that means is as soon as it senses or as soon as the current starts to spike, 15 amps, let's say, boom, the circuit breaker would blow right here. That means current can't flow here, but it can still flow to the TV. So just because Tyler is a meathead in the tub, his sister can still watch TV quite nicely without losing her days of our lives or whatever she's watching. You can also blow a circuit by just overloading it. So here's what this question is asking. If we connect a 1,200-watt hair-dryer and a 500-watt TV to the same circuit, will we cause the 15 amp breaker to trip? OK. I'm going to redraw this circuit in our circuit diagram. So here we have, well, wait a minute. OK, I can't use a battery symbol because battery is direct current. The symbol for alternating current is a circle with a little sine wave in it like that. But there's our voltage source. And we have a resistor here. There's the blow dryer. And we have a resistor here. There's the television. Good gosh, Mr. DeWitt, let's draw this a little better. OK. My voltage source is 120 volts AC. Did they tell me the resistance of this? What did they tell me? Power equals 1,200. And power equals 500. Oh, hey, not only does v equals i times r, we had an equation with power in it as well called it Joule's Law. What was power equal to? Vi. OK, that's good. Can a skier go like this? How many volts must be going through this resistor then? Got to be 120. Now it's alternating. My skier analogy, because the whole downhill thing doesn't work as well with alternating current. But it's still got to be 120 volts. This has got to be 120 volts. Oh, and this has got to be 120 volts. Because they're in parallel. So oh, do I know the voltage? Yes. Do I know the power? Yes. What's the current in either of these? What's the current flowing through this particular section of the circuit? How many amps are going through the TV? 0.4? 2.4 amps?  But not enough to be dangerous to the wires of the house. The wires of the house, most of them are designed to take about 30 amps. 15 amps is the safety cutoff. Because if wires heat up, fire, bad, right? How many amps going through here? How many amps going through there? Anyone? I think it's 10, yes? Oh, what's the total current in this circuit? See it? 12.4. Note to self. Don't go to that corner for information. What is it over here? 4.2 amps. OK. And 10 amps. So what's the total current? 14.2. Are we going to trip the breaker? No. Hey, what if this was a 1,500 watt blow dryer? What if then? Probably. So this is how your breakers get tripped. Oh, what if I want to use a 1,500 watt without tripping the breaker? Turn off the TV! And you'll notice that often you'll blow a breaker when you flip that one last appliance on. Where I live my kitchen, there's one plug. It must be on a different circuit. I haven't quite puzzled it out. I can't plug my microwave into this one plug. Because anytime I do, inevitably it blows the breaker, which is bad because it's the best place for my microwave on my counter. So I have a long little extension cord running elsewhere, which is not necessarily the best way to go. Homework, number one. Number two, 3, 4. For the circuit in question four, complete the equations. I, 3, the current in the, oh, eh, nah. I'm not into doing an abstract algebraic. I am into having you solve stuff though. 7, 8, 6, and 7. Sorry, good gosh. I'm reading the next question as I'm circling the previous one. Clearly you know where my mind is. 8 is good. I don't know how much more is there here. OK, oh, 9 is cool, but it's a lot of work. I think I'm going to go with 10, though. So when it says what's the maximum number of the following in the house circuit, what causes a house circuit to blow if the current gets bigger than 1? And what's the voltage source in all of your house circuits? And we're ignoring the special plugs. I know your dryer and your stove has a 220-volt plug. We're not using those. We're plugging into the regular plugs, which are all 120. Technically, 114 points. Ah, 120 is the nice number to do the math with, OK? 13 is a good one to think about. And 14. Wow, a whole half hour. I almost want to start the next lesson. But I won't right now. It's going to come back to haunt me.


So what will be the relationship of these autonomous colleges to the universities after this? See, if prior experience, I mean in terms of the colleges that have already been granted autonomy, not in Delhi University but other colleges like Loyola College Chennai, Ravinshaw College Katak, you know they have a functional relationship with the university that they are a part of in terms of the degree that is being issued but in every other matter they have to do their own work including the conduct of examinations and all of that. Now you know there is a contradiction, on the one hand you have centralised syllabi, this government has gone one step further it will also decide how to sort of what kind of debates are to be held, what kind of films are to be screened, what kind of cultural or co-curricular activities are going to be held in colleges and all of that, it dictates. So there is a very large amount of centralisation that happens and government interference and ideological interference, so it is a political interference of the government. But on the other hand the government is also paying lip service to autonomy by telling us that we can frame our own kind of causes and all of that. In what kind of a context we will have to look at it, you see the government is actually interested in discontinuing funding and expansion of public funded institutions, higher education institutions. So you know as a kind of a bargaining tactic it is saying that ok abtak jobi hum fund karte aaye hai, we will continue funding it. But if you want to expand, if you want to buy more books for the library, set up more laboratories, more classrooms, if your student intake is increasing then you have to do it on your own steam. So this financial autonomy thing, if you could elaborate like what is it going to have an impact on the service condition of the employees and on the students also. I will give you one example and this is what we try to explain to our principal you know who otherwise has not been representing the views of the teachers and the governing body. We have a budget, we have about ten courses which we run, some honours courses and the BSc program be a program. And we have a budget of about twenty crores and most of the money is going towards paying teachers their salaries ok. So you can say about two crores of course. Now if you wish to introduce one new course, we are talking about self financing courses, new courses. We are told that you know we are not going to increase the fees much for the students because actually we don't want to become a commercialised institution. That goes against the reason why this was set up by the founding fathers by the Cambridge Mission. So what they tell us is no we won't do it but we have explained to them that if you wish to generate two crores a year and you have you know to live off the interest, you have to manage on the interest of a corpus because you can't say we have it in one year and the next year we don't have it, where will that extra money come from. You need at least a corpus of fifty crores if you wish to generate two crores to run it you know as an on interest basis. We just don't have that kind of money and if somebody is promising them maybe the private sector, some corporations which are interested in taking over you know the market is interested in taking over some of these institutions particularly those which have brand value. So basically people are eyeing it as a kind of you know money generating phenomenon which within a few years will degenerate so badly that nobody will want to even come here you know if the academic standards go down. So if you wish to have teachers of quality you need that kind you need to have decent service conditions salaries and so on your fees will then have to be astronomical. So who are you going to be catering to what has happened to some of these autonomous colleges which were earlier affiliated to which were part of state universities then now they are just affiliated in terms of getting degrees from there. They have a two in one system almost they have some of the old public funded courses for which they used to be famous at one time and more than half of the college is all self-financing courses where you have students who are very wealthy and paying very high fees and teachers who are very poorly paid because the whole logic of the market is that you have to increase your profit you have to charge a lot from the students by way of fees and you have to pay very little to teachers by way of expenses that is how you manage. So the whole system caters to a different set of people what you teach how you teach and you know what is the whole objective of that whole system is something that you know is not the raison d'etre of public funded institutions. So the whole quality of education will take a nose dive apart from the fact that access will be severely limited. So what is. Just to add to what Nandita I said I want to share an experience of NAC in Delhi University colleges in the college where I teach which is Khalsa College when the accreditation team came visiting our college and they interacted with us and they suggested to us that part of the college premises should be used for running coaching courses for competitions which is what you know these private coaching shops that prepare students for all. So inside the college they should be a part of. So yeah for civil service or joint entrance examinations for engineering and medicine. So part of the college premises should be used for that kind of thing. Then the senior teachers the senior faculty in every department would advise that you know they should have some kind of a corporate consultancy profile. What does that mean that means that you laser with corporate institutions and you understand their needs and then you try to tailor certain systems or actually work on projects that deliver to those needs. So I mean that is one way the government would say that it's increasing synergy between corporate India and academic institutions but it is actually showing you that you know our traditional liberal arts and sciences are going to be undermined completely by market friendly commercial kind of endeavors which is going to be the institution's focus once they get autonomy because otherwise there's no other way apart from raising student fee there's no other way of meeting the cost. So that's where I wanted to get at what will happen to the traditional pure science courses and the arts courses and also what will happen to the students coming from the marginalised sections because that's you know... The marginalised section will get pushed out. You know even today with very minimal fees compared to what it would become if you were you know autonomous or self-financing a very large number of students are not able to pay the kind of fees and many students say that we don't join since even if we have got very good marks in school and we can make it because we can't afford the fees. We have a large number of free ships but even those account for very small percent part of the fees so it's already quite difficult for students who come from marginalised backgrounds to make it to the institutions because even things like you charge for the you know some infrastructural things and so on is way too much for them to afford. Now if they have to pay for the teacher's salaries which is the bike of the grant that we get from the UGC that grant would not come for the new courses it means that it will be something like you know maybe Ashoka University and others which are self-financing every year you'll pay 6 or 7 or 8 lakhs I don't know something like that who are the people who can afford that kind of money so you know the whole thing is changing from the system of grants and where you think of higher education as a public funded good it's an investment you put money into the citizen who give the citizen that kind of education that citizen gives back to the country you want educated citizens it's not as if a citizen has a private sort of need that you need education the country needs its citizens to be educated second you need a thinking population so these social sciences and so many of these subjects pure sciences they the main job is to make you think independently whereas if you're just going to have some a few market-oriented courses that too for the quick return you know the what what the market needs today you are training the population for low-level skills cheap labor which you can put into you know provide to the multinational and big corporate organizations but the whole idea of the intellectual capital of the country is completely being sacrificed in that is a problem


Hey, everyone. Welcome to the CUBE's presentation of AWS Savings in the Cloud, only pay for what you need with AWS cost optimization. I'm your host, Lisa Martin, and today we are very excited to be joined by Matt Jero, Manager, Principal Product Management at AppDO. He's here to talk about maximizing the value of AWS reserved instances and savings plans. Matt, great to have you. Thank you so much for joining us today. Thanks so much for having me. I couldn't be more excited to be here. Yeah, we're going to have a great conversation. So the cloud cost optimization landscape, really an important topic for customers. How do you see commitment-based discounting fitting into that landscape? It's such a critical component of the landscape, and if the goals of optimization are really to make sure that every dollar you spend goes as far as possible, as effective as possible, commitment-based discounts are a huge component of that. Now, in terms of how that evolves, it becomes a really exciting component and something that FinOps teams really need to think about the balance between how much they want to cover particular aspects of their usage versus maintaining flexibility for optionality in the future as their application architecture evolves or future plans evolve, whether that's M&A, growth, etc. So a lot of exciting components to it, but the commitment-based discount becomes such a critical part of ensuring that every dollar you spend is as effective as possible. And that's what customers need, right? It's always doing more with less year after year. So at a high level, Matt, walk us through how Apdeo helps customers maximize the discounts that you just mentioned. Sounds great. So Apdeo does a tremendous amount for customers. The first aspect is really providing visibility into the spend that these organizations have, how effectively that spend is being deployed and what those optimization opportunities look like. And for the organizations that want to take that a step further and trust Apdeo to automate and manage some of those commitment-based discounts, we take that on and we can do that in a pretty unique way through some of the approaches that we've developed and ultimately deliver some really outstanding results for customers. So it's ultimately kind of where customers and organizations need help in their journey and where they're at in their kind of levels of FinOps maturity. But ultimately, Apdeo can provide a broad range of solutions that help them be as effective as possible. So that's Apdeo's role. What's the role of third-party tools when it comes to commitment management and helping customers to really optimize it? Yeah. So I think third-party tools fill a very important aspect in the ecosystem. Now, obviously the providers like AWS provide a tremendous amount of transparency and a tremendous amount of granularity into those aspects of billing and usage, et cetera. But ultimately, there's always going to be a lot of different perspectives, goals, et cetera, that come into how organizations want to manage and want to optimize and play in their spend. And that's really where third parties can help because they can tailor those solutions to the needs of the very specific organizations as opposed to the breadth that AWS needs to provide, which is a solution that works for every organization, every potential customer. So it allows us to be much more targeted, much more focused and much more effective in a lot of cases. That's critical for organizations to have that customization in any industry. Let's talk about automating. Walk me through some of the main benefits of automating commitment programs with something like cloudability savings automation. What are the big points in there for customers? Yeah. So this is a really exciting thing for us here at Apdeo. So the benefits of automation are just like from one perspective, it's just response time. FinOps teams have a lot on their plate. They're asked to do a lot. They're asked to coordinate and work across so many different application teams and across GEOs and across business units. So having visibility into those organizations and what they're doing and who's spending what can be challenging. So they're pulled in a lot of different directions. Automation can tremendously help. They're just from taking things off their plate. And obviously as organizations try to do more with less, automation is a great step. The other aspect here is that you can take a very different approach when you have automation because it helps you operate at scale. And so you can think about your approach to commitment-based discounts a little differently. So traditionally the way that the model tends to work for FinOps teams, especially early in their journey, is that you're monitoring cost explorer or monitoring cloudability and you see an increase in spend. There's some on-demand usage that has popped up. And you might look at the tags, see who's responsible for that. Talk to them a little bit about it to understand, hey, is this particular database or compute instance or whatever that resource may be. Is that going to be around for a while? What's the purpose of that? Et cetera. Understand some of those future plans and then ultimately weigh that against opportunities for savings and then decide on commitments. And whether that's committing to a specific resource or committing to a spend level via savings plans, but ultimately it tends to be a reactive portion of the feedback loop. What automation allows you to do is kind of be proactive. And when you build in aspects of flexibility into that and do that at scale via automation to ultimately construct that savings instrument portfolio in a very different way that allows you to sort of build in that flexibility, you can be much more proactive. And instead of it needing to be sort of a multi-person feedback loop of that FinOps practitioner going to talk to an application owner to understand what those future plans are, you can just react in real time. And so there's always going to be a reactive component to shorten up that cycle time and ultimately that feedback loop can be tremendously beneficial because you have the flexibility to scale up and scale down and shape that coverage curve along with the demand curve. And that's where things can get really, really powerful. And to be able to do that in as close to real time as possible at scale becomes such a challenging aspect to do manually that as you lean on automation there, that's where you can really deliver results for organizations that are well beyond what organizations could do themselves. So from an automation perspective, what you just described, it's delivering savings that manual approaches just simply can't reach for customers. Is that what I'm hearing? Absolutely. Yeah, absolutely. It's not just automating the process that organizations do themselves. It enables a totally different process that allows a just different level of savings and much more flexibility. And that's what customers need these days. So you talked a lot about flexibility, the importance and how Apdeo is really enabling customers to achieve it. How do you measure flexibility when it comes to commitment management and why is measurement of it critical? Yeah, so the way that I like to have folks think about flexibility and we've got very specific formulas for how we measure it and quantify it here at Apdeo. But the best way to think about it is essentially how much could I lower my compute spend by without any of my commitment dollars going to waste? And so it's essentially how flexible am I to change my plans in the future. And so when we think about it from that perspective, flexibility becomes so critical and it's actually, it's not something that's necessarily top of mind at least explicitly, but is really important and it's part of organizations plan. And then typically the way that you see that manifested is organizations leave some portion of their spend on demand because ultimately that gives them a little flexibility to maybe they cover 80% of that usage with savings plans and they have some usage above and beyond that has some flexibility. And whether that's flexibility for right sizing, flexibility for some divestment or applications that may be shut down at some point, they're planning around flexibility but not being conscious of that planning around flexibility. And so flexibility, if you really build that into your strategy of your savings instrument portfolio, you can really be intentional about that and then take that coverage to a much higher level because you know you have the flexibility to reshape that curve and ultimately deliver better results for the business. And so that's where things get really exciting. And it's about taking advantage of the flexibility that comes with various types of savings instruments and a portfolio approach of all of those. So the flexibility hour to hour that comes from savings plans and it's incredible. And some of the kind of big picture flexibility that can come with things like convertible reserved instances. And when you bring those together, that's where things can get really awesome for customers. A lot of power that that delivers to organizations. You talked about flexibility kind of as different components where flexibility can really help drive those savings. What are some of the other things when you're talking with customers that organizations really need to be considering when they're in that stage of developing their commitment management strategy and their approach to it? Yeah. So I think that it's a huge component. In addition to flexibility, which I think is one of the most important aspects to plan around, because when you can be intentional about flexibility, that's where you then have that sort of optionality. Because as we've seen over the last several years, there are so many things that are unpredictable about today's landscape. So whether that's the way that rates change and the impact on business or we saw with the pandemic, how quickly organizations had to pivot, flexibility becomes so important. And you never want to be sort of, you have your hands tied by yesterday's decisions. And so if there's one thing that I try to evangelize to organizations I work with, it's about the importance of flexibility and the intentionality there. In addition to that, the transparency and all of the aspects of governance that allow organizations to push some of that visibility out to the edge and having those strong relationships between Finoff's practitioners and developers and all of the other teams that are involved in those processes become so critical because ultimately having that visibility and self-service for those organizations or members of those teams ultimately allow teams to be more nimble, more effective, and more agile. And so those two together to me can be tremendously impactful. Sounds like from an impact perspective, the team relationships are really kind of strengthening that there, which is so important and necessary, as you said, to be intentional about flexibility. I love that. Matt's been great having you on the program. Thank you so much for joining me, talking about AWS Savings in the Cloud, only paid for what you need with AWS Cost Optimization. Matt, again, thank you so much. Thanks so much for having me, Lisa. And my pleasure. We want to thank you for watching and remind you to keep it right here for more action on theCUBE, the leader in live tech coverage.


Welcome to the Anxious Morning, where each weekday morning we take a look at ideas, concepts, and lessons designed to help you understand and overcome your anxiety. For more information, visit us at theanxiousmorning.com. In their book, Overcoming Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts, Sally Winston and Martin Seif wrote, Mines tend to get stickier when they are fatigued, overwhelmed by good or bad events and dealing with illness, stressful situations, or conflicting emotions. Sticky mind goes along with anxious feelings. What doctors Winston and Seif are showing us is that what we often call setbacks, times where anxious thoughts seem to return and drive us again, may very well be expected in normal reactions to the normal stress of life. We're seeing this often in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The community is full of people that recover from the virus, but for whom the health struggle and fear that comes along with it leave a lasting impression that seems to impact anxiety recovery to some degree. COVID set me back to square one is a common statement I hear every day lately. A person getting back on their feet will find that scary, anxious thoughts that they assumed were banished have returned with a vengeance. Everything is scary again, with a mind awashed and catastrophic distorted thoughts, and exposures that had been mastered are difficult again. It's natural for somebody in this situation to proclaim to the community that they are starting over and that everything has gone out the window. COVID is not the only trigger for this. Any life stressor, even good stress like getting a big promotion at work or moving to a lovely new home, can make us a bit less resilient mentally and emotionally. The same story plays out for members of the community faced with loss of a loved one, end or start of a serious relationship, health issues in the family, or any number of stressful situations. The important thing to remember here is that if you find yourself under stress and discover that your recovery seems to have been washed away or knocked back to square one, it hasn't. Nothing is wrong. You're not doing anything wrong. You didn't make mistakes, nor are you broken or beyond hope. Your mind is just acting like any human mind will act under stress, so you are simply feeling things again that you haven't felt for a while. That's not a disaster or an emergency. So two rules apply here. First, be nice to yourself. If life has you under the gun, then acknowledge this and do not demand that you perform at peak recovery levels all the time. That's not fair. Do your best to address the stressors and to find healthy ways to process stressful events and situations. This is part of being human. Second, understand that there is no change in game plan recovery wise. You'll just have to do what you've been doing, leaning in toward that fear and acting even when those newly returned thoughts tell you that you should not. This is annoying and frustrating for sure, but this is not a disaster. You know how it's done, so it will be a matter of getting back to the doing. What you do not have to do is bemoan your fate endlessly and repeat to anyone that will listen that you have relapsed. Understand the situation, acknowledge it, then relate to it in a productive way. Do not give the thoughts and fear any more power than they need to have. Everything in life is transient in nature, including the stuff that is stressing you out right now.  If you're enjoying the anxious morning and you'd like to get a copy of the podcast delivered into your email inbox every morning, visit the anxious morning dot email and subscribe to the newsletter. If you're listening on Apple or iTunes, take a second and leave a five star rating, maybe write a small review. It really helps me out. And finally, if you find my work useful and you'd like to help keep it free of advertising and sponsorships, you can see all the ways to support the work at the anxioustruth.com slash support. Thanks so much.