Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Our topic today is strategic outlook for South Asia. What we're looking at is that here is an area which has common cultural heritage, common history, but is the least integrated economically. And it presents, to my mind, a great opportunity. Hi. I know there are lots of issues about politics between our countries. And considering the theme of this conference about the fractured world, we're actually quite a fractured lot in South Asia. So I think it's quite appropriate that we should look at this subject. And I would like that we put politics aside and do some blue-skying, dreaming, thinking that what are the possibilities which can happen in this region? After all, who would imagine after the Second World War and the kind of wars Europe has had between the countries that they would form the European common market? Similar situation has been in our subcontinent. There have been wars. But I think the possibilities of being a common market is something we should think about. Consider the infinite possibilities. The population of 1.67 billion, a middle class of around 400 million, another 150-odd million earning as much as higher than those in the wealthiest central European nations, a population that buys 4 million cars, 21 million two-wheelers, and 200 million smartphones a year. These are just some of the most mouthwatering opportunities for business in South Asia. And the economies of India, Bhutan, Bangladesh are growing around 6% to 7%. Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal just a shade lower. South Asia could easily double regional trade from the enemic $23 billion, which is there today. Yet this is a region of missed opportunities. It remains one of the world's least integrated regions. Intra-regional trade accounts for only 5% of South Asia's total trade. Exports constitute only around 10% of South Asia's GDP. This is the lowest of all regions barring sub-Saharan Africa. And we don't have to look any further than the Asian to understand how to convert a strong regional and control similarities into infinite possibilities. How an economic grouping of 644 million people reverse the trend of global trade in favor of intra-region trade and generates an annual GDP of $2.7 trillion. So can South Asia deliver on the grand opportunity and how? And you can see that what an enormous opportunity there is if we can get this whole idea going. I have with me a distinguished panel to discuss this. We're not fully represented from all the whole region. But I think that people have studied this subject and will be quite knowledgeable about what we're going to talk about. I have with me Mr. Gaurav Dalmia from India. He is a serial investor in various businesses. He's constantly looking for opportunities. So I think this couldn't be a bigger opportunity for him to discuss. We have Dr. Sanya Nishta, who has done an enormous work in health care and has also been somebody who has almost got elected to the director general of WHO and has studied very closely cooperation, collaboration which can happen between our countries on various aspects, not only medical, cultural, and so forth. I have Mr. Ajay Singh, who is also a serial entrepreneur in aviation, CEO of SpiceJet, somebody who's turned around companies and also has been instrumental and spearheaded Mr. Modi's campaign in 2014, which we all know has been such a success. And he's close to the BJP government. And somebody who's in civil aviation has to have a geopolitical perspective on most things. So I think I'm sure he'll have lots of things to say. And one of the big issues, I think, is connectivity between our countries. We have Vijay Sharma, who is from PTM, an internet entrepreneur into digital payments. Now he's in a bank, a very enterprising person in the business, which is very timely in India because we just went through demonetization and digital payments is the big thing which has been promoted in India. So he's the right man in the right place. And I'm sure he sees opportunities in South Asia. So let me start first with Ajay Singh. I want you to tell us about how you see this opportunities which exist in South Asia. Because connectivity is a very important part of this whole game. And you must have looked at possibilities. You also are part of the kind of think tank of this government. So let us hear your views on this. Well, as you said, the possibilities are endless. 5% of our trade is between the South Asian countries. If you look at the other blocks, NAFTA has more than 50% of the trade happening within NAFTA. If you look at the EU, that's again about 57%, 58% of the trade happening within the EU. So I think it's a great pity that we should not be trading more. We should not be just having more business links with each other. As far as connectivity is concerned, connectivity follows trade, of course. If there was more trade, there would be more connectivity. And while we are connected by air links to most of the South Asian countries, the links are extremely sparse. And we really need to do more. Just as we talk of having a single economic block, we really need to consider if we can have open skies, a system by which airlines from countries within South Asia can fly to each other without restriction. And if we could do that, that would give a huge boost to trade as well as to tourism in all South Asian countries. I think it's a great pity that the most populist countries in the world today, Delhi and Karachi and Lahore and Mumbai, amongst the most populist countries in the world today, have little or no air connectivity at all. So great possibilities for trade and commerce, great possibilities for tourism, great possibilities for air connectivity, connectivity of all sorts, great possibilities for bringing down the cost of our economies by doing business with each other. Very often, business is being done between India and Pakistan through Dubai, the Gulf states, which is a huge pity. It's also hugely expensive to do this. So this whole $5 trillion economy that the prime minister spoke about yesterday for India by 2025, that date would probably get advanced if we just had greater links with each other. Thank you. In fact, I read somewhere in a report that it's cheaper for India to trade with Brazil than with Pakistan in terms of just connectivity and so forth. Rapsanya, you've studied this region and looked at various areas of cooperation and collaboration between specifically between India and Pakistan. But let's look at the whole region. What are the possibilities you consider, which could be there, where there could be cooperation and collaboration? And how can we open up these borders? Well, certainly, there are many opportunities. It's a question of how you're willing to tap them. And I think that it's very important to understand what the imperative is. Clearly, Mr. Ajay has talked about the potential of boosting trade and what it would mean for our economies and what it would mean in terms of eradicating poverty, assuming that governments would have the ability to accrue the benefits of that economic growth equitably to populations. There's clearly a huge untapped potential there. But I think we need to recognize the imperative of collaboration, especially at this point in time, because the world is very different from what it was 10 years ago or even a few years ago. I mean, the sustainable development agenda to which all our countries have signed up to has, I should, in a very different paradigm compared to what was the norm in the past. I mean, in the frame of development, the norm in the past was that the developed countries had compacts with the developing world, and they would go and, under the framework of the Millennium Development Goals, have bilateral relationships and multilateral relationships. But the premise of the sustainable development agenda is to focus the systems and processes of the countries to strengthen systems so that the international system can focus on where it has a comparative advantage. So, essentially, that means that the owners of development, the owners of system strengthening, the owners of trade and cooperation is on countries themselves. And regional collaboration and regional institutions are a very important tool for that. Unfortunately, we do not have the convening institutions for us to be able to engage. I mean, last year I was a campaign extensively as one of the finalists for Director General of the World Health Organization. And in that role, you have to study regional institutions very carefully because that's how you seek support and votes. And I have to say our region is, by far, the least integrated. I mean, look at the Caribbean and the Latin Americans and how they've moved on to financial integration, to regulatory, to being on common standards and regulatory collaboration. And so even the smallest countries of the world, those that are least developed, are finding common grounds to convert because they realize that it gives them voice and representation and a seat at the table in the international system and that it boosts trade and is good for their economies and they're able to capitalize on sharing of experiences and pool the paltry resources that they have. And I think that countries of South Asia stand to gain significantly from pooling resources in terms of human capital. I mean, in today's digital age, and I'm sure the expert here will bear me out, I mean, this is a world which has completely changed. We now know for sure that two thirds of the wealth of a country is its human capital. And in fact, in the years to come, the borrowing ability of a country will be affected by its progress on human development. Now that, how do you power economies in an environment like that? So what do you think are the stumbling blocks? I mean, in the sense that how do we move forward on this? We know that all these possibilities exist, the development of human capital and the fact that we should be trading with each other and exchanging far more in cultural terms and considering that we have such a common heritage. What do you think, and you know, India and Pakistan are two big gorillas in the room, right? And they're the ones who don't talk to each other too well. Tell me, what do you think is the way forward and what are the real stumbling blocks in this? So in terms of a tangible way forward, we need to have functioning regional institutions. And fortunately, Sark hasn't taken off in the way that CARICOM did in the way there's so many other regional institutions around the world did, ASEAN. I mean, I can go on with the long list of regional institutions in Latin America alone. So I think we need to have functioning regional institutions that provide a convening space, not just for governments, but people and businessmen and individuals from the social sector. And alongside that, we need to invest in the right, you know, to have the right evidence to bring to the table in terms of the benefits of collaboration. Because whenever there have been exchanges and a proactive stance to get countries of the region together, I mean, there are odd opeds in the news here and there. But there isn't the science-based evidence and you know, drawn from analytical, serious analytical work that brings to bear the benefits of collaboration. And you know, there aren't enough champions who are willing to stand on either side of the border to say, well, we need to step aside from politics and look up and think about the future of, a quarter of the world's population and what regional integration. Well, I know about India and Pakistan. I mean, whenever I traveled to Pakistan, it's a great affinity between the two people. You know, in terms of this visage to leave politics aside, it is a great commonality, affinity, love and desire to do things together. I'm always puzzled of why it doesn't happen. In fact, when I was there during the last Pakistan election and I met at that time a candidate, Nawaz Sharif, and there were great power shortages in Lahore. And he said, why can't India supply us power? I know, I would love to get power from India. The moment you get this kind of connectivity, you're not going to get any kind of wars going on because you're so dependent on each other. But of course that just went up into thin air. Yeah, I don't mean to dominate the conversation, but clearly we need regional institutions. We need to start talking to each other. We need to open a dialogue because without a dialogue, we're not going to be able to come to common grounds on what the problems are and where the solutions need to be. And I strongly feel that we need to invest in institutions that can provide the hard evidence and then we need to have the right communication strategy. So I think in terms of a starting point, the convening platforms would be an absolute prerequisite.  What do you see in this? Well, I think as a backdrop, I just want to build on the point just made. People of India and people of Pakistan are not at war with each other. The government of India and the government of Pakistan tend to get into skirmishes all the time. And the test of that really is, and we were talking about this earlier, if you go to New York City, Indian and Pakistani cab drivers live together almost as one community. So given that backdrop, the possibilities of trade and investment and so on and so forth are real. So if you just look at India and Pakistan, there could be a lot of manufactured good exports from India who spoke about power. There could be a lot of things of that type. There could be gas and apparel and stuff like that with Bangladesh. So there are a lot of cross-border synergies which need to be exploited by business people but enabled by governments. Today, the restriction is that there are a lot of barriers to opening up this kind of trade or manufacturing or investment. And I would think it makes sense for governments to act to open this up. And the benefits would accrue almost immediately because of trade. If we don't integrate, look at the worst case scenario. If we don't integrate, the risk is India this region will become a proxy for India-China kind of conflict. If we don't integrate. So it's better we integrate looking that those forces are at play. So what do you think are the stumbling blocks? I think the stumbling blocks are essentially political, trade-related regulations. People will take time to invest because they're not knowledgeable about local markets. But that's beginning to happen. Vijay, what do you see opportunities here in the digital space in terms of banking, financial services, maybe e-commerce? You're in e-commerce now too? Yeah, I think we are totally understanding the opportunity. Look at this, that when India got independent then we worked with sort of few Europeans, Americans and Japanese companies and Suzuki's largest market effectively today is India. So Indian companies, if let's say there is a physical trade barrier, so to say, at least there is no digital trade barrier. I think we are leaving our markets open to Americans, Chinese and other companies to fight us domestic players versus those large conglomerates who can spend disproportionate amount of money and play out. So local opportunities will effectively become global markets and global markets dominated by a few of those who are not necessarily long-term going to contribute in those countries. Digital is a disproportionately bigger opportunity because it doesn't require many other concerns like border cross, physical export and port of those things. You could remotely do this. Cloud services could be the way to distribute things. I think some of us in these regions, considering we are identified while we are known as blue-collar workers at, hard workers at and then even the knowledge economy leaders, the idea is that some of us from India probably or from other neighboring countries should take a stand up and then say that this is our consortium. One of the ride-sharing company, Ola in India, built up a partnership in the region, but it was not Ola-driven, it was a partnership. Ola joined the consortium built by a Chinese company. Effectively, what I'm trying to say is that China has a far more ambition on this reason than this reason has its own ambition on this reason. I think that is something we should be worried about. And while China has ambition and a learning and thanks to the proxies nearby learning and experiences, even Americans and Japanese couldn't left behind. So opportunities, nobody doubts it. Similarities, nobody doubts it. Experience and the linear progression of what we've done in India, what we've done in the region can go. I take a few examples and the question that why it has not happened, and I take a few examples and there is a little bit of learning there. Bahati et al tried Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and finally came back. Then there are a few companies, I mean, there are regional- Why did they come back? Ultimately, I think what's happening is that it's a particular company case, so less of a pattern here, but at the macro, I could say that. All, so when you are an economy, there are frontier markets below you and there are senior markets above you, so more or less everything below you requires more patience, a disproportionate large amount of patience. Even though Bahati got out of this and went to Africa, which is a little bit confusing, it was better to be here than to be in Africa if there was a growth of market level. The point I'm trying to bring is that we all have to understand that when we go neighboring markets, these will be very small numbers for us. A lot of people want ATM in Nepal, and I'm not sure why should we quote-unquote invest our time. When I say invest in time, it means bandwidth constraints, and what should I not do? But I think there has to be an understanding that together we stand, we can become a, like you said, in starting off this, that there is an EU, there is nothing. If we together can become one market, at least for digital world, if not for physical world-led things, there is a very big opportunity for all of us to do it. Companies could open up to collaboration, investments. India has large investment now thanks to the attraction of the local market, but we are not going neighboring countries to invest that money. Even Nepal Bhutan, or Sri Lanka, or Bangladesh. Who's the player of financial services there? Another Chinese person. Another other Asian person, not Indian. I think either we have not looked at it like this as a country coming to the stumbling blocks, either we as Indians have not looked at it, that there is an opportunity, we've looked at them as a sort of either an aggressive sibling, or a younger, too younger market that we don't need to bother. Either that is one of the anchor, or we all get emotionally charged first, then rationally business savvy. The topic of China came up. China has ambitions, the obor is coming, India hasn't participated in it. How do you think the Chinese initiatives in this region are going to affect our possible integration of Pina countries? Well, I think it's quite clear that China means to dominate this region. As we all know, China has also applied for membership of the SAC. And they would like to get into SAC and dominate SAC as well. So, I think we need to be careful. We need to ensure that China is not able to use its proximity with Pakistan as a proxy for getting into the SAC. And I think paradoxically, one of the solutions could be to follow what India and China have done in relations between each other, which is to say, look, we have water disputes with each other. Let's put those aside. Let's put those aside. Let's just freeze those disputes in time. And let's focus on other areas where we can collaborate. And if somehow we can start to do that with Pakistan, and let's be under no illusions, the problem with SAC is the relationship between India and Pakistan. That's the biggest problem. And that is what we need to sort out. And if we can, you know, we need to build that trust slowly.  So, perhaps what we can say is that, look here, here is a dispute which we just freeze in time, which is the dispute regarding Kashmir and the border. And we focus on trade and work with each other to make sure that both countries can actually benefit. If we can just follow that model, I think that would be absolutely fantastic for this region. And I think, in part, a lot of this India's look East policy and India's engagement with ASEAN is because they're having this trouble on their Western frontier. And so they say, look, you know, let's not waste our time here. Let's go into the ASEAN and let's try and build closer economic links with ASEAN. Lulsanya, how do you see it from Pakistan in terms of the fact that we're not able to open up. Let's look at India and Pakistan, just bilaterally, right? Why is it that Pakistan is not, is there a kind of a fear complex in Pakistan about India coming and dominating in their economy? And that's why they move closer to China. And most of the trade goes through UAE. India's given MFN status, Pakistan hasn't reciprocated. What is your view on this? How will it play out? And why does it not play out? Well, you talked about the fear factor. Certainly there is no fear factor there. I have been part of many bilateral initiatives, you know, of the kind that focus on building cultural and social bridges between the two countries. And whenever there has been, whenever there has been such an initiative, Pakistan has welcomed, you know, communities from the other side of the border with a lot of sincerity at a people level. And with open arms, I myself was the co-chair with Nareesh Trihan, your brother-in-law. We both co-chaired the Health Committee of Amman Ki Asha. And I distinctly recall the intent to collaborate on both sides because we have common problems. I mean, the threat of emerging and re-emerging infections is real and it could potentially devastate the world not to talk about the region. So it is in our common interest to speak to each other as far as surveillance of disease is concerned. Whenever we talk about universal health coverage and we go to international meetings, the Indians and Pakistanis are talking about the same thing. We're talking about the unruly, private healthcare sector that needs to be, you know, whose potential needs to be harnessed. And we're talking about traditional providers and informal providers and the issue of spurious drugs, which is common and whenever we talk about reform, you have the RSBY, we have bar insurance schemes, which are built on similar lines. We have Asha's, you have Asha's, we have lady health workers and you know, the eye clinics and the burgeoning of the various technological innovations in the social sectors are quite similar because our systems have evolved from the same colonial background. So the systemic constraints are similar. The impediments are similar and likewise the solution could benefit from collaborating. So I mean, in Pakistan- So why do these initiatives fizzle out? I mean, they don't end up with much to show at the end. I mean, the one Aman Ki Asha, even the one you did, very laudable things. Things are not politically charged in that sense. They're all about health and culture and so forth. So why do they fizzle out? Why do they not get bigger instead of just tapering off? Well, and I circled back to what I said right at the very beginning. We need convening spaces. We need convening spaces for people to people contact and exchange and dialogue on purely humanitarian and social sector subjects, which have nothing to do with politics. I mean, the people in India and Pakistan and Bangladesh and the rest of the world have common problems and we need to be committed to humanitarianism and you know, to bringing improvements and humanity at large and to poverty eradication and to social sector goals that are not controversial from any perspective and those kind of exchanges and dialogues could be insulated from whatever politics entails on both sides. And I think that that will augur trust and peace building and health could be, I mean, narration, I tried very hard to use health as an entry point to peace building between the two countries. I mean, there is, we know that, you know, a lot of Pakistanis seek healthcare in your country. I mean, the liver transplant units, which is something that is in the phase of development in my part, in my country, something that you're quite further along in having deployed and specialized and I think one of the easiest things to do is- Why do the people in power don't realize this? That all these benefits which could accrue to both countries somehow stops somewhere, right? Why is it that civil society is not able to impress the politicians that these are important things that we should move forward on? It's beneficial to everybody. Why does it not move? Well, people in power are not a homogenous community on either side. There are those who would much rather further exchange and communication as an entry point to lasting peace. And of course, on either side of the border, there are others who do not want to see that happening because of narrow interests and we have to be mindful that civil society can really push and the academics in particular and the researchers and reformers can really push for collaboration because there is no other way than to speak to each other.  I mean, I'm not taking delegations, Nareesh is not bringing delegations. We're unable to because there's a lot of unpredictability in terms of visas and there are transport impediments which as you know, very well. And our governments are not speaking to each other except for sporadic exchange between the national security advisors and that too on a very sporadic and opportunistic basis. We need to engage each other. I mean, if there is mistrust and if there are concerns and issues, there is no substitute to engagement. And I would very much like that to happen. By the way, I'm not a trade expert and you referred to the MFN status. My sense is that we have given very favorable positions to the other side as well. I mean, when you're across Vagaborder, there are lines of trucks from your side which we welcome. We of course welcome trade from both sides. Yeah, Gaurav. You know, I'd like to make one point. I'm not a geopolitical expert but it's often been said that if India and Pakistan synchronize their elections, half the political rhetoric will stop.  That slows down. Then there's election in Pakistan and the rhetoric builds up. Of course the problem in India is that there are elections all the time. So how would you even synchronize anything? No, but I must say that in India, until recently, Pakistan has never been an issue in elections, there's always been some local issues. I don't know whether in Pakistan, India is more of, sometimes more of an issue in terms of... Well, I'm not a government representative at this panel and I'm totally a political, I have no party affiliations but to be fair to all the political parties, India has never factored into election pledges. So nobody will fight an election in Pakistan on an anti-India ticket. So our politicians, regardless of who they are by and large, are very mindful of that. So they don't stoke public support through the anti-India rhetoric. And we're very careful about that. Would you agree with that, Ajay? I think a part of the problem is also the media, by the way. You know, I think that, you know, Joaquin sometimes provokes a lot of trouble as well. There are some channels, and I don't want to name them, who always appear to be pushing. I think, and I guess they exist on both sides of the border, they always seem to be pushing for war. And I don't know if this gets eyeballs or why this happens, but for, you know, the littlest of provocations seem to be blown up and I think this is something that responsible media needs to stop doing and they need to understand that what they are doing is actually taking away from economic progress which can really happen in the region. And a large part of the responsibility, in my view, belongs to India. India is 80% of the South Asian economy and it's more than 80% of the population of this region. And, you know, it's not enough for India to just say that, look, China is encircling us, they are doing this port in Sri Lanka or they are doing this government in Nepal or they are doing something else in Bhutan, in Doklam and all this stuff. I think India needs to go and repair relations with its western neighbor. The disproportionate responsibility belongs to India. And I don't think it is enough for India to say that, okay, we'll engage with just about everybody else in South Asia and try and build links but not do it with Pakistan. So just if you allow me a follow-up or comment on that, I couldn't agree more with you. But in terms of, and as I said earlier, and I reiterate that the politicians, notwithstanding all their other faults on other sides have never stoked this, you know, for their election rhetoric. But in terms of the media, I agree with you that there are inflammatory segments on either side. On either side. I won't defend that. So, you see, we have common problems. So if we were speaking to each other, we were in a dialogue, we would be sitting around the table and saying, well, here is a problem that is common. We have a small faction of the media stoking distrust on either side. What is it that we can do about it? Do we need to speak to our regulatory agencies to bring standards and norms that could be a safeguard against that? So I think I circle back to the issue of the need to have that connection to speak. Because without that, we will be on either side of that red line that we... Ajit, are you saying that India's not trying hard enough? I think we need to try harder, definitely. I think that, you know, we are in this vicious circle where it's become almost fashionable to bash your neighbor. And it is presumed that because so much media is bashing our neighbors, it must be something which is popular with the people and therefore must be something which potentially gets you votes. I think there needs to be a serious dialogue within India about the benefits. And I completely agree with you when you say that, I think these benefits are not really quantified. Nobody really understands. Nobody understands that a closer collaboration, what that might mean to the people of India, let alone the people of South Asia. I think that needs to be studied. That needs to be explained much better. And that needs to be obvious to policymakers. I can tell you that most policymakers do not understand that trade is so abysmal. And actually trade could be really, really significant and could really boost our, you know, or fast forward our national goal of becoming, you know, the world's second or third largest economy. Well, it's ironical that we are having this discussion of integration of South Asia in Davos, which is a conversation we never have in India or in Pakistan. We're always talking about the border and Kashmir and skirmishes and so forth. So I think that's one of the things which needs to be done in this region. We need to talk more within ourselves and media also has a responsibility in terms of what are the benefits of us integrating and creating this possibility that, yes, there is a possibility that we can have a more integrated region where everybody benefits. And I don't think that conversation really happens in India or in Pakistan or any other parts of the region. And that conversation has to be evidence-based. It has to be based on data and science and hard evidence in terms of what the future projections could look like if we... Yeah, I mean, but that's there. I mean, there's a lot of data available of what are the possibilities. So I think it's not focused, yeah. Nobody talks about it as a possibility, even. Vijay, you answer. Mr. Preet, you've seen it for more number of years than probably some of us would have seen because you have a lens of media also and different curves. We just learned two different solutions that media could normalize themselves to different and election could synchronize. What would you say that why Indians find it more fashionable like we just learned? And it is there. And now that social media will allow this to go far away than an editor could decide now. I mean, it's gone beyond handover media now, actually, I would say. Then at the same point of time, these amankasha innovations and such conversations, they sort of have, like we said, pro and con in the city, in any city that you talk about. Is it that we are too emotionally charged as a history of your last 30, 40 years that you say that when we became, or is it that we don't want to forget the history here? Is it some old thing that is not, that is brewing it backward or is it an incremental thing that is an issue? Are you gonna say that before I say it? I just want to say quickly that as you've pointed out, this history existed in other parts of the world. What worse history could be there than Europe and the world war. So we need to forget this history. And I think that we say that we are the youngest nation in the world. Today, 800 million people under the age of 35 in India. I would think that this is a new generation and they probably have fewer wounds of partition and all the problems that have occurred in the past and the wars that have happened in the past. In 1971 when we had a war, most of the kids, most of the people of India were not born. And therefore we need to leave this past behind. I think it's for media and it's for political leadership not to keep reminding people of that past and try and build a common future. And just to pick further on that, I mean, going back to the history of Europe, I mean, the reason why they have left the differences behind was because they started with trade and they were financial interdependencies and ultimately they realized that it was in their common interest to collaborate and forget about what happened in the past. It's entirely possible in our region as well. I'd hope that when the post-partition generation came into power that things would change, right? Unfortunately they haven't changed. Still somehow we're stuck with the same mind blocks. One more thing I think of is we don't think or talk enough about the upside. Take a few anecdotes. Grameen Bank happened in Bangladesh. What they did, our cultural situation, our sociological situation is very similar. Same would be in Pakistan. Just breast practices from Grameen Bank could help us so much if we integrated further. If you just look at the hydropower potential of Nepal, it could transform Nepal. If you looked at the largest motorcycle manufacturers in Indian company, one of the greatest manufacturing hubs for automobiles cars is India. If you look at what transformation could happen to the Indian automotive sector if we integrated and similarly there'll be things in Pakistan. Pakistan's spending valuable foreign exchange and getting importing cars. We don't think about the upside. We think about the so-called dysfunctional aspects which are there in any society. It is the mistrust that is eclipsing the potential to draw advantages from regional collaboration. We'll come back to that in our end to see how to overcome this mistrust. I'll open it up to the audience if people want to ask questions. This is anybody from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka. Don't want to make it an India-Pakistan debate. Yes, madam. Did you want to ask a question? Thank you. I have a comment, but I also love if some of the panel can also respond. I think the narrative about how China's seeking to dominate the region is a dangerous one, particularly when actually the largest foreign director investment comes from the US and Japan, I believe in India, but also Japan is very effective across the region. And so underpinning that fear, I'm not entirely sure what it is, but I think this is a fantastic opportunity to discuss. And then, of course, prior to Prime Minister Moody coming here, he kind of stopped off in Israel and has now become really good friends with Israel. And so I thought that kind of bilateral relationship is also really beneficial. And just as a last comment, I think China overall, as with any other country that has now sort of opportunities to go abroad, wishes to share. And could there be a more positive, constructive relationship with China as well as many other countries that seeks to support this regional collaboration? Thank you. Anyone else? Do you think we do not, we have border conflict with China, Doklam, you said it. And China has more comfort with Pakistan. Is that the double reason that we fears that China, even though the numbers speak something else? I think so. But irrespective of what is happening at the Doklam border, I think that the two nations are mature enough to say that, look, trade will go on and that we will continue to work with each other on areas of mutual interest. And I think the same needs to be done with Pakistan. I think the way India and China have handled relations with each other has actually been extremely constructive. And while there is concern in India about the circling of India and China would feel that we are perhaps building a relationship with Taiwan or with the countries adjoining China, I think both nations are mature enough to understand that they are going to be global powers and they will not be global powers if the relationship between the two most populous nations in the world doesn't work at a commercial level. Okay, Mike. Sorry, you had something to say? So just a 30-second response to reiterate the importance of what you're saying. I think China is a global player in today's multi-polar world and its interest in the South Asian region and Sarkin particularly should be welcomed. Of course, every country has the right to think about its own interests, but I think that China's interest in the region and in Sarkin particularly is really an opportunity which we should tap. I think it's not mutually exclusive. I mean, you can be friends with China. Absolutely. Everybody should benefit. My question is to Dr. Nishtar and to Mr. Singh. This is because you've been the minister and you're very actively involved in the BJP. Isn't it also about biting the bullet politically, political bulletins, that we can eat each other's salt, we can eat each other's onion, we can take sugar from each other or not? Because that is the starting point of all that because that becomes a huge political hot potato for both the nations whenever there are requirements and then you end up importing via Dubai or via Oman or Qatar or anything like that. So, when these things are discussed within the government, are these things thrown out for want of political willpower? Do you want to go first? Well, I think that biting the political bullet is an issue. But I think that the perception on the Indian side has always been that it's not enough to talk to the politicians on the other side. And there needs to be confidence building with the Pakistani army. And that is an issue that really needs some resolution. If it needs a dialogue with the Pakistani army, then so be it. There'd be a dialogue with the Pakistani army. But there needs to be a dialogue. There is no substitute for dialogue. As Ma'am was saying, you cannot stop talking to each other. You cannot have sporadic dialogue with each other. We owe it to our region to have a framework of consistent dialogue and consistent people-to-people contacts. And I don't even think that this is politically unpopular. I think Mr. Modi, when he was sworn in, actually invited all the leaders of the South Asian countries and they were all gracious enough to attend his swearing-in. After that, on Mr. Nawaz Sharif's birthday, the Prime Minister actually did make a visit to Pakistan. So if this was politically unpopular, he would not have done these things. Clearly it is not. So we just need to find a framework in which this dialogue can happen and can include all interested parties, including perhaps the armed forces. So just follow up on that. Normally there is an issue with political government all over the world. That issue is not specific to Pakistan. It's not specific to India. It's not specific to South Asia. It's germane to wherever governments turn around every five years and have to go into the election mode. By default, their focus is very much on short-term goals to the detriment of long-term thinking about a country's future. And I think the key is to engage stakeholders on either side of the border also, where you can kind of move away from this policy of isolation, which is inherent to change in governments. And those stakeholders also include academics and long-end opinion shapers and individuals who wield influence in the business world and the chambers of commerce and the other business communities. But again, we circle back to the issue of the dialogue and the need for convenience. We don't hear these voices. I mean, even the chambers of commerce I think should be talking more about mutual beneficial trade. And they should be given more visibility and participation in the public discourse in the media rather than having a minority from either side. And I would say that there is certainly the minority on either side who are stoking in mistrust and stoking trouble, rather than them if we had the sustainable convening space for individuals who had the ability to draw on evidence and bring to bear the right narrative, which would bear fruit for the future of both nations. It would be in our interest. No, I just want to say about, you've talked about the media and I agree with you the media should have responsibility in this. And our anchor general is going to war every evening with Pakistan. I think it's a reflection also of what's happening in India in terms of this, we have become more fractured. And the fact that taking a stand against Pakistan has become a popular thing to do. And it gets a lot of these people where people start shouting and abusing each other, gets TRPs and there's no doubt about this. And I think that's how the media get its ratings. So we have to go fundamentally back to some of the core parameters that need to change. I mean, how are the media ratings built up and what factors into that calculation and what is the motivation of the political system to, you know, to brew up a certain narrative. And of course, what is the value of these media ratings compared to the value of trade between the nations? A figment of our imagination. So it's very difficult to forget things going on when there's real bloodshed happening on both sides. I mean, bloodshed has to stop before a conversation can start. Yeah, nobody would disagree with that. Yeah, so. But you're still an important opinion maker of your country.  If a prime minister refers to like that, how do you expect a confidence building measure on the other side of the border? Like I am, my father was born in Pakistan and we were never taught hatred and we grew up listening to Punjabi songs but how do, we can forget partition but there has to be some action following the statements or following all these very good things about confidence building measures and all that stuff. So I just want to take on that. Thank you. I don't know which particular incident you're referring to in terms of the. No, when you talked about the prime minister but these things are not going to be solved unless we speak because we need to deliberate on the evidence, we need to explain to you what the difficulties are in terms of the, in terms of the time lag, in terms of the conviction. So all these, we have to be on the table to be able to talk about these things so that we can explain to you where our judicial system is in the process of that particular case that you're referring to. Before we end, maybe I'll just take a round in terms of, I know always ends up as an India-Pakistan debate, inevitably but still just I'll ask each one of the panelists to say how hopeful are they about that this movement of economic integration is going to take place in this region? Maybe give a timeline, five years, 10 years, one year or give some kind of a rating to see that where are we heading in this direction or how would you see the future here? Aaron, I think we are integrating and we will continue to integrate. I just don't think it's happening as fast as the potential of integration is and that's where the disappointment lies but I think the trend is on the right side and as new generations of leaders come in as we've already seen, some of the hygiene factors that have been at play will dissipate. Oksana? So integration is an end point whether it is for financial integration or monetary integration or regulatory integration and harmonization but in order to get to an end point you need to have a process in a certain set of outcomes and in order to set up processes you need institutional arrangements and currently we do not have the processes in place and currently we do not have the institutional arrangements in place so I think I'll end with what I started with in the beginning. We need to start talking and we need to have the convening space that can be instillated from political interference on either side and that would be the first entry point to making progress. Ajay? Well, at this time things don't look so great but we are always optimistic and economic logic is a very powerful logic. So eventually just the sheer economic logic will drive integration. I'm just concerned about the pace of it. I think that if all stakeholders get together this can happen a lot faster and can bring benefit much, much, much more quickly than you and I can imagine at this time. Ajay? I'd say that we as Indians will integrate far more closely and faster with other neighboring economies, Nepal, Bangladesh, Lanka and others. Versus Pakistan I believe that this has become like we all understood a significantly political and Ajay added an angle there that there is a little bit ahead of political conversation there. I'm significantly less hopeful. I still believe we'll be 10 years forward and we still might be doing a business via Dubai or some Middle Eastern country. Sorry, what did you say? We still will be doing business that way because like we all are talking pace, it's so small and the rate is so less that even 10% progress is a very large number to achieve in 10 years. Okay, I can only say that we all recognize the huge opportunities which is there and the great benefits which would apply which would accrue to all the countries involved. Politics is of course the big stumbling block between India and Pakistan and these two countries have to overcome this as Ajay has said, put this, if they can put the politics aside and start talking about trade, start improve connectivity, I think this would help in terms of not only the politics part of it but of course the economic benefit which will accrue to the whole region. So I wanna thank my panelists for the comments. Thank you. Thank you all. Thank you.


English vocabulary word of the day, SAFE, from espressoenglish.net. First let's work on the pronunciation. SAFE starts with the letter S, which sounds like in SON, SAY, and SICK. The letter A has the same sound as in NAME, LATE, and DAY. And FE sounds like in IF, STUFF, and Laugh. Say it with me. SAFE. You probably already know that SAFE is the opposite of dangerous. For example, this protective equipment will keep you safe from radiation. The word SAFE also refers to an object. A SAFE is a securely locked box, usually made of metal and locked with a key or a combination of numbers. For example, you should keep your passport in the hotel safe. Again, a SAFE is usually a small metal box. If you have a securely locked room, that's called a vault. Banks usually have a vault. One expression with the word SAFE is play it safe. This means to take precautions and avoid taking risks. For example, I don't like to invest in the stock market because I prefer to play it safe when it comes to my money. Another idiom is SAFE AND SOUND. This means safe and physically OK without injuries or damage. For example, we crashed the car, but we were all safe and sound thanks to the seatbelts. Are you ready to learn more words? Go ahead and click on the link in the video to take two free sample lessons from my vocabulary builder course.


Hey stampers, welcome to another week of Watch It Weekly Wednesday. I'm Aubrey part of the Stampin' Jill creative team. Today, I'm excited to share with you a suite that's in the new mini catalog. It's this super cute Be Mine suite, perfect for Valentine's Day. So I want to show you all of the things that are in the suite and then I want to give you a few tips to go with making one of these boxes. So the paper is always my favorite part and we've used this enough that I only have little pieces left. So you can kind of see them here. On the one side, like normal, you can see it's more of like a pattern, a little pattern. And then on the other side, there's different little B patterns. So they're super cute. Really fun paper, this honey one I love. Flowers, just cute bees. So fun. And then there's also this really cute ribbon. And then the bundle, this is the Be My Valentine bundle. So it has this cute stamp set and the punch that coordinates with it and punches out this this bee. And then it has these two hearts. One is coordinates with the wings for the bee and this other little one coordinates with its little antenna. So that's kind of a fun punch. There's also these really cute adhesive-backed hearts and flowers in all these cute colors that coordinate with the paper. And then there's also these square pillow boxes that come just like this. They come in a package of ten and these fold up to be these cute little pillow boxes that you can put little treats in for your Valentine. So fun. So I want to give you a few tips on how to do this box and show you how to make the bee as well. So one of the fun things that we discovered is that the Deckled Circles dies, these are a great staple to have in your die collection. The Deckled Circles, the very biggest circle in that die will fit just right perfectly on this square pillow box. So I've already cut one out. This cute stripe. And I'm just going to adhere that down. I'm going to use Stampin' Seal Plus just so it gives it a little extra strength on that adhesive. And I'm just going to do around the edges and then one little spot in the middle and line that up just right in the center. Just on that non-adhesive side. So you can see part of the box has these two spots that have adhesive already on it. So I'm going to peel those off when I put the box together. And you're going to put your Deckled Circle die on the other side. And then you're just going to kind of fold that paper along with the box, along the score lines that are already on the box. Makes it really easy to get that put together. So then I'm just going to peel off this pre-adhesive that's already on the box. Just like that. And we're going to put it together. I'm just going to tuck those pieces in. And maybe I'll adhere one at a time. They just fold right up into each other. Just like that. Makes it really simple. And then you just fold that flat, that open side. In on itself. And you have this super cute square box. So fun. So let's decorate that up. I have a series of paper from the Be Mine suite. And I'm just going to put that down in my little background. Just like that. And then let's create our bee.  And I'm going to stamp my bee. So you have the little oval for the bee's body. And then you stamp the stripes right on top. So I'm going to use Crush Curry. And I'm just going to stamp this off once. And when using this punch, you can see the bee is kind of at the bottom. So I'm just going to line that up right in the bottom. Area on the left hand side of my paper. Just like that. And then we'll stamp the stripes in black. And it's photopolymer. So it lines up so nicely. Like that. And then I'm going to punch this out. And then I'm going to stamp my other two images on this side. Okay. So I'm going to stamp in Petal Pink. I'm going to stamp my wings. And my wings, I like to stamp multiple times. You can just do the once, but I kind of like the look of them being kind of fluttery. So stamp it a couple of times. And then when you punch it out, it kind of gives it a little bit of movement to your wings. Just like that. And then we're going to stamp our antenna in black. One more time. That's better. And then we'll just slide that right in there. Punch that out. And I forgot to stamp my little face for my bee. The fun thing about this set is there's a few different faces you can choose for your bee. So you can give it whatever personality you want. Okay. Let's put this together. Some glue dots. Here's my antenna. That. And then we'll put our bee on. We'll pop them up. Dimensionals. And we've got to add our saying, which I'm going to use the bee mine. This cute little saying. That on. A cute flower from our series. Let's see. One of these cute little white flowers. Oh cute bee mine. You can make cute little valentines for your kids or for your kids' class at school. Grandkids. I've had so much fun playing with this bee mine suite of products and these square pillow boxes are just so much fun and way easy to work with. And you can always use that Deckled Circles die to add a little bit of character with the designer series paper. So much fun. If you have any questions or for more valentines ideas, make sure you check our Instagram account at Stamping Jill or visit us on Facebook. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you next time for another Watch It Weekly Wednesday.


Interest of time, let's get going. So my name is Kevin O'Donnell, the CTO and co-founder of BTP. We're here today to show you, talk a smidge about our company, just to introduce ourselves and then to talk about what we're doing with Sawtooth and doing for our customers as well. The, so a few slides to start with, nothing that tedious, but first who are we? A few years ago, we founded BTP. The main goal of BTP is to actually bring to commercial practicality, the technologies of distributed ledgers, smart contracts, and information security. To business, not just to provide it and sort of develop and go there, but make it practically usable in an everyday context. Very early on, we chose Sawtooth as one of the principal platforms that we do. Reason for that is actually a few different reasons, but one of them actually had to do with the decent architecture of Sawtooth as it goes through, and then it enabled some of our key focuses, which is that we can bring up multiple collaborative parties, really organizations, and that we could actually build upon that and extend the tools to create better functionality for application developers, which is one of our things. To that end, we sort of put together several different sort of combinations of our products. One of the principal ones is section for blockchain. The interesting thing about that is that that's built on, that includes, I should say, control distributions of hyperledger Sawtooth and hyperledger Bezos built on top of Kubernetes, and with our sort of real core value in a lot of ways is the management and distribution platform of the blockchain, so you can extend out. Notice the dotted line, the applications, that's where the customers come in. You build your own business on top of it, we're really a middleware company. So let's get the head. First thing I really wanna show actually is just kinda how everything works in practice. For that, we're going to go and log into Sexton. Sexton is itself a UI platform, it's not a managed service. You install this software on your own site because distribution is the key. Sure, I've got my right password. One moment. While I deal with demo gods, and give my password to something I know, I've got backwards. So, let me make sure I've got you guys sharing the right things. Good to do, hook in. Oh dear, can I, there we go. Make sure I share the other window. There we go. This is Sexton logged in. Sexton managed multiple Kubernetes clusters for the purpose of delivering Sawtooth and Bezu blockchains. This demo we're primarily concerned with Sawtooth and the first iteration is just a straight, Sawtooth, oops, wrong cluster, sorry. I wanna go into deployments. In the first iteration, we're just doing a plain Sawtooth distribution. Actually, I'll step back one. We provide a number of things and variations on things. This is a vanilla Sawtooth, which we're just gonna go and fire and deploy it. There's some easy to use forms to fill out there. There's also a way for us to actually extensively customize things by adding some custom YAML if everything draws outside of the lines of what we normally do. We deploy that. What this is doing is going out and contacting the Kubernetes cluster. Deploying some Helm charts and installing it. So now we've got a Sawtooth that we're coming up and running the, including the REST API and everything like that. One somewhat interesting thing, which I cruised by there. So if I go back and edit it, the Sawtooth works, this is all based off of Sawtooth 1.2 or our distribution of Sawtooth 1.2. So there's still external transaction processes. In this case, we're actually distributing and putting into the installation an open source transaction processor and therefore transaction family. If you're familiar with Sawtooth, that is made by Consensors, which I think is a target project. If I remember right. And so that's all distributed out and running. Nicely done. What we decided is actually that's a fairly generic solution in terms of Sawtooth. What we then do is actually use their value that we can move a little bit further up the stack and be able to provide better functionality for the users, open up blockchain functionality to a wider audience. And so one of the things we've partnered with a company called Taqian, which creates a number of things. Well, one of the big ones that we really liked out of it is what's called the TFS of the Taqian file system, which is a network distributed file system based on Sawtooth, storing its data in Sawtooth and auditable on Sawtooth. So you get what amounts to the functionality of something that looks like, in terms of functionality, a fused file system that looks like the way you would mount a NetApp filer. And so you can go through snapshots and take snapshots over time and things like that. But everything's actually in the blockchain and therefore you auditable over time. In particular, they are targeting, and we like this as well, the any sort of file data that actually needs to be audited for change and very concerned around hacking. One of the typical circumstances that they come is actually storing of logs where there have been hacking attempts where not only were the systems interfered with, but actually the logs were corrected to hide the fact that they were interfered with. So the initial logging happened with the intruders ended up actually correcting things. And in the case of if those logs are stored on TFS, you have a way to actually go back and see that the logs were actually modified and be able to get back to the original what was the case. The other reason we really like this is actually because it presents blockchain and a lot of the key benefits of blockchain, sort of auditability, immutability and time in probably one of the most common file system interfaces of all time or most ubiquitous interfaces, which is out of a file system. So in order to use and be able to get the benefits of it, you don't need to know any more than how to drag and drop a folder. So let's distribute that. And similarly, it's an example of an application this type built directly on SolTooth. It's only on SolTooth at the moment. And then provided via sextant. So it's switched to something here, it's going to share something else. To sextant, nice and easy, over here. Now, if I go back over to my deployments or actually over to my clusters and I take a look at the TFS demo cluster, which is just a Amazon EKS cluster, nothing fancy about it. I edit this as it goes. This is TFS in particular, which has a lot of, reduces some of the options that we present straight off the bat because TFS really only supports a certain set of things in terms of SolTooth configuration. We redeploy that and let that go. Let that sit for a minute. Now that's going in. One of the things you'll notice is, give it a second. Oops, this is actually also teared down this guy. Nope, not that one. This one's going down. Get my things safe. I'm gonna let that come up in a second. That's, these are, as it comes through, let's actually kick that to improve it. These are not really three different clusters. It's actually the same cluster, duplicated. So let's un-deploy this guy. Let's bring it back in. That should look much better now. One of the interesting things that we provide is actually on a given application for things that we support in Sexton. As you'll notice, we have this extra little gear icon, which will pull up. And this is actually how we go and we connect into Taki on itself, which is, this is actually a command that actually can connect you to the Taki on file system directly. This is via Docker. Normally for a host image, you just wanna pull that up directly in the operating system, rather than going through Docker. Key management, Taki on can maintain encryption on everything in there. Volume, snapshot, et cetera. And so that's a whole management level inside of Taki on. So here, this is volumes. These are caught through. I haven't created any volumes, so that's the problem there. So now, moving in, let's go to the next step. So, presentation, do, do, do, do, do. Then finally, at least for the purposes of this demo, there's more stuff involved in Sexton and BTP land. But we have a very strong partnership with a company called Digital Asset, which you may have heard. One of the things that they produce is a smart contract language called DAML. So DAML is a higher-level workflow-oriented language based on a declarative functional style syntax. Haskell, if you're similar to Haskell, if you're familiar with it. It's also very different from Haskell if you're very familiar with Haskell, but a lot of things going on there. So this is sort of in a kind of a direct replacement for if you're in the Ethereum world for a Solidity. We also actually have DAML on Bezu, but in this case, again, talking about Sawtooth. And that pulls us up more into the smart contract world. So rather than building directly on Sawtooth, you're gonna build your applications in DAML and with those tools and related issues. And so that's very generic. One of the advantages of DAML is that it works cross-platform. So you can go from onto Postgres into Sawtooth into Bezu. We, of course, like everybody to work in Sawtooth just because that gives you the higher level of immutability and long-term history of the contracts and also the bigger collaboration and not necessarily need to trust one centralized party. Let's jump back over to Sections. This time I'm gonna remember to do this. Notice that we control everything as we go through here. Finally, we have DAML in Sawtooth. Give it a second to deploy that, but again, series of things, more restricted information on DAML on Sawtooth. We only support three of the things. If you're familiar with Sawtooth, you're familiar with Poet. We don't support that on DAML. DAML requires a non-forking protocol. And so therefore, we'll just three. But other than that, there's a bunch of different options for tuning the way that DAML actually works, but you throw that out. And similarly, just like the vanilla Sawtooth, the TFS Sawtooth, and any of the other installations we have, we deploy it in exactly the same way. So one of the general things is we take the same strategy on every single thing that we deploy, so we're able to actually extend our always having to do with blockchain-related stuff and supporting tools having to do with blockchains and distributed letter, these other ones that you see that we deploy. Not all of them are actually available in our commercial product. This is our engineering one, which sort of contains everything we do. We have a series of different additions, but they're all meant to support running distributed ledgers in one form or another. The, with that, let's go over to what we're talking about in actual customers, which is a common topic. So recently, and it's just an example for us right now, is we are going to production literally as we speak right now, sort of declared to go last week and should be done by this week, is the Demex Group uses a Demelon Sawtooth deployment underneath their application that marks off their, I think it's their contracts, their actual contracts and issuances for risk products that are based on climate change. And so they mark that off and they're a smart bunch, but they use our platform, our version of Sawtooth and sex and deploying it in, basically wiping out an entire area of work they would have to do on their own, but then using and getting all the benefits of Sawtooth as they go through. Pretty interesting stuff. So that's how we do it on time. Oh, I'm too tired. So just a quick 1,000 mile overview on any of these things, I'm happy to take questions on anything more detailed if you want, but we are at the 22 mark. So hope you found, all found that interesting. Thank you. I don't quite know. Yeah. There we go. Thank you. Thank you for attending. Bye-bye.


That didn't work out What's up everybody and welcome back to the Lego expansion here at the speed champions racetrack, which is Starting to look like a drifter's best friend. So we're here today to get our first stress here in the Lego expansion We are in our Evo With one a numbered paint scheme on it. This version is the black green and white I did give away the white and blue and white and red ones So like I said, this is almost like a drifter's heaven and so we're just gonna have a little fun with this Drifting around a little bit and then go into building our first Lego house, I believe Definitely been having a lot of fun with this expansion and with this Little Lego track Here in the game I can see a lot of tandems are a lot of sweet drifting going on because While we have a track in horizon That does not have traffic or anything on it. So we can utilize the full full potentials of drift cars here in this Without having to worry about traffic or anything like that Locked into a drift zone and the grip levels feel good the bank. Ah as I say that we spin out the bank The big bank does not uh, does not drift very well You have to have a really good setup car in order to do it It's a hard cut over. I forgot this drift zone goes right You probably have to have a very specific setup just to drift the bank So I'm gonna try and get a setup to drift that bank because There'll be sweet to drift that big bank here in this uh, Lego world So the track is actually so much fun to drive and there's so many different lines You can take which makes this like I said a drifter's paradise We're gonna hit that We're gonna cut in here So if you guys are still enjoying the Lego expansion, let me know down in the comment section down below because I know I am Cut that in there we go a little hard angle there Sure, what in the fourth? So definitely need to get used to the actual lines and runs that are in this track in order to Get like the best Drift lines and everything and make it super smooth But I wanted to kind of do a little first drift here in this Lego world here on the Venetec rig With the evil positive cars, maybe try a different car here, but So many cool lines and stuff in this track So a lot of people who are saying oh we want to track in the Expansion well you got a track. Yes, there's Lego cars and stuff But there's not too many of them and the track does not really look Super Lego, I mean you can see all the Lego aspects of it the tires are actually Lego tires and stuff like that, but From just a look standpoint of a quick glance at the track. It's not really Like there's no Lego brick tracks like on on the ground on the tracks It's actually an actual circuit. So that's definitely a cool thing to have now a full circuit Here in horizon 4 Try and get that there we go. Well offshoot this way, which I've never been on yet. So oh We have a nice long sweeper that mimics the outside of the bank. Oh You know, we're gonna be hitting that hard It looks like a nice sweeper up here that we're gonna hit It's your entry for taking down the Lego bricks Just discovering some roads out here and Looks like there's a lot of nice Sweeping roads that there's gonna be so many tandems with so definitely excited with this expansion and having a blast Just exploring this. Oh your zone. Let's do it Probably not the best car choice for this. Oh We're going into the Lego fields now That tree did not give So the big trees don't give This definitely was not the right car choice for doing this drift zone but I Didn't know this was drift zone. I will just take what little points I got with that one But we didn't get some more Lego bricks, which is definitely a good thing. There's not just on up here Drift zones everywhere right now. I don't think we actually entered this drift zone though. This one's a little bit better For this car actually Just right outside the grass Well, you break to extend that out a little bit. Oh I did clock that drift zone New personal best so drift zones are everywhere in this game and the roads are fantastic and the track in there Is just amazing, which I think we should probably head back to So we should probably head to our whoops wrong button Head to our Lego building house, which is right down the street Oh, so we can just flip it around and go right back to the house So apparently we get to build a Lego house. So we are gonna go take a look at that Right now so we just rip past me in the Lego mini So like I said, I'm having a lot of fun. I hope you guys are enjoying these Wheel videos on the Lego expansion because I know I'm enjoying playing this game and we're playing a lot more We're gonna hit a mini There's a lot of minis here. All right, so let's go to the house and see What we're looking at doing for today It's a beauty spot. Oh I thought it was actually my oh Lego festival That looks Because you were all about that Lego man And you got our controller ready because if we're building that starting to build a house I'm gonna definitely want to use a controller So we need to go to my house Which is Just a little bit past where we were Build All right, let's see what we can do We're looking to maybe build a super big garage. Hopefully I'm gonna give us a house. I mean take a little house to start Well then Can we actually build on the house is my question or is it just gonna get bigger and bigger and bigger? How amazing is this place now? I was doing some work for Lego and I found instructions for a full-scale Lego Ferrari F40 You want to be a speed champion? Get me some bricks these new brick challenges should help How do I get the how do I get the Ferrari I want current progression collect another 200 bricks I mean, okay, I Feel like that's uh Not hard to do where we at Falcon loop circuit. We're gonna go to that one. We're gonna pin that so so we did add a big turbo To our Lego mini And we're just gonna go do this event with our Lego mini since we are in the Lego expansion. I'm loving the first person view of this car looks so cool, so We have a three mile drive And I think we're just going to Rip there as fast as we can There's a jump. I didn't even see that But we nailed it we did nail the jump easily that was an unexpected jump, but uh Looked pretty cool 77 still can't get over fact this car has eight years You must put a couple extra Lego splines in there to give us that extra gearing We are running the sequential shifter for this car because of the fact of the eight years So the ability that I can just switch my shifter on a fly is Definitely a help because I'm a G9 20 and only six gears So luckily with this one we have so punch them out. I should have taken that jump, too But we were racing the bank track.  We're gonna do solo events We're gonna go in our rally monsters just so we can use the Lego mini trying to do as much of this Campaign in this game with the Lego cars looking to get that for our F40 which I actually got the F40 Lego set that I still gotta put together haven't put together yet I did I did also get the the Senna that I did put together yesterday So now I got to do that The Ferrari which is my next build that I'm gonna be doing So Falcon loop Let's just go Lego mini Falcon loop rally cars Oops clutch much helps So it looks like we are just gonna be running the bank track So we got to try and stay smooth on our steering It's being on a wheel helps because we're not super twitchy on our steering But I think our gearings gonna be a little off So we got to use the draft to try and catch these guys which we are slowly catching them So we should be okay We are topping out there those guys are breaking excuse me. I Didn't want to hit you guys you guys slow down a lot.  Don't spend. Oh god Could you imagine wrecking a Lego car at? 150 miles an hour the thing would shatter the pieces That will be off the gas there a little bit because it's a shorter turn Cut on the inside. Oh gosh. Come on man. Oh that guy came into me. Please don't you all saw that? So make sure you guys follow me on Instagram and Twitter all of which are found in the script box below I'm gonna keep bringing you guys some play-by-play here on the Lego expansion because I did miss out on some of You know the playthroughs of the other games I kind of started it and kind of last off feel like I'm gonna try to do a full playthrough here on this with Some of the fat cut out for you guys because I will play some of the game to get to the main aspects of this game as well Other than every single race Unless you guys want to see every single race. Let me know down in the comments We're gonna take the win here in our in our mini Steering wheel spinning. I was gonna get the mini Lego set as well But didn't feel like buying that hole the whole big one Because it only comes in a giant kit. So It was excited to get the Senate in the Ferrari So we're gonna take the win and get some bricks here So make sure you guys follow me on Instagram and Twitter all the time description box below and as always I like thank you guys for watching I hope you enjoyed this video. I will see you guys on the next one


It was nice to see new edition, new faces on that list. The list was crisp, so it was difficult to decide with the top 50. It was a really, really tough one. But I think we had a very, very interesting session, and I think we did a fairly good job.


Hello, so today I wanted to talk to you about marketing. I got asked a question by By let the language come let the language come ask me. Do you have any video where you talk about marketing translation? And so I wanted to address that here because marketing translation is its own little beast and in fact to me it's one of the most difficult types of translations probably after Literary translation and poetry poetry translation is almost impossible, but like literary translation like that marketing translation can be very difficult So let's get into it marketing translation. What is it? Marketing translation is basically the translation of and you know advertisements commercials anything having to do with localization Anytime you're trying to basically sell products in a different country and you're translating whatever the text is that's marketing Translation, I mean it can also just be websites of companies and pamphlets brochures stuff like that Anything along those lines usually has to do with marketing. In fact, most websites Marketing is the main skill they want when they want their websites translated because that's what websites are there for This can be an issue for many many different reasons with localization especially with localization That's why you see very often when people need marketing translations They specify that they want localization and they need someone who specializes in localization Why is this? Well, there are a couple reasons first of all now You guys might have heard some of these horror stories or stories from the news They hear about various commercials that didn't translate at all well a famous one for English is there's a Swedish company called Electrolux and They make a vacuum cleaner and so they had a slogan that said nothing sucks like Electrolux That's great because it rhymes and they thought they were golden to have something a vacuum cleaner advert That says nothing sucks like Electrolux for the States But of course it doesn't work and you have a lot of these that are lost in translation a couple of the other famous ones are Parker pens They had they had a slogan which wait I have it written here which was already bad It was it was it won't leak in your pocket and embarrass you I mean, I don't know that to me is a bad slogan in any language But when they tried to have the same slogan in Spain they Used embarassado, which means it sounds like embarrassed, but it means to be pregnant and So the slogan was these pens won't leak in your pocket and impregnate you Another one that was famous was power gen power gen is a company and it's an Italian company Or it's at least they have an Italian base and so the website for that was power gen Italia And but when you put it all together it says power gen Italia and so that can be an issue as well Then there are other Examples that you hear I mean I could go on and on and you know because they're fun And you hear about them in the news because another one that's famous is Vicks Many of you might know the company Vicks and when they went to Germany, however, they forgot that Vicks The V is pronounced F like an F and so it sounds a lot like a bad word in German And and yeah, anyway, I won't bore you with all the other ones But there are many examples of these mistranslations and these are the famous ones These are the ones I have to do with brand names and with slogans However, just with the marketing text there are a lot of issues that can happen and you really need to pay attention when you're marketing When you're dealing with marketing text and translations the main thing you have to deal with are Idioms these are metaphors similes innuendos Stuff like that because these are very hard to translate. So whenever I deal with marketing translation It's it's something that I always have to pay attention to basically I go over the text with a fine-tooth comb Because a badly translated expression within the text is really gonna stick out like a sore thumb and to make matters worse What you might try to do is try to just explain what the expression says in detail But then you'll never get to the point It sounds like you're beating around the bush and you'll just make it so complicated that whoever's reading it can't wrap their head around it And they'll just lose interest. I Don't know if you saw what I did just there. So in these past two sentences. I used wait one two three four five different Idioms I said go over with a fine-tooth comb will stick out like a sore thumb to make matters worse which is also an idiom and Beating around the bush and then wrap their head around it all of these are things that can't really be translated into most like pretty much any language literally and you need to find an equivalent expression and That's where a lot of marketing translation can trip up because It's hard to find these same expressions and you need to Understand first of all what it means and you need to find an equivalent expression That means the same thing and can be used in the same context Can't wrap their head around it if you if your native tongue is not English first of all You might have an issue understanding it like they can't wrap their head around it second of all Even if you understand it, then if you have to translate into another and to your native tongue, which is not English What is the equivalent you need to find the the equivalent of that now? I'm sure there is an equivalent But it's not necessarily all that obvious and you can't literally just said they can't wrap their head around it because literally that doesn't mean anything To wrap your head around something doesn't make sense. So These can be very These can be big issues another issue that you come up with marketing translation is geographical issues You know, these are obvious like in the States if you talk about the Wild West it means something if you talk about the South It means something and everyone in the States understands this But if you transpose it to a different country, it's very different and you you see this all the time in Italy There's a big north-south divide that a lot of people understand also There's certain issues people understand geographically such as if someone has a certain accent. They're from a certain place Which might be very hard to translate also, you know Like in Italy if someone has a mandolin and pizza there it has something to do with Naples those are stereotypical things of Naples, but it's very hard to transpose that to different countries and So a lot of these geographical issues can come into play as well Then last but not least is the overall tone if you have a commercial that says bye from us now We have great we have done that and that and that and that so you want to Be able to convey that tone in different languages and so you need to use the right expressions but keep in mind and A commercial like that is very like you see it a lot in places like the States But in other places you might not want to use that type of language because it sounds too brazen or too in your face And they use different types of commercials in different places. And so this can very much be an issue as well Once again for Italy, you know, I know Italian and English best, but in Italy they have It's very Imagistic and you see this all the time you hear with songs and when people speak and all that you try to create imagery with everything you do and so you see a lot more of Stuff being conveyed through this imagery rather than just your words or shouting at you be like bye now If you buy now you got that And not to say you don't hear that you do but it's usually done very differently So it's very hard sometimes to translate all of these and to convey the right Meaning the right expression the right tone and to be sure that it translates correctly and conveys the correct message So that's why when you are dealing with marketing It can be very tricky. So usually when I deal with marketing translations the few that I do deal with is What I do is I have to review the translation twice extra So usually any translation I do like I've mentioned before I go through the translation Then I look at it again with new eyes, you know in more of the target language and that mentality so I can Make sure it flows. However with marketing Translations I need to look over it another time just searching for idioms and expressions and these metaphors and similes and stuff like that Make sure that I didn't translate something literally like to make matters worse Might sound just like something people say. Oh, yeah, and to make matters worse But if you literally translate it into most languages, it really doesn't work and so you need to find the equivalent So, yeah, this can be an issue as so I try to go over it once again Searching just for these expressions and make sure I translated them correctly Then I do it once again just looking at the tone making sure that the right tone is conveyed and then it works in that language and this is Yeah, you know it can be complicated and Some people are really good at this and some people it just kind of clicks and they understand right away What's being tried to convey it and how to convey it in the next language? And if you are one of those people then by all means get into marketing get into localization because people who are good at it are Very rare and if you are good at it You will be able to do very well in translation Because you'll be in high demand once word starts getting out and once you do some good translations of this Then it can be very good Remember you work for the client and so many times you're gonna have to explain it if you changed a certain Expression or if you changed a certain tone or something like that But if you know what you're doing and if you're good at it, you know You can explain it and they'll be happy with it another brief story before I finish there was So this is probably the first time I came across this and when I realized the skill that's needed to do stuff like this when I was young the movie look who's talking came out with John Travolta and Kirstie Ali and The way it works in Italy is it gets dubbed so it doesn't come out until like a year later a six months later or something like that depending on the movie and So this movie had come out in the States, but not yet in Italy, but they were talking about in the local paper and The movie called look who's talking someone said oh, there's a new movie They're saying in Italian obviously and they say and they're saying and it's called guard a key parla And I remember my mother was reading and she's like that, you know, what garbage or what you know What do they do? I'm like why she's like guard a key parla. That's not how you say it in Italian It's sent a key parla. I was like, oh, yeah, that doesn't work when you say it in Italian Look who's talking literally and I think it's the first time that it clicked for me In fact, then when the movie came out it was called sent a key parla But just this article that mentioned the movie before it came out called it incorrectly and which made me notice it anyway So I hope this helps you if you are interested in marketing translations Then you do need to keep stuff like this in mind and but it can be very lucrative So and it can be very attractive and can be fun too because you're coming up with new advertisements In your new target language and so and new ways of selling things new ways of advertising things But so it can you can have a bit of fun with it as well So really depends on your attitude and and yeah, if you think it's for you So I hope you find this useful and if you are interested in marketing translations please do let me know and let me know how you would go about it or what you think about it and That's about it. I'll see you in the next video. Thanks. Bye


Welcome to the Heritage Exchange video series hosted by WikiTrees US Black Heritage Project. Video number one, an introduction to the Heritage Exchange Program. In this video, you will learn the answer to this question, what is the Heritage Exchange Program? The US Black Heritage Project's Heritage Exchange Program is a sharing of information between the descendants of slave owners and the descendants of people who were enslaved. Because slaves were not documented by name on any national documents until the 1870 census, we must look at documents of slave owners such as wills, bills of sale, deeds, mortgages, estate valuations, and even diaries. By using this information, we can create profiles for the enslaved ancestors and connect them to their descendants. Heritage Exchange uses the fan principle, friends, associates, and neighbors, that by working with groups of people who are in close proximity to each other, we can more easily build their family trees. We identify clusters of enslaved people, find additional documents for each cluster, and then connect the entire cluster to their family trees. Heritage Exchange uses its own special system of linked family profiles, categories, space pages, and naming conventions on wiki tree to make the work easier and help descendants find their enslaved ancestors. Let's look at an example. If I start on the profile for slave owner John Randolph and go to the Slave section, you will see two space pages linked, one for the Roanoke Plantation and one to a general page for other enslaved ancestors. If I scroll down to the category section, I will also find categories for the plantation and slave owners in Charlotte County, Virginia. Those categories will lead to others who are in contact with the plantation and other slave owners in the same county. Let's go to the plantation page. At the top is a link back to John Randolph's profile. If I scroll down to the categories, you can see there's a very long list of enslaved ancestors on this page, which is why the unique feature of free space pages is very helpful for this work. Here, there are the same categories for the plantation as well as slave owners in Charlotte County, Virginia. In addition, there is a category for slaves in this county because they are also listed on this page. Going back up, you can see that many profiles have links and there are many that still do not have profiles yet created. I'm going to click on a profile, I'm going to choose Frank Brown. You will find again there's a link to John Randolph's profile. And when I go down to the categories, the same category for the Roanoke Plantation is on his profile as well as the category for the Charlotte County, Virginia slaves. These two categories are very helpful because it's very possible that Frank could be related to others who were on the Roanoke Plantation as well as others who were enslaved in this county. Scrolling back up and looking at Frank's profile itself, you can see that we have all of the known family to Frank, his wife and children are attached to this profile. As you can see, we have linked and grouped everyone together in as many ways as possible to make finding them easier. It is also common for people in slavery communities to be related, so grouping them in these ways can lead to additional family members in a tree. Our ultimate goal in heritage exchange is to connect every American enslaved ancestor with black heritage to their descendants. Here are ways you can help us with this goal. First, add any documentation regarding slavery to the wiki tree profiles of the people they belong to. Second, learn the heritage exchange system to help us connect clusters of enslaved ancestors together as you come across them in documents. See the Heritage Exchange Portal for links to the help pages that can help you with this. More videos will also be available by January 2023. Third, join the U.S. Black Heritage Project and work with the Heritage Exchange team. If you would like to join the project, go to our project homepage, click on the link to the G2G post and tell us you would like to join and what you are most interested in. Our new members coordinator will send you a message on what to do next. In summary, Heritage Exchange is a systematic way of sharing information between the descendants of slave owners and the descendants of people who are enslaved with a goal of connecting them to their enslaved ancestors. According to population estimates by researcher J. David Hacker, there were more than 10 million people enslaved in the history of the United States of America. It will take all of us doing our part to identify, document, connect, and honor them all.