Yet, intra-regional trade accounts for less than 5% of their overall trade. And a recent World Bank study shows that if you actually looked at the economic complementarities and the geographical proximity of the South Asian countries, they should be trading three times more than what is the case. And South Asian countries are trading more with outside of South Asia compared to with its own neighbors. And in fact, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka have 2.9 times more restrictions on trade on its South Asian partners compared with the rest of the world. So these are just some of the numbers that show you that even though you have a SAFTA, is it called, South Asia Free Trade Area, where there has been a program of tariff reduction, barriers still exist, including physical barriers of connectivity. And also digital connectivity, I think, would be another important area for us to look at given the potential for digital economy and how developing countries, small developing countries, isolated countries can actually leapfrog if they were digitally connected. So these are some of the main themes that we want to address in this session. We have four very excellent speakers representing different parts of the region as well as somebody from the private sector. The first panelist is His Excellency Abdullah Abdullah, Chief Executive of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, who was also the CEO in 2014 and 2018, and he has had a long career in government, including being the Minister of Foreign Affairs. The second panelist is His Excellency KP Sharma Ali, Prime Minister of Nepal. Second term as the Prime Minister of Nepal, position he has held since 2015, and he has had an instrumental role in fighting for Nepal's constitution as a democratic country, and I think has been very instrumental in laying out the ground for the economic transformation of his country. Third panelist is Sikva Breke, President and CEO of Teleno Group Norway, which is a telecommunications company dealing with mobile, broadband and TV services with a strong footprint everywhere in the world, I think, but also in South Asia as well as Southeast Asia. Finally, last but not least, Professor Raghu Rajan, Katherine Dusak Miller, Distinguished Service Professor of Finance, University of Chicago Booth School of Business USA, who has had a distinguished career in academia, is an expert in the financial sector, has served in the IMF and most recently in the Indian government as Chief Economic Advisor as well as the Central Bank Governor to the Reserve Bank of India. So we have an excellent panel of speakers and I'm going to start by asking His Excellency Abdullah Abdullah from Afghanistan. If you could share with us what are the challenges of economic development in Afghanistan and how you see the prospect for regional cooperation as playing a role in your country's development and what would be the challenges that you see in furthering economic integration in South Asia. Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim, in spite of the security challenges that we are faced with in terms of connectivity and also utilizing the potential of Afghanistan, South Asia or Central Asia, Asian country. Some work has been done. A lot of work, I can say, if we look at the Afghanistan's participation in the regional organization, part of SAARC, different agreements, SAFTA, APTA, which is with Pakistan, ECO, CARIC, which is again Central Asian Afghanistan initiative and regional economic cooperation organization called RECA, which was an initiative by Afghanistan in the earlier days. Today we have the Chabahar connectivity after quite a while, but there is a slight challenge because of the sanctions, but still that is a viable project which will improve the economies of Afghanistan, South Asia and Central Asia. As yourself rightly mentioned, the least integrated region perhaps in the world economically in terms of trade in export and import is the South Asia, while arguably at one time it claimed like 25 percent of GDP of the world today trade between some of the countries of the region or if they want to trade with Brazil, South American countries or Africa, it's much easier than doing it within themselves. You give the figures about it while the potentials are multiplied by many folds if it is utilized. Of course, the national security perceptions and policies and conflict, of course, unfortunately, this is not the only area where there has been some tensions over conflict. Other countries, East Asia, Pacific has seen this in the past and they have overcome it. So that's the picture at the moment, but Afghanistan through some projects, regional projects like TAPI which is Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan in India, GOS gas transmission project, TAP which is between Afghanistan and Pakistan, but it's mainly electricity, KAZA-1000 which is Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan, digital KAZA which is mainly the digital aspect of it, the fiber optic connectivity, Afghanistan has a unique position. At the same time, when it comes to our direct trade with some of the countries, there are barriers, for example, WAGA, which could be the best in shortest land connectivity for us between Afghanistan and India, in vice versa, is not being utilized. In the same way, of course, it's like tit for tat, the access to Central Asia to Tajikistan, we also have a position that if you're not allowing us to utilize this, how can we? So these are the sorts of things on top of that, tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers which emerge and create uncertainty and the list of sensitive goods, like 30% of the items which could be traded between some of the countries of the South Asia, it makes 33% of all goods, not to reducing it, or lack of resolve or determination, political will to implement the agreements which exist and move forward and take forward the initiatives. These are like the overall implications, these have overall implications on our situation and utilizing the potential of Afghanistan. Okay, thank you very much. We'll come back for another round of questions, but I'd like to now come to Prime Minister Sharma and ask you the same question. How do you see the developments in Nepal? You're laying out some structural reform program, how is that developing, what are the main challenges and how do you see the role of regional cooperation in playing a role in the development of Nepal? And maybe you can also reflect on, you know, it's not just the economic issues obviously, but there's also the security challenges and the conflicts or tensions between countries that are preventing more progressive development of SARC or SAFTA, and given that Nepal is the chairman of SARC this year, you might want to reflect on what you plan to do ahead. Thank you, Madam Pankistu. Nepal has just entered into a new phase, a new state. Nepal is developing and changing very fast, politically and economically. It is developing its friendly ties with its neighbors also, and the regional organizations and all aspects are developing fastly and changing very fastly. Nepal promulgated a new constitution, democratic constitution, and established a federal democratic republican system. And according to the constitution, we had to make some laws and now we completed about the structural changes according to the constitution, to implement the constitution accurately. And now we are focusing our entire endeavors and efforts to the economic development for good governance and economic development. Our motto is prosperous Nepal, happy Nepali, and to naturalize that national desire. We are concentrating ourselves and we are introducing new policies and bringing reforms in all, each and every field of economic experts as well, and social, and we are introducing social justice, improving all sectors of our society, and justice and equality, empowerment of women, and bringing the backward sections of society in the front lines. With these efforts, now we have entered into a new situation where we are optimistic and we are doing our best to expand our role and increase our role in the regional and international affairs also. And on the question of regional cooperation and regional development, South Asia, as you mentioned that Asia is a region of learned people with great civilization. And we have genetic memories of our learned ancestors and we have very excellent diversity from the top of the world, Mount Everest to the Bay of Bangalore and Indian Ocean. And this diversity, within this diversity we have very fertile land and young population, mostly. And that demographic dividend being based on these factors we can develop. And now we have to think about to develop our regional cooperation, regional trade. And for that we have to create such a situation where equality, justice, and win-win situation for all so that we can develop. And no one, no nation, no people will remain back. We are trying to invite investment and use technology and technology transfer and use of technology and develop connectivity between the countries. As well as we are trying to develop our trade and relationship with other Asian countries also. Like we are just a few months before last year we organized fourth summit of BIMStake in Kathmandu and we handed over the GMNC of BIMStake to Sri Lanka. And that means we are connected not only with SAAARC but we are connected with Thailand and Myanmar like countries from where we can connect our trade and other connectivities. And for this we have open up ways and rules and land links and wider ways we are going to open up from India also. And in this way we can develop our regional cooperation and trade. Thank you. Thank you very much. So it's not just about South Asia but also the possibility of South Asia with East Asia. That's I think a very good point. SIGFA I think perhaps you can reflect from the private sector perspective especially given that you are in the telecommunications area. As Prime Minister already mentioned technology is an issue. When you talk about connectivity, digital connectivity is an issue and I think increasingly inclusiveness through technology has become a potential path for development and allowing small countries, more isolated countries to actually leapfrog. And if maybe you can reflect on your experience in South Asia what are the challenges and opportunities. And maybe compare with Southeast Asia because I think this is happening in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is one country which has been able to leapfrog because of digital technology. A lot of questions, try to be concrete. Well we are operating in South Asia, we are in Pakistan, we are in Bangladesh used to be in India until a year ago and had to give up there. Now we have around 110 million plus customers in South Asia and then we are also in Southeast Asia in Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia with another 50 million customers. So I will try to compare a little bit with what I see in South Asia versus Southeast Asia. I think I want to summarize your question in three main points. The first one is digitalization, the second one is harmonization and the third one is predictability. On the digitalization, I think that you shouldn't focus only on physical trade but also digital trade and you should focus on how you could leapfrog development with digital tools. For example in Myanmar as you said we entered Myanmar four years ago, there was a connectivity penetration of less than 10 percent four years after, there is everyone that should have a mobile phone, although they have it, very digital savvy, they are all using internet. We have launched financial services, digital services, we have launched agricultural services and used the digital platform to leapfrog development basically, taking services that are only for the few in the cities out of villages through digital platforms. We do that in Pakistan as well with running a bank, a microfinance bank but also payment solutions. In Bangladesh we do medical solutions also on digital platforms, having four or five million customers using medical insurance and paying for it and also connecting them to the hospitals and to the schools. So if you get right the digital platform, you can use that to really make different types of services, inclusive with the entire population but also in the inter-trade, allowing money transfer, also remittance, but also taking a position in the digital space. To do that, you also have to allow data transfer, which is a major obstacle in most of these countries. You have to be able to do data flows across countries. So that's the first one. The second one is harmonisation. What I see in Southeast Asia is more harmonised taxation, more harmonised regulations, more harmonised frameworks. And if you want to take away some of the barriers that we currently have and if you want to welcome foreign investors like ourselves, the more harmonisation regionally, the better. And the third one is predictability. And it's predictability in terms of investments frameworks for investment protection, allowing foreign investors to have majority stakes in the growth sectors. But it's also predictability in terms of regulations and in terms of some of the macroeconomic factors that you are dependent on. I see that in Southeast Asia, and I see it in East Asia. So I think these are some of the areas that we have seen in comparing those two regions with each other. Thank you. I think those were kind of concrete suggestions for how to have more integration digitally on harmonisation and predictability. And I think your point, Prime Minister, about the demographic dividend. And I think Afghanistan also has a, I think India also, all of the South Asian countries have a large demographic dividend, which makes it very potential for the digital economy to be a potential. Last but not least, Professor Rajan, maybe you can reflect on the developments in India. India is obviously more developed than some of the other South Asian countries. And on the security issue, obviously, India and Pakistan issue has always been one of the biggest issues when we talk about the potential for South Asia economic integration and cooperation. I don't know whether you want to reflect on that, as well as reflect on where India is in its development and how does it see regional cooperation, including that India is already negotiating with East Asia in the RCEP negotiations in the context of we are facing greater uncertainty in the trading environment. So it's actually the time is right now for us to cooperate more with our neighbours in the region. Right. No, it's a good set of questions. Of course, India shares with its neighbours a variety of both strengths and challenges. I think the youth of our population is certainly a potential strength. It can turn into a problem if we don't create enough jobs. And like our neighbours, that's an issue we struggle with. How do we create enough jobs for all the youth that are coming into the labour force?  It pales in comparison to only China. Therefore, a lot of people sort of don't pay attention to the fact that this is actually quite extraordinary growth and we've done well. At the same time, we need to do far more because, again, the young population demands performance. And like our neighbours, we have issues with how do we make it easier to do business, your point about harmonisation, predictability and so on. Of those, I think predictability is probably more easy to achieve if we put our minds to it. Harmonisation, I think we're seeing in the European Union, some of the problems with too much harmonisation, a push back against an argument that this is anti-democratic and maybe those issues would come up in the region again. But we can do a lot better in creating a better business environment in allowing for inter-regional production and so on. The question is, how do we start from where we are? And, you know, for those who give up too easily, let's remember that Germany and France were at each other's throat every 20 years. But after the end of World War II, they started with very strong cooperation in steel and coal, which were the areas where they went to war. The rule of the Alsace, this was where they went to war because one side had coal, the other side had steel and combining the two in the coal and steel pact was very important in creating the trust that then led to the European common market and then the European Union. And I wonder, in this chicken and egg problem in the region of how do we build trust, what comes first, trust or connectivity and trade, my guess is in these chicken and egg problems, you've got to start somewhere. And can we start by building trust in a few areas? I think we've already heard from Mr. Abdullah about shared infrastructure, maybe in the power sector, power being produced in one country, sold in another country. That's the way we build trust. We certainly, of course, have already water, which is shared between India and Pakistan, but could we start doing more of these things, increase dependence in small steps so that there is greater trust amongst the two, amongst the various countries. Build out infrastructure. I mean, you can't have connectivity without having infrastructure, which is far better than what we have today. So we need more roads connecting the countries, bridges connecting the countries. A lot of the trade, as you noted earlier, is through ports, when in fact, we have direct borders. Why can't we build more connectivity in railroads and roads? And also be able to traverse each other's country to sell Afghanistan selling in Bangladesh or Nepal using Indian infrastructure. Can we achieve mechanisms by which containers can be taken without being opened along the way? Those are important ways we can use the region. I think part of, we are seeing some attempts at mutual help, which will help increase confidence. For example, when Sri Lanka got into a little bit of financial difficulty, we did a swap arrangement with Sri Lanka, helping them with swap lines. Similarly, we have swap lines with Bhutan, but whether we could have more regional swap lines, which allow for at least a beginning in terms of financial cooperation. Of course, we all have our own natural calamities, earthquakes, and so on. Can we develop regional response forces so that that could be another way of increasing mutual benefit? The longer run, of course, we want cross-border supply chains. For that, we need really low tariffs so that we can send goods back and forth across borders. The issue of policy certainty also comes here. You don't want to set up a cross-border supply chain if you're not sure what policy will be tomorrow in that country. So tariffs have to be low and stay low.  I think we have one very big fear and two critical relationships, which are central to creating more regional integration. The big fear in the region is being swamped by Indian industry, Indian services, and so on. If we do reduce tariffs, if we do open borders, will India dominate? And I think increasingly, as countries are developing their own industry, Bangladesh's textiles now is very, very comparative and will give India a run for its money. So my sense is, as countries develop a little more, some of these fears will get asswaged. But we need to work on this and make sure it is a process by which both countries benefit. And there are ways we can enhance economic activity across, for example, more tourism in Nepal from India easing that process. And vice versa, tourists from Nepal coming into India, ways of escalating the relationship without the fears of trade swamping. And then the two relationships that we need to work on, we've already sort of talked about the missing country in this room, which is Pakistan, that we do need to develop a better understanding between, certainly between India and Pakistan, but also within the region, and embrace them more economically. And outside the region, I think the biggest relationship is China. The China-India relationship, as well as the relationship between the various regional partners in China. How does that play out? And how much does this become hostage to the China-India rivalry? That's the other issue that needs to be discussed. It is possible to have win-win, but it does need a lot of diplomatic, careful attention. Thank you. Thank you for those very useful comments, that little steps, sub-regionals, sectoral building trust. I think I'm afraid I've run out of time for you to have a second round. But I think I'll open up to the audience for questions, and then we can also have another round of questions. So may I now open the floor to the audience who would like to pose any questions to any of our panelists? Here, on there. OK. Is there a mic? Is there a mic? Perhaps the room is small enough. OK, so a lot of what is talked about just now by the panel. It's all very important, but it's all about what the government needs to do. What about business? What role business has to play? Do businesses treat each other? The other country has strategic markets or tactical markets? Do we need to develop a grant in these markets to create a book? So I feel that business also has a very important role to play to increase trade between these countries. Absolutely. That's a very good question. If there are other questions, I'd like to take two or three questions before we ask the panelists to answer. Anybody else would like to ask over here? Thank you very much, moderator. My question goes to the Rajan, Professor Rajan. In regards to India's policy towards its neighboring country, particularly when harmonizing the policies in terms of FTA. You have FTA with Sri Lanka, but the rest of the countries have not been able to sign on it. And how about the FTA, the provisions, how India responds towards it? One question. The second question in regards to you, during your presentation, you mentioned about China's role, how China and India go. That will have a tremendous impact on the region. And in your point of view, because you recently passed, you were also in the RBI and governments. How do you see the China-India policy when it comes to trade? Thank you very much. Anybody else from, like, can't see behind me, so there's anybody from? Oh, OK, one more over there. How do you think the concept of the competitive advantage of South Asia when it comes to low-cost labor will stand in the fourth industrial revolution, especially given jobs being replaced by machines, et cetera? OK, let me allow each one of you to answer. You can answer all three, or you can probably answer the business question. But I think that one question was particularly to Ragu, but the last question was, obviously, to all of you. And also the business question you can also address. So maybe I'll start with Sege. Sure. No, business has definitely a role to play. And that's why it's important for us to be looked upon in a public-private partnership. Every country in South Asia, although also in Southeast Asia, have a digital agenda, for example. They see that digitalization is a driver for economic growth. And I would like, then, the government to invite businesses to see how can we find solutions together and involve the businesses that are long-term and along that also come with regulations which are predictable, which are also giving something back to the government. For example, rather than maximizing upfront payments every time you need some new licenses or spectrum, put some obligations on the business. Put a lot of obligations, for example, for companies like ours to cover the entire population. Put service obligations, such that not only connectivity is being developed, but also services like, as I mentioned, financial inclusion, medical inclusion, agriculture inclusion, and so on and so forth. That is the way where government and businesses can develop things together. But to do that, you need credibility. You need also how do you need regulations and business in friendly protection. Then I also want to comment on the last question. The competitive advantages. I think you have at least two very, very good competitive advantages. One is the young population. It's the young population which are going to be leapfrogging the digital steps. They are going to move into as advanced digital services as they do in my country, Norway, or in other countries. And that's a big opportunity for you. And with that comes also innovation. And what I see in countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh, we operate. There's a lot of innovation on coming. New startups are being established. People coming back from the US or from Europe, because they see the opportunities actually for developing on new services on digital platforms. That innovation drive that you have, I think you should utilize and along then with the young population that you have. And if you do this right, you can leapfrog many other countries which are more established. OK. Excellency Abdullah, maybe you can also reflect on what was just mentioned, that we have a young population and also Nepal. But education may be a big change. Absolutely. We are talking about a region where 32% of poor people live here in South Asia. And then we have a young generation, young population demographically, which is an advantage. And also as the question earlier with the advancement in technology, it could turn easily. It could turn into a challenge. Oh, we are living in a completely different world today. It's not like industrial revolution or medieval eras where the changes will be, the pace of changes will be slow, predictable. We are to focus. We are to not. Certain countries have their own advantages. And then we are in this with the speed that technology is moving forward. One is to focus on the daily issues which were part of it were mentioned here. Obstacles, barriers, tariff, non-tariff barriers, sensitive goods, and so on and so forth. And a more leveled playing field for the businesses. But does any government has come up with a policy? We are to focus on education. It's extremely unpredictable and uncertain. We are to focus today. Is it only mathematics, and alphabet, and partly technology, and so on and so forth? In 10 years time, where will we be with the technology? So apart from focusing on the immediate challenges, which comes the role of the private sector in the research and development, as well as otherwise looking ahead towards the future, we need to deal with it with the foresight. This is not only related to the South Asia. This is a global phenomenon. But the teachers, which are teaching today, in 10 years time, they will be lagging behind many leaps. So where is the future of education, information, technology, and all together? These are the questions that the statesmen, as well as business leaders, need to focus. This isn't much. Thank you. Yes, Nancy? My country, Nepal, right now, or until now, is a weaker position in economic terms. But because of the political system and instability, Nepal was left behind. But now there is political stability. And policy also in each and every field policies are stable. So stable policies, clear policies, clear vision, and a stable government, we have. And we are giving importance to not only the public sector, but also the private sector and equally the cooperative sector to create job opportunities for the young people and formal education to the children and vocational and skill training to the youths and other people. Because working population is more than 60% in our country. So it's very important to create new jobs. And a huge number of our young population is outside in search of jobs, et cetera. We want to bring them back. And with skills what they learn, we have given incentives to them. And this week, we are trying to invest and attract and invite the investment from outside also in the productive sector and the sectors with great productivity and great job opportunities. And in this way, we are increasing our growth rate. And right now, I don't want to forecast that will be the fastest growing country within a few years. But that will happen, perhaps. Because we have possibilities. We have young population. We have resources. And we have developed connectivity with China also. And now we have agreements. And now those agreements are also in practice. So through the Chinese territory also we can. And through India also. And waterways also we are opening in the near future. And railway connections we are bringing from Kathmandu to India, Kathmandu to China. And other connectivity also and in the IT sectors also. And in each and every field, we are trying to create job opportunities for the youths and provide trainings for them. And when we are not only giving attention and interest to the development process, but when we are talking about development or we are doing our endeavors, we are concentrating in economic development, and we are equally aware with the environmental questions also. We are contributing a lot on the question of environment because we have mountains. And 45% forest we have. And 15% of land is covered with snow. And those snows, those ice, those mountains have very significant meaning in the climate change, question of climate change, and everything. Because the air, which comes, if from Rajasthan, hot air comes, then near when it comes to near of all mountains it goes to cool. Because mountains are always minus 50 degrees Celsius or like this. And the mountains shoulder a lot meters and meters thick ice and reach us gradually to the rocks and the streams, the rivers. And the famous Ganga river, its entire water, 40% in the rainy season, and 72% of the dry season is our contribution, the policy contributing and that our reverse contribution is there. So we are contributing. And we are conscious about 60% you can understand. 60% of our land, 45% for forest and 15% for ice. 60% of our land is contributing for the climate change. And to maintain the climate, protecting from warming, recharging and protecting from being desertification. In this way, we are aware of the development efforts, development issues, trade issues, and other issues, comprehensively. And we are concentrating all our efforts with concentration on the interest of the people, improvement of the lives of the people. So people concentrate it for the earth and for the people. So our development is balance, conscious, responsible towards the earth, towards the people, and for the future generation as well. Thank you, Prime Minister. I think the emphasis on sustainable development should never be forgotten. Professor Ajahn, there was a question specifically to you and if you want to comment on the force in this. A couple of other issues on business. I mean, apart from business, the social sector could be another way, a non-government way. For example, there are excellent technological institutions around the region. And could we have more sharing of students across borders? The IITs, for example, are a first rate set of institutions. We already take a number of people from different countries. And could there be more sort of opening? So people movement. People movement, understanding also. The youth going into a different country at an early age, they see what it's like. And there's more of an understanding that is built up. On the China-India issue, I think the reality is that I'll wear my academic hat, not wear my Indian hat, that historically, India has seen the region as part of its bailiwick. And of course, China has grown today much bigger than India and is posing an alternative to India. And that, of course, certainly creates tensions in some quarters in India. But also, in those countries, they're saying, why not we have a big alternative to India, which is willing to put money, which is willing to invest in infrastructure? Why not take advantage of that? My sense is it does raise some issues which have to be managed over time. I think it's good to have competition in general. But I think in the longer run, two things will happen. First, India will become relatively bigger than it is now relative to China. China will slow. India will grow. And the competition between the two, four countries in the region, will become more even. India will be more capable of putting resources to work, including infrastructure, which China now promises. Second, I think China itself will have to figure out its relationship with countries and how to make sure that doesn't end in some kind of a client relationship as opposed to a relationship of equals. We've already seen some pushback in certain elements of Pakistan against what is happening in the Pakistan-China relationship, similarly in Sri Lanka. But I think China is also learning in this process how to manage the relationships with countries so that those countries don't become a dependency. They actually are equal. I think all this over time will be good for the region. There will be much stronger sort of relationships, both with India and China. But the region itself will benefit, and we should emphasize that. Lastly, fourth industrial revolution. I mean, it's very easy to imagine artificial intelligence all over the place. None of us have jobs and so on. I think it'll take time. And in that time, we have time to respond. My sense is we're still not doing enough on manufacturing within our countries and in regional manufacturing. I mean, heavy stuff, it's hard to trade long distances. So there's a lot of scope for trading commodities, for trading steel, copper within the region. And so we can go a long way. I think there is an opportunity of trading services within creating sort of regional companies, even which understand the pattern, for example, of local borrowing. How do people in South Asia borrow? And using that kind of information do a better job than the existing banks. For that, we have to allow people to realize the economies of scale within the region. And that means focusing on giving the ability for cross-border FDI and so on. There is a lot of work to do, but there's a lot of opportunities still. Thank you, optimistic note. In the last seven minutes left, I'm just gonna pose one question for all of you. Whenever we talk about South Asia cooperation, we tend to get pessimistic because it's just too challenging. But I think Professor Rajan actually provided a way forward that let's take small steps, whether it's sub-regional cooperation between borders for infrastructure or the liberalization of air services between India and Afghanistan, India and Sri Lanka. These are small steps, but have had a huge impact. If each one of you can think of a quick win that's practical, that's doable, that will have an impact, what would it be? Just thinking what would be a quick win, if you like. And I think specifically to Professor Rajan, ASEAN only progressed when Indonesia, the largest country, actually decided to take a leadership role and have an open policy. So is India in a position to do that? So we'll go around again. His Excellency Abdullah. Have these small steps do matter. Sorry, we have six minutes left, so one and a half minutes each. And this region, the local trade between India and Bangladesh recently, that's an example, it has made a lot of differences. As far as, as in Pakistan is concerned, it's overcoming the issue of WAGA. And also from Pakistan's perspective, their access to Central Asia, to Tajikistan, to a lateral agreement is something that they are seeking. These will be, these will have big impacts on our situation. It's, we have tried in the past, we'll continue to do so. Hopefully on the basis of common interests, we will be able to overcome the challenge and then everybody will benefit. Central Asia and South Asia, Afghanistan included. Thank you. Sikhi? Yeah, my short advice would be financial inclusion. And no financial inclusion for the entire population. That's not going to be happening with existing banks. It will happen on digital platforms because that takes away inefficiency, it increases productivity, and it also take away the gray economy. The second one, it's increased transparency and fight corruption, and that we haven't discussed that. I think that's extremely important if you want to build the national economies to grow, but also if you want to create that this regional cooperation. Thank you. Excellent. Just the chair country of South Asia and Afghanistan, Sark, we are trying our best to develop political understanding between the member countries, Sark, South Asian countries. As well as we are trying our best to develop connectivity like activity or connectivity and electricity or other other connectivity. And we are discussing about tariffs and not tariffs things and we can bring them in favorable situation, I think. And we have to understand it and remove this understanding and develop trust and remove untrust or mistrust among the member countries and the regional countries. And we have to develop our regional trade as we do. And for us like Nepal, we cannot wait for long time. We have to develop very fastly. So everything in every aspect, every side, we are doing things very fast with China, with India, with Bangladesh and with other neighboring countries. As well, we are doing new agreements and implementing them. And internally we are making new policies to achieve our goal of faster development and to control corruption as we've answered. Control corruption and provide service to the people. In this way, our efforts are as the chairman of Sark to hold the Sark Summit in the near future and develop the all-round ties and relationship between the countries in the region. Thank you very much. Professor Rajan. Well, I just want to echo what you said, which is that India is the largest country within the region and to that extent it could play the role that you said Indonesia played, which is not so much lead the process as be willing to make a little more in terms of concessions for people who fear that their opening up will lead to a swamping by Indian industry. Can we make a little more in concession but then see the promotion of trade? There are many places where India has sort of funded the process. Just a very small example at the RBI, we hold the data for the Sark region and we manage that process. They feed the data to us, we host the database but we pay for that. That's an example of the kinds of things that India does but we can certainly do more and we can certainly on the trade side, perhaps allow a process by which tariffs come down but as countries get comfort that they're not being swamped by Indian industry. But I think it's very important for Indian industry also to take steps to push government to start the process of region. And I think as the industrial countries look harder to do business with, this regional focus will increase and so I'm optimistic that we will have a more integrated region, maybe five divorces from now. Thank you and that's a good optimistic note to end on. These things are just three concluding remarks. These things do take time. In the case of ASEAN it took us 23 years before we start with the trust dealing with the political issue before we went into the economic issue. But it did happen with leadership and everybody committed. And I think what I took away very well from today's session is that while we are sorting out all the political difficulties and challenges, many steps can still be taken. Small steps that can actually have big impact, whether it's cross-border infrastructure, cooperation, air services liberalization, so sub-regional, sectoral cooperation. And finally there was a lot of discussion about the role of business, financial inclusion. I think technology will be also another big opportunity for this region which will unite you in a way that you could never predict because the youth are gonna be connected if you are actually doing that. And they may be the one driving the process with the business. And finally, optimistic note from India. So I think that's a very good side. So let me conclude this session. Thank you very much to all the panelists. Let's give them a round of applause. And thank you to the audience.


Hey what's going on guys welcome to a new video so I had a few spare minutes in the car and I've just been going through some messages on Instagram and I've been talking to three or four people about how to pick products to sell on Facebook and they seem to be having problems so they have like three or four products in mind in the nutshell which one to go with or they're just completely overwhelmed they're completely stuck and they don't know where to start so that's the topic I want to address in this video I've made some notes to go through and my goal then is by the time you finish watching this video is you'll know exactly what makes a good product to sell successfully using Facebook ads and that kind of leads me on to point number one which is depending on how you're trying to sell a product so if you're trying to sell it on Facebook versus Google AdWords versus Instagram then each one of those marketing platforms has its own criteria of what makes a good product so to give you an example of this if you try to sell a fridge on Facebook then the chapters are you're not going to be very successful because a fridge isn't an impulse buy people aren't on Facebook to buy things when somebody goes on Facebook they're not looking to buy something they're scrolling through their newsfeed they're looking at what their friends are up to posting themselves or watching funny cat videos so chances of somebody coming across your advert for a fridge and impulse buying it there and then is quite slim whereas if you compare that to say Google AdWords people do go on to Google and search for things they want to buy so to sell a fridge through Google AdWords then you can target people looking for those for that specific search term so it's a lot easier when it comes to selling it on Facebook then there's certain products and the criteria of those products which we'll be speaking about in this video which make it easier and increase your chances of having success so the first point I want to mention is the fact that the first product you pick to advertise on Facebook might not be a winner and you might end up losing money so just giving an example then when I first advertised on Facebook ads over three years ago now then I believe it's my fifth or sixth product that actually saw some traction and actually became profitable and allowed me to expand and scale the business now those first five or six products whatever it is that I advertised that fails it wasn't a waste of time or money because what it allows you to do is that the more products you test as long as you keep the data don't delete the campaigns then it allows you to compare the different ad sets compare the different data and the results from them so you soon start to realize what is good data but what a good number is so if you've never advertised on Facebook before the chances are you won't know what a good cost per link click is you won't know what a good quality ranking is you won't know what a good cpm is so by advertising say five or six different products spend the same amount of money reach the same amount of people and you can compare the data and what it will do is it will create a benchmark of what good data is versus bad data and then that way you'll know which product is getting the best traction which product is getting the cheapest clicks etc it will allow you to focus on that one product and when it comes to picking other products then you'll know what a winning product is so picking the second one because it's a lot lot easier to summarize then you almost have to go through those products that fail because learning from those lessons will allow you to succeed so to give you an example then let's say you stick with one product it's the very first product you choose to advertise and you're averaging about 40 pence cost per link click now you might think that's really good and continue to invest money into it thinking hang on a second i'm getting really good cheap clicks i'm getting really quality traffic but for some reason it's not profitable whereas if you had tested say three four five or six different products one of those ones may have got say cost per link click for about 20p in which case you would have focused your all your attention and budget and money onto that one which would have had a better chance of success so that's point number one by the way guys any questions on anything at all and I make sure everything is 100 clear by the time you've watched this video so if there isn't feel free leave a comment down below i do ask every single comment the next point comes down to having an audience in mind before you pick a product or at least if you do pick a product make sure you have a very very very specific audience that you're going to be targeting for that product now again to illustrate why this is so important if we go back to the example of a fridge advertise a fridge on facebook and pretty much i mean there's a high percentage of homes in the uk in the us in the countries you're going to be targeting where people have fridges so it's not really a specific or niche product because it applies to everyone therefore there's not going to be any people that are truly that passionate and interested in the fridge to buy it whereas if you're going to advertise say some socks that have pictures of a pug on then that is a specific audience that you'll have to target on facebook and therefore that product is going to resonate more with your audience than a fridge would because a fridge applies to everybody whereas pug socks only apply to people who own pugs or people who really love pugs and just the way they look whatever it is so what i'm trying to say then to summarize this point so i don't end up baffling for too long is that when you pick a product the more specific the audience is the better because when somebody's flicking through their newsfeed you have a split second to capture their attention with your product and if you don't they're just going to continue scrolling through and move on to the next funny cat video or or whatever it is so the more specific your product is to your audience the more likely it is to get attention the more likely somebody is to stop on it and the more likely somebody is to click on it and therefore actually buy your product and this kind of leads me on to my next point quite nicely which is the word passion so you've probably heard me mention passion products in my videos before i still stick by it because the more passionate somebody is about a subject the more time they're going to give it again using fridge and eggs as an example i know it's pretty extreme but there's not many people out there or at least in my kind of family and friendship circle that are passionate about fridges you don't very often hear people speaking about them or getting excited about them or sharing videos of them or images of them whatever it is so it's not going to get that attention that you need it to get in order for it to be successful whereas the pug sucks people are passionate about pugs that people bring them up as their children and see them as members of the family so when somebody sees something to do with a pug then it resonates with them they have that connection connection is like the key when it comes to facebook ads if you put a product in front of an audience that has that natural passion and connection with that product then you're going to be onto a winner just hands down so if you've got that list of products just think is somebody going to be super passionate about this product is there a specific audience that is going to be looking for a particular product like this and if there is then run with it just go with it test it and see what happens and if you're not sure then about whether somebody's going to be passionate about your product the other kind of angle in which you can have success on facebook is if you bring something new to facebook something cool quirky interesting that people have never seen before now this is one of the most difficult things to do because of the times we live in with the internet with social media most people have seen most things if that makes sense and the best way to get attention to get people engaging commenting sharing your product your ad your post is to show them something new that they've never seen before when it comes to advertising on a social media platform the biggest thing we can use to our advantage is the fact that every time somebody engages shares comments tag somebody it increases our reach for free and therefore our cpms are going to be cheaper so we need to take advantage of that think of it as when you're advertising a product in i said this before in multiple videos but it's still true even today is once you've created your ad copy or you've got your product just think would somebody share this would somebody tags their friend to show this if you follow me on instagram in fact i posted this facebook ad video that i was watching and i was watching it for the humor aspect of it and the amount of engagement it was getting was crazy because it was funny yes it had a product in that was trying to be sold but it was funny so so many people were engaging with it and their organic reach on that video would have been huge would have been massive because it is enjoyable to watch and it is the sort of thing somebody would watch laugh and want to tag their friend in it so they see it and then the next piece of criteria i want to talk to you about so we've gone over the fact that somebody has to be super passionate and have that connection with your product it can either be really interesting and new calling quirky that nobody's ever seen before and then the third thing is it significantly increases somebody's quality of life so it solves a really valuable problem that people are having and if you can do that then again people are naturally going to want your product because of what it can do for them again this is a difficult thing to do ideally make a note of these three criteria if you've got your list of products compare this list of criteria to those products and whichever product matches more criteria that i've gone through if that makes sense versus the others that's the one you want to go with so if your product can solve a problem for somebody that is really troublesome really valuable either it's going to save them a load of time it's going to mean that they're not living in pain as much they can they're a bit more mobile whatever it is if it makes somebody's life easier then people are going to be interested in it because everybody wants an easier life and then the final thing i want to finish on is the price of the products because again this is important another mistake i see people making is they're selling products that are too cheap don't be afraid to sell a product for 30 40 50 pounds people will people will in buys products up to that price if it resonates with them enough if it increases their life if they've never seen it before and it's a really cool gift or something like that so in my opinion whatever you buy the product for delivered so make sure you include delivery price to that you need at least 15 pounds or 15 dollars on top of that to get your sale price so if something costs you 10 pound all in delivered to the customer you need to be selling it for at least 25 pound as a minimum you need to leave in their 15 pound 15 dollars for your facebook cost per purchase as a minimum the reason being then is because facebook ads are getting more expensive back when i started i've documented this in previous youtube videos you can get purchases for like three four five six pounds like pretty consistently pretty easily but nowadays if you can operate on a 10 pound cost per purchase on average then you should be happy with that so just make sure you pick a product that allows you to work and operate on those sorts of profit margins and with that being said then guys i'm going to wrap the video up and just so i don't end up talking for too long hopefully you guys are still watching hopefully you're still enjoying hopefully it's giving you more of a clearer vision then of what a good product looks like for facebook as i mentioned earlier in the video any questions whatsoever please just post them below even if you've got like five ten questions just post them all i do answer every single question usually i give away a one-to-one call as well in every video because i'm on my phone in the car i feel i can't announce the winner and do the competition so just make sure you subscribe to the channel tune into my next video and the winner will be announced in that one and that being said then guys thanks very much for tuning in i probably need to get off now so i'll see you in the next one


Hello and welcome to the International Daily Roundup by People's Dispatch, where we bring you major news developments from around the world. Our headlines. Trump nominee for US Supreme Court confirmed just eight days ahead of election. Demonstrations mark hundred days since the forced disappearance of Garifuna leaders in Honduras. UN demands independent investigation into Palestinian teenager's death. China takes action against US companies for arms trade with Taiwan. And the United States imposes yet another fresh set of sanctions on Iran. In our first story, in one of the most controversial Supreme Court appointments to be held this election season, the United States Senate has confirmed the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett for the Supreme Court. In a vote held in the Republican Party-controlled Senate on Monday, Barrett was confirmed by 52-48 division of votes, which took place almost entirely on partisan lines. She took her first oath for the post of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court just hours after the voting. With election day just eight days ahead away, Barrett's confirmation is the closest it has been to a presidential election in US history. With this, the Donald Trump administration and the Republican Party have decisively tilted the liberal conservative balance of the court. Conservatives now constitute six of the nine seats in the current court, three of whom, including Barrett, were confirmed under the current administration. The Democratic Party, which voted against her confirmation, has vehemently opposed the nomination. The opposition primarily stemmed from its influence on a possibly contested election outcome, and other prominent cases on social justice issues and federal welfare schemes. The post of a US Supreme Court judge is not a 10-year limited position.  While Supreme Court judges do not officially hold partisan positions, at least officially, they are often identified by their ideological leanings. Amy Coney Barrett's nomination came barely a week after the death of liberal inclined Judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who was appointed by the Bill Clinton administration in 1993. In recent presidential elections, the Supreme Court has often been approached by dissenting candidates over disputes and counting. This year, postal ballots have become a major point of contention between the Democrats and the Republicans. Nearly 64.7 million people have already voted through these postal ballots and early voting, which is already 6 million more than the early voting numbers in 2016. Of these, close to 44.8 million votes were sent by post. Already, concerns have been raised over the capacity of the US Postal Service to deliver all the ballots on time, with fears that more than 1 million ballots will not be done so. In the counting dispute in the 2000 presidential election, the Supreme Court controversially shut down a recount process in the state of Florida, where Republican candidate George Bush won by a wafer in majority of around 500 votes. A similar situation of a close contest is expected in the upcoming elections on November 3rd, and many observers have estimated that if a number of uncounted ballots grows, it could affect the outcome in favor of Trump. The Supreme Court also has two highly anticipated cases in its upcoming session that begins in November. One deals with a matter of discrimination against the LGBTQ plus community in a lawsuit filed by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese in Philadelphia. This is against city officials who barred them from participating in foster care programs because they barred same-sex couples as foster parents. The other is concerning the constitutionality of the Affordable Health Care Act, also called Obamacare. In our next story, Monday marked the 100th day since the forced disappearance of five young members of the Garifuna community in Honduras. These men were kidnapped by heavily armed men dressed in police and military uniforms. The incident took place on July 18th in Trifuno de la Cruz, a small town on Honduras' Caribbean coast. To mark the occasion, a small group of people, mainly women, demonstrated in the town demanding the safe return of the abducted members of their community. Various national and international social movements also demanded their safe return and also asked the national government of Honduras investigate the case and bring the perpetrators to justice. Four of the five men abducted from their homes were part of the fraternal black organization of Honduras or the OFRA NEH, and they had been working in defense of their ancestral land. The OFRA NEH is a grassroots organization that works with afro-descendant and indigenous Garifuna community in Honduras. Since the disappearance of its members, the OFRA NEH has denounced the government's lack of will to find the whereabouts of the young men. This has also increased the suspicion among the community of the involvement of the Honduran state in the crime. The organization had earlier denounced the right-wing government of President Juan Orlando Hernandez for presenting inconsistencies in the reports on the case before the Inter-American Human Rights Court. The organization rejected the government's disinformation campaign waged on social media with the aim of discrediting the disappeared by linking them to drug trafficking. Last week, media Miranda, the coordinator of the organization, denounced its seven officials, the National Armed Forces, arrived in the community of Santa Fe in the Colón department. These armed forces members proceeded to inquire about the leader of the recovery of Juan Ile's ancestral territory, Nilfóor Yosel Flores. Miranda wondered the organization and the community would hold the government responsible for what might happen to Flores. We now move on to the United Nations which demanded a fair and independent investigation into the death of a Palestinian teenager who was reportedly beaten to death by Israeli soldiers on Sunday. The UN Special Envoy to the Middle East, Nikolai Mladenov, while speaking at the UN Security Council said that they were conflicting claims about the circumstances and cause of the death. He demanded a prompt and independent investigation into the events that led to the death of the boy. The British Council in occupied Jerusalem also called on Israel to thoroughly investigate the Palestinian teenager's death. According to several eyewitnesses, 18-year-old Amir Abdul Rahman Snowbar was caught up in a clash with Israeli soldiers while they were raiding the Palestinian village of Tormuz, Aya, in the north of Ramallah. He was singled out and beaten mercilessly for around 10 minutes by several Israeli soldiers. He was later pronounced dead at a hospital in Ramallah. Now the Israeli military has been quick to say that the teenager's death was because of the fact that he was trying to escape being caught by the soldiers and that he fell and hit his head. This has however been contradicted by several bruise marks on his neck, chest and upper body, which doctors have identified as deliberate, targeted blows intended to cause injury. The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Palestinian expatriates have demanded a formation of an international commission of inquiry to carry out investigations into the incident. In a statement released on Sunday, the ministry made it clear that this crime reflects the extent of brutality and fascism that controls the police, security and military mentality of the ruling establishment. The Foreign Ministry also called on the International Criminal Code to take cognizance of the case and excise its authority to bring justice to the family of the victim. In our next story on Monday, the Chinese Foreign Affairs Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian announced that China had imposed sanctions on U.S. based companies, Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Defense and Raytheon. This was for a pre-agreement to sell arms to Taiwan. Last week, the spokesperson stated that China would provide a legitimate response after the U.S. State Department announced its intention to sell three lots of weapons to Taiwan. The weapons included SLAM, ER missiles and several high mobility artillery rocket systems, which is a multiple lightweight missile delivery system. China has demanded that the U.S. stop selling arms to Taiwan and cut military ties with the government in Taipei. The exact details of the sanctions have not been announced yet, but a spokesman pointed out that this will apply to U.S. individuals and entities that play a role in arms sales. In the past year, President Donald Trump's administration has moved to strengthen ties with Taiwan, including increasing arms sales and facilitating high-level meetings between U.S. and Taiwanese officials. This is the second time that China has imposed sanctions on U.S. arms company Lockheed Martin. The first time was in July when it reached a pre-agreement with Taiwan for U.S. dollars 620 million to repair PAC-3 missiles. And continuing with the U.S., on Monday, moving forward with its maximum pressure campaign, the U.S. Treasury Department issued a fresh round of sanctions on Iran's petroleum sector. The sanctions mostly target entities and individuals in the sector, including the Minister of Petroleum. Some of the entities in the list are Iran's Ministry of Petroleum, the National Iranian Tanker Company, and the National Iranian Oil Company. According to the U.S. Treasury Secretary Stephen Mnukin, the revenue generated by these companies is used to fund the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps' Kutz Force. The sanctions on the petroleum industry companies are considered to be a reaction to the rise in Iranian oil exports in recent months, as per the estimates by tanker Tracker. This is despite multiple U.S. sanctions. The U.S. sanctioned Iranian oil export first in 2018 in May, after it unilaterally withdrew from the Iran nuclear deal, which was signed by the Barack Obama administration in 2015. The Iranian Petroleum Ministry in response to the new sanctions said that no amount of pressure can make the country yield to the U.S. The U.S. wants to renegotiate the Iran nuclear deal, which is also known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Iran and the other signatories, which are China, Russia, the U.K., France, and Germany, have refused to do so. The Iranian Petroleum Minister has called the fresh sanctions a sign of failure of the U.S. so-called maximum pressure campaign. Iran's Foreign Minister Jawad Zarif called the fresh sanctions an overused economic warfare aspect against Iran. The foreign oil revenue due to the fall in exports has greatly hampered the Iranian economy and its ability to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak in the country. The U.S. has refused to heed international demands to end sanctions during the pandemic, thus making fighting against COVID-19 Iran more difficult. Instead, the U.S. has imposed more sanctions on Iran during the last few months. Due to the fear of secondary sanctions, more suppliers and banks have stopped doing business with Iran. This has led to a massive shortage of essential medical supplies in the country. That's all we have time for today. We'll be back tomorrow with more news from around the world. Until then, keep watching People's Dispatch.


Just as an offense as a team, I know you guys still have games to play or game to play at this point. But I mean, how proud are you of the efforts that this particular team's been able to put together to win the first AFC South title since 2008? Yeah, it's really cool. There's a lot of really great things that this team has accomplished and there's a lot of things to be proud about. One of those things in Coach Raible talked about is that no matter what, we're going to constantly fight. It doesn't matter what the situation is, guys don't back down from it. But it's definitely, like you said, there's more football to play, but it's a cool moment right now. Dennis, you came in at kind of the tail end of the doom and gloom days for this franchise. How have you seen things grow and change culturally and otherwise since you got here? Yeah, it's really neat talking to Taylor Alon about it because he talked about his early years and his career. The two and 14 and three and 13 years and the mentality that has now taken over the building in the locker room. I'm really proud to be a part of something like this to kind of get this franchise going in the right direction and hopefully continue its success. Jesus, success, excuse me. How much does Raible play into all of that? Yeah, I mean, I think he does a fantastic job of getting us ready and kind of being that example of what we should aim to be as a team. He does a great job connecting with all the players because he's done it all. He's been pretty much every single type of role you can find on a football team. And so I think he brings a great perspective to us and he's able to be in this. I think guys appreciate that in respect to that. Yeah, Dennis, back to back, leading Russia, you're one of eight offensive lines to ever block for a 2000 yard back. I see you starting to smile. What does that mean to you? Like, how much of an accomplishment is that for you? Yeah, it's, you know, I keep saying it's a really cool moment. It's a really cool thing. That's something you, when you're older and you're done playing and you're able to talk to your kids or anything like that. That's something you can look back and be like, I did that. Hey, Dennis. What's up, bud? How are you, buddy? I just wanted to pop in here and tell you congratulations. I'm so happy for you. I love you to death. No one deserves this more than you, buddy. I'm out of here. Later. Go ahead, where am I at? You were talking about how, what it meant to you and how it's something that, you know, you could tell your grandkids. Yeah, and then it's in, you know, Quiz and I talked about a locker room about how like that's something we can always meet up on and celebrate. And, you know, there's instantly, there's this bond that we're all in this together and we all accomplish this together. So it's definitely, I mean, it's going to be pretty impossible to forget. And you mentioned earlier, just the mindset and the approach that has taken over that building. I don't think there's a unit that does it more than the offensive line and the running back group. So what is it about you guys? How did you develop that mindset and what is it that really puts that forth on game day? You know, I think it's just the group of guys that we have in there. You know, you said the offensive line, the running back, you know, the tight end, but like everyone involved has really taken the heart that it takes all 11 to be an effective offense and to run the ball. And I think the guys have bought in the guys like working together and like talking with each other. There's just a really great chemistry with everyone involved. And I think it shows on the field. Hey, Dennis. So Taylor Poppinon was another example of just the attrition that you guys have faced on the offensive line again today. I mean, what does it mean to know that it was really a team effort, not just the guys that started the season, but the ones that ended up finishing it tonight? Yeah, I think it just goes to show that question to sleep. You have to be ready at all times. And I think speaking for our room, guys understand that and guys are able to express that. We have plenty of guys who we have guys that have been starters from day one. We have guys like myself who's been back ups, who've been healthy scratches, who everything in between to give them hints and give them tips and just different ways of making sure that they're ready and making sure they're prepared if the numbers qualify. Hey, Dennis, when CJ got his 2000, it wasn't a playoff team and it was kind of a team mission to get him there. This is a far more natural occurrence that is pushing you places. Can you kind of speak to that difference like it's not a manufactured thing. It's it's kind of a root of who you are. Yeah, you know, it's we talked about it. Maybe over launch or something during one of our breaks this week about, you know, it's obviously that that's a goal and we're obviously happy to accomplish it. But, you know, the number one importance is to win the game and to win the division.  But like I said, as well as things where it wouldn't it wouldn't have been a special if we ended up getting it, but it ended up losing the game, losing the vision and such. So I do think it adds to the to the the moment to know that it was Derek's success, the offensive success and as well as, you know, the team as a whole. Dennis, what was what was the exuberation? Like you won a lot of games, a lot of games coming down the stretch, a couple of overtime games this year as well. But just the exuberance when the ball hits the goal post and goes in and maybe there was a moment there where you didn't know if it was good or not. Just kind of went what went through your mind and how would you describe the celebration? Well, I did not see it. So thank you for telling me to hit the goal post. I was on the ground making sure no one else tipped the ball or anything like that. So I just ended up being on the ground and looking at the rep to see what their signal was because I heard the text and feeling like it's no good, it's no good. And then as soon as it happened, it was just one of those things where it's like you kind of surreal, you know, trying to find someone to celebrate with and trying to get off the ground, make sure everyone else is healthy. And so it was kind of chaotic just because I didn't see what happened. And so I was trying to kind of figure it all out at the same time with celebrating. Dennis, I know you've talked already about Derek's accomplishment. Just what about just playing with Derek and Ryan? Like you said, it's a collective effort, but playing with players who play at that level, what has that been like this season for all you guys? You know, it's great to be a part of it. It's great to watch. It's great. You know, it's a great form of leadership, you know, that those two are going to go to war with you every single chance they can. And, you know, they're going to fight for everything that they can.  And and I think it just kind of it's a great way of leading by example by both of them. You got the Rolexes last year. So we'll see what you get this year. But more seriously, I always like to get your perspective, like what's going on in the huddle. So as you guys are working towards that 2K for Derek, what what's the the verbiage? Like, what are you guys saying to each other? How has that proceeded to be honest? When we were on the field, we didn't talk about it at all. You know, we were we were concerned about making sure we understood the situation that we were in, you know, what down distance, anything like that, making sure there was any reminders that need to be put kind of on their personnel. So, excuse me, soon as we were on the field, that all the extra stuff kind of went to the wayside. And then when we got closer on the sideline, we, you know, people would ask, you know, how much more or how close and that. But once we're on the field, everyone was locked in and making sure that we were being the best decision for the play.


First of all a UXUI designer may wear many hats, depends on what company you are, you may specialise, but let's have a look at what you could do. So first of all you might want to do some research, this could be a specialist role, you could actually be a UX researcher, but you're basically going to want to understand who you're designing for and what their needs and motivations are. You can do this in a variety of ways like interviews and surveys and then you want to analyse this and then basically this gives you a platform to build a really good product from. So this is just an example of what you might be doing, you really think about who you're designing for and what they want. Then we've got information architecture and this is basically the art and science of navigating and labelling a website. So there's lots of different tools you can do as a UX designer, lots of tasks you can do this, but basically when you go on a website and you notice that it's easy to find things, everything's simple and laid out, the hierarchy is good, that is the information architecture of a website. And that requires a UX designer to really go in and make great. So here's an example of someone designing, we love to use post-its, but that's the navigation of a website and how you go around it. Then we have interaction design, so that's taken all we've done so far and that's making users interact with it. So that could be wireframes, it could be paper prototypes, we do things low fidelity at first, so we get all the iterations out, we test it and then we move higher on later on to more proper designs. And that's in the visual design phase and this is where you do colour schemes, typography images. You add this later on because you want to have already agreed on everything beforehand without bringing the conversation to design. This is where you're going to apply the look and feel of the brand that you're designing for. And there's an example of a really good screen that I'm actually jealous of within Figma, but you can see this is what a lot of people think you are UX designers, but it's actually just the tip of the iceberg really. And then we've got usability testing, so we can make a beautiful design, we can make a look great in Figma, we've done all the research, but we still need to iterate on it and make it better. And that's where things like AB testing coming in, there's loads of different types of usability testing that we might touch on a bit later, but we want to make sure that our product works and that people are finding it easy to use, that's the goal of usability testing. And you're really going to be in contact with your customers and users as a designer and it's really, really fun to be part of that and it makes you very proud to see it improve over time. And then we've got collaboration, so as a designer I find that I'm the centre of the team, so I'm always talking to different people around me like developers, product managers, marketing. Our job is not just to oversee the actual design but it's the user's experience of the product and we need to make sure that the features they want to go in there. And I always see that you're basically the representative of the user inside the business and then you've got to be almost like a consultant to make sure that the developers actually design what is intended and what always put in the user first. So this is you, you're always going to be collaborating. So now, what are the key skills for every UX UI designer and what do you actually need for a career in this? So let's have a look at the rundown of what we might go through. So first of all, wireframe and prototyping, this is the first thing, like I don't know, believe me, I've had 20 years experience and that's the first thing I went to when I first started. But you want to jump straight in and do the visual design, that's fine. So you do need sketching skills, so I find that I sketch a lot of websites out and then I start from there and I make it more and more high fidelity. But that's the actual interface design. So you start low fidelity and then you'll take it to Figma and make it look a bit nicer later on. Then we have visual communication. So this is like I'm going to call this graphic design. This is once you've got your basis down of a wireframe, you then going to apply all the things like colour theory, typography, layout, all of those skills that you have to have learned to make something look good basically. So this is where your component libraries and all your UI design comes into it. This is mostly done in Figma nowadays. So then speaking of Figma, we've got knowledge of design tools. So in the last few years there's been a big war between Adobe XD and Figma. What you need to know now is Figma, Fig Jam, which is both of Figma and Mero. They're the free that I use daily. Mero and Fig Jam are for more UX design tasks like user flows, task flows, persona building, whereas Figma is for UI designs. And the great thing is they're all free. So here I've got a quote from Reuters and then, you know, Adobe basically last year agreed to acquire Figma for $20 billion. So this is the tool that you need to use. Ignore all the old videos. You don't need to know Adobe XD. You don't really need to know Sketch. I see everyone moving towards Figma and that's what I want you to go towards. So then, you know, we work with developers having a basic understanding of code that is good. I didn't have this for many years. I actually got these books, which are really good off Amazon, HTML and CSS and JavaScript and jQuery. It's good to know it's good to have a basis of you don't need to be an expert, but having the same language of developers wouldn't would help actually quite a lot. So then you've got soft skills, which to me is the most important thing a designer has. That's, you know, communication being it took me years and years and years of practice presenting weekly, making videos to get confident. It's something that I advise everyone to do straight away and start practicing. Problem solving skills. These are all the things that make you a good. This is what I think it makes people a great designer. I don't care if two people have the same level of skills, but if one person has far superior soft skills, that's the one I'm hiring for a job. Again, you're going to be the representative of the user and everything we do is visual. So always present in our work to everyone. So let's have a look at some careers prospects. What are things like now in UI UX design? So it's really in the band job market at the moment. Things are looking good. Even with all the tech layoffs in the past couple of years, UI UX design is still in the top three most in demand jobs for creative. So that's a good check mark. So the latest estimate to clothing the glass door is 98 K and above annual salary for UX designers. And this is growing at such a fast rate every year. This is going up 8% and in Canada it was 16%. So around the world different rates, but things are going fast. Then we've got I didn't want to blow up the numbers. So even for a junior designer, you know, 77 K is what you're looking at to get your first role, which to me is not bad at all. Then we've got diverse job roles. So you can specialize within this as well. Like within the UI UX to field. Let's have a little look at what you can do. Oops, so you can you can go into user research if you want to. You could specialize in UI design. You could go into testing the world you're oyster really. And then we've got if you want to go freelancing, that's what's great about this field. You have the skills and you can go local to companies and apply skills design local websites, make a little freelancing business and build it up into a design agency. If you wanted to, you're going to have the skills. So what I really like being a UI UX designer, let's have a look at some pros and cons. So like any career, there's obviously highs and lows. Here's the pros. There's high demand. So it's a well respected career and there's lots of job opportunity, which is good for us. It's impactful work. So we're actually what we design gets implemented in real life and we get to see it and it's actually one of the most fundamental things to drive success in a product because we are actually designing the product. And then we've got creative in problem solving and go into work and having problems to solve every day. It just makes life fun and keeps you wanting to come back for more. Things don't doesn't get doesn't get boring. There's a great kind of satisfaction in being a designer. So we've got some cons. So that's at a fast pace industry. So I've been a designer 15 years. I've maybe used 10 tools over the past 15 years. Things change really fast. You've got to keep on top of the trends and you've got to keep on top of like not just tools, but like where design styles are going. So it's very fast paced and then it's project based work. So you work as a designer. It's not the same every day. It's like you have highs and lows and sometimes you work in nonstop and then sometimes you might have a couple of months where you're not doing much because it's a project based. So you need to make sure you balance your time out and then it's super competitive. So because it's such a great job, it's actually very, very competitive to get a junior role and you've got to stand out. So we'll talk about how to do that in a second. So then is it right for you? Is it your calling? So ultimately it's kind of it's your decision. So I would ask myself the following questions. So do you enjoy problem solving or do you get frustrated? So UX is literally all about solving problems for users because basically I think at its core every business solves a problem, which is why it's a successful business. And then within that is lots of many problems that we need to solve for the users. Do you have an eye for aesthetics? Are you interested in design? Do you have a look of things and enjoy beauty in the world? And then you might enjoy more the graphic design and use an interface part of it. And then are you open to learning and evolving because you go into need to be constantly just taking part in the design world and being a designer is much more interesting day job. You're going to be wanting to watch podcasts, watch videos. And I guess you are because you're watching this. So hopefully it's a big check for that. And then do you enjoy working in a team?  We have to work with everyone. So do you prefer to be solo enough to loan? But definitely I enjoy working in a team. I think it makes going to work fun really. So the answer in yes to all of them that it might actually be a really great fit for you, which is good. So now we're going to have a look at how we can actually move into a design path. What can you do for it? So what education do you need? So I did seven years as a degree, although in recent years online courses have become super popular and I see a lot of job openings, job opportunities basically. You need a degree or you need to do an online course. Online courses are actually really good because you have specific skills, whereas degrees are more kind of overall like graphic design, not specific for UIX design, which is why courses online are really up there now. So you need to master the basics. You need to know the fundamentals of UIX design and you need to know things like tools like Figma. Then you need to build your skills by practising. You don't even need to do real projects. You need to practice, make practice projects rarely to get hands on experience because being a designer does require skills which obviously take practice. My first designs were terrible. So then the key thing is you need to develop a portfolio. This is what you're going to take into your interview. This is the great thing for us because the course and the degree are not so important. It's the portfolio, but that actually you need a structured approach to building one. And then that leads you on to my mission. So my goal really is to... I love teaching and my goal over the past six months is to build the best UIX design course possible for the world's most affordable price. That's my goal. I want to take out all the competition and give you. But my goal is to get you a job ASAP. So my brief is basically to design a self-paced online course that gets you interview ready. Basically I know what I'm managing looking for. We're going to get everything standing out above the competition and it must be better than a $10,000 bootcamp for 5% of the price. So I'm opening this up for everyone. We all know universities could be $100,000. So I want to do the bootcamps. What bootcamps did to universities? So within my course there's 24 hours of content. There's hands on tasks. We basically create a portfolio together from scratch and get you all the way up to creating a resume to creating a cover letter to having a portfolio with three to five projects in that you're going to smash interview with. I think it's going to take 100 hours overall. So it could take between three weeks full time or 10 weeks part time. The curriculum we go about every single step in the UX design process. And basically the goal is to get your job career ready and have a portfolio at the end. So that's my outcome is to get you an entry level job ASAP. The link is in the description if you're interested in doing the free course or just learning more, so have a look. There's a free introduction to it and then thank you. If you want to stick around on YouTube, watch the next video. The links in the description. Thank you for joining me. Let's go.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here so this will be on my spoiler free review for stranger things for volume one stranger things season for volume I meant to say and This season is definitely The darkest of the series so far definitely the most gruesome definitely the most matured most sinister most unnerving most terrifying I would say most memorable also just because of the fact that they are going off of the nightmare in Elm Street formula That was a great inspiration to everything and how it unfolds in this season So I like how they dragged that out and made made basically made a nightmare in Elm Street movie episodically I liked that. It was a great approach So it juggles so much between the Hawkins shenanigans that you came for the rush activities and in the buyer's life Since you know, they all moved with L to California There's also this feeling of being in a different show though when it do comes to Jim Hopper seasons Which made me want to see less of that but even when they are happening It's very action-packed and I did just want to see more of the teens though because it felt like when we went to Russia Okay, we're not even in we're not even watching stranger things anymore But it wasn't it wasn't bad as much as it was okay I want to see less of that and more of the teens But however, I do love hoppers character And I do want to see him get home of course and he has a great arc in this season David harbors again doing his best job as this character the set pieces in this season I would say are incredible, especially we went to what's accomplished in the finale and then more specifically That that fourth episode with Max's arc their Billy. It's so beautiful It's it's going to touch a lot of your hearts Her whole arc I think this season will touch on a lot of people's hearts and it builds to this highly tense moment where she realizes that She doesn't have to be shut off and struggle alone I know I've seen some reaction videos already to people watching it And it really just just hit you in the feels because you you're getting a look at how far these people have come And you're faced with this realization that anything can happen to any of these characters at any point in time because the end is near And I feel like that moment that moment with max really just highlighted it all so well And of course the music with Kate Bush running up that hill all the scenery everything the set piece Sadie sink just going hitting it on all cylinders It was a great episode probably my favorite from the season and I see what everyone was talking about now So we know she's in pain, but she doesn't have to let but she won't let anyone in That's like her biggest struggle this season for max will buyers is in a position where I'm like Okay, can we pull the trigger on this already because it's been hinted at for a while So I like the approach that they're going with now Given the time period but will needs to have his moment soon I think that they are going to give it to him eventually at this point is just more of him struggling I guess the CGI I would say is not always the best the worst I can think of it is in regards to her bunny featured in a flashback sequence But that's not a major setback for the season at all whatsoever I can say that you may find these episodes or season in general to be a little bit bloated because I did I Think it's going to be more of a thing where when you watch this series back The season is going to age well, but the run times are going to be the thing that get tiresome I can see that just being a tiresome aspect as this series goes up as we go back and rewatch this Fantastic series in the future. So we know why they took that approach given how long we've been without the characters But but still I can tell that when you go back and rewatch this show for a lot of people having the access to season for now You're going to feel those run times more You're gonna be you're gonna be stuck with season for a lot longer than you were with the previous seasons There's nothing wrong with it because again, you did it give you these likeable characters They give you these compelling arcs everything is still very entertaining, but it's just like God. It's it's so long But none of them that I won't say this They're not wasting their runtime Everything I feel that happens in this in this season minus a few things Okay, I'm like you didn't have to have that there a large chunk of it is everything that's needed to move the needle forward and push Everything involved with our characters and their arcs forward and helping us get ready for the end that we know is coming So again, the nightmare on Elm Street formula is used so well That I think the Duffers are the ones that need to bring Freddy Cougar back and I would love to see them do that so Vecna is a terrifying presence with a fantastic design and It does indeed share a connection with Victor Krill like I had mentioned in or I theorized about in My other video and 11 so seeing how divided everyone is this season truly highlights How much older they are because this is what happens as you will order in their high school then of course inevitable adulthood? 11's arc is also very cool. Once the finale came around. I was like, okay I'm I'm I think I'm seeing some Harry Potter inspiration here And I like where this could go for a potential season 5 showdown that could be just magical And if they save it for the sea series finale, I feel like what you see in the finale of this season is like, okay This is just a taste and it's not even the finale. This is only volume one episode seven of what you see At the end of that I feel like it's setting a stage for something even bigger coming for a serious finale So again, Sadie thinks she's certainly going to be the talk She's certainly getting talked about for all the right reasons because she's hitting it on all cylinders When the season focuses on her and her inner struggles It's just very compelling it hits you in your feels because you've they've done a great job writing these characters So you feel their pain Vecna's identity and backstory went as I expected but There let me explain myself seeing that drag on more than I thought was necessary Brenner's return was also nice. Millie Bobby Brown's performance as 11 was still amazing The season just does a tremendous job highlighting how the end is near and I know many of you are ready for it Because I'm right there with you even though we know that the end is near We just want to also have it because we know it's gonna be epic and then we'll worry about that harsh Goodbye, we all have to face with these characters and with the Hawkins universe after we get season 5 because season 5 for so far What I'm seeing with season 4 I I know they're going to outdo themselves something is telling me Okay, you're going to go for broke with season 5 I think season 5 finale has a chance of being one of my favorite series finales Right up there with a buff with the Buffy finale for those of you know, I'm a big fan of Buffy Just the way everything's being handled so far with season 4 I think they have a good chance of Topping that if not gene right there with it in terms of quality So this is definitely the most gruesome again mature season yet with a lot of good scares and emotional moments They remind you of how well written these characters have been and continue to be I can't wait to see volume To can't wait to see these last two episodes 8 and 9 which are basically like full-length movies at this point I would say and again everything so far between the set pieces the well-written characters the compelling arcs the emotions the high stakes The juggling of all these different storylines that still work so well and come together So cohesively by the end of it the sea jagging wasn't that great always But the effects for the most part are brilliant breathtaking visuals the upside down just still just as terrifying as Mesmerizing still with how gorgeous it looks and what they can't create on screen with this massive budget We know went into it all in all a very good season so far eight out of ten for me If you haven't already of course make sure you subscribe turn on post application You have missed a video in the description links my social media accounts on Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there of course limiting the movies News or reviews like me to cover in the future and with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


Walkable London City Data Analytics Mode of travel A color-coded map of Greater London shows the percentage of an area's workday population that arrives by train. In general, the closer to the core, the higher the percentage. When the mode of travel is the underground, the highest percentage shifts to Oxford Circus. Another map shows the percentage of the population that arrives in an area by foot. The percentages, illustrated by graded color, are dramatically lower. When the map shows the percentage who arrive by bicycle, the usage remains low, especially far from the core. The color-coded map of Greater London now shows the percentage of an area's residential population that departs by train, which is universally low. Higher usage is evident when the mode of travel is the underground network, especially in the outer areas to the west. More people depart by foot in the City of London proper than anywhere else in the region. Residential departure by bicycle is relatively low, though slightly higher in areas to the northeast. Commuter walking times On a dark map of central London, underground and rail stations are identified. Walkable distances blossom from the stations according to an accelerated timer, illustrating the statement that 95% of central London can be reached within a 15-minute walk from the nearest station. When a proposed pedestrian network is added to the map, walking times are reduced. Data visualization by Habitatum