here We're working on this demolition delay Obviously, there's still a lot of I Feel work to be done. I think we have a couple challenges to discuss and you know one of one of those challenges is how do we create a balance? Provides some of the needs for Reservation but also What's historic what's nostalgic some of the meeting I think we've got a challenge back in 2006 We had at that period So now we're faced Changes where we have Faced But at the same time some of it What is the significance of the building How does that play is it the first Is it a master architect Oh So how do we I I think we have to go down that path, a few different paths. We have to come up with some type of a view that is in short, sweet to the point. So that the home or neighborhood, neighbor, whoever, has the ability to understand what's happening with the effect of it. That's on both sides of it. And then as for this preservation and demolition in a way, I think as we go through this, I think we really need to understand what our criteria is. Because I've heard a lot. We're adding corridors and I read some of the information on it that one of the things I struggled with is that these aren't the first of these times. They aren't the last. So we're putting things under against people's will and I've spoken to a lot of others, a lot of these properties and some of them they want designation based on their ability to be in the natural and to see some significance to it and then there are others who don't. So maybe somebody else wants to take that challenge. I do believe that the way it's still written today, that it is a struggle for a lot of people to achieve the costs and the way it is. And I know that this seems to be somewhat of a standard, but I do think that if you look at the research and what happened in a lot of these situations, we've created a larger gap. The article that you forward us helped me kind of look at things in a little different perspective as well at that and looking into the research and several articles on urbanism talk about what happens. We've created spaces to be very equal, but now it's getting to a point where the costs of this have made it where we're driving other costs and we're reaching density in places and that it's become unfortunately the first of the world and the first of the world to achieve. So what I'd like to do today, if it's good, is have any good through some of the changes that she's made. I think one of the struggles we're going to have is still, and I'd like, I know that you're looking at a quicker response to try to get people to find that understanding of what is all. Mr. Chairman, let me state that I have looked at this thing for the last few months on the demolition delay, and it is confusing. We have the 15 districts, we have the five conservation areas, and we have a whole criteria that I don't think people understand. We have citizens that can understand whether they're in it or out it. This particular ordinance we're looking at now finds itself to the corridors. What I want to suggest is that we simplify this and put the whole city of Columbia in a potential demolition delay. And the way that would work is that we would use the criteria that the staff has come up with but where it says contributes to a historic district which is a subjective criteria that we would actually come up with a list, a named list of the buildings that are eligible for demolition delay. And that that list would be developed by staff and by input from the historic Columbia, by the neighborhoods, that that list would be then presented to the Planning Commission. And you could do that on a monthly basis or a bi-monthly basis as you have those meetings. The owners of the property that are suggested for inclusion on a demolition delay would know up front that that piece of property is eligible for a demolition delay after the Planning Commission gets it, the city council would have it. So we'd have two reviews outside of staff and I would leave the criteria that the staff is using to decide on whether these properties warrant a demolition delay up to the staff. It is a subjective bunch of criteria but we have trained staff that know how to look at these things and come up with answers to the questions about why this particular piece of property should be subject to a demolition delay and its significance to the city of Columbia's history. I think that when you come in to get your demolition permit, we ought to be able to have on our tax map GIS names. Let's say you're looking at 4103 McGregor Circle but that historic person that lived there and all of a sudden you come in for a demolition permit. That tax map number should say whether or not that particular piece of property is subject to delay and if it is then it goes into something like the criteria we have here. By giving the staff the ability to create this list and working with historic Columbia everybody would know. You wouldn't have to worry about whether you were in a conservation district, whether you were in a historic district, whether it was a national piece of property. With the capabilities we have in computers there should be no need for a long delay if you are not one of the pieces of property that should be subject. I would suggest that we go back and redo this thing making it apply to the city of Columbia and create a list that could be computerized so when anybody comes in for a demolition permit they would know up front whether they're going to have to have a more thorough review or whether they would be given a permit to go ahead and do the demolition. Comments now? I don't know that I would agree with that. I think Councilman is correct we should have two different demolition review period for commercial properties and residential just because residential is almost a different characteristic in everything. Whether it's the years the houses were built or the neighborhood were developed, the number of sales of houses sold and bought, it's a lot more than residential and commercial. And it's hard to follow now you're mixing everything up together. I think it is important to separate the commercial properties and commercial corridors in the neighborhoods and make the neighborhood a little easier characteristic or criteria so that everybody can follow. In Shandon it's 1,800 homes. You're not going to get 1,800 people to come and participate in that. I think it's important that we make that simple process for the neighborhoods and a different process for the commercial corridor so everybody can follow and easier steps to follow. As in for property list, there are some things in here and I didn't think there's that many properties that listed on the list that the staff has developed. When Sherman came and burned most of the downtown Columbia and some of the stuff we want to save whatever left over as much as possible, especially when it comes to the business corridor. So it's important that we define the criteria as Councilman recommended has mentioned to make it more specific but it's also important that we reach out to these property owners and let them know that their property is on the list and even give them a period of time that they can appeal that decision from the staff or not, but at least give them the common sense or the knowledge of saying 1401 is on the demolition review status or whatever you want to call it and give them the option or the opportunity to say we want to be on that list or not be on that list. At least everybody knows whether we granted them that wish or not. That's a different character, different discussion, but I think they need to be aware of that. Well, I was about to ask that. I mean, I wouldn't ask Howard some questions because basically, I mean, it sounds like y'all might be saying the same thing. We are. So, but But he wants to he wants to do a whole city and well, well, and I know that's what he said, but the way he explained it, it really is like there are a list of properties. It's not confusing people as in whether you're in a district or not a district. It's just it's about the individuality of the property. And so if you come in for demolition permit, you know, if it's on this list or criteria, it triggers that elevated review and then it'll go through a process. What I like about what Howard said is, and if we can do this, I like that it makes it more of a process of staff planning commission us like the other things and take out that whole DRC and some objective, not to say we're not objective sometimes as well. But I mean, I think that gives people a process that people are used to and somewhat comfortable with. I guess the question would be really honing in on what criteria triggers the review and making sure that that's as tight as it can be. I think that the only thing is if you get to the point where you have the planning commission, City Council can then overrule it, but you still might get into some subjectivity. And biggest thing I think the concerns that I've heard from most folks who are against this is time. Right now, even now, you know, you go through that process, staff planning commission, City Council, you know, that could be three months. But that would be done ahead of time. That would be done in the present time so that when you get ready to tear down 41 on 3 McGregor Drive, you would know that that has already been designated as something that's going to get a review. So you're saying we do that process. What you're saying is that you can tell me if I'm wrong, you can pile a list now. You run it through the process. And at the end of that process, you would accept that list. Or individual. Right. And then it's all designated so you know ahead of time. And the list can change. Which brings in, and I think we're, I think what Howard's saying is that gives everybody the ability to put in it. Because one of the questions that comes down to this is significant depends on your individual perspective. Amy may believe this building is significant because the mortar had a special design for whatever. I may not agree with that. And so having the balance. And I think the one thing that, you know, the column of list, I think we need to make sure that there's more public input along the process. But I think, you know, trying to start off in, you know, day one of what's eligible for the National Registry is number one. And then going down, I think we've got to decide what is significant. And reading into it is going, well, you know, several of these properties, and I went and looked at them. And they're on this two. There's 265 of them in this list. And so, well, they were such and such had the ability to stay here at the time. But it's not the first example. It's not the best example. And it's things, so where does the criteria stop? Right now it is blanking. And, you know, I still, I've heard from most of the folks on the buying street who are adamant that they don't want to be forced into a process. They don't want to choose individual properties. I think there's a couple of buildings that are looked at it. They want to take advantage of the daily bill or whatever. That's their decision. But I think we've got to be real careful about swapping other areas into this. But if you set up a process allowing the subjective criteria to be there, notify the landowner or the property owner that your property is being suggested for being marked as eligible for demolition delay, then they would have that whole time right now before they want to think about tearing the building down to say, yes, I want it in or no, I don't want it in and give the reasons pro or con. What's the mechanism for those? Because when you do that, you're creating a complete blanket based on timelines and everything else. And we need to understand the timeline. What effect does that have? Because you've had neighborhoods who have voted no to some of these. You've had neighborhoods who have voted yes. My thing would not take the neighborhoods out of it. It would make the whole city subject to this based on a list that we would develop with the neighborhoods, with the historic. So we don't list all the overlays? The overlays would not matter as far as demolition delay. It would do away with the overlays. It would do away with the historic districts. If you're looking for demolition, you would know upfront this particular property has been marked as something that if you want to demolish it, then you're going to get into the demolition delay ordinance, which would require some period of time, maybe 180, maybe 120 days to look at that particular piece of property. As it is at this state. So just to make sure I put you on the phone, you're saying that we go through and we have here. Because then at that point, you don't have a city-wide spot. Because after that process, you just have those identified areas. You no longer have. You would have properties identified anywhere in the city if you wanted. That's what I think. I think you're saying when you say split the city-wide, it really is not. It will be individual to the property. We're looking right now city-wide to take out whether or not it's in this district or that district. But once you go through that process, it'll be specific to the property. That's right. Amy? Um, I got stuck on that this would get away, go away, make all the historic districts kind of go away. No, no, they would not go away. Just as far as the demolition. For the record, that is what you said. Well, it's a little confusing. Everything else after that. It takes away the confusion. In perfect example, I got three calls yesterday from folks who were focusing in on the community character preservation.  And I was explaining that, you know, you got to come back out. This is on commercial course, but people are still confused as to what's in front of us right now. Eliminate that confusion. Yeah. So I think Howard is saying eliminate that confusion because whether you, you know, live in Shannon that's protected. Or you live in now. Kilburn. Yeah, that's not protected. But if there is a significant structure in that area, then it still could potentially be on this list. As to whether or not they're in a district or not. One thing to sweeten the pot, the, when you come in to get your demolition permit and you pay a fee to get that permit, that fee ought to be put in a pot of money that would be used for the, for the staff and historic Columbia to keep identifying these properties and putting them into the process of review. Well, we might raise the permit fees. Howard, let me ask you that. So say we go through that process and this list is we ultimately end up with a list of 125 properties, whatever it is. And then there are these other properties that eventually may come on the list. What are you envisioning that process being? Well, I would say that it's nominated by somebody. I think the staff, historic Columbia, individual neighborhoods, an individual person may say I would like my house protected. And then the staff would see if that, if they met the criteria, which could be subjective and bring it to the planning commission with either a staff recommendation of yes or no. Staff's never going to turn that down. Come on. Well, yeah. And then then once the staff and the planning commission agrees to a list, then it goes to city council and city council. So you have review all the way through. So you're talking about doing it on an individual basis, individual piece of property basis. See how reasonable that is. Well, I mean, at the end of the day, all of this, there's a role and a reason for it. It all depends on what the criteria criteria right now. It's so broad brush that you really can pick anything we could make yesterday's historic because the bathtub has been out there for 40 years. But if you had a process. I mean, my point is that we have to be a lot more specific.  Well, how did that example affect the rest of Columbia? It can't just, well, we decide that this is an example. The veterans building up here on the corner for example. Nothing more. Is that the best or the first or the only example left of this type of architecture in Columbia? And how does the long term affect? Because the one thing we still have not talked about in all of this discussion is not only really digging into the criteria, but the financial effect that it puts on the working person. Because it's great to sit up on the hill and neighborhoods and point to people, we don't want you to do this as we build a new McMansion in our little lot, with special exceptions, but I don't want you to do that because there's a fine line here that we've crossed these historic neighborhoods where we don't do what I do, do what I tell you to do. This has become, there's a big line here that concerns me and I've heard it from a lot of people from a financial standpoint, is we got the have nots first thing, the have nots, the have's. And I don't want that to be there and we got to be careful. And it's proven in other cities that it's happened because it creates density problems and over historic preservation. It creates financial burdens. And so I think the one thing that we need to do is if this is the path that we're going down with what you're suggesting, then we really need to focus on what the criteria is not only for being eligible, but to what the criteria is that we're putting on that land of. Because, you know, I've heard a lot from folks, you know, I don't know how much we've heard about the Women's Club, but the reality is, is everybody knew what was eventually going to happen with the Women's Club for 10 years, but nobody stepped up to do it. Everything that we've done in preservation at this point has been a lot of reactive instead of proactive. And I think there is a way to be proactive. I think there's a way to vary cognizance of the buildings that have significant historic. But, you know, when I read, well, the work of an architect of local or natural importance, what does that mean? How does that get into the detail and how does that affect each person? And who's all the deciding? As long as we have a balanced process that allows the property owner and other interest parties to have equal say, but if it's just based on this criteria, well, no, we're not. It's a one-sided argument. My argument, Mr. Chairman, would be that if we have a process, like I am suggesting, where we, in present day, start reviewing these properties, that we could be more subjective rather than less subjective because it's going to go through a process. So I'm okay with these criteria that the staff has listed because it's not going to be just the staff that makes that decision. It's going to be the staff making the recommendation, then they would have to sell that to the Planning Commission, then they would have to sell that to the Council. And in the first instance, they would have to notify the property owner and the property owner. So what happens between the process then? Because this is where the line gets a little fuzzy and we're going to have to discuss it. So if we go, what happens to that property? We start that process and it's in the short process. Let's be realistic what we're talking about. So does the property owner seem not allowed to do anything with this property? Well, I think it would be a very rare instance that the property owner would have in mind as this process is starting. Well, I'm going to demolish this piece of property. Oh, I probably can name 15 pieces right now where people would do that because of the fear of the unknown. Well, there may be a corridor right not far from here where folks are debating that. And the reason some, let's be realistic with the cards on the table. The reason some of these corridors are being added to it is because we're trying to inhibit somebody from doing what they want to do based on a broad based criteria. That's why I don't think this criteria is, and even through the process is defined well enough. It's too broad based to be subjective. I think we can be broad based because I think there may be a period of time during a transition where people might be inclined to go out and carry down something before the process includes them. I think we will have to think through how that process would work. Maybe a letter of notification certified letter to the property owner that your property is going to be looked at. So are you preventing that person from altering, destroying, or doing anything for the next 120 days? Well, those are the questions you have to answer. During the transition period over to the new model of an individual piece of property, I would be willing to put some restrictions on it so that we would not have a mass bulldozer exercising the city of Columbia on properties that may be historic. But I think we can think through that detail. I don't think it would be a problem in the long run because you would have a process in place that would have already identified most of the properties and it would be a continuing process. I think that the landowner, even if 4103 McGregor was on the list and the next landowner wanted it off the list, I think they would be able to go through the process to see if the staff would recommend that it come off the list. Maybe I, as the present landowner, want to have it on the list so I can qualify for the bail-a-bill and tax credits, but the next landowner might not want that. So, as you said that earlier, I guess the question is, this list that we're contemplating isn't the only determining factor as to whether or not somebody would qualify for the bail-a-bill. No, not bail-a-bill. I guess, going to that point, as the current owner, if you want to preserve the house, you're going to preserve the house, you're not going to demolish it. Why would a current owner want to place it on the list to prohibit somebody in the future from demolishing it? That would be the tension we would have between the landowner and the city's need to be able to preserve some historic properties. And I think that the council and the planning commission would look at the real significance of that particular piece of property. If there is, if it does meet somebody's criteria, even though they're subjective in getting on the list, if they've been through, if they're suggested as being included on this list and go through that process, I think you can pretty well be assured that the staff, the planning commission and the city council are going to look to make sure that this is a significant piece of property that needs to be protected. Complete agreement. No. I promise you that's not the case. I think the councilman's recommendation is correct. You've got to go over these criteria to define the list. Look, I think we all know that there's, you know, I have to say I was a little shocked at 265 properties in a small area. I haven't seen that list. Where do y'all get that list? Right here. An email. You know, when you start looking at that, that's a significant amount of properties in a small area. I think you're right. Right, so you're talking about over 10%. Although I was. One area. You make it a significant amount. Oh, right. Well, in these multiple areas, yeah. But I will say that there have only been about six demolitions. We looked at the demolitions that have taken place over the last five years in these areas using the scenery criteria that we were developing. And then we have six that would have been reviewed. So with this very narrow criteria. Six would have been reviewed. And did you take that analysis for that out of those six? How many would have been denied? Well, we would have to have the study. I don't have the structure that we would have seen. It's like the Asian community behind the street. I had to go inside. We would have to have the study. I was going to tell you I was there. I used to pay my insurance there 25 years, 30, 40 years ago. I was scared to walk in. Okay, so it's 40 years ago. It felt like it. I've been paying it for so long. 30 years ago, yeah. So can I clarify what you're suggesting? Sure. To make sure we're all aware of the processes that it would be. In essence, you'd be applying somewhat of a demolition delay overlay. Over the whole city. Well, well to properties that would be come through. Planning commission and city council. And at that point in time, it would be designated as demolition delay. Not the whole city. I mean, the whole city would be for eligible properties, but only those that came through the process of being designated almost as if being designated a landmark. However, only designating them to demolition delay. Right. And then they have that designation. And then in the future, if they were to request demolition, it would go through our process. It would go through part of this process. And I agree with Mr. I recommend on that part, I think we need to change what the responsibility of the landowner is versus the responsibility of the city in determining the structural integrity of the building and all that sort of stuff. I don't think we ought to ask the landowner to hire an engineer or historical significance. I think that's our responsibility. If we want to save that building, we need to prove it to the landowner that there is an alternative other than demolition. They're going back just briefly then. So that initial assessment of trying to identify those properties. How do you envision that occurring? Because that's a lot of property to look at. Well, I think we already have lists available of properties that probably do qualify. And I think we've worked with Historic Columbia and the neighborhoods. I think the neighborhoods could probably do a pretty good job of identifying the significant buildings in their individual neighborhoods. And then they would go through a review. Do they meet any of these criteria? Although some of these criteria are subjective, by time it goes through the landowner, the staff, the planning commission and the city council, that subjectivity would have great scrutiny to it. So I think we can be more subjective than less subjective if it's going to go through a review process that I would envision. And it would be in batches if that's what you were saying. It would be continuous. It would be a fluid list, added to and subtracted as the building structure. Well, that brings up a question. So if you identify the... So what happens if a property owner says, you know, I mean, I absolutely do not agree with your perspective. Based on the historical, that's your opinion. Amy says this building is based on the masonry or whatever. Well, I disagree, because it's been painted 16 times in the last 50 years. Or, like a scenario, somebody brought my attention yesterday, which I never really thought of. They said, well, this building we know is on a list. And it's being... I think the criteria of being used was like he belonging to a group of buildings, which is a good example. But the historical, if you look at the building format of when it was created, it was created much later than the buildings that it's being grouped in. And so the question that comes is, well, it's an example, but it's not a real example. It's a fake. I think it's a review process. Well, I mean, but you say that, Howard, it's real easy to say because the criteria is so loose when you're putting multiple perspectives, I think. That's why I think that you've got to have the criteria very defined so that it doesn't become... Because what we say is historic could be nostalgic. Historic is something but really nostalgic. Let's use another example. The two houses on Forest Drive by Glenwood that are what you call that architecture. International stuff. International stuff. Those two houses are unique. I don't know if they're on any kind of protected list now, but let's say that... Historic, so that's a whole different, that's not a good example. Okay, how about the house on Divine Street that's got the big round window that used to have a piano sitting in it? Oh, you're talking about Kevin Fisher's house. Kevin Fisher's house, that's a unique property. It's not historic. It could be unique. In your opinion. My point is that people would say the Polkadot house that you need. You don't put the Polkadot house on there. There are examples, and I might have put a bad one there for Kevin Fisher's house, but there are examples of properties that are unique that the property owner might not particularly want that, but for the good of the city, if they're raised to a certain level, it might be for the good of the city that we put them on this list of reviews for demolition. Here's the great thing about this discussion. We all agree on the preservation we want all to do. We just have not been able to... And what is? I mean, I probably think that all of us would agree that everything that's eligible for a national review without a doubt, a 100% supported moving forward. Where we get issues, when we get down to C, D, E, and F, that don't talk about master and how it can treat either. I mean, this may not be a great example, but I think about things like artists like Jasper John.  But just because it was a local architect doesn't mean that that project is significant. It may have not played. I guess that's what I want to try to understand how you get down in that detail. All right, so this guy, he did, and it affected the long-term history of Columbia based on this. But if you went through this process, you would have staff review? You would have the peer review of the neighborhood first? You can't have a peer review. Well, this is the criteria. This is subjective. This is subjective. But it's not detailed. And it is typical of historic reviews. I mean, these are... Right, and that's why... Yeah. Look at the controversy in D.C. and all these other cities where it's become... They get 50 districts and this and that. And it's all in it, and it's becoming more and more court cases where it's proving that people are doing this not for historic reservation, but the downgrade zone. I mean, you have to balance it. Using, you know, this belonging of root buildings is a good example. So what happens if you're subjecting somebody else to that? So how does... I guess for me... I think the public debate on individual piece of property that may meet some of these criteria would come up with the right answer. It would have so many eyeballs on it, on the decision that you could bring up all of those objections but to try to be specific in the criteria that you get to look at a piece of property in the first place I think is going in the wrong direction. But it isn't. How would that... I'm not sure you can say that because you need to have a criteria that even gets you on the list. You can't just subjectively say 4203 Woodley Road built in 1952 by Walter Chandler. It's an example of whatever craftsman you want to say or whatever, but potentially somebody who lives in that house also had significance. It involved locally those factors create because based on this criteria it makes that... But that would... The subjective criteria would get the house, the piece of property up for debate. And through the debate process you could say, well no, that's not really significant. He was just a local architect that graduated from Clemson. You're kicking the school aside. The public debate would decide whether that was a significant piece of property or not. If you're going to have the neighborhood, the staff, the planning commission and the city council look at these lists and if there's any objection to a particular piece of property we're going to hear about it. And then we can say you can use all your arguments. It's not significant. It doesn't have the criteria. What would be the... Let's say a piece of property goes to... What do you envision? Do you go to circuit court if you disagree with county? If your property gets pushed so you go to circuit court? Yeah, it's similar to what you do with landmarks now. It's up to the city council to find out the designation in the end. And if they disagree with it they will disagree. Would they be able to appeal until they're hurt by demolition? Yeah, that's what I was about to say. I mean we're talking a lot about the front end of the process. But really any harm or potential harm doesn't kick in until someone is... The back end. Yeah, to be able to do something. So just because it's on the list, if no one ever comes to get a demolition permit for the property then it doesn't matter. What happens is when someone comes for the demolition permit and then what we're saying is that it doesn't mean that the permit won't be granted. It just means because they're on the list it elevates the review. And then through that review if we go through and that's where our tier is very important but if we go through the review and you find out well, you know, the cost to preserve it that there is no better use for property, et cetera, et cetera. I thought if it doesn't meet that criteria then the demolition permit then can be issued even though the property was on the list. So that goes back to the criteria. We've got to be tight, not just on the criteria to get on the list but the factors that are looked at whether or not it triggers the actual denial of the permit. And I would suggest that it would be less stringent on the criteria to get you on the list and more stringent on the criteria that delays you from getting the permit. Stomps you from getting the permit. No, I thought we'd say that y'all are part of the public. You can, as part of the public, you can... That's what we saw. Yeah. Supermajority. No, he's speaking. Mr. Chairman, I would suggest we hold that and look at that second part that I think you and I agree on and some of the criteria that's required of the landowner when the delay is granted. So I think probably the best process would be is to create the alternative in writing really specifically and split them side by side to go through them that way and then bring something forward the challenge that we have and know that there are folks in the community that we think everybody's against everything, which is not the challenge. But you know, when you go up, I think we want to have something very unique that preserves history for the same time and allows people to have the rights. This may be the process to do that where we kind of flush everything out, make it less subjective, I think it's still very important here. I'd love to one day be sitting next to a building that's been there for hundreds of years and then next to it's a nice modern building like you've seen a whole lot of other cities with that balance. Understanding we take a building, let's use a building, for example, right now, maybe in the hundreds, we're taking a building with a balance. How do we make sure that process, how does that affect people in their stores because we think they're having a vested interest? I've seen some very traveling a lot of ways. I've seen some very unique neighborhoods. We've got this really kind of cool, urban, modern house right next to a traditional craftsman house, which is really cool in the neighborhood and how that... I just want to make sure that as we're moving forward, we're not hindering our growth. Cutting our nose off is quite a waste of lack of better time based on criteria. So, you know, probably the best move forward for us to really deepen the discussion, but I think we all have a common goal. I think that we want to see reservations of balancing the ability to grow. We know now we struggle in growth. We are not growing. The hindrances that we're learning more about it, it's that structure of it's this, it's the process. The process, I think, is a big part of this. Better throwing those creams. Well, I wish we had some to throw in. You know, it's pretty sad. We're in the best economy that we've had in a long time. We have challenges that we've got to come overcome. I think the efforts that we are making are the group are important, but at the same time, we can't get lost in the tax credit structure or whatever, but understanding the process is at the end of the day, time is more valuable to all of us. And, you know, we struggle as it is now. So I think if we move forward, we can make sure that it's seamless and it doesn't create this, you know... This is my very interesting call from Mark Hood. I think Mark Hood is a very good example of a person who balances both. He's got Harvard and by a lot of historic buildings, we do it. And then he also does new construction. He's on both sides of it as an investor and owner and a construction guy. And he's like, the way this is written, I would be voted against it. And I probably invested the more historic properties downtown than a lot of people have. I think when you're hearing that, I think we do have to visit the criteria and the structure at the time. But also understand when we make this decision, the burden that we're putting on this side of the table, because there's only so much and so many staff, so we're going to have to address all of those as we move forward. It's not just about the board meetings, it's about staffing and execution and what that's going to entitle. But if we do this, if we implement this process, then there will be a certainty. If you know that you're, if you need a permit and you've already been designated as a property, they'll have to get the review of the demolition permit. You would know that up front now. I think that's it. I think what I heard you say was your intention, I guess. So if a property's already gone through, is it off? Or do people have the ability to keep pushing, trying to push it forward? So let's example. Just like zoning, you know, they come back. Yeah. It's me. So is there a cut off? So I mean for a property owner, I don't, right now I'm not assured that this process stopped because if there's a group of people who are convinced that my building is historic in their perspective, can they keep pushing it forward? I mean once you've been through the process, is the process over? I think it's always open for review because the property will change over time. But that also brings in why criteria is important because if the integrity of the property and everything over a period of time makes it not the example. And that's why I think knowing that it's the first, or it's the last, or it's the best, or it's a master architect are very significant small words that clearly define a path. One of the things that we can do, as you can see now, that might help, when we were going through these criteria. For instance, looking at significant architects. So when their names pop up, we want to look at what they've done. And maybe that building is not the best example of its kind, but at least it's the flag.  That's going to be a good idea to understand when you say significant what that significant is so that we understand from how you got to that point. Because once again, significance and historic is all about one's perspective. I mean, you literally could find a reason to make almost anything historic. I mean, look at Howard, he wanted to pick Kevin Fisher's house. I think that's unique. Unique is not historic. It could be. We'll start with the 50-year mark. It goes from there. But I think they're having examples of those and how you got there. I think it would be very helpful to help us look at the criteria because it would be a deeper dive. Yeah, and I can certainly do that. I don't think it's going to be possible for you to do it comprehensively. I think a couple of examples. One of the things I was reading in research was how certain properties play a significant role. That role really was greater because it had an effect all the way into what's cultural. That becomes a real debate. Especially in a culture today where it's all over the place. We've got people who want to erase history. We've got other people who want to parade it. There's no balance. History is what it is. But I guess understanding how we created the balance. Because I did worry about how it affects a very good amount. Which when you get over a bundle. I think that's where maybe your suggestion may play in to help us knock that down. Because one of the things that does happen is that you need to get rid of the purchase and grow in areas. And it does happen because you keep it up to that standard or whatever. So I think that's very interesting. And it may be a way that we don't end up in just blankets. You know, you really have focused it down to a significant property. I don't know how all that plays in with some of the neighborhood. Because if you've got a character. I still think we have to figure out a different way to deal with it. Because Shannon is not a historic neighborhood. They had interim measures. Let's be frank. The reason it was put in is we had a few developers who pushed the envelope. But at the same time, we don't need the character of the building to grow either. Things evolve. They change. And then we go to Shannon and pick out very distinct things. And then we also pick up things that are in the building. Certain people get to build back houses. Other people go in there. So I think crime has created a balance. But I do think that those folks, we have to come up with some kind of short-term delay. Not something that turns into, this is a lot more complicated process. Not for the same things that somebody would change. They want to have a building that's going on fire. And the things just don't get pulled out of that system. They're going to create a business in these districts. And the changes that I don't think we can put in our ways when we want to. They have the highest, I believe. Historic doesn't have all the middle. And so there's a process in it. There's things. I think there should be some change. I think there's some things that are subjective in there. But they've voted in a way that we feel like we have to be very careful that we can't just rip things. That there has to be some type of process. It doesn't stop projects. But there ought to be some type of dis-works in their situation. And I think we're going to have to be... Should be separate. The community character in the work of this is playing roles. I think it may actually confuse it more if you were to include properties in CC and DC districts. I mean, historic districts will know what they've got. Demolition is really the medium. So there's actually a higher level of protection in those districts than in them as well. If you were to change that, you don't want to be reducing their protection for a district. So from our perspective, it would be much cleaner out of this outside of the court. You want to look at the staff. I think that would be the best way in between that allows us to communicate with first. Because I think if we can have some stuff side-by-side and really get into it, then I think we can create some dialogue. We can create more public input. I think looking at it and understanding what the criteria is on all sides. What's the under responsibility? What's staff, city responsibility? On the back end. On both sides. Because you got to look at the criteria that also... Because in here, we're requiring these people to make these records. We're requiring them to do this. We're not going to do that. The way it is that people talk about what's a reasonable return. Besides that, reasonable in my eyes might be different than yours, but it's not your money. We've got to remember that we're talking about other people's investment and other people's money. People are at different levels. If you've got a historic structure that has been owned by the family for three years, that's why I'm having some of them under responsibility. I think that's right. If they're the developer, they're up-to-date. And if I'm not mistaken, that's a kind of issue. I think that's a good point. So, yeah, I'm very... That's why you looked at it. It wasn't wrong. At least, I think it wasn't for the real years. It's the reach of the workmen that is doing that. I agree with you. I think the economic burden on folks to generate some of these reports, if you know this is very standard language, is asking a lot. Because we've thought a long time about this, about what we might be asking. Very small property owners to do. But I think Mr. DeVallier's point, that maybe that's something that the city could assume, and these are turning out to be relatively rare instances of demolition, but that might be a helpful thing, if we have some, you know, some of the real estate products who are on stand-by for that kind of information, maybe that's something that the public wants to add, because I agree, it's not... Well, what you think over that, what made us really realize that the criteria was, how you can make this a lot smaller, about how it would be very certain. Yeah. And I think all three of us agree that that section of those ordinances would be rewritten, given the city the responsibility to prove to the property owner that it shouldn't be demolished because of these reasons. And I also think, though, if we do the pre-publication and have that list, then looking at the review process for the permit, it could probably shorten that timeframe because it would have been sort of a problem. I think it would have. One of the sticking points that I see in that is that we can do architectural surveys and we can figure that out. I think relatively quickly, depending on the size of the area and the staff availability and time, you know, architectural, what might mean for you, architectural history that takes the community to figure out on the rest of this. And it took many people a good bit of time to come up with the bare bones that we had right at the beginning because it requires research. So that's something that we're going to have to do to move it out and figure out how that could be sent to it or if it doesn't work. I would suggest that we send this back to the staff and try to come up with an alternative and go to number two on our agenda. Is it confirmed? So for the first part, we will draft something just as a process instead of a staff review as far as determining eligibility would be the process for things to go to plan efficiency. I think you should do a narrative of what you envision. When I say that from a sense, from a staff legal and all the different departments to write up a full audience until we've agreed on all the terms. So maybe y'all could take what's been discussed today and put it into a narrative that we can use as comparison and tweak all that before y'all run back and forth 16 times back because there's going to be a lot of input both for the public and us and I think that would be well spent putting it into how you envision it based on today's conversation and alternative before we give them the list which is what is this 8 version or 90 version I just think I think that would be much better for staff to provide community with that and we can really get into some discussion but in the meantime I would encourage us to committee to spend some more time thinking of the criteria reaching out to the view of the values together if it's okay also the staff analysis of resources what it would take to implement the decision that y'all have outlined that that basically speaks to how that would work and what it would make it work or maybe what I can do to send out to prior to seeing this just does actually not seem to y'all could have that prior I think it would be great if you could provide an example of we know what A and B is for example the C, D and E and F would be a great pay this is this is how I am doing this and this is how we face it okay because I think that would give us a better understanding of this gentry yes there's been some conversation over the last few months about challenges associated with development in Columbia and that we've worked together on incentives both for affordable housing and the parking that we're going to talk about tonight but as we've been asked to consider a study that would compare Columbia to other cities we wanted to develop a list for y'all's review and input the type of items that would be benchmarked this is really submitted as a draft for conversation purposes to make sure that we frame whatever study correctly I think what would be interesting is we did just a study maybe it's that group out of Asheville one of those that actually just takes our city and breaks it down I mean we've compared ourselves to a lot of different cities and there's so many different factors that play different but there is no exact comparison if you want to look at growth you can go to every city of the southeast right now and see it we'll struggle and I think we've identified one of our biggest challenges here is our tax base unfortunately the comparison that staff did, the Greenville and Charleston dictates it very clearly we got school and debt in Greenville at 190 mills in Columbia it's close to 400 mills the new bond in Richland too is going to put places in Columbia in District 2 up to close to 700 mills that's our challenge we've always thought it was purely the nonprofit piece which is part of it but I think we ought to be looking at our city is what's inhibiting our growth why are we not vertically growing where we already have infrastructure how we match up to ourselves is what I'm saying I mean we've looked at the way our properties are done have we taken advantage of you go to the capital city club and look out the window and you look around and you see a beautiful city but at the same time you also see tons of parking underutilized property in the center as well which would help kind of balance the challenges of being the capital city I think that's something we ought to look at where are our economic efforts going? Christa as the planning we always say we don't take as long but we're seeing more and more people going across the river because it's a lot easier to do the things that we could do internally because when I talk to staff we all have so many great ideas that never bubble up to the top and maybe if we focus on ourselves we would have a different outcome I think it's helpful to have comparisons I like the ones they suggested but I would also suggest a couple in South Carolina Charleston and Greenville right now and two of purely tax-driven and policy-driven but I think that would be a good comparison look at Rockadel you can see it but I think what we did we identified the other day that firm really could take a look at how we can balance that we have challenges which is I don't know how we address it but I think we can't make that call but I think you ought to make the information I'll make the recommendation the council as a whole won't want me to make that recognition to the full council call Sam and we'll have it we have some women yeah we have having it I'll give the information and present it at our next meeting I think if we could engage somebody and move forward that would be helpful especially as we're doing budget I think a lot of this stuff we have already a lot of this information so I think it's really taking a look from the tax base we saw I think would be interesting to what we can see is what is an in-state what are we doing that makes it easier to come out of here which we all know we've heard from everybody on the team that is scrapping as a challenge in-state is good it gives us great data but out-of-state as well because it tells us things that we can do or the challenges other cities even if it is something on the state level that needs to be changed and as we send our folks out to lobby and advocate for certain things we'll have to face it and do it but I mean also the tax structure as well I mean the there are in my conversations with some folks that don't see that amount of property not on tax rolls and you know raise revenue through other things that the state allows them to do and I think that maybe we need to look at it see that's one of the things that we discovered as well and that we looked at that but it still doesn't we have to figure out how do we create that challenge but we go up here and look at that and we try to bring it to balance in the same time not in danger because we wouldn't have all the people have what they're doing now if we didn't have so I think this is this would be great to that point not just that but we've talked about this before but for instance so that wouldn't be or anything that would have helped us change that percentage if we were able to get more properties that were on tax rolls but South Carolina our law limits us whereas North Carolina has more aggressive laws in regards to cities ability to grow so how do we pay here if we take a similar situation in the city of North Carolina and find out how are they able to do that if we have some real life examples on because of the way their taxation laws are the taxation laws it allows them to do things that we can't and as we say what our legislative agenda is and then I'll be saying okay we need to be pushing things on the state level and I think you all probably have to work to do just that way of the discussion of communication with the school district so hopefully maybe this bit of this as well I do think we ought to share the information that we gather so that everybody understands the challenge I think there's a well this is all an hour there but I think that's a little bit of a challenge it's going to be communicating it in a way that's just to understand the bigger picture I think there's a willingness to understand but there's also that in the school district standpoint we're supposed to recognize why what's behind their millage what it is how poverty has impacted the district etc. the programs that they outlined for you all the other night for those of you who are there there's a package that they sent back for you but it was an interesting conversation and I think that the challenges you all are facing with the growth of the development it all played together there's a lot of music and that's the military so I just put that on the table I'm curious to see that and that's why I think this is necessary well I think this would help better tell the story we decided to have a quarterly meeting with the school district and we would host the next one I think that's kind of what we were talking about I think it was a very productive meeting we talked about some serious things and we heard their reasons for some of their why they're out of the norm I won't go into it here but they do have some pretty good arguments of what pushes their high millage so I think we need to listen to them but it was a very productive meeting and we need to do it quarterly I think so and maybe to that point I've got some pieces of that conversation but very similar to the reason I missed the meeting is because I was in Jackson for National League of Cities and our meeting was really a lot very similar it was just about southern cities and the effect of our southern history on growth poverty equalizing other things one of the things we discussed was that if you understand some of the policies that were put in place historically we're still seeing the effects of those policies today and we might have to be a little bit more aggressive at the policies that we enact now trying to rectify some of those things because things are getting more farther apart than bringing things together and so to that point when you think about the school district from my understanding some of it is based on the level of services that they have to put together for the number of Title I schools that they have and some other things and poverty affects that so how do we understand what their challenge is but then are there things that we can do yet because ultimately the tax base is the tax base and the millage is going to help all of us so they got to be more programed but it's still our ability to see people to live in the city so I think it's a bigger conversation that hopefully we can have ongoing conversations especially as both of us are going into our budget well man I think it's just as equally as having a conversation you look at the proposal on the table you know 6% raised based on well if there's that much money without having to raise things why don't we get rebates on taxes for the property there's that much flush cash over there then you got the penny sales tax which I think now we're being asked to pay for greenway and this and that well where is that money going and then we're going to they're going to renegotiate and let those guys get retro raises for two years we need to have some frank conversations because there is close to what 1.6 billion dollars collected in this community if I was a group of tax payers I probably want to know where all that money is because I mean unfortunately we can say we have to be competitive this and that but you know a lot of new stadiums a lot of new buildings a lot of new this and that everywhere being bought and paid for but it's not elevating maybe I don't know but I do think but also I don't want people to feel that our willingness to sit down and talk is going to let us just back on I think we do as a city have to be more aggressive and making sure that because the citizens of Columbia pay more than anybody else in the whole county for everything and we always and we're the ones who are making the investments that they're all leaving the benefit for has not been a two way street and I'm going to tell you which one too is going to have a massive ripple effect on our community on the attractive bigger businesses that we have to locate out in those areas and I'll come here when we're about seven hundred so with that we're adjourned


Hi, YouTube family. Thank you so much for joining me today for this video We are going to be talking about mix-in mediums to your foundation Customizing foundation for your skin your undertone what looks best on you and the best way to do that with different products You know what you guys?  It just depends your makeup has to be customized to you That's why so many makeup companies right now are coming out with this huge shade range Because they're trying to encompass everybody, but I find that even then even when I really get really close to what I need I might need a little bit extra oomph in my makeup to make it look the way I want it to So I'm a big mixer and I love to do that what got me to do this video was this product right here This is the LA girl pro foundation mix-in pigment You guys saw this when I did my little tour of my vanity back here in the organization of my makeup And I had so many of you asked to please do a video about this and how I use it to change my Foundation and that's exactly what we're going to do today But we're also going to talk about what if your foundation is too light too dark What if it's too matte?  Then what do you do? Okay? I'm gonna start with the foundation that I have in my collection that I feel like is probably my most orange foundation And it's the LA girl pro coverage High definition long wear illuminating foundation now I do like this foundation, but this is definitely the wrong color for me It is very orange foundation and hopefully you will see it right there And when I get that spread across my skin it becomes such an orange mess on my skin And I can't wear it. I'm actually gonna put two lines of that foundation I'm gonna do one for demo so you can see the before and then I'm gonna do one for after Okay, so now we're gonna take the mix in pigment and I know that it takes about a half a pump to change this foundation But what I want you to do when you start is just take a very little bit of it So I'm gonna take like a drop like that in the middle of that foundation And then I'm going to start to mix it to try and get that color to go to cool tone instead of that Orange tone that it is now as I'm mixing it here I can see that yes, it is turning a little bit cooler, but it's not cool enough yet So I'm gonna put just a tiny drop more in there one more drop And then I'm gonna go ahead and mix that you can mix this in a pan A lot of people use a glass surface to mix it in you can do anything like that Okay, this is kind of spread out all over my hand But you'll get to see the difference of what I'm talking about so right here is the actual Original color very orange and then right here we turned it into something that looks a little bit gray But if you had a medium skin tone that was cool with a cool undertone that would look actually perfect Having a cool undertone does mean pink or a little bit more on the gray side And I know that sounds terrible. We don't want gray on our face But what I am wearing today is a very cool foundation So it makes sense that we would go that route to try and get the foundation to change now Obviously that wasn't my right color. It was too dark, but you get the general idea of that again I'm gonna take this found same foundation I'm gonna run a line of it on one side just for the purposes of seeing it and then I'm gonna get a little dot there Now what if my foundation is too dark? They have mixed in pigments from the matte side and then this is the illuminating one This is the white if it's too dark you take a pump of that and you work that in same way And you guys don't be afraid to mix these it's really easy to do you're going to come up with your own special brand of You know foundation look how much lighter that is than that right there It really does make a difference if you need to make it even lighter than that You go even lighter and take more of the white pigment So that is the easiest way to do it now. What if my foundation is too cool? They also have a yellow and an orange So you would kind of have to see where that's out if you have an olive complexion Then you definitely would want to go with the yellow or the orange and mix that in okay I also talked about what if it's too light the easiest way for me to take care of a light Foundation is to get one of my darker foundations and just mix it in that's really the easiest way But I do have these bronzing drops from temp to and I it's supposed to go in an airbrush system Which I don't have and I don't use but I have really liked having those drops to mix into my foundation To make it look just a little bit more dark this one I kind of made a mess with but you can see the light one right here and then the dark one right here So you can darken it up with bronzing pigments if you want to do that now What if it's too matte or what if I want a more dewy finish to it that one's pretty easy You can get any sort of a primer I have the Becca backlight filter that I use and I will put into any sort of a foundation It will help it to not be so thick and it will also help it to have more voluminous Finish to it also if you have one that is really thick and matte And you know it shows a lot of texture on your skin because of that You can put one drop of any oil that you have this one happens to be the argon oil that I have from the ordinary You can put one tiny drop and then thin that out a little bit I prefer to go this way if it's a matte one because this gives a little bit of luminosity now I know that elf has an illuminating primer And I know that a lot of company other companies are coming out with illuminating Premiers that aren't as expensive as this one. This just happens to be the one that I'm using up right now What if it doesn't have enough coverage now? That's always a good question if it doesn't have enough coverage. There's a couple of things that you can do to try My work might not okay color correcting is a bit a big thing I do have a color correcting video that I will link for you guys and you color correct your face Underneath before you put your foundation on and then it might have enough coverage for you because you've gone underneath it Color corrected any imperfections and then you can just put it over that You can just put your foundation over it in a thin layer now if that is not something that you like to do I don't recommend that you get a color correcting primer Those usually don't work that well because they shear out and you can hardly tell that they're even there But also obviously you can use your concealer Afterwards to kind of do a spot treatment of where you would need it The other thing that you can try this one is a little bit tricky because you really do have to use tiny amounts You can try putting in a little bit of your favorite setting powder into your foundation Anything that is a really good one that might have a little bit of color in it like the Maybelline fit me It comes in different colors So this might be a really good one to try if it's your perfect color You just need more coverage Try mixing in any sort of powder with it Just start out with a tiny tiny amount because if you get too much powder It's gonna end up looking too cakey and it's not a good look you guys know that the very best option is to put a very thin layer On and then see how it covers and then do another layer and see if it will build on itself in order to make your foundation Be just what you want it to be. Okay, you guys bottom line. Don't be afraid to mix your foundations I'm a big mixer. I hardly ever take one foundation and I'm happy with it I have to mix in different things to make it give my skin because I have different needs I have texture large pores. I have a lot of pigmentation on my cheeks I have age spots all that kind of good stuff all over the place So I really do have to mix different things in to get the right color the right tone And then the right darkness lightness coverage all of that good stuff I hope that this video did make sense if you guys have any questions at all about mixing things in Let me know in the comment section below. I'd be happy to answer any of your questions Please give this video a thumbs up If you do like these kinds of videos where I give you little tips on the best way to tweak your makeup So that you will look the best on you. I hope that you're all having a wonderful day Please take care of yourselves. Love you very much and I'll see you in my next video. Bye guys


Hey guys, it's MJ the students act tree and in this video. We're gonna be looking at short-term company finance So this is still with subject CT to chapter 2 and I have I've got some slides But they just text base so feel free to use this as an audio only Video so that further to do let's jump into the material I want to be talking about five various short-term Things that you can use to get finance for your company. They are bank overdraft trade credit Factoring bills of exchange and commercial paper Now let's start off with bank overdrafts. I think this is the one most people would be familiar with The idea here is that normally with a bank you go in and you put money in and That earns interest and whenever you need it you take that money out Now there can be situations specifically with businesses starting up and all this type of stuff where they have a lot of negative cash flows in the beginning and only so again the positive cash flows at the end and sometimes due to bad budgeting or Disasters or just ad hoc expenses companies find that they Don't have enough money and this is where the bank steps in and they say listen here guys We know you're gonna make money in the future. We're gonna provide you with your liquidity You can Overdraw the amount of money in your bank account however by doing so You do get quite a high interest rate is applied you do have to organize with the bank and It does very much depend on the relationship as the bank can recall that money at any time So you are a little bit at their mercy and this was very important to have a good relationship with your bank manager Also, they might limit the amount you can overdraft And they might limit the time period Next let's talk about trade credit now trade credit is quite interesting. This is where let's say I'm gonna buy something from Another company, you know as part of my supply chain Let's say I'm making shoes and I need to buy a whole bunch of leather in order to make my shoes Then what I can organize with the the company that's selling me the leather I can agree to get the leather now and only pay them in say 90 days time and This is good for me in the sense that you know for those 90 days Whatever money I could have spent on that can build up a little bit of interest But also this is a way to you know to help your cash flows and because you want to push the negative cash flows as far into the future as possible So that they're close or even after the positive cash flows So that you don't have a liquidity problem Although as you can imagine a lot of businesses Can default on these trade credits So I get the leather I make the shoes nobody buys the shoes I don't have enough money to pay back my leather supplier Which means the next time I come to my leather, they're not gonna offer me the trade credits again and Again, we're seeing how important relationships are with business because the better your relationship with them The longer you can get your trade credit period for and That's a big benefit for you And in most cases no explicit interest is charged and I mean it's becoming so common in industry That some businesses offer discounts if you pay in cash instead Now we're going to go on to something called factoring factoring is something I mean, I remember I was not very familiar with it Although we did cover it a little bit in school accounting And factoring is when let's say people come to my shop and they buy their shoes on credit Which means they buy the shoes today, but they're only going to pay me at the end of the month Um, this is not good for me in the sense that My positive cash flow is now being pushed into the future Although i'm prepared to do it In order to sell more shoes and you know, it's good for for customer service and customer satisfaction But now let's say I need that money Straight away what I can do is I can approach a third party and engage in factoring, which means I give up the rights to that credit sale in exchange for cash flow now And the reason why another company would do it is because I'd offer them a bit of a discount So if you it's it's normally used if you really need the cash flow and um, you know, you have a little bit of a liquidity problem You can Off off load it to a third party now. There's various types of factoring. There's non-recourse factoring and there's recourse factoring um, recourse factoring only provides early payments of invoices And non-recourse factoring is where the supplier sells on its trade debt To a factor in order to obtain cash payments of the accounts before their actual due dates So what this means is that factor then takes over all the responsibility for credit analysis of new accounts payment collections and credit loss But like I said factoring I guess if you you're in the business and you're trading you're a trader and all that stuff You'll be more familiar with factoring than I am um, let's talk about bills of exchange Okay bills of exchange. These are these are interesting things. I mean the definition of a bills of exchange um It is effectively a claim to the amount owned by a purchaser of goods on credit and it may be accepted by a bank This means that the bank guarantees payment against the bill to him ever holds the bill at maturity The bill can then be be sold to raise short-term finances Now when you think of So these bills of exchange they kind of have they've got two names on them They've got the company and they've got this investment bank who kind of Guarantees it so your bills of exchange are known as two name paper Because they carry the name of the company which owes the money and of the accepting bank And when that endorser is an eligible bank The bill is known as an eligible bill of exchange And that means it can be sold to the bank of England Although, you know, South Africa I wonder how The rules and regulations work with regards to that Like again, it's not saying that I've come across often of bills of exchanges there's also um So that's got two Two names on it. There's another one that just has one name on it. And that is a commercial paper And commercial paper is a single name form of short-term borrowing used by large companies It comes in the form of a bearer document for large denominations Which are issued at a discount and redeemed at par And the nice thing about a bearer document is whoever holds that piece of paper Can then exchange it for money So in a way, it's almost it's almost like the business or all these large businesses are printing Money in the sense that they're printing paper that have a value on that can be traded and it can be collected or exchanged for You know, real currency at a certain date But and companies are their companies can do this in order to to raise a whole bunch of short-term finance I mean these are I mean the time periods for them are quite short. I mean they can range anything from one week to to one year And they normally quite big denominations, you know, like five million rand A pop or or something like that So that is commercial paper Again, it's not something Small business owners would be dealing with it's more of a short-term finance for a large corporation So remember that in the exam if it's Always look at what company you're dealing with if they're saying how can this company raise finance If they are a small or medium term company Then commercial paper is not likely to be a viable option But still mention it and you'll get marked for saying that commercial paper is not viable for them But anyway, that's all we have time for on Short-term finances Thanks so much for listening and i'm going to be making a video on tax That's going to be a lot of fun tax is quite a quite a boring topic So I will try and spice it up a bit And i'm also going to be launching a video on artificial intelligence. So make sure you Check that one out. It's going to be it's going to be quite a fun video that one But yeah, thanks guys for listening and i'll see you next time. Cheers


Police launched a manhunt after a shooter killed two people and wounded a third in the Swiss alpine town of Schaun early on December 11.A 36-year-old man fired several shots in two parts of the town, police said initial research suggested he knew his victims, but investigators were still working on establishing his motive, police added, officers cordoned off the scene and set up a checkpoint, stopping and searching cars on the main road out of the surrounding southwestern canton of Vallée, the man was dangerous and the public should not approach or confront him, police said Switzerland has a high rate of gun ownership. The Swiss-based small arms survey research group estimates that in a country of around 9 million people, civilians own about 2.3 million firearms.


It's my product pick of the week this week. It is the Neopixel Featherwing. This is a featherwing with 32 RGB Neopixels on it. It plugs right into your feather or doubler-tripler quadrupler, and you can control it over pin 6 by default or cut that jumper and solder up any of the other GPIO pins, which means you can use it on pretty much any feather. You can see what's this one doing. Hey, this is based on some cool code that Liz wrote which takes in the PDM microphone. I have a little PDM microphone soldered there to the doubler. Brings in sound, converts it to light. So this is a sort of a meter. I have it just running up from 0 to 32 on the Neopixels there. You can probably see those colors a little better there with some diffusion there, some diffusion acrylic. Wow. Wow. Wow. Wow. Wow. There you go. Pretty cool. That right there is my product pick of the week this week. It is the Neopixel Featherwing.


Hey everyone, Dylan Schumacher, Sabdel Defense, and today we're gonna talk about bad ideas. So I saw this tweet recently here from Mike Sernovic. I don't know how to pronounce his name, honestly, so I apologize for butchering that. However, it was about some gun advice that he was just randomly handing out on Twitter, and this guy pops into my feet every once in a while. He's a general conservative, leaning guy. But this piece of advice was so horrible I wanted to make a video about it. And rather than just slamming it like, hey that's stupid, don't do it, I wanted to explain why it's a bad idea. So the tweet, which I will try to maybe put up right here, I had to read this a couple different times in order to actually understand what he was trying to say. But basically he's saying, instead of getting a real gun, get one of the guns they use to start foot races. You know, they shoot a gun in the air and that's what starts the foot race. And they fire blank cartridges, right? Because no one will get close enough to see if it's a real gun or not. And this is somewhat equivalent to Joe Biden's, just shoot two shotgun blasts off in the air and scare people. You wanna protect yourself, get a double barrel shotgun. Fire two blasts outside the house. I promise you, whoever's coming in is not gonna, you don't need an AR-15. You don't need 30 rounds to protect yourself. Buy a shotgun, buy a shotgun. And there's a reason this is a really bad idea. The reason behind why this is a very bad idea is because what you are relying on in that situation is intimidation, right? You have heard of fight or flight before, but if you've ever read on killing by Grossman, he talks about how there is fight, flight, intimidate, and freeze. There's kind of four different responses to deal with conflict. And the most common in the animal world, and you'll see this a lot, especially in inner city neighborhoods where gang rivalries are common, is intimidation. The most common response is intimidation.  So you're trying to intimidate as a way to avoid the fight, which is a really interesting psychology beyond that, because most people that are intimidating actually don't want to fight you. That's why they're intimidating you because they're trying to avoid the fight with their intimidation. So using guns as a self-defender in an intimidation manner, firing those two shotgun blasts in the air, giving them the old Joe Biden special, buy a shotgun, or using a not real gun to intimidate someone to make them think it's a real gun is a bad idea. And the reason that's a bad idea is because if they call your bluff, you're screwed. We don't want to rely on a psychological stop.    The other way we stop people, and the most sure way is a physical stop. They are physically incapable of continuing to try to kill you.  So that's typically the way we talk about self-defense gun use.  Intimidating people with guns is not a good idea. One, there's the whole legal trouble, whatever, whatever, but if you didn't meet the qualifications for lethal force and you pull out your gun, that's a different issue anyway. Different video, but what we wanna do is we want to make the other person physically incapable of trying to kill us. That's what we're talking about here in a self-defense situation. So the idea that you should use a gun or a fake gun or a water gun or a bottle of hairspray and a lighter or whatever, anything else, as an intimidation tool gets you in hot water because the mindset that puts you in is I'm trying to intimidate so I don't have to fight. Well, if the other person is there for a fight, they're not gonna care about your intimidation. The other problem with this is it puts you behind in the OODA loop if you're at all familiar with that, if you're not a different video, don't worry, you can look that up, but they're getting ahead of the OODA loop on you because they can orient the side and act and their action of actually pushing the fight is gonna reset your OODA loop because now you're not prepared to do that.  Using guns in general as an intimidation tool in a self-defense situation is a terrible idea. If you have a gun and you're not willing to use it, you should probably get something you are willing to use like pepper spray or Taze or whatever, and I don't recommend that, use a gun, be willing to use it. However, if you're saying I couldn't really shoot anybody, I'm only gonna pull up the gun, I'm gonna scare them with it, that's gonna get you in a potentially bad, bad situation. So we don't use guns as intimidation tools because one, it's not necessarily effective and two, it could go worse for you if you're not actually willing to fight. We want to train as self-defenders to be willing and ready to fight. If the fight comes to us, we're gonna finish it, right? That's probably heard that as a kid maybe, like you don't start fights, but you finish them kind of thing and that's essentially what the situation is. We're not gonna go out and start this fight, we're not gonna go out and continue this, but if someone is threatening my life, I am gonna be ready to fight all the way.  And that's why using guns as an intimidation tool is a terrible idea and Mr. Mike Sernovic or whatever should politely delete that tweet because to be frank, he doesn't know what he's talking about. Do brave deeds and endure.


Hey everyone, welcome to your beautiful Saturday and today we have a slight update that looks like it applies to Nintendo Switch 2 because there's not really a lot of reasons for this stuff to actually apply to Nintendo Switch itself. Now this does come from Nintendo and some hiring posts they have been putting up over the last week. So this is official things, like Nintendo is hiring people to do these things and these things lead to us discussing a feature that is not on Nintendo Switch but should be expected, at least based on these hiring posts to appear on Nintendo Switch 2. Now before I dive in, I wanna make sure to remind you that we are on a road to 150,000 subscribers. So if you're enjoying the content, I would appreciate if you would subscribe to the channel, drop a like on this video and maybe even ring that bell so you'll be notified of all future uploads. All right, let's take a look at this and I first gotta give credit to DocTray81 who initially brought this stuff up a few days ago and I really especially have to give him credit here because this like post is gone. It looks like Nintendo actually hired one for this first position. We have three different hiring posts to look at. So the one we're gonna look at here from a screenshot from DocTray's video says that Nintendo was hiring a contractor for a graphics engineer. Now in the description of duties for this job, you'll see here that it says testing of Nintendo's display functionality on different TVs and brands. You'll also notice like improving display graphics, implementing test cases to improve testing platforms, working with DevOps on CI automatic test issues and you know, the development role with automated test creation and infrastructure. But it's that first part where we're talking about testing of Nintendo's display functionality on different TVs and brands. Now they shouldn't really need to do this testing anymore for Nintendo Switch. There really isn't anything specialized that Nintendo Switch does. It's a pretty basic HD output, one that has existed for a long time. And obviously the product is seven years old, wouldn't really need to be testing that sort of thing anymore. But also, why would you need to test the display output for the new system on so many different TVs? Well, as DocTray concluded, and I now firmly believe myself, it has to probably do with HDR, which is high dynamic range, increased black levels and white levels and color accuracy and look, HDR is utterly amazing when it works correctly, of course. And the reason that we have to say when it works correctly is because there are a lot of different HDR formats and they massively vary TV to TV. So this is why you would need someone to come in to test display functionality on different TVs and brands because you need to make sure that the Nintendo Switch 2 with its HDR capabilities can look as good as possible on lots of various different TVs and brands. So it makes a lot of sense that this would be a post really sort of targeting the HDR spec. But we're not done because there are some other hiring posts out there, including this senior engineer for display technology and development. Literally, it has display right in the thing. So it does say that we are looking for a software engineer to join our display team. In this role, you will be providing technical leadership, engineering management, collaborating with software and hardware architects, designers and engineers to help develop software for display systems. And in the description of duties, you'll see architect design and implement display driver stack for use with current and future products, develop and refine existing and future display software stack to ensure compliance with various display standards and specifications, research and champion new features and technologies capable of being successfully deployed in a massively used gaming console and enhance overall picture quality through image processing and tone mapping techniques. Now that last part is really interesting because if you type in tone mapping into Google, what pops up? Well, tone mapping deals with reducing tonal values within an image to make them suitable to be viewed on a digital screen. And then HDR is often used in the examples for tone mapping because tone mapping is highly applicable to HDR outputs. So again, heavily, heavily inferring that this is yet another person in a slightly different role being hired to help Nintendo deal with display technologies, the software related to it and obviously dealing with, hey, they're not testing all the different TVs that's the other position that is no longer available and already been hired for but this is one dealing specifically with the software and in the tonal map techniques. Now, beyond all of that, we have yet another one and this one is for an engineer, display technology and development. So instead of a senior engineer, we just have a normal engineer in this display role and we are looking for a software engineer to join our display team very much the same definition stuff as the last time but the description of duties are only three, you know, three of them here. So we have developed prototypes and present research to other teams throughout the organization, participate in display software development and assist in testing the display software stack. So while this person isn't gonna be like personally responsible for tonal mapping and HDR, what is interesting is that they need to create the prototypes that they're actually gonna present to the rest of the company throughout the research of this stuff. So it all seems related because it's obviously dealing with display tech. Look guys, Nintendo is likely putting HDR and maybe as many HDR format compatibilities as they can into this system, whether it's Dolby Vision, HDR10, et cetera, et cetera, there are so many different types of HDR, so many different ways to try to support it. It'll be interesting to see how well the Nintendo Switch 2 is able to support HDR because when HDR is done well, it looks really, really good. But when it's done poorly, it is pretty bad and people often opt to turn it off in those bad cases. So yes, it is really important that this works well. HDR is amazing. Again, amazing when it's done right. And look, I absolutely love the HDR that we get on the Xbox and the PlayStation 5 right now. And it is something that I do noticefully miss when I do play Switch games on my nicer TVs. So it's gonna be interesting to see how this plays out. Of course, we don't really know how deep this HDR tech is gonna go. We do know obviously about DLSS at this point, Nintendo was even hiring people in the past for DLSS. So we sort of know that's gonna be there. How is obviously all this gonna work with the DLSS system? Is it not really gonna matter? Cause it's gonna be processed by something else. Well, I'm not the biggest tech hub when it comes to TV and display technology. So maybe somebody even more knowledgeable could explain how that processing works with HDR to me down below. All I know is Nintendo is clearly focusing on it and I'm really, really excited about it. And again, shout out again to Doctrate81 if you're not subscribed to his channel.  He is way on top of these hiring posts, posts on LinkedIn, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. He's very good with these research into hiring practices at these companies to discover things before they're actually announced. That being said, folks, I wanna thank you so much for being here. I am Nathaniel Rumpeljans from Nintendo Prime and I'm gonna catch you guys in that next video.


Let me now turn to you, Juliet, Dr. Juliet Toakley, with, I expect, an African perspective, please. Indeed, when the COVID-19 pandemic began, two things became very obvious, very clearly, to some of us who were located on the African continent. One was that the West seemed to have huge capacity, but little strategy. And we in Africa had a lot of strategy and little capacity. The second thing that was obvious was the importance of health as an important national strategic asset within our economies. The pandemic highlighted, as has been mentioned, health inequities that have been ongoing. Also, some other weaknesses in our systems, such as insufficiencies, inequalities, inequities, insufficiencies, and ineffective systems, as well as weak regional and domestic financing systems in order to procure appropriate medications and vaccines, etc. And the presence of often very asynchronous health regulatory policies throughout the continent. So each country in the continent had a different system to somebody else's different levels of regulation. It was very hard initially to work together. There was also a recognition, I think, as we dealt with the pandemic, having already dealt with Ebola, that Africa and how we responded to this pandemic represented an important strategic shift in health governance. And we were slowly acquiring what I might call a soft power rather than a hard power in negotiating around health governance issues. The role of philanthropies and civic societies in the health arena was also enormously important. United Way Worldwide, which I chair, raised over a billion dollars during the course of the past one and a half years, helping over 27 million people who were affected by the pandemic. This is not just in health, but allied to health needs. And I think yesterday, Honorable Amino Aminatu Toure mentioned the recognition of Africa and Africans own capabilities and the lack thereof. And some degree of confidence in recognizing it was now time for us to man up, so to speak, and start manufacturing our own medical pharmaceuticals and start developing medical programs and policies that work for us specifically. In addition, I think looking at the global stage, it's important that it's not just that we partner with other groups and agencies, but that we have equal status within those relationships. There has to be some equity in the partnerships here on, in terms of health and health governance, for us to be able to effectively be part of the solution and not part just of the problem within Africa regarding world health. I think that the local manufacturer of pharmaceuticals has already begun. I have to give a nod to the Louis Pasteur Institute in Senegal who have been doing enormous work, very impressive work, and serve as a beacon to many others. I think they also need more investment locally and probably more in some of our public health initiatives on site rather than externally. When one looks at the ratio of the monies that were actually given to Africa compared to what was raised for the world, we actually received very little and of the COVAX initiative, we've only received one-fifth of the vaccines that were originally pledged. So whilst people cite us for not having vaccinated enough persons on the continent, one must remember we haven't received anywhere near as many vaccines as we had anticipated. And finally, I would like here to say that this has been an excellent opportunity for recognition of the role of the diaspora of Africa in various capacities and in various roles. We have partnered in many of the global health initiatives that have occurred on the continent we are moving into important areas that impact global governance, global health governance, particularly in Africa. And here I am thinking of people such as my friend and sister Ngozi Okondariwala at the head of the World Trade Organization. But I must also cite locally placed African diaspora such as Dr. Nkeke Zong who ran an enormously effective African CDC on the continent itself and was largely very responsible for the effect efficiency with which we were able to work in Africa dealing with this pandemic. And then of course myself in both the medical and philanthropic arena trying to coordinate both. But there are many more of us and I think that we have to be recognized more as Africans themselves need to be recognized more on the global health arena. Thank you very much Juliette and thank you for emphasizing how remarkably Africa as a continent came together in building the response. And also thank you for focusing on how partnerships be them private public or private public. And of course when it comes to governance at the global level should be inclusive from the start. That's certainly a lesson that we had learned before but we hadn't taken from HIV from SARS from Ebola.