It is a noon hour folks, Ted Ralston here on January 4th, 2018, the first show of our next of this year coming up of our show where the drone leads at Think Tech Studios downtown Honolulu, momentarily transposed to Waimanalo Beach for the day here and welcoming on our show a great way to start the year is none other than Jim Williams, consultant of vast repute in the world of drones, Jim sitting in Washington DC and therefore all covered up with your winter finery and the snow piling up outside. Jim welcome to the show. Thanks, we're glad to be here. I bet you're glad to be here but that's that's cool. Anyway I just think for our show you know on this show we normally have a piece of technology on the table we talk about a particular issue but this time we're going to talk about what the year the last year has brought to us and what we see going ahead for this year in the world of drones because it's certainly a really active time, a lot of changes. In fact I heard today as I'm sure you heard a great sigh of relief at 1400 EST today as the world of drone people in the United States finally put down their pencils hit the submit button for the last time on the FAA IPP website for the solicitation for what is going to turn out to be a really interesting opportunity here for folks to think about how drones are going to enter their own life in the local and state jurisdictions which is something that we've all been thinking about but haven't really put pencil to paper and this is now that opportunity. So here it is the 4th of January and we've already exhausted ourselves like it feels like it's the middle of June already in terms of the effort put forth just since the first of the year but Jim welcome aboard again and from your perspective Jim what did you see is kind of a couple of highlights from last year that we ought to chat about as they set the stage for next year. When you asked me to be on this I went and looked at sort of a summary of what happened that was a big year for 2017 was a big year for drones and ups and downs you know the down was when we didn't we didn't get a rule for flyover people as we thought another down one was when registration went away but then it came back you know so a lot of us who believe that registering registering drones is a positive safety thing or we're glad to see that when Congress corrected the the issue that was that was very enjoyable. I think the highlight of drone operations as a low light for the country was the response to the to the heart case. I mean the FAA took you know pretty much a 180 degree turn from the way they'd handle disaster response and drone operations which was you know don't bother us with that we're too busy to let's see how many we can get in the air to help out and the responses were just amazing what was able to be done. If we talk about that that one event just for a minute that's enough to set the stage for a lot of activity in 2018. How is that how is the total result of that experiment if you will or that exercise for real how was that being pulled together being distilled being assessed and and the good and the bad being sorted out and how was that informing the future that particular six-week long event. Well the the biggest barrier previously for use of drones post disasters was the fact that they weren't integrated into the normal disaster response airborne activities. What happened in 2017 was that they were given the opportunity to be integrated in and a lot of lessons were learned a lot of state and local FEMA type organizations have written policies now about you know how they go about doing it who who helps whom how the they can hire people to come in and do work for the states for the local governments to help assess and then also how to integrate the commercial ops because one of the big users was the big insurance companies they wanted to know what their liabilities were and it helped them to give people compensation a lot faster than they could have otherwise so it was good for the people it's good for the governments I mean and and they learned a lot less about how to how to make things go better next time around so it's uh you know it's a really upside all around I mean in a you know in a very sad situation but it was a good good thing for the drone world. Well that's a good thing not just for the drone world but the people who benefited from the use of drones in that response but so so once again the question comes where would you think the center of information collection is at DHS perhaps or maybe we should do turn to our friends right down the street at the National Disaster Preparedness Training Center and ask the same question to them in fact we can do that we can call them up and get them up here for the next week show and talk about that in particular as it applies here in Hawaii but good idea you know how do we how do we harvest the value out of something like that that and I'm sorry to ask the question again but I think that's a really important thing for us all to figure out because certainly the manufacturers the people and the in the various standards committees and things like this would have no end of value if they could get access to whatever the compiled total result is from those events. Well the only one that I'm really familiar with is what went on in Texas because the the head of the Texas test site just happens to be a classmate of mine from Georgia Tech and we stay in touch and he he told me that they led the effort for the state of Texas and the state of Texas emergency management agency coordinated everything and they they work with them but they also connected directly into the regional office of the federal FEMA organization there are regional offices there there's one in Texas and they coordinated closely with them so DHS is is where it is coming together at the at the national level you know I don't know if Florida did the same thing but I would assume that they they would have given that and the FAA was in the middle so the FAA collected a lot of those lessons learned when it came to airspace management and how to manage the the manned aircraft and the unmanned aircraft at the same time in the same airspace to accomplish the permission so that's pretty cool in fact that when you said that the FAA in the middle action acting as the airspace manager that almost sounds like EAA which is another good example of really complex air interaction it would be cool I just just thought about this but at EAA generate a UAV function that requires integrating of the airspace operations at in Wisconsin in the in June that would be a really learning a great learning experience you know I wouldn't surprise me if they hadn't already done that if I remember correctly it was either last year the year before they actually flew a unmanned aircraft in and out but I don't remember exactly the details but I thought they may have already done that they're usually on the cutting edge doing that kind of stuff well you know it's it's I again belayering this issue but it's a lot of value in it I know that when we had when the hurricanes hit certain of our agencies here in Hawaii that operate drones like the power company and such asked the question how do we help how can we how can we take our stuff load it in the airplane get over there and help these guys out and we I put vectors into the people I knew but it turns out we didn't really have a easy channel in a place to call I was no 911 number to call to say how do I bring my drone into this game so maybe one of the things coming out of this would be some way that we have a national registry or some means of putting the the need statement forward and then having people be able to respond to it with some level of certification that would be kind of the ultimate goal here and we could actually mimic that at the at the local level that is it doesn't have to be a national issue it can be very much a local issue as well so but that's that's what happened in Texas is that they have set up now in the state of Texas coordinated by the the Texas version emergency management folks to do just that where they they do have a way to coordinate the activities and they who know who's who's available and who isn't like stuff so it's it's happening that's that's a good idea well I again I will take the story right down the street to the folks here at NDPTC national disaster preparedness training center and see if it isn't material for writing a couple of papers on that that is bring these things together and apply it here in Hawaii anyway that was a major event last year unplanned and and great value coming out of it but there was a lot of planned activities also there was the DCA out of our TCA there was F-38 moving forward and generating standards on the technical side jim what's your view of how that is all proceeding and and once again how do we all tap into it well the biggest technical barriers when I started working unmanned aircraft in general were detective avoid in other words how to stop running that other aircraft especially manned aircraft and how to how to have a secure safe and secure command and control link so those were the big technical challenges and we needed standards so while I was at the FAA I helped kick off the the standards body so last year was a big year for them because they all they published the first versions of a detective avoid standard and a command and control standard so that now companies have a much clearer path to obtain FAA certifications for unmanned aircraft to operate unrestricted in the mass the FAA conducted a safety risk assessment that put out their their portion of the of the documents needed to make those things real so you know by the end of the year we actually had a path forward for detective avoid and approving a command control link as well so that was a big big step forward for the industry the beyond visual out of sight portion of the industry and what that'll now turn into is the engineering activity to figure out how to execute with those standards in mind and keep the cost down keep the reliability up and keep cybersecurity in the game so nobody can interfere with you there's a this this is actually a a technical version of what we just described in the operational side to the hurricane so we have both an operational and a technical point of view that'll take us into next year with some sound guidance but this will also result in changes in the technology that is we're going to have to do something in the in the c2 link area to think about interference and think about the the topographical effect and urban canyon effect on multi-path there's just no end of factors that are going to affect that communications channel that are going to be important here but those are those are technology issues that have been you know work for years and i'm confident that they're you know relatively easy in comparison to the to the policy issues that were really holding the industry back so i'm confident i'm much more confident than the engineers and i am in the bureaucrat let's say okay we defined the problem right the engineers can take a crack at it and start working working on a piece of time i can tell you we certainly found here in hawaii that the all the work taking place on the in the public unlicensed channels can be heavily influenced by urban uh rf noise in the 2.4 gigahertz band and such all the cell phones going off on the printers and the routers and such can really give you a rf background that is tough for the drones to penetrate and unlike what you find out in the in the open field so there's certainly uh a lot of work to be done in establishing really resolute and and durable schemes that operate in these complex environments and we need a on on the on the ground control indicator we need an analog dial of some kind that gives you a relative value of your ability to actually operate in this area and uh some some kind of an alert to the there's a kind of a human factors going on here too alert to the operator as to when there's a problem because these problems can especially rfi those problems can be switched on and off daytime is going to be one thing when all the businesses are up nighttime is different when things are shut down so this will be a most interesting uh a challenge as we move drones into the core of the urban quarter right kristin then that raises up one of the other big things that cropped up last year which is the remote identification and drones colliding with with manned aircraft which all sort of fits together in the general you know airspace security kind of questions and we had our but we unfortunately had our first um recorded you know confirmed collision between a drone and a manned aircraft up in new york city it didn't get i didn't think it got that much news coverage but the reporters i talked to seemed to think that it was but there was a uh during the uh u n one of the u n meetings i think it was a general assembly meeting there were helicopters flying all over the place and one a black Hawk collided with a um a dji fan i'm flown from a guy who was who was outside of the tfr but flew into the tfr and had of course he had no idea there was a tfr and it hit the hit the rotor and was thrown into the aircraft so there were pieces of it that were left on board that's and from the motor that they found wedged in the helicopter they were able to track down the individual who was flying and um let's just say that it's you know it was a very bad day for him because the the ntsb report came out and identified you know that it was all his fault and he was you know all of these things you can go look up the ntsb reports out publicly and i just that the faa is going to fall on that poor guy like a ton of bricks it's it's a bad day but the good news is nothing really significant happened to the helicopter i mean it's the black Hawk designed for combat of course so it was pretty pretty resilient but in along with that our friends in um Mississippi state at the faa center of excellence published data on you know what their studies show what impact would be if a drone hit a manned aircraft and it wasn't you know it it wasn't catastrophic i mean that was the good news was that yeah the air the air carrier would be very unhappy because they would have to be spending money to fix their aircraft but it wasn't going to cause damage that would result in you know anything other than than potentially a unscheduled landing so on that front we learned a lot and uh you know we're moving forward as a result so hopefully this year we'll see a remote identification and a flight over people will come out of the faa let's uh let's pick up that thread of what we learned last year how that's going to go forward and and take a forecast on what is going to happen next year after we get back from our one minute break aloha kakau i am andrea i am from italy and i've been studying and working here in havae for more than three years for my phd havae is home to a truly fantastic community of middle and high school students and did you know some of them are currently out there right now using their free time to invent new quantum computers and did you know some of them are exploring cyber security and the new frontiers of robotics i am just always amazed as i talk to them at science fairs oh but there's more did you know that these students are coming here on think tech hawaii to share their story with us come and join the new young talents making way show and discover how these students are shaping our future starting on february the sixth every tuesday at 11 am only here at think tech hawaii mahalo it is still the noon hour folks in on thursday in honolulu and the evening hour in washington dc where jim williams is standing by on our show where the drone leads where the first show of the year and it's it's so great to have jim williams on who's been involved in the evolution of drone regulation thinking education promotion and and defense for so many years and now can't quite seem to really be retired and is continuing on in retirement in that same light so jim let's let's just talk about your work a little bit how that is going for you and your new self occupied role and then talk about what how this is all leading into the future what we're going to see in drone activity drone major issues coming up in 2018 well i refer to it as my on-core career okay because i'm not retired i'm working pretty much full time every day surprisingly there are there are a lot of people out there who need needed my advice and help and and i tell you it's just you know living the dream i'm working on really really exciting fun stuff uh and and helping move the industry forward at the same time and getting paid to do it so you know that's i couldn't be happier the even even the you know near blizzard going on outside it's still a good day here here in northern virginia so you are fully occupied now but people could still get a hold of you how do they get a hold of you if they want to take you on to help them with some particular issue uh best way is via the email and you guys had my email address up earlier but it's a gym at jhwunmansolutions.com i have a website you can find me at jhwunmansolutions and you know either either way will get me i'm happy to help anybody out and i'm not cheap but i'm reasonable okay and so again thinking in terms of the major events that are going to occur this year we've already had one today again today july january fourth the fourth day of the year and a major event occurred when everybody across the country put in their submissions on this f a a ipp proposal we got two two active activities in terms of airspace integration going on 400 feet and below which is the f a ipp and we have the nasa uh s i o which is 500 feet and above we've got two major activities are and they're marching off on the same schedule they both end the month before the election in 2020 and so we still have utm is still still truck ahead as well right now demonstrating that concept so this again this uh 2018 is going to be even bigger year than 2017 so what i think those you know the two things you mentioned the the ipps which you know the test sites were a great thing and they they achieved their goals but all the test sites wanted to get into commercial operations and so constantly you know this is this is the next logical step the ipp provides the the way to help communities start doing commercial operations you know either states or locals and and it builds a partnership between the governments the state local governments and those commercial entities that want to want to go to work so we can hopefully help overcome some of the the more negative aspects of drone operations through the ipp and i think that's sort of the subtext if you you read between the lines on that both the presidential memo and and the solicitation you see that they're also interested about community involvement how you're going to do with privacy how you're going to deal with responsibilities between the the state local and federal so it's uh it's a good step forward and again be exciting to see who wins i mean it's it's going to be really big news when that when that comes down for those who may not be quite familiar with it let's just unwrap that just a little bit that's a what we're referring to here is the uas integration pilot program is for the state and local or tribal jurisdictions to figure out how to start managing the total enterprise at 400 feet or 200 feet and below your choice and make sure that the local values are included and local risks and considerations are included in terms of privacy protection all the things we're familiar with as well as air safety which is going to be still a mandate of the faa and put this into an operating system operating structure that can be tested in the local environment and and produce value at the end that that's an incredible handover from what would normally be a heavily federally designed system over to a lot of local orientation so the you know the the story we tell is that we've been whining and fussing all along saying faa and all you federal guys you don't understand what takes place here at the local level so finally after hearing that enough they said okay you guys figure it out so be careful what you wish for because it may come your way so now we have to execute that and and we have to do it on public private partnership funds because there's no money coming from the faa at least on this phase so this is a most interesting thing ultimately it's going to have to rest on the value to the commercial entities if they see value in it and there's a return on investment then that will be what will drive them in this to participate in this direction but the thing that goes through my mind on this gym is that these interactions and these these uh these tests will take place but with systems that are basically uh currently available so these systems won't necessarily have benefited from any of the work going on in rtca or or f38 astm at this point in time because the manufacturers haven't caught on with that yet so we're still dealing with public unlicensed network communications we're still dealing with single string reliability we're still dealing with really non-certified systems and and uh so it can only get better as the certification systems click in and as the as the requirements become more standardized so we can expect failure we can expect less than perfect operations because we don't have robustness and and and durability necessarily baked into the the scheme today so it it's uh kind of going in parallel the figure out how to work the jurisdictional control and as the technology is coming up as the regulations are moving forward and uh uh just you have to pay attention to it every minute in order to see what's actually going on but uh by the way i saw the ipt is is the f a trying to you know i think the the teams that will win are the ones that bring together those commercial activities who want to certify an aircraft who want to use uh certified communications set up specifically for unmanned aircraft with a community who is also looking to enable that and and deal with the underlying issues at state and local level so you know i i see it as the f a trying to bring those things together and potentially accelerate that integration and implementation of those technologies that were sort of enabled by the standards that are being enabled by the astm standards but to me the whole point is to kind of bring converge that do not run parallel but converge with these things and you know that's a really interesting point there's another analogy that fits here just as uh i mean f a has a community involvement manual that's used to define how to bring new technology to the to the awareness of the public and make it work in the same sense f a has used that manual to generate this ipp program because it is the community being involved here now as the state and local and tribal jurisdictional governments and so it's uh it is kind of like a parallel universe and a lot of going on and you have to make sure that you're looking left and looking right as well as looking straight ahead because there's a lot of development that's going to happen in parallel now we switch gears to 500 feet and above different equipment different mentalities and everything else and uh so the the nasa sio program is going to seek to integrate all the way up to class a airspace at 18 000 feet uh operations uh to kind of normalize air ops uh in the in the normally translated airplane areas uh how do you see that coming along to them well their objective is to do everything they can to enable certification of aircraft to fly in that space uh i went to their their one-day meeting as as did you i know you listened intently and they you know i think they're really the subtext is we we want to enable certified aircraft operations however we can we're going to share all our research we're going to help make airspace available for testing you know we're going to matchmake between companies and and uh operators and you know so everything they can do with the power of nasa behind them they're trying to do to help accelerate that certified aircraft because it's really the the last barrier remaining from routine beyond visual line of sight operation is a certified aircraft so nasa is trying to do what they can with their limited funds to to help enable that and and i thought it was just a you know a great program with a great plan and i hope a lot of folks in the industry will participate you know i was struck by the by the quality of the people and the speakers who were present at that meeting that you and i both attended two days worth it was uh uh the people were were not just giving a pitch they given before this this material was was fresh and new there's like 150 pages worth of the best collection of material that covers all aspects of uh of uas uh regulatory oriented development and i thought that's a good library of reference material but uh also the idea of uh nasa kind of saying hey we're nasa but we need your help and just like in the ipp f a saying we're f a but we need your help so we got two really cool vectors going on this year they're going to look at at how this all works and um so uh once again jim we'll we'll we'll uh plan to get you on at mid-year when you can you can don't have to wear a jacket in your coat you can wear a an aloha shirt or a Hawaiian shirt yeah and uh we'll take take a tab halfway through the year on how things are moving but at this point i want to thank you very much for taking the afternoon hour for us uh out of your time in dc and hope people get a hold of you from your website when they have needs for hiring a a top gun uh guy who can come in and work on uh uas programs for them and we'll all i'm sure see each other uh as the as the f a program and the nasa program unfold in the future yep that's going to be a great year all right you'll be sure will it's starting out then a bag already okay thanks very much jim for being on the show and folks we'll see you next thursday


Everybody forced here ripping one box of 2022 prism racing hobby for Daniel H. Here we go Daniel Let's see what you got.  I apologize, but I do not follow NASCAR too much All right, autumn the first pack is a Martin Truex, Jr. He's been around a while. I know that Silver Martin Truex, Jr. Got a keselowski like a navy not numbered. It's completely Silver Kyle Busch I know One of my roommates used to hate Kyle Busch. So is he like a problem or something? Is he like an issue? Brilliant silver Richard Petty a red white blue Haley Deegan I know she was a big name when she was a rookie Got iconic Bill Elliott's on the purple velocity. It looks like the 199 That hair though, uh Truex again silver Denny Hamlin That's funny. Two people said everybody hates Kyle Busch And in both chats simultaneously get Buford auto to 75 Jade Buford Kyle Larson green mosaic And Eric Almerola orange mosaic Ross Chastain Silver Sam Meyer So is there a big rookie in this uh like NASCAR product? I would say Now that now that you guys are in chat there's Earnhardt, Jr. It's a 99 Nice Dale Danica red not numbered Dude a manga would be sick manga anything I'm all about. I hope they put him in basketball this year There is a Thad of Moffitt Silverado He's a fan of the stone temple pilots apparently Tyler Redick on the blue Silver Austin Dillon Illumination rookie Stenhouse a Sammy Smith rookie red white blue Got a disco Denny Hamlin It's a 75 disco Denny Tony Stewart San Santino ferrucci That sounds like an f1 name not a NASCAR name A Nick Sanchez out on a 25 It'll be the fourth auto right there to 25 on that one Danica icons green mosaic Non-numbered what is that that's sick Jeff Gordon. What is this called dude? I love that that's awesome. Is that some sort of short print? $1 bill y'all what is that dude? That is nice. I like that Ryan Blaney Jeff Gordon It's called stacks Dude, no, oh, it's called stacks That's fire.  All right, that'll do it Thanks again, Daniel. We'll get these out to you


This session is about views, field plugins, and I am Jibran Jhaaz, I am from Pakistan, and I work for previous Next in Sydney, Australia. I'm a core contributor, I'm a maintainer of contact module and shortcut module in Drupal 8. I also maintain various Drupal 8 views plugins in core, in contribe. So who here doesn't know about views? No? So, if I ask what is views, how are you going to describe that? What is a views module for you? Yeah, so the best answer I always come up with is it's a Curie building tool, like you build a Curie and then you fetch the data from database and you just display it in different formats like blog, page, panels, or whatever display you can imagine, right? So it's kind of an awesome thing about views. So then there are field plugins in Drupal, views, field plugins in Drupal in views. So do you know about views, field plugins? Because if you are, you might have not known them but you have been using them for quite a while, right? Because if you are building a view, you are adding fields and you are moving fields. So this bit over here in the views UI, these are all views, field plugins. So these are the fields we get from the database and we display in a proper format using the views, field plugins. So this talk is actually influenced by the whole new entity API and field API because if you are working with views, views, fields are there forever from the beginning of time. So but in Drupal 8, it's a bit different for entity fields and it's bit different for the fields or all the other fields which we are showing using the data table from the database. So during the development cycle of Drupal 8, we created the whole new entity API system. Initially, we called it entity ng, the next generation and we then removed the old Drupal 7 entity API system and we built the fields API on that. During that, we were also porting views from Drupal 7 to Drupal 8 as well and it was kind of a straight port but when we completed the field API system, we improved the whole rendering of entity fields in views, field plugins. So this session is actually about that thing. So in Drupal 8, we have the concept of content entities and config entities and now the view modes are the config entities and you can create them run time, you can configure them run times and you can configure your displays and you can destroy them and you can add components to them, you can remove components to them, you can change the display of the components as you like. So view display was the main thing which was the reason behind we were able to tackle this views field display, views field differently. So I did a theoretical version of this session in Drupal Camp Sydney but it was pretty theoretical so I am trying to make it interactive here. So it's kind of, you know, interactive session so try to enjoy it. So as a kid growing up in 80s, I was pretty obsessed with Voltron. So this presentation is going to be about building a Voltron, okay? So who doesn't know about anything about Voltron? Oh, a lot of people. So Voltron was a giant warrior robot, it was the savior of the universe.  So it consists of five lines which are also a robot but they are also controlled by their pilots called Pelidons. So if I look at it as a 12-per-point-of-view, so I'll see a Voltron as a giant warrior robot and which consists of five different lines and the lines are the same but they have different qualities. So one line is, you know, for the core of Voltron, other two are for the hand and then the rest of the two are for the feet of Voltron. So then they all have the Pelidons as well, which are the pilots which are, which who controls the, they control the Voltron as well. So in Drupal terms, if we talk about this, like, Voltron is a view, right? Don't you agree? Yeah, so it consists of five nodes, like, you know, which are the lines, and it's because everything is a line, so the building block is a line, so it is a single, you know, it consists of single entity type, right? Or content type, right? So, and then we have entity reference or user reference to Pelidons or called Pelidon entity as well, right? So we build, we can build a view from these lines and we can build a Voltron out of that, right? So let's do that. So first of all, we add a simple line content type and then we wanted to create a field display. We can create an entity display as well, right? We have lines, we can render them as it is. But if we'll try to render them as it is, we'll end up with something like this. It is not a Voltron, yeah, right? So this is the raw entity view output we'll get when we display the view, right? Do you agree with that? Yeah, but we want something like this. So to build this, what we do is, like, let's start with the head of the Voltron, okay? So now if we go into the views UI, we build a proper query with all the fields and all the sorting criterias and we want to add all the filter criterias and relationship, whatever we want to add. So let's build a query and we build a query and the query is there. We fetch the data from the database for this query and we get five different sets of fields, right? Which we want to render. So each data set represents a row or an entity which we are getting from that line. So now we are going to render this Voltron step by step. So in views, when we try to fetch the query result, we also fetch the whole entity as well because entity caching is built-in in Drupal 8. It's not a big, costly operation because we are just fetching it from the cache directly. So then we try to render the head, which is the first field, and we call this class Entity Field Renderer. So I'm going to get in more details with Entity Field Renderer as well after this on the next slide. But Entity Field Renderer just gets that field and all five data sets which we fetched from the database. So after fetching that, Entity Field Renderer just renders everything, all the five data sets, not just the particular field. So it renders everything on the data set and all the entities in the data set and then just return that particular and then cache that render array. So it's a render array of fields and then you just cache it and return the first field. So the rendering, what we are doing here is from using the entity view modes and entity view displays, config entities, using config entities. So Entity Renderer is just a bridge between the view field plugin of entity field display between the entity field. So let me rephrase that. So Entity Field Renderer is a bridge between the field plugin of views and the display mode. So let's get into the more detail of Entity Field Renderer. So it just renders all the field values of an entity. It is there only for entities.  So you can almost render anything with this. And then these are all nodes, line nodes. So this is a single relationship. If we want to add a relationship with a user or a paladin, we have to initiate new Entity Field Renderer and it will render all the fields related to that specific entity type or entity. So if we are building a multilingual view, it will also handle the multilingual entity rendering as well because we just have to pass the language parameter to the entity display mode. So once we get a field, once you get the order to display a field, it just sends the field to Entity Field Renderer. And all the data set is also passed to Entity Field Renderer. And it is then classified by entity type base and then we render all the entity types all together. So if we want to render, let's say, a lines and a block post together, so we'll render all the lines at once and then all the block post at once. And we'll keep them in the static cache. And for all the other fields, this will happen on a single time in the field of use execution for per page or per display. And for the next time, we just use the static cache result and we just show that. So what we'll end up having is something like this because we have all the fields and they are in some form and we haven't properly rendered those, but we got them in a proper format. We are using a proper formator for them. So after passing them to Render API or Drupal, we'll end up finally building up Voltron, OK? So here are some quick FAQs about, like this is the main thing I wanted to cover about Entity Field Renderer in Views plugin because we are leveraging three subsystems, not one. Like we were leveraging Entity API. We are leveraging the Field API. And we are leveraging the ViewModes as well. So three subsystems are coming together and they are just displaying the output. So which use field plugins comes with Core? So all the Entity fields are rendered by one plugin, which is the field plugin, Entity field plugin.  All you have to do is just map your data according to that and you are ready to use them in Views UI. So you can also, because of this Entity field rendering, you can also use these four matters for Entity properties and even for the field properties. Like Entity properties are called base field in Drupal 8. Node has a status property and now it is a base field which is a status base field and it is a boolean. And you can render it as an actual field. So because we are leveraging the view modes and view displays, so it's nothing different for views as compared to the config field and as compared to the field property. So Entity properties. So when we think about field properties, like Entity reference has a field property target ID and Entity reference is a field property of Entity as well, which is a computed field. So we can either render the Entity which is a computed field in a proper format or we can render target ID as Entity as a simple ID as a string or in whatever way or whatever format we support. And if we want to add, use different other properties, like image field has FIDs and URIs. So we want to display the URIs so we'll create a new formatter which in core we already are doing. And these views for these field formators are only used by fields for views fields. No other field is using that. No other display mode can use that. You can only use them in views because you just want to show the URI, this particular information. So when to create a new field plugin? So whenever you are creating a new field or whenever you are creating a new data type which already exists, if you are creating a new field and it is relying on existing data types which exist in Drupal 8, you don't have to bother about this. You just have to create a mapping for that. That it's a field and this data type is this and views will handle that automatically because the data type already exists in Drupal 8. But if you are adding a new data type, then you have to add a new field plugin. Or if you just want a computed field, like you want to show another view as a field. So it's totally doable. So you can totally do that as well. You can show another computed field if you want to show just node link, which is not a property or node-based field or any field item. So you can create that as well. And core comes with that. But let's discuss about if I want to show a particular view in a row of views field. So what you do is you create a, I think the contrast is not good, can you see that? So you create a hook views data or views data alter and you create a mapping and you add a field to that. So the main thing to notice here is the ID of the plugin. So the ID of the plugin is view. So now we are going to add a views field plugin with this same ID. And we are going to drop that in our source plugin views fields in directory, views field directory. Because it is very important for the auto loading and PSR4 to have that plugin in the same directory. And then we define our namespace and we use our annotation views field to add this ID which we have defined in the mapping. So this ID is similar to this. And then we use the base class. This is the absolute beauty of object-oriented programming in Drupal 8 that you can use a base class. You can extend that and you can write your own class and you can override any method and customize your display. So if you want to see the whole code, you can go to Drupal.org and it's a contributed project. And this is a whole big class and it is overriding a lot of base class methods. So you'll get the idea how you can build a proper custom field plugin for views. So another question, how to leverage entity caching in the field plugin, views field plugins? So as I said, when we fetch the data from the database layer, we also fetch the entity and we also fetch the relationship entities. Like if we wanted to display a Paladin on the same row, we also fetch the information of that Paladin and we also fetch that entity, Paladin entity as well. So in this way, we are already leveraging the entity API, the entity caching system which we have in place in Drupal 8. So if you want to leverage that, you just have to use that particular data set and particular entity which is already there for you to use, whether it's an actual entity or the relationship entity you are going to use. So just don't try to do another DB queries kind of stuff or entity field query stuff. You can just use the existing entity and it's a proper entity. You can do any operation. You can access any information on that. So how to use views row caching? So in Drupal 7, the views rows are not cached properly and there was a Qtip module for that to handle that. So there is this concept in Render API of pre-rendering that in which we just, before rendering the actual stuff, we just send a placeholder. And after the rendering calls are called, in the post-ender, we just fill up those post-ender because those are the actual operation which are closely memory consuming. So views row caching allows us to send the placeholder for that row that in this row, we have these fields and we have this entity ID in this row. So we don't send index or anything related to that. And we also add the access parameter to row because if I'm an admin, I can see the first three entities on a page. And if you are a normal user, you can't see those. So we don't have to add the index of the row. We just have to cache the information in that row. So we just cache, we only cache the information in that row. And we use them in post-ender. So all the system was the idea in Drupal 7 which we are using, which we were using in Qtip. And a lot of people were familiar with that. But now in Drupal 8 what we did is we added that in the view render pipeline as well. So with cached tags and with our cached tagging system, we just bubble the cache data. And for that, we bubble from the entity view mode, we bubble the field values. And the field plugin bubbles all the data to rows. And then rows bubble all the data to display plugins. And then to view and wherever we are, we are viewing that view or showing that view. It will be added to page and so on, so forth. So in that way, we have already added the view row caching, which was a Qtip project in Drupal 8. And it is a huge improvement, performance improvement in Drupal 7 and Drupal 8. So how to integrate render caching in views field plugin? So render caching is a very important concept in Drupal 8 because we have a lot of database and memory consuming operations in the page display whenever we display a page. So render caching is very important in that aspect because we want to cache the response and we don't want to do all the cost repressions all over again and again. So as I said before, because we are using entity view modes, so we are getting the tags from the entity view modes, which are bubbled into the fields and then the fields are bubbling them all the way up towards the page. So if you are overriding any method in your custom field plugin, just make sure that you merge the cache tags, existing cache tags, and you bubble them all the way up as well. So for the performance regression, as I said earlier that you don't have to do custom queries, entity field queries, and stuff because they will be done for every row. And if you are showing five or 10 or 20, 30 rows, it will add overhead and it will be a major performance regression. So always try to use the existing data which you have been given with the views, rows, and views data set. So how to fix views field caching problem? Like I said before, if you are overriding anything related to the cache tags or message, you just merge them. You try to bubble them towards up and it will be picked by the display plugin and the view and you will be all right. But if you miss that, it will be a huge performance impact in your rendering and in your display. In your, it will be a huge impact. It will have a huge impact on your site's performance. So always use those very carefully or overwrite them very carefully. So any questions related to that? That's the end of it. You can join us for the contribute sprint on Friday. This is the information for that. And thank you. Please evaluate the session on this. If we're just displaying one field from an entity, it still renders every field on the entity? No. No, no, no. So what we are doing is we are just rendering. We are just rendering all the fields on the view. Yeah, yeah. On the first, whenever we call it for the first field. And then we just return them one by one for all the fields. And then views field plugins always does its work on that. Like if you want to do a advanced rendering, if you want to display as a link, if you want to trim something. So actually, it got rendered as a part of Formatter. And then we modify that during the rendering process of view. Anything else?


Hello and welcome to another session on polynomials and we have been discussing about operations on polynomials in the last few sessions. We have talked about multiplication that too with method called method of detached coefficient. Then we learned two methods on division as well. One is method of detached coefficient and the other one was synthetic division. So you can check those videos to have a recap of the methods because that method is going to be used and we will be requiring division techniques to proceed further in this course. So I have written down a very common you know relationship or an equation which you have been studying for some time now and whenever you performed a division you always had this kind of relationship in the background where a dividend is equal to divisor here the spelling of divisor so this is divisor this is i. So divisor into quotient plus remainder correct this is a very general a very common equation or a relation which we have been using for some time. Now this holds not only for numbers but it also holds for algebraic expressions and especially polynomials because polynomials is anyways one variety of algebraic expressions so it definitely holds for polynomials as well and here is where your understanding of this relation and its implications will be very very important for understanding theorems like remainder theorem and factor theorem henceforth. So let us understand with an example first. So I have taken a polynomial x to the power 4 minus 3x square this one is 3x square sorry this is 3x square plus 2x plus 5 and I want to divide this polynomial by x minus 1 so my divisor is x minus 1 and let us say the quotient after division we get as q and r is the remainder. So since we are equipped with the synthetic division so we are going to use that method to find out the quotient and remainder so what was it? We had to first write down all the coefficients and with all either for the complete polynomial so there is no x cube you know term here so hence the coefficient is 0 hence I have mentioned that 0 then minus 3 is for x square plus 2 for x and plus 5 and we learned in the previous session that if you want to divide it by x minus 1 write 1 here then you can start dividing first of all write down this one downward like this and then then multiply this to 1 so 1 into 1 is 1 write that product here add the column so you will get 1 again again multiply this by 1 so you get 1 again write this one here add the column you will get minus 2 then again multiply this by 1 so and put it here so minus 2 so you'll get 0 then 1 times 0 is 0 and add and put it here write down 0 and the remainder is or the last term is 5 so what are the remainder and quotient so quotient is nothing but you can see you can now attach the coefficients back it is x to the power 0 then this is x to the power 1 x squared and x cube right so quotient will be x cube plus x squared minus 2x that's it and what is remainder the last term which is left is remainder r is 5 now understand and this and you know notice few things if you see degree of let's write degree of everything degree of dividend dividend what was the degree of dividend if you look carefully it's 4 is it highest degree highest power term right now here degree of degree of divisor was 1 it is a linear term correct 1 degree of quotient what did we get degree of quotient we get this as 3 and degree of degree of r is 0 there is no x term over there isn't it constant term so constant polynomial has a degree 0 now if you observe something here this 4 is simply 1 plus 3 okay so wherever divisor times the quotient right divisor times the quotient the degree of that polynomial and degree of the dividend is same this is something interesting so please note this you can take many other examples for example i'll i'll i'll give you another example without actually dividing it but if you divide let's say on dividing on dividing x cube plus x square plus 2x plus 3 you can check yourself but i'm just giving you the result by x plus 2 if you do this and if you want to or let's do one thing let's divide it quickly so how to do that complete polynomial coefficient detached coefficients right here so 1 1 2 3 correct and here i will write minus 2 why because i have to express this as x minus minus 2 x minus something right now again quickly if i divide some 1 comes directly here minus 2 times 1 is minus 2 right minus 2 add minus 1 you'll get minus 1 then minus 2 times minus 1 is plus 2 add keep it here add you get 4 then you do this and then minus 8 so write it here minus 8 add you'll get minus 5 okay so what are the q q is simply x square minus x plus 4 okay and r is minus 5 if you're not thorough with this process please check the previous video you'll get uh you know understanding of how synthetic division works so hence what do i get i get this expression again that x cube plus x square plus 2x plus 3 this was your dividend divisor was x plus 2 and quotient was x square minus x plus 4 and this is minus 5 the remainder now if you check again what is this here the degree what is the degree of this dividend degree is 3 this one degree is sorry 1 and this degree this is a quadratic expression so our polynomial so degree is 2 again if you check 3 is equal to 1 plus 2 and it will be like that why because if you now if you talk like this for example if you open this bracket if you really want to multiply and check whether it comes to lhs or not so the first term which you will get is x times x square isn't it and that is the highest degree you can expect because all other multiplication terms will have lesser power isn't it so x multiplied by or lesser powers will give you lesser powers of x check okay so this is the highest power after opening this bracket will be x cubed isn't it right so hence what do we learn from this we are learning something very very fundamental and that whenever fx let's say fx is a polynomial so we learned how to represent fx so fx is this one let's say this one dividend fx is divided by x minus let's say alpha alpha is just a constant okay or for your benefit let me write this as c x minus c where c is a constant so you're dividing fx by x minus c then you will get a quotient gx okay or let's use the word letters qx becomes easier to understand qx plus rx okay or better still we'll use small letters that's the convention so let's use the convention only so small qx and rx now what is qx qx is an expression or polynomial in x and what is rx rx is a expression in x again but in this case if you notice if you are dividing by a linear term if this is linear term if you divide by linear term or linear expression the remainder is always constant term constant term why because if this contained another x let's say let's say in this case if it was minus 5x then you could have gone for one more round of division isn't it you could you could have divided it further isn't it so hence you will see that the remainder will always be having a degree lesser than the divisor okay so please understand this so in this case degree of rx degree of rx will always be one degree of sorry always be zero not one zero if degree of degree of divisor is one okay please remember this so this is very fundamental fundamental behavior of polynomials when you divide polynomials it behaves like this isn't it i hope this is clear to you because again once again i'll i'll try to explain if fx is a dividend and you are dividing by x minus c let's say x minus c why i have taken minus c and not plus c it will become evident the moment we discuss factor theorem and remainder theorems but if you write like that fx equals to x minus c times qx plus rx what is very very clear thing which is very clear is let's say if this degree is n whatever it is two three five six seven eight whatever if the degree is n here the degree is one this degree is one and clearly qx will have a degree of n minus one okay this is what if you see it if this was three it is one it is three minus one here also the above example it was four it's one it's four minus one three right and the degree of the remainder is always zero always zero degree of remainder is always zero everywhere everywhere it is zero now this zero is happening only because only because the divisor is linear okay if there is if the divisor is linear then only remainder will have a zero degree if the divisor itself is nonlinear that means if it is of degree two three and whatever then rx or the remainder could be anything any of now could be of any degree lesser one less than that of the degree of divisor always remember so once again if i'm writing fx is let's say equal to gx now the divisor i'm writing as gx divisor could be anything and you get a quotient qx and this is r of x so all our expressions in x right fx is our dividend gx is the divisor qx is the quotient and rx is the remainder rx could be a remainder of x containing x as well you can see okay now in that case what do we learn we learn that gx right the degree of gx of gx let me write it properly once again so or you know you can say degree of degree of fx generalizing you can say is equal to degree of degree of gx plus degree of qx this will always hold also degree of rx will be less than degree of gx the divisor these two important points you please remember okay so degree of fx is degree of gx plus degree of qx we learned from the example and rightly so because if you open the brackets that's how it was justified if you open the bracket and start multiplying these two terms you will say that you know this one here is getting added up to this two right so it becomes three so highest degree of gx and highest term or highest power term of qx when multiplied together will give you the degree of fx or right this is how it was established and the second thing is the remainder will always have a degree lesser than that of the divisor why because if not then you can go for one more division right it's like you know when in the remainder is more than the divisor you can go for one more division is it so you and the end process of division is only when the remainder which comes is lesser than the divisor in our general division of numbers but in case of polynomials we take care of the degrees right so if the degree of the remainder is less than the degree of the divisor then we stop dividing till then we keep on dividing that's how the fundamental goes now once you are aware of this relationship or once you are you know thorough and very clear with this then we can understand remainder theorem and factor theorem very very easily let's look at it in the next session