He may be in uniform, but today Santa Rosa assistant fire marshal Paul Lewinthal is just like any one of the more than 6,000 homeowners here This was the entryway Beginning on Sunday night October 8th the tubs fire ripped through Sonoma County and destroyed his home as You can plainly see there's nothing left to salvage though He found a few things he'll keep kind of old badges from throughout my career as a firefighter Paul understands how this happened He knows the goal was to protect his community and that most of the other homes in Larkfield would burn and burn they did Now the question everyone is pondering will they rebuild? Yes, I do absolutely. I plan on rebuilding one of the first steps in that process is to clear all this hazardous and toxic debris from The property and that includes slab foundations. It's sat and smoldered for days and it's apparent it's cracking and crumbling Reality has set in I know that my structure is a complete loss. My foundation is not salvageable And that there's a process in place that's going to clean and clear as many properties as quickly as possible It was the right decision to make today Paul Lewinthal is making his first trip to the ROE center He's talked with his insurance company and decided it's in his best interest to fill out sign and turn in the right of entry form The ROE this will allow the US Army Corps of Engineers to do the clearing for him at no out-of-pocket cost to him Hopefully we'll see a lot of ROEs in our in our areas that will allow the Army Corps of Engineers to quickly and efficiently do a lot of good work and it'll also give me time to focus on other things and Work towards my rebuilding working with an architect with a with a designer a builder And then continue moving forward with my own recovery process as an assistant fire marshal He also knows what the intense and sustained heat from the fire has done to his foundation So it goes and the more ROEs that come in the faster his entire community's recovery will be ultimately Get our community back to where it was if not better. It's just gonna take time


Hello, thank you for coming. I realised I fit a fit like I'm on the jazz stage and radio had just come on down at the pyramid. So thank you for being here. I realised I'm up against Simon Singh and the internet machine.  Who am I? I work at the Open Data Institute. I'm a head of robots, which means I don't know a lot of automation stuff. But I'm also, I like to download code, because code is fun, right? We can make amazing things just because we can. So, I guess if you're here, you can put me down to hear how it is, and you want to be guessing. This is the typical contribution of the last year. The darker the squares are, the more contributions are on that day. And these are essentially adjustable pixels. You just need to know how to construct the annotations to write them. Now it turns out I'm not supposed to have thought of this. About a year ago I came across this simple kit fitting, which is really good fun. This is all you can see over there. Now I'm not sure if this is up. And I think this is amazing, right? But it's written in Python, which is not really my thing. But I started digging into it, and actually, at the bottom, what it does, is to construct a whole load of blank documents. It's just a line of fashion. This is easy, right? However, let's push down on the start for a moment. Who knows what this is? This is my crowd. Right. There's a lot of spectrum stuff there. There's a lot of spectrum stuff. It's good to see. You know what that is? Then you know what this is. This font is a, this is syringe to my soul. If I ever get a tattoo, it will probably be in this font. It might even be in that message. And it's just a list of bikes, right? It's just this. The font is just these. This is very dark. A long time ago, I was on Composite Sinclair and Newsnet, young people asking Dad. And somebody said this list, right? This is very easy. This is probably copyrighted or something. I'll probably just put the file below. Because I've written this a long time ago. I've written this in PHP. I don't review Python because I thought learning Python would be a thing to do. I have, I said, seen the light. So let's build it as a web service. Because why wouldn't we do this? Right. Does everybody know who this is? This, this is Dr. Jay-Z. She's my boss at the early age. She sits on the W3 tag with Tim. If I don't do this properly, she'll be very upset she'll be able to speak to me again. So, we do content negotiation, right? If you request, as Jay-Z on it, it comes back as a lot of pages. If you sweep, you probably see, this says something like 1882. A series of 1s and 0s, right? And I realize you're all thinking, why did you do this? And we'll get to that. You ask for the text, it comes back like this. You ask for the HTML, it brings it as a table in HTML. And there's more. It compresses it using one link encoding because that's really easy to do using HTML call spans. As I explained this, I realized it sounds more and more loose. But you want to say, you're the next, I'm the client, I'm the Roku. It's a lot of fun. That kind of just pulls up what's happening, so I can just take a moment to realize. I realized a lot of this I'm taking because I actually mean this. I'm sitting around at my house on Saturday afternoon. I can bring up Q-Com, just genital Q-Com and start building test-first software. Using Sonata, which if you're not familiar with Sonata, you can check it out. It's an awesome, awesome, very simple web framework.  I can put the code on GitHub, so you can see it in sharing. I can put it there, maybe. I can build it. I can run the tests on Travis. And then I can deploy it to Roku. And this is all free, and it's all available to me from my laptop in my flat. This, the future is a weird place. So, we have these two things. We can write in the spectrum font, because we can render it using JSON. And we can write on the GitHub code in Canada. Almost. There's floor, the spectrum font is 8 units high. There are 7 days in a week, the calendar is only 7 units high. This is our fortune, sometimes we have to chop out some rows. So we have rules. If it's on the top row, take that out of my bottom row, otherwise we remove the 4, yeah, row number 4. Turns out there are only 2 characters. It's actually the effect, the full height, the at symbol, and the copyright symbol. And of course, the copyright symbol is the one you want to write when you want to write copyright 1982. So this is important. I know it's important.  This presumably makes sense as opposed to, I presume you know what it's doing. He does some other stuff, you may have heard of it. It's still, let's write this video. So we look at the contributions history on GitHub, which here is just a piece of JSON. You can look this up as it's entirely open. You look at the business data in the past year, that would be the greenest pixel currently. And you then add some more on to that, and you write that many commits for the days you want to be dark. And you make a whole lot of them to commit. Which is just this. What you do, basically you see the fake date in here, which you've got that, the pictures you want to write. You can see this on bakroski.herokuapp.com. Please, I encourage you to go and do it. You make an empty git repo. You basically run a call to this, a package from bash with curl. And it makes a git repo and pushes it up.  However, I discovered the soft moon do not use undocumented GitHub APIs. Because I was writing the talk, I needed to get some sample data. And a thing I was relying on, return the 404. And this is at three o'clock. I didn't forget that time. My friend James gave us a hand to stop me freaking out. And we looked, and the API could have changed slightly. I could have just been deprecated. Our Gmail account was not supposed to be using. So don't do that. But more importantly, if you're going to use something like VCR, VCR is a box request to APIs together to make the call every time, which is not to the VM. Which makes your tests run really fast and it's very convenient. If the API changes, and you're still using the old VCR assets, you're getting a lot of trouble.  And this is what happens again. So I can write all my GitHub, I can write it out. Which is an awful lot of effort for that. However, so now I've got two web services. The thing that does the thing for F1, I've got the thing that actually utilizes GitHub. However, because I had to do the conversion from 8 characters to 10, 8 minutes to 7 minutes, I had an extra bit on a Google Play API, and it was inelegant and ugly. And that would never do for something as important as this. So it turns out, I got a great test first, and I actually used design patterns. There are formatters and decorators in this. Right? This is the poll. Really, really easy to do. If I really wrote a bit of tests, I basically extracted one formatter into a third look, so there are three web services involved in this. This one's from the front row. Some of you may know what this means, if you've got a spectrum and you're old enough, if you don't, come and see me after you've been talking about it. So what's next, I would like, I would genuinely like to make some of this into a gem or two. Some of you may find it useful. And I would very much like to be able to, as well as generating JSON text and the HTML table, generate a pin. And for some reason, this isn't the sort of thing that should be easy. Though I used to do this, and I wouldn't have thought, I've cut and pasted so much stuff and stuck overflow. It turns out I have no idea what I'm doing. But I can't believe it. If anyone knows how this works, please speak to me afterwards. And that's that. And then we're going to the questions. Questions? If anyone has a question, stick your hand up or I'll answer it. I've got a question. Go on. I presume that the font is essentially ASCII. It doesn't support anything outside that level. Can you do funky? No. This is not an attitude, no. OK. Maybe you've done something with that. No. That's as good as it gets. I mean, there are lots of, you know, there is a, you may have seen the isometric commit thing, which turns the graph. Sorry, I wasn't projecting. There's a lot more than four colors. So if you analyze that, you get a lot more creative, you do a lot more things other than just writing EFI. That plug-in isn't working. I suspect that guy got kicked by the same pub that bit me this afternoon. Don't use undocumented APIs, kids. Anymore? OK. Thank you very much.


the last class we have taken in one example for a non-linear programming problem that affects is equal to four one third x one plus one whole cube plus x two subject to this constraint and we have to solve this problem by using exterior penalty function method. Then we have seen this one that x one is greater than one and x two is greater than equal to zero these are the physical region. So, initially we have to form a penalty function method with the objective function and with the constraint like this way. Once you form this one then your job is to find out the necessary condition for the function to be optimized that we have seen it that first this is the analytical solution by finding the necessary condition del p del x one del p del x two is zero. So, after solving this after details expression for one and two we will get a set of two simultaneous equation and our job is to solve this one. And ultimately after solving this one we got x one value with this expression, but you have to take proper sign of when you are finding out the roots of this quadratic equation of that one you have to take the proper sign of this one because x cannot be negative because of feasible region solution. So, that plus you have to consider this one where this plus this term is greater than this one that we have explained last class. Similarly, x two when you solve this x two you have to take proper sign change, but our x one x two if you see this one x one x two our things should be a what is called that in the x what is called infeasible solutions is it not because infeasible solution x three point mean infeasible solution we are taking and then we are finding out the function value which is function value is decreasing with each iteration. And ultimately it will converge to a some optimum value of the function which is a feasible. So, that we have seen and we have got the results this one x one is equal to one x two optimum value is zero when tau k that penalty coefficient tends to infinity. Let us solve this problem by using what is called iterative method because we are using the necessary condition expression necessary conditions what we got x equation number one on two we express x one and x two in terms of tau k. And now tau k I will change from small value to very large value the infinity and if you use the iterative method how you will solve this problem that will see using the iterative method. That is we are considering the exterior point exterior penalty function method the same problem what was the we got the necessary condition for this problem and express x one in terms of tau k x two in terms of tau k that we are writing now. So, our iterative method we make the tabular form and this is the tau k penalty coefficients then we will expression for analytical expression for x one of k k superscript k indicates iteration which expression we got it one bracket minus one plus tau k see the expression plus root over tau k square plus four tau k under square root then x two k is equal to minus one by two tau k then penalty function value you write it which is function of x superscript k into tau comma tau k and then you find out the f if you like you can find out x of k capital x of k then you can function value f of x superscript of k this note that our f of x small f of x is equal to four one third x one plus one whole cube plus x two this is our f x and capital f x of superscript k is equal to max two one minus x one zero this then whole square for g one constraints and for another constraint max minus twice x two comma zero max of this and this square. So, this is our excess let us calculate this one first which start let us solve small value of tau k point zero zero one point zero zero one then this value put the value of tau k here in this expression you will get this value is point nine three seven seven then x two one by this if you put it this value you will get minus five hundred and once you know x one x two that function value you can compute that function value is minus two thousand then once I know x one x two f f of x I can compute that value will be hundred thousand point zero two. So, what is this this multiplied with this is multiplied by tau k also I included tau k mind it this is also I included tau k and then got it you can you can find out only f k, but I multiply this tau k into f of k tau k into f of k is that one. So, this then this is equal to what this minus tau k of this one that p then you will get this value is this then tau k see this expression that what we have written it that p expression p expression f of k tau k into this whole thing is capital f of k. So, this and this you add it this and this if you add it you will get it minus nine nine nine point nine eight then next choice of tau k is ten times of this one that is point one if you take because lambda k for exterior point method if you recollect lambda k plus one divided by lambda k is equal to c c is greater than one and we say that c value is ten. So, next is this value if you put this value is this you will get point eight zero nine minus fifty then you will get f is you will get minus one point one ninety nine point nine nine then lambda k into f of k is here f of x I know multiplied by lambda k you will get it this value is here that is you are getting hundred hundred point one three then this plus this will be your ninety nine point ninety nine point eight six but minus sign again ten times of this one point one you see the function value is decreasing two thousand two now it is coming near about two hundred minus two hundred. So, next value is this is point zero four five nine seven minus five and this value will be nineteen point minus nineteen point seven nine and this value will come ten point eight five because when you put this value is lambda x one x two value here and multiplied by lambda k this value is I am representing here. So, this plus this will be minus nine minus eight point nine three eight so now if you proceed like this way and increase in the value of lambda k you will see at one two three four at ten thousand lambda k value is ten thousand the value what will get it the x one value by applying lambda k here x one value will come point nine nine nine six three then x two value will come minus point zero zero zero zero five and f of x value will be coming is that is ten point six six one and lambda k into f of x value is coming point zero zero zero one two. So, that value will coming this plus this is ten point six six two now this see this point our feasible region is x greater than equal to one and x two is greater than zero but both are not satisfy this one still it is a infeasible region. So, we need further more iteration if you go on iterative like this very large value of lambda let us call say infinity then this will get one this will get zero and this will get this value will get it here thirty two by three this is zero then this is thirty two by three. So, this contribution of the penalty function is become zero when it reach to the optimum value of the function. So, our optimum value of the function is thirty two value thirty two by three and corresponding optimum point is x one is one and x two is zero these are the optimum point for which the function value is this. So, this we have and you see even though this this two points still is not is not in interior point it is a exterior point still interior point and since we know the our feasible region x one if you see the feasible region x one is greater than equal to one and x two is greater than equal to zero. So, both condition is not satisfying so it is not a interior point of that one. So, next we will see some of the problem associated with this one or you can say more general expression will discuss the problem later for general form of that one that how to solve the problem using that what is called exterior penalty method penalty function method. We have seen that minimize the function again subject to inequality constraint suppose if you have a equality constraint then how to tackle that problem. So, it is a general form general form of non-linear programming problem using exterior penalty function method what sense I am telling you we have not considered the equality constraint. So, our problem is like this way this is the minimize f of x subject to h i of x is equal to zero and we have a such equality constraint p equality constraint is there and equality constraint x j of x is less than equal to zero we have m equality constraint now how to introduce this one. So, this one can write it there are two ways of doing one can write it h i of x zero this one can write it into a inequality constraint h i of x greater than equal to zero h i of x is less than equal to. So, this equality constraint I can write it this and we can solve similarly as we have discussed earlier. So, in each equality constraint we get it two inequality constraints. So, in turn we will get two p inequality constraints and there is already m inequality constraints are there. So, there will be a m plus two p inequality constraints we will get it, but in generally we can write penalty function penalty penalty function we can write it. So, this p which is a function of x tau k and beta k tau k is penalty coefficient associated with the inequality constraint and beta k is the penalty coefficient associated with the equality constraints. So, this is equal to now we are writing objective function as it is plus beta k summation of all one to p equality constraint h i of x this whole square that in just like a inequality constraint we used to do gamma k summation of j is equal to one to p then we used to write it max of this max of g j comma zero whole square in place of this one j of j square plus gamma k summation of j is equal to one to m max g j of x zero whole square and this is let us call equation number one and these are these and these are the penalty coefficient gamma k tau k let us call we have written tau k throughout this one tau k is the penalty coefficient associated with the inequality constraint and beta k is the penalty coefficient associated with the equality constraint both quantity is greater than zero. So, we make some comments of this one that now how to choice choice of initial values of penalty coefficient that means tau k and beta k one is the simplest choice is there you consider a point which is outside the feasible region that is called the exterior point then beta k selection of beta k initial choice of beta k after that what we are doing we are incrementing we are increase the value of beta k or gamma k by 10 times. So, initial value of beta k penalty coefficient associated with the equality constraint and tau k associated with the inequality constraint how to select it. So, that value is so objective function value then penalty terms value corresponding to equality constraint penalty terms because we have a penalty terms associated with the equality constraint we have a penalty terms associated with the inequality constraint. So, this penalty terms then tau k is objective function value similarly then penalty terms value corresponding corresponding inequality corresponding to inequality constraints values corresponding to this. So, this initial value we have to select this is the one choice of this one next is one remark important remark is there that analytical solution that what we did it that we in order to find out the what is called first the initial that necessary condition we have found out then we have solved this problem for x 1 the solution we have solved this two set of equation or in general n set of equation by x 1 x 2 all these variable we have calculated in terms of our tau k and for the present problem in now you have at x 1 x 2 everything you have to express in terms of tau k and beta k, but it is really very tedious job to get such an expression. So, we have to look for what is called the what is called numerical method solution of a set of equation which is obtained set of equation which are obtained from the necessary condition of the problems. So, let us what is this I just mentioned in this one remarks of this one for a general non-linear programming problem there will be n equations because if the non-linear problem is n decision variables are there then when we are taking the necessary condition that after forming the penalty function del p of del p with respect to x 1 del p with respect to x 2 we have a x 1 x n variables are there. So, we will get x n equations given by from where you will get it the gradient of penalty functions x the penalty function is the function of tau k and beta k to be solved and there will be m max term in each of this equation in each of this equations because we have a m we have a m inequality constant in if when you have a inequality constant m inequality constant in penalty function you will get summation of max term of g 1 comma 0 whole square then g 2 max of g 2 comma 0 whole square in this way m terms will be there each equation agree it is almost that is what is the main stress thrust is there it is almost difficult to express to express x i which is a function of tau k beta k for i is equal to 1 2 dot dot because we have n decision variables and then take limit tau k tends to infinity very large value and beta k tends to infinity to get optimal solution solution of the decision variables x 1 x 2 x 3 dot dot x n. So, one should look for what is called the numerical method to solve a set of necessary condition if you have n decision variables are there you will get set of n non-linear algebraic equation that you can solve by some suitable numerical methods that is our stress. So, therefore, it is necessary to solve equations del p of x tau k beta k is equal to 0 that is we is the necessary conditions using some numerical. So, this is the remarks for this one. So, next we will solve that what is called non-linear problem solution of non-linear programming problem using interior penalty function method or it is called barrier function method. So, next is solution of next topics is solution of non-linear programming problem using interior penalty function method or this is called interior penalty function is method call is a barrier function method. So, what is this we will see first if you recollect this one our earlier problems the exterior penalty function method generates a sequence of infeasible solution that converts to a feasible solution in exterior penalty function method generate a sequence of infeasible solution which converts into a feasible solution again an optimal solution whereas in case of what is called interior penalty function method it generates a sequence of feasible solution and ultimately it converts to a optimal solution feasible and optimal solution. So, this is the difference between the two methods. So, exterior you can write the interior point method interior penalty function generates a sequence of feasible points that converges to a feasible and optimal solution that means x n x superstar of the source dimension is n cross 1 n if it is a n visible. So, our problem is we have a problem minimize the function subject to the constraint then interior point method generate a sequence of first initial guess is the interior point in the feasible region then it generates a another feasible point where the function value is decreasing and in this way is generate a sequence of feasible points and ultimately it converts to a feasible and optimal point optimal solution. So, let us see this one the problem statement how will do it. So, minimize f of x with the objective function you have to minimize such that g j of x is less than equal to 0 j is equal to 1 2 dot dot m agree. So, this is our problem now we have to solve by using a interior point method agree the interior point method means we have to take a initial guess which is inside the feasible region and satisfy these all these things feasible means it should satisfy the what is called the call all types of constraints. So, corresponding to this you problem construct the following interior penalty function or it is called in keeping a barrier function barrier means obstacle function barrier always is we understand the obstacle function the sense that it will not allow to move the decision variables boundary of the feasible regions it will not allow to cross the boundary of the feasible regions. So, now let us see this one what is the penalty function is considered for this one. So, p x tau of k is similar as earlier also exterior point method f x plus tau k and tau k is the our penalty coefficients. Since we have a since we have a m inequality constraint we have to give the penalize this one j is equal to 1 to m minus 1 by g j x agree now look this one our point is interior point means point is inside the feasible region when it is a feasible region g j of x value is negative agree when it is negative negative is a positive. So, this quantity is positive that means this quantity and also tau k value is greater than this tau k value is greater than 0 agree. So, this is our let us call equation number 2 and this set of equation what about the description of the problem it is a equation number 1. So, with so this term is this whole term is penalty function term this is the this and this is the penalty function term penalty function terms. So, with tau k plus one next iteration tau k value will be is equal to see where c is less than equal to 1 say c is equal to 0.1 we are decreasing the penalty function value if penalty coefficients value one tenth each iterations. So, let us see the interpretation of this things why the tau k value will be decreasing and ultimately it is approaching to 0 to get the optimal solution of the problem using interior penalty function method. Let us take this simple example minimize x such that or subject to 2 minus x is less than equal to this. So, this implies this implies x is this implies x is greater than 2. So, our feasible region is x greater than 2 if I plot it this x is in this directions and this direction is our penalty function p penalty function in this directions if you plot it.  So, this is nothing but a is a a straight line which is passing through a origin and our feasible region is if you see the our feasible x greater than 2. So, let us call this is 1 this is 2 so greater than 2. So, our whole feasible region is that portions. So, this is x is equal to 2 this is 0 and this is you can write it this nothing but a f of x is equal to x and with this one there is another function is added. So, our g of x for this one is 2 minus x. So, if you write it minus 1 by 2 minus x and our initial guess is we have we are consider in the feasible region. So, the x value will be greater than 2. So, let us see when x is equal to greater than equal to when x is equal to 2 the function value if you see this one the function value is x is equal to it is very large and then it will go on decreasing and it will approach to this asymptotically it will approach to the objective function values. So, this so let us call these values is I am plotting is that this function value that means our inner case if you see the p inner case if you see the p tau k is equal to f of x means x plus tau k only one inequality constant is that 2 minus x inequality constant is there. So, I write it into minus 1 by 2 minus x. So, I am I am now plotting I am now plotting this quantity again I am plotting this quantity. So, this value is infinity of that to that to that one and then if you go on increasing x then this value will be it is negative plus. So, this will be this way and it is approaching to the asymptotically it will approach along the objective function. Let us call you can think of it as if that our penalty coefficient value is one when you are plotting this one. Now, the if the penalty function value is made it half or one tenth now what will be this the nature of the curve will be exactly same on only at each point of x the magnitude will be reduced by one tenth if you are considering that tau k value is one tenth. So, this will be once again if you see this one once again this will be like this way. So, this is let us call tau k value is one again and I am plotting this is for tau k value I am plotting g of 1 by minus this is I am plotting 1 by g of k g of x I am plotting I am plotting tau is equal to 1 g of a and this is corresponding to tau of k is equal to 0.1 and this is minus 1 minus g of x I am plotting. So, in this way if you are reducing the value of tau k by one tenth all these things ultimately you will see this value will be decreasing ultimately you will see this will be like this way and it will be approaching along this one. And when x is equal to 0 is you say when x is equal to sorry when x is equal to x is equal to 2 or nearly equal to this infinite value is that this is right. So, it will not allow to cross the value of feasible region feasible region variables value cross the right left hand side of this one one that means it will not allow the this method will not allow to cross the boundary level of feasible region this method. So, that is why tau k value is slowly if you are increasing it will approach to the asymptotically asymptotically to the objective function near to the boundary of the feasible region that is our main objective. So, I will just write it the remarks of that one. So, remarks so that is the basic idea of using the interior penalty function method. So, now remarks if x is within the feasible region in the feasible region or space for feasible range space and far away from the boundary then g of x g j of x is less than 0 and penalty term penalty term is small and again. So, penalty term is small and p x of tau k will be nearly equal to f of x this is first and second observation remarks is when x moves towards the boundary of the feasible space when x is moved towards the boundary of the feasible space and constraints tends to and constraints tend to be binding or g j x will be 0. Then the penalty function then the penalty function will prevent or you write that then the penalty function will become very large and preventing x from moving out of the feasible point. So, what we have discussed in this figure you say the first statement is made when x is far away from this one x is far away from this one you say this quantity is large that means 1 by this one is small very small. So, in that situation penalty function value and object function will be same that is the we told that that one when the our variable x is closer to the boundary of that that one when it is closer to this one then this quantity value this quantity value that 1 by x 2 value will be very large that is when x is moves towards the feasible region space tends to binding g x is equal to 0. Then only this 1 by g x will be very large then penalty function will be very large and will prevent the what is called the variable to go to the infeasible region. So, moving out from the feasible point. So, this is the basic idea behind using the interior point method. So, our algorithm takes algorithm steps for interior point method interior point function method same as earlier exterior point first step is what we will select a initial point which must be inside the feasible region. So, select a feasible solution or feasible point x superscript 0 and that must be a interior point that satisfies all constraints that means g j of x is less than equal to 0 j is equal to 1 to dot dot m and choose and select tau 1 greater than 0 and k is equal to 1 this is the first step once you select this one using the what is called necessary conditions all these things you find the new improved value of the feasible point which reduce the function value from the previous value. So, second step take x superscript of minus 1 as a starting point use unconstrained optimization unconstrained optimization problems unconstrained minimization problem if it is minimization problem m or you can unconstrained optimization problem and use unconstrained unconstrained minimization problem solution using numerical methods. So, our numerical methods we have discussed what is called Newton-Raphson method steepest descent method conjugate gradient method modified real Newton-Raphson method we have discussed earlier. So, taking the initial starting point you get the first you obtain the necessary condition for the function to be optimized and you will get set of non-linear equation that you can solve by numerical method or analytically use optimum solution using unconstrained minimization problem solution using numerical methods to obtain to find the optimum of barrier optimum of the barrier function or interior penalty function denoted by x superscript k from x k minus 1 you get it that one next step is step 3 is check check if the solution is this to the optimum check if the solution x superscript k is the optimum solution of the original problem. How will you check it I told you one way of checking it you find out the value of the function at kth iteration then subtract with k minus 1th iteration value divided by f of x k value. So, mod of this one if you see if it is less than equal to epsilon epsilon is a positive quantity positive small very small quantity is this one or you can check it this or you can check it that tau k or f of x superscript k that value is less than equal to epsilon 2 epsilon 2 is less than greater than 0 and very small quantity tau k is the penalty coefficient whose value is greater than 0 and this value you will see when it is in the feasible region that value is also greater than 0. And this f of x is what that each term summation of f that is what is called summation of minus 1 by g j of x that is the f of x repeat summation of j is equal to 1 to m minus 1 by g j of x is the f x check this one if it is satisfied stop the iteration otherwise you go to the next step otherwise go to the next step. So, step 4 when you go to the step to update your penalty function coefficient c when x tier function method I told the value of c is greater than 0 that value of c is greater than 0 and most value it is a greater than 0 and less than 1 say c is equal to we consider 0.1 now we are decreasing the value with by one tenth that we have seen why you have decreasing this one it is the feasible region which is far away from the boundary of this feasible region it will approach to the near the boundary when you are do like this way. So, that things and set k is equal to k plus 1 and go to step 2 and step 2 is this one you start the iterative process once again this one and in this way you will do until and unless this condition stopping criteria condition is not satisfied either one of this is not satisfied. So, this way the interior penalty function method or barrier function method is solved agree and these two methods are efficient in solving the non-linear what is called optimization problems. Then we will see next that how to solve a problem by taking a numerical example employing that I am doing that technique what we have discussed the interior penalty function method or barrier function method. So, I will stop the lecture here only.


Hi, I'm Kat.  But it's a big part of who I am and I'm not ashamed of it. I'm not ashamed that you know that and I also want to tell you that God, I love you guys. I love chefs and I love the people who choose to make their living in food and you know your people, you feed people and you take care of them and it's the thing that consumes you and and the people you choose to spend all your time with and you wake up thinking about the food you're gonna serve to people and how you're gonna make it even better and and make it perfect and how you can make your guests feel happier and feel taken care of. But we're not taking care of you. You're not taking care of you. And you're not taking care of each other either and you're too afraid to ask anybody to do that for you. And it's killing you and it's killing this profession that we all love and it's killing people and there's not gonna be a kitchen of tomorrow if there's nobody left and you, all the people who took the time and the effort and the money to get to this place today, you're the people who are gonna have to solve this and I want to talk to you about a friend of mine and some of you know her by name or by her incredible reputation and some of you know her very personally. Her name is Jessica Largy and the night I met her she won the James Beard Award for Rising Star Chef in 2015 and I met her just a few minutes after she won the award and she had been identified as one of the best and brightest hopes for the future of food and I stopped her in the press room where I was working and I was taking pictures of the winners and I congratulated her. God, she looked amazing and I'd never met her before but there was there's something about her and she really seemed like this blissful, happy and balanced human being with this gorgeous like really serene smile and I still love the picture of her that that I took that night. There was there was just something about her that was so compelling and I wanted to know more. So a week or two later I was putting together a panel of female chefs in California and I was moderating it and I've reached out to her and I couldn't I couldn't find her. She was she was nowhere to be found and I started hearing through the grapevine that she'd left her position at Manresa where she had been for years where she'd she'd worked up through the ranks to become chef de cuisine, but nobody could tell me where she was going next and or even where she was right then and they really couldn't tell me how it got to that place where she decided to leave one of the greatest kitchens in America working for one of the most extraordinary chefs of our time who she loved and she admired and she was stepping away not just from her job, which is one of the most coveted positions in one of the best kitchens in the world but also from the people and the profession that had defined her every waking moment and consumed her soul and and been her life for such a long time and no one could tell me where she'd gone or why she'd gone away and then she did. She showed up back in my life a few months ago and she wants people to know what happened and she gave me permission to talk to all of you about it because she thinks it's gonna help.  She lost herself. That's what she told me. She said she loved and she lost everything she loved and she valued about herself apart from her skills in the kitchen. I lost Jessica is what she told me. I didn't know who I was when I wasn't at work and even there I'd become a different person. She loved what she was doing and you make no mistake about that. She loved what she was doing and she loved David Kinch who was mentoring her and supporting her. But the kind as you all know that the kind of toll it takes on your life and on your personhood and your soul to the kind of work she was doing calls for the exclusion of everything else in the world. The exact same things that make you the good kind of beast in the kitchen, the drive and the focus and the obsession and the demanding exactness, the directness and the utter intolerance for imperfection can make you a mess of a human being outside of the kitchen. And so maybe maybe there are some of you who can just check it at the door. Go home. See your friends and family in the daylight hours.  Drink something that's not just out of a court container. Be there to kiss somebody you love good night. Make it out to celebrate your loved one's major life achievements and successfully resist the urge to bark at somebody when they screw up a small task. I haven't met a whole lot of you who can do that though. And it got really really low for Jessica and while she was rising up at work she was going through a heartbreak at home and she found herself becoming angry and mean and a dark shadow of the self who she knew. Her partner told her she needed to get therapy and get help and she didn't want to hear it and like so so many chefs she just thought she toughen up work through what she thought was weakness and the relationship ended and the only thing that got her out of bed was work. 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hour days longer. She worked seven days a week at a restaurant that was open five because she couldn't function otherwise. She didn't know how to be a person. Just a machine who made flawless food. And she was she was just angry at anyone or anything that thwarted that purpose and she yelled and she raged and she went home and she hated herself and she felt sick and exhausted and then she peeled herself out of bed and did it again and again and again and again and does this sound familiar to anyone? Is this and we're gonna get back to Jessica's story but if you're here this story or something like it it doesn't faze you at all. Just this is just restaurant life how it is how it's always been and how it's always gonna be, right? Can we stop for a second and ask ourselves if it has to be? Can we allow ourselves the luxury? Okay, just for a minute and imagine and envision what it would be like if the people around you weren't killing themselves to put food on plates and provide pleasure to people who have absolutely no idea what's going on behind the kitchen door. We have to we have to we have to or more people are going to die and this is not an exaggeration in February alone in the shortest month. I know of three different chef owners who took their own lives and those are just the ones I know about. That's not counting like a line cook who overdosed or a chef to party who drank him or herself to death in a slow suicide just shift drink by shift drink and shot by shot or server who accidentally stepped in front of a train or a car late at night alone and collateral damage we might tell ourselves there are three in February. That's probably not above average, but who knows because we don't talk about this. It's three in a month which would be 36 in a year which would be 360 in a decade chefs gone and this is a self-inflicted wound on the industry and it's violence that's being done right in front of our eyes and people are too afraid to speak up and I know this because they tell me. And at this point last year, I wouldn't have believed that the issue was this big. I mean I knew there was a problem. I would be interviewing a chef for my job where I worked at CNN or a tasting table and I write pretty openly about my own mental illness my anxiety and depression and there would inevitably become a pause in the conversation where we stop filming where we stop talking and They would say hey, can we go off the record for a second? Can we talk about something and they would tell me hey, I've been suffering or somebody in my kitchen is suffering And I don't know what to do about it. Okay, it happens once twice maybe and And then it started happening the majority of the time and I knew I had to do something about it So on January 1st of this year I launched a website called chefs with issues with the notion That I could set up a safe place for conversation about mental health and the industry and provide links to resources that people could use mental health and money and and hotlines and all that and I also put up a survey about mental health Because including a section where people could share more about their particular experiences because I just I wanted to get a sense of what people Needed to talk about and I expected maybe a few dozen responses. Maybe a hundred if word got out As of last week I had 1600 responses from people in the industry Mostly people in the kitchen. I'm gonna read to you what one chef sent to me At times my anxiety reaches such a level that I feel no human can withstand I checked off all of the Accomplishments on my bucket list in this industry, but I don't feel a sense of satisfaction I make a lot of money, but I don't feel valued. I've missed so many life events lost so many relationships I didn't know this is what I was signing up for when I was young now mid-career I don't know what else I could do with my life Many of my role models have fallen apart some have taken their own lives. I feel like we're disposable less than human Celebrated for a season then discarded as if we never existed We identify ourselves so closely with the profession that I don't know what we are when we're not wearing the coat When I get home, I don't know how to be a husband and father My team consists of counterculture individuals who are so passionate about their craft so wonderful and vibrant But I see the path they're on and it hurts gets harder and harder to sell this business to young people Knowing that we're selling them a choice that many of us are great having made Retiring from this business comfortably. I don't know what that looks like. I haven't seen it yet But we chefs persist we survive Every night that we fall asleep sober or intoxicated is a victory and some of us don't make it and We mourn but we don't judge because we understand But not been what vote reality. I can never pronounce his name.  Maybe no printer. No yelling. No financial statements. No expectations No Yelp reviews. No critics. No exhaustion. No sense of disappointment. That's from a chef who's made it This is the tip of the iceberg and I get letters all the time and strangers coming up to me I have 26,000 words of stories that I have collected from chefs and their loved ones and their Families and the people they have left behind after suicide and they're in pain They feel alone and they're afraid to speak up and I know this also because they tell me So with this survey of the 1600 people who responded who are mostly kitchen staff 84.2 suffer 84.2% suffer from depression 73.2 suffer from anxiety 49.9 deal with substance abuse issues 75.5% use alcohol to cope with the fallout from this while other terms drugs compulsive eating sex are overspending 57% of people said they couldn't say anything at all to the people they work with The people who they work next to every day Stay by side by side day in and day out Why can't they tell anybody? Because 68.6% don't want to be thought of as weak 51 54.1 don't want to be thought of as crazy and only 3.9% of people said their issues had nothing to do with the profession Now I'm not a psychologist. I'm not a statistician and I don't work in a kitchen But I don't think it takes much of a leap to realize that those numbers add up to a giant crisis in this industry that we all love so much and That is one hell of a lot of people who are suffering and not speaking up because they're afraid of what the person next to them might think and As a person who suffers from mental illness I can take I can tell you firsthand how much courage it takes to get out of bed every day Put on your game face Leave your house and muscle through a work day with this massive weight strapped to your chest Not knowing how you're gonna take another step and somehow manage to get through But you do what you need to do and you turn around and you do it again, and that is real strength and You're dealing with all of that and you're gonna have to worry that the person next to you on the line Will know this about you and think less of you when you're standing there invisibly bleeding That's ludicrous, and we can do better by each other And what we can do is talk and it has to start from the top By which I mean you business owners managers executive chefs celebrity chefs chefs to cuisine major D's line cooks whoever here have people who report to you or who idolize you You can drive the change and I've seen it work I've seen chefs like Ashley Christiansen Kelly field Seamus Mullen George Mendez Angie Marr I can go on these are all tough strong talented chefs who run their own kitchens, and they command support From every quarter.  I promise and Back to Jessica She realized that it couldn't stay that way.  She loved she sold almost everything but her cookbooks And she's told me she rented a room like a college student And she hiked and she walked and she talked and she just was a person and After her James Beard award, she was one of the hottest properties in the country and She turned all the offers down, which is one of the scariest things a person could do You strike while the iron is hot because when's that ever gonna happen again? She started talking to a new business partner about a restaurant And she told this person that she needed six months to learn to be a person again Luckily they agreed She traveled and she ate all over the world and she wandered all over and she rebalanced her life the best she could and now She's ready again And in the spring she is opening Simone restaurant in Los Angeles And her number one goal is the health and wellness of the people who work there including herself and For herself and for a partner in the business.  She's worked with before because she doesn't want herself falling into old patterns And she's gonna try try to close the holidays So people can be with their friends and their families She's offering yoga classes and to enter her staff and subsidizing massages. She's eliminating tipping So her staff knows that they have a solid base and they don't have to worry about the whims of customers She's gonna do her absolute Damnedest to make sure that the people who work for her feel stable and balanced and valued and she's scared Who wouldn't be? It's a gamble she has to take because we can't afford anything less. Thank you for listening


One health has become increasingly accepted as a way to tackle complex health issues. Its multidisciplinary approach to understanding the causes of disease outbreaks, as well as their prevention and control, makes it particularly useful when dealing with zoonotic diseases like Ebola virus disease, EBV. Understanding the risk factors associated with EBV spillover from animals to humans can help identify areas where interventions are needed, allowing for early detection and prevention measures to be put in place. Despite its benefits, One Health faces several challenges, including status, bias and power imbalances between different professions, as well as difficulties integrating environmental health and social science expertise. This article was offered by Rebecca Maudling.


This is stock number 91135 a 2002 Ram Dodge Ram 2500 Quad Cab Short Box. This truck has the 5.9 liter Cummins diesel. From this HD video you'll be able to tell that this truck is super clean all the way around considering the age and the mileage on it. Front bumper is in excellent condition, no major dents or cracks on it. Factory fog lights, headlights are nice and clear. This Cooper Discover M plus S tires, a little over half the tread on these front tires. Factory polished aluminum rims that are in really nice shape considering the age on this truck. A couple little scuffs on the front bumper but nothing major. Passenger side rim, about the same condition as the driver's side and that tire is just as much tried as the driver's side as well. Defenders in excellent condition, bright silver is the color and as you go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective the paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down you can still see the truck here, the truck and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. This is a sport so that's why you get the painted bumpers. You can see that the lower rockers on this truck are in really nice shape. Frame and underbody is in excellent condition, the wheel wells are in really nice shape as are the lips on the wheel wells. Always something that you want to look at on these older trucks. Back rims in about the same condition as the rest and you can see the frame and underbody is in really nice condition all the way underneath. These rockers are really nice as well. We want to make sure you get the most accurate representation. We have silver line dual exhaust on it but we want to make sure you get the most accurate representation of the vehicle as possible especially something like an O2 so you can make sure you're making a smart buying decision. Tailgate is in excellent shape. It does have a light rider roll up tonneau cover, it's not in the best condition but it's still functional. The bed is in very nice shape. You can see it has a wiring harness there for your gooseneck. I believe those are some extra shocks on there. Rear bumper is in excellent shape and you can see that dual silver line exhaust. This side of the truck is just as clean as the passenger side. The rockers look really good as do the insides of this fender and it's like that all the way along this side of the truck. Very clean down this side. Inside the sport package gives you the grayish kind of rainbow colored interior. It's got just about every color of the rainbow on it. No ribs or tears on these seats. It does have a power driver's seat as the factory floor mats, carpeting is pretty clean underneath. You can see it does have an edge programmer on it. We'll start it up, it starts right up, hard to see with that glare there. This truck has 88,625 miles. Does have the parking brake on for some reason, there we go. But a little lawn feel, we'll put some in right after this video. This is a CD player, 4x4 shifter on the floor, aftermarket brake controller. You can see that the carpeting is very clean all the way through. And the passenger seat is very clean as well. Headliner is in really nice shape as well and there's that edge. Juice tuner, power mirrors, heated mirrors. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No ribs or tears back here and it does have a sliding rear window. These seats fold up for extra storage. That's got a nice little holder back here for extra things. Take a quick look under the hood, 5.9 liter, 24 valve, Cummins diesel. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smoothly. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and it is 100% ready to go. And to see more pictures of this super clean Dodge Ram 2500 quad cab short box 5.9 Cummins diesel, go to our website www.summitauto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot. Videos of every single used vehicle that we have. All at summitauto.com. Thank you so much for checking out my video, if you like it you can go to our YouTube channel which is youtube.com slash summitauto. Like, subscribe and share and if you want to make this truck yours, give us a call right now,<PHONE_NUMBER>, ask for one of our sales associates to make this truck yours today. Thanks again and in a second you'll notice a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left and link to more heavy duty truck videos like this one on your right and if you're not on our website already, a link on the bottom to this truck on our website, click those, check us out and we look forward to helping you with this super clean 2002 Dodge Ram 2500 quad cab short box 5.9 Cummins diesel.


The Order of British Columbia honors exceptional individuals who've made extraordinary contributions to the province. Founded in 1989, the Order of British Columbia is the highest honor the province can bestow on a citizen. Members of the Order come from all walks of life. They are visionaries, innovators, community leaders, inspiring individuals. They are a diverse group whose achievements make a difference and leave a lasting legacy. Leadership, hard work, generosity, excellence. Who inspires you? Honor them. Nominate someone today for the Order of British Columbia.


Mikasa calls on SA government to protect black lives amid protests in America. While the killing of George Floyd has sparked outrage around the world, Mikasa have shared the names of those allegedly killed at the hands of SA police and army and called on the government to protect black lives in South Africa. Former US police officer Derek Chauvin was charged with murder and manslaughter after a video of him pinning George down by his neck went viral last week. In the video, George can be heard groaning and repeatedly telling the officer, I can't breathe. Two other officers helped hold George down, while another stood nearby with his eyes on bystanders. George died in hospital shortly after the incident. His death sparked outrage globally and protests across America under the banner of hashtag Black Lives Matter. Mikasa shared their anger at the death and listed the names of those of who had allegedly died as a result of police brutality in SA. The list included Collins Kosa, Audain Emmanuel, Petrus Miggles, and Sibysso Amos who died after encounters with law enforcement officers during lockdown. Recently the world has come to a halt because of a virus. When will it come to a halt because of the brutality, hunger, racism, the group asked. They said having a voice comes with responsibility of knowing the power behind that and said they could not do much at the moment but bring things to life. These names you see here are not just names, these are people killed by those we've entrusted to protect us. To the leaders of our country, stand, speak up and take action. This cannot continue. We have so much to lose if we break the unity we have so long worked to build. They said that greed and classism was hurting the human race and we needed to introspect.


Welcome. This is Melissa. Arm of the Stocks, Swisher and Viewing Goldmans. I called this out last week. The 212.50 puts, I'm expiring this Friday. These are working. These are running now. I mean, the market's falling. I've had a really good read here on this market. Very good read here on this market. So, things are starting to move here now. So, you got to pay attention. But again, I called this last week and I saw the gap, saw it was lower. It took a couple days to go and here it goes. And so, sometimes things go immediately when I call them. Sometimes things take a couple of days. So, you just got to kind of watch your trades.  But if you're doing the options trades, you got to kind of see what's going on. You got to watch your trades. You got to watch the market. You get it. You can check your phone. Most people have stock prices on their phones nowadays. This could fall even further. It's only $12.30 here. If the market continues to tank, this will continue as well. So, nice move here in Goldman today. Again, you're not going to have the market making some aggressive move without the banks. And this is one of these ones here where I read was lower and I was right. So, another nice trade here on the options newsletter. If you're interested in more information and you'd like to sign up for the gap options newsletter, the price of the letter per year is $59.99. That's $6,999. As soon as you sign up, you'll be on the list for the letter to receive the trades. Have a great day everyone and email me at Melissa at the stockswush.com if you'd like more information.


Remember one thing these two are moving the ball right and I have a player here behind me that I need to defend, okay? When I'm trying to press there Don't go Pressing in a way that you're opening up Right because in the end of the day You are defending your way the way for the ball into a goal, right? Yeah, so putting pressure is something secondary It's not it's not the main thing, right? The most important thing is that this one behind doesn't get the ball because if this one gets the ball How many players get out of play? to And if this one gets the ball and we are midfielder number four, how many players get out of play? Four right, so that's why it's very important.  It's getting the ball. So go and close them down Thinking about where he is so check constantly and adjust your run that these angle is never open for them Right in the end that's a


Good afternoon. My name is Sergio Aparichio. I work for the Office of Economic Development from the city of Columbia. And today is business week, so we are here to celebrate all businesses in general that we have in our lovely city of Columbia, businesses and entrepreneurs. So we have on the city and the Five Pounds Association. We would like to welcome Botanica, which is a new business here in our city. And Five Pounds is thriving. In the recent months, we have Jackson Brown, Swift, Game Day, Furato, and now Wayne Pankie with Botanica. And now I'd like to introduce our mayor, Rickerman, to say a couple words and welcome our new business here in the Five Pounds district. Mayor? Thank you. Exciting to be at another opening in Columbia, South Carolina, but more exciting is that we're continuing to build a community with diverse businesses all the way around. And we had to celebrate the Bento business. We were out on Main Street supporting Willie's Grocery, Uncle Willie's Grocery Store and other community. Now we have Botanica here, which is, I just went inside folks and we have an opportunity to see what they brought. They brought artists from all over and it's a mix of Afro-Caribbean and Latinx artists with its clothing, its candles, its shoes, its hats. It's just, it's a really, I'm excited for y'all of y'all to go inside and take a look at this. This is just another great way of bringing diversity to our community. I'm very excited about them making an investment here and can't thank you enough for picking our community to invest in and excited to support you. So with that, I'm going to let you steal the show. All right. Thank you. Yes, sir. Good afternoon, everyone. I want to give thanks to the Mayor, Five Points Association. Katie, she couldn't be here today. And the whole Five Points family of merchants really made us feel like family here and I can't thank them all enough. Last but not least, my amazing store manager job. Running a business has been definitely been a challenge, more of a challenge than building it. As all business owners know, as I am learning, we really need to write people to help operate and grow your business and I'm very thankful for her. A little bit how I got to Five Points. This was the first shopping area, believe it or not, that I became acquainted with upon my arrival in the South Carolina about 10 years ago. The very first, the gourmet shop, actually. I was at work looking for food, found the gourmet shop, came down and experienced this area. And I'm like, wow, this is a really cool spot. It was a unique vibe to it, unlike anywhere else I've been. And a little did I know at that time that I would have a shop here on my very own 10 years later. It's kind of funny how that worked out. I feel a unique vibe here would have been perfect for the funky and eclectic boutique that is Botanica Santini. And what it does here or what we've done here is we brought together our loves of art, fashion and music under one roof. So we've got albums, we've got vinyl record players so you can check it out, clothing, lots of artists from around the world have, we've got pieces from them here, shirts, hats, wearable art, essentially. And all brought together under one roof. Some of the merchandise contains wording en español, but the universal themes of life and love apply. We're incredibly happy to have this area as our business home and we look forward to being a part of the continued growth and success of Columbia and the Village of Five Points. Thank you. Steve Cook with the Five Points Association. Katie couldn't be here today. So I'm kind of pinching and hitting. So we had an opportunity to meet at the meeting a couple of weeks ago and I just, the reason why Five Points is so great is because exactly what's we're in front of is businesses like this that are, you know, where else in Columbia do you find this kind of thing? We're real proud to have them in the neighborhood and just it's, I couldn't imagine a more perfect fit. And so, you know, I'm, I'm all, I would say I'm getting tired of going to these brand new business openings, but you're never tired of that. So we're real excited to have you guys in the neighborhood and you know, can't wait to add you guys in the mix. Appreciate it. Yeah, thank you. If I could, I'd like to present the mayor with his very own votive. That's pretty classy. Thank you very much.


Today, we're going to be playing with Vim, my personal favorite text editor, especially when it comes to scripting, and we're going to look over the feature of it, being able to split the screen and open up multiple files. Now, obviously, in the past, we've gone over split-in screens with things like Tmux, I think it was called, Screen and the terminal emulator, which I'm using right now, called Terminator X. But Vim has its own capability of split-in screens, which is useful if you don't have the other things available. It's also useful because if you're going to be working with multiple files while programming, to have them all open up in the same editor can be very useful. So let's start off. I have two text files in here just to start us off, 1.txt and 2.txt, and if I cut them both out, 1.txt says this is file 1, and 2.txt says this is file 2, just so we can distinguish between the two when we're splitting the screen. So I'm going to open up in Vim our first text file. And there it is. Now, I'm going to show you different ways of doing this. Now, anytime you're not in edit mode, you can type in certain commands for Vim by starting with the colon. So I'm going to type in colon. You can see at the bottom of my Vim screen down this way. I now have a little prompt going, and I'm going to type in sp. And that splits the screen. And in the second screen, it opens up the same file that I already had open, because I did not tell it to open a different file. Now I can also say colon. That's a vertical split. I can say, I'm sorry, that's a horizontal split. I can say V split to split it vertically. And now I have it split, and it splits based on where my cursor is. So as you can see right here, my cursor is flashing up here. And the way we can move around is you can hit Ctrl W and then arrow key. So I just move to the right and Ctrl W and down arrow. And I'm down here now, Ctrl W, I can move back up. You can also hit Ctrl W and then tap W a second time, and it just goes to the next window. So you can go through windows that way as well. So we horizontally and vertically split the screen. We can do the same thing and open up a new file when we do it. So I'm going to type in colon. And this time I'm going to say V split, and we'll say 2.txt. And it opens up file 2 right here, and it split the screen that way. We can do the same thing, colon sp2.txt, and it split it the other way. And you can see it all opened up file 2. We should also be able to say, and I actually haven't tried this because I just started splitting screens with them recently, I'm going to say sp to split the screen. And I am going to type in 3.txt, which does not exist. And yes, it creates a new file for us right here. The toolbar for each one's at the bottom, so you can see this is 3.txt, and it's blank. So you can create new files that way. We can also hit Ctrl W s, and it splits the screen once again. So that's a shortcut, so you don't have to type in sp. I do not know of a shortcut to split it vertically. So if you hit Ctrl W s, it splits it horizontally, and it opens up. There's doing that obviously, it doesn't tell it what file to open up, so it just opens up the file you're already editing, which can be changed later on. So that is a shortcut. Once again, I don't know a shortcut for vertically. If you do, go ahead and comment below. Now we've got a lot of windows open up here, split screens open up here. If we Ctrl W q, it closes the current window we are in. So example, we are right here, text file 3, Ctrl W q, okay, Ctrl W q. I don't know why it didn't work the first time. Ctrl W q, sometimes it gets a little, I hit W instead of q, so it wants the next window. Ctrl W q, hmm, oh it seems like maybe if you try to, it's working now. I don't know, maybe I was hitting the wrong keys. That is a weird key combination, Ctrl W, and then over to q. I tend to hit the W a lot instead of the q, which moves us to the next window as I went over earlier. So that's pretty much it for this tutorial. I just thought it'd be a nice thing to show you. I'll quickly review. I can hit Ctrl W s and split the screen horizontally. I don't know a shortcut key for opening it vertically. We can type in the command, so colon when we're not in edit mode, and we can say sp for split or v split to split it vertically. Once again, you can do the same thing, so sp and give it a file name such as 3.txt, which will create that file if it does not exist. If it does exist, it will open it up and Ctrl W w moves to the next window, Ctrl W and an arrow in whatever direction will move you in that direction, and Ctrl W q closes the window you are currently in. So that's Vim and splitting screens and the navigation for that. I thank you for watching. If you are a Vim fan, I hope this helped you out. If you're not sorry, I know everyone's got a different taste in text editors, and that's a personal opinion. That's fine. I do ask that you visit my site, filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris at the K. There'll be a link in the description. If you enjoy my tutorials, I ask you to go over there and help support the site. There is a donate button. Also to keep up to date on stuff, you may also want to check me out on Facebook. There should be a link to that in the description as well. I post not only my videos there, but I try to post news updates on Linux and open source in general. So it's just a way to keep up to date on stuff. So when I post new pictures or photos and stuff, usually open source or computer related at my site, I'll post them on Facebook as well. I'm also on Twitter. You can find that on my site down to the bottom left as it is right now. There should be a little feed for that. Also I've been working on my website a lot lately, redoing it, got rid of WordPress because it just ran like crap to put it nicely. I rewrote it pretty much from hand. I use a template, but all the scripts are mostly bash, a little bit of PHP here and there. I am also currently kind of putting some mobile aspects into it.  I might add other mobile features to the site in the near future. So I am working on stuff, trying to post videos. And I just thank you for watching and for your support. And I hope to see you around. Also check out our IRC channel.  The more of us in there, the merrier because we can all help each other. Thanks for watching again and have a great day.


If you go online and search for Crohn's disease in diet, or Ulcerative Colitis in diet, the top results are a hodgepodge of conflicting advice. What does the science say? If you do a systematic review of the medical literature on dietary intake and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease is associated with the intake of fat and meat, where his dietary fiber and fruits appear protected. The same foods are associated with the other major inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative Colitis, fat and meat, with a protective association found for vegetable intake. Why, according to this meta-analysis of nine separate studies, do meat consumers have about a 50% greater risk for inflammatory bowel disease? Well, one possibility is that meat may be a vehicle for bacteria that play a role in the development of such diseases. Meat contains huge amounts of ursinia, for example. Yes, maybe antibiotic residues in the meat could be theoretically kind of mucking with our microbiome, but ursinia, our so-called psychotropic bacteria, meaning they're able to grow at fridge temperatures, has been found to be significantly associated with inflammatory bowel disease, supporting this concept that ursinia infection may be a trigger for chronic inflammatory bowel disease. One reason why specifically animal protein was associated with triple the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, but plant protein was not, is because it can lead to the formation of toxic bacterial end products, such as the rotten egg gas hydrogen sulfide, which is not just one of the main malodorous compounds in human flattis. It's a poison. It's been implicated in Ulcerative Colitis. So go on some meat-heavy low-carb diet. We're not just talking about some malodorous rectal flattis, but increased risk of irritable bowel, inflammatory bowel syndrome, and eventually colorectal cancer. Hydrogen sulfide in the colon comes from sulfur-containing amino acids, like methionine that are concentrated in animal proteins, though there are also sulfites added as preservatives to some non-organic wine and non-organic dried fruit. But it's the sulfur-containing amino acids that may be the more important of the two, give people increasing quantities of meat, and you can get an exponential rise in fecal sulfides. Specific bacteria like biofilia wadsworthia can take this sulfur that ends up in our colon and produce hydrogen sulfide, and give people an animal product-based diet packed with meat and eggs and dairy, and you can specifically increase the growth of this bacteria. People underestimate the dramatic effect diet can have on our gut bacteria. Give people a fecal transplant, and it can take three days to shift your microbiome. Take a powerful antibiotic like Cipro, and it can take a week. But start packing in the meat and eggs and within a single day, you can change your microbiome and not for the better. You can more than double the bad bacterial machinery that churns out hydrogen sulfide, consistent with the thinking that diet-induced changes to the gut floor may contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. In other words, the increase in sulfur compounds in the colon when you eat meat is not only of interest in the field of flatology, the study of human farts.


Auto makers claim they can't share a band of wireless spectrum they've never used because it will make your car less safe. Wait a minute. It breaks when you don't. Forward collision warning and autonomous emergency braking available on the newly redesigned Passat. Front automatic braking technology can sense a collision and automatically brake to help reduce the collision severity. The Touring Elite is equipped with advanced safety features like lane departure warning. There are already safety applications being used in cars right now including crash avoidance sensors, backup cameras and other driver assist functions that don't even use the spectrum car companies are fighting to lock down. Forward collision alert and lane departure warning. The lane keeping assist, lane departure and sway warning. We badly need more spectrum for the Wi-Fi we use on our phones, iPads and computers every day. But auto makers refuse to share the spectrum they're not even using. The FCC has a chance to make more spectrum available for both Wi-Fi and vehicles. Go to saveourwi-fi.org and sign the petition. Your Wi-Fi depends on it.


Assemblyman Pat Nolan ladies and gentlemen the president of the United States and Mrs. Reagan thank you very much thank you thank you very much thank you thank you all very much thank you well thank you all very much thank you governor Duke Majin Senator Wilson distinguished members of the House of Representatives former Senator George Murphy Rosie Greer and Frank Sinatra my good friends and my fellow Californians I can't tell you how great it feels to be back in Southern California and among longtime friends you know I and you know I intend to I intend to come back here and live about four years from now my special regards to Bobby Fiedler it's been a long time since she was organizing bus stop here in the Valley and she's doing a terrific job in the Congress on election day do me a favor send Bobby back to Washington and that goes that goes for Congressman Carlos Moorhead Dan Lundgren Dave Dreyer and a candidate up here named I hope to be Congressman Dornan and while you're at it spread the word also and get out the vote for Richard Gomez and Claude Parish and if you don't mind if you don't mind try to win our California races for the Gipper but I am especially proud to be here with the students of Pierce College Pierce Pierce is not only a fine college but I understand you've got a football team with a 7-0 record this year well I I hope our opportunity team does as well tomorrow as the Brahmins have been doing this season I've come to the people of the San Fernando Valley to ask for support many times before and I'd like to ask you for this last time to be with us tomorrow well thank you thank you very much thank you I want you to know that just a little while ago up in Sacramento I told them that if the Capitol were in California I'd try for 40 but Abraham Lincoln said that we must disenthrall ourselves with the past and then we will save our country and four years ago that's what we did we made a great turn we we got out from under the thrall of a government which we'd hope would make our lives better but which wound up trying to live our lives for us four years ago we began to navigate by certain fixed principles our North Star was freedom and common sense our constellations we knew that economic freedom meant paying less of the American family's earnings to the government so we cut personal income taxes 25% across the board now there've been some people around in this campaign that have been suggesting that maybe we did something for some special group our tax cut was across the board even Stephen for everyone no special group we knew that inflation the quiet thief and record interest rates were stealing our future we knew that our national military defense had been weakened so we decided to rebuild and be strong again to be prepared for peace it was a second American revolution and it's only just begun but America America is back a giant on the scene powerful in its renewed spirit powerful in its growing economy and secure in the peace and you know something what I just said is not debatable yet four years after our efforts began small voices in the night are sounding the call to go back back to the days of drift the days of torpor timidity and taxes you know my opponent's understanding of economics is well demonstrated by his predictions just before we took office he said that of our economic program that it was obviously murderously inflationary and that was just before we lowered inflation from more than 12 down to around 4% and just after our tax cuts he said the most that he could see was an anemic recovery and that was just before the United States economy created more than 6 million new jobs in 21 months my opponent my opponent said decontrol of oil prices would cost American consumers more than 36 billion dollars a year well one of the first things we did was decontrol oil prices and the price of gasoline went down 8 cents a gallon I have it all figured out that all we have to do to get an absolutely perfect economy is persuade him to predict an absolute disaster he says he says he cares about the middle class but but he boasts he boasts and I quote I have consistently supported legislation time after time which increases taxes on my own constituents doesn't that make you just want to be one of his constituents he's no doubt proud of the fact that as a United States senator he voted 16 times to raise your taxes but this year he's outdone himself he's already promised of course to raise your taxes but if he's to keep all the promises that he's made to this group and that in this campaign he will have to raise taxes by the equivalent of $1,890 for every household in the United States you're right you're right that's okay all right you know you know that figure that figure that I just used pro rates out to better than a hundred and fifty dollars a month that's like having a second mortgage a Mondale mortgage his economic plan has two parts to the first is raise your taxes and the second is raise them again but I've got news for him the American people don't want his tax increases and they're not going to get his tax increases you talk me into it you know you know if my opponents campaign were a television show it would be let's make a deal you give up your prosperity to get his surprise that's hidden behind the curtain now if his if his campaign were a Broadway show it would be promises promises and if his administration were a novel you would have to read it from the back to the front in order to get a happy ending he he sees in America in which every day is tax day April 15 we see in America in which every day is independence day the 4th of July we want to lower your taxes we want to lower them for everyone in this country lower the tax rates so your families can be stronger our economy will be stronger and America will be stronger I'm proud to say that during these last four years on another subject not one square inch of territory in the world was taken over by communist aggression and that USA the United States of America is more secure than it was four years ago but my my opponent sees a different world after the Soviets invaded Afghanistan he said he said it just baffles me why the Soviets these last few years have behaved as they have but then but then there's so much that baffles him one year ago we liberated Grenada from communist who had taken over that country now my opponent my opponent called what we did a violation of international law that erodes our moral authority to criticize the Soviets well well there is nothing immoral about rescuing American students whose lives are in danger but let me let me now if I can put something about this contest in perspective the 1984 election isn't just a partisan contest I was a Democrat once from good share of my life but in those days in those days its leaders weren't in the blame America first crowd I hope that there are and I'm sure there must be many Democrats in this audience as there have been so many appearances across the campus but wait a minute wait a minute I mean good patriotic Democrats who have found as I did they can no longer follow the leadership of their party these these these Democrats would be here because they remember when the party's leaders were men like Harry Truman later men like Senator scoop Jackson John F Kennedy men who understood the challenges of the times they knew the difference between freedom and tyranny and they stood for one and damned the other but to those Democrats to those Democrats that I hope are here because I know there are so many all over the country and who believed in that tradition of the Democratic Party I say you are not alone we're asking you to come and walk with us down the path of hope and opportunity and in the finest of bipartisan traditions together we will make this country prosperous secure and free now now last month an American woman walked in space Catherine Sullivan made history and then she returned to the space shuttle in which some of the great scientific and medical advances of the future will be made cures for diabetes and heart disease may be possible up there advances in technology and communication I have seen some evidence of the medical advances I've just mentioned in the experiments that have already been conducted but my opponent led the fight personally against having a shuttle program at all he called it a horrible waste well we support the space shuttle and we're committed we've committed America to meet a great challenge to build a permanently manned space station and to do it within a decade now what America needs is high tech not high taxes okay you got me all right all right I've probably been going on too long here all right but you don't mean stay here for more years but you know the point is that we were right when we made that great turn in 1980 right to take command of the ship stop its aimless drift and get moving again and we were right when we stopped sending out SOS and started saying USA thank you you know the United States of America was never meant to be a second best nation like like our Olympic athletes this nation should set its sights on the stars and go for the gold now if we if if we could bring inflation down from 12.4% to 4 then we can bring it down further from 4 to 0.0 and we're going to do that if if lowering your tax rates led to the best expansion in 30 years then we can lower them again and keep this country growing right into the 21st century if we could create 6 million jobs in 21 months then we can make it possible for every American young and old black or white to find a job if they want to find a job and if local governments in our country can establish as they have enterprise zones to create economic growth to use tax incentives to go into distressed areas and bring business and industry in there to provide jobs for the people that are without jobs now well we have such a bill at the national level to do that and that bill has been buried for more than two years in a committee in the House of Representatives under the direction of Tip O'Neill now that's why that's why you send back to Washington those Congress people that I mentioned and send back the candidates that I have mentioned so that we can get that bill out of committee on to the floor and start helping the people that need our help you know I'll buy that right you know I've always believed and I believe more than ever if we give American workers the tools they need in new industries and old they can out compete out produce and outsell anybody anywhere in the world at any time our drive to restore excellence in education reversed a 20-year decline in scholastic aptitude test scores we're going to keep raising those scores and restore American academic excellence second to none our crackdown on crime produce the sharpest drop in the history of the crime index and we're going to keep cracking down until your families and your friends can walk the streets without being afraid we have reversed the decline in our military defenses and restored respect throughout the world for America and we're going to keep this nation strong to protect freedom and peace for us for our children and for our children's children and if we if we make sure that America remains strong and prepared for peace then we can begin to reduce nuclear weapons and one day banish them entirely from the face of the earth my opponent my opponent talks of a nuclear freeze stopping the building of nuclear weapons while we are at a disadvantage well let me tell you I'm for a nuclear freeze when we and the Soviet Union reduce the numbers of weapons down to an equal verifiable level and then we'll have a nuclear freeze and as we strengthen our economy strengthen our security and strengthen the values that bind us America will become a nation ever greater in its standard of living in art and culture and learning and greater in the love and worship of the God who made us and who has blessed us as no people have ever been blessed and I'm going to say it here it is to the young people of our country that I want to direct myself right now you know you are what this election is all about you and your future I have seen you all over this land on campuses like this in schools and in rallies like this and I want to tell you your generation really sparkles your idealism your love of country are unsurpassed now my generation and then there were a few generations between mine and yours well we of those several generations we grew up in an America where we just took it for granted that you could dream and make your dreams come true fly as high and far as your own ability and effort would take you and then for a brief period we went into an era when voices were telling us that we were in a limit an era of limits and that never again would things be as good as they were and that everyone should lower their sights and their ambitions well I want to tell you my generation and those several others I mentioned we have a sacred trust and we're going to keep that trust and it is that when the time comes to turn this nation over to you young people we're going to turn over an America that is free in a world that is at peace and it will be an America in which you can dream and make your dreams come true all of us together all of us are part of a great revolution that's only just begun America will never give up and go back never you know I've always believed this land of ours was placed here between the two oceans to be found by a special kind of people from every corner of the earth who would come here and come here because of that special love of freedom that they had and our unique mission is to carry freedoms torch to a tired disillusioned world we've always been a light of hope where everything is possible and throughout my life I have seen America do the impossible we survived when I was a young man a great worldwide depression that toppled governments in many parts of the world but not here we came back from Pearl Harbor to win the greatest military victory in all the history of war in a single lifetime my own in that lifetime we have gone from the horse and buggy to landing astronauts on the moon we as a people have fought harder paid a higher price for victory and freedom and done more to advance the freedom and the dignity of man than any people who ever lived on this earth America's future well let me just say ours is the land of the free because it is the home of the brave America's future will always be great because our nation will always be strong our nation will be strong because our people will be free and our people will be free because we will be united one people under God with liberty and justice for all I'm deeply honored I'm deeply honored that you've allowed me to serve you for these past four years but much remains to be done we must continue to build upon the new beginning that we started four years ago so I ask you for your support and your vote I have come here to ask for that but I also I want to say I'm terrified by the polls please don't read them anymore don't get complacent tomorrow don't think your vote isn't needed go and vote and take others with you to do that and if and if you're voting for me if you're voting for me don't send me there alone send these other people that I've mentioned back there with me so we can get the job done America's best days are yet to come and now it may drive my opponent up the wall but I just want to say one last thing you ain't seen nothing yet thank you and god bless you thank you