Fantastic. Good afternoon. Hope you all had a wonderful lunch. My name is Eugene Huang, and I'm with the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. I am not Andrew McLaughlin. For those of you who are expecting to see Andrew, he sends his regrets. He is unfortunately on his way to Europe at this particular point in time. We're going to be talking today about primary legal materials and innovation. And we actually have split up this panel into two mini-panels. The first panel will be discussing and demonstrating some of the innovations that are going on in the primary legal material space. And then we'll follow that up with a panel discussion. And so I'm going to turn this over first to the GovPulse.us team, Andrew and Bob, who are sitting to my right, who will be giving us a demo of GovPulse. Hi. My name is Andrew Carpeneau. I'm here with Bob Burbeck from GovPulse.us. And just wanted to walk you through what we built and what we think is interesting. So when we started this project about eight months ago, we barely knew what the Federal Register was. And we come at this from the approach of technologists. And we wanted to re-envision what the Federal Register was. There was a sunlight contest apps for America, too. And we were selected as a finalist and built this for this contest. And wanted to make all this rich, important information that's in the Federal Register, so the daily rulemaking and the administrative workings of the executive branch, more accessible to the public. So we started with the bulk data, originally just the mods files, which are the metadata around these documents, and then spidered the GPO sites to get the full ASCII text of these articles. And then as we'll see, we were able to do more when the bulk XML feeds were made available. We also added value by sending things out to external APIs and being able to mark up the data in more rich ways. Our code is completely open source, and we're built on open source technologies, and everything we're doing is hosted in the cloud. So it's really a new approach to these things. The bulk XML was released in late 2009. We'll hear more from FedThread, which was, I think, among the first to take advantage of it. But it contains the full text of each article, along with the markup of the structure and meaning of it. So you've got all the headers, the tables, and indications of where images should be. And with this, we were able to do a variety of different things. We were able to put the actual tables into the documents. We were able to link up the footnotes and have them work in a sort of standard footnote way. And we were then able to go through and take the PDFs that the GPO provided for these documents, the official PDFs, pull them apart, pull the images out of them, and then insert them back into the HTML versions of these things. So that you now have a HTML version of a Federal Register article that has all the information that the PDF one does, but in a more easy to use format. So our daily process is to download the bulk text and XML each day, and then process them and insert them into our database. Right now, the GPO is two primary different ways of sending us this information, sort of just the raw metadata and then the full text. And we have to merge those two together. We then scan for references to a variety of different sources. The Federal Register, CFR, US Code, these sort of things. And hyperlink those links to the particular section in the associated document. We also use this to do citation analysis of the Federal Register itself to get a sense of what's the most cited article in the last year by a given agency. This is likely to be important. Or show me this proposed rule. OK, now when I'm viewing this, I can see the final rules based on it, because it refers back via the citation to this one. So we do the reverse citation as well. And then we also spider the regulations.gov site to be able to figure out to be able to link directly to the spot to leave your official comments. And we also pull out information, send our data off to Yahoo Placemaker for location extraction. And this is useful so that we can, whenever a location is mentioned in the Federal Register, we're able to put that on a map. And you can say, show me all the Federal Register articles that mention a place within 200 miles of this place that I like. Or show me all the things about phishing that mentioned something near Bethesda, Maryland. And you can then see the regulations that are applying near you. Great. So I'm going to go quickly through the next part. We've kind of briefly covered these. And we're going to talk about what we added to the data once we got it. And then I'm actually going to jump over to the website and show you a few examples of that. So as Andrew mentioned, we send the full tax off to Yahoo Placemaker. We basically give them a bulk of tax, and they send us back entries. Let's say we think these places were mentioned in the tax with a certain level of confidence. It's not 100% accurate, but it gives us the ability to kind of do some of that geolocation to allow you to see where things are and what government agencies are working near you and kind of get a sense that, oh, the EPA actually does stuff down the street for me. It's not this agency off on the other side of the country. We're from San Francisco, so other side of the country that we don't understand or know anything about. And we've seen a lot of really good response to that. References to the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, US Code. In the upcoming new Federal Register site, we're also doing patent information. So when a patent's mentioned in a Federal Register article, we're going in and we're grabbing that citation and we're linking you off to it, so you can actually see, oh, this regulation is about this patent and see what that patent is very easily. And I'll show you an example of that in just a moment. Citation analysis, as Andrew mentioned, we go both ways. How often this article is cited and how often this article cites these other articles. So you can really begin to get a sense that none of these regulations are actually standing alone. They all have an ecosystem they live in and affect each other. And we feel it's really important for people to understand what that context is and that these aren't just made up out of the sky for the public, which often can seem the case. But there is really a process in this. Related to that, in the new Federal Register site, we're working with embedding the unified agenda and the regulatory timelines that the OMB provides so that you can see that this proposed rule is in this step in the larger process. Exactly, and a little backstory on that. We are working with the OFR and the GPO to build out the new Federal Register site that you've probably heard a little bit about. That's gonna be coming up pretty soon and I think it's gonna be talked about in a moment here. To take this code base and use that as the code base moving forward. And it is open source, it's entirely public, everybody can see that and see how this works and really even go down to the transparency level of the code itself. So official comments submission, we actually spiderregulations.gov to figure out where their form lives. So we don't submit the form for you, but we get you directly to that forms to make it very easy for you to say I care about this regulation, I wanna comment on it one click and you're there. One of the features we've actually just added in the last week is a number of articles we'll talk about in danger species. And we'll say we're proposing to set regulations around this area for the endangered species that they're talking about. We've actually gone in and often there's coordinates in there, we're now parsing those coordinates out, turning them into a KML, which is a standard format that any number of systems can use to import these. So you can download that and we also visualize that on a map you can zoom around on. Sharing via social networks, we want people to get out there and talk about the things they're passionate about and exploring my agency and topic, visitations of things like how active is this agency? What sorts of entries are they most likely to put out and how often they put those out? And then again, locations for where this agency is active. So I'm gonna jump over to the site. And this is the homepage of the appulse. You'll see kind of on the left-hand side there, we've got one of the things we're able to do because the XML is structured is pull out when comments close and when comments are opening. So we're trying to expose that to the public to say, hey, you may be interested in these things or hey, these things are closing soon, you should probably comment on them if you're interested in them and try to bubble that up to the surface. The geolocation on the side here, we're actually viewing Washington at the moment. So one of the things we can do is say, oh, well, there's some entries mentioning Anacostia, Washington. Let me go over there and see what's going on because I live there. Some of the visualizations down here on the right, we're using, if you're familiar with Tufti, his explanation of Spark lines and how you see a lot of information in a small space to see what agencies are active and then you may be interested to say, well, let me go see what the Department of Agriculture is doing because they seem to be very active. So I've actually opened a bunch of tabs here so that we can get through the, don't have to worry about the internet. This again is Washington, DC.  Here we actually can see three of the entries about Cheltenham, Maryland. So again, quickly you can get in and see what things affect you. Here's one of the endangered threatened wildlife entries that I mentioned. You'll see a number of things here that, as I come down. We've generated a table of contents from the Federal Register document itself so you can quickly navigate around within these 100-page documents. We've taken the tables so we can jump down to a table and this isn't a particularly complicated table but we've tried to go in and reformat them to make them a little friendly and easier to use. A lot of the tables in these documents become very complex and they're very hard to read as ASCII texts and so one of the things the Bulk XML allows us to do is really build those in a way that you can get to and see. Again, Andrew mentioned the graphics. The Bulk XML encodes where these graphics are located so that we can go into the PDFs, get them and then bring them back in and embed them into the document and I believe we're the only place online doing this at the moment combined with the article. I could be wrong on that. So I'm gonna click on one of these here. So you see it's actually, here's one of the images that we're embedded in the PDF about this area that's gonna be sanctioned for wildlife and what we've done up above is here's the original coordinate list. Lots of coordinates, not that easy to really do anything with but here's your map. Here's where it is. We've got a smaller map on the side here. Kind of gives you a little bit of context around that and then you can just click here and download the KML if you wanna do something with this and so we really wanna find ways to take what's in the Federal Register and in any of these legal documents and allow the public to take them and then re-envision them who knows what someone's gonna do with KML and the sort of things that they'll be able to kind of build around that. So part of what we've tried to build in the site is the ability to then again take this data and do something new with it that even we haven't thought of. Actually what I wanted to show here is this article is, so one of the things we do deep inside of these articles is links to their predecessors or later articles. So if it's proposed rule, we'll link to the final rule when it comes out and so we've embedded those in the text. You can actually see the, we link to the US code here. So one of the articles was actually a revision. I'm gonna stay on this article. So we link over, here's the citations on the side here. You can see this article is mentioning these other citations and there's actually 28 more that we could go to and see. So you really start to get that sense of context there. And then here's an agency page that we wanted to show. You can see this agency has released articles about all these different locations in the US. We've got a graph on the side about the different types of rules I propose and then topics. So you can see the Department of Interior has a lot of things around reporting and record keeping. They also have a lot of things about around imports. So you can click on that, go in and just kind of begin to see what agencies are doing and make that understanding. So again, we're all open source, Ruby and Rails. We use 40 plus open source libraries and technologies. Every single part of our stack is open source, which has allowed us to build fast and cheaply, that we don't have to reimplement the wheel. We get to use these incredible technologies that other people have built and have opened up. And we've actually built a lot of technologies along the way and opened those back out. The whole parser for the points is open source and available for people to use. We're hosted on Amazon. We use the cloud. Click cloud is cheap. It's powerful. There's a contact information. We're definitely around and love to answer questions and thoughts. Great. Well, Andrew and Bob, thanks so much for that presentation. Really some very powerful stuff that's going on at gopholst.us.


Now, we are discussing iterative methods for linear systems. In this, we have completed Jacobi method and Gauss-Seidel method. We have also learned sufficient condition under which the iterative sequences generated by these two methods converge. In the last class, we have also seen through an example that an iterative sequence may converge rather slowly or it may not even converge. In this lecture, we will try to prove another theorem which gives us a necessary and sufficient condition under which an iterative method converges. This condition depends on the spectral radius of the iterative matrix of a method. In this, we will consider a general form of the iterative method and we will prove this necessary and sufficient condition for a general iterative method. For this, we need a concept called spectral radius of a matrix. Let us first define this concept. Let A be an n cross n matrix. The spectral radius of the matrix A is defined as the maximum of the absolute values of the Eigen values of the matrix A and it is denoted by rho of A. Now, that is an interesting result concerning the spectral radius which says that you give me any subordinate matrix norm. The norm of A with respect to that subordinate matrix norm will surely be greater than or equal to the spectral radius of the matrix A. Not only that, you can also see that the spectral radius will be the greatest lower bound of the set of all subordinate matrix norm of A. Means what? You collect all possible subordinate matrix norm. Well, this is a mathematical concept. You cannot do this practically. Just mathematically speaking, take all subordinate matrix norm, find the value of this norm when it is applied to the matrix A which is fixed for you. Then, the spectral radius will be the greatest lower bound of that set. That is little difficult for us to prove. So, we will not get into the proof of that result. Anyway, we will not be using that. It is only an interesting result. Whereas, the result which is stated here is an interesting result and also it is easy to prove. So, let us try to prove this lemma. You take any Eigen value of A and the corresponding Eigen vector of that Eigen value. Let us make it unit vector and call it as V. Then, you can write mod lambda is equal to mod lambda into norm V. Why we can write it? Because V we have taken as the unit vector. Therefore, norm V will be equal to 1. Therefore, we can write like this. Now, use one of the properties of the vector norm and push this modulus of lambda into the norm and you can get norm lambda V. You just go to the definition of vector norm. You can see that this is one of the properties of the vector norm. So, we are using that property. Now, once you see lambda V, you can immediately write it as A V. Why? Because lambda is the Eigen value and V is the corresponding Eigen vector of lambda. Therefore, you can write lambda V as A V. Now, whenever you see this expression, immediately one important property of the subordinate matrix norm should come in our mind. That is nothing but norm A V which is the vector norm is less than or equal to subordinate norm A into vector norm V. Again, you can see that vector norm V is equal to 1 because V is a unit vector respect to this norm. Therefore, this is equal to norm A. Now, you see you have chosen this Eigen value arbitrarily. Therefore, this inequality that is mod lambda is less than or equal to norm A holds for any Eigen value of A. In particular, it will also hold for that Eigen value at which the maximum is achieved. That is, it also holds for the spectral radius of A. Spectral radius of A is nothing but the maximum of modulus of all such lambdas. Therefore, the spectral radius will also be less than or equal to norm A. So, that is what we understand and that is what we want to prove in this lemma also. This lemma gives us a encouraging message that if we use spectral radius in our analysis, we may get a better estimate for the error. So, that is what we are going to do. Before that, what we will do is instead of considering Jacobi method or Gauss-Hiedel method, we will make our discussion a bit general and consider any iterative method which can be written in this form. Recall in the last class, we have seen that Gauss-Hiedel method can also be written in this matrix form as well as Jacobi method can also be written in this matrix form. Now, just to make our discussion little general, we will consider any iterative method which can be written in this form. Therefore, in our discussions Jacobi and Gauss-Hiedel can be taken as a particular case. Now, let us state the important theorem which is the necessary and sufficient condition for convergence of any iterative sequence that can be written in this form.  You take any initial condition that is more important, you take any initial condition, the sequence x n generated using this formula converges to the solution x equal to b x plus c. Why we are taking this as the system? Because if you recall, we had A x is equal to b, generally we will write this system in the equivalent form as x equal to b x plus c. Therefore, any solution of our original system will also be the solution of this system. That is how we generally derive the iterative methods with that in mind. We say that this sequence converges to the solution of this system which in that sense is equivalent to the solution of our original system. And the theorem says that this happens that is the convergence happens for any initial guess if and only the spectral radius of the iterative matrix is less than 1. Remember the condition is imposed on the iterative matrix. Recall in our previous two theorems, the condition was imposed on the coefficient matrix that is the coefficient matrix should be diagonally dominant that is what the condition we imposed in our previous theorems. They are sufficient conditions. Now here we are imposing condition on the iterative matrix. Often students make mistake of checking this condition that is rho of the coefficient matrix is less than 1. That is not correct. You should not check this condition for the coefficient matrix, but you should check this condition for the iterative matrix B. Now our interest is to prove this theorem, but to prove this theorem we need two important results from linear algebra. We will recall these results without proving them. The first result is for any n cross n matrix B any matrix need not be an iterative matrix. This result is from linear algebra and it holds for any matrix for any n cross n matrix of course, for us everything is with real entries. The spectral radius of B is less than 1 if and only if limit n tends to infinity B n x equal to 0 and this should happen for every x in R n. This is one result that we will be using in the proof of our theorem and the next result says that if B is a n cross n matrix and the spectral radius is less than 1 then i minus B inverse exists and it can be written as i plus B square and so on. This is a familiar result for us when B is a real number, but it also holds for matrices that is what we are seeing here. You would have seen these results in linear algebra course. So, we will not prove this theorem here, but we will use them in our main theorem. With these two results in mind let us prove our main theorem. Let us first assume that the spectral radius of B is less than 1 and let us prove that the sequence x n converges for any given initial guess x naught. How to prove this? Well let us start with the expression for the iterative sequence which is given by x k plus 1 is equal to B x k plus c. Now you see this expression was used in computing x k also. Therefore, the same expression can be applied to x k by replacing x k plus 1 by x k. Then you will get instead of x k you are just putting its expression from where it is computed. Now with a simplification you can write this expression as B square x k minus 1 plus I am just clubbing these two terms and getting B plus i into c. Now once you have this again you can apply the same expression for x k minus 1 right. In that way you can keep on going like this and till you hit the last step of x naught. At that stage you will have B k plus 1 into x naught and the second term would have become the finite sum B k plus B k minus 1 plus up to B plus i into c right. Now you see we have this nice form x k plus 1 is now given like this. Now you see we have scope to use our two lemmas that we stated before. How can you use them? Well for that you take limit k tending to infinity on both sides. Once you take this you can recall the first lemma since you have assumed that the spectral radius of B is less than 1 that lemma says that limit k tends to infinity B k plus 1 into x equal to 0 for any x in particular whatever initial guess that you have chosen will also satisfy that condition right. With that you can see that this term goes to 0 and the second term of course when you take limit k tends to infinity this finite sum will become a series like this. Now again you can use the second lemma which says that if the spectral radius of matrix B is less than 1 then this series converges and the limit of this series is nothing but i minus B inverse right. Now we will put these two lemmas into this expression remember this tends to 0 and this will be equal to i minus B inverse. Therefore limit k tends to infinity x k plus 1 is equal to this. This is the limit of this sequence. So limit exists that is what we have seen using these two lemmas. Now what is this limit? Well let us call this limit as x then you can see that i minus B right x is equal to c that is nothing but x is equal to B x plus c right. This is precisely what we have demanded in the statement of our theorem. If you go back and see what we said is that the sequence should converge to the solution of this system and this is what now we are precisely seeing that the limit is nothing but the solution of this system. So that completes the proof that if the spectral radius of the iteration matrix B is less than 1 then the corresponding iteration sequence will converge to a vector x which is the solution of the system x is equal to B x plus c. So we finish the proof of one side. Let us now assume that the iterative sequence converges for any initial guess x naught that is very important. The statement is that the sequence converges for any initial guess x naught and this is the assumption and we have to prove that the spectral radius of B is less than 1. How to prove this? Well there are many ways to prove it. Let us take a simple approach. Assume the contrary that the spectral radius of B is greater than or equal to 1 that is we are given that the iterative sequence is converging for any initial guess but we are also assuming that the spectral radius is greater than or equal to 1. With this assumption we will now see that we can arrive at a contradiction. What is that contradiction? I will pick up one initial guess for which the corresponding iterative sequence is diverging that is what I am going to prove. For that I have to choose a particular initial guess conveniently to make the sequence diverge. How am I going to choose this initial guess? Well I will choose my initial guess in such a way that x naught that is my initial guess minus x remember x is the exact solution of the system x equal to B x plus c right. This is a vector now. Now I will choose my initial guess in such a way that this vector is an eigen vector corresponding to which eigen value. Well the eigen value at which the maximum is achieved that is nothing but that eigen value which came as the spectral radius of my iterative matrix. So this can always be done you are given eigen value then you can just take any eigen vector and then you can just write it in this form by conveniently choosing your vector x naught. You have freedom to choose x naught but you have no freedom on x because it comes as the solution of your system right. But you have freedom on x naught. So you can always choose such a vector. Now we will see how we are going to arrive at a contradiction. Well let us take this term if you recall x k plus 1 is nothing but B x k right plus c that is the way we have defined the iterative sequence. The same equation also holds for x therefore, x should be equal to B x plus c. Now we are subtracting these two therefore, this will go off and you will have B into x k minus B into x that I can write as B into x k minus x right. Now the idea is something similar to what we did in the previous case. You apply the same expression for x k and write this as B square into x k minus 1 minus x right. Now once you do that you keep on continuing this recursively until you hit the dead end where you have B k plus 1 into x naught minus x sorry this x star is a typo it is x. Now what is this? This is nothing but the Eigen vector right. Therefore, you can write it as lambda i k plus 1 into the Eigen vector again this star should not be there it is a typo x naught minus x and you have this because this is a Eigen vector. Now what we assumed as a contrary that lambda i is greater than or equal to B k plus 1 into 1 that is what we have assumed that is this is something greater than or equal to 1 raise to k plus 1 right. If lambda i is equal to 1 then you can see that the right hand side will never go to 0 as k tends to infinity it will be a fixed number. On the other hand if lambda i is strictly greater than 1 then the right hand side will go to infinity and therefore, the left hand side will also go to infinity remember in this derivation we only have equality there is no inequality. Therefore, whatever happens on the right hand side will surely happen to the left hand side also if it was a less than or equal to then you cannot say that the left hand side will go to infinity if right hand side goes to infinity right. But in this case you can say because it is a equality that means that our assumption that lambda i is greater than or equal to 1 made us to choose a initial guess for which the corresponding iterative sequence is not converging which is not correct as per our assumption that our iterative sequence always converges for any initial guess right. Therefore, our assumption that the pectoral radius of B is greater than or equal to 1 is not correct that means the spectral radius of B should be always less than 1 if the iterative sequence is converging for any x naught that is more important for any x naught if it converges that will surely imply that the spectral radius is less than 1 and this completes the proof of this important theorem. Let us also have an important observation which we have already made in the case of the previous theorem on Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel method. You can see that if you are starting with a x naught such that x naught minus x is an eigen vector again there is a typo here then this equality shows that if lambda i is greater than or is very close to 0 then the convergence is going to be faster right. On the other hand if the spectral radius that is in this case it is lambda i is very close to 1 then the convergence is going to be very slow. You can see directly from here right as k tends to infinity the convergence is happening because this term is going to 0 as k tends to infinity if lambda i which is nothing but your spectral radius is less than 1. If it is very close to 1 the convergence will be very slow if it is very close to 0 then it goes much faster right. So, that is what is a clear observation from here and in fact, it holds for any choice of x naught also. With that note in mind let us now see the example that we discussed in the last class and also at the beginning of this class. If you recall we have considered this system which is not diagonally dominant and not only that you cannot exchange any of the rows to make it diagonally dominant right. Then we have formulated the Jacobi method and Gauss Seidel method and we have seen that Jacobi method was converging with the initial guess was taken as x naught is equal to I think 1 1 1 with that we have observed that Jacobi method was converging, but very slowly why it was so now we can try to answer that for that you have to take this matrix B j and find all its eigenvalues and then take the modulus of the eigenvalues. Let us say it is lambda 1, lambda 2 and lambda 3 then you take the modulus of all this eigenvalues and then take the maximum of all this numbers. In this case it happens to be 0.94444. Now go back to our previous observation your spectral radius of the Jacobi iteration sequence was pretty close to 1 right. So, that is why we witnessed that the convergence was pretty slow. Also we have observed that the iterative sequence of Gauss Seidel method was oscillating and never converged. Now by computing the spectral radius of B j you can also understand why it was happening like that. It was because the spectral radius of B j, remember B j is the iterative sequence of the Gauss Seidel method and its spectral radius is 1. That may be the reason for why it was not converging but it was oscillating. From here you can see more clearly the behavior of these two methods and also we can see that for a given system you may not always expect these methods to converge. Even convergence of one method may not imply the convergence of the other and also the sequences may converge very slowly. These are some of the disadvantages of iterative methods. Therefore before applying these methods into your applications you have to have an idea of whether these methods are going to converge if so how fast they will converge right. For this all these analysis that we did in this section are very important like this in numerical analysis. Doing analysis on methods will give us lot of ideas about how to use these methods more efficiently and what are all the limitations of these methods. With this note let us finish this lecture. Thank you for your attention.


Everybody forced here rip in 2022 immaculate baseball hobby a box full case number nine random teams show the results right here We'll get started in a second Six is because cookout isn't everywhere. It's literally only certain place in the southeast. They don't even have any in Florida It's like Alabama, Mississippi, the Carolinas Maybe Tennessee. There's there's they're not anywhere else I've only heard myths about cookout. I can only dream of having it one day, but I cannot I Can't speak on it It's barely anywhere In-and-out is overrated Good, but overrated Shake Shack is pretty good Chick-fil-a overrated good, but overrated same categories in and out Consistent consistency is Chick-fil-a's best friend. I'm down. Let's do it Dude, all right. That's it. I got to get rich to send us all to a North Carolina card show Yeah, let's do it. I'm down Worst fries in and out. Yeah, their fries are kind of whack Animal-style burger. I'm pretty down with though. Like I said, it's fine, but When I had it the first time when I was this is like 10 years ago the first time I had it It was a lot better than them than I had it what three or four years ago a lot better like 10 years ago Dual Jersey Cleveland Tristan Mackenzie 38 of 99 Dodgers Jersey card trade Turner numbered 48 of 99 Rockies RPA Ryan Vallade 36 of 99 nice one Rockies Anyone like crystal burger? Because you should you should not Marlins Edward Cabrera rookie patch auto red redemption you go Marlins on the ever Cabrera Matt's another RPA here. Tyler McGill 70 of 99 White Castle is the wildflowers of burger joints. That's why we love it and Patch rookie auto pirates Roanzee Contreras 87 of 99 I think I've had white castle only pre-solid pre-solid at crystal is it's the same concept, but Something must have happened along the way You should be able to buy like three like five burgers for like two dollars You know, I just think some deals are too good to be true How much they cost it's like it's like 12 burgers for like 85 cents or something inflation has not hit crystal because It might not be beef who knows Scott Oriol Stray Mancini Jersey numbered 36 of 99 Gloverellic Pirates Cabrion Hayes 9 of 25 Do you guys ever see a Freddy's? Frozen custard and steak burgers you got to go there. That's a good place to go Gloverellic auto Tom Murphy Mariners 22 of 25 is a little too thick to go with Redemption for the Mariners and accolate marks Jared Kelnick Caleb is yelling over there. They must have something huge Freddy's is fantastic all around Kelnick mayors Patch rookie auto Yankees Louise Hill 78 of 99. Yeah, Freddy's is really good. They do hot dogs, too Which is a which is a pretty cool thing For $5 Chicago dogs and down with that Triple patch rookie auto Mariners Matt brash 9 of 10 Dang Rob that sounds like a dream They're very similar concepts, but I like certain things about the other. You know what I mean like the burger is better at covers But the custard is better at Freddy's And they have that fry sauce Which is it's just like mayo ketchup and like something else. It's very simple, but they have it like on deck and so Yeah, it's clutch it's like a jalapeno fry sauce. I think it's great You can get a spicier or like not Love it. So simple. Well, just the fact that they have it available like I'm always down with that No, we did not Shane. He's got a gold frog That's pretty funny Five of five the name is sideways. I'm scared of this car Jersey number hundred Jackson Dodgers That's really cool Dodgers game-worn Jersey of Duke Snyder to a five There you go Dodgers age Jersey Auto Christian Pache six of ten Man, you ever see Culver's not have a big line. You got to go. I'm gonna go. Yeah, man. It's good Dylan loves it. It's very good They make them like to order so like you order the drive-thru and they'll have you like pull to the side But they're actually making your food like a scratch kitchen. Yeah, it's good Signatures Cubs Brennan Davis eight of 49 nice hit cubbies National signatures as Ryan Zimmerman numbered four of 49 and Oriole signatures Trey Mancini numbered seven of ten It takes a second in one day This was a few years ago I was hungover and I legit went to Freddy's and My wife is a little longer, but I was pretty hungover We went to the drive-thru We legitimately ordered $60 worth of food to drive through for the two of us I ate like two burgers two hot dogs fries and a frozen custard And then had leftover two I was like I need more for like later ordered it was Insane, I didn't know it's possible. I know it's possible Patch card angels Justin Upton three of seven probably the last time I was actually hungover. Oh, I think about it. I Don't do that no mo Red Sox Jersey card Wade Boggs five of 99 The cod plays at Culver's when you say it's cod it makes me want to order a fish sandwich when they're actually Like I don't do it other place because you don't like know what it could be but rookie patch out on Matt's Patrick Mazziga 55 and 76 But I'm alright Shane. I'm listening man. I'm gonna go. I like what I'm all actually and get one because if it's cod I'm down. I'm down for a fish sandwich Yeah, David price immaculate signatures gold David price auto. I imagine this is Dodgers The price is wrong You go Dodgers David price Jersey auto 10 of 10 for the Nats. You want a dome? Yeah Dodgers David price So says the checklist to think he's still with them rookie triple relic auto raise chain boss 28 or 49 you'll raise You might be a met now. He was definitely a Dodger since What 2020 season $40 at Taco Bell you can literally feed like Everyone within shouting distance of your house I could probably feed my entire apartment building with $40 at Taco Bell Yeah, Jeff McNeil relic two of 10 for the Mets Astros Jersey cart Alex Bregman numbered six of 49 RPA red for the Nats rally Adam 17 of 49. I miss David price, but it was the right time to get rid of him trade him It eat the whole salary though. I like price though that is auto Brent Honeywell number 11 of 49 Red Sox don't win that world series that year without him 18 The best picture in the playoffs Got angels auto Chris Rodriguez 73 of 99 and I black patch auto mariners cow rally 18 of 37 One of the things I always get a Taco Bell is a spicy potato soft taco. I love the talk about potatoes Probably what I get more than anything I'll get potato and sometimes you can like customize on in the app I'll just like add potatoes and stuff Love it had breakfast crunch wrap You haven't had one yet. Oh, man, you got to get culvers and Taco Bell breakfast Rookie patch 2325 There you go Phillies Red Sox won the game they came back That relic expose Tim Reigns that goes to the Nats 49 to 49 What kind of Williams drinking six drink straight up in Williams That's kind of whiskey to put hair in your chest rose out of any path here at Pasquantino. Hey, Pasquantino 11 of 49 I Could go for a chicken Pasquantino straight up Yeah, Drew Ellis one of one printing plate RPA diamond bags Congrats diamond bags. That's nice. That's a big man God Dustin Harris patch auto Rangers 48 to 49. There you go Rangers Patel 92. Yeah, it's a pretty solid Is that more of like a that's a darker one or like a not quite a Maduro, but a dark leaf And prospect patch auto Cardinals Nolan Gorman one of ten nice hit Cardinals. Oh, it is a Maduro then I'm gonna say Vinny Pasquantino. I'm not gonna say it like But the spot has to be a bad Italian accent, I guess I haven't had a cigar in a while.  Yeah, or at least There's neighbors Something that I would do because it stays way too long in there Some would find out rookie patch reds a lay-ho Lopez 37 to 49 preposterous behavior Jersey card Mets Dwight Gooden numbered 5 of 49 nice doc Giants Elliott Ramos auto nice hit Giants 4 of 49 Let's say Trevor Larnack twins out on numbered 4 of 99 84 30 34 99 Royals Kyle Isbell auto 31 of 99 and one yet Paz Jersey auto for the Cardinals 8 of 10 Where'd you pull the gold frog? Screaming over there Sounds pretty rare 777 packs Heck yeah, dude Hey, man, dude Kayla's pulling gas on the on the gaming channel guys. Oh really odd Huge rookie patch for the Angels Brandon Marsh 505 Using your tops yeti. Oh nice Rookie Jersey card a white socks Jake burger 93 of 99 Sam you should honestly buy one if you like it that much you should buy it. That's why I bought this waffle house shirt. I Enjoy waffle house Patch auto for the Orioles Mike Bauman 40 of 67 you won't buy one right now Red RPA Phillies Hans Kraus 18 of 49 signatures Royals Daniel Lynch 8 of 49 and Cubs say a Suzuki auto 65 of 99 Nice hit Cubs That is the first say a Suzuki auto. I have pulled Congrats to the Cubs this one's going to James a Congrats James Get that mag for you. All right. We got a recap to do the relics white socks Jake burger Angels Brandon Marsh Mets Dwight Gooden Reds Alejo Lopez Exposed go to the Nationals Tim Reigns Phillies Hans Kraus Astros Alex Bregman Mets Jeff McNeil Red Sox Wade Boggs Angels Justin Upton Dodgers Andre Jackson Dodgers Duke Snyder Game War into five Orioles Mancini Dodgers trade Turner Pirates keep Ryan Hayes on the glove relic and Mackenzie for Cleveland there autos now Got Royals Daniel Lynch Phillies Hans Kraus Orioles Mike Bauman Cardinals Juan Yepez Royals Kyle Isbell Minnesota Trevor Larnack Giants Elliot Ramos Rangers Dustin Harris Royals Vinnie Pasquantino nice hit Royals Mariners Cal Raleigh Angels Chris Rodriguez A's Brett Honeywell Nats Riley Adams Rays Shane Boz Washington you want a dome Mets Patrick Mazzica Cubs Brandon Davis Nats Ryan Zimmerman Orioles Trey Mancini A's Christian Pache Mariners Matt Brash Yankees Louise Hewell Rockies Ryan delayed Mets Tyler McGill Pirates Roanze Contreras Redemptions here Marlins Edward Cabrera RPA Red Dodgers David Price Immaculate signature is gold and Mariners Jared Kalanick immaculate marks So this one did not fit in a sleeve really thick Tom Murphy glove relic auto Mariners 22 and 25 Nolan Gorman patch auto Cardinals one of ten Prospect patch auto printing plate patch auto one-of-one is Drew Ellis for the Diamondbacks and A Seya Suzuki signature 65 of 99 for the Cubs That's gonna do it. Thanks again everybody. I'm warm actually coming up


Нижану. Она только что прошла, но почему? Good morning dear colleagues, let me introduce myself. My name is Viktor Golub. I'm from Institute of High Temporation Academy of Science because there is not chairman. I have to start myself. I appreciate very much the possibility. Just a moment. I appreciate very much the possibility to meet with you today and I'd like to tell you about acceleration of the spherical expanding hydrogen air flames. Acceleration of the flame fraud is a very complex process, influenced by very different phenomena. Just, sorry, some problems at the moment. Excuse me, 5 minutes ago it was very good, but nothing, some problem. Nevertheless, I will try. Immediately after initiation, the flame front is smooth and spherical, but with increasing size, the flame front is deformed and accelerated. It's because there are a lot of different instability, thermal diffusion, Daryl-Andau instability, Ray-Tail instability and turbulence. When the flame front reaches a critical value, its acceleration becomes first non-themed, same severe and then self-similar. Пекле-Намба, it is ratio of radius of a front and flame front thickness. Up to date, there are a lot of approaches to modeling the acceleration of the flame. Analytical models, fractal approach, analysis of individual instability, interaction of the flame front with turbulence, statistical turbulence approach of Kalmogorov-Обухов and numerical methods. Flame-Fretian numerical methods, Reynolds average, Navier-Stokes equation, the methods of large vertices and direct numerical simulation. The motivation of this work is the velocity of flame propagation is important factor for risk assessment. The knowledge of acceleration of spherical expanding hydrogen-air flames in big volume is limited. And following task we must solve, generalization of this knowledge about influence of individual physical phenomena on the acceleration of spherical premixed flames, experimental determination of the flame acceleration in a large volume. The description of the acceleration of the spherical expanding hydrogen-air flames by means Kalmogorov-Low. Ламинер-боргинг velocity. It is very important value. It is fundamental value, depending on the composition of the fuel mixture, which is defined as a velocity of the flame element in stationary combustible gas. As a result of thermal expansion during combustion, the visible flame velocity exceeds the normal combustion rate as a coefficient of thermal expansion. It is coefficient of thermal expansion. Real effect of flame curvature on chemical kinetics, diffusion, thermal conductivity and flame velocity is possible obtained with help of Markstein approach. On this graph you can see here dependence of Markstein lengths on equivalent ratio. This part of graph is lean mixture, less than one year. This part of graph is rich mixing. Markstein lengths, it is a dimensional parameter, which connects the flame curvature and boarding rate. For different combustible mixtures, the effect may have an opposite sign. When the front of flame is deformed, its velocity changes. You can see here, sigma t, it is areas of the corvette front and it is line, it is areas of the flat one. But nevertheless, the amount of combustible mixture passes through the corvette front the same as through the flat front. Это area of corvette front, it is laminar velocity, it is area of flat front, it is turbulent velocity. And we can obtain equation for turbulent velocity and the velocity of the deformed flame front exceeds the velocity of the flat front as the ratio of the areas of corvette front and the flat one. It is need to have some equation describing the turbulent flame velocity taking into account various factors. And this equation includes, of course, very well factor, thermal expansion factor, then diffuser of thermal stability, velocity coefficient, derriere landau instability, velocity coefficient, relay terrain stability, velocity coefficient and turbulent pulsation velocity coefficient. Here you can see the initial stage of informed spherical spread of the flame. It is sharing image of spherical flame front down moment for millisecond. And in this case, it is only one coefficient, it is real coefficient, another equal one. Immediately after initiation, the propagation of spherical flame is determined by the normal flame velocity, the thermal expansion of combustion products and curvature of the front. Different instability lead to different patterns of flow. You can see sharing image of spherical flame propagation for millisecond and 25 milliseconds. Depending on kind of type of instability and condition, the patterns can be informed of cells different size or oscillation different fluctuation. To determine the measure of diffuser of thermal instability, as usual, use so-called Lewis Criterion. Criterion, it is ratio of thermal diffusivity to the diffusion coefficient. You can see here expression. In this case, when Lewis more than Lewis critical, the transfer, you can see red and blue line, heat diffusion and mass diffusion. In this case, the transfer of heat is more intense than the transfer of reagent. We can in this case stable case of instability. When transfer of the mixing reagent is more intense than heat transfer, we have unstable kind of diffuser of thermal instability. But what is limiting value of this Lewis Criterion? The limiting value of Lewis Criterion is determined through the Zeldowich Criterion. You can see, as usual, it's about 0.8 value. And Zeldowich Criterion, it is ratio of thickness of the heating layer and chemical reaction layer. The next surface factor of diffusive thermal instability. It is one of these factors. It is when Lewis number is less than critical value. You can see factor here. The formula approximates, but is suitable for most of estimation. But when Lewis number is above the critical value, it is sort of factor of diffusive thermal instability. You can see here, target pattern of spherically expanding clean butane flame at 30 atmosphere. It's another scale. In this case, you can see this value 1. In this case, when Lewis number is above critical value, it's possible to say that diffusive thermal instability is manifested in the vibrational modes and makes no significant contribution to the surface area of the flame. Next, instability Darya Landau. You can see here very simple sketch, deviation of flow lines, leading to Darya Landau instability. And it is a positive feedback scheme. A sense of Darya Landau instability is very simple. Increase in the flame, flame convex increases to the flame velocity, which is stored increases the convex of flame. Positive, usual positive feedback. Landau in 1944 showed that flame becomes unstable when Reynolds number more than 1. Of course, it's a surprise, but he suggested the flame is infinity sin. Стратов Лебрович in 1966 showed that flame becomes unstable when Reynolds number more than 1,000. He suggested, he showed that flame thickness and velocity depends on chemical kinetics, diffusion and thermal conductivity. This process prevents the development of perturbation with small wavelengths. As a result, the decreasing flame thickness promotes the hydrodynamic instability. Next surface factor for Darya Landau instability you can see here. It's obtained from different question. Real characteristic times and special scales of Darya instability growth presented in this table. It is different column, different concentration of hydrogen. It is minimal time of Darya Landau instability growth. You can see that value are calculated by the algorithm proposed by Stratov and Librovich. With increase in hydrogen concentration, Darya Landau instability begins early. You can see here very small time. It is a peninsula of instability of spherical expanding flames. This graph shows the range of unstable modes for given Peclet number. As the size of flame grows, the Peclet number increases, correspondingly more harmonic oscillations are amplified. It is needed to obtain dependence of critical Peclet number on Markstein number. It is possible to use two types. We know two types of these dependence. One of them you can see here from this graph. Another one from this equation. But ten times difference between Peclet number from this and this possibility case. Why, what is the reason of this difference? The reason is because Markstein number, it is Markstein length divided on the thickness of flame. But you can see here on this graph the flame thickness very, very different value. It is possible obtained in literature. And it is reason why the critical Peclet number depends on the Markstein number. Markstein number depends on thickness of flame front. But the thickness of the flame front can differ by the factor of tens. It is our experimental setup used in this investigation. It is very 900 meters. It is some envelope of 4.5 meters and sub-bubble of 5 liters. This slide shows an image of different flame front propagation in sub-bubble. Relative instability occurs at the interface between two fluids of different densities when subjected to acceleration in the direction from the lighter to the heavier. It is need to obtain the surface factor for this value. You can see here very, very important Borgi diagram is useful classification of turbulent combustion regimes. You can see here different picture with different regime and flame propagating regime is terms of turbulence intensity and another kind of special coefficient connected with this problem. Of course, there are a lot of models for integration of flame with turbulence. It is some critical review of this model. Runs describe large-scale and temporal variations of the mean flow velocity that require model of influence of turbulent fluctuation on this variation. Large AD simulation is simulation technique that deals with transport equation averaged from the small spatial volume using a low pass filter. The less equation resolves turbulent edges larger than the filter width. Then there is solution of transport equation using a numerical grid that is sufficiently fine to resolve the smallest turbulent edges and mixture non-uniformity. BML, approach of modeling premixed turbulent combustion developed by Bray, Mos and Libya by assuming that various in mixture characteristic are localized to flame leads. There is a result, these models are quite complex and complex adapted to the solution of a specific problem under strictly limited condition. There are more simple estimates of the effects of turbulence on the flame front. First of all, it is shocking in 1943 when pulsation more than laminar velocity. In this case, the flame velocity proportional to turbulent pulsation this coefficient. Another case, when turbulent pulsation less velocity turbulent pulsation less than laminar velocity in this case it's a Scarlet equation the flame velocity is proportional to the square rod of the turbulent pulsation. Very important part is fractal. Фрактал development of the flame surface with spherical flame from propagates you can see here it is first, second on this picture you can see three scale of in gamaganges and with the growth of the flame the number of scales increases. Acceleration of flame caused by fractal structure of flame front. Here you can see the area of turbulent red line area of turbulent flame front and green line it is area of laminar turbulent front. The volume of burned gaze enveloped by wrinkling sphere grows proportionally to the wrinkling flame surface. Of course you can see here substitution the power acceleration equation obtained by Gastin will find the flame area of fractal growth with the exponent 7th thought that means one thought fractal excess. It's simple to obtain the wrinkling flame surface equation and you can see here difference between flame area of flame turbulent and area of flame laminar one thought it is fractal excess fractal excess arises in turbulent flame when later are treated as passive front passive front moving through the Kalmogorov flow field. Of course there are different reports devoted to numerical simulation of fractal structure. You can see here succession position of the flame front showing fractal like structure it was obtained flame tracking numerical method and this graph shows acceleration exponent and fractal excess calculated by different methods for different degree of expansion you can see it is different degree of expansion sigma it is value of exponent the value of exponent at fractal excess depend both on the properties of combustible mixture and on the method of results interpretation now you can see fractal structure dynamics it is our experiment on the flame front development it is saw bubble hydrogen air mixture lean mixture 10% hydrogen you can see different time moment it is 25 millisecond there are very interesting similarity of the large spherical flames and other turbulent objects on this table you can see different gases different mixture and clothes and something in ocean but all of them it is possible to express this this function similarity of low low governing propagation of large spherical flames and the transfer of velocity pulsation in the atmosphere in the ocean and the temporal dependence of the flame radius is nearly identical for all phenomena discussed that relates to Kolmogorov theory it is Kolmogorov scale Kolmogorov time but nevertheless for all of this case it is one one low conclusion spherical propagation of flame is a multi-stage process that cannot be described by single universal theory during the propagation of the flame various front instability occurs which at a certain stage make the main contribution to acceleration аналитик solution of varying degrees of approximation unknown which describe various type of instability there are many models for numerical simulation created by solving specific tasks and completely unsuitable for related problems approximate engineering estimation methods give a satisfactory accuracy to the results a variety of combination of similarity criteria and fundamental quantities characteristic of different gas mixture causes many scenarios of flame acceleration when flame reaches sufficiently large size it begins to accelerate according to the power low of course there are a lot of attempts to describe flame acceleration with power low you can see here some report hints of the acceleration of the flame front is approximately by power low with different exponents in many works also attempt to cover the wide range of flame scales with the power dependences but satisfactory coincidence is observed only in small segments what function describe the initial stage of flame acceleration you can see its results of our experiment some analysis of the application of power of function with constant exponent it is power of function with constant exponent without initial distance shift it is with initial distance shift but nevertheless in some segments the flame moves faster it is not so good there are you can see results paper for Kim 2015 it is acceleration dependent on Pecler very interesting results you can see too much oscillation it is our experiment approximately the same the exponent calculated as the ratio of logarithm of radius and time changes markedly as diameter of the flame increases the pre-exponent and its dimensionality also changes the problem you can see here all of this point another dimensionality it's impossible when value acceleration exponent variation A pre-exponent value variation A value variation dimension variation it is incorrect use of equation the use of power function to describe the acceleration of flame in transient mode forces us to solve incorrect problem of determining the pre-exponent it is our results the dependence of radius of flame front on time in the initial stage you can see uneven flame propagation with acceleration and deceleration it is so wobble hydrogen air mixture of course you can see here flame front velocity non monotonic from 0.8 up to 1.9 and relative instability condition change you can see at what number it is our case at what number is constant but you can see here field with positive and negative acceleration and at initial stage the condition for development of relative instability arrives and then decrease it is our infrared image of sequence of hydrogen air flame propagation concentration 50% cylinder diameter 1.5 meter high 2.4 meters it is image sequence at hydrogen air flame propagation up to 50 milliseconds the hemispherical flame propagation is absorbed in horizontal direction slows down in vertical direction decrease slows down in vertical decrease now it is comparison of flame front propagation with literature done the data of near stoichiometric hydrogen air mixture large scale we compare it with the data obtained at different states stands of different times unfortunately data of flame propagation in large volume of lean hydrogen mixture are not available but it is very important for point of some explosion here you can see for different hydrogen concentration dynamic of flame propagation in various lean hydrogen air mixture it is 30% 20% 50% and very lean 12% flame velocity strongly depends on the hydrogen content and there are two stages hemispherical stage and quasi parallel flame front on the left graph you can see dependence of flame position on time at hemispherical propagation in all cases with exponent close to 1.1 on the right graph you can see dependence of the flame position on time at quasi planar propagation the exponent close to 3 the flame is accelerated by power low with a constant exponent both in hemispherical and quasi planar stage of flame propagation for exponent increases monotonically with increasing hydrogen concentration here you see some attempt of application of low to dynamics of flame front it is black line it is case when velocity of specific velocity of turbulent energy dissipation is constant you can see that constant value of specific rate of turbulent energy dissipation assumes the flame propagation only by power low with exponent 1.5 so specific dissipation rate of turbulent energy cannot be constant and you can see some equation for specific rate of turbulent energy dissipation dependence on time here it is possible obtained value and it is possible obtained value of specific velocity of dissipation turbulent energy specific rate of turbulent energy dissipation makes it possible to describe flames expanding in accordance with power low with exponent different from 1.5 you can see here acceleration of flame with variable specific rate of turbulent energy dissipation you can see here very good results summary the series of experiments of propagation of the flame front in hydrogen air mixture of the various composition in cylindrical shell with volume 4.5 meter and 5 liter so bubble was carried out propagation of the flame front was detected with infrared video registration and sharing visualization the dependence of the position of the flame front on time for various gas mixture and characteristic picture of the flame front are obtained at the initial stage of flame propagation both acceleration and acceleration occurs in this case the condition of the development of relative instability arise and then decrease Results of large scale experiments with lean mixture in cylindrical envelope demonstrate flame acceleration by power low with constant exponent different from 1.5 interpretation of the results by the means of turbulent gas flame acceleration model based on the Kalmogorov-Obukhov low revealed the need for correction this model the model was supplemented by variable specific rate of turbulent energy dissipation which allowed the model dependencies in accordance with experimental date thank you because there is not chairman oh it's nice to meet you


Hello everybody! This video will show you how to enable AHCI mode for a computer where an operating system had already been installed. The SATA interface can operate in two modes – ADE and AHCI. IDE – a compatibility mode for all your equipment and software. In effect, in this mode, SATA capacity is no different from its predecessor – ATTA or PATTA interface. AHCI – a new mode for memory devices where a computer can use all SATA advantages, primarily higher speed of data exchange with SSD and HDD, as well as hot-swapping of hard disks. When you activate AHCI mode, it increases the speed of access to files in memory devices and improves overall performance of your computer. It is quite possible that AHCI mode is already enabled in your PC. It can be checked in several ways. 1. Go to Device Manager. Open the section IDE – ATTA – a TAPI Controllers. If there is a device containing AHCI in its name, as in our case, it means that AHCI mode is used in this computer. 2. Go to BIOS or UFI. Watch another video on our channel to see how to enter BIOS or UFI in your PC or laptop. Find the link in the description. Find an item with the name, storage options, SATA mode, SATA emulation or anything similar. If the value of such item is AHCI, then AHCI mode is already enabled. If the value says IDE, don't hurry to change it into AHCI. The matter is that if you just enable AHCI mode for after-windows installation, you will face Absort Error – inaccessible boot device, which is known as Blue Screen of Death. Or your system will refuse to boot, getting stuck in a series of stunts. That is why it is recommended to enable AHCI before installing Windows. Please take note that in some computers there is no BIOS option to change to AHCI mode. In this case, the problem can sometimes be fixed by updating the BIOS. Watch one of the videos in our channel to learn how to update BIOS. Find the link in the description. There are several ways to enable AHCI mode for SATA on a computer where Windows is already installed, and Windows will work normally after this operation. 1. Register Editor To do it, press Windows Plus R and type in the command regedit.  In the next section, I A STORE A V, START OVERRIDE, set the zero value for the element zero. In the section STORE AHCI, set the value to zero for START ELEMENT. In the subsection START OVERRIDE, set the zero value for the element zero. In our case, there is nothing to see, but you will see it if AHCI has not been enabled yet. After that, close the register editor, restart the computer and go to UFI or BIOS. For the first time after the restart, it is better to boot Windows in SAVE mode. All methods to boot Windows in SAVE mode are described in detail in this video by our channel. You will find the link in the description. In UFI or BIOS, find SATA settings to select the mode for memory devices. Switch them to AHCI, save settings and restart the computer. After the restart, Windows will start installation of SATA drivers, and when it is over, it will ask you for another restart. Do it, and AHCI mode in Windows will be enabled. If the first method didn't work for some reason, here is another way to do it. To begin with, if you have problems with booting Windows in AHCI mode, go back to IDE and restart the computer. After that, launch the command prompt as administrator. Tap in the command prompt, bcd edit, set, current, save boot minimal and press Enter. After you see a message that the operation is successful, restart the computer. Before booting your PC, enable AHCI in BIOS or UFI using the method we have already described and save the settings. The computer will boot in SAVE mode and install all necessary drivers.  After the command is executed, restart the computer again. This time Windows should boot with AHCI enabled and without any problems. As you can see, these actions can theoretically result in unwanted consequences such as inability to start the operating system. That is why you should do it only if you know why you do it. If you can end the BIOS or UFI and if you are ready to fix unforeseen consequences if anything happens, for example, you may have to reinstall Windows in AHCI mode. If you liked this video, click the like button below and subscribe to our channel to see more. We'll be glad to answer any questions and comments. Thank you for watching and good luck.


Although Michael Jackson passed away in 2009, he's still making tabloid headlines over a decade later. His memory has lived on through his music, hologram versions of him, and even through the properties he left behind. Drive in and forget about all your problems. You were in Neverland. It was a fantasy. The days were filled with magical childhood adventure experiences. Playing tag, watching movies, eating junk food, anything you could ever want. Of course there's the infamous Neverland Ranch where Michael created his own amusement park. The homebehills mega mansion he spent his final days and much more. We'll be taking a look at where the legendary Michael Jackson used to call home, even his first LA spot. Do you guys know which house that is? Stay tuned and I'll show you. Michael Jackson was a singer, songwriter and dancer dubbed the King of Pop and regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. Honestly the man is a legend and will always be considered one of the greatest entertainers in the history of music as well. He popularized crazy dance techniques like the moonwalk, his music has influenced artists across genres and his contributions to everything from music to fashion and more made Michael a global figure in pop culture for more than 40 years. I could go on and on about the man's accomplishments and awards but just to sum it up he's the most awarded artist in the history of popular music. Despite Michael's public controversies later in his career, when he passed away in 2009 from an overdose administered by his personal physician, fans put controversies aside to celebrate Michael as the icon he was. Getting into Michael's net worth is slightly confusing because although the singer was super wealthy and continued to make millions after his death, they said Michael was a millionaire who had lived like a billionaire and died in debt. But post passing, Michael topped Forbes list of highest paid dead celebs of 2018, raking in $400 million just that year. One thing we know Michael blew a ton of money on was his Neverland ranch, outfitting the property with a zoo, theme park, train station and more. But that's not the only one of his homes we're gonna look at.  You guys requested this one so we'll be looking at the king of pop Michael Jackson and where he called home throughout his life. We'll take a look at his first LA home, Neverland, the last place he lived before passing and more. If you like these videos make sure you're subscribed and ring that bell to be notified when we post you can always be up to date. We've also done house tours on the lakes of Julia Roberts and Jamie Foxx and we'll link to some at the end. Follow me on Instagram to chat and as usual let me know who's house tour is next in those comments down below. Of course even Michael Jackson had to start somewhere. This wasn't where the Jackson's were born but it was the first fancy home the family would live in during their climb to success. In 1969 just as the Jackson 5 group was starting to hit it big, Motown founder Barry Gordy rented a house in West Hollywood for the family to live in. At the time Michael's father had been living in various LA area hotels with Michael's brothers while Michael spent a month staying with Diana Ross. This home allowed for the family to be brought together. The Mediterranean style home boasted 2,962 feet of living space with four beds and four baths as well as a gorgeous view of Los Angeles. The new living room alone was twice the size of Michael's childhood home back in Indiana. But although they liked their new home the Jackson's wouldn't stay long. Just after seven months of moving in they relocated to another leased home because apparently they would make too much noise with their music. Either way it was Michael's first experience with a fancy LA home. Although Michael hopped around Los Angeles homes and lived in some beautiful places we can all agree his dream house was his Neverland Ranch. Sycamore Valley Ranch as it was named is famously known as Neverland and is a developed property in Santa Barbara California on the edge of Los Padres National Forest. It's known for being Michael's home and private amusement park from 1988 until 2005. Michael bought the place for an unknown amount some sources claiming 19.5 million while others suggest it was closer to 30 million. He named it after the fantasy island in the story of Peter Pan a boy who never grows up and it spanned a whopping 2,700 acres of land. There was a French Normandy style main house which was absolutely beautiful full of wooden and brick accents in a cozy vibe. It's been 12,598 square feet with six bedrooms and nine baths. Michael had an impressive first floor master suite complete with not one but two master baths. The house is nestled between landscape gardens and a four acre lake with waterfall if you can believe it. Not to mention the amazing mountain views you get from the property too. As you can see from the photos the main house is far from the only structure on the property. There were three separate guest homes a 5,500 square foot movie theater with stage, barns, animal shelter facilities, corrals and even a maintenance shop. And one of the most memorable structures from Neverland has got to be the Disney themed train station. Living here for over 15 years Michael made the place into something really special so it's no wonder he blew so much of his fortune on creating it. He had three railroads attached to that iconic train station with a steam locomotive named after his mother Catherine and two coaches. There was another narrow train and a custom made private electric train just for Michael's own children. There was also a ferris wheel, carousel, zipper, octopus, by the way my least favorite ride ever. I've had so many traumatic experiences. A pirate ship, wave swinger, roller coaster, super slide, bumper cars and an arcade. Elsewhere on the property you'll find a petting zoo, a dance studio, 14 foot lagoon style pool, outdoor barbecue, tennis court and staff facilities. Honestly as much as that is I'm probably still forgetting something. Bottom line Michael really put so much work into Neverland and literally had everything you could imagine on the property. Despite all of that post Michael's passing it's been a hard sell. There are many theories as to why one of which being the bad press the ranch received at one point and of course it's also crazy expensive. As of 2020 the ranch has been pulled off the market after failing to sell for almost five years once being listed at a massive $100 million. It's currently co-owned by Colony Capital and the estate of Michael Jackson and is on and off again for sale. It's reported that Colony uses this ranch as an investor retreat and to entertain celebrities. Before we look at the final mansion of Michael Jackson in Los Angeles he also lived in this Vegas home from 2007 until the year he died 2009. This has been dubbed the Thrilla Villa and it's pretty unique inside to say least. It was one of Michael's last known residences renting it out for a couple of years with his three children. Most recently it was on the market for 9.5 million. But it's unknown how much the king of pot paid in rent. The Vegas mansion sat on 1.7 acres of land, insights spanning over 16,000 square feet with seven beds and more than 10 baths. The estate welcomes you with a massive iron gate and cobblestone paved circular driveway. It's decked out in a posh old world design inside with high ceilings and expansive common areas. A salon features a massive stone fireplace and glass chandelier while a foyer and bar leads to a courtyard with fountain. The main master suite occupies the entire top floor and still has the original mirrors Michael used to rehearse his famous dances in. Among the many larger than life features of the mansion there's a two storey 74 seat medieval chapel with hand painted sky scene and crown of thorn chandelier. Honestly I think this home is my fave so far because it reminds me of a castle. Although Michael lived in that Vegas home he passed away in Los Angeles and the other mansion where he spent his final days was located to Homeby Hills LA and a neat neighborhood home to Kylie Jenner and the previous Playboy Mansion. Michael is renting this huge mansion for a whopping 100K in 2009 and it was actually built by famous mega mansion developer and father to Gigi and Bella Hadid, Muhammad Hadid. The residence spanned over 17,000 square feet and was built in a French chateau style. The home boasted seven beds and 13 baths but considering Michael died here it also left the mansion with a pretty dark history while coming from someone who believes in ghosts that is. The elegant and sophisticated estate has a grand double height entry with winding staircase and chandelier, wood paneled library with fireplace, home screening room and countless other charming spaces throughout. Not to mention it was complete with an elevator, spa with gym, wine cellar and even a guest house with stained glass doors. Outside on the one acre plus grounds it was also a pool. Michael stayed here before launching his world tour until his untimely passing in the home's master bedroom. Considering the mansion's eerie history it was a tough sell but finally ended up selling for 18.1 million in 2012 while below the original asking price. What do you guys think would you live in this Homeby Hills house or too haunted for your liking? I'm gonna wrap this video up here because we could go on exploring Michael Jackson's previous residences for hours. I gotta say the man has some extravagant but great taste. Those recent homes he lived in like the Thrill of Villa in Vegas and the Homeby Hills estate he spent his final moments, both resembled palaces. I really do love that old world medieval style in a home and when it comes to Neverland that ranch was in the league of its own. I wanna know what you guys thought of the King of Pops properties, which was your fave? Would you live in these mansions despite their histories? Let me know in the comments as well as what celebrity house tours you wanna see next on this channel. I also just launched a personal channel and I'm doing some at home vids so if you guys wanna know me better, be sure to like and subscribe. I'll be replying to all my comments on there so we'll link you my first vlog. Thanks for tuning in, follow me on Instagram to chat and I'll see you all in the next video. Bye.


the real story behind the legend of Cocaine Bear. Cocaine Bear is currently in theaters, bringing with it an onslaught of severed limbs, blood-soaked victims, and gruesome mayhem. Yet that is not exactly how the true narrative of the Cocaine Bear, also known as Pablo Escobar, would be described. The discovery of a dead bear in George's Chattahoochee National Forest in 1985 inspired Jimmy Warden's screenplay for Banks' film. In September 1985, Andrew Thornton, a convicted drug smuggler, died in a parachute accident. The current assumption is that Thornton was traveling in an airplane with 880 pounds of cocaine and believed the federal government was tailing him, so he threw some of the cash out of the plane and parachuted with the rest. His strategy went astray.