Okay. Hello everybody. So I'm Chélie. I'm the responsible for the project in France. And I just want to explain how we got these colleagues and why we are there. So first we are there because of Emmaus. And I meant imagine you don't know what is Emmaus. So I will start with that to try to explain to you what it is. So as you can read, Emmaus is an association who works with people who are very, very big troubles in life. And they take them to work and to live in communities. In communities to work and to be able to reconstruct themselves. And I'm very proud to introduce you just on the floor who is there, who is a companion of Emmaus. Who lives in the community of former. And our work, your work, their local work, gives him a future. And I perhaps just kind of applaud him because he made a great work in this project. Just to imagine what it is, one community is more or less 50 persons living together. In France they are now over 120 communities. And Emmaus is present in 28 countries in the world for a moment. What does Emmaus? It's a very, very easy idea. It's just to pick up the waste in the houses, to reformation and to resell it. And since some years Emmaus started to work also in recycling. That means not only resell, but dismantle and put it into a recycling unit. Okay, this is how it started with Abé Pierre, who was the founder of Emmaus. He is a very, very famous personality in France. It's the first world personality in France. And he founded Emmaus in 1554. Okay, now what is Emmaus working with? Okay, as you can imagine, when you take waste, you have a lot, a lot and a lot. And we are just in those concretes of all computers which arise in Emmaus community. And so the question was, what can we do, what can we do with it? And so, first on to it could be recycling. Okay, that's a job for Emmaus. They know how to do that. They can't put on one side iron, on the other side plastic. That's not a problem. But Emmaus want to go further, want to reuse, where it's possible. And we knew that for computers it's possible to reuse old gears. Okay, then we started to search solutions. At first, we just called Windows. Meet Microsoft and explain what we are trying to do and could we have some license for free to use it in our project. And as you can imagine, the answer was no. Okay, then we started to search in Windows. And then we found these distributions. It's working. If you take a Pentium 1, you can do something with it. But you need more or less 20 or 40 hours to put together one computer. And you can't use that to make a great job. And then we found score Linux. And that was the answer we were searching for.  And so we need to create a reuse process. But as we test the score Linux, it was a great software. But it was few things in French. And it was not really adapted to the French. So we needed to make a work on, to adapt to what we needed in France. And so, as you can imagine, it's not a job for MIS people to develop software. And so we gave them both to create both competences who could do that. And that gave the both of a luck. This name shows you, which was created in March 2005. Then the idea is to create a concept of social economy. That perhaps something different than what you said just before. Because to transform all computers in few planes, that could become a new competence for MIS. And that's for us a commitment. Because we will be able to offer new ways of socialization with that. Okay, and we are also on appointment. Perhaps you heard about this direct directive on waste of electrical and electronic equipment. Did you heard of that? Yes, it's a directive which will be applicable normally this summer. And the text is very easy, just saying, you will not be able again to put your computer just in recycling. That's now for big. Okay, and so in France, as many countries in Europe, they are such partners to do this job. To do something with all this material. And so our mission is to be one of the trustful partners in France to do that. To take this old material and to do something with it. Okay, so now that I explained that, what are our goals and our partners. Okay, as we go around school years, we just found this existing functionality. Okay, for the developers, I imagine you know that. But that was important for us. Okay, as I said, a solution to real old computers. Also, a numeric working of evidence. This is something which is researched by the Ministry of Education in France. Just to say when one child goes to one computer, when you're looking, it has to go on his desktop. Not on the desktop, on the phone, but on his desktop. And that is working already in school years. You can go on every computer you want, it's working. So, a large offer in teaching software in French. That's a particular point because if you take school years like that, you have only a few software which are in French. But in France, we have plenty of them. And it's not very difficult just to take them and install them in school years. So, it could be in this batch but also in another one. A system study in school. And what was also very important is the filter of internet access. What we need and which for the moment don't exist. Okay, then administration. We went into the fast way and instead of the seller, we found a root access. And that's very important for us. Just to say, the teacher in the school don't have to administrate the computers. That's not their job. That has to be done in another way. So, they don't need a root access. And all the things they have to do, means create users, means manage internet access, connect the printer has to be done. We found a root access. Also, an internet for the school, a space to publish what the child do. That's a very, very big point.  You know that nobody wants to, will read what you have written. But if you work on the internet, you know that every child in the school will be able to read that. And that's the opposite of that. That's a new way to learn. It's a new tool for the teacher to say, just do it right. Because the other are going to look at what you are doing. Also, all the books you have written are competencies management, library management, and school management. But, just to say, we started this work and we will show you tomorrow what we already did and what we plan to do. Okay, so this work, as I said, comes with my image. So we needed to partner with the French community and first, just to co-ordination between international and local schools. Meaning, just be able to explain what we are working on. Be able to share what we did and bring it back in the international area. That's also a call for this weekend. And, so just to obtain this French-specific version needed for us. And also, a co-ordination in France between all the projects on the education which we are using today. And there are a lot of friends. We counted more or less 10. That's really a lot. And we have to work with all these people to get that one current project. And then, another partner for us is the local ministry of education. And so perhaps you could welcome the only woman of this gathering which is Michelle. And she is the local ministry of education in France. So in our team we are four teaching experts working with us, teachers, just to be able to do how you say it. To take this project from the masses and to get it done. Okay, what the local ministry of education does also is to do the training of the teachers. We will just provide the training for the teachers' trainers. And that's it. And all the education will be done by the ministry of education. And that's also for us a big chance for the project. Because we don't have to tell them you have to do it, it's a great software. Just tell them no. Because it's done by the local ministry we don't have to do the job. And that's a great word from Michelle. Our project is a town council. Of course, when you install a network you have to buy things. And by things it's for us, for the moment, only by a server and a network installation. That means that you just have to imagine we are sitting on a mountain of computers but we don't have any trouble to get fine plans. For us the cost for fine plans is zero. And our job will be just to propose a plan with that. In the project we have also three software service companies. They are two. There is also a three software company network which is working with us. On two goals. First, to be able to guarantee the quality of what we are doing. And to help us to make them compliant because you just can't do it like that. It's not as easy as that. It's very, very difficult. And after, when they help us, when they test the solution they are also able to offer professional support to the schools. And we are very proud to be able to say to school it will cost you 60 euro per server. And not more. It's very, very cheap. If you know the price of the professional support it's very, very expensive. I don't know how much you sell that in Norway So, our experience and what you are planning for the future. For this year we plan to install three schools. So, two are running. And another is still installing. So, we want to evaluate the software. Is it working? Does it do what we want? And we want the problem to solve on the hardware side and on the software side. And evaluate the economical ability of this project. And also to find a firm to continue the development. Especially... Yes. Yeah, right. So, that's also an important thing for us. Our public is not only schools. Schools is the first one, but not the oldest one. We are working also with social centres where we are going to install school units and in one hospital. That's not for this year. Not in the experience. Imagine three software in the chain. Yes. But to be true perhaps Okay, then for the future we are going to have an MIS school. We think that it's not very hard to transform a natural waste in a firm client. It's very easy. Because you just take all the hardware away and you just keep what is necessary. And you put one metro car in it. That's it. Then you don't have to be an engineer to do that. And that's why we think that the MIS people can do that. We are going to build an MIS recycling factory. And this will start on the 1st of April in our town. I will just explain a little thing. Here we are with the prototype of what we will do. It's just to show that when you do a thin client with a very old computer you don't need anything. There is just one metro car, which is it. And on the metro car we put the network. And I don't know if you know this technology but it's very easy. And you just put the boot code on the computer on the metro car. And so you don't need anything. No floppy, no syndrome, no hard disk, nothing. Then you put the network card. And so we started to produce aprons for the network card. And so we will be able to have very quick a mountain of thin clients. For the end, an invitation. In France, in Nancy, I just want to invite you to the RMLL, which is a free software meeting in France, who will take place from the 4th to the 8th of July. And after that, the proposition will be to have a developer camp in our town. And inside the Emmaus community you can see, visualize, what we try to do there.  You had to learn from the French guys. OK. Peter, you are ready to start? Yes, I guess. Make a short break now. Yeah, just five, ten minutes. While we change the computer, there's something to drink, it gets cold. OK.


The literature review highlights the effectiveness of oral cholera vaccines, OCVs, in various settings including endemic, outbreak response and emergency situations. While two doses are recommended by manufacturers, a single dose would be easier to implement. Recent studies suggest that cold chain requirements may no longer be necessary, and a global OCV stockpile has been established for cholera preparedness. New killed and live attenuated vaccines are being explored as potential candidates for endemic settings and or travel as vaccine. The recent advances in cholera vaccination approaches should be considered in the global cholera control strategy, with the development of affordable cholera vaccines being a major success to improve cholera control.


I wasn't really surprised when Ken Ham got totally schooled in that debate. After all, creationists generally don't have a great response to nihilism. A few months ago, Bill Nye responded to some questions about philosophy that earned him a lot of flak from philosophers. I mean, just google Bill Nye philosophy and you'll see what I mean. It's not pretty. This was mostly because the way that his critical evaluation was phrased meant to clear that his negative opinion wasn't based on a real familiarity with the subject, but on a caricatured stereotype of philosophy as portrayed by popular culture. You know, like, philosophies about when you drop a hammer on your foot is the hammer really real or something. Now, that's not intended as a diss on Mr. Nye. He's an engineer and an educator, not a philosopher. Why someone would ask for his opinion on philosophy is a little peculiar in the first place. Almost as peculiar as the fact that many scientists have taken it upon themselves to comment on philosophy in very much the same way, with very similar results. Popular science figures like Richard Feynman and Stephen Hawking have called out philosophy, asserting that while science is out discovering new truths about the universe, philosophy just sort of sits around pondering aimlessly and not getting anything done. You get a job, but why compare them in the first place? I mean, science and philosophy are both interested in truth, sure, but while science is occupied with figuring out how stuff works, philosophy is more about how we might think about it, what it might mean, how our limited perception of things might influence our other beliefs. Those sorts of things. Well, there's a familiar pattern to this debate that appears in a ton of different places, and its participants very rarely know that they're reciting a very old script. Let's rewind a little more than two thousand years ago, back before we knew anything about germs or which organs did what, really anything about medicine at all. There were still physicians, but let's just say that you'd probably prefer to walk it off whenever you could. In this period of general medical ignorance arose two medical schools with fundamentally opposing ideologies, the dogmatic or rationalist school, and the empiric school. Just about anybody in ancient Greece who claimed to be a physician belonged to either one or the other. The rationalist school emphasized understanding the underlying hidden causes of disease, the whys and hows of what made people sick. They believed that medical knowledge primarily came from careful analysis. Maybe your fever was due to an imbalance in your humors, or maybe you had too much of one of the four elements in your diet. The rationalist school focused on figuring out the principles behind health and manipulating them to make people well again. They believed that knowing stuff like why we breathe or why our heart speed was essential to fixing those things if they stopped working properly. They were very into dissecting cadavers and learning anatomy, which is something that's considered to be pretty important for med students nowadays. Counter to this approach was the empiric school, which instead focused on treating the apparent causes of diseases, fixing what was wrong without really worrying about what was causing it. They believed that medical knowledge came primarily from precedent and experimentation. The empiricists believed that it didn't matter at all why eating this herb or drinking that concoction made someone with diarrhea feel better. In fact, they didn't even think that it was possible to know why. All that mattered to them were results. They used a metaphor of a tripod of medicine consisting of history, observation, and analogy. Read what other physicians have tried before, record your patient's response to various treatments, and if they have something that you've never seen before, then try treating it like other stuff that kind of looks like it. Looking back on this little tiff in ancient history, you see some very familiar lines being drawn. Data versus interpretation. Understanding versus results. Yeah, this isn't anything new. The thing is, with the benefit of hindsight, we can see just how ridiculous this ideological divide was, especially in the context of medicine, which is more important, making people feel better or knowing how to keep them from getting sick. The central problem upon which that question turns is how human reason interfaces with the world, how we acquire knowledge and use it to think. Bear with me, this is going to get a little abstract. So one way to think about thought is as a world simulation process. We gather information about our environment through our senses. We find patterns in that information. We assign abstract symbols to those patterns and then combine them in various ways to try and figure out what's happening and what might happen. Like if I asked you, could a cat sit on a mat? You might never have seen a cat sitting on a mat before. You might have no real world experience to tell if that's possible or what it would even entail. But you can work with abstractions of your experiences to figure out what that could be like. You could use a symbol, an abstraction, a general concept of what a cat is formed through hundreds of interactions with the world. Everything from the My First Animals book that your parents read to you when you were a child to your own pets to all of those poorly spelled internet memes. Then you can do the same thing for sitting and for mats. Your brain then combines those abstractions into a general idea of what that situation might look like in the real world. And using rules of logic and probability, which are also abstractions, you can say yes with relative certainty. And there's no real way to say which part of that process of thought is more essential for answering the question. Could you do it without having learned anything about cats? No. Could you do it without using those abstract symbols and putting them together to see what works? Of course not. And yet we can see people asking which is more important in a ton of different places. You've probably figured out how philosophy and science fit into this framework, but if you look closely, the fields themselves are often split in exactly the same way. Many philosophers are probably already familiar with rationalism and empiricism, to beliefs about where knowledge primarily comes from, either sensory data or reasoning. For them, this is just the tip of the iceberg. If you talk to a modern day experimental physicist, you might get in earful about how theoreticians think they're so smart for coming up with cockamamie ideas to explain the real, meaningful, concrete data that they collect. There's some real sass within many fields of science between theory and experiment, which recapitulates this divide perfectly. And to this day, there are still arguments within the field of medicine about clinical application versus research. Now, to be fair, just because this divide is mostly an argument about emphasis doesn't mean that it's not worth examining. Too much of one and not enough of the other can lead to some big problems. Some philosophers have been paralyzed by meaningless dissection of abstractions with no real understanding gained. A whole bunch of brilliant scientists have been so caught up in number crunching and collecting data that they failed to grasp the bigger picture. Both extremes have had drastic effects on human history. However, I think that it's most important to recognize that both processes are necessary for thought, that if you really want to understand the world, you have to do both.  Ancient false dichotomies non-withstanding. In my mind, the most telling part of this whole kerfuffle is that science itself, to pursuit of understanding the underlying rules of the universe, was known in ancient Greece by a different name. Philo Sophia, the love of knowledge. That's all any of us are after. And let's be honest, there's nothing to be gained by either research or contemplation without the other. Unless you're a mathematician, but that's a whole other can of worms. Where have you seen the rationalist empiricist divide at work? Please leave a comment below and let me know what you think. Thank you very much for watching. Don't forget to blah, blah, subscribe, blah, share, and don't stop thunking.


there's actually potentially something to this. And from that point on, I literally dove straight in. I did not stop. I became a very voracious reader of research and in order to keep myself accountable for the research that I did read and opening myself up to different perspectives, maybe I was off the mark here.


Finally, I'm from South Africa. I did the ITT 120 hour course online and I have to say that I found the material very interesting. I now have a binder full of lessons and tips and ideas and I'm excited to use these when I'm going to South Korea to pursue my teaching career. I'm comfortable that I have good basic training to start my adventure. Thank you ITT.


Okay, just maybe for context, how many of you were at the earlier presentation that Eric Frank did, where he drilled in on the history of bottle roll? Okay. So maybe a third of you. We'll talk just a little bit about what bottle roll is, but then we'll kind of dive into some financial sustainability issues that Dave and I have been working on over the past couple of years. And I should just state up front that a lot of what we'll see is relatively old data considering that bottle roll's history has been three years, we'll be looking at years one and two of their financial history. So there's 33% of its current life that hasn't been studied yet. But let's just kind of dive in. For those of you who don't know, bottle roll knowledge is a for-profit company. It's received some significant venture capital funds, and their basic business model is that they will give away their textbooks for free. You can go to their website and read them online. But they also have a variety of other formats that you could purchase. So if you want to buy a paper or a copy, you can do that. If you want, there's a mp3, if you want to listen, you can do that. If you want just a little part, maybe you only want one chapter, you can do that. So they have lots of different auxiliaries. So the first thing that we did was in 2009, and at this point in time, bottle roll was doing some beta testing. So they wait, and this is going to be the winter of 2009. They had six texts, they were used in 27 classrooms, about 750 students participated. And kind of the radical idea here is we're putting our textbook online for free. It's licensed openly so that professors can make whatever modifications they want to it. And if there's a free textbook available, can you make money? And one of the interesting questions I think that came up in the earlier presentation is is it even right? Is it even in the sphere of openness for a company to be trying to make money? And I think one of the neat things about bottle roll is because they're trying to make money, they have some initiative to go out and get people to actually use their textbook. Because if there's no money involved in creating a nice textbook, someone's got to be beating down the door of the professor saying, please use this textbook. And they've got an incentive to do that, whereas maybe in other places there's not that same incentive. But if everyone uses the free textbook, there's probably no money in it, and bottle roll is not going to last. So this is kind of the whole question, as bottle is modeled, sustainable. So in the beta version of the 720 students, 59% placed in order with bottle roll knowledge, not all of those were for textbooks, because kind of as we mentioned, there are lots of different accelerates that you can buy. The average student spent $20.20. So a total of 294 textbooks were purchased, so about 40% of the students bought a textbook. Considering what your paradigm is on electronic textbooks that could be a surprisingly low or a surprisingly high number, to me I think it's interesting that when there's a free version available, still you have 40% of people this time who wanted to buy the textbook at any minute, the value you have in that printed material. And then these are some of the ancillary products. You can see that flashcards, digital flashcards, were the most popular item. And these are only including those that students bought outside of a bundle. At the time, Flat World had a product you could buy where you could get the textbook plus bundled with lots of other resources. So a lot of students bought that, kind of all you can eat package. But several people, as you can see, went out and bought these other products. So this was the beta test, and now what I'm really focused on is what happened in the 2009, 2010 academic year. So as you can see, their growth was enormous. So instead of a couple of hundred students, they now had about 58,000 students during this academic year. Kind of the question that we wanted to pursue was, did the trans and the beta test hold, and is that enough students to buy a product to support the company? So some of these numbers are kind of tedious, but if you don't mind, we'll just review them just to, I'll be on the same page. So going back here, we've got about 58,000 students and a total of 16,461 print textbooks were purchased for close to half a million dollars in revenue. By the way, I think special kudos is deserved to flat-willed knowledge for being very open and transparent with some of this information. And one interesting findings was how many of the print copies were purchased through a campus bookstore. Originally during the beta period, you had to go into the flat rural website to order the book. But once they rolled out, you could just go and from the student's perspective, there's nothing special about this textbook. It's not, there may not even be aware that it's an open textbook. They go to the bookstore, get their list of the side books, got it. Wow, this is kind of cheap and I'm out of here. So in total, and this is one of maybe one of the key numbers. This is lower than the beta period, 29% of students enrolled in a course purchased a print copy of the textbook. Again, 100% of the students had access online to the textbook. Now, here's another little kind of interesting table. And these are the other ancillary products that they sold. Because, for example, if you don't want to buy the book, but you want to print out a chapter, maybe chapter seven is really tough. And so you think, I need this chapter and I need it on the go. I'm not going to be able to be online, I'm going to be on the train or whatever when I'm studying this chapter. So you can just print out a chapter here. And you can see they sold 40,690 of those and here's the revenue figures. It's kind of interesting to see which ones are the most popular, which ones are the least. So at least at this point in time, the ePub book represented a very low revenue stream. Although it's projected at a time, that may change as students become more and more maybe out of the using tablet devices. So maybe a key takeaway is here. So Flatworld, if you look at their business model, part of it is they're selling the textbook, and part of it is they're selling ancillary products. These digital products made about one-fifth of Flatworld's income in the 2009-2010 academic year. So before we kind of shift onto the cost side, because all the revenue is great, but what did it cost to put this all together, but just kind of summarize. So all the students who were taking a class that used Flatworld materials, you had about two-thirds register on the website. And one out of four of those two-thirds, or in other words, 60% of total students, made a purchase through the Flatworld site. Now again, most of the students who are buying the print textbook are just buying it at the campus bookstore. But you still have a substantial number of students who are buying these other products through the Flatworld site. Average buyer makes 1.3 purchases, and the average purchase price is about $31. And some of these purchases, they could buy a collection of resources, which is why you have a large skew between number of purchases and the amount of total units purchased. We do that in Flatworld together. David, do you have anything that you want to add in on the revenue side so far? OK. So revenue is great. We all love it. But it's also expensive to run a business. So what is this costing? Let's look first at how much does it cost to publish a textbook? Hopefully you've noticed here, several of their textbooks are running a lot. $150,000 for the first 10 textbooks was the average cost. Since then, I think they've learned some things and implemented the last figure I heard here correct, and it's about $120,000 per book. So let's take a look at now these $120,000. How does that spread out? There's six or seven kind of key things here. So we're paying someone upfront money to write the textbook, and that's separate from royalties that they'll receive on sales. Then we pay people to review the book, make sure that we've written a good textbook. Design, illustrations, art, production, creating these different digital versions, audio, EPA version, instructor ancillaries, and then student ancillaries. My understanding is that this is kind of the traditional textbook model. This is what a textbook publisher would be doing. They're going to peer review their book. They're going to pay someone to write it. So it costs between $120,000, or at least in this case $150,000 to get a textbook up and running. But now the challenge is, how do we get this textbook into your classroom? So for those of you in the room who are creators of OER out of the goodness of your heart, and so to you, and this is kind of, I think, maybe where I fall into with migration, I create this OER as a gift to the world, and I'm so excited for someone to use it. And my hope is that I could put it out there, and thousands, if not tens, and hundreds of thousands of people will review it and enjoy it, and humanity will be blessed. But the discouraging part is, I built this great house, and no one comes. And again, this is where a flat world has kind of an interesting dynamic that I think there's important lessons that can be learned. Because they're in it for profit, they have an additional motive to get more people using their textbook. So how do they do this? Well, there's lots of things that go into giving a faculty member to adopt their textbook. And for the time period that we studied, 2009 to 2010, they reported that the average cost of the faculty acquisition was about $900. And the gross profit per class who adopts a book was above $300. So in other words, they have to get a professor to use their textbook for three semesters in a row in order to make up the money of just getting the professor to say, OK, we'll use your textbook. And for me, this was a pretty astounding number. Because you'd think people would be beating down their doors and say, wow, a free textbook for my students, I'm so happy, not the case. This should be a really sobering number for those who are just hoping to freely share information. You're like, well, this is really tough to get information into the hands of people who will use it. Now, I think they've made a few tweaks and changes in how they're getting faculty referrals and trying to do less on their side. Because this word of mouse spreads makes it easier. I think the projections for this next year will only take one semester of the faculty acquisition to pay them back. So let's kind of take a look at the bottom line. Textbooks in current enrollment equal, you can see, what I've done is I've taken the numbers and just to keep it simple, we're just going to have one textbook. So let's say instead of all the textbooks, they just have one current number, so when I say current, I'm referring to the 2009, 2010 school year. They made $61,000 off the one textbook, or $48,000 of that came from the book, and then $13,000 came from these other products. So let me help you here. So when you say $48,000 from the book, you mean from sales and printed versions of the book? Correct. Whereas ancillaries could be digital versions of the book, too, like the audio book or the e-book. Exactly. Or flashcards to help you prepare for quizzes and text. So that's good. And remember that this one textbook cost $150,000 to do. So at least in theory, and in this little equation we've taken out the heavy costs of getting a faculty member to adopt the book, we're in a little bit of trouble, because it's going to take two and a half years to pay off the costs of getting the book written. But this doesn't cover all of the other overhead and other costs that flat-wheel knowledge would face. So if this were the end of the story, we would conclude maybe this is not a sustainable business model. But here's the other piece of the equation. In the beta version, we had 900 people enrolled. And then in the next year, the folks of our study, we're up to 58,000. That's a pretty good growth curve. And then my understanding is, as of right now, we have about 270,000 enrolled students. So that's obviously a very steep and continuing curve. And in this study, 30% of students thought text books, so my understanding is that the current number has increased. So what? All of this is to say that it's very possible that this is a financial sustainable model. And so the question then is, well, who cares? Why does this matter? Because I think where there's something that's financially sustainable, there'll be increased growth and competition. If there's no sustainability, it makes it much harder for the process to continue. Anything else you want to chip in here? No, although I think, is Eric in the back of the room somewhere? Yes. So it's kind of fun to give this talk and have Eric in the room. I mean, you know the current numbers obviously better than we do, because we only look at them year over year at the end. Do you want to chip in anything here? Yeah, I think as a baseline, we were actually pretty happy with what you presented, we were able to analyze at that moment in time. But clearly, we were on a path at some point that were run out of venture capital and not profit. And so, you know, but as a foundation, it gave us a place to start to say, all right, where are the places in the formula we have to tweak? So we've gotten that cost of customer acquisition down from $900 to about $500, and we think it'll be about $350 in the next selling season. So that's going to get us to that one semester payback on cost of sales and marketing. And we've gotten those conversions up from 30% total to just about 50% total. And we've gotten those conversions. We're going to have a conversion of students buying the products instead of a free reader to become a paid member of something. And four of those conversions are on digital products versus print products, which have a much better gross margin. So more of the dollars we're making are actually profit versus going towards cost of making print books. And, of course, we're growing user base. So when we look at all that today, we look at our financial statement versus a year ago today, we're now on profitability by fall 2013 as opposed to running out of money. And so in theory, we should never need to raise any more venture capital unless we so choose to do so based on its growth opportunities. And that's a very different place to be and a good place to be. So we'll see. That's still some speculative numbers in there. But all the trends are in the right direction. Yeah. Great. Thank you. Can I just go back a little to the $900 figure of the cost to the faculty without the textbook? I don't understand what that cost represents. Is that your marketing cost? Is that somehow the cost for the school? What is that $900? So I'll give an answer, but feel free to chime in. So part of that are indirect costs. So sending out flyers, brochures. This is FOT World. I don't work for FOT World. Oh. David and I, that was fine. FOT World's cost. Yeah. It would be FOT World's cost. Maybe they're going to send someone out of sales rep to go and make a face-to-face call so there's going to be airfare and malls, hotels, all the sales costs. Yeah. Those are basically, you could think of them as programming costs with sales and marketing. But they don't involve people. So all the people, the sales marketing people, are costs that are different. Lines, the pure cost of acquisition is the cost of releasing data to email faculty, running email marketing campaigns, running PR campaigns, running direct mail campaigns, sending out peer-review copies for inspection and review, et cetera. So it's all the program costs of sales and marketing. Do you see that cost of the militia models? It's coming down quite a bit. And it's coming down based on, A, us learning what works and what doesn't work and stopping the things that don't work and doing more of the things that do. So just as we learn, we get much more efficient. But it also, we've seen the greatest timeline in our business that I think is critical is the first semester when we asked you, a doctor, how did you first learn about a platform of 12% sent from a peer? The second semester was 27%. And this past one just went through it was just over 40%. So that is the single biggest driver down of the cost of acquiring a customer. It's going to be exponential. It's the base growths, the world of model growths, and more marketing costs coming down. Thank you. Please. The 270,000 students you have are flat work knowledge. Are they all US-based students? That's a good question. And I think this is a cool note to figure. This means that in total throughout the three years of public history, there have been 270,000 students. Because you know that there are some countries that are making a national push to digital textbooks. India just came out with a $35 tablet for their students. Now, they're not making a national push like South Korea to go totally digital. But has flat world knowledge thought about heading up countries with large populations where the language used in higher education is English, Singapore, Hong Kong, India, all these other countries where they're making a push toward digital textbooks because of those countries, the cost of print textbooks have always been obscenely high. That's a question for Eric. Yes. And so that 270 represents almost exclusively US students enrolled in formal adoption. So we had about almost 3x that number in traffic of people coming to consume pre-textbooks, but those are students enrolled in classes where there's been a formal adoption. And almost all of them are in the US. And I think we're looking to operationalize a lot of that global activity we see. And we are looking first to those kinds of places that you mentioned where it's English language instruction and primarily where they're building tremendous educational infrastructure without a lot of legacy and can therefore engage in very different kinds of content relationships. They're tricky because everybody wants to sort of do that stuff on their own. And you'll always have that challenge. But we're definitely interested in having those and starting out some of those discussions. Thank you. We just have a couple more minutes left. I want to conclude with a quote from the Thought World site. I think this is pretty interesting what they say. And this is, I think, a good word to those who are saying, look, you're probably skeptical of our business model, and here's our response. We'll make less money for students than the big guys, but that's OK. We'll be selling to a lot more of them, and we'll be doing it for a lot less money. Like we said, this is just a smarter way to do business for all of us. And while, kind of as we've discussed today, the ultimate jury is still out. There are some very positive trends in the Thought World model being a sustainable business model over the textbooks. Any other questions just in our last couple of minutes? Please. I have a question, and maybe Eric would be best to address this. How can you get an existing author of a textbook to get their textbook to be an open textbook? I don't think it's possible to be in today's success. So I'm proposing any force for the scope of the Bible and psychology. I found a great textbook. It's not open. It's not too extensive, and there's not many people that offer books on this subject. How can you convince, or is England had success with convincing someone to switch to their current publisher to use someone for the Thought World? Yeah, I think by and large, the answer is you can't. The most publishing agreements are such that the author is transferring copyright to the publisher mail owns the copyright and their perpetual. Even when they go out of print, it's not that frequent that the publisher returns the copyright back to that author unless they adamantly and persistently request it. So generally speaking, if the author isn't interested in having that material become published somewhere else, they don't transfer the rights. An easy way to check is if you go to Amazon and see if there's a kindled version of that textbook. Because if there is, then that means that somewhere in the publisher author agreement, they agreed on creating a e-version of that textbook. So if there is some kind of e-version and some kind of stipulation in their contract out there. But even there, it doesn't be. So for example, in places where I work, we always have the right to publish e-books. And so even those e-books that are kindled versions are still publisher-owned intellectual property that they've given Amazon the right to distribute for a percent-digital total sale. So it doesn't necessarily mean they're free to go somewhere else with that digital book. It depends on the contract one. I mean, honestly, I wouldn't say flat out no. No, I agree. Because a lot of authors have republished their work. Even if they were published at a different edition, they would have been the publishers. So there's nothing that would really prevent them from making a flat-world copy. It would be the flat-world knowledge edition. I think what they're saying and what is true is that oftentimes you will be locked into all subsequent editions or closely related. But it depends on the publisher. And it depends on the discipline. I mean, there's, I would say maybe for some of the large, the really large academic publishers maybe, but there were some people who were using textbooks that are not from Springer or Elsevier or something. They're using something a little more esoteric for a textbook. And those publishers may have a bit more flexibility in their contract language than the bigger publishers. So this is why it's dangerous to say flat out no. Thank you. There's no such thing as no. Yes? So did that cost you mentioned earlier about producing a textbook involved maintenance and updates? It doesn't, actually, one of the great things about having a sort of publishing engine that is hosted in the cloud is that our cost of revision is almost nothing now because there's a couple of factors. So that the authors can actually go into a web platform and make updates in real time, sort of as they go, and just store it as a draft version. And there's no sort of new formatting costs. There's very few new costs associated with that other than the cost of reviewing again. And even that comes way down because at that point we're getting lots of behavioral data from users about how they're using it. And so we have a lot more information. And so we even minimize the number of academic peer reviews we do on subsequent versions. We're only reviewing sort of new content in very surgical ways. So the cost of revisions are really low. Thank you. We may have one last question for you in your hand now. Yeah, we have a faculty member in our college who publishes a standard textbook. And I asked him what the markup was. He gets 15% publisher, I don't know if that means the publisher gets 85% or perhaps the seller gets part of that also. But usually the seller gets like 60%. Like so the book store, Canvas book series takes 40% and the total rise goes to the book store and 60% would go to the store. But this is where the five world story is the best. So Eric, what's the world to you? Yes, the typical relationship is that publisher sets a net price. So let's say the publisher owns this book, they set a net price to a book store for around $100. They'll pay the author 15% of that $100, so 15%. The book store then sets a retailer or a list price. They mark it up 30% to 35% on top of their markup. The author gets none of that. In our end, there's different royalty rates for different versions. So global versions are usually at a 10% or up-to-date, digital editions are at a 5% to 10% or up-to-date, so there's all these things. When we did it, we set a 20% world-to-date no matter where it gets sold, anywhere in the world through any channel. Just trying to be simple about it, but also to say, over time, you actually have a chance as an author to earn more income in the open model than you would in a traditional model. Especially if you sell more. Correct. So yeah, this is basically the pathological model is by making it available for free. We'll be back to you all to see more. We're out of time. Thanks so much. Have a great day. Thank you. Thank you.


Citizens of America, Mr. District Attorney. All of us will long remember. I congratulate you, the people, for electing as Mr. District Attorney, a man who doesn't know the word fear. I have elected a man who will prosecute and convict the guilty regardless of their standing and power. I present to you Mr. District Attorney. No title which could be conferred upon me could ever mean more to me than the one which is given me tonight, Mr. District Attorney. I'm not going to make a speech. Just listen for one minute. Then I promise action. Every year, crime, corruption, and rackets take 15 billions of dollars from you, the American people. I pledge myself to go after the tops, the higher-ups who are responsible for this corruption.  The first way to smash corruption and rackets is to expose them to the public. And that's just what we intend to do. There isn't one of you people listening who doesn't pay and pay plenty to organize crime. The laundry racket alone cost the citizens of this city over one million dollars last year. Poultry costs more per pound. Fish is higher. False weights and measures are used in many stores. The 150 different rackets are being practiced in this city. And this extra cost is passed on to you, all of you. Wife, this very moment, sir. The last time I'm warning you to pay up for your protection. I won't pay you a cent. Listen, wise guy, you're going to cough up 100 bucks a month for protection or else. I don't have to pay you for protection. We've got a new District Attorney in this town and I'm relying on him for all the protection I need. Oh, yeah? Tell the new DA about this. Oh, good morning, Miss Phillips. Is my evening gown ready? Yes, yes, Miss Phillips. It cleans beautifully. Looks like a new gown. Yes, it does. Well, I'll take it along with me. Uh, yes, sir? Are you Vanado? Yes. You own this cleaning joint? Yes, I do. You haven't paid your dues to the Cleaner's Protective Association? Well, I'm all through with your outfit. The new District Attorney says he's going to run your cloud out of town. Oh, yeah? Well, maybe this will teach you a lesson. Ah, acid! Ah, acid! You've ruined all my clothes. Kill your new DA to fix him up for you. So that poultry dealer didn't pay up, huh? Nah, threw us out. Other people of this town are fed up on racket. Well, here's his place now. Slow down. Sure. You boys know what to do. Sure, we know what to do. Let it go, kid.  This extra cost is passed on to you, all of you. You, the citizens, are the real victims.  Ah! The District Attorney. Good morning, Miss Rand. How do you feel after your first day in office? Well, to tell you the truth, I feel the responsibility stronger than ever.  This one on the top just arrived for Mr. J. Edgar Hoover. Oh, thank you. Mayor Bernard Dickman of St. Louis and Police Commissioner Louis J. Valentine of New York also send congratulations. Well, that's splendid. I'm certainly grateful to these gentlemen. There's an Italian woman in the outer office. She's been begging all morning to see you, sir. Send her in. Yes, sir. Right this way, if you will. I want to see the District Attorney, please. I want to see the District Attorney. Won't you be seated? Thank you. What can I do for you? My name is a Mrs. Milano. I came from Italy, but my three boys are all born in this country. They're men now. Do you say your name is Milano? Yes. My boys are in the wholesale food business.  He tell my boys they got to pay $100 a month for protection. I can tell you the rest, Mrs. Milano. They didn't pay for the protection. So the man came back several times. Yeah. And then a truckload of their food products was overturned. Then the man came back again, and they still wouldn't pay. Yeah, yeah. And then there was an explosion, and their whole wholesale house was badly damaged. No, no, no, no, no. That was set on fire and he burned to the ground. You know about it? No. But I've heard plenty of other stories just like it. Well, my boys buy another warehouse. This time they pay the money to be left alone, but business, he's not so good. So they ain't paid all the time. They are threatened and they get some of the other wholesale houses to promise not to pay too. And they get letters saying they might be killed. I know some things are going to happen, my boys. It isn't as simple as all that, Mrs. Milano. I only wish it were. That's a big organized racket. Probably one way or another, 150 men involved in it. The underlings, the bosses, several crooked lawyers, and a man who gets them protection, a high official in the city.  Yes. I could probably name 20 members of this racket. But proving all the facts in court beyond a reasonable doubt is another thing. My office has got pages and pages of facts. Some we can prove, some we can. But Mrs. Milano, I promise you will do everything we can and spare nobody. Thank you, Mr. District Attorney. I didn't know who else to come to. I'm glad you came. We'll give your boys every protection we can and try to get to the bottom of this. Thank you, Mr. District Attorney.  Thank you, sir. Thank you. I promise you I'll do everything I can. Goodbye. Thank you, Jan. I'm a strand. I'd like you to come in for a minute, please. Yes, sir. Miss Rand, the food racket again. I have suspected it. Have you taken his Wallace and Harrington and come in to see me right away? I'm going to have them cover the Milano, boys. I'm not into anybody. District Attorney's office. This is Chief Thomas, at the A.N. Just a moment. Chief of police, please, sir. Oh, let me have it. Hello, Chief. What's up? Murder. Murder? Where? I'll go right over. Three men murdered, Miss Rand. I wonder if it has any connection with the three sons of Mrs. Milano who was just in here. That would be terrible. Three brothers murdered. Chief Thomas thinks it has something to do with the food racket. If that's true, Miss Rand, I know the guilty parties without even getting up from this desk. But try and prove it in court. Are you going over there? Yes, but that won't tell me anything more than I already know. Rounding up the actual men who committed the murders is up to the police. But we've got to get their bosses and the big shot back of all this and then convict him. Get the car. Mr. District Attorney. Yes. Quiet, everybody. The three bodies of Mr. District Attorney uncover them. They look alike. Are they brothers? Yes, sir. The Milano brothers? Yes, sir. You two men were waiters in here? You two men. I'm speaking to you two with a white coat. You waiters in here? Yes, sir. What did the killers look like? I don't know, sir. I was out in the kitchen. And you? Mabek was turned. I didn't see a thing. And you people who were eating in here? We didn't see anything, sir. There were some shots and then everything was all over. You all saw it happen and you know it. And so do I.  You're the people who can help me. Have courage and tell me what you know. All right. Your witnesses, Lieutenant. Yes, sir. It's useless to question them here. I've been through this too many times, I think. Yes, sir. Oh, here's a piece of paper we found lying next to one of the bodies. Huh? I guess that's your first threat, sir. I've only been in office nine hours and I get my first threat. Well, I... I don't waste any words, do they? To the new district attorney. Investigate this and you'll be a corpse, too. And these murders are part of the rackets, all right, sir? Errington? I don't need any evidence on the scene or any fingerprints or anything like that to tell me who pulled this. It was Zara, the wholesale produce man. Zara? I'm positive he wasn't here himself, but he planned it. And what a perfect alibi you'll have. You'll find he's playing poker with friends right now and didn't leave the room. But Zara is the real killer. Go to his home, Errington. He'll be there. Tell him I'd like to have him drop into my office the first thing tomorrow morning. I always say, my friend, that there's nothing like a bracing cocktail after a good day's work. Yes, you're absolutely right, Zara. Are you sure it was a good day's work? Not positive. A little job you once had done this afternoon has been carried out to perfection. Well, let's drink to it. Certainly. Here's to you and anything that you want done. Thank you, Zara. You know you're getting more valuable to me every day. And getting more valuable to myself. You collected 10,000 last week. Well, at that rate, Zara, you'll be able to take a vacation soon. It's too bad these Milano brothers couldn't see things our way. Now we've got to stick to our rules. They don't pay up. We've got this. Yes, Zara. Well, I'd rather not talk about that anymore if you don't mind. I don't want to bring it. What's that? Someone at the door. Expecting anyone? No. Whoever it is, I certainly can't afford to be seen here. Suppose I go in the next room and tell you... Good idea. Just step this way. I'll depend on you, Zara. Don't worry. Just a moment. Good evening. Are you Zara? That's right. Who are you? I'm from the district attorney's office. District attorney? That's right. I've got a message for you. I see. I want to come in. No, thanks. I thought perhaps you'd like a little drink. No. All I'm here for is to tell you that the DA wants you to drop into his office. Well, I'll be delighted. The DA and I are good friends. Yes. The DA and I are very good friends. District attorney's office. Yes. Yes, I'll tell him. Good night. Detective Harrington, sir. Yes? He said Zara will be here to see you tomorrow morning. Good. Miss Rand, you've had a busy day. You must be tired. You're the one that's tired. Can't I get you something to eat? No, thanks, Miss Rand. I have a press conference in a few minutes and a lot more work on this case. Anything else for me? Yes, sir. This Department of Justice report. Oh, let me see, please. It doesn't seem possible. I can hardly believe it myself. What is it, sir? This first paragraph. Yes? Miss Rand, did you know that last year the total cost of crime and rackets was $15 billion? $15 billion? It's unbelievable. You know that? That's $10 a month out of the pockets of every man, woman and child in America. Think of it. Our job, the job of every district attorney is not only to break up the rackets but to make the people realize what rackets cost them. Make them realize how much they pay in tribute to organize racketeers. Then the people will act. People like those witnesses in the restaurant where the Milano brothers were murdered. They'll not be afraid to work with me. They'll help me. And we can stamp out this menace once and for all and put these criminals in prison. You mean men like Zara? Exactly, Miss Rand. There are thousands of Zaras in this country. I don't want to sound like an orator but the people elected me district attorney to smash Zara and others like him. And so help me. I'll not stop until it's done. You have just heard the first episode of Mr. District Attorney, dramatized by Philip Sates Lord from tracks furnished by public prosecutors throughout the entire nation. Mr. District Attorney will reveal an amazing inside story of the hundreds of rackets flourishing in America. Rackets which will be exposed on this program. Listen in tomorrow night and find out the startling series of events behind the brutal murder of the three Milano brothers. Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. District Attorney will be with you again tomorrow night.


The Christmas Star of 2020, the Great Conjunction. The gods of the celestial motion are due to give Earth-based observers a real treat this Christmas time as the planet Jupiter and planet Saturn come to a close approach of one another that will be viewed on the Earth as the two giant planets merging to form a Christmas Superstar with enthusiastic religious readers already dubbing the event the Christmas Star of 2020. Wait till you hear this. What would ancient observers have made of this one you have to wonder? As the apparent close proximity of the solar system planets we'll see them radiate a spectacular singular point of light over the festive period this year signifying the end of a tumultuous year that has tested the great resolve of the human condition across the entire world from which the greater good in all of us is set to prevail in the years ahead, catapulting our understanding in a forward-thinking motion that was beginning to get stagnated. The last time such an event happened was the year 1226, 794 years ago, and when the event of 1226 took place it shook the world to such an extent that Genghis Khan saw it as a sign from the gods and proceeded to withdraw his armies back to Mongolia, apparently interpreting the event as instructions from the gods, and this is a shocking testament to the knowledge the Mongolians must have perceived from the prehistoric Aurora event that must have still held influence over the entirety of Earthlings. Baby Jesus' birth is also shrouded in the mystery of what the Bethlehem Star actually was. Astronomers have long theorized that the Nativity Star might have really been an alignment known as a conjunction, and it is known that a rare conjunction of Jupiter, Venus, and a bright star named Regulus occurred around two years before the birth of Christ. Even while the forces directing our universe remain full of mystery, planetary orbits are now predictable today, but known orbits are only known today and have probably changed dramatically since the spectacular prehistoric event that sparked the Squatterman phenomena. This time around it's American troops who will be withdrawn from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia, but is that just a coincidence or is it signifying something more meaningful in the minds of human beings, cataclysmic soul? This year on the longest night of the year, on the winter solstice of the 21st of December, Jupiter and Saturn will look like they are touching one another, to the point that their light radiation will look like one point of light in the sky. Never seen before in modern times and only recorded before the memory of observers in the minds of men who would perceive godlike influences, but this month Jupiter and Saturn will appear just a tenth of a degree apart. This means the two giant planets and their moons will be visible in the same field of view through binoculars or a small telescope as suspiciously observed from the planet Earth, with Saturn appearing as close to Jupiter as some of Jupiter's moons in the greatest event of the year dubbed by astronomers the Great Conjunction of 2020, with headline writers grabbing attention with the Christmas Star. As the orbits of Earth, Jupiter and Saturn periodically align making these two outer planets appear close together in our night time sky. Even so, this is the greatest Great Conjunction between Jupiter and Saturn for the next 60 years, with the two planets not appearing this close in the sky again for another 60 years, till the year 2080, so a once in a lifetime event for most alive today. Professor Patrick Hartigan and astronomer at Rice University told the Lost History Channel that alignments between these two planets are rather rare, occurring once every 20 years or so, but this conjunction is exceptionally rare because of how close the planets will appear to one another. You'd have to go all the way back to 1226 to see a closer alignment between these objects visible in the night sky. On the evening of closest approach on December the 21st, they will look like a double planet, separated by only one fifth the diameter of the full moon, and for most telescope viewers, each planet and several of their large moons will be visible in the same field of view that evening. The professor goes on to say that, the further north the viewer is, the less time they'll have to catch a glimpse of the conjunction before the planets sink below the horizon. Fortunately, the planets will be bright enough to be viewed in twilight, which may be the best time for many U.S. viewers to observe the conjunction. By the time skies are fully dark in Houston, for example, the conjunction will be just 9 degrees above the horizon. Viewing that would be manageable if the weather cooperates and you have an unobstructed view to the southwest, but an hour after sunset, people looking skyward in New York or London will find the planets even closer to the horizon, about 7.5 degrees and 5.3 degrees respectively. Viewers there, and in similar latitudes, would do well to catch a glimpse of the rare astronomical sight as soon after sunset as possible. But if you prefer to wait and see Jupiter and Saturn this close together and higher in the night sky, then you'll need to stick around until March 15th, 2080. After that, the pair won't make such an appearance until sometime after the year 2400. Jupiter and Saturn will appear low in the western sky for about an hour after sunset each evening. This is known as the conjunction of the century, but what do you guys think about this anyway? Comments below and as always, thank you for watching.


So let's do the valence or build the structure using those dot structures, okay? So what is the structure we're looking for? CO3 2-minus. Okay, again the book teaches you to count up all your electrons, add your 2-minus electrons and so on and it's effectively the way that we're going to do it here, but we're going to do it all through Lewis structures, okay? So hopefully by now You're content to say that the carbons probably the central lab, okay? Because it can make the most fun So we'll put it in the center And we'll draw this Lewis structure, okay? Then there's probably three oxygens around that central carbon So let's draw those three oxygens And we'll draw their Lewis structures, so notice there's two minuses on this Molecule or this ion, right? So we've got to add two more electrons to our Lewis structure The electrons will be added to the atom that has the highest electronegative Which one of those is is a carbon or oxygen? Oxygen, okay, so which oxygen has the highest electronegativity this one this one or this one? They're all the same, okay So the best way to do this is to add one electron to one oxygen one electron to the other oxygen Okay, and because things don't like to have a two minus charge like one atom Doesn't like to have a two minus charge if it can be dispersed over various atoms. Is that okay? So let's add an electron to two of these oxygens, and I'm just gonna pick two randomly, okay? Not really randomly because the way I like to draw this structure is this way So there's one of the electrons and there's the other one. Is everybody okay with that? So I put those two minuses in there. Now let's build our and if you really want to you can put Your minuses there already because we're going to eventually they're gonna have a formal charge of negative one Let's go ahead and build our structure So fish of caros Fish of caros and this one needs to this one needs to So let's just draw it And again, this is the Lewis structure. We're not gonna talk about Vesper yet. Okay, of course I skipped that intermediate Because hopefully by now you can convert So you guys think you can do that The thing about these polyatomic ions is you got to remember to put your Electrons in there. Okay, and put them on the most electronegative that Okay So does everybody okay with this? We're gonna talk about resonance now, which is what which is the topic. We're gonna hit later But this is a very good Structure to talk about resonance with okay, so Why should it that then why should it be that this and this oxygen have a negative charge? And this one doesn't anybody give me any explanation for that and why did I choose those two to have the negative charge? Yeah, they happen, but why didn't I add it to the other one? I? Could have yeah, that's the whole point is I could have you know I just didn't because you know I like to draw it this way this way more than I like to draw the single-bond Here, okay, but they're equally valid structures, okay So where you can make two equally valid structures by only moving? Electrons, okay, those are called what we call resonance structures Why are they called resonance because you resonate from one structure to another and in fact they are equivalent structures So how am I what am I even talking about right? So let's just show some resonance structures, okay? So remember our single-headed arrows or fish of arrows We're going to compare those with what arrows we're going to make now for resonance Okay, so we're going to draw a resonance structure of this molecule here So we're going to take two two electrons from this oxygen and bounce them into this bond here Okay, that's going to make a double bond there is everybody okay with that Notice the double-headed arrow that means the motion of two electrons is everybody okay with that? Okay, okay, okay But we can't have the double bond here a double bond here in a single bond here right because carbon can only make four bonds Okay, very important So when we do that we're going to have to bounce The bonded electrons out to that other oxygen Okay, is everybody okay with that? So when we do that we draw we make a resonance structure So notice the resonance arrow double-headed arrow Okay, another chemistry is the language of arrows. Okay, so you got all these different arrows for different things So when we do that, we're just going to draw what we call the resonance structure. Doesn't make sense Okay, could we draw is there another resonance structure for this molecule? Yeah, how would you do it if we start from here? What would we do take this like that? Okay, let's draw our resonance arrow like that. Everybody okay, so this molecule has three structures. It actually has another one Which we won't get into because it's gives it starts to get weird because the Carbon's octet won't be filled, you know, but for right now since you guys are introduced to resonance This is good enough. Are there any questions about what I've done up here? Okay, because you're going to be asked to You know perform some of these motions with these electrons


Item number, SCP-147. Object Class, Euclid. Special Containment Procedures. SCP-147 is to be kept in a simulacrum of a 1950s-era living room. Its current container contains a throw rug, two armchairs, a phonograph, a rotary telephone, and other suitable decorations. SCP-147 will reject any items dating from later than late March 1965. It requires no external power source or connection. Description. Discovered in 1983 in a civilian home in Detroit, Michigan, SCP-147 appears to be a 1957 general electric brand Black and White Television. Model 17T-026. SCP-147 has been observed to exhibit two different behaviors. Optimal. When SCP-147 is in an acceptable room, it will display broadcasts of 1950s-era comedies, such as The Burns and Allen Show, Father Knows Best, and I Love Lucy. In every case, each broadcast has been completely unique. Archives of the programs, none of which are still being produced, have failed to find any record of the episodes that SCP-147 plays. No commercials are shown, and there is no indication as to which station would be broadcasting these shows.  Subjects exposed to SCP-147 in its optimal state reported a pleasant feeling of relaxation. In this state, the item's volume and channels can be adjusted, though the off switch appears to have no effect. Hostile. When modern day items are present in SCP-147's environment, the item will only display extremely violent and gruesome color footage, beheadings, rapes, executions, and torture have all been observed. But as of yet, no footage has been broadcast that indicates when or where the scenes depicted took place. The footage is invariably of high visual and audio quality. Subjects exposed to SCP-147 in its hostile state almost invariably vomit due to the graphic nature of the broadcasts after 10-15 seconds. One subject suffered a nervous breakdown after two minutes of exposure. Every subject has displayed an extreme reluctance to recall the contents of the broadcasts, and two out of the 15 subjects tasked with viewing SCP-147's hostile broadcasts have since committed suicide. None of the item's controls respond during hostile broadcasts. Attempts to examine the internals of SCP-147 have been unsuccessful, as the item's shell resists any and all attempts to crack it open. Placing the item in a Faraday cage in order to negate any possible transmissions it could be receiving had no effect. The effects of long-term exposure to SCP-147 have not been documented. Addendum. Any and all recreational activities involving SCP-147 are to be scheduled at least one week beforehand, with approval by Level 4 personnel. Addendum. 0-40. After data-expunged suggestion, several objects manufactured throughout the 1960s era were brought in. Objects made past March of the year 1965 have resulted in a hostile behavior. Exact dating is difficult due to troubles of obtaining materials precisely made on testable dates and times. Reasons as to why it acts in such a way depending on a specific object's date are unknown and being tested by data-expunged. Addendum. 0-40A. As has been verified repeatedly, the presence of persons born after March 1965 does not in and of itself trigger a hostile event. Four reasons still unknown. SCP-147 objects mainly to manufactured items. Dr. Brown recently conducted an experiment in which he clothed himself with vintage pre-1965 articles of clothing with the caveat that he had three big flare pens invented in the 1970s in his shirt pocket. What he saw while seated in front of SCP-147 he would later describe as a bizarre episode of I Love Lucy featuring a surprising amount of gunplay. Addendum. 1-80. Recent tests that involved exposing convicted rapists and psychopaths to the object while it was hostile as indicated that the object is able to tailor the images to the viewer. A rapist was strapped into a metal chair manufactured in 1986 and during that time not a single rape was shown on the screen while scenes of genital mutilation, primarily male, occurred more often. Similarly, a psychopath who had tortured someone to death saw fewer scenes of torture and more scenes of botched executions. Lesson complete. If you missed the previous orientation, go watch SCP-146, Bronze Head of Shame, right now. Or for the complete course, watch this playlist.


What's going on you guys right after Ozzie here and today I just want to do a quick little update video I'm gonna try my best to keep it short There's a lot of stuff that I want to cover But I just want to update you guys on all the things that are going on that have happened and that are in the works behind the scenes So first of all, I want to start out by apologizing for the fact that there is no HIV cure research lab video out. It did happen. It did get recorded. It was amazing I loved it. I spent hours and hours editing it It's uploaded to YouTube. It's ready to go and I was told that I cannot release it. Oh What a disappointment it got punched really It turns out that there was some protocol and some compliance issues with it without going into all the details It was nothing that I had any control or power over it Just things didn't happen the way that they should have Outside of my control and therefore I'm not able to post it at all Oh, I'm so sorry you guys. It's so disappointing. I'm sure if you're looking forward to it. It's a disappointment. Trust me I'm right there with you. I spent a lot of time and energy and effort on trying to get that out to you guys With that said this year our annual hope cab meeting will be in Out just outside of San Francisco, but instead of being near the Gladstone Institute It's gonna be held at the Buck Institute for research on aging So a lot of their research is focused on aging and they do HIV cure research as well And so it'll be interesting to know how that research is Related to aging for the HIV community That's something that as time goes on as more people are living more people are thriving with HIV We need to know what are the implications as we age as we get older with HIV on our body On our health on our mental health everything So that will be happening It's the Buck Institute for research on aging is located in Novato, California It's just north of San Francisco right by like wine country So I think it's gonna be a really cool area to go to and I'll be sure to get footage there Well plenty of time before September to coordinate with people make sure all the proper rules are being followed Protocols things like that so that hopefully at the very least we can get maybe some interview going on or maybe Hopefully fingers crossed we can get a look inside one of their labs Maybe some experiments that they're doing research stuff like that because I really want to get you inside I think that's so important for the community for folks at home to be able to see what's going on behind the scene So it's not just like this You know all these scientists in these like secret buildings and we don't know what's going on and there's lots of conspiracy theories and What have you we need to pull down that barrier so that we have this transparency and dialogue That's what I'm trying to do and then our national meeting will be held in October in Bethesda, Maryland at the NIH the National Institutes of Health So that's really cool to NIH is the one that's funding all of our collaboratories to the Hope Cab Based on San Francisco. That's one of ten. There's ten around the country and the NIH funds them all we're all coming together in October to meet at the NIH and So hopefully we can do some coordination there. I'm really gonna push for I'm really gunning to coordinate with them to get again interviews talks Inside look at some of their labs and whatever would have you so you can see behind the curtain Okay, well with that said some of you have reached out to me via comments or DMs saying when are you gonna have your next HIV doctors visit? When do we get to see Dr. J. Glaston again? It's so informative. It's so helpful I love it and the reality is that I can't anymore and I'm not seeing Glaston anymore and the reason is Last year I stopped qualifying for government subsidized health insurance. I was on Blue Shield and Glaston was in network for Blue Shield so I had to switch to my employer health care, which is Kaiser and Glaston is no longer in network Not that that matters because when I went to go see my general doctor She said Kaiser has is very strict about Recording and all that in the medical setting and no can do. It was a flat-out. No There's no possibility the end and I was really disappointed and kind of upset about that because as a health care company Kaiser should be working with community advocates to Especially for the HIV community to be helping to disseminate information to educate to reduce stigma things like that It shouldn't be this like really closed-door type of policy, especially it's like It's not like I'm going into someone else's doctor's appointment to talk about their health There's the concerns about HIPAA about your private medical information like I'm the patient I'm the one living with HIV. I just want to document my Experience and it's like my choice to share that anyway soapbox a Couple weeks ago. I met with an infectious disease doctor who would presumably be my primary care physician and she was she's used to working with patients who have HIV and I Told her my situation. She was much more empathetic and much more willing to you know kind of talk to me on a more personal level and she said that there are some HIV specialists in the Kaiser Network who are More geared toward advocacy and being in the media and stuff like that And so she would reach out to the PR team for Kaiser to see if there's anything we can do Is it legally possible? Possibly connect me with the team so that I can talk to them directly Possibly link me with those HIV doctors who would be able to advocate on my behalf So I'm gonna keep pushing I'm gonna keep gunning for it, but I made it very clear to her this is a make or break for me like What I do is so important and there's so much value in it that if Kaiser is just gonna Really say no to me. I'm gonna keep pushing But if they at the end of the day continue to just say no, they're not willing to work with me at all That's a deal-breaker for me. And so I'm considering Paying for my own health insurance completely 100% out of pocket no help from employment or anything like that And that's a lot of money We're talking hundreds of dollars every month to be able to get health insurance where Gladstein would be in network So that I can meet with him again. We could have these valuable conversations recorded for you all Anyway, so that's in the works. I apologize that I haven't been able to get that to you in a long time But I'm working on it. Trust me. I'm fighting for that and fighting for you guys at home By the way, side tangent while I was there my doctor said that I needed to get my shingles vaccine and There are two doses to the vaccine It used to be that only people 50 and older were approved to get the vaccine by the past one or two years a new shingles vaccine came out called shingrix and It is approved for those of us who are immunocompromised So if you hadn't had a shingles vaccine And if you're in the US talk to your doctor, it might be something that they will want to get you hooked up with with that said She said it's gonna be painful and I was like, yay, great. Let's do it Kind of like a tetanus shot and so she's like, but it's so I said, okay Well, then maybe I just won't I won't work out for a few days and she's like, oh, no, no Just take a ton. Oh, you'll be fine. I was like, okay, great. Cool. I can handle that little pain in the shoulder Nothing I haven't experienced before by that night I Felt like I had been hit by a truck and Then I went to sleep. I was exhausted woke up and I felt like I had a full-blown flu Like fever symptoms chills hot and cold Clammy my whole body was aching so bad. I had a huge headache. I felt So terrible. I was already really sore from working out now that I'm back in the gym I've been pushing myself really hard and it like multiplied how Aggravated and extreme the muscle soreness was to the point where like I at one point I was lying in bed and I just had like a single tear rolling down my face because I was like I Did not sign up for this. I was not mentally prepared. It was so so much. I It really knocked me down for like two or three days and I've been hearing that the shingles vaccine has been does that to people So be aware. I had no I didn't know why did I had no idea and I got it in the middle of the week So it totally f-ed up my work situation, but be aware get the vaccine if you haven't had it. It's important I've had shingles. It's nope. No bueno and then you can have serious complications with that Especially as you get older, so it's it's good to do it, but just be prepared Okay Onto the next topic this video is already too long. I know just know it. Okay onto the next topic So just to wait your appetite. I said a lot of exciting things coming down the pipeline with the hope cab we created a short animation to Explain hopefully simply the modality that the Scientists that we're working with are using to get to an HIV cure It's called block lock excise and I touch on it a little bit in the previous video Where I'm talking with the HIV scientists as well But it's a cool little explainer animation video and I do the VO for it. So it's exciting you to hear my voice I know I don't even love hearing my voice So check it out. I'm gonna post it Shortly here whenever I get the release date and then and then that'll be that cool so Also, I did a recent video on the HIV prep medication called aptitude now There is a extended to release injectable medication that is an ARV for those of us living with HIV called cabinuva I'm gonna be talking about that next and then after that I will also be talking about the other one that Gilead did called Sun Lanka. That's also been approved very cool HIV medication is moving really fast. We're making so much progress in such short little time It's exciting, but it's kind of like it's hard to keep track and hard to wrap your head around all these new medications That are popping up everywhere. So I'm gonna do my best to keep you updated with all the new medications as they come out And for the first time ever on my channel, I can't believe I've had a channel for this long And I have never been organized enough to have consistent interviews I have a schedule and I'm currently Scheduling people that I'm gonna be interviewing on my channel to talk about various topics like aging with HIV to talk about The fact that we all have chronic inflammation that impacts our health in certain ways that I Didn't know about and like what can we do about it? How can we address those concerns to talk about plus life media to talk about prep in the history of prep Where it came from who was working on it in the early days To talk about HIV language the type of language that's used in community and also in in healthcare settings and also in science and research settings and those of us in the collaboratories we've developed created this document that Discusses helpful language to be used in related and in relation to the HIV community and words and topics and statements to stay away from because they could potentially only add to stigma and things like that So that's it. I'm gonna stop there because I know I'm already over time And I just wanted to say thank you to you guys for sticking it out with me. I know oh Let's talk about this wall this wall of gray boringness. It's actually a white wall, but it always looks gray on my videos Because um, I just haven't done anything with it since I moved it used to have those Cool kind of like RuPaul's drag race looking wall tiles that I took down and never put back up because I was like I want to do something different didn't happen. I couldn't make up my mind me and my ADD All over the place. I thought I was gonna put up some wallpaper. I had a couple ideas never really Felt good about it never really found one that I want to stick with so it didn't happen So I'm like, okay Raif if you can't decide on a wallpaper put the goddamn tiles up because right now It's boring af and you need to do something Also, this thing peppermint got this for me so long ago.  It's so easy Put it up, right? Just mounted to the dang wall already In addition to that, I want like shelving. I want to make it make me interesting. It's so boring Anyway, side tangent Thanks guys for sticking it out with me. I know there was a huge lull in content on my channel Especially during covet. I was dealing with so many things between work and stress anxiety and mental health issues And stuff like that. It just kind of fell apart and I I really feel like I'm at a point now where I can get back into the mode into the game Focused consistent So I really appreciate all the comments. You guys are so loving and supportive whenever I post something You're so quick to um share the love the appreciation and the support And it really doesn't mean a lot to me and it really does Like help me and keep me motivated and keep me in the game when I'm kind of having a rough time So thank you so so much Please like this video if you like it subscribe if you haven't already these two ways are The the best way that you can help support me on this channel to help support What I do as I'm going to be looking for more people More organizations and companies to help sponsor me so that I can Dedicate more of my time and energy To growing my channel and getting more awesome content out to you all So that's it for now. Thank you so much for watching and I will see you soon. Cheers. Peace


Truck, this is Tower. Scouts report enemy truck in your sector. Defender report. This is truck one. One truck engaged. One truck destroyed. Over. Tower, this is truck one. We are ready to fly and have it over. Truck, this is Tower. Scouts report enemy truck and troops in your sector. Bound forward. Engage your report. Open the clock. Eight hundred meters. Engage the troops. Fire! Fire! You gave a good on the way on the first engagement. You guys identified it pretty well. Which one's this one? The second one. You had a troop and trumps. Alright, 56, defensive engagement. Thing is, this is another one where you slipped on. Once you are engaging them, I just took a little bit home and engaged in the second one. I'll do a function check. My loop. It's back in here. Do you need to loop this over? It is. Loot up like Christmas. What's up? Yeah, there was like a corner. See those, those plates should break off as we were happening. Yeah. Are they hate on one?


Hey everybody, I'm Lance Goyki and today we're talking about side bending. What is the side-to-side position that you should have during your dumbbell row? Now the rib cage is supposed to move in some very predictable ways when you have your arms supported down on the ground and your Weight is kind of centered over a certain side that size should kind of crunch together a little bit They should it all their rib bones should kind of come closer together and you should do this little side bend thing It's not like this But it's just like this. Let me go there. Yeah so What does that look like in a row if I'm supported here? Let me move this forward a little bit If I'm supported here and I'm doing my row and I'm really trying to squeeze my lap I'm trying to recruit my rowing muscles oftentimes. What happens is instead of side bending Toward the side that we should be secured on that is the support hand side We end up side bending toward the rowing side Like this and then we row from there and that'll help you feel some lat We talked about lat in some previous videos It shortens that lat because that lat pulls you down to the side like that but what I'm Referring to do is get an even proportion of lat and of upper back muscles And the only way I can do that the only way I can get the upper back muscles to actually get recruited in here is to kind of Side bend myself secure myself over on the support side and then row my body kind of away from it Like this and there. Yeah, I can feel a little bit Okay, so if you catch yourself kind of side bending over to this Weight that you're holding in your hand, then I would try to side bend yourself over to the other side Sometimes that's not enough Sometimes you need to exhale as well because oftentimes we get stuck in this kind of position We hold a lot of air in our Left side generally So if we're doing this row this way where my left hand is down It's probably gonna be a little bit harder to crunch over to that side The same way that I crunch over to the right side when I do the right side You feel my ab really easily when I do my left side. I don't feel my ab very easily unless I Get the air out of the way then I can actually shorten those muscles Pressurized air can lift a car, right? So you're not gonna overcome the air pressure. You got to Move it. You got to get it out of the way. So I do that I exhale Oh, and then I side bend over there and then now I feel some killer ab Securing me over here on this support side, you know, I keep saying it that way I don't know if it makes any sense to you leave my comment below if it doesn't it just that's how I think about it So I'd been bam ab bam hang on to it and row Okay, so that I'll just promote better shoulder mechanics It'll promote more upper back muscle recruitment and it'll keep you lifting for a little bit longer


So guys, I am back with another Cyberpunk 2077 video and today we look at five Incredible unique iconic weapons you need to get Has it gone guys? My name is DPG and if you enjoyed this video leaving a like really helps out And if you like what you see and want to see more cyberpunk on a daily basis, be sure to subscribe So today guys we check out five amazing must-get iconic weapons And well, I can't say these are in any particular order with this list as it's hard to decide Which is best so I'm just going to say that all great and you should get them all and let's get into the video Okay, so first up we have the divided we stand which is an amazing smart rifle Which hits like a truck what's crazy about this is it can lock onto five targets at once and just melts all So with this weapons reward from a secret mission that doesn't show up until you get near it The mission is called stadium love and you can see the location You have to go to to get this to pop up on screen now So when you get to this mission is basically you taking part in a target practice competition Ultimately, whatever happens here if you don't win the competition like I didn't your only option is to take at the main guy Grab that weapon and make a run for it These guys hit three hearts or unless you have a decent setup or weapon you may struggle But this weapon is definitely worth it guys as it's so unique. So just keep trying until you get it people Okay, so next up we have that sure. I believe that's pronounced And well, if I did have to pick one weapon from this list to keep it would be hard for me to let this one go Now with any legendary item in which you first receive a blueprint to craft for in order to craft legendos You need to have a technical ability attribute level of 18 and you must have this edge runner Artisan perks are elected and then you can craft any legend that you want As long as you have that blueprint and this weapon as far as I'm aware only comes from a blueprint So this weapons blueprint drops from the main dude within this gang You can see on the screen now in this area pin pointed on the map Ultimately it sees you having to travel up a lift to get him But once you do kill this dude, you get the blueprint from him to craft and this smart sniper is something incredible It's stupid powerful and the fact it locks onto that head at crazy distances It is the perfect weapon for sure and it's a 100% must-get guys when you're high enough level So keep it in mind Okay, so next up guys is actually a weapon upon first using it when playing as Johnny in the playing for time mission Just after the prologue I didn't think I'd get another chance to use it again But actually guys you do and Johnny's pistol is 100% a must on this list So this powerful super unique Iconic incredible pistol you can obtain at the end of a side mission called chipping in the side mission in which you get Johnny's Porsche and jack it from also now this mission I have covered a billion times in previous videos with guides on my channel and all over YouTube Ultimately at the end of this mission, which if you've completed much of the story So you will have this mission you will come across a guy called Grayson who drops this weapon for you So just be sure to grab this thing as it's on the floor in front of him and it's quite easy to miss Okay, so next up we have the barging and Chang which is a eight-pound smart shotgun Which just melts everything. This is another weapon You will have to craft upon getting that blueprint so the same requirements as mentioned before apply to this weapon Now the blueprint's location is actually within Adam's smash a secret room Which you actually can't get into until you complete the entire story So once that has been achieved guys you come back to this location You can see on the screen now which funny enough is in the same place you get John's loot from including his weapon I just spoke about But when here you actually have to mantle a few things to get to this room Which you'll see an unscreen now But when you get here this room will open up for you to go in and explore and get that loot guys And yes, I guarantee you will love this weapon. I mean a eight-pound Smart automatic lock on shotgun. It just tears enemies apart Okay, so last up guys We have the most unique weapon in this game and just one word Skippy if you don't know about Skippy Well, Skippy is a pistol who actually talks and sings to you now won't spoil anything because things go further in terms of options to open up more side quests Involving this weapon But a weapon itself is picked up from a dead dude fan down in alley as you can see from the location on the screen now And I will leave you to witness what Skippy is all about as soon as you pick him up But yeah guys these are well my at the moment top five best iconic weapons But I know there are more out there But until they are found these will definitely do But on that note the end of the video has arrived if you enjoyed it Even a lot really helps out if you're new around here I want to see more cyberpunk be sure to subscribe and if you never want to miss a video upload can turn notifications on By hitting that bow button guys.  How are you? User enquiry technical specifications Hj ke 11 smart gun with built-in AI experimental model name Skippy guy by the dumpster that your owner checking memory resources available 100% All files removed manually possible cause theft Original owner no data suggested solution I got one. I'll take you processing request No objections found You got all your functions running system diagnostics Testing will take approximately 47 seconds bum bum be dumb bum bum. What are you doing? I'm making the way to more pleasant with a soothing melody bum bum be dumb bum bum be dumb bum Test successfully completed the program skippy version 0.01 alpha is running correctly Alright, so what can you do besides talk my ear off? primary feature Automated targeting in case of critical threat to user autonomous shooting capabilities Please choose one of two operating modes first mode puppy loving pacifist I will aim at the enemy's lower extremities Second mode stone cold killer.  I'm sorry. This never happens


I kind of have a question right off the bat. A lot of the weapons that were left in Afghanistan and all of that military power That's not exactly too far away from Israel. Is any of that being used That's just some thoughts that I'm curious what you guys think. I'd say there's at least some chance of that. Yeah Does everybody agree probably Russia's involved in this Russia and Iran? I would suggest Iran with the first and foremost and maybe Ran back by Russia. I ran back by Russia. Yeah, there's a picture. I just posted There it's a it's of a celebration. There's a little girl. You see people holding up. It looks like American M4s Where'd that come from?