Welcome viewers to Channel 17, Center for Media and Democracy, here in Burlington, Vermont. I'm your host for Focus, Margaret Harrington, and viewers, let's welcome our special guest, Mary Han Beerworth, Executive Director of Vermont Right to Life Committee. Welcome, Mary. Thank you very much for having me, Margaret. Thanks for coming, Mary. Happy to be here. Happy to be here. And I am also, we're continuing our series within the Focus series on the title for our program is the Vermont Abortion Law is Bad Legislation, Part 3. And we had formerly titled it, the longer title is H57, the Vermont Reproductive Rights Healthcare Bill is Bad Legislation, Parts 1 and 2. And this is Part 3. So, Mary, bring us up to speed on what is going on with this now law. It is now enacted into law to the surprise of a number of us. Governor Phil Scott did sign the bill endorsing what is, without a doubt, the most radical anti-life legislation in the country now. So, they have codified into state statute not a single consideration for an unborn child throughout nine months of pregnancy. And we have an unlimited, unregulated abortion business now with no parameters around it, no regulations of any kind. But, Mary, they say that this was always permissible in Vermont. And this is just codifying the law. Is this true? That's in its own way. That is true. It's codifying. There was no law on the books. What happened in the legislative session, however, was they were repeatedly offered opportunities to make some common sense amendments to the initial, the H57 language. And they were resoundingly rejected. So, amendments were offered. There were over 14 roll call votes. They were offered an opportunity to agree that parents of a minor daughter ought to be notified before a surgical procedure like an abortion is performed on her, rejected Patricia Blair, who lost her twins, unborn viable twins to a driver who was impaired, had been repeatedly impaired and on the road, begged that we join 38 other states in passing a fetal homicide law so that someone who intentionally destroys the child you wanted and you chose to have tried anything to do with abortion, just protecting a woman from violence or abuse or negligence, rejected. Laws to put parameters and regulations on the clinics themselves, the abortion clinics, rejected. And it went on and on and on. So they had a process where they had an opportunity to say, let's join with other states that have made these common sense proposals and enacted them into law. And this state refused to do so. We go further in one other way, Margaret, and that is that there are parameters on public entities even speaking about pro-life and alternatives to abortion. It's quite radical. It is radical. And, Mary, let's go back to the rights of the unborn child. Like, what are the rights are actually being taken away by this law? It's now codified into state statute that there's no protection for an unborn child, so that the right to an abortion is paramount. And, of course, now we're looking at going even further and putting H57, which is now law, in language in our Constitution, that will take the unlimited, unregulated parameters of the no parameters of H57 and ensconce it into the Vermont Constitution, which is like putting it in granite, because it'd be very difficult to ever get that out. Do we want to look at the text of this? Yes. And if people can take a look at the screen, they'll see that the entire language wraps around personal reproductive autonomy. And that is a very wide open phrase, and it is super protected by the language that would have to rise to a compelling state interest. And we've already established that there's no compelling state interest in our investment in an unborn child. Well, what do you mean, who has established that there's no compelling state interest in the rights of an unborn child? Well, let's say a case went to court after we have, if this proposal five, this amending our state Constitution to embrace abortion on demand through all nine months of pregnancy, is passed into law. And a court case comes up, someone who's been injured, somebody whose boyfriend has abused them and killed the unborn child, and they take their case to court wanting that child to be, the charges filed against this man to include the death of a child. Well, they will have to go, a judge would go back and look at what is in law at the time. And in law at the time now is a codified H57, and that would, I believe, lead to a judge saying there's no compelling state interest. This is what the state has decided it wants. So we're building that legislative history for the court when we pass something like H57. And then my purpose, of course, in being here is to try to outline some of the problems with allowing a constitutional amendment. We would be the only state in the country to do so. This is an initiative of the abortion industry, which I would like very much to get into, driven by the state's largest provider of abortions, Planned Parenthood. Okay. So let's get into it. All right. Exactly. Well, I've been at this for a long, long time. And our motto is to uphold the sanctity of human life from the moment of conception until natural death. And in that, we have chosen to focus on the life of an unborn child, because there's so little defense of that life, and the life of a newborn, potentially with disabilities being left to die, which is infanticide, and euthanasia at the end of life when our most vulnerable elderly could be at risk for feeling pressured into ending their own lives. At every turn, the enemy of common-sense reasonable legislation is Planned Parenthood. They not only have their roots in the Eugenics Project here in Vermont. They are the single largest provider of abortions in the state of Vermont, in the United States of America, and in the world. And as just recently, they fired their president for not being an abortion activist enough. That's what we see play out in the state house. In fact, a rally kicked off this legislative session. This is very disheartening. But we sent a new lobbyist in to listen. And the kickoff was a rally cry. It was right in the state house. They were watching the movie, Reversing Row. And their cheerleader came in and said, who loves abortion? And the whole crowd said, we do, we do. And that's the kind of sort of callous disregard for human life that most people who call themselves pro-choice don't understand is that's taking them further than they would likely go. Now we know that there's a lot of people who follow Planned Parenthood, but is that a comfortable fit who loves abortion? That's part of their Shout Your Abortion campaign. So that was the kickoff event. And we watched with dismay as our beautiful testimony on behalf of life was just disregarded at every turn. So you had something like two minutes to testify? Well, we had day-long testimony before the Senate Health and Welfare Committee.  And we brought in experts. We had testimony from around the country on both subjects about how dangerous H57 was and also how dangerous Proposal 5 would be. Now it's important for listeners to know they'll have a chance to vote on Proposal 5 in 2022. But the work begins now because certainly a personal reproductive autonomy doesn't sound like abortion. It doesn't sound like the taking of a human life. It sounds like a personal reproductive decision-making process. But the intent is very clear. We asked the committees to specifically put the word abortion in the language, and that was rejected. So, but no, we had Bioethics Defense Fund came in to talk about Proposal 5. I mean, they did it by speakerphone. But they're very clear that this could lead to parent embryos experimentation on the smallest of unborn children. It's wide open for a judge to decide. Everything we brought up as a potential problem was said, well, we'll leave it to the courts. We'll just leave it to the courts. It's mind-boggling that you're describing this legislative session with people shouting abortion. High-fiving and cheering and pink shirts. And it was so dismaying for those who are pro-life, but also for those who are some of the members of the House who are pro-choice, but just don't see it as something to cheer about. There's a huge understanding of what the problems are that a woman faces when she's unexpectedly and unintentionally pregnant. And they feel like they need to let her have this other choice as well. But this is not how they see the issue. They have regard for that life, and especially as that the life increases in size by the second and third trimester. So people need to understand those later term abortions are happening here in Vermont. Planned Parenthood will do abortions up to 19 weeks of pregnancy. Now, viability is edging closer and closer to 21 weeks, 22 weeks. The smallest baby was just born recently, like at 0.8 ounces, and she's gone home from the hospital. So, and then it go further at the UVM Medical Center, which is another tie-in to Planned Parenthood. Yes, please tell us about the changes at UVM Medical Center, which happened a year ago. Is that so? In 2017 and September, we got wind of it in January of 2018. But the former CEO of Planned Parenthood became a member of the Board of Trustees at the UVM Medical Center. And at the same time, there was a push to provide more services. Now, their inheritance at the UVM Medical Center came from the Catholic hospitals, the Fannie Allen to Gosbrion, and they had an agreement that they would not engage in elective abortions, just in those very rare, rare circumstances where a woman's life might be at stake. And that policy, they eliminated it. And now, they've hired three late-term trained abortionists at the UVM Medical Center. And one of them came down repeatedly to testify at the State House and described how she did those late-term abortions. And it's a horrifying Margaret. It really is. And it's very sad. We know that unborn babies, science is telling us that unborn babies can feel pain. They actually feel excruciating pain because those nerve endings are so raw. They're so undeveloped. They don't have the thicker skin over those nerve endings. And so it's just... it's horrifying to contemplate how close we are doing abortions to the day of viability. And you bring right here the baby, the unborn baby, and with the language that was thrown out in age 57, no fertilized egg, embryo or fetus shall have independent rights in Vermont. And as my former guest, Sharon Toburg, explained, it doesn't matter that that language was taken out. It doesn't matter. And the chair of the Human Services Committee, Representative Ampue from South Burlington, made that very clear in committee. She said, we understand we're taking this out, but does everyone understand that it makes no difference? So they're very clear about that. There's no desire to protect that life at any stage. So, Mary, there are many directions we can go here with this, but I would like to focus on the sanctity of life that you describe, and that is not scientific terms. So, but in the scientific terms, it is that... explain it to us. It simply is science. Sometimes we're accused of being religious or moral majority or some of these terms. No, it's based on science. The Vermont Right to Life Committee was formed on the idea that the first right we are guaranteed by our Declaration of Independence is the right to life. And now we back that up with the science that undeniably tells us life begins at that moment of conception. And it's a beautiful story. In fact, National Geographic does a whole beginning of life story, and it's all science. It's science telling us that that little heart is beating regularly at just 24 days after conception. That everything that an unborn child will ever need in its life, DNA-wise, is there instantly.  It just needs a little time to grow. And so this sudden hostility sort of separating mother from what naturally would be her child. I mean, that's her child. And somehow we've made an antagonistic situation here where choice comes in and we have a mother turning against her own unborn child. And we are very, very sympathetic with the pressures that come to bear on that mother. And it's usually, and we know many, many women who've had abortions and they know they can come to us and they know that they can feel very comfortable because we understand. In fact, many of our board of directors are women who've had abortions. And they almost invariably will say to you at the end of the story that they need to tell, that they've carried around for years and years and years, they almost invariably say, I just felt I had no choice. Which is so sadly ironic since we're screaming pro-choice and cheering. It's a terrible day. The day you have an abortion is a terrible day. It's not something to celebrate. And we hear the lifelong regret that comes in. Often they call me on the day they had the abortion or the day the baby was due and they say, wow, my baby would be five. And it's just an ongoing sadness. So we bring that to the table and try to defend that life and try to bring reason in common sense. We brought women to both of the hearings, the public hearings, but as well as the hearings in the State House who have had abortions to plead their case, that they didn't feel they were given options, that abusive boyfriends were pressuring, that finances came into play. But it was just moved no hearts. It moved no hearts. Planned Parenthood is a dominant player in the State House. They have federal and state funding that allows them to do a lot of private fundraising at election time and they have a lot of influence over the legislators. In fact, there were letters that were sent out to the members of the House that they were watching every vote, every comment, and every amendment and would be scoring that at election time. They insist on 100% compliance with their agenda. It's frightening the way it happened, Mary, that when the election came up in November 2018, it was an issue. Nobody knocked on doors here in Chinden County and said no fetus, no fertilized egg, no embryo will have independent rights in Vermont. I mean, nobody was talking like that at all. And yet when people who had voted for progressives and Democrats communicated with their representatives, they said, what do you think that a fetus has independent rights and wanted to get into that? It just wasn't an issue in this last election in Vermont. And all of a sudden it became the centerpiece of the legislative agenda. And that is what they repeatedly said. Very dismaying for us was the Senate pro tem who said abortion makes women equal people. And this leaves us so heavy hearted that that could be even a consideration. How does that make women equal? How does it make women equal to have the legal right to kill your unborn child that's not something a man can do? I don't understand. I really don't understand. And some of the language I just don't think they hear. It borders on what we were talking about earlier is the eugenics project in the Green Mountain State. Let's talk a little bit more about the eugenics project. And I have the statement regarding the University of Vermont and eugenics from E. Thomas Sullivan, the president, June 21, 2019. And he apologizes within this kind of... I believe it is appropriate to state unequivocally that the eugenics survey of Vermont, 1925 to 1936, supported by UVM on its campus, contributed to the stereotyping, persecution, and in some cases state-sponsored sterilization of members of certain groups, sanctioned by law in the state of Vermont in 1931. The destructive impacts of eugenics have been through generations a deeply painful experience. And yet, Mary, we have this abortion law right now, which is the product of Planned Parenthood. And let's talk about the eugenics and Planned Parenthood. Well, this is my subject. I've studied and I've very, very, very much relied on Nancy Gallagher, who she and Kevin Dan stumbled across the eugenics project records at the UVM Medical Center. And you can find their information. UVM has devoted an entire website to the eugenics project. So you can poke around in there and find out how diabolical it was. They targeted families for extinction. And it was Henry Perkins, who was a zoologist at UVM and a follower of Darwinism, just believed that he wanted the race of thoroughbreds. Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood, said very similar things. She also just, they referred to human beings as human weeds and imbeciles and defectives. And they thought whole generations of families needed to be sterilized out of existence. They had one thing in common. All the families that were targeted, the families didn't know they were being targeted, but these sort of up in their high places decided which families were going to be eliminated. And they would come into the town where these folks lived and gather information and try to round them up and find something that they could arrest them for or put them in a reform school for and then eventually your condition of release was voluntary sterilization. So that's an attitude toward human life that is shockingly disdainful of your fellow man. It's the one thing they all had in common besides being, breeding large families. I mean, they were folks that were the Abenaki Indians, the French-Canadian Catholic families. They had large families. That was one of the problems. But the really big thing they had in common was they were poor. And instead of coming into town to see how they could help with a job or assistance of some kind, they were targeted for sterilization. Now the interesting part in this book, and it's very briefly touched upon, but it's very important, is that Henry Perkins was not only driving the engine of the state eugenics project here in Vermont. He was also on the American eugenics society. He was vice president. And when Nazi Germany was exposed and the failure of these eugenics projects was exposed. I mean, they tried to say it was somehow in the breeding of DNA, but it wasn't proving itself out. I mean, wealthy families had just as much alcoholism and problems, and so the science was on the way. I mean, people were not buying it anymore. He personally took it upon himself to introduce Margaret Sanger to the American eugenics society. Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood, was not considered somebody you wanted in polite companies. She had quite a scandalous background. But he convinced them that her birth control review, which became Planned Parenthood, was the wave of the future. And so there's a direct connection to that. So a very big stronghold here in Vermont. The roots to Planned Parenthood are very powerful. So they go all the way back to those moments in history in the eugenics project. And today, Planned Parenthood has more clinics per capita than any state in the United States. We have 12 Planned Parenthood clinics here in Vermont. Our neighbors to the east, New Hampshire, I think, has five, and Maine has four. And we have 12. So they have deeply entrenched into our thinking is the idea that still, that we need to eliminate certain populations, I believe. Yes. And abortion is presented by Planned Parenthood. Is it not as birth control? Right. So that is their goal, is that abortion is just another method of family planning. One abortion is testified at the State House after she finished discussing the late term abortion procedures. She said, but we have other methods of family planning as well. And that comes as a surprise to a lot of people who might see abortion as a sad necessity in some terrible cases, but never think that it should be a method of family planning. I mean, the reproduction has already happened. And so there's now time for us to consider that life. And it's so ironic, Margaret, because we're sitting here in a state that has such concern for such interesting causes and important causes. But I did a little research. We have salamander crossing guards in Addison County. We have people saving turtle eggs down in the southern part of the state. And on and on it goes, and you can't move a bird's nest that has an egg in it. So these ironies just keep coming up. Where on the scale can an unborn baby be placed? Where can we say that we recognize this human life? Because it's important that we say and repeat, an unborn child is a child already living on this planet. And an abortion ends that child's life. So we watched it was with great dismay. Great dismay, absolutely no consideration. Not only for the unborn child, but very little consideration for the woman either, either. A young teenage girl would benefit in most cases by letting somebody know she's got a problem. Notifying parents is one of our big agenda items. And especially that's important in the day and age of me, too. Because an abortion is covering up a potential crime if we're not... One thing I always like to point out is the first thing this young girl's father is going to ask is who's the father of this baby, right? But when we get a secret abortion, that goes away. So there's many, many issues. It was an overwhelming session. We could not seem to bring reason to the state house. Well, Mary, you describe it as a secret abortion, and yet it is condoned and performed by... by, say, the abortionist... It would be Planned Parenthood. And perhaps paid for by the state. Right, that's exactly right. So somebody knows just not the people who care the most. Yeah. I know. It's an ironic situation for us. Once upon a time, we had a better balance in the state house. But the other thing that's amazing to me is we have a number of progressives and Democrats in the state house who are very concerned about the eugenics project in Vermont and want it to never happen again. And as you just read, UVM has apologized. But now they've moved into elective abortions right into the later weeks of pregnancy. And someday I believe they're going to have to apologize to a number of people. It's... And to the women that... And all the babies that have been aborted. Ironically, also the hospital has a day of mourning for those who've lost their children to miscarriage. But what about the ones who've lost their babies in abortions? So... So, Mary, it is a social shift, is it not? This abortion law and probably, possibly the abortion amendment. And it's a social push and shift. And could you go into that about how it will impact how children are educated in schools? And there can be no interference now from anyone about the legality of abortion. And in fact, that abortion is the way to go. Right. It's going to be a real challenge.  So if you're in a situation, if you're working for a public entity and if you're being told that you can't discuss alternatives to abortion with anyone or recommend maybe going to a pregnancy care center rather than Planned Parenthood, or... And it doesn't even say if you work for a public entity that you have to be on the job. I mean, is your speech restricted after hours? So these things are all a great concern to us. It's a startling in a state that embraces free speech. So what they did in this last legislation, and God forbid, hopefully they don't do it in the Constitution, but they lifted abortion out of everything else so that nothing pertains just to the one procedure abortion. It's if a business came down and had the power and influence to just say those regulations can apply to everyone else, but not to us. And that's basically what they did. So Planned Parenthood came down. They're in the business of abortion. They testified they do 1,100 abortions a year here in Vermont. 1,100 abortions out of the 1,200 or 1,270 that are done. So it's nearly entirely their business. And they came down to lobby in favor of protectionism for whatever they want to do. So they don't use physicians. They won't have to use physicians. There can be no regulation from the state. Well, also this is an angle that is terrifying, in fact, that the medical professionals will not be there to perform the abortion. Well, they will use people who are trained. So they use nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, and physician assistants, but not necessarily a physician, a OBGYN. It's astounding, it really is. But in the law now, is it codified that it should be a medical professional who is performing the abortion? So they have their own standards, and that's what they deflected to, was that Planned Parenthood has their own standards and the hospital has their standards. But a bad actor could move here, and what would we have, what tool in the toolbox would we have to put them out of business? So there are bad abortionists. There are dangerous abortionists out there. And if they did target us and come here, we have passed a law that does not let us interfere with that business. Okay, you have passed, there has been a law passed by the, no. No, no, no. So right now the legislature was falling back on the fact that Planned Parenthood has its own standards and the hospital had their standards, okay? But the law itself does not allow for any standard for, let's say, someone wanted to move here outside of those two networks and set up an abortion business. They could, and we would, as of now, have no tools to inspect, investigate, or put them out of business. Mary, there are so many. We'll finish this part three now and you can come back. We'd love to come back. But leave us with some, will you have a petition? You will be able to find very soon on our website a petition where you can sign your name against the passage of Prop. 5. And we will then put you in a network where you can get updated information about talks that will be occurring all around the state. We will be speaking out. We will be bringing in those experts that spoke in the legislature and we'll be taking them to counties around the state. So stay tuned and thank you for this opportunity. I really appreciate it. And Mary, thank you so much for being here and this is a common ground that we have with communicating with all Vermonters and we're listening to you and thank you so much for being here. Well, thank you for having me. Appreciate it. Thank you, viewers. Thank you, Channel 17. Until next time. Goodbye for now.


This study uses coherent diffractive imaging and ultra-short soft x-ray free electron laser pulses to track the evolution of individual large gas-phase xenon clusters turned into a nanoplasma by a high-power infrared laser pulse, from femtoseconds up to nanoseconds after excitation. The analysis reveals a mean cluster size and length scale of internal density fluctuations, which are reproduced by scattering simulations that assume the cluster expands with pronounced internal density fluctuations hundreds of picoseconds after excitation. This article was authored by L. Fluckager, D. Rupp, M. Adolf, and others.


Okay, so let's look at the sympathetic branch. The sympathetic branch is also sympathetic branch of the ANS is also visceral motor. So don't forget that it's just another flavor of visceral motor neurons. And you remember from anatomy that those guys, their cell bodies are found in T2 to L1 or T2 to T10. I can't remember. Barn. Okay, somebody's going to remind me and then that's awesome. So we have a specific anatomical location for the cell bodies. Our whole specific, like our whole response is basically, oh, hell, I better run.   That's probably not totally family friendly, is it? I don't want my kids using that word. Okay, same as parasympathetic, we've got two neurons in a sequence and we have a pre-ganglionic neuron and a post-ganglionic neuron. And we have the post-ganglionic neuron dumping something onto an effector and I drew these on the exact same page because I don't want you to forget the fact that my effector here is the heart and it is innervated by sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system at the same time. And then the magical queen of everything hypothalamus is in there like controlling a little bit of sympathetic, a little bit of parasympathetic, oh, maybe a little more sympathetic, maybe we'll beef up the parasympathetic a little bit, managing the whole scene to make sure that the barfage of neurotransmitter is exactly perfect and that the effect that will maintain homeostasis, really. I mean, that's awesome. Thank you, queen of everything inside my brain. All right, so aren't you wondering like what is the story here? Who, what are my neurotransmitters? Okay, we're going to play Pictionary. Who is it? Doesn't look like exactly the same color. Yes, but it is exactly the same color. My friends were dumping acetylcholine onto nicotinic receptors in my ganglionic synapse. So my pre-ganglionic neuron dumps acetylcholine. My post-ganglionic neuron has a nicotinic receptor to open sodium channels and pass the message along. However, sympathetic nervous system, this is like run fast. And who are you going to expect to be down here? What kind of chemical, what kind of neurotransmitter? Is it the same? I know you can tell what color that is. Dude, no one can tell what color that is. That is epinephrine. It can also be nor epinephrine. Both of these guys are neurotransmitters that could be dumped from sympathetic neurons, from the post-ganglionic sympathetic neuron. And then you tell me what kind of receptor are we going to have? Well, what we know is that we're going to have an adrenergic receptor. So I'm going to write that down, too. Adrenergic receptor. And I drew it like a little v. And my epinephrine is going to stimulate the adrenergic receptor, which is going to do the G protein thing. And remember we had two flavors of adrenergic receptors. We had the alpha receptor and we had the beta receptor. And depending on the effect that's necessary, different effectors will have different adrenergic receptors. And sometimes in some homeostatic pathways, we will see alpha receptors on the effector organ. And that will, we will be able to go, oh, now I understand why we see the effect that we do. Other times we'll see the beta adrenergic receptors on the effector organ. And then we'll say, oh, yeah, we can totally figure out how that gets the effect that it does. We will see all of these. We're going to do blood pressure. When we talk about blood pressure, we're going to talk about beta blockers, which are drugs that block beta adrenergic receptors. So you can probably imagine, if that's a blood pressure lowering medication, you can probably imagine where you might see those and what the effect might be when you get stuff dumped upon them. But we'll talk about those details later. I think that that is everything that you need to know about the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. There's one more branch, I guess, that is it's a little bit vague and it probably should be glumped up with the sympathetic branch. And so we'll talk about that one next.


Do you know what I just took? A very interesting nitropic in a liquid form. But is it effective? And what benefits can you expect from it? Let's take a sneak peek at the new nitropics line. I've tested it for a month and in this video you're going to learn everything you need to know about them. Oh, and I will reveal a very big secret about these products. Hi friends and welcome to your Inception's YouTube channel. My name is Greg Gosting-Kar and on this channel we are on the hunt for the best products, nitropics and supplements to boost brand performance. If that interest you then be sure to subscribe and hit the bell for notifications. Now our topic of discussion today is an upcoming brand that goes by the name of Noon Nitropics. We're going to look at the benefits, side effects, my experience and at the end of the video I'm going to tell you who those nitropics are for. But first, what are Noon Nitropics? Now the first thing you need to know about Noon is that the brand sells three products namely rice, renew and relax in an oil format. They're all made for a specific time of the day and they're all made from different ingredients with varying strengths. Each oil is made from natural plants and contains organically extracted hemp with CBD isolate and a few other potent nitropics. Now as you may know, CBD on its own is known to provide relief from pains, inflammation in the body and overall anxiety. Combining CBD with other ingredients, Noon aims to optimize the benefits on a daily basis. But are these nitropics actually effective? And does CBD really boost their brand performance? In order to understand Noon's line of oils we're going to have to look at them one by one. Now let's start with the nitropic of the morning called rice. Rice contains 300 mg of CBD isolate and it is used in the morning when you need a pick-me-up to clear the fast from waking up. It can boost your alertness, productivity and attention so you start your day on the right foot. Now that's a superpower everyone needs once in a while. Rice is ranked a 2 out of 5 strength level and is claimed to have a citrusy taste. Now we're going to talk about the other ingredients and my experience with this product soon. Ok, the second product is called renew. Now renew is for the middle of the day to stop midday crashes or burnouts. It shakes out stress nerves and balances your emotional and mental state of mind. It's made to boost your mood and clear out any brain clutter. It can also help tackle anxiety when you feel it creeping up on you. Now renew has a 3 out of 5 strength level and contains 600 mg of CBD isolate. And finally there is a product called Relax. Now Relax helps you get the proper restorative sleep you need to power through the coming morning and recover from the present day. It eases tension and calms your mind down to improve the quality of your sleep. It conquers restless nights for more reliable relaxation. Now this entropic oil has a 4 out of 5 strength level and contains 900 mg of CBD isolate. It's also made with the pleasant taste of wild berries. Now keeping the claims in mind, let's check the other ingredients in this formula and then I'll share my experience with new. Ok, all new supplements use very effective and popular entropics for brain enhancement, relaxation and for sleep. Rise for example is made from green tea leaves, altheanine, rhodiolar acerut and goji berries. Now as you may know the green tea leaves contains catechins which increase your focus and mental alertness, altheanine is an amino acid that improves reaction time along with overall attention span and rhodiolar acerut will relieve you of your morning fatigue and better your stress reaction. Next we have Renew. Now the 3 crucial ingredients in Renew are Bacoba Muneri, Lion's Main Mushroom and Ginko Below Belief. Bacoba Muneri is also known as Bramhe, this is a herb that can improve learning, memory and even concentration but can also help with relaxation. Lion's Main Mushroom is great for your immune and digestive system and can even help with your heart health. And there is Ginko Below Belief which is an herb rich in antioxidants. It reduces anxiety, it boosts your cognitive function and it aids mood and memory simultaneously. Finally we have Relax, an entropic design to make sleep easier. Now this oil contains passionflower, chamomile, ashwagandha and valerian root, all known to assist with better sleep in different capacities. Ok, all of that sounds great but there are two problems I see with this formula. First the brand uses proprietary blends which I don't really like at all because I don't know the exact dosages of all the ingredients in the stack. I already mentioned that to the brand and now it's on them to decide what to do next. Second, the dosages are very low which can be problematic. But listen to that, they use clinically proven technology that enhances the bioavailability of the active ingredients to up to 15 times. So you can achieve similar effects with 10-15 times lower amount of ingredients. Ok, that all sounds great in theory but how does that work in real life? Ok, let's check out my experience. By the way, are you on the lookout for the Basin Tropics to meet your daily needs but don't know where to start? Then check out our free Neutropics Quiz, link below and get a personalized recommendation for the Basin Tropics for you. Ok, I've been testing new Neutropics for about a month so what happened? First the Rise. Well, despite its name, Rise wasn't really made to give a strong kick but rather help you get in the flow. Now I usually took it in the morning before I started working on my daily tasks. And what happened? Well, nothing special to be very honest with you, I didn't really get a strong energy boost but I felt slightly calmer, more relaxed and hence more focused. Now based on the effects, I cannot say Rise would become my favorite brain booster but I see it more as an add-on to my favorite Neutropic stack. Then we have Renew. I usually took Renew in the afternoon, usually after my lunch or so. After the Rise I felt more relaxed and calmed down, which didn't really boost my performance but it led to a calmer and more pleasant afternoon. And that's what I really liked. And then there is Relax. Now I find this formula the most potent one in a way. So whenever I took Relax, I instantly became calmer, more relaxed and ready to end the day. So overall, I was extremely satisfied with Relax, I was quite satisfied with Renew but not particularly excited about Rise. Alright, I'll talk more about the pros and cons about this product soon but first, how should you take these entropics? And can you experience any side effects? Now you want to start off with 0.5 ml of oil and build up from there if more is required. Obviously, not everyone's needs are the same but 0.5 ml is a good starting point. Now you can enjoy this oil in water or tea as it is water soluble. You can even take it as a drop on the tonk like I did before when you are in a rush. And the pleasant flavors will make sure it's not too unbearable to wash down. I usually took about 1 ml which I put directly in the water. Now this tastes quite good and it's much more convenient to take than capsules, which is an important advantage. Now when it comes to the side effects, Nune is still a relatively new product and there is not much to mention when it comes to side effects. Regardless, it's always safer to follow the recombined dosages and keep to one serving per day, especially if you are using more than one product at once. For example, rise in the morning and relax at night. Personally, I didn't experience any side effects with this product and I find it quite safe but of course do consult your doctor before supplementing it. By the way guys, if you like this video, please press the like button below. When it comes to price, each notropic drop has a different price, with rise selling for $65 for 30 ml, renew selling for $70 and relax selling for $75. Now it is a little pricier than one might anticipate but that's how it is. If you wanna order the products or try them out, check out the links below and feel free to use my special discount code. So now that we've gone over Nune's line of products in depth, let's look at the good things and lots of good things surrounding Nune. First the pros. Each oil drop serves its own purpose. Rise is made to fight the fuzziness of the morning, renew is made to kick back, make it burn out and relax helps you wind off from all the excitement that they brought. With each oil being carefully gathered, your whole day is carved for optimal performance. Nune's tropic drops are extremely easy to incorporate into your day. You can enjoy them on your own or blend them into your favorite tea or a glass of water. Now the dosage is simple and small so it does not interfere with your routine in any way. Nune has made itself a very stylish and chic brand image, which is complemented by its product design too. I mean guys, just look at how stylish and minimalistic their bottles are. And all natural and organically grown and extracted ingredients are certainly bragging rights, one which Nune can hold in high esteem. But here's where the waters become trickier to navigate. Nune does have a high price and the quantity versus the quality does come into question here. If Nune really is worth incorporating into your daily routine, then is it the price too? We don't know the exact amount of all the ingredients in the stack which is definitely a problem and I definitely hope they change that soon. Now they currently lack a strong energy and brain booster but as far as I heard, they're working on it. Now, what's my final verdict? Should you avoid Nune, consider it or just go to the store and buy it? Well I think you should consider it. All in all, I believe this product is made for people who need more clarity and be more relaxed. It declutters thoughts and reduces the levels of stress you feel during the day, making productivity an easier and more accomplishable goal. Plus, there is the flexibility of choosing the product you need for your specific needs. Overall, I find all three products more on the calming side. If you want to boost your productivity, if you're a writer or a creative or if you need to do some planning, etc, these products can be very helpful. But if you're searching for a strong brain booster, then check out this product up here. Thank you guys for watching and I hope to see you soon again. Stay well.


Everybody for us here ripping the sports card almanac multi-sport personal box edition volume three got William L with three boxes here Good luck William got box 981 and 41 981 41. Good luck. See what you got great looking card here a 2021 illusions football laundry tag auto one-of-one Adrian Peterson 52 Reebok that looks game worn man. Just player worn Huh interesting it had that really old-school look in it Reebok Jersey, too Must have had that for a while Yep, player worn laundry tag auto one-of-one Adrian Peterson number 81 now. Yeah, that's got to be pretty rough Colin almanac instant redemption Lotto Almanac instant redemption baseball to a lotto good time to get this one. Oh Yeah, oh Yeah, 2022 tops tribute baseball tandem autographed book card Mellon our in auto and Albert Pujols 1225 Congrats William L. There he is man It is 700 a little over 24 hours ago pulse and Nato dual auto 12 of 25 From 2022 tops tier one tops tribute. Excuse me. Congrats William One more box to that is sick More box Last box for you William Dude, I love this 2019 mosaic Jamarant rookie Genesis PSA Geminten NBA debut Jamarant Genesis man Genesis love Genesis. That's like what the third or fourth we've had tonight in the Almanacs That might be the biggest one right there. That's nasty Congrats William.  We will get these out to you


So let's get started and I would like to remind you that we will have two hours class today But on Friday, there will be no class, but next Tuesday and next Friday and Yeah, so let's see. Oh, sorry There will be classes next week, let's have this ready and we'll continue with this one I I Decided to a little bit speed up and Cover many of the subjects that pertain to the sort of pre 1990s a little faster and expecting you to make your readings for better understanding All right, so it is essential that you make your readings from this book Which I thought I lost it and I found it somewhere in the on the shelves of my library at home So please Try to sort of catch up if you have missed any classes and the podcast of this these sessions will be available As far as I understand starting from today Yeah, and if you missed any of the classes and if you saw missed me and then you can sort of watch the class deliberations on the internet, so And as far as I understand anybody from around the world can watch this, right? Well, so we're teaching the world so that's a good opportunity and you can take more roles if you like by Getting involved in the discussion taking part asking questions making comments If you like you can turn to the camera and make yourself known to the rest of the world. All right So we were talking about Basic Developments of the yardsticks a sort of the fundamental stones in the history of the Middle East There are quite a number of issues that we cannot cover of course all of them And this is not a department of history and it's not a course on the history of the Middle East But we are going to talk about as far as we can at the end of till the end of the semester on security issues and since today Middle East constitutes one of the most important topics in international security, of course We have to cover as many issues as possible extending from proliferation of weapons of mass destruction Overarmament. I don't know if you noticed last Friday. There was a TV interview right in the middle of the campus Which is going to be broadcast this Thursday actually on territory Haber and territory of us The first one territory Haber will broadcast on Thursday evening at 11 p.m. In the evening and Territ hours will broadcast on Friday evening at 10 p.m. If you like to watch because we discuss with together with Samid this Who is a prominent? Journalist and who really covers Middle East security issues as well as other security issues quite closely and has a Really huge background of knowledge and we discuss the arm sail From the US to Saudi Arabia which amounts to 60 billion dollars and this is the biggest single most sort of arm sale amount and the history of US arm sale as far as we know So therefore there are too many issues terrorism is one of the most important issues that we cover and When people think about terrorism Middle East they think about Middle East and things like that so History is indeed history so it's there. We cannot do much to change it But we have to understand of course history and history of the region as to why things are now happening the way they do I mean or why sort of groups are behaving The way they do in the Middle East and also outside of the middle Especially after 9-11 Some of the developments that were taking place are also seen in other parts of the world where Middle East has some common denominators like Islam religion as to what impact that might have on the rest of the world on The world's security international security stability and things like that. So therefore we have to go as fast as possible and Because I cannot give you every single detail about the history or Or the diplomatic history of the region and it is up to you to read the Chapters that are assigned from this book the one that I mentioned last time as in my opinion You may agree this I agree with me, but I believe most of you will agree that it is a rather balanced book when it comes to Covering Middle East politics in the Middle East history because they're basically as I mentioned before two sort of approaches one approach Issues from one's perspective the Israeli perspective or Zionist perspective the other approaches the issue from our perspective so and try to emphasize certain things or Undermine certain other things. Well, of course, they may still be counted as scholarly work well to some extent depending on how you Interpret this and how what I expect what do you expect from a scholarly study? But this one I strongly recommend for reading As I said chapters are available and the pages that you will be expected to read are indicated in the syllabus you can go ahead and Read them, but before we get started with from where we left last time. I want to know if You guys are coming together and discuss issues pertaining to simulation and especially Members of Jordan and Saudi Arabia are there any one of them here? What about Jordan Jordan? Jordan just you and what about do you know who the three other people are? Please get a copy or check your emails I must have send this as an email attachment and figure this out and as to whom are your Team members because otherwise you will have to be representing Jordan all by yourself You have the list, but you don't know who he or she is all right So well, of course, I'll make a final notice I'll send an email and those who will fail to show up next time meaning next Tuesday Then they will probably be dropped from the simulation list and that 25% will be off right so it is up to everyone's Expense so to speak in terms of grades if they don't if you don't show up regularly If you just put the burden on the rest of the team members Then of course you cannot be qualified to take part in the simulation and therefore you might have chance to get this 25% so this is not a punishment But on the contrary this is something that aims as in protecting the rights of those who act regular like regular students so we cannot let people to just Exploit this all right so and one of you meeting I guess where is a oh, yeah, you send me an email to set up a discussion or Meeting in my office today. Well, I will not be available during the break because I will have class in the afternoon But in the meantime, I will have to go to the city but I will send you emails and Sort of indicate this five or maybe ten minutes Slots, which I will try to make during the breaks. I mean during the lunch break Well, it will not cover all of your lunch break So it will cover only ten minutes of your time during this one hour break from Half past noon to 1 30 so any Next week, maybe on Tuesday or Wednesday or Thursday.  I want it also in written not in you know Very much detail, but just at least maybe in half a page or some maybe just one page Indicate as to what you have done so far starting from we had our first meeting for instance on such-and-such day and we sort of Decided to share the burden among us and I will be representing so we decided on whom to represent for instance, I mean, I'm just throwing right from top of my head so Therefore you will have to both in written and also verbally Submit or give me kind of progress report So that I see you work on the subject because this is the best way to learn things and as I said at the beginning for those who missed I would like to repeat you are not going to be Sort of representing of course only your country But you will sort of a learn a lot from listening to others But also in due course while you will be making this research You'll have to know about other countries sort of foreign and security policy priority So therefore it is something that will be Helping you to learn many of the things especially as they pretend to the present-day situation also by making some reference to the more recent past So that will be a good experience for all of you as far as I understand All right, we covered some parts here so far and we talked about the rise of Nasser to power and that the impact of Nasserism or well something that like this still exists. I mean as I said Baking 2006 when I was in Cairo for a conference. I had an opportunity to just you know make some observations and also talk with Scholars experts from Egypt. We talk about many things and by the way at that time As an anecdote a part in parentheses something as a footnote not necessarily directly Relevant to what we are going to discuss today, but something important for from our perspective is that on two different occasions to Egyptian professors one probably during at the breakfast and the other Lady during lunch or dinner just they came to me and both of them said exact almost exactly the same thing Which was? They said actually in the Arab world. There was a new trend that and that is back in 2006 There was a new trend among scholars in terms of in studying as to whether the Arab world made Injustice to the Turks to the Ottomans by aligning themselves with the imperial powers great powers I mean Britain in the first place and in France after having seen what these powers Have been doing or have done in the Middle East especially during the two Iraq Wars and more recently 2003 and onwards. So there was this search All source her soul searching among the Arab scholars They said not only in Egypt, but in the Arab world in the wider Arab world There was this somewhat a regret for what they have done to the Ottomans in terms of aligning themselves with the great powers just to Expect liberation from the Ottoman rule and at what expense so it is good that people can sit and talk about or discuss the their history with an open mind with its sober mind Approach and also as with as much objectivity as possible. Of course objectivity comes from You know verifiable facts data based on scientific research On in the archives in in memoirs and other things which what we call primary sources So it is important Well, this time again in two weeks time. I'll be again in Cairo for again sort of Middle East secure related Conference, and I'll see if the situation has improved any and Well, we'll see and I'll discuss this subject with my Arab colleagues. Okay, let's go back to this the impact of NASA one important thing that we could just Or a few things about the impact of Nazar first on of course Egypt And Egypt's foreign and security policies, of course under the NASA rule Has have taken a different shape and we had we see here There is this non-aligned sort of attitude and Starting from the refusal to join the Baghdad pack This is an important development and also not only Egypt itself But also other countries under the influence of NASA they stay clear from the Baghdad pack and Which was something that was formed back in the early fifties under the sort of eyes know a doctor in which suggested local or regional countries to get together and Sort of in in groups to stand firm against Soviet expansionism The United States would not take active part in these groups But would give strong support backing from outside That was the plan and Baghdad pack was a was an outcome of such a doctoring so Again, of course There are many many studies books on Nasser's personality. We're not going to go into detail I'm this is even even this much is too much a detail for the purpose of our course But it is important to understand as to what kind of leadership he Displayed his sort of He had during his time and what and why some or certain things have happened Because ambition is something You know somewhat dangerous if uncontrolled It is good if you have a target if you if you have an objective And it is something that motivates you to work towards it and sometimes that achieving this goal might be difficult So you might have to motivate yourself you may you should have a certain degree of ambition But over ambition if you make certain things or approach in an obsessive manner Or if you cannot control your ambition, then you can you are more prone to make mistakes So because in a sense ambition Blinds one's eye and therefore you may not see the truth or whenever you have to see it so The Suez canal crisis again details are everywhere just click on the internet that just Google it right Suez canal You will have pages of information So but what matters from our perspective what what is essential to understand it is something that we even yesterday There was a whole day meeting on You know secure related issues somewhere in the city and one Italian participant sort of Constructed analogy between the goals policy back in the 50s and late 50s and Present-day turkeys foreign policy with respect to sort of thing well I don't think he was right. I know I'm not going to go into its details But what is important was that when Nasser proclaimed this nationalization of the canal because He had an arm steel. He wanted more arms to strengthen itself against of course Israel in the first place and for regional prominence and and because Nasser distance himself from the Western world It was not possible for him to get these arms from the United States or Britain or Friends and therefore this arm steel was Stensibly on paper with Czechoslovakia, but behind the walls. It was Soviet Union So but and in order to finance this he needed fresh new resources financial resources and one way to achieve this objective was to Get the revenues of the canal all by himself and the only way to do it was Nationalization of course that was not acceptable Not only for you know economic or financial reasons, but for strategic reasons for political reasons economic reasons So therefore the West especially French British and Israel Reacted and they just you know made statements that that would not be acceptable and that Statistical exanter must be sort of established, but Nasser was firm Anyway, we we see there was an offensive Against Egypt by a combined offensive by Britain France and Israel against Egypt But what is interesting to note here? Even though Nasser distance himself from the United States And even though on the other hand Britain France and Israel or the two or three key allies and Israel all the more So I mean allies of the United States United States just did not accept this offensive and he intervened and together with the Soviet Union the two superpowers sort of Not necessarily having very good time in their relations. They both did not like this intervention so that was in many respects the turning point in history of the Middle East and also in in the world because yes, it is true that the United States was Possibly the only country which really survived the the second World War without much damage If you exclude of course the US soldiers who lost their lives and the Pearl Harbor, but other than that physical damage and loss of lives They were not as significant as the situation in Europe and elsewhere in Japan or in In Southeast and Pacific etc Even though it was the United States which sort of as I said emerged as maybe the Single most important power Together with the Soviet Union by Soviet Union had undergone the destruction of the second World War and but the transition of Rather world dominance if I may put it that way From Britain to the United States did not necessarily take place until this Major event. Yes, Britain, of course face all this destruction sort of had to heal Its wounds after the World War two. It was neither economic nor political Not at all me entirely in a very good shape, but after all remember great Britain was The you know a great power for so many centuries from east to west so but And what we have seen after the World War two Of course in stages not all of a sudden and it takes time in especially international politics in politics as a whole All such Transformations and we have mentioned in the beginning of the semester that there was this decolonization process And Britain had to withdraw from you know its colonies from territories that it sort of controlled for so many decades centuries India was one of them out of which Pakistan was born and we now see what is happening there so But the United States or that was a landmark event in the sense that its sign and seal the United States Uncontested supremacy is at least in the Western world So United States impose its own political will on his two major allies And of course Israel with this event so and since then United States is now since then it has been Accepted as the world Superpower together with the Soviet Union, but for the Western world the most important country in the eyes. Well, there are certain of course Consequences of this one of which was the goals reaction in France the goal was a very conservative person and one of the Most anti-American Poetations that you can you could find at the time there are many more nowadays But of course that one of the consequences was Maybe accelerating something that was still on the way the French atomic bomb for instance after 56 the French So that they would their security could not depend on the United States they did not want to depend on the United States and Not to be sort of a too much depend on the United States not only Immunitarianly secure secure device, but also politically economically so they the goal accelerated the French atomic bomb project which actually culminated in the Detonation of their first device in 1960 so within four years time Maybe they have gone much faster than they would have otherwise Had this event not taken place and in Britain, of course the consequences were again quite significant Well, there was a cool air between the two but still Britain and Israel I exclude France here Israel and Britain are the true strategic partners of The United States because there is this talk in Turkey Turkey being the strategic partner of the United States I don't think this is the case. Well, some people might wish might like to see it that way or They're sort of understanding my sort of Suggests it depends on what you understand from strategic partnership of course and Maybe Turkey and the United States are strategic allies. This is true within NATO, but strategic partnership is Different it means you have to Look almost every single major and also maybe less significant Developments in the world from the same perspective through the same window and Sit and talk before one of the parties take action Decide on what collaborative action in cooperation with one another No, what you know, they have to sort of do or they have to take so this is this is important and therefore Britain and Israel have been and still are and will most like to be in the foreseeable future Strategic partners and they sort of devise their foreign and secure policies with much Consultations with one another and this is important Just is a footnote. I wanted to talk about this Of course even though well there was the Egyptian meetery was in difficult situation because Israel had again landed its paratroopers on the Sinai Peninsula. They had advanced to certain targets Sorted French and British armies The Egyptian army was not in a good shape. They were not winning the war They were not losing the war. They were losing their man air power and land power but after a US intervention the war had stopped and Nasser emerged as a hero following the crisis because well people do not make all these Calculations as to how many tanks or how many aircraft one lost or how many men they lost as to who is the winner Who is not but the perception in the Arab world in the Arab streets was that Nasser was so powerful that he sort of compelled the United States and the Soviet Union the two superpowers to intervene in This war against the no other powers of the world So that was therefore important and the Nasser's prominence to a regional hero Sort of status was pretty much with this and this is important and we have seen a Sort of the impact of this as you can see on the on the screen here. There is this Demand coming from Syria To get united with Egypt as I just sort of Try to show last time. Let's have a look at this picture. Well Egypt and Syria Combining their You know powers With oldest distance and also in with other sort of entities in between was not that much a practical idea But yet especially because of the fear of Some Arab intellectuals and politicians as well as the members of the army their fear from the communist expansion they sort of Asked for help from Nasser That that is important, but this did not last long because They were the the leading personalities in Syria Who would govern the country normally in Syria in Damascus were invited to Cairo because that was the Joint capital of the United Arab Republic and not only that they were far from their own lands but they were also somewhat being dominated by the Egyptian metri politicians and otherwise and After some time they have seen the impossibility of Going alone for long periods and it just lasted a few years Another important thing especially Nasser because he was He rose to the you know regional power Position he found in himself the responsibility to Act on behalf of the Arab people on behalf of the other Arab nations Arab people and Although he did not have much to say Again here look at where Yemen is and Where Egypt is well, there is of course not so big a distance if you just compare things with distance but he got involved in the Yemen civil war and this is an instance which of course Witness the use of chemical weapons by Egypt against In Yemen, this is something that we always take note of Of course as I mentioned several times the reason behind all this or Nasser's one of the answers ambition was to take the revenge of 48 defeat, but all these Sort of attempts actually Result in much more disappointment than what when compared to what they had in mind at the beginning again As the leader of the pan-Arab ideology he had several Sort of targets objectives one of which of course was to liberate Palestine from Israel occupation Again, just to show you this map here This land actually and much larger land was Palestine during the Ottoman Empire Palestine is the name of this territory here and It's not the Palestine that you think today like which is squeezing here here and not in a uniform manner anyway So this is something very much complicated things Of course Another one of course in order to achieve the school was to acquire meter strength and in order to achieve Mitra victory over Israel and stop Israeli Expansion of territory and each time there was a war between Arabs and the Israelis Israeli benefit from the situation basically for two reasons maybe first of all Yeah, on the one hand one might think that it is it is and it might be an advantage for Arab nations to be that many in number and therefore if they combine their powers They could you know one would think from outside if he or she doesn't know anything about the Sort of characteristics of the region all these Arab nations coming together would form a bigger power a much more powerful sort of a union or Alliance but lack of coordination or Again, even though, you know, they on paper seem to be You know members of the same family Arab nations But they were there was always this A race rivalry among them as to who would be the true leader of the Arab world So this had an impact but on that on that hand there was Israel and still is the situation which is almost on on In other position at all times 24 seven Every single day of the year and every year as long as They they are there. So therefore and always Very suspicious of certain developments always in a high other position and a sort of Maintaining a symmetry capability Training its citizens not only Dmitry on almost every single member of the israelis Population is really sort of public is a is a soldier in many respects or or they have a certain trainings They have certain Instruments, let's say so therefore The the confrontation between the two these two Entities In most case actually in all case resulted in the victory of israel And not only meet your victory in the battlefield, but also in terms of expanding its territory And this territory had been traded off with Especially in the case of egypt for buying peace and recognition which is something That in the past it was more important still it is important, but not as much as In the past recognition. So therefore this is important But what happened in the june 67 war, which is a six days war If you like and within six days Arab lost their territory to israel And including sinai and golan Well, let me go back to the picture here. This is the sinai peninsula Here and golan heights here. Well golan heights are still under israeli occupation Constituent one of the most important topics in arab israeli sort of Peace negotiations or between syria and israel in in in particular, but of course this item cannot be Excluded from the rest of the arab israeli conflict but And in the past they were more important in the sandstead from the golan heights the muskos was within the Missile range of israeli missile range or Because these these are sort of a geographical location of golan heights is sort of Quite conducive to you know launching an offensive Swift offensive very fast offensive toward the muskos and losing capital means losing everything in war. So therefore This is important And israeli's knew exactly where they had to occupy or control In case war erupted and they sort of went to their targets rather swiftly and quickly Again israel after the 60 1967 war in june six days war they controlled east jerusalem gaza and west bank Gaza And the west bank And these are very very important places east jerusalem Again, you you probably know From information which is available everywhere that a palestinian state Has to have its East jerusalem as its capital. This is the Sort of a undisputed common objective of the palestinians and the arab nations so but It is still under the israeli control and turkey has never ever acknowledged that Either and when for instance in 1981 if i'm not mistaken Israel moved Or proclaimed that it moved its capital from televiv to jerusalem Turkey did not accept that did not recognize it and turkey did not move its embassy from televiv to jerusalem The turkish embassy is still in What turkey calls the israeli capital or recognizes israeli capital in televiv So this is an important thing and we'll we'll talk about this in the coming weeks And we will talk about turkish-israeli relations Um, yeah, of course palestinians Yes, if you're right No, that was in 1973 yom kippur war That and that actually is something that we We will just in a moment most probably in the next hour we'll discuss and it had a number of consequences and for you For the purpose of getting prepared for the midterm exam I mean, I don't ask specific Detailed questions as to you know, what was the name of such and such person or what was the date of such and such event but I want you to sort of Have the capability to make this analysis about the consequence of certain major developments For instance a question about What were the consequences or implications of 67 war or as we will discuss in in a moment The consequence of 1973 yom kippur war These are the things that you should Keep in mind of course I want you to learn things in such a way that you don't forget for a long time because I mean I myself I'm not very good in memorizing things and I don't I cannot expect you to do this So therefore Try to understand What were the causes of certain things and what were the consequences of certain things because Codes and consequences are the most important things in in an analytical study And if you mix them up you end up with different results different interpretations And to me it is my you know a personal criterion. I mean which I sort of adopt in you know In trying to scale the the qualifications of someone either as an academic or not Is whether he or she makes this distinction between causes and consequences Because if you cannot distinguish between causes and consequences You're confused and you end up with different and most possibly wrong results So therefore try to follow this this this class discussion and make your readings With a view to understanding what were the causes of such and such thing and what were the consequences of such and such development All right, so other than that if you can keep things names dates places in mind While fine, uh, you're you're better off But if you cannot just don't worry try to understand What exactly was the impact of june 67 war on middle east politics or june? This 1973 war in yom kippur day Etc. So again, uh, palestinians were the ones who were most affected because When the united nations issued that resolution which paved the way to the creation of the state of israel Palestinian people were also given the right. Well, because of many reasons Uh, lack of arab unity and the palestinians expected more et cetera, et cetera, or they just by way of opposing Uh, uh, certain decisions, you know, uh, maybe they they misinterpreted Certain things or they have not had this Long term Vision as to what or how israelis would benefit from the situation, et cetera So the palestinians did not have their state and palestinian people Who were abundant in the region? Since they had no nation They were mostly affected from This in the first place and they most of them have become refugees Some of them, you know, lived in countries like, uh In the region But the a great percentage an overwhelming majority of the jordanian A population consists of palestinian people and still there are millions of palestinians who live in refugee camps today Who are dislocated and their number, uh, is increasing rather fast and it is one of the most, uh critical issues in the arab-israeli peace Peace process because one of the sine qua non conditions of the palestinian side And also some, you know, great powers like the european union United states to some extent They they want these palestinians to have a nation a country whereas One of the uh suggestions is to sort of uh have Them, you know, stay where they are In jordan and in in the neighboring countries, but also one of the proposals, especially the palestinians insist on that And our abnations back them up. I mean support this idea is to return to israel But it is uh because it is Extremely critical from the israeli perspective. I think it was a son who asked that question to me last time the uh the Jewishness of the uh state of israeli is important. You asked that, right? so because The demographic nature of israel is something out of, you know dispute israelis cannot discuss this The jewish character of israeli state in their view must be preserved and if all these refugees whose number Was like two million maybe 15 20 years ago now amount to four for the half or five million In the surrounding countries and in jordan In the second third generations now And if they all go back to uh israel not only that there is not enough space But also if they all went uh to israel Considering that some 20 percent of the israeli population today is uh, uh, arab I mean consist of arab people Not necessarily jewish And therefore the whole demographic demographic I mean the the population wise the percentages will will be upset and israelis cannot accept that But uh, palestinians insist on that just like they insist on east Jerusalem to be the capital of palestine So there are these kind of deadlocks in the arab-israeli issues and when someone Comes up with uh like a formula a magic formula In hand as you know waving this Like a chamberlain in the past after his meeting with hitler Saying that yes, I got the peace. I mean when when when some people come up with this kind of peace proposals and I gives an image that things are You know going to be resolved anytime soon Just be calm and don't be too much excited because this is middle east and solutions are not that easy Of course, you don't have to be pessimistic But you have to be cautious in terms of approaching to all this kind of proposals. I remember Quite vividly. Probably it was two years or so ago. Maybe two and a half years. There was this anapolis meeting and You know scholars experts Or so-called experts were making comments Uh on tv interviews and so excited and this time bush got it all the way and so He's going to resolve all this sort of Problems in the middle east. I said look wait a minute. I mean there are such and such almost Entirely incompatible Demands from both sides and how will you Sort of commensurate them. How will you square them with one another? So this is therefore not something that easy But of course both sides must make concessions otherwise None of these issues can be resolved But again going back to the palestinians the situation of the palestinian people And if you consider that you know in the middle east a great and overwhelming majority of populations are young And who suffer the consequences But still more prone to radicalization. Of course, they fall into the hands of such groups Who to some extent exploit their Youth and and their position their ideologies and we have seen Palestine liberation organization plo Well, it has undergone a number of changes ever since What was in the past accepted as a terrorist organization now today Something that is Respected much more and also recognized as an entity to sort of take part in negotiations And this is therefore something that you have to bear in mind and understand why some of the Palestinian groups are having difficulty in getting along with one another in in peaceful manner Again, one of the other consequences Was the you know bat is cool to control in iraq and syria because 67 war was imbaliation of the regimes in Iraq and syria and these are important developments to bear in mind Oh, okay, let's Give a break here. We have five more minutes, but I just want to start this part And then we'll continue with 70s and 80s