It is indeed time for oral questions. I recognize the leader of His Majesty's loyal opposition. Good morning, ma'am. Good morning, Speaker. Speaker, yesterday, the government house leader took all the Premier's questions. So I was going to try again to see if the Premier will actually address the disaster situation he's landed his government in. Every month, people are struggling to make ends meet. People need a government that's going to help them. But instead, they are seeing one mired in scandal. Speaker, the revelations from the government's $8 billion green belt grab are getting more and more serious every single day. And people deserve answers. Could the Premier confirm that his government is currently under criminal investigation by the RCMP? Minister Mishful Tharrison-Hausen, government house leader. As I said yesterday, we stand ready to assist the RCMP as they undertake a review. At this point, we have not been contacted by the RCMP. Thank you. Supplementary question. I want to remind this Premier and this government that their Premier told voters that he was going to move away from cash for access politics, that he was going to end the cronyism that brought down the previous liberal government. Well, the Premier broke that promise. And five years later, the Premier and his government are under criminal investigation by the RCMP. Speaker, to the Premier, how could the people of this province trust their government when it's under an active RCMP criminal investigation? Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. Look, we will continue to do everything that we need to do in order to ensure that we build a bigger, better, stronger, safer province of Ontario. The Leader of the Opposition in her first question talked about affordability. Imagine the Leader of the Opposition, an NDP Leader of the Opposition talking about affordability when she and her party have voted against every single measure that would put more money back in the pockets of the people of the province of Ontario. They actually voted against, remember the Lyft tax credit for those colleagues who were here in the last parliament, they will know that we introduced the Lyft tax credit, which virtually eliminated the lowest income earners from having to pay taxes to the province of Ontario. They voted against it, Mr. Speaker, because there's a fundamental difference between them and us. They want people to rely on government and to be dependent on government. We want to give people the tools to succeed and every day that is what we're doing, working for the people of the province of Ontario, to give them the tools to succeed and that's why 700,000 people have the dignity of a job, Mr. Speaker. Order. Final supplementary. Speaker, the people of this province deserve answers from the Premier of this province. Government is embattled in this much scandal. It is bad for business. It is bad for the economy. What kind of precedent does it set if people think that succeeding in Ontario is about your connections rather than your merit? It is shameful. I made this point yesterday and I want to remind the government again that the special unit at the RCMP that is investigating the Premier and his government's actions investigates elected officials on quoting them here, fraud, financial crimes, corruption, breach of trust. So back to the Premier of this province, how can the Premier maintain the confidence of the people when his government is being investigated by the RCMP? Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing. Speaker, you know it's bad for businesses. You know it's bad for the economy. You know it's bad for taxpayers across this province. What is bad are policies that are supported by the NDP. When they had the chance with the Liberals in power for 15 years, they brought this province to its knees. Yesterday, yesterday, this minister, along with the Premier, announced another, I think it's an over $2 billion, $2 billion investment in the province of Ontario. You know, as confidence in the people of the province of Ontario, investors around the world who have given over $27 billion of investment to this economy, Mr. Speaker. You know who has confidence in this government? The over 700,000 people who have the dignity of a job that didn't when they and they were in power, Mr. Speaker. That is what we're doing. You know what the Leader of the Opposition can do to help us on affordability? She can call her leader in Ottawa and say, take the 14.3 cents a leader on gas off, help us remove the carbon tax, Mr. Speaker, to put even more money back in the pockets of the people of Ontario. Will they do it? No, Mr. Speaker, because they don't care about the people of the province of Ontario. Oh! Order. Order. The next question. Leader of the Opposition. Speaker, thank you. Instead of taking accountability, this government just lobs insults. They vote down accountability measures. They won't answer simple questions about their whereabouts and their actions. I'm going to get very specific here, Speaker. On September 14th, 2022, a senior staffer for this government received green belt removal packages from developers at a dinner. The next day, this staffer sought clarity directly from the Premier, his Chief of Staff, and the former housing minister. The Premier and his Chief of Staff claim they don't recall this meeting. Will the Premier let us know what was discussed in that meeting with Ryan Amato on September 15th, 2022? Good morning, Mr. Chair. It's been housing. Interity commissioner said he said not only that the Premier had no knowledge, but more importantly that the actions of the government were guided on a desire and a belief that we could build more homes for the people of the province of Ontario. Mr. Speaker, now, as I said on a number of cases, we made a public policy decision that wasn't supported by the people of the province of Ontario. That is why I introduced legislation yesterday to reverse that, Mr. Speaker. But you know what's an insult to the people of the province of Ontario? Every time they go to the gas pump and they're paying an extra 14.3 cents a liter because of the NDP and the Liberals. When they go to the grocery store and they see that the price of vegetables is higher, why? Because of the Liberals and the NDP and a carbon tax, Mr. Speaker. When they open their gas bills for the winter season and they see the price of the carbon tax on each of those bills, that's an insult to the people of the province of Ontario. So if the leader of the opposition really wants to respect the people of the province of Ontario, she'll call her federal leader in Ottawa and say, work with us. Let's remove the carbon tax on the things that matter to the people of the province of Ontario. Let's make this country more affordable because we can do it. Yeah. Yeah. Supplementary question. No one believes that. No one believes that. Order. Order. I'll remind the members of the House that interjections are out of order. Always out of order, as a matter of fact. And I have to be able to hear the member who legitimately has the floor. She should withdraw. And all of us should listen to each other. Listen to the member who has the floor. Start the clock. Leader of the opposition. So we have a, thank you, Speaker. We have a Premier who still won't come clean or answer that question over three days in September. This government went from a rough notion of a policy framework on the green belt to specific properties being identified for removal. Day one, the bill dinner where developers identified properties for removal from the green belt. Day two, a meeting with the Premier and Housing Minister and their staff on the green belt. Mysteriously, no one can recall the details of this meeting. Day three, the Ministry of Housing moves forward with site specific removals and identified three properties. These properties accounted for 91% of the land this government attempted to remove from the green belt. And two of those properties were identified by developers at the bill dinner. Question. Speaker, I'm going to ask again, what caused this government to make a policy 180 on the green belt file from September 14th to September 16th? And the Secretary of State, Minister of the Affairs and Housing. Speaker, now colleagues, the Leader of the NDP said that she doesn't believe a card of tax is costing the people of the province of Ontario anything. So I asked my colleagues, do you believe it's costing us more? Yes, Mr. Stop the clock. I'd really like to be a part of this. If possible. Order. Please start the clock. Minister. And I appreciate the importance of eliminating the carbon tax, even in your community, where farmers are paying each and every day, whether it is the plant the seed in the crop in the ground or to harvest the crop in the ground. I was speaking to Larry Simpson in my writing of a magnificent potato farmer who was talking about a great crop this year, but the cost of taking that crop out of the ground and then delivering it across the province of Ontario is exorbitant. The cost of heating the potatoes over the winter to keep them available for delivery, Mr. Speaker, is incredible. And it's because of the carbon tax, Mr. Speaker. So if the leader of the opposition doesn't believe that it is costing the people of Canada enormously, Mr. Speaker, I ask her to call a few people who are struggling each and every day because of a carbon tax, Mr. Speaker, but will continue to work for all people and put more money back. Thank you. The final supplementary. Mr. Speaker, I understand that the Premier and the government house leader don't want to address the questions about the RCMP criminal investigation of their government. I bet the RCMP won't accept that the Premier can't recall. I know that the people of Ontario and I don't buy it. It's not just September 15th. There were a number of meetings between the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, the Premier's office, the Cabinet Office and the Premier's Chief of Staff. The Cabinet Office booked a meeting on September 7th. On September 21st, there was a meeting to discuss site-specific removals. An hour-long conversation between the Premier's Chief of Staff and Mr. Amato on September 23rd, and I could go on. Speaker, does the Premier really expect people to believe he had nothing to do with this? Thank you. Minister, Mr. Speaker, is there anything else? This province and this caucus are concerned about is ensuring that life is more affordable for the people of the province of Ontario, each and every day. Now, they can talk about it as much as they want. What they really are saying, and we all know it, Mr. Speaker, is that they want to put obstacles in the way of building more homes for the people of the province of Ontario because they were so effective at doing it with the Liberals, right? They were so effective at putting obstacles in their way, they put Ontario into a housing crisis and we have, every single year that we have been in office, Mr. Speaker, we have put measures on the floor of this legislature to remove those obstacles and they have voted against it, but we will not stop, Mr. Speaker. We'll continue to make life more affordable for the people of the province of Ontario. We'll continue to fight against carbon tax. We'll continue to build infrastructure. We'll continue to build long-term care. We'll continue to build roads so that we can get our product to market faster and we will continue to see massive investments like the over $27 billion that have come to Ontario that has created over 700,000 jobs, Mr. Speaker. That is what we'll continue to do, Mr. Speaker, Thank you. The next question, once again, the Leader of the Opposition. Thank you, Speaker. Every day I rise in this house with facts and dates and details on scandals that span ministries and ministers and MPPs and staff and every day the government house leader goes on a long-winded rant, completely unrelated to the questions that we're asking. Order. Two senior members of the Premier's staff and the Minister of His went down to Vegas with a green belt speculator and may have, quote, misled the integrity commissioner about it. Will the Premier use the ability his cabinet has to ask for a full inquiry from the integrity commissioner into the Vegas affair? Minister, Missful Affairs announced. I think that really clarifies everything, right? So for the Leader of the Opposition, over $27 billion of investment in Ontario is a rant. To the Leader of the Opposition, fighting a carbon tax is a rant. To the Leader of the Opposition, putting more money back in your pocket is a rant. So I guess the thousands, the millions of Canadians from coast to coast to coast are ranting when they say that life has become less affordable because of the policies of the Liberals and the NDP, Mr. Speaker. I tell you what we have here. We have the Mayor of Brantford here. You know what he's excited about? He's excited about a brand new long-term care home. The groundbreaking, Mr. Speaker, of a brand new long-term care home in his writing. That's what he's excited about. He's excited about the jobs and opportunity that come with that investment. You know who never brought that investment? It was the Liberals and the NDP because in their time, they brought what, 611? There are more beds, long-term care beds being built in that community in Brantford than there were in the entire province of Ontario where they had the opportunity. That's what people are excited about. It's not a rant, it's fact, and that's what the people of Ontario care about. The House will come to order. The House will come to order so we can resume question period. Start the clock. The supplementary question. It should be really actually quite easy to answer these questions. This boy's trip to Vegas with its massage tables and its good luck rituals and its mannies and its petties made international headlines. How embarrassing. This government wasted no time asking the integrity commissioner to look into the actions of a staff member, Mr. Amato. They promised that they would look to the integrity commissioner to investigate the actions of someone else who was on that trip. The member for Mississauga East Cooke'sville, a former conservative minister, but they don't seem to have taken any action. So, Speaker, back to the Premier. Is his government dragging its heels because the Premier himself has something to hide? Thank you. Thank you very much. This is unbelievable. Dragging our heels, we started in 2018, the very first measures that we took in this place were to build jobs and opportunity for the people of the province of Ontario.  They dragged their heels when it came to investing in hospitals, building new hospitals, refurbishing some of the old hospitals. They have dragged their heels and continue to drag their heels when we talk about building the 413. They're absolutely dead set against people bringing their product to market. They have voted against the investments that we're making to bring back our auto sector. They have voted against the expansion of our colleges and universities. They've voted against the changes that we're making to our education curriculum and are finally seeing results for our students who stagnated over 15 years of policies of the Liberal and NDP. So, when she talks about dragging your heels, Mr. Speaker, the only people that are dragging their heels are the Liberals and NDP, a coalition of the doomed that saw this province brought to its knees, Mr. Speaker, we're rebuilding this province and we'll continue to do it in 700,000 people. The House will come to order. Order. A member is waiting to ask a question. Okay, let's start the clock. The member for Hastings, Lennox and Addington. Speaker, my question is for the Minister of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade. Speaker, the previous Liberal government left Ontario fully unprepared for the electric vehicle future. They allowed thousands of auto manufacturing jobs to leave this province and watched on as the electric vehicle supply chain was being built somewhere else. Thankfully, our government recognized that our province has everything we need right here to build a resilient end-to-end EV supply chain right here in Ontario. That's why we've seen more than $26 billion in auto and EV related investments in just the last three years, including a huge investment we welcomed from Umacore just yesterday in Loyalist Township, my home. Speaker, can the Minister please discuss Umacore's recent investment and what this will mean for the people of Loyalist Township, Lennox and Addington County, and all of Ontario? The Minister of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade. Speaker, we were in the members riding yesterday along with Premier Ford where we turned the sod at an historic $2.8 billion plant. The company Umacore will make battery cathode components. This is an expansion of their previously announced $1.5 billion facility. But, Speaker, we're not just building a plant. We are building Ontario's future. They are hiring 1,000 workers for two years to build the facility. This will be one of the largest employers in all of Eastern Ontario. They will have 600 sought-after, good-paying career jobs. They will hire 700 apprentices, co-student co-ops. This is the first type of this EV battery supplier in all of North America. Welcome, Umacore. The supplementary question. Thank you, Speaker, and thank you to the Minister for the answer. Umacore's investment is just fabulous news for the auto sector and for the hardworking people of Loyalist Township and all of Eastern Ontario. Our government recognizes the massive economic benefits that will stem from Ontario being a global leader in electric vehicle production. And that's why we've been laser focused on securing generational investments like the one from Umacore. Speaker, will the Minister please elaborate on what Umacore investment means to our end-to-end EV supply chain? Mr. Vecchinovsky, the job creation and trade. Well, just think about where we were five years ago. We had an auto sector that was failing, no plans for EV production, but under the leadership of Premier Ford, we have a plan. It's called Driving Prosperity and it was the plan to make Ontario the EV Global Centre. We started with all the current automakers, success. We then attracted two major battery manufacturers, success. And now, after $27 billion of investment, we're working on all of the major supply chain. Umacore is the first, the first of many component suppliers for our EV revolution. Think of this, Speaker. We went from zero to $27 billion in three years. That's why Bloomberg names us, names Ontario as the number two in the global EV supply chain. We are building things here in the province of Ontario and the leading speaker. Question to the member from London West. Thank you very much, Speaker. My question is to the Premier. Speaker, in late August, the Premier appointed Sajid Hussein to the Species at Risk Program Advisory Committee. Mr. Hussein is a developer with no apparent credentials with respect to species at risk. He has also been accused of unlawfully misappropriating millions of dollars from his company for his own personal use. Speaker, why did the Premier appoint Mr. Hussein to this government committee when he knew or should have known about these disturbing allegations? Why the Minister of the Environment, Conservation and Parks? Thank you, Speaker. I want to make one thing clear. Our government holds appointments to the highest regard. This is why this individual in question, this individual in question is no longer an appointee of the government. Unfortunately, we cannot say the same about the opposition and the standards that this leader of the opposition holds is caucused to following the disturbing comments a certain member of the opposition made this previous week regarding the situation and the massacre in Israel. However, Speaker, while the opposition continues to coddle this individual, our government is doing the real work and we are defending Ontario's biodiversity, building Ontario's common resiliency and protecting species at risk. Very much, Speaker, again to the Premier. While Sadjid Hussein appears to have had no qualifications or expertise around species at risk, he is certainly an expert when it comes to making donations to the PC Party. Mr. Hussein has donated over $15,000 to the PC Party since 2019. Speaker, was Mr. Hussein's donor record the reason for the Premier's willingness to overlook the very serious allegations against Mr. Hussein? Mr. Government, Conservation and Parks? Thank you. I want to mention, if you have a leader of the opposition whose caucus laughs at massacres that's happened in Israel, Speaker, totally unacceptable and definitely shows no leadership. But, Speaker, when we talk about leadership, we are empowering conservationists, empowering ecologists, we're powering biologists, not politicians, to make large-scale strategic investments in protecting species at risk here in Ontario. We're making direct investments in protecting species at risk and the species at risk stewardship program. For instance, Speaker, we've engaged over 14,000 volunteers in conservation efforts and created 1,700 jobs, Speaker. This is how our government is building Ontario and protecting species at risk, Speaker. And we've restored over 42,000 acres of habitat for species at risk equal to nearly 100,000 hockey rinks. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. The next question remember from Mrs. Saga and the Mills. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. My question is for the Associate Minister of Small Businesses. As Small Business Week get underway, thousands of small businesses across Ontario, including the ones in my writing from Mrs. Saga and Mills, are looking for ways to sustain and grow their businesses. Small businesses are the economic backbone of communities across our province. However, starting and growing a business is a hard work. Business owners and entrepreneurs need real support and resources that will help them to be innovative and to expand their businesses. That's why our government must continue to help small businesses so they can provide jobs to people from their communities. When small businesses grow and thrive, Mr. Speaker, all of Ontario succeed. Speaker, can the Associate Minister please explain how our government is supporting small businesses across Ontario? The Associate Minister. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. I really want to thank the member from Mrs. Saga and Mills for the question. This Small Business Week, we celebrate the ambition and entrepreneurial spirit of small business owners and their businesses right across our province. Small business owner, I know firsthand the risks and hard work it takes to start and grow a business. Ontario is more than 435,000 small businesses are the backbone of our communities, employing more than 2.4 million people. These small businesses exist in towns and cities across our province. And Mr. Speaker, for 2022, 23, and 2023, 24, we are investing an additional $40 million in the Digital Main Street program, which brings our total investment to over $57 million. Mr. Speaker, Digital Main Street has helped more than 69,000 small businesses create and increase their digital presence. These are real tangible resources, Mr. Speaker, and small businesses. Thank you very much. Ms. Supplementary Question. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. The Associate Minister is right in saying that small businesses are critical in building a stronger interior. Unfortunately, the previous Liberal government, supported by the NDP, gave up on small businesses, resulting in hundreds of thousands of drops leaving our province. Countless opportunities were lost due to the previous Liberal government agenda of high taxes and rate table. Fortunately, our government is determined to create the right conditions for new businesses to start up and succeed in our province. That's why our government must remain committed to making investments that will help provide business owners with their resources they need. Speaker, can the Associate Minister please explain how our government is supporting the development of new businesses in Ontario? The Associate Minister of Small Business. Thank you again for the question. Our government understands that small businesses are vital to our economic success and essential to regional communities right across our province. Small businesses make up almost 98% of all businesses in Ontario. From family-owned corner stores to brand-new startups, everyone knows a small business that has made a difference in their community and we know we need to create the environment for more of these businesses to launch and succeed. So far, Mr. Speaker, we've provided $3 million to Futurepreneur Canada and in 2023-24, the government's providing an additional $2 million bringing our total investment to over $5 million. These investments are critical to our economic success. Now, thousands of young small business owners between the ages of 18 and 39 will be able to access mentorship programs and financial resources. We will always support and promote our world-class small business sector to all of Ontario's small businesses. Happy Small Business Week and thank you for all that you do to support us. The next question, the member for Niagara Falls. Thank you. The next question is for the Premier. On June 9th, this government gave three Minister's Zoning Odors to Southbridge Care, a for-profit long-term care facility owned by a real estate investment firm, Yorkville Asset Management. None of these MCOs had been requested by the local municipality. One of the MCO was for Orchard Villa in Pickering, where 78 seniors died during COVID-19 pandemic and the military had to be called in to take over. The executives and lobbyists for this particular operator have strong donor and political ties to the Conservative Party. My question is, did the minister give preferential treatment to Southbridge? Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing. You know what I did, Mr. Speaker, when I was a minister of long-term care and that I would do as Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing, I gave preferential treatment to tear down a home that should have been torn down ages ago, but the Liberals and the NDP refused to do it. What we want to do in Pickering is tear down an old, outdated home that still has ward rooms in it, Mr. Speaker, and build a brand new long-term care home. Mr. Speaker, that's what we're doing in Pickering. It's the same MCO that I wanted to do in Port Hope, Mr. Speaker, tear down two old homes that aren't even sprinkled, Mr. Speaker, and replace it with brand new long-term care homes. And here you have it, on the floor of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, the people of Ontario can see quite clearly they don't even want to build brand new long-term care homes for the people of the province of Ontario. They vote against literally everything. So will I stop doing MZOs to build new long-term care homes? No, in fact, I'll go just in the opposite direction. If I can do it better, then I will. Mr. Speaker, a couple of more questions. I'm not sure I'd be proud of being the minister when 6,000 of our seniors died in long-term care homes over COVID.  After taking over of Southbridge, Orchard Villa, the military reported that residents had been choking from improper feeding, the presence of cockroaches and rotting food, dehydration, and patients were left in spoiled diapers. The Premier said, the Premier said, not Wayne Gates, the Premier said, it was the worst report, the most heart-wrenching report I have ever read in my entire life, ever. End quote. But this government rewarded Southbridge with three minister zoning orders in one day, including Orchard Villa. Question. Why did the Premier and Minister give provincial treatment to Southbridge care homes when our seniors were dying and being treated with disrespect every single day in that home? Thank you very much. Minister of Municipal Affairs and House of Order. We gave MZOs, Mr. Speaker, because we wanted to build brand new long-term care homes and we're going to continue to build brand new long-term care homes and I won't let obstacles stand in the water. So when this minister of long-term care comes to me and says, I want to tear down an old home and replace it with a brand new one, I will say yes, Mr. Speaker. This is the very same party that held the balance of power for four years in this place. And did they make investments in long-term care? No. If you want blood on your hands, look in the mirror. You have the option to do something. Going to caution the members on the use of language, whether it is in their questions or their responses. It's important that we maintain a high standard of decorum, even the military would expect that. Order. Order. The Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing will come to order. The member for Niagara Falls will come to order. Start the clock. The next question. The member for Canada, Carlton. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. To quote Yogi Berra, it's deja vu all over again. The Auditor General and the Integrity Commissioner identified irregularities in the way the Green Belt lands were awarded to developers. Proper processes and regulations were not followed. Public information was restricted and bid fairness protocols were ignored. When they favored their wealthy insider friends and donors. And now the RCMP has launched a criminal investigation into this $8.2 billion Green Belt scandal. Now we learn that the government has signed a 95-year lease to allow the building of a luxury exclusive European spa on Ontario Place lands by wealthy connected insiders. With no evidence of due diligence. My question to the Premier is, with all the similarities between the Green Belt and the Ontario Place projects, how can the people of Ontario believe that this isn't the exact same game? Minister of Infrastructure to reply. Mr. Speaker, I'm actually very pleased to take this specific question and I would like to reference an article from July 2018 in the Globe and Mail written by Geoff Gray. The previous Ontario government was in the final stages of selecting a private sector bidder to redevelop Ontario Place when it was forced to put the top three submissions included one from Thurmay, a German spa ward which would have included a new beach. Thank you for asking me this question. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. There are times when the opposition talks about the government talks about roadblocks and obstacles and things that are in the way. We call those laws, Mr. Speaker. And again, my question remains the same. How can the people of Ontario have confidence that the same thing that happened with the greenbelt lands is not happening once again with Ontario Place? Minister of Infrastructure. Mr. Speaker, we're talking about two separate government procurements led by two separate governments, two separate evaluation criteria and Thurmay was one of the awarding proponents for the redevelopment of Ontario Place through an arms length agency called Infrastructure Ontario. Mr. Speaker, we will do something that they were not capable of doing and that is bring Ontario Place back to life and make it a place. Thank you. The next question. The member for Richmond Hill. Mr. Speaker, my question is for the Minister of Children, Community and Social Services. As a mother of four, I know that a balanced diet and proper nutrition are important for our children. It is important for the development. Good nutritious food helps our children mental and physical health and is a foundation of academic success. That is why it is unacceptable to hear some children in Ontario will go to school hungry. Our government must show leadership and do all that we can to set up Ontario's next generation for success by ensuring that they have access to nutritious meals and snacks during the school day. Mr. Speaker, can the Minister please explain what actions our government is taking to promote healthy food, access and children across Ontario? Children, community and social services. Thank you very much Mr. Speaker and I want to thank my colleague from Richmond Hill for the great question and all the great work they are writing. Our government invests in the student nutrition program and the First Nations student nutrition program. They have been instrumental in ensuring that students across Ontario have access to healthy and nutritious meals. Earlier this year, our government invested an additional $1.1 million into these programs. Just the other week, alongside the Minister of Education, we announced an additional investment to $38 million this year. Mr. Speaker, these investments will help us deliver almost 90 million nutritious meals and snacks to students ensuring that they have the energy and focus they need to excel in their education. We will continue to deliver these vital services to students who depend on it because Mr. Speaker, I've said it many times and I'll say it again, students may be a portion of our population, they're 100 percent. Thank you Mr. Speaker and thank you to my great Minister. These additional investments made by our government will help to expand access to nutritious food for students across our province. However, the reality is that there are children in our communities including those in my writing of Richmond Hill who are at risk of going to school hungry every day. Access to nutritious food helps students to be more alert and helps to improve the overall physical health and well-being. Our government's investments will go a long way in helping to provide students with nutritious food at school. Speaker, can the Minister please explain how our government is working with all levels of government, community agencies and partners in support of the Student Nutrition Program? Question. Minister of Children, Community and Social Services Minister Scott. I thank my colleague for the follow-up. Our government believes that no student should go to school hungry and that's why we've partnered with organizations including the RL Family Foundation, the Breakfast Club of Canada, the Shad Foundation and the Grocery Foundation to improve these programs. The $1.67 million already raised by partners alongside our government's $5 million investment shows how the public and private entities can come together to make a meaningful impact on the lives of Ontario students and I'm grateful for the generous support and encourage all Ontarians to get involved and support the success of our students. Together we can provide a strong foundation for their academic achievements and overall well-being in the province because again, Mr. Speaker, they're 100% of our future and we need to continue to invest in them. Thank you. Last week, the Auditor General's Office confirmed they are investigating Minister's Zoning Orders. MZOs create a two-tier planning system where favourite developers can skip the planning rules that apply to everyone else. A couple of years ago in this house, the Member for Waterloo asked the Premier about a large number of MZOs that went to his friend Shakir Ramatoula who has received more MZOs than any other landowner. The Integrity Commissioner is now investigating whether MZOs are being improperly issued to favourite developers overruling responsible municipal planning. Will the Premier stop overruling critical wetland and farmland protections to benefit his friends? Mr. Mr. Speaker, what we will continue to do is provide MZOs when it helps move the province of Ontario forward. MZOs are long-term care. MZOs to build hospitals. MZOs to build supportive housing in the city of Toronto. No, will I stop issuing MZOs when it supports the priorities of the province of Ontario, when it helps people in the province of Ontario, when it helps job creation, when it gives people their first home? No, I won't stop doing that. Will I continue to issue MZOs when it means an old long-term care home can be torn down and replaced by a brand new one? No, Mr. Speaker, I'll continue to do that. They want to stand in the way of all of that. I won't, Mr. Speaker. In fact, some of their own members have asked me for MZOs in their own writing so that we can't long-term care homes so that we can get socialised housing in their homes. So I say to the member very clearly for the caucus members around you I will continue to issue it when it is in the best interest of the people of the province of Ontario. This Premier has issued at his daughter's wedding reception then the previous government issued in total during its 15 years in power. Interesting. Without building a single new home or business, an MZO increases the value of a property instantly by generating enormous speculative profits for the owner. The NDP looked at every MZO this government has issued more than 100 and in most cases we were able to find a personal, political or donor tie to the Premier or the PC party. Does the Premier finally understand why Ontarians have lost trust in this government? Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing. Mr. Speaker, let's put it into context. MZOs have created over 5,600 long-term care beds across the province of Ontario. MZOs have supported the building of over 117,000 socialised housing units across the province of Ontario. MZOs have helped us build brand new hospitals in the province of Ontario. MZOs have helped us build, create the conditions for over 152,000 new jobs in the province of Ontario. What you're hearing from the opposition is continued frustration that what we are doing is using the tools that we have to help build a stronger economy to help restore confidence in industries that had lost it. Look, this is a party that worked with the Liberals to drive out manufacturing, lost 300,000 manufacturing jobs. The Liberals of the NDP said that we should transition our economy to a service economy. What we're doing is building a better, stronger Ontario, $27 billion of an investment. Over 700,000 people have a dignity of a job and I'll do whatever I can along with this caucus to support that. Mr. Speaker. The next question, the member for Homa Manitoulin. Thank you, Speaker. My question is to the Minister of Natural Resources. The Espanola Domtar Mill is set to idle its operation starting next month for an indefinite period of time. The impending stoppage has caused a lot of concern and frustration for people across the town of Espanola, Manitoulin and the North Shore area. Arrangements have been made to help employees with the transition and to safely idle the mill's operation. However, there are still many unanswered questions about the fibre that has been unused and left at roadside. To the Minister, what is the government's plan to ensure that this fibre does not simply rot and go to waste? Mr. Natural Resources and Forestry. Thank you very much, Speaker. When we heard that the Domtar Mill was idling, we took action right away. Reaching out to community officials and having conversations with them about how this could affect them. Reaching out to the company to say how can we keep this conversation going and what can we do to facilitate the re-energization of this mill in the future. Mr. Speaker, we remain very concerned about the businesses that are attached to this mill. Not just the 450 jobs at the mill, but the secondary and tertiary companies that supply the mill and the forestry sector all through Ontario. We have taken action when we heard this news. We will continue to work with all parties involved to make sure we get the very, very best outcome not only for Espinola but for the entire forestry sector. We will continue to work with all these parties as closely as we can every single day. We have a fantastic forestry sector here in Ontario and we are extremely proud of it. We will continue to make sure that that forestry sector remains strong. Again to the minister, the operations of the North Shore Forest such as some of these contractors RJ Whelan Logging Darcy Alberta, H&R Fabry Industry Limited, Marvin Richie Trucking Limited, Ranger Logging Limited, Regencyer Logging Limited, and that's just to name a few who cut the fibre, deserve to know when they will get paid for the work they've already done. Stopping operations at the mill will be disruptive enough as without adding the extra burden of watching harvested timber right at roadside and worrying about the hundreds of potential job losses. Forestry is vital in the Algoma area and this minister needs to show leadership during this difficult time. Minister, who will pick up the bill for the unused fibre and how will these forestry companies become compensated for work that has already been done? Minister of natural resources and forestry. Thank you again, Speaker and thank you for the question. As I said in the original answer, we continue to work with all sectors of our forestry partners that are affected by the closure of this mill and that includes the operators that the member has spoken about. We continue to make investments in the forestry sector. Our 20 million dollar forestry and biomass program and unprecedented investment to drive the sector forward. Our forest investment and innovation program, 10 million dollars again to drive the industry forward. We want a strong industry so all the players in the industry have a chance to succeed and we continue to make those investments. We continue to work with everyone involved. Last week I actually joined the member on a call with members from Espinola and the community there to talk about what we can do to assist. So we're there, we're helping the forestry sector in Ontario continues to succeed. The next question, the member for Purlington. My question is for the Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry. The Minister recently provided an update on the measures that our government is implementing to strengthen our wild land fire preparedness levels. This year Ontario and Canada are the most challenging fire seasons in recent memory. That is why our government must not lose focus on the importance of keeping people and property safe. The people of Ontario are counting on our government to dedicate the resources that are necessary to ensure Ontario's fire rangers and communities are safe. Speaker, can the Minister please explain what actions our government is taking to improve and modernize how we fight wild land fires? Thank you. Thank you. As I was in the north last week talking with forestry companies about the previous question, I was also there to make a very important announcement. An announcement of 20.5 million dollars, further investment in helping us fight wild land fires in Ontario. An investment that looks to the future, Mr. Speaker, and recognizes that we may have some challenging fire seasons ahead of this year. We will continue to make investments to ensure that communities, people and infrastructure in Ontario remains safe. Again, 20.5 million dollars will help advance that. Response? Mr. Speaker, to the overnight infrastructure in Ontario remains safe, and again 20.5 million dollars will help to make investments to ensure that communities, people and infrastructure in Ontario remain safe. An announcement of 20.5 million dollars, further investment in helping us fight wild land fires in Ontario. An announcement of 20.5 million dollars, further investment in helping us fight wild land fires in Ontario. An announcement of 20.5 million dollars, further investment in helping us fight wild land fires in Ontario. Um, as a public sector, space facilities are competitive. Food, rubber, buy andㅠ we also and support the environment. Speaker, can the minister please explain how our government is strengthening Ontario's forestry sector? Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry. Thank you again, Mr. Speaker, and it's time to put on the party hats. It's the fifth anniversary of the forest sector strategy. Happy fifth anniversary of the forest sector strategy. It's doing great things here in Ontario to drive the sector forward. And just a few highlights from it. Ontario's building code to allow the increased use of wood in mid-rise buildings delivered over $60 million in forestry resource revenues to 41st nations and Métis communities and collaborated with Forest Ontario and the Ontario Forest Industries Association to promote career pathways in the forestry industry. And also, Speaker, as I mentioned, the $20 million, the historic $20 million investment in the forest biomass program and the streams within it, we had an application process until the end of September. It's all full up, Mr. Speaker, because in the forestry sector, is here in Ontario, we are driving the sector forward and it will prosper here in this province. Alright, alright. The next question, the number four, Hamilton Mountain. Thank you, Speaker. My question is for the current minister of children, community and social services. Speaker, it has been five years and this government has still only managed to have the same number of children enrolled to receive needs-based core autism services before they changed the program five years ago. Five years ago, there was 23,000 families waiting for these services. Now there are over 60,000. That's more than will fit into Rogers Stadium, Speaker. How is this better? Can the minister please tell us where the progress is? Mr. Children, community and social services. Thank you very much, Speaker, and I thank my colleague for the question. I'd be more than happy to tell her why I've done it many times and I'll do it again because the program wasn't working for the people of this province, Mr. Speaker. Mr. Speaker, 25% of the children and youth who were on the registry were receiving services before. Today, over 40,000 families are receiving support. That's why she supported that party, Mr. Speaker, supported a failed program under the previous government. The families told them that. We started from scratch. We worked with those with lived experience, experts, clinicians to put a program that was put together by the community for the community, Mr. Speaker. We went more than that. We doubled the funding to $600 million. And Mr. Speaker, we didn't stop there. This year, I know that we further increased the funding of the Ontario Autism Program by an additional 10% because, Mr. Speaker, we're doing what they couldn't do they couldn't do for the people of this world. Hundreds of autism families have not travelled across the province or been protesting on the front lawn for the past two days because they're happy with the progress of this minister. The last minister, the minister before that are the minister before that. No, they're here because they are desperate. They want and need answers. But more importantly, they want publicly funded, needs-based core therapy for their children before it's too late to make any difference in their children's lives. According to the reports based on a freedom of information, the minister's own transition binder says, quote, most children and youth will not receive core clinical services funding in the short to medium term, end of quote. So what does this minister have to say to the families who are here, who are left struggling without this province, and please, for the love of children not the same old talking points that we've been listening to for the last five years. Please take your seats. I thank my colleague for the question. I'd be more than happy to answer that. Again, Mr. Speaker, what we're doing is we've developed a program that was put together by the community, for the community. The programs that she won't list, Mr. Speaker, I will do for her. These are programs that families across the province are accessing every day as soon as they register on Access OIP. Foundational family services, caregiver, meet early years program, entry to school program, urgent response services, and Mr. Speaker, before they had access to one service. Today, there are multiple streams that they can access to every single family as soon as they register for Access OIP. Now, once again, Mr. Speaker, the opposition always, they'll come in here and they'll talk to you with their questions to represent, but Mr. Speaker, they held the balance of power. You've been here longer than any one of us. You know the process in parliament. They could have held the previous government to account and say, we will no longer support you if we do not double the Ontario Autism Program. Members for Hamilton Mountain will come to order. The Minister of Children, Community and Social Services will come to order. Start the clock. The next question, the Member for Thorin Hill. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. My question is for the Minister of Transportation. Toronto's population is growing rapidly, and as our city grows, transportation infrastructure also needs to expand. People need more convenient ways to connect to their jobs and family and other communities in the GTA. Unfortunately, the previous liberal government, supported by the NDP, failed to plan ahead for the transit needs of our communities. They left people on crowded subways and buses and stuck in traffic. That is why our government must continue to implement solutions that will improve transportation options for the people of the GTA and beyond. Speaker, can the Minister please provide us with an update on how our government is addressing the needs for more public transit? The Minister of Transportation. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. The member from Thorin Hill is absolutely correct. The previous liberal government refused to find solutions to gridlock or build any public transit. They sat by and did nothing, but thanks to the advocacy from Thorin Hill and other members in Toronto, we're not going to stick to the status quo. That's why we're building long overdue projects like the Ontario Line. Mr. Speaker, the Ontario Line will take 400,000 people off the road every single day. The Ontario Line will reduce crowding on the TTC and some of the busiest stations and keep people moving across this province. Unlike the previous liberal government in the 15 years, we're going to continue to invest in infrastructure that we need in this province. Thank you, Speaker, and I want to congratulate him on his leadership. Speaking of leadership, under the leadership of the Premier and this Minister, our government is making historic investments that sense a clear message that public transit infrastructure is a priority. The investments we're making today will have a lasting impact on future generations. However, the need for public transit is urgent and calls for greater action and investments are growing. The Toronto Regional Board of Trade recently stated and I quote, as the fastest growing metropolitan region in North America, the Toronto region urgently needs an expanded transportation network. Speaker, can the Minister please provide an update on that progress of the Ontario Line and what steps our government is taking to build a better transit faster? Thank you, Mr. Speaker. We continue to make very strong progress on our priority subway plans. Just recently I joined the Premier and the Minister of Infrastructure as we visited the future Ontario Line at Exhibition Place. Shovels are in the ground on early works and the full procurement of Ontario Line is nearly complete. There is no testimony to the unprecedented speed at which we are delivering this project. And Mr. Speaker, that wasn't by chance through the building transit fast track. We cut delays and unnecessary red tape. However, Mr. Speaker, the members opposite, both the opposition and the Liberal Party refused to support any measure to build transit faster. They voted to increase public transit investment in this province. They refused to vote for the building transit faster act in this province. Mr. Speaker, we are going to continue to focus our efforts on building Ontario and keeping this province moved. Thank you. The next question is for London Bansham. My question is for the Minister of Education and today is Early Childhood Educator Appreciation Day and the stakeholders and the ECEs are here but I have not been hearing that they are actually feeling valued. So for over a year we have been raising alarm bells that the workforce crisis threatens childcare in this province. Early childhood educators are leaving the field faster than they can be trained. Back in January, the Ministry held consultations on a childcare workforce strategy yet the sector is still waiting for the province's plan. Meanwhile, local childcare programs are forced to close rooms at a time when more parents are hoping to gain access to affordable childcare spaces. When will this government release their report and actually act on the recommendations in that report? The Minister of Education Thank you very much Mr. Speaker and I thank the member officer for the question. I first of all want to express gratitude to the ECEs of this province for working hard, giving back and really committing themselves during this pandemic when so much closed our childcare centres stayed open. We are grateful for them every day. Our government's commitment was to reduce fees increase spaces and lift wages and we are doing each and every one. When we started 2018 when Liberals and Democrats coalesced and fees increased by 400% making the false choice for so many families of their child being in care or a parent particularly women working in the economy. We've ended that by cutting childcare fees by 50% saving $8,000 to $12,000 for every single child in this province. With respect to the workforce whom we value we've increased wages by $1 per hour each year for the agreement to be signed by the federal government and we'll continue to go further to ensure we lift wages, retain these workers and create good value for them within our childcare sector. The Minister knows what the problem is the Ontario coalition for better childcare, the association of early childhood educators, experts and workers have told the government that a $10 a day childcare program is under threat because of low pay and poor working conditions with the average ECE in the field for just three years. The Minister's own summaries on the consultation showed the government was overwhelmingly told by variations to increase ECE pay. Ontario is one of the four provinces that still has not introduced a salary scale or a wage grid as part of the Canada early years, sorry, Canada wild. It is a wild season but it's Canada wild early years and childcare plan and the wage floor is the lowest in the country. The Minister promised ECEs a wage increase in June and it's later no word. Will the Minister commit today to a salary scale of at least $30 per hour for our ECEs $25 for non ECEs to get the program back on track and to get the parents the affordable childcare spots they need and deserve so parents can get back to work. Yes. Thank you. Let's not forget when new Democrats had the chance to vote for our budget which cut fees when you voted against it when you had the chance to support 86,000 additional spaces given the long wait list that were created under the former government you opposed it. When we created a $213 million start up grant to incent the sector to create spaces in underrepresented communities you voted against it. When we increased wages by $1 per hour every single year you voted against that. You were in no position to lecture any government. You enabled a public health care fees the most expensive in the Federation. This government is committed to cutting fees increasing wages and increasing spaces and we will take no lessons from the NDP. This is a question period this morning but I will remind members once again to please make their comments through the chair. Pursuant to Standing Order 36A the member for Hamilton Mountain has given notice of her dissatisfaction with the answer to her question given by the Minister of Children community and social services concerning autism services and this matter will be debated today following private members public business. There being no further business this morning. This House stands in recess until 3pm.


Okay. So, yes, I'm Paul. And I work in the deferral team, web deferral team at Google. But right now, my specific focus is on AMP. So I work with the AMP team on solving a lot of problems for the mobile web. Now, today's talk, and I said I don't have an intro slide, would have been a good idea, is not just about AMP but about AMP and PWA and how to combine it to work with both solutions. So first, why are we even building? Well, a couple of things. It's cross-platform, it's composable, it's indexed, out-of-versioned, easily deployed, secure, linkable, and really limitless, open for everyone to play. Some of the carriers that really make the web what it is and why I like it so much, still to this day. And before we jump into specific problems and solutions, what is the ideal user journey that we think the web should look like in 2016? So in this case, we have an example of a shop. And the first thing is you start with a search. Well, you find a search result. It's actually an AMP page. You click on a search result. Immediately, in an instant, it loads that search result page. Now you explore the category, you pick a favorite, and then going forward, you see, well, okay, it's unfortunately out of stock. However, there's a button to get a notification when it's in stock again. So you get notified when it's in stock. So then the application asks you for your permission to send you a push notification. And then finally, you stay up to date. Now going forward, at some point, you go on train, you lose the connection. But you continue exploring as it turns out, the app works completely offline, even though it's on the web. So even without exception, you get all the things you got before. Now at some point afterwards, a couple of days later maybe even, you get notified by the website, see, okay, my product is in stock again.  And also, you get signed in automatically because you signed in before. So there's no process of entering a password doing anything. So yeah, after that, one tap to pay, and I realized that this might not be a reality today in India, but we're working on it. So there are some complications in India.  So that to us is really the ideal user journey. Now, how we implement that journey is a completely different story. So why isn't everyone building this for the web? What are the problems that are holding us up? First, you got slow loading non-responsive content, especially, and that's kind of the bane of my existence, is the content shifting.  And of course, what's the solution to this? Well, no megabyte size images, no render blogging apps, no 100K lines of JavaScript, and now you probably all, well, duh, I mean, I'm not dumb, right? I'm a developer and I know what to do, and I actually believe you. You probably know what to do. However, your manager doesn't care, because your manager has a job to do, and he is desperate because he wants to make more money because his site doesn't make enough money. So he's going to force you to add that new beacon on new analytics library, because it measures things differently than the other analytics library, and you need both on the site. It's super, super important for some reason. So you give in even though you know there's a better solution. And unfortunately, it wouldn't be all so bad if it wasn't the web. If you were in a native environment, in a restricted programming environment, you could probably force the beacons or the analytics scripts or something to restrain themselves and not cause any havoc on the site. But on the web, it's like giving your key to a hundred different strangers. What could go wrong? So that's a real big problem. And turns out, and this is really, really new data that we published just a few days ago. The consideration is actually pretty bad. The current situation, and I think this is a worldwide step on what we've measured on DoubleClick, was that a mobile webpage makes 214 different requests. The average low time is 19 seconds. 50% of that is ad related. And 77% of mobile sites take longer than 10 seconds to load, which is really unfortunate. Now, on the other hand, you also got missing device capabilities. And this is kind of obvious. For a long time, you couldn't have payments on the web, which is why the ad model is so overused. And because there really wasn't, there never was a technology built into the web that could monetize differently. Paywalls had to be built afterwards. And there's a lot of different versions of them. And actual monetization with credit cards or with banking was never part of the web in the first place. So that one is kind of an obvious one. We just need some more capabilities to create re-engagement to do other things. So solution. Part one to the solution is AMP. At least we think it's a solution for the problem. Now, what does AMP do in a nutshell? It allows you to build really high performance web pages. And it gives you a rich catalog of web components, pre-built library components that you can embed into your site. And it's basically HTML. So it's not just a completely new standard. We didn't reinvent the wheel. We just added web components where they make sense. Now, you would say, probably, okay, why did we replace image with AMP image? I'm going to go to the reason very soon. There's a very good reason, believe me.  You might or might not create two versions of the same page. One is your full version of the page. And the other version is the AMP HTML page. They're linked with a canonical tag. And then they get cached. Because that's one of the biggest amazing features of AMP is that it's a container format. So it allows the publisher, it allows the integrated platform that loads the page to say, okay, I can actually load this page standalone. And there's probably no dependencies that will mess it up. So a cache on top of it can cache the entire page and then deliver it much quicker to any subpoena. For instance, in this case, Google or Twitter are pinches.  There's a strong ecosystem already. A lot of members are joining soon. Bing just joined. WordPress is supportive. Feedly now redirects traffic to AMP. Those are just one of the new ones. And the Google campus is that support AMP. Because I work at Google, I know some of this better than the other ones. So first of all, you get, this is what we started with. The top store is Carousel, where we integrate AMP. Rich cards and search, news and weather app. And soon, and this is kind of important. Blue links and search. Those are just the organic search results that you get in search. And if we find out that there's an AMP page equivalent of that page or the page itself is AMP, we will open it in a viewer almost instantly because it's preloaded. So AMP pages are really just web pages. It's HTML plus CSS. There's no one-off JavaScript. It's that custom elements and sandbox AMP iframes that contain, can contain everything. And then in addition to that, there's the AMP open source library, which I usually talk about, the JavaScript library. The same everywhere, of course. It's highly cacheable. There's just one version of it. So far at least. And it defines behaviors for custom elements, manages the rendering, manages the loading pipeline to optimize performance. I say, wait, okay, no JavaScript. Where's JS foo after all? That kind of makes me sad. So yes, we had to take some of the toys away in order to make pages really, really fast and get them into a controlled environment. So three sources of speed in AMP. One is the format. Second one is caching. The third is pre-rendering. So in the format, sure, you have an average mobile site. We just looked at the numbers and what that means. Of course, you can hand tune your site. And if you hand tune your site and you're the only one deciding what comes to that site, you can do a very good job. In fact, you can do a better job than AMP, most likely. And obviously, has a lot of the performance benefits embedded already. But it's a generic solution that can always be surpassed by doing something hand crafted. But the point here is that we can do this at scale. We can optimize a lot of pages at scale even if developers don't really know all of those techniques. And so you get a single HTTP request to fetch an entire document and then fonts, which is an exception. CSS is in line in AMP, a maximum of 50 kilobytes that we enforce in the validation process. There's only GPU-optimizable animations. Minimal-style recalculations because we control it everything. So AMP triggers only two style recalculations during a typical page load. And all scripts are asynchronous. So this is the main AMP library script. Instead of a synchronous load, you get an asynchronous load. And this is one of the most important things that most people don't know about or discount is the static layout engine that we've built. So each element has a static proportion. So even before, here we go, yes, so even before we know about what the assets are actually are, even before we get the images and the videos and everything else, we don't have a situation where extended component downloads block page layout or assets block page layout. So in this case, just going back quickly, we can lay out the entire page without knowing any of the assets because the sizes are all constrained. So third-party JavaScript is only allowed in Sandbox for iframes. So you can still use iframes to do whatever you want to, but they get deprioritized, so the content gets prioritized all the time. So how does the resource prioritization look like? Well, we optimize the resources in the viewport and we can only do that because we can statically layout the page as soon as we have a document, even without any assets. This is why the pre-rendering works so well, because we can pre-render the viewports and not just the whole pages. Now, second one is caching. And again, caching works because the AMP format is validated and it's very clear that probably nothing bad will happen if you load an AMP page. Now, the AMP cache that we offer is built on Google infrastructure, so it uses all the edge servers that Google has. It's free, which is a nice benefit and it's used by Google and a lot of other properties, but we are opening up the deck of how to build an AMP cache to other companies, so it's very possible that we'll see other companies do the same. And speed source number three is pre-rendering. So pre-rendering really can make loading instant. Again, we pre-render just above the fold and that's why clicking on an AMP page feels so quick, because we pre-load not just the one page, we pre-load a couple of pages that we think you could click, because it's so cheap to pre-load them. So free source of speed, format, caching, and pre-rendering. Now, we solved the first problem. We now don't have slow loading coming anymore. It's very responsive and the counter doesn't shift anymore because of the static layout engine, but we haven't solved the device capabilities problem. For the device capabilities problem, we go to part two. And in this case, if you look at a native in comparison to web access, you have, on one hand, capability, and you have on the other hand, reach. So the web is actually extremely good at reach, as you all know. Native is very good at capability, naturally, because they don't have to standardize anything. They can operate on a much faster scale and are much closer to the actual hardware. However, what we wanted to achieve when we started building progressive web apps, or created a term, progressive web apps, is sort of a hybrid that gets us from the reach to extended capabilities as well. So how do we get there? The first reliability, super important. Slides need to be reliable at all times. Portion notifications, home screen access, and very new simple sign in and one type check out. So offline, right, no one likes that one. So bad offline or source. When you're going to use this home screen, there's really no excuse to show that dinosaur. So you really should always be available. What we do for that is service worker. So service worker is a sort of a proxy that is almost like a web server on the client. And that intercepts requests if you want it to. And can cache any kind of assets that you give it to. Much more flexible than app cache has ever been. And allows you to do to go completely offline and actually pre-cache stuff like an application cell. So not only does it offer you basic offline capability, but you can cache the shell of an application almost like all native apps do. And then the shell loads instantly on repeat visits. Dynamic content gets them pulled in to shell. Then we have push notifications. They are built on service workers. So you get a push subscription end point and the service worker reacts on push and shows an application. Here we go. And finally, you got a notification on the actual device. How does it work? You get set up and you check if the user is subscribed. You wait until a good time. You ask the user to subscribe. You send the subscription. You save the subscription. And if you want to send a message, you generate a message. Send to end point. Send to browser. And then the browser receives it. If you receive messages, I push a rise from somewhere in the service worker. The service worker boots up if it's not running anymore on the device. And then messages are handled. And the notification is shown. So the key here, going one back, the key here is that notifications can happen even without the browser window open like with any other native app because the service worker can keep running in the background. Now, home screen access. This again is super important if you want to engage with the users. The home screen access you can do by using a web manifest. I'm going to show you a quick example of how it looks like later. But basically you get a prompt. You can add it to home screen. And that's much easier than before where you have to go into the Chrome settings or other browser settings and find the menu entry first to add it to the home screen. So what are the latest prompts we're solving? We're first signing in as a huge pain point for users. 54% of users were quit before doing yet another sign up. And 92% of users would give up if they don't remember username or password. So that's why we built the credential manager API. And that one allows you to save the info for easy access later. And first time users get prompt to save that into smart log. And then returning users can actually be signed in automatically without having to ever type a password or even see the login form in the best case. And then the next problem is a checkout problem. If you have too many steps on mobile, fill out forms to enter credit card details, et cetera, it's really bad conversion. So how do we fix this problem? Payment request API. I already talked about it briefly. But essentially, you get a, in the best case, a one click scenario of enabling payments on phones and on the web hopefully as well. So which to choose? You want to do AMP? You want to go really fast? Well, that works for many companies like the Washington Post. They get a better user experience with AMP. The load times increased dramatically over 88% improvement. And the reader loyalty and retention improves as well, which is really interesting. So AMP works really well for the Washington Post. On the other hand, housing.com, where we have two talks tomorrow, which I'm going to check out and I'm really looking forward to, reported that with a PWA, they got a 38 increase in conversions and 30% increase in page load performance. So yeah, on the one hand, you get instant delivery, optimized discovery, and unfortunately no user scripts. And almost only static content. It's really optimized for static content. But then on the other hand, you got progressive web apps and they give you installability, app-like features. However, they're slower to deliver, especially on the first load, and they're not easily embedded. So you can't build a viewing experience in a platform as easily. So instant first load or native like app? Well, I say both. Why not both? So how do we go from AMP to progressive web app? Well, level one is to start with an AMP experience because you really want to get content to use this instantly. And that's ideally the most important thing for you. Because if that's not happening, well, you can give up immediately. So you want to get an instant first impression to the user. Well, you have a lot of text to try out to do that. Now, first of all, you need to determine if you want to do just one AMP page or if you want to do a paired approach, where you have the full site or another site. You can then validate the page. If you inserted some components and not sure if you did it the right way, you validate that page. Now, the validation also is done by the AMP cache. So chances are, if your pages don't validate, they will never appear on any of the third-party platforms that support AMP. Now, this is a feature, not a bug. The feature being that we can be really sure that AMP pages are all conformant and fast and doesn't do anything bad. So you can do it right in Chrome DevTools if you want to. You can use the web interface on Validator.ampproject.org or you can even use a browser extension. And if you're hardcore enough, you can do it on the comment line and optimize it for a lot of pages. So how about AMP for desktop? Well, I think we did kind of a mistake, to be honest, when we named AMP Accelerated Mobile Pages because the mobile in it really doesn't mean anything. I mean, it means that you would probably get the best benefit on mobile because you have high latency situations, et cetera. But you can absolutely use it for desktop and, in my opinion, you should. There's no reason why not. You can build responsive design all the way. So in this case, you can, for instance, use a layout property in AMP to, and this works on any AMP components to set the size to fix responsive, fix tight or fill. And responsive is really nice because it has a fixed aspect ratio but resizes to its parent with something that not trivial to do in CSS and requires some hacks. And then you can use SOSat in every browser and even browsers that don't support them because we probably fit it. So you can do really nice art direction and use different images for different browsers in different environments. Finally, Element Media Crease is another very interesting idea where instead of doing a CSS style sheet Media Crease to disable things, you can do it on a per component basis, on a per element basis. You can say, only show this element in a certain restricted environment, on a certain resolution. So you can easily switch on and off elements on the slide. So let's get working. So what we want, okay, first of all, this is the AMP homepage. And I have the sidebar here. And the sidebar has a language picket. So, and then if you click on those things, you get sort of a accordion effect. So this is what I wanted to build. AMP sidebar to the rescue. I found the component by searching for docs. Sidebar does exactly that. It's a sidebar. The cool thing is that we have an event model that allows you, even without JavaScript, to say, if you click that button, open that sidebar.  Sidebar works on mobile. And what about the drop-down? Well, there's no AMP drop-down. So what do we do? Well, there's AMP accordion. But I don't really want to build an accordion, do I? Well, if I look at AMP accordion on ampbyexample.com, which is a nice site that one of our team members built, you can see that, sure, you can make it style like an accordion. But in fact, you can be a little bit hacky and also slide it differently and just have one entry. And basically, it kind of looks like a drop-down. And if I change the markup and actually give it a height, a fixed height, and no overflow, I can make it behave exactly like a drop-down. And that's what I did. So now you get the drop-down. And really, it's just an accordion. Sometimes you have to be creative to work around something. And of course, sometimes also makes sense to add a new component. If you discover something that really doesn't work, then we should add a new component. So this is great. But how about this menu? On my own website, which is completely AMP, I wanted a menu that looks completely different. So what I did here is I went a little bit crazy, and I created a label, which is the hamburger icon. And then I created an input with a type checkbox that is hidden and controlled by the label. So if I click the label, the checkbox toggles. And the element right next to it is the menu. So in CSS, I then have an adjacent selector to toggle the menu based on the actual checkbox. And this works pretty nicely without doing any JavaScript. So you can toggle it by clicking. Optimizations will only include the AMP scripts needed for the pages tags, if you can.  And only load the CSS you need for a given page. And again, if you can, I have to say I was lazy so far on the AMP page itself. I actually don't do this. And I use the same CSS over and over. This is not good practice. So make sure that you try that. Those are just a few examples of how to work with AMP, but more can be found on ampbyexample.com. Now, level two. Now we have a pretty decent AMP page, probably. Level two is Accelerate Subsequent Loads with Service Worker. And yes, you can use Service Worker on an AMP page. So the first way to do it is to use a library like SW Precache, which is the easiest way to do it without Service Worker and without Service Worker experience. So SW Precache, you scan directories, cache all files you find, cache files within the URL pattern. This is to cache the actual AMP project library. And then you remove a directory string. And that basically is all you have to do to generate a working Service Worker that caches all of those resources and makes them available offline. Now on the AMP side of things, in general, you have to use JavaScript to install the Service Worker. But in AMP, we have a tag called amp-install-service-worker. And you can then load and actually fetch that Service Worker on the AMP page without using any user-authored JavaScript. Now, the cool thing about this, that this even works in a cache scenario. In the cache scenario, you're not on your own origin. And yet, we will establish an iframe and fetch the Service Worker and initialize as a Service Worker on your own origin. It means that if you click the second time to another page from that cached version of the page that you see on a property like Google, you already go to the Service Worker one. So the other thing is that in some cases, we wait a while until we install the Service Worker. This is just a gotcha. Because we don't want accidental Service Worker installs. Now, if we take a look at this, we can see, OK, Service Worker installed. And everything got cached. All right. And now, we can go offline. And it will work. So click Offline Box, Reload, and the page is there, except the YouTube video, of course, because that one, we can't really cache offline. Everything else works. So that's just one solution without any action on our part, without any JavaScript. But we are JavaScript engineers, so let's get real. So if you want to do it without a library, you install the Service Worker in the Service Worker file. This is the install part. I like skip waiting because it says, don't wait until the old Service Worker doesn't run anymore. I want to update immediately. And then I open my cache and a couple of resources that I need for sure. I would put more in there, of course. This is just an example. But you cache everything that no, you need in any moment if you want to go offline. And then you activate the Service Worker. This again has a step that says, OK, even though I might be completely new and the page has already an older version of the Service Worker, claim all clients currently connected to the Service Worker immediately. And number three, intercept requests. So we do that by adding a fetch event. That says, every time a resource is fetched, do something. Now in this case, we say, OK, respond with something else than the actual normal browser fetch. So as soon as we call this line, you have to deliver something or nothing will appear. In this case, we open our cache. We see there's a cached version of the page. So we match the request. Then look at the response. And we will fetch the promise. We have a fetch promise in here that we're using just a bit. And down here, we return directly if we have the data and the cache, or we use the fetch promise. And the fetch promise fetches a new network version of the same page in any case. So it does that anyway. And that means that we will serve the current version all the time, and then get the next version in the background, and then on the subsequent load, get the updated version. So this is a very basic example how to do an offline strategy with service worker and cached pages. And of course, this doesn't only mean you need this for offline, but it also means that it will dramatically speed up every subsequent click. Now level three, and this whole example will become important in the next level, level three is add a web manifest to trigger add to home screen banner. So we talked about web manifest before. Again, all you do is, again in the AMP page if you want to, add the manifest. The manifest has a couple of properties. The most important one's being display, which hides the browser bar, the browser L bar, theme color, background color, and especially the icons are very, very important. Otherwise, if you don't have icons at a certain size, I think 144, then the add to home screen banner will never trigger. So you need that. And the cool thing is that you can inspect it in DevTools. If you open DevTools and go to the application panel and click on manifest, you see what the browser thinks your manifest looks like. So you can inspect any errors on fly. So add to home screen action, in this case with flip cart. Again, how does it look like? You get the prompt, the add to home screen. It's added to your home screen. And if you launch it, you get a nice preloader and jump right in. So what's cool about this is that you just build a PWA. Even though you are still an AMP, and this was still an AMP page, you just build a complete PWA without writing any JavaScript in the client. And I think that's pretty cool. So we have the first step solved. We have a very fast first experience. And we have an experience that offline and can be installed to the browser. But now it gets interesting. Level four is enhancing your AMP with the service worker. So in here, it's important to say that the cache that you can store stuff in isn't unlimited. So AMP forces inlining of CSS, as I just showed you. And a typical page head on AMP.org is about 43 kilobyte, which is significant. Because if it's 100 docs, which is approximately the amount of pages that we currently have on the AMP project or site, it's about 4.3 megabytes of additional clutter that I cache with every request I cache, with every document I cache. So this would be a very common issue. But what if we could only cache the body and merge with the head on request in the service worker? And we do write exactly that. So we create a new template called docs blank. This is just the head with the actual CSS in there. In the service worker, we write a function that is called get template. It fetches the actual template from the cache. It gets a text response, because we need it later on. And stores it in a variable if it's already done that once. Now in the fetch request that we saw earlier, we expanded a little. So in the fetch request, what you do now is I grade out the lines that we already did before. What you do now is you clone a network response, because then we can manipulate it further. If it's a document, we get the text from the network response, which is the body of the page. And then we match just the body. And you should never do this at home. Please don't use regex for this. It's bad. Ideally use HTML comment or something to do this. But we match the body. We then save the filter response, so the actual body portion of that page, in the cache instead. And by constructing a new response, putting in the cache else, if it's not the argument, we put in the cache directly. And finally, this is very similar to what we did before. If there's a response already, then we see the document. We then create a complete response, otherwise deliver the already existing response if we don't have a cached one, and otherwise go into the fetch promise. So how do we stitch it back together in the create complete response function? We get the template, which is just the text, the part of the page that has all the CSS, and we get the body and stitch it back together and respond to the browser. And this is what happens. By having the exact same result for the client, we get a previous cache size and new cache size that is much, much smaller than before, which is a nice optimization to do. So again, we did something on the AMP page without actually doing any user author JavaScript in the client that helps us dramatically. But now I want to go one step further. I feel kind of nostalgic. So I think one of the saddest parts of my page is that I can't use any of the 90s JavaScript that I love. So I went to this page called Rainbow Arc Scripts. And I found this amazing mouse cursor that I think would be very helpful for all of my AMP pages. And I just can't have it in AMP. And I know why. I should probably file a bug request. So what can we do? Well, I just showed you this, where we stitch together template and the other one. Well, no JavaScript. OK, what do I do? Well, how about I get some random stuff in between those two files, random stuff that AMP doesn't like? How about that? Well, let's do exactly that. What happens? Here we go. We get a funny, animating background. We get our amazing clock, which is our mouse cursor. And we still have an AMP page. And it still uses the AMP library. So we now hijacked our own page and inserted JavaScript into it and done whatever we want to. And the crazy part about this is that usually you would think, well, the AMP cache will complain about it. And well, no, my AMP's will not appear on Google. And yes, whatever I done, that's really bad. However, the cool thing here is that the AMP cache doesn't know about your service worker. So the Google AMP cache will see the normal AMP page and will cache it just regularly and think it's valid. But then consumers will see the AMP page on first click and the extended AMP page on subsequent clicks. So you can easily amend your page with whatever you need, whatever you want on your page and whatever you think is right for your users, going forward after the first click. And now this is where level five becomes extremely important. And level five is kind of alpha. It's the boss level, I would say. And it's completely rerouting the AMP and the actual URL that the user went to, to an app-like experience, to a progressive web app. So how would this look like? In the case of one in post, for instance, they lead you to an AMP page, but then they use AMP and source service worker, and then they reroute every subsequent click directly to a PWA, but then loads that page you clicked on in a viewer. So they do that in a separate URL space. It's not exactly what I'm envisioning, but it is a very fair technique. There's a couple of techniques that work with that concept. But what I'm saying is, and this is kind of what we're thinking, is the service worker hijacks all navigation. The service worker then serves a PWA shell. The PWA shell initializes a shadow DOM-based AMP viewer, and the originally requested AMP document is fetched via XHR, and then subsequent navigation uses history, push state, and XHR to navigate within the AMP viewer only. That still means you only have one URL, one URL space, and it's really much less complexly that you would have in a other scenario where you have to implement everything again, because you already have your AMP pages. You have all your leaf nodes, all your documents are already there, are already nicely styled. So instead of using JSON and then reconstructing everything complicatedly in the PWA, you can use that technique and embed it in the viewer and strip out the head automatically in the service worker. So I don't have a very fancy demo for you yet on the AMP viewer approach. We're still actively working on it, but there is a demo. And if you want to check it out, in the AMP project source code itself in mHML, there's an example called PWA that does precisely this, that initializes an AMP viewer with shadow DOM. And one of the cool ideas that we had recently is, because we've got the question, what happens on platform steps don't support service worker yet? They will always get to see the AMP page in the scenario. Well, one of our ideas is to then have the AMP library detect that a client doesn't support service worker and then rewrite all the URLs on the page dynamically to an URL space that you define as a fallback. That's another solution to always get to the PWA in any case. So a few. There's a lot of stuff, five steps to get from AMP to PWA. If you want to learn more, and I hope you do, go to mproject.org slash docs and you see my face again and a lot of other good stuff. And then go to developers.google.com slash web to learn about general web techniques and also what we do with progressive web apps. And this is a really, really cool course by my buddy Jake, who is also part of my team. And he created this offline web applications course that helps you to really find out how service worker works in detail. I mean, I skimmed over it, but this is actually very helpful. And finally, YouTube. We do a lot of stuff there. There's a new series coming up soon about AMP. And we also have a Slack where you can always ask us questions, but of course, you can ask me questions here. And finally, some Twitter accounts. And that's it. Thank you, playing judge. And I think we have about four minutes if anyone has questions. So are you suggesting that the first point, load performance can be moved from a service and an app to an AMP project-based implementation? And the rest is always PWA-based thing? So are you suggesting that instead of going for a serotonin approach, go for an AMP approach for the first load performance? Yes. Yeah, that would be my recommendation. Because you will never get the same speed with a PWA. And the reason is not that the PWA, theoretically, cannot have the same techniques. I mean, it could also be a small and using the same characteristics. The reason is that it doesn't have the same static layouting system out of the box. So the platform that embeds AMP is not able to preload the first viewport. And another thing is with a serotonin approach, the limitation you told is that the service is only at one place. But with AMP, you have a distributed network of cache, like a CDM. So is that the only advantage, or do you have any more advantages than that? I'm not sure I understand the question. So if I go to a serotonin approach without using AMP, still my content is coming, the first load of a website content is coming from one server situated in one part of the world. But with AMP, I'm getting a distributed cache. It's like a CDN effect for my original web content. So this is one very big advantage that I get with AMP. So are there any more things that I get with AMP? Yeah, I think so. I think that's a good advantage. I mean, if I understand your question correctly, the fact that you're going into the AMP cache on the first request gives you a lot less load balancing to do on your server. So it's a lot of traffic you save. And you can still use analytics to track those clicks if you want to. Hi. So actually, here on the back. Oh, over there, yes. Yeah. So initially, you said that the pre-render is based on user behavior that you have earlier, right? Like whatever your pre-render is actually based on what the user actually clicks, you have some behavioral patterns for that, right? What amount of the page is actually pre-rendered? Like say, if I have in the navigation, I have 10 different tabs which actually load 10 different pages altogether, like a e-commerce website. How much of it will I pre-render if I don't have the user-behavioral pattern or something like that? So the pre-rendering only refers to the current leaf page. So by pre-rendering, I mean that not many. So it's only the current page that gets pre-rendered. So what it means is, let's say you do a Google search for something like flower. And OK, that's not really a good news term, but I don't know, Obama, right? And then you get 10 different AMP pages as recommendations to click on. Then in most cases, it would be not really doable to pre-render and pre-cache all of those 10 pages that are coming from different origins. But because of AMP can cache just the first viewport, it does that. So it doesn't cache subsequent navigation. If that makes sense, it only caches the first navigation. Hey, Paul, I'm here. Great talk back there. I have a few questions actually. Like you said, as far as I understand, like service worker caches the pages hasn't been visited, right? So if I'm about to create an application which has things which are loading all the time, like automatic feeds or news sites or blog feed, for example. So how is PWA really useful in that situation? How is PWA useful in that situation? Because caching will not help in that, right? Well, I mean sure, you mean if you have a very interactive page that requires a lot of interactive data, is that the question? Well, the service worker is still very effective if you use it the right way because you can cache the entire app shell. So every UI element of the page you can cache. Of course, you can't cache the data, but at least you can improve the perceived performance of the loading experience much, much better. Because on most native apps, you see, some of them are actually even slower than web apps, but you see the actual layout of the user experience immediately and then content dribbles in. This is not really improving the time it takes to get the data on screen, right? However, it will feel much faster. OK. And one more thing, is there any specific change that we have to do in the UI architecture for rendering this or normal the way we do this? Sorry, what's special? For using the service workers or PWA, like do we have to bring in any new architectural changes in our application? No, I mean the only requirement is HTTPS. OK. So your page has to be in HTTPS. Again, you said something about the smart locks, right? Like that saves the username and password of the user as in when he typed in. So you understand what I'm saying? So smart lock. Yeah, smart lock is a Google feature that is basically a password manager. And it works in combination with the credential manager. So the credential manager can also work on its own. So in Mozilla, for instance, they would use a different password manager. But yeah, it's built on top of that. So I wanted to ask that, like all the websites from which people visit links, Google, Facebook, and Twitter are three of them. So Google has started with AMP. And then later on, Twitter and Facebook has also added the instant article standard. So isn't this breaking down the standards a lot of the web? Because if you are a website like Washington Post, you want it to be instantly available on Facebook as well, on Google as well. That means you have to write a lot of custom tags, which are not an HTML standard or anything. Yeah, so a good question. I think the, I'm running out of time, but I'm going to answer this quickly. I think the answer here is that those on the public site they're very similar, so different endpoints. So usually if you want to generate for all of those endpoints, you have a CMS that will export for multiple endpoints. However, the approaches are very different. One is living and hosted in a relatively closed ecosystem. And the other one is really just a JavaScript library and a validation system that is very open web-friendly, in our opinion, and can be embedded anywhere on the web. It's really just web pages with a little bit special magic on top. So our hope is that AMP will just be used as a library going forward and hopefully work. So for instance, in my blog, there's no two versions of the page. Because I don't need any JavaScript on the page. It's a blog. So I just use AMP as a library, and that's it. So it's all using AMP. With infant articles, I couldn't do that. So yeah, that's my take on it. Hi. So I want to ask about the service worker notifications. So in service worker, we have been using service worker notification for almost six, seven months now. There is this certain problem we have been facing and we couldn't find the solution. In service worker notification, there is a callback that you register on push. So in that callback, I get only subscription ID of the user, correct? And based on that, I make an API call to fetch the data from my server. Basic notification system, that's how it works. Now imagine my website hosts two kinds of products. Let's say we sell hotels and we sell flights. A person came to my website and registered a notification. And let's say he registered the notification from the flights product page. Now I want to, because I have a subscription ID in my server, I would want to send a hotel-based notification also. But I cannot context switch it because I only have one parameter, that is subscription ID. So is there a worker on to it? Maybe I can register two service workers to my website at the same time. Maybe, let's go. I don't know the specifics of the push notification site. However, people are working on a way to add multiple service workers on the page. Yes. So this is coming. We'll be able to add multiple service workers to a page. One of the interesting techniques here is foreign fetch, which you can Google. It's called foreign fetch. It allows you to have a service worker that controls other pages that are not his own. And there are also ways to install two service workers on the same page, as I believe, going forward. So I sadly don't have a perfect answer for you, as I don't know the specifics of push notifications. But yeah, I hope it works. All right. Thanks again. And come meet me afterwards.