There are several ways of classifying languages, phonologically, on the basis of several segmental and suprasegmental parameters, or structurally, on the basis of the internal structure of their words. The syntactic classification, which is the focus of this e-lecture, defines languages on the basis of their word order and the relationship between heads and modifiers. How this is done and what types of languages can be identified using this parameter will be discussed in the following, but what exactly is word order? Well, let's illustrate this on the basis of a simple declarative sentence in present-day English. In this example, the order of the words would be adverb, determiner, adjective, noun, verb, pronoun, determiner and noun. So this is the order of the words. However, in looking at each category, too many possibilities would emerge and too few generalizations across languages could be made. Thus, word order is not defined as the ordering of the words within a sentence, but as the ordering of the functional elements within a sentence. Now, these functional elements here, of course, are adverbial, subject, verb, object and complement. Few of these functions, however, are not representative for the classification of the languages of the world. The adverbial, for example, is often mobile. We could say my old friend called me a fool yesterday and mobility, of course, is not a good parameter for a classification in terms of ordering. And the object complement here, a fool, is by and large dependent on specific verbs. And by the way, there is also a subject complement. Hence, these two functional elements are normally excluded from the typological classification of the languages of the world and we get, as a result, the three central syntactic functions subject, verb and object as the main parameters for the typological classification of the languages of the world in terms of syntax. Now, this provides us with six theoretically possible word order patterns. For example, we could think of languages that exhibit the subject, verb, object order or languages that use a subject, object, verb ordering pattern or languages that use the verb, subject, object pattern. So, these are three possibilities. Further possibilities could be a verb, object, subject pattern. Then we could think of languages that use the object in the first position, then the subject comes second and the verb is final or the other way around, object, verb, subject structures. So, these are the theoretically possible patterns and it is quite interesting that the majority of the languages of the world uses this pattern where the subject in each of these cases precedes the object. Patterns where the subject follows the object are marginal. So, it is the first three ordering types that constitute a parameter for the classification of the languages of the world. Let's illustrate this using actual examples. Now we all know that English is a language which exhibits the SVO word order. Turkish is an example of an S-O-V language and the Arabic language is here illustrated by the Saudi Arabian flag, our language is where the verb comes first. So, these are our three main types. All other types are marginal. For example, VOS is exhibited by a language called Malagasy, spoken in Madagascar. And even less representative is OVS, spoken in Brazil. The language is called Hiscariana and it only has a handful of native speakers. And an OSV order is often associated with the language spoken in the Caucasian area. The language is called Kabadian, but it is highly disputed whether the word order is really OSV. So, these are the main patterns and we know that SVO, S-O-V, VSO are the constitute the majority of the languages of the world. But how do we establish the basic word order of a language? How do we find out whether a language is SVO, S-O-V, etc.? Well let's illustrate this using present day English. In present day English declarative sentences and these are the sentence types we are using, the following word order types can be found or not. Well we know that English typically has SVO patterns, a sentence like the man saw the woman. What about S-O-V? Well S-O-V is impossible in present day English. You wouldn't find an example that exhibits this word order pattern. S-O-V, the third of the majority types is possible in present day English. Never has the man seen the woman. However, as you may note, there is an adverbial that is fronted. So we have never the adverbial, then has the inflicted component of the verb, the man, the subject and the woman, the object. However, this construction is restricted in many ways. The adverbial has to be negative. Never has the man seen the woman works, but very often has the man seen the woman does not. The next ordering pattern would be the VOS order. Never has the woman seen the man superficially looks fine, however, if you remember the woman is now the object and we can illustrate this by replacing them the object with a pronoun with a case mark pronoun and then you can clearly see that never has her seen he is totally impossible. Now the fifth ordering pattern OS-V is normally not used in present day English. The woman, the man saw, however, there are cases of object fronting where the subject is case marked, the subject has to be a pronoun. So something like the woman he saw is possible, but as you see the subject is now a pronoun which is case marked. And finally, the OVS word order is impossible. Again, you would first of all see, oh, the woman saw the man is possible, but however, this would be an SVO example. But with the woman as the object, it is of course impossible. As you can see, if you replace it by a pronoun, her saw he is clearly impossible. Now what do we do with these findings? Well, we could say that in present day English declarative sentences, the overwhelming majority of the sentences exhibits the SVO word order, that is the first type. Thus present day English is an SVO language. And this can easily be supported by the analysis of English text corpora. However, as we will see later, we have to be careful here. Now over and above the basic word order patterns, there are a number of so-called head modifier constructions whose internal ordering is highly revealing with regard to the basic configuration of a language. The typologist Joseph Greenberg found out in the middle of the 20th century that there are typical correlations between the order of the basic functional elements like subject verb object and these head modifier patterns. So let's look at such head modifier relationships in more detail. Now of course, if you look at them, you have two possibilities. The head can precede the modifier or the modifier can precede the head. Now here are some examples. Probably the most well-known head modifier construction is the verb object construction. Since verbs determine the choice and depending on the language, the case of their objects, they constitute the heads in such constructions and their objects are the modifiers. Well, here are two examples whereas in present day English, the verb always precedes the object. So you could say something like to eat rice is one of my goals today. In Japanese, the object that is the modifier precedes its head. Kome o tabe. Here is another example. The relationship between nouns and adjectives. Nouns determine the choice, maybe the gender and the case of their adjectives. So nouns are clearly the heads in such constructions and adjectives, the modifiers. Now let's look at English. Well, here the situation is a little bit difficult. We have exceptional constructions where the head precedes the modifier as in the president elect. However, you would agree with me that the majority of constructions of this type have the adjective, that is the modifier in the first position, that is a modifier head construction. In Japanese, the situation is clear. Okinawan, the big book, is clearly organized as a modifier head pattern. So in English here, this is slightly problematic. Another well-known head modifier pattern concerns ad positions. But what are ad positions? Well, ad positions, well the term ad position is a head term for, on the one hand, prepositions, where the ad position precedes its noun phrase, or post positions where the ad position follows its noun phrase. Now obviously, the ad position is always the head of such constructions because again, depending on the language, it determines the choice and maybe the case of the noun phrase that has to follow. So ad positions are heads. Well and how is this organized in English and Japanese? Well in English clearly we have prepositions only in the book. So the preposition, the ad positional type precedes its modifier and in Japanese it's the other way around, hongo nakani, where the noun phrase, the modifier precedes its head so we have post positions in Japanese. Now the typologist, Joseph Greenberg, as I already mentioned, found out that there are typical correlations between the basic word order, S-V-O-S-O-V-V-S-O, etc. And these head modifier patterns. For example, he found out by investigating a large number of languages that S-O-V languages typically have modifier head patterns. So these are the patterns that are used in S-O-V languages. Whereas languages where either the verb precedes is at the beginning of a sentence or languages like S-V-O typically have head modifier patterns. So these are then the ideal correlations between the basic word order and the organization of heads and modifiers. Well let's look at the languages that we are interested in. Here is English. Now English is clearly a head modifier language. The verb precedes its object. English has prepositions. The adjectival parameter is a little bit problematic. We have modifier head constructions in things like the big book, but we also have adjectival constructions where the adjective follows the noun as in the president elect. But the majority of the ordering patterns is head modifier. Now the other way around, Japanese is an example. In Japanese we have modifier head patterns very clearly. So Japanese would be then an S-O-V language whereas English is almost exclusively S-V-O. Sometimes there are languages that represent both. For example in German we find both patterns. Verb constructions in subordinate clauses and verb object constructions in main clauses. We have adjectives that precede their heads, but we also have prepositions and post positions in constructions like in dem Buch we have a preposition and meiner Meinung nach we have a post position. So German is obviously a mixed type language. Another language which is a little bit peculiar is Persian. Now Persian has a strict S-O-V order, but prepositions. So despite the formal clarity of basic word order patterns and head modifier ordering languages are often not that well organized and are open to exceptions. Well and there are further problems. In specific texts, whether spoken or written, we may find that the basic word order of a language is much less clear than elsewhere. Suppose you had to work out the basic word order of present day English on the basis of this text. What would it be? Well this text of course is part of a famous song so let's listen first. Okay here we go. A wonderful song I think, well but let's now concentrate on linguistics again. So I suggest you stop the e-lecture here and try an analysis, a functional analysis in terms of subject, verb, object, adverbial and complement. So are you ready? Here are the results. Now in the first sentence we clearly have an S-V-O structure. The verb reaching however is non-finite but that's the freedom of the writer of the lyrics. Night's in white, set in, never reached or reaching the end. Then we have an object, fronted structure, letters with an internal relative clause. Never meaning to send and there's no subject. So an object verb structure. Beauty I'd always missed is clearly object fronting. The object beauty precedes the subject I and then we have the verb and some adverbials and the final line what the truth is is clearly the object. It is an object clause, I is the subject and can't say the verb so here are the ordering patterns. Well what do these patterns suggest? Is English then a modifier head structure language where the object precedes the verb? Well probably not. But what I wanted to illustrate with this is that we have to be very careful with the choice of data if we want to establish the basic word order of a language. Now let's summarize. The syntactic classification of languages is mainly based on the sequence of the functional elements of clause structure in declarative sentences. That is on the basis of subject, verb and object. Since most languages under certain circumstances may deviate from their basic word orders and allow alternatives for example object fronting in present day English, additional ordering patterns may provide further information. The illustration and exemplification of the way languages arrange their central functional elements has been the goal of this e-lecture. I hope I could help you a little bit on that.


course this week and I'm about to test out the TaylorMade high-toe wedge, really interesting one for me when this came through from TaylorMade, 64 degree wedge a wedge a loft that I have never ever played before and I must admit on first glance I just thought it was too lofted, how am I going to manage with this, I couldn't really see how it would be a club that you consider gaming, simply because it seemed like a luxury, obviously for flop shots perfect but then you have to drop a club out of the bag just to get this sort of almost specialist club into the bag and that was my consideration. Having played with it for a couple of rounds my mind has changed, I'm going to show you why in this video but first of all I'm going to throw in what is a full shot at least according to dry ball data over at Fogol because I've got some of that I'll throw later and so 64 degree loft was suggesting maximum was in and around the sort of 80 yards as a full shot, lovely little shot here and watered down the right let's see if we can get a couple on the green. Interesting thing I mean it's the wind is into us and it's not the kind of shot you choose to play quite honestly with a wedge into wind and you can see the hang time it comes down very very soft and lands soft as well not exactly spinning as such but landing very soft as a severe descent angle as you can see from the dry ball data later that's a full shot but what I'm more interested in what the versatility of this club and what it can do in and around the greens. Right so I'm going to start off what I want to do in this video I want to try and show you the versatility of this wedge the versatility this wedge in the hands of an average golfer because I am not a great wedge player it's not a strong point of my game it's something that like I said is I would highlight as a weakness but what I found with this this high toe wedge it's the versatility I've been in a number of situations over the last couple of rounds in and around the green whether it be from the rough from tight lies whether on a flop shot chip and run and I've been able to adapt the club to play all those type of shots and that's what I particularly like about it I love the way it sits behind a ball here's some close-ups on exactly how tight it lies to the ground and for me like I said it's a personal thing maybe to the eye but I love how tight it sits behind the ball and it gives me a lot of confidence first shot not a lot of green to work with you'd want to throw this one up fairly soft but from a fairly short distance we're about 25 yards from the flag one that would scare the death out of me to be honest with you but we'll give it a go did I mention the pond just at the back now there's two points to mention we've got the camera at the back of the green so what you'll see there is just how quickly that ball has come to rest how soft it lands nice soft landing stop within a few inches I would think when we have a closer look but like I said tight lie not a very confident wedge player able to throw that up nice and soft that's one shot executed okay so exactly the same hole now but from the back of the green plenty of green to work with certainly don't want to throw one up in the air it's all downhill to the pin in a better rough now be looking for a low to the chip and run and get it all the way to the hole fairly low to the ground what I like about the versatility this wedge is I can close this face down a little bit because of the way the club sits on the ground I feel that it doesn't alter anything from the top line in terms of confidence I'm not really closing that club head down at all and still be able to achieve this kind of chip and run shot then well at least I think I can try that one again with a little bit more I mean both like work again soft landing try that again setting up this time looks a better effort yeah got that one past the pin realistic chance of making a par from there but like I said that's versatility shot number two so I know you're all thinking he's had it easy so far perfect lies this one is certainly nestled down flag plenty of green to work with certainly don't thin this one water at the back of this pin but let's just see how this golf club with 64 degrees of loft I'll be using the loft on this one see if it cuts underneath this ball and whether can still pop it up and land it reasonably soft this is where for me again the versatility I'm trying to lay this club face wide open even at 64 degrees and away again the way this hosel is shaped and the way it's cut into the hosel the club the bottom the club face it just always seems to sit perfect and when I watch what you're trying to play it just seems to sit nice behind the ball the balls roll flew it just off to the fringe it was a little bit more than it needed but it certainly I think the shot explained at least what I was trying to achieve which is how easy it is yet again to get that ball out of a ball sitting down in the rough you can still open this club face up and pop the ball up and again that was a very very soft landing and again versatility shot number three with one wedge it's the final test for this 64 degree high toe wedges got a bit from a bunker I don't know about you but I like playing a club with plenty of loft in a bunker again just gives me that extra bit of confidence I think I can get the ball popped up certainly needs to hear fairly steep bang nice bit of sanding it let's see what the high toe wedge does out of a bunker I'm more than happy with that wasn't my best bunker shot was the greatest contact but maybe again that just goes to show how much help I was getting there off the club face in terms of loft and getting that ball popped up high certainly high enough anyway to get out of here but again for me that's versatility shot again it's been added to the 64 degree wedge it's great for bunkers as well so for me when I when I test any product as an average golfer the first thing I'm looking to do is see whether or not where they can give me some help because let's be honest we all need as much help as we can get and all the big things I raise about as G 400 max driver I just love the size of the sweet spot which I believe is there and how much help and assistance it gives me and I look at this wedge in a similar sort of mindset really just how much help it gives how much versatility the word I kept mentioning throughout the video number of different shot types that I can play with it but I don't say these shots are easy I play them execute them particularly well I can stab these things through the back of the green as good as anybody else you've got to execute the shot don't get me wrong but it's all about confidence it's all about and again it might just be on my eye the way this sits but like I said all those different lies that I referred to we've looked at throughout the video every time that club sat behind the ball it seemed to be suggesting to me it was the right type of loft on the club to help me out of any given situation and even when I close the club face down for a chip and run it still sat really nice behind a ball so for me it's a massive thumbs up for this wedge I really mean that and I'm if I'm honest with you I wasn't expecting to even get on with it at 64 degrees I've never used a 64 degree wedge in my life so you think I've got to do now it's in an email to Taylor made and ask him can I keep it anyway I hope you enjoyed that one comments down below have you tried it if you haven't tried it please go out and do so because I'd love to know your opinion even if you walk into the shop and sit behind a few golf balls and tell me what you think when when it's at a dress because that's the key for me just how it sits behind the ball and I keep going over all these same things I'll end it there I'm done I'm finished at Cardin Park great days filming plenty of videos to come keep on watching keep on subscribing hit that subscribe button hit the like button and do as a favor and get this video promoted and shared because I need to get a shift on


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. I'm Poranjoy Gohar Thakurtha and with me here in the studio I'm very happy to welcome Tim Buckley. He's an energy finance analyst based in Sydney, Australia, who's been very, very closely tracking the activities of the Adani Group in Australia. His official designation is Director of Energy Finance Studies at the Institute for Energy, Economics and Financial Analysis. Thank you so much Tim for giving us your time. It's been now eight years that we've been hearing that the Adani Group is going to set up in Queensland a major coal mining project together with a railway line and a port. What is the current status of the project? And this was supposed to be a huge project. At one point of time we were hearing that 16 billion dollars, the equivalent of 16 billion US dollars would be spent on the project. What is the current status of this project? As you mentioned, eight years ago Adani entered the Australian market and as of today the project has still really not advanced in any form for either the railway line or the mine development. Adani did end up buying a major port and so they own the Abbott Point Port and have the capacity to export coal from the Galilee if they build the railway line and if they build the mine. But eight years in the project is yet to get to financial close. So you're saying it's the financial closure which hasn't happened yet? Correct. So Adani at the time they acquired it was the strategy for exporting coal from Australia back to India was 100% aligned with the Indian government strategy. India could not produce enough thermal coal for its own consumption and the government had made it very clear that it wanted its leading private corporations to go offshore, find resources and bring the resources home. That strategy has totally changed and the need for the coal in India is now very very questionable. At the same time global financial institutions are increasingly moving away from financing coal and so Adani has found themselves caught in a situation where they've invested a lot of money a lot of time and yet they're unable to get to financial close. They're unable to get backers of the project in Australia. I'm going to come back to you on the financial aspects of the project but before that you could perhaps comment a little bit about the opposition within Australia on the ecological impact that this project would have on the Great Barrier Reef which is supposed to be one of the seven wonders of the natural world. It's a world heritage location and the Galilee Basin is huge. It's 250,000 square kilometers which makes it bigger than the United Kingdom but it's not just the coal mine, the railway line, the port at Abbott Point. All of these were opposed by activists. As you mentioned there's been enormous community unrest about the project and that comes because ultimately Adani is not just developing one coal mine, they are developing an entire new coal basin and that coal basin has 10 different projects. So Adani is the first mover. If its project gets up and running another nine different coal mines will be enabled through the infrastructure it builds. So from a global perspective it's probably the single biggest new proposed thermal coal basin in the world and it's probably paralleled only with the Canadian tar sands in terms of the magnitude of the carbon emissions that would be generated on the back of the project. So it's a globally significant project. At the end of the day if the world is to stay on track for the Paris Climate Agreement there is no way the world can justify building a brand new massive coal basin and we're not talking just 30 million tonnes, we're talking 300 million tonnes, building a brand new massive coal basin and we're not talking just 30 million tonnes, we're talking 300 million tonnes. Actually I mean I've got all kinds of figures and one of them said that that entire Galilee basin could have you know over 20 billion perhaps 27 billion tonnes of coal and this is the proposed project is not just the biggest greenfield coal mining project of its kind anywhere in the world but it's the biggest in Australia and if completed would qualify to be among the top maybe dozen coal mining projects anywhere in the world is that correct? Absolutely and it just facilitates nine other projects which would all fit in the top 10 or 20 projects in the world so it's a major project for Australia. The Australian government's taken a very different view to environmentalists they've said we'll be exporting all of our emissions so it doesn't affect our country we'll export them to India and they'll let you. In fact this the main project is supposed to mine about 40 million tonnes of coal every year and and of that about two-thirds are supposed to be exported to India am I correct? Yeah that the project started at 60 million tonnes per annum for 60 years it's been downsized to 40 recently it was downsized to 30 and then most recently it's been downsized to 27 million tonnes but irrespective 27 30 50 it's still an enormous project it's the largest in the world proposed. I want you to talk about a little bit about you know there was some opposition from wildlife experts saying that there were certain species over there whose existence could be endangered by the project has has that controversy been is that a closed chapter? Unfortunately the courts have ruled that it doesn't matter that they're endangered species involved the courts have ruled that's not sufficient ground to close the the development proposal but Australia has a very portrait record of protecting endangered species but I think going back to your earlier question the project is yet to get full approval and the approvals still outstanding relate to water Australia as you might be aware is is in the middle of the worst route in Australian history recent history anyway and the water requirements for the Idani project are in the order of about 22 billion litres a year of water drawing from ground and from flood waters so huge water impacts and that's got a lot of the farming community very much offside and so that's been a point of contention at the same time as you mentioned the Great Barrier Reef is 400 kilometers away but you enable a huge new carbon basin to be burnt over the next 20 or 50 years you effectively destroy the ability of the world to deliver on the Paris climate agreement so if we cannot restrict climate change to one and a half to two degrees then there is no chance that the Great Barrier Reef will survive the report from the UN the UN IPCC last month said that 99% of the Great Barrier Reef would be destroyed this century if climate change can't be held at one and a half to two degrees so that is as you said one of the seven wonders of the world it's also one of Australia's biggest tourist attractions it employs so it could have at one level those who are the proponents of the project are saying is going to create a lot of jobs but here you're also suggesting there could be also loss of jobs or loss of employment if the number of tourists who visit the Great Barrier Reef I mean if their numbers come down in the future in the future absolutely there are 60-70,000 jobs directly occurring because of the tourist industry on the Great Barrier Reef alone so that is put at risk okay if I can ask you a little bit about the opposition from the aboriginals the indigenous traditional owners of the land I might be mispronouncing it Wangan and Jagalingu W&J they had gone to the national native title Shibunal at one stage opposing the land that was given opposing the grant of the title to the land to this project what is the current status so the W&J continuing to fight the indigenous land use agreement the Iliwa is what it's referred to in Australia they would argue that the consent was never given for the Iliwa to be approved that is gone through the Supreme Court it has been rejected by the Supreme Court the W&J are now appealing that decision to a full bench of the Supreme Court in Australia so they probably won't see a decision for another 12 months so at the moment there is no approval for Adani to go ahead with the mind they don't have an Iliwa in place that is uncontested and that is a major problem and that's part of why I mentioned financial close hasn't been achieved if you do not have an Iliwa you don't have traditional owner approval you haven't got uncontested approval to develop the project international banks aren't going to go near this project while the traditional owners are disputing the right of the project to proceed so that is probably the single biggest legal obstacle to the project and that's why eight years in they still haven't got okay Tim would I be correct in presuming that among the political leadership in Australia at present both the ruling party as well as those in the opposition and it's a very close contest I mean we in India we see the the it has traditionally been a very very closely contested political situation where two parties are sort of vying with each other would I be correct to say that within both the major political parties in Australia there are both supporters and opponents to the project and most of those who are from Queensland have tended to support the project I think that's a fair representation and if you stand back and look at Australia it's like India we are a very cold dependent country so of our major exporters coal for coke and coal for steel production thermal coal for power generation are two of our four biggest exporters along with LNG and I know so when you talk about politicians being very pro mining in Australia they are very pro mining it's a major employer it generates a lot of export revenue it generates some royalties for the states and so it's very difficult to see Australian politicians stand against coal but we did just have a major by-election on the weekend the Wentworth by-election and that was where the ruling party the federal ruling party was thrown out of the a seat that they've held since Federation so virtually for over a hundred years the Liberal Party has held the seat of Wentworth they lost the seat with a 20 swing the single most important identified issue under contention was the issue of climate change so are you suggesting that the opposition to the project by from civil society activists could kind of tilt the balance and sort of influence public opinion against the project absolutely it's a very controversial project and I think the Wentworth by-election highlights that the community feels that our politicians have not been listening and that they have not considered climate change a serious issue and ultimately the Galilee is of global significance on climate change the threat to the Great Barrier Reef the threat to the planet has not been understood by our politicians not accepted by the politicians and it's now a political reality it's probably the single largest issue in Australian politics okay Tim you know over the last couple of years and a little longer perhaps you've been very very closely fracking not just the big Adani project or the proposed project in in Queensland Australia but what the Adani group is doing within India in particular the project of Adani power limited in Mundra as well as the Gouda coal fired project which is in Jharkhand in eastern India which is a very very unusual project because it seeks to import coal from Australia bring it to a port in eastern India called Dhamra take it to Jharkhand which is in eastern India bordering the state of Jharkhand and West Bengal and what is even more interesting is that the entire the electricity that is generated would get exported to Australia to Bangladesh oh I'm so sorry Bangladesh that's correct yeah in eastern India so so the point is why have you sought to link the Adani's groups project in Australia with what's happening in Mundra in western India and the Gouda project which will be supplying electricity to Bangladesh a lot of the work we do at IEFA is analyzing the transformation of electricity markets globally and we look at India as being a world leader in electricity sector transformation it has been absolutely amazing to watch that the decline in renewable energy prices in India in the last two years we've seen over a 50 percent reduction in tariffs for renewables renewables are now the low-cost source of electricity in India in Australia and Adani is in it too Adani is absolutely remember so he's not just into coal based power correct he's also one of the major players in in solar energy yes please the Adani green power IPO the initial public offering went through three months ago it has made Adani one of the top five players in the renewable energy space in India so you're right Adani is very much a foot in both camps India will be using coal for decades to come but the growth of the Indian economy needs to be on a sustainable footing and it needs to source low-cost renewable energy that is the government's plan and so I think we have a pivotal point in Indian energy markets where the reliance on coal historically is being absolutely accepted it's a necessary function of underpinning economic growth but going forward the power is going to increasingly come from renewables and Adani at the moment is trying to use effectively be energy agnostic one minute the project in Mundra the under Adani power it was based on imported coal but from Indonesia now it's run run into all kinds of problems together with two other projects and there's a high-powered committee which has submitted its recommendations on what can be done to ensure that these assets don't get completely stressed or don't become non-performing that's one part of the story but we also see in Jharkhand the Gordha project is being seen as a project that might that's it may be importing coal from Australia but at the end of the day it's going to supply cheap power to Bangladesh so how is it linked to what's happening in Australia and why has why have you in particular you've written you you put out a public in the public domain a paper which has been very very critical of this project why you use the word cheap power for Bangladesh our analysis shows it's anything but cheap in fact it's probably going to be twice the price of alternative sources of power generation for Bangladesh so that is effectively the critical point of contention it is not a project that supplies cheap power to Bangladesh it's actually a project that locks in really expensive imported power and as you mentioned it's imported coal from Australia to India converted into electricity then exported to Bangladesh the transmission, rail, sea, port costs are astronomical and at a time when India is now producing surplus power for the first time in more than a decade you have the opportunity to supply very cheap renewable energy to Bangladesh and instead Adani is proposing really expensive dirty. What you're suggesting this project should be scrapped all together but they've already sort of acquired a lot of land and there is no time like the present to stop a project that's not going to be commercially viable but then both the government of India as well as the government of Bangladesh has to be convinced that this project is not going to be useful or helpful that's true but you only have to look at the tariff agreement and the tariff agreement is to supply power at five or six rupees per kilowatt hour at the same time the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is talking to your Prime Minister Modi about buying renewable energy from Gujarat transforming it transporting it across the country and then exporting to Bangladesh you could be doing that at three rupees a kilowatt hour and so ultimately what we would be arguing is when markets are in a massive point what is going to be the price of the Godav electricity? Probably five and a half to six rupees so it could be almost double the price now you will have higher transmission cost to take electricity from Gujarat all the way to Bangladesh but that might get you up to four rupees not five not six material cheaper and so ultimately if there is a point of disruption the logic is that you re-evaluate projects so you mentioned the land has been acquired but nothing's been built so that is the best point to stop you actually should return the land to the people you've acquired it from cancel the project and find a better lower cost okay time alone will tell whether that actually happens or not but before I conclude I want to return to the original to the subject I'm talking about the project in Australia what's your hunch you're saying there's no financial closure yet the local indigenous peoples their originals they've challenged the ruling of the Supreme Court to a higher bench and what do you think is likely to happen in the foreseeable future and as you've also written the project has been downsized you know whether it be the railway line or the capacity of the coal mine so all of this has happened in the recent past what could happen in the coming in the near future in the foreseeable future I think the point you made about downsizing is really important so Adani announced two months ago that they've downsized the railway development they've halved the price it's gone from a two billion dollar rail development to a one billion US dollar development that is all about trying to reduce the project to a level where effectively the Adani family can fund it themselves and proceed without any international banking support I just think the world has moved on from developing new greenfield coal mines globally and in Australia the financial institutions have moved on but we do we are talking about one of the most powerful men in India we're talking about a billionaire a billionaire who's invested over a billion dollars in Australia in this project and he's not used to losing so unfortunately the decision really sits with Gautam Adani does he want to actually take this project forward and risk his own capital if he can't convince other people to do it and that so far so far there's no indication that Mr Gautam Adani will pull out I mean though yes over the last eight years the project has undergone a number of modifications he's attempting downsizing various banks and financial institutions have not gone ahead with him but you think he's really determined to put this project because after all for him you know it's also a lot at stake I mean it catapults him from being not just one of India's billionaires or one of India's richest men's but a person with business interests across the globe true but businessmen successful businessmen businessmen have to underwrite successful projects and I don't think this is a project we will make a viable rate of return I don't think it is a project that makes any ecological sense I don't think it's a project that the community of Australia is going to allow to go ahead so he has to weigh up a project that he has put his own capital in and he's invested a lot of money with ongoing civil disobedience against the project and a project that probably does it also has some of Australia's richest persons helping him including Gina Reinhart who's one of Australia's richest women her firm is partnering Adani the port project no they're standing they've got their own project we've not seen Hancock prospecting move at all in eight years they're busy developing iron ore and they're developing other projects they haven't invested so that was just a proposal which has yet to come through it's a project waiting if Adani proceeds Hancock prospecting might but ultimately I'd come back does India need the coal and the answer to that does India need imported coal not at all India has more than enough coal but more importantly more enough but of poor quality true that is true but what you're far better off doing is focusing on the future technology and renewable energy and that is the low cost source I think your prime minister has articulated that beautifully and that is the vision of the future for India and let's wait and watch and time alone will tell whether the Adani project in Australia to set up the world's largest greenfield coal mining project together with a railway line and a port actually materializes or not thank you very much Tim for coming here and giving us your time and you've just heard and watched Tim Buckley he's an energy finance analyst based in Sydney Australia discussing the likely future of the Adani groups project in Australia thank you for being with us and keep watching NewsClick


How you doing? This is Rich here on behalf of Rich TV Live and today I want to talk to you about a company I've been looking at called Acuity Ads. So the symbol for Acuity Ads in Canada is AT, Acuity Ads Holdings Inc. You can take a look at the five day chart here on RichTVLive.com. If you take a look at the one year chart you can see that it's been as high as $1.91 on April 23, 2019. It's been as low as $1.14 on August 14, 2019. The low low for the year is $0.96 on December 7, 2018 and we're currently at $1.26. Now if we scroll down the issue in outstanding shares is only $47.75 million. I think it's a very tight float which leads me to believe that there could be some big upside here, okay. Now if you take a look at the American symbol, the American symbol is ACUIF, Acuity Ads Holdings Inc. in America on the OTCQX exchange, the highest tier exchange other than the senior exchange. Now we go to their website, really nicely designed website, talks about a lot of different things here. So DTC marketing insights. Consumer marketing is undergoing a massive transformation. Upstart, direct to consumer DTC brands are challenging the status quo with strategies relying heavily on digital channels to package products and experiences that resonate with consumers. This is a company that is focused on different advertising strategies. How can you advertise cannabis online? Download our guide to cannabis advertising, best practices guides for cannabis advertising. So they clearly see that cannabis is a growing sector and they are providing services for advertisers. And it's been one of the biggest problems here in Canada is Canadian companies that are in the cannabis sector, they're not allowed to advertise. We are a decision science company that empowers businesses to make smarter decisions. We serve our brand, Acuity Ads Decision Science Technology empowers businesses to make smarter decisions. Our product suite is anchored by a proprietary consumer valuing tool, which works to assist marketers in correctly valuing the cost of digital media and to achieve goals with greater efficiency. It does this using insights that offer fingerprint level understanding of users in order to identify, assess and incorporate learnings into each buying decision. So if you're an advertiser, you just click here, let's see what they got to say. An unparalleled decision science platform. The Acuity Ads industry leading decisioning platform is based on proprietary AI technology. The output is an extremely high performing digital media execution that intelligently connects marketers and consumers. Our AI using artificial intelligence technology allows brands and agencies to extract key signals outside of the obvious that contribute to the consumer journey from unaware of a need all the way through conversion. Smarter decisions. The Acuity Ads product suite is anchored by a proprietary consumer valuing tool. Our algorithm reverse engineers thousands of signals allowing the consumer journey and weights their impact on conversion. These key signals are then used to find net new prospecting opportunities across a wide range of ad formats. Gain access to inventory from all of the best advertising exchanges in the market as well as publisher direct media. Learn more about our partnership for inventory brand safety fraud protection and behavioral behavioral and B2B data. They have a proprietary machine learning algorithm. Our in-house experts work on the platform's proprietary algorithm every day. This is key to campaign optimization. It is proven that campaign performance increases 10 to 15 percent when our algorithm is turned on. So they've got a very intelligent software that is going to tell you where to advertise, when to advertise, how to advertise to get the most bang for your advertising dollar. Our technology has built in brand safety and fraud protection measures. Love it. Pre-campaign, in-flight and post-campaign protection. Always on contextual scanning, verifying content matches, IAB brand safety measures. Minimize bought fraud, human click farms and eye framing units. Traffic, content scoring and IP filtering. Global and industry wide advertiser white lists black lists. Fully integrated with comm score VCE. Compatible with Nielsen OCR and integral ad science. Use one-to-one messaging to connect with your audience across screens including desktop, mobile, tablet, audio and CTV. So they're breaking down all the different formats from phones to laptops, desktops, tablets, you name it. And formats. We can adapt to assisting you in using the ad format that best serves your campaign. Everything from display, audio and video on social and everywhere else in the digital world. I also interviewed this company so stay tuned to the interview. We should be launching the interview very soon but before I do an interview I always like to over do an overview on the company so you guys can understand the business intrinsically. Get meaningful campaign analytics and insights about what you knew and what you didn't know. Acuity, decision science algorithm will help to reveal audience segments you may not have been considering. Find out what works for your digital advertising. So you want to advertise, fill in the basic information. This is a company that is growing exponentially. They're growing extremely fast. I'm talking about revenue growth. So do your due diligence, do your research. I'd love to know what you guys think about Acuity Ads, a company that I think has huge potential. AT is the symbol in Canada. ACUIF is the symbol in America. Now if we just go back, attention advertising, live audiences, insights, you can take a look at all the statistics, case studies, videos, let's click on videos. So a pretty simple website breaks down everything that they do, how they do it, why they do it. That's an interesting video. Let's just watch this. So Raj previously co-founded Digitas, a global digital advertising agency that he took public and later sold to publicists and visible measures, a third-party digital video measurement company which he sold to Acuity Ads in 2017. Over the past 25 years, so Raj has done extensive research on viewership trends across major social and digital platforms and is an authority on consumer trends and insights guiding the future of consumer marketing. Another thing that I learned from him, because I always like to get little tidbits, is that he actually graduated, he actually got a degree in AI back in 1987. Wow. On top of that, he also worked on the algorithm for machine, for what was it again, machine, he actually worked with DARPA. Anyone know what DARPA is? DARPA is the government, the government division that actually creates technology. So all the GPS stuff was done by DARPA back in the 70s or the 60s. So this guy's really brilliant. I'm glad to bring him out. Please welcome Sarash. How is everybody doing? It's such an interesting session. I'm so glad I was here earlier today so that I could really breathe in and understand what the real conversation is about, what's the core questions here that we need to be addressing. So that's the company video. I'm not going to go through the whole thing. It's like a 28 minute video, but there's a little bit of a better understanding of who he's all about and what they're all about and what their background and experiences are. So you can see that these guys are very well versed in the sector. They know the industry inside and out. And if you're a company that needs advertising, you need exposure, you need visibility, acuity ads might be an amazing place for you to start. Now I wanted to look into their investor presentation. So let's take a look at this. So Deloitte ranked them in the technology Fast 500. In 2016 they were the Kentek letter stock of the year. So they've obviously been getting a lot of awards. We've been aggressively growing 79% CAGR as far as revenue growth. You could see they have grown their revenue to over a hundred million dollars. Industry leading technology, significant tailwinds and global digital advertising sector, 35% inside ownership for accreditive acquisitions. Here is the market opportunity. 704 billion dollar advertising market, 327 billion digital advertising and 85 billion programmatic advertising. And this is what acuity ads is all about.  This is what intelligent advertising is all about. This is what acuity ads is all about. Now this breaks down the US programmatic ad spend. So you could see that companies are spending more and more money on programmatic ads. And this is the future of advertising.  So you can see here trading ads is very similar to trading stocks. Here's an ad exchange. You got CNN, CNBC, ESPN to provide advertising space, an ad exchange supply side platform. And then there's acuity ads, which will take McDonald's, Disney, Toyota and those companies are interested in placing ads.  This is the future of advertising. People want to get more bang for their buck. Programmatic advertising is the future of advertising. Acuity ads, key competitive advantage, capture shopping intent, match consumer with best advertiser, deliver the ad and then measure value delivered. Love it. So not only can they give you better results, they can measure the results and as a company, you can actually track all of your results as they happen. There's a competitive landscape. There's full serve or self serve types of advertising solutions. This is an omnichannel solution, whether it's video, connected TV, display, native, audio or mobile advertising. They do it all. Okay. They have a proven success with leading brands.  Obviously, everyone's heard of Amazon, everyone's heard of Nike, everyone's heard of Ford, Samsung, Lexus, Lincoln, Audi, Toyota, Volvo, TD Bank, Manu Life Financial, MasterCard, just to name a few of the companies that these guys have as potential previous clients and potentially their clients today and most likely in the future too. Here's some of the case studies, Global Financial Services Company, 250K initial campaign in Q4 2018. Second campaign was for 4 million in Q1 2019. Wow, $7 million upsized in Q1 2019. Incredible. Global Advertising Agency, 7K trial campaign in Q4 2018. Then they committed to $2 million in Q1 2019. Upsized 5 million commitment for all of 2019. So you could see companies are starting small and then growing from 250,000 to millions of dollars in advertising money spent. Global Hospitality Company started with 100K as a trial campaign in Q4 2018. That grew to 250K in Q1 2019. And now they have $5 million committed in Q2 2019. That is incredible revenue growth, incredible growth within their own clients. Growth strategy, continuous investment in AI, artificial intelligence, launch of new industry leading technologies, sales and marketing investments and strategic acquisitions. So this is what I was talking to you guys about enormous revenue growth. So you can see here this is in millions. In Q2 2018 revenue was 12 million. In Q2 2019 revenue was 25 million. A growth of 116 percent. Managed services in Q2 2018 was 8.3 million. In Q2 2019 was 18.7 million. Growth of 125 percent. Q2 2018 self-serve revenue 3.6 million. In Q2 2019 revenue of 7.1 million. Revenue growth of 94 percent. Grows profit of 6.4 million. In Q2 2018. Grows profit of 12.4 million. In 2019 Q2 growth of 95 percent. Adjusted EBITDA 0.4 in Q2 2018. Grew all the way to 1.1 million. Adjusted EBITDA a growth of 175 percent year over year. Sustained annual revenue growth. Look at the revenue growth. We're talking incredible sustained revenue growth and we anticipate the revenue growth will only get bigger. So you can see here the cash and cash equivalents. Total current assets December 31st 2018 was 44.1 million. Total current assets June 30th 2019 is 38.4 million. Non-current assets in December 31st 2018 was 67.6 million. In June 30th 2019 was 65 million. Current liabilities. So the assets grew kind of shrunk a little bit but so did the liabilities. Take a look at this. So in December 31st 2019 18 the liabilities were 48.6 million which is their debt. Their liabilities in 2019 June 30th are now 38.2 million. So they actually dropped by a little over 10 million dollars. Non-current liabilities in 2018 December 31st were 57.4 million. In June 30th 2019 they are 50.6 million. Total shareholder equity 14.4 million in 2019 June 30th and 10.1 million December 31st 2018. Total liabilities plus shareholder equity of 67.6 million 2018 in December and 65 million even June 30th 2019. This is the management team. I actually interviewed Tal Hayek the chief executive officer and co-founder and stay tuned to that interview and that video we will be posting it shortly. So I like the management team. You can see that Tal was previously founded and sold Incenta Click an affiliate marketing platform to a public company in 2006. So he definitely has experience and you can take a look at some of the board members and look at some of their experiences. So here's some of the corporate information. Market capitalization 60 million shares outstanding very tight float 47 million shares ish and outstanding 3.6 million options at a price of $1.63 warrants at a price of 119 2.2 million shares outstanding fully diluted of 55 million 447 thousand so still really tight cash balance of 5.2 million as of June 30th 2019 and inside ownership of 35 percent. So the owners of the company and the insiders own 35 percent of the float and the ish and outstanding shares.  You can compare the EBITDA you can compare their sales to some of the biggest players and see that they are on the right track to success. That's acuity ads on the TSX under the symbol AT and here it is acuity ads. The symbol in Canada is AT acuity ads holdings. You could see the volume is very low nobody really knows that's why we like to bring it to you now we like to bring it to you first and literally the volume in America is like zero and they're an OTC QX company members since August of 2019. So they are newly listed on the OTC QX best listed exchange other than the senior exchange. This is acuity ads holdings. Love to know what you guys think. If you like this video smash the like button comment down below. I'd love to know your opinion. I believe we brought you guys this company first. We love to bring you guys companies first acuity ads holdings Inc. I think it has a chance to be a big winner. Comment down below. Let me know what you think. I'm going to do a little bit more research. I'm going to go continue to do more due diligence. I want to find out more about this company and love to know what you guys think.  Stay tuned to the CEO interview and more details about this company. I'll continue to keep you guys updated as it all happens acuity ads. So why choose us acuity ads is a fast growing public listed technology company in the dynamic environment of digital advertising technology. Founded in 2009 acuity ads has achieved enormous growth and recognition. Thanks to our hardworking employees we have ranked on Deloitte's fast 50 and fast 500 list four years in a row. So why choose us at acuity ads a modern corporate culture combines with rewarding challenges where you impact where your impact will be clear for all to see. We have been certified as a great place to work after a thorough and independent analysis conducted by great place to work Canada. The certification is based on direct feedback from employees provided as part of an extensive and anonymous survey about the workplace in experience. We don't just offer competitive salaries and benefits at acuity ads. We value the health and happiness of our employees from a holistic perspective. Our corporate wellness efforts span from an in-house registered massage therapy service to weekly catered lunches, a fully stocked and functioning kitchen, team gatherings, and more. We offer structured employee recognition awards and financial wellness programs. This is the perfect time to join our team. We have an amazing opportunity to make an impact in a big way in a company that is poised for growth. What do you guys think? This is your boy Rich from Rich to Be Live bringing you acuity ads first AT in Canada, A-C-U-I-F in America. Let me know what you guys think. This is your boy Rich from Rich to Be Live and I'm out. Let me know acuity ads. Is it a big winner? Two thumbs up if it's a big winner. Let me know. We'll bring it to you first. It's true.


Well, I think we ought to have a family picture, you ought to be between us. All right. This sounds really good. I'm going to be there tomorrow. Okay. Okay. Right here. Thank you. Well, that'll wreck your camera right there. Not at all. Thank you, Mr. President. A couple of little souvenirs. Thank you, Mr. President. A couple of little souvenirs. A good knife, pocket knife. Thank you. And a set. Thank you very much. Thanks, too. Thank you, Mr. President. We keep you busy enough. Thank you, Mr. President. Lucky for us. Does he take good care of it? Well, I'm sure he does. That's right. What do you want? This is Marcel Jovene. This is Marcel Jovene. This is Marcel Jovene. This is Marcel Jovene. This is Marcel Jovene. This is Marcel Jovene. This is Marcel Jovene. This is Marcel Jovene. This is Dannary. These are all our esteemed professionals here. That's Marcel, Mr. President. A good see-you-same. We got something for you. Thank you so much for giving us this time. This is a letter addressed to you, which is a gentleman's survey it is talked about without taxpayer money. Thank you. And then some time ago we won the program for medicine. So, this is a complete set of all of theheze Aud pork steak. I get to get a mixture of anything. Mr. President, the sculpture is an immigrant from Italy, and he says that this is the second most important day of his life, because the first was when he got his paper. And then when it went by president. Thank you very much. It's a great honor. Thank you. I just left your homeland a few days ago. Good time with Venice. Yes. On the other hand, it's a very wet season, because when I look down from the helicopter, all the streets seem to be flooded. It's always like that. That's pretty corny. Mr. President, that's one of the most beautiful sculptures and metals that we've produced. I think we're going to get more favorable comment on this than anyone in the society that we've produced. We're very especially pleased to be here. We're not going to go to metal because you'd perceive us and perceive us and accept us. I am most pleased to have these. Most handsome. Thank you very much. If you want to get a picture with. Why don't we turn the metals around so we can get a picture of the metal there. Tighter. I thought we'd only kill it. Thank you very much. I know you might be interested to know that one of my meetings didn't have to do with the summit over there, but I met at a home where, and there were a number of our American friends there, and it was that they were there because Italy has now decided to also have a private sector's initiative there and do the things that we do here under that going through government. They didn't have one? They didn't have one? They all started about a year ago in a thing in Paris where there was an international guest in a number of European countries that wanted to find out how we were doing that with the private sector. They have started, and their first chore was, there in Venice they built an American Italian friendship park. That was great. Tell the president, tell us on the way up about what you want to be in America. Well, the first came to the States and said, you've got to decide the two things that want it to be. I want it to be a capitalist and a republic. Well, I think that's so right. I've succeeded in both points. Thanks a lot. My friend, we came five years ago to give you the Capcom metal down here. Barbara Carnable had written this in, and Bill Frenz and I were in society. We look forward to seeing you another five years here somewhere in another metal. Well, thank you so much. Thank you, we're honored. Mr. President, introduce Colonel Paulson. He's our national president. Well, listen, I'm pleased to have you all here. Good to see you again, sir. God bless. God bless. The team said I'll be from Arla, Arla Way, but back at the Fort Des Moines. General Sandler from the Army. Nice to meet you, sir. My pleasure. Good to see you. I was from Des Moines, I was with W.A. Show. I thought you wanted to know that, sir. Major Paulson from the Air Force. Well, sir. Nice to meet you, sir. Chief warrant officer of COVAX. He looks down on everybody, sir. Doesn't look that tall to me after I photographed a few weeks ago with that Navy basketball. Oh, terrific, terrific. And I see the picture, I can't believe it. And in the picture I measured just his head. From his head and my head in the photograph facing him. And his head, in comparison to mine, went all the way to the bottom of my neck top. That's great. That's great. Right here. Right here. Well, listen, I know what the reserve is made of are more defensive. I also know all the help that you've been on the thing for me. A-Wax. A-Wax. And the budget for defense and so forth. And I need you now more than I've ever needed you because up on the hill they're just planning some things that would just cut everything out for a minute. If we are finally built up to a point where, as you can see, the Soviets have decided they got to do this. Yes, sir. And now in the face of all of that, in the face of the kind of negotiations they're up there planning things that would cut us to red. Well, Mr. President, I want to offer our association's help. We're highly concerned about Central American Avenue and all the other problems. Call us just like on the A-Wax or whatever. You tell us when and what you'd like us to do. Lean on Congress. Yes, sir. We can handle that. We've done that before. We mentioned Fort Des Moines. Yes, sir. What is Fort Des Moines? It's still there, sir. It's the old commander and now commander there. And we've still got a major reserve unit there. But no active. No, no reserve. No, it's a major reserve unit. It's all reserve units. It was the 14th Cavalry. Yes, sir. And after that they had the A-Wax and the Wax Corps. Well, they come back here every year now and have a reunion. I'd say something here about that. It's going to be a little embarrassing for one here. No, no. Mr. President, it's a different embarrassing. Yes. Well, I tell you what, we had the ceremonies here and it was just terribly hot and humid and on a progression from the 1907 Marines collapsed. But they were all the male Marines. Yes. The women of the 80 Marines killed them. That's terrific. Mr. President, next year we're going to dedicate, at number one constitution, our holocaust, of which you are a member, along with a very select group of people. I want to give you the personal invitation. We would like you to do the dedication. President Truman is the man who, of course, has been first eulogized there. And we kind of think things ought to be put together and balanced. So I want to give you personally that invitation now. And if you can find it in your schedule next year, we're going to do it when you can do it. So we would really be blessed and honored if you would try and fit that into your schedule. Well, I shall certainly take this up with a simple response. Thank you, Mr. President. But that's the place where I have the least. But that's why we want you up there. It's a part of that hall of fame to dedicate. We appreciate the opportunity to have us in here. And we'll certainly do everything we can to do this. I never had an opportunity to tell you when I stopped being in service. And that was about two-thirds of the way through the picture, co-starring with Errol Flynn, and I received a letter I didn't even have to open in the red print on the outside of the area. This was shortly after Pearl Harbor in the spring. And they said, immediate action, active duty. I don't know if you remember, but there is a certificate at our Reserve Personnel Center in St. Louis with your signature on it, discharging Clark Gable. When you were a captain, and he was a major, discharging him from the service. That's at the center. Anytime you go down to the Army Reserve Personnel Center, you'll see that. This was Errol Flynn at the Air Force. That's all right. Sir, our old Peltier case, as he is in the news again today, and we're still going to continue to fight it. Leonard Peltier, I was the one who handled that as one of your U.S. attorneys. And for 11 years, we've been hanging with it. And the Department of Justice is going to continue to make sure that thing sticks. Justice will continue to be done. God bless, sir. It's so nice to be with you. Thank you for everything. Thank you for everything. What was the win of the year? Thank you. I think we have one souvenir that's going to be of great quality. Thank you, sir. Thank you, sir. You know, I give it up.  She's got a man. I'll make him wear it in all our time. Thank you very much. Thank you so much. Good to be with you again. Good to be with you. Good to be with you again. Good to be with you again. Good to be with you again. Good to be with you again. Absolutely. Thank you. Professor Gordon Byer. He's going to be presenting the other people from Markham Foundation. This is Dr. Poe, the official biographer. The treasurer and head of the 40th anniversary events. And this is Mr. Ross Melheiser, the chairman of the board. I'm going to see you. I thought maybe you'd like to get this from Boris. It's been 30 years. Yes. Well, this and I are most pleased to have it. And I appreciate all that you've done in this. And I have increased appreciation. And since my return just a short time ago from Europe, in this 40th year, because there, they were not there. They are still honoring this and recognizing this for what it did. And in Germany, particularly in the museum, dedicated to this, because I have always felt he was the basis for the first peace settlement virtually in history that did not lay the foundation for the next war. Always the winners would see that the grudges remain and so forth, but we've had 40 years of peace because of it. I know that he's waiting for us to get it kind of. I'm so proud to have this. Well, I was so sorry. I couldn't be present at the dinner. Professor Eisenhower, he's been what, 15, 20, 30 years ago? 54. He came in to see President Eisenhower and presented a signed copy of another book he has done. Well, I'm just so pleased to have this. Thank you for your film for the event before last. Oh, and thank you very much. Thank you for receiving it. I know the Marshall Plan stressed productivity. Thank you. Thanks again. I met several old ladies in Germany, very elderly, and they were there, part of the museum, and they were part of that organization then, of women in Germany, that got together and cleaned up the building, and so forth in the rubble, to help start the rubble. Thank you, sir. Thank you.


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE, covering AWS re-invent 2018.  Good to have you back here on theCUBE as we continue our coverage here at AWS re-invent. Day one, we're here for all three days, so we have probably about three dozen guests lined up here, this particular CUBE set, and really a delight to be here once again, our seventh time at this show. I'm John Walls with Justin Warren. We're now joined by Milos Marjanovic. She was the Vice President of Product Management at ZEO. Milos, good to see you, sir. Good to see you too, thanks for having us. You bet, and Kevin Sheehan, who's the Chief Technology Officer at Siena. Kevin, how are you, sir? Very good, thank you. Good, nice to be here. Let's talk about your respective companies first, just to let folks who are watching know what you do and then what do you do together? So Milos, first off, tell us a little bit about ZEO. Sure, so ZEO is a communications infrastructure provider, primarily we own and operate fiber optic networks. Now, we're here to exhibit a product called CloudLink, which specializes in getting people into the cloud by bypassing the public internet. So there's some inherent values associated with that. Because we operate at the infrastructure layer, as you get up the stack and you add on software and other solutions on top of that, partners like Siena are important for us to have more holistic solutions for our customers that want to go into AWS. So Kevin, yeah, when do you come into the picture? Yeah, so Siena, our DNA, we're about 20 years old as a public company and we've become known as being the best at moving bits across the globe in terms of whether it's for your mobile phone, your iPad, whatever data is moving around the world. And then over the past five or six years, we dove in, in a big way, into automating the movement of those bits with software, open software, open software platforms. And that's really, you know, with Zail, we're partnered both on moving bits and at automating the movement of the bits as well. Interesting, yeah, because moving data around is actually really, really hard. And getting that data where you need it to be, when you need it to be there, is one of the really intractable problems of the multi-cloud era. So could you explain a bit more about how it is that you are actually helping customers to do that? Because everyone's been struggling with this for quite some time. What's the secret? So yeah, I can take the first part of that anyway. So you kind of hit it. It is difficult and I think ubiquity is key. So having a presence where our customers are. So with our fiber optic network, we have over a thousand data centers on our network. So customers that might have had a private cloud solution within a data center that are either in a hybrid model or looking to move holistically into the public cloud, it's kind of like, who are they looking to help solve for them for their connectivity needs? And that's where Zeo, I think, is uniquely positioned. They're also, their expectations in being in the public cloud is such that automation efficiency, things like scalability is also very critical. So that's not just within the cloud environment, it has to extend to on-prem services as well. And that's really where we come in. So we want to maintain that user experience end-to-end for customers where they can log into a portal on our end, configure a connection in real time, and have that turn up all the way up into their VPC environment with AWS. Yeah, and I think it's fairly complex to tie network services to cloud-based services. And then if you look at enterprise customers that have cloud services today, about 60% of them that have services now have services from more than one cloud service provider. And that's where it gets exponentially more complex and really where automation has a big play. So if you're an enterprise customer of Zeo, for example, and you want to have certain types of cloud services from one service provider, maybe AWS, and other types of cloud services from a different cloud service provider, you want the ability to move in an agile way as possible between service providers and ideally without having people involved in the middle and having it be a very slow and cumbersome process. So, software automation really enables the multi-cloud experience for enterprise customers. Yeah, doing that at scale, as you say, any kind of complex environment or at any kind of scale, it needs to be automated for it to be repeatable and reliable and make sure that it actually works every time. So, as a lot of engineering goes into making that work seamlessly. So, could you give us a bit of a flavor for what it is about the technology that you've created here that actually makes that work nicely and neatly across all these different environments? Yeah, so this is where Zeo, as I said, you know, we're an infrastructure provider and we rely on partners like Sienna to deliver some of that automation, at least parts of it. So, one of the demos we recently did, we did approve a concept where a user can log into our e-commerce platform. It's called Transact with Zeo. They can configure a service, a solution end to end. So, that's the e-commerce, the quote standpoint, and then we have open APIs between that platform and our SDN layer, which is powered by BluePlan, it was Sienna. And that rides across our infrastructure and so connectivity is configured on the network layer and then open APIs are on the back end with AWS to help provision it into the actual hyperscale environment as well. Right. Yeah, so Milo, you know, mentioned the open APIs. So really, to be successful at automating multiple platforms like this between multiple service providers, the foundation is open APIs. You have to be able to talk to everything in an open way and in a predictable way, especially when things go wrong. So, it's one thing to provision when everything's okay, but when things start to go wrong, you have to be able to adapt the network and adapt the services to things as they go wrong. So, we have that built into our platform and fortunately, events like this, you know, continue to promote openness of APIs. And then, you know, on top of BluePlan, in addition to working with open APIs, we become very good at creating an open DevOps environment. So that in a true partnership, you know, with Zeo and Sienna, Zeo can go in and actually participate in the journey and actually create the software inside of our scalable infrastructure in order to differentiate themselves from their competitors. So what kind of an impact are you having on your customers if you're providing this multi-cloud connectivity or at least giving them confidence, I assume, to make different kinds of decisions, right? All of a sudden, they have an opportunity to expand an operation or take on something new because you're giving them confidence that you could pull this off? Is that, are you saying that? Yeah, absolutely. So we were recently announced, we were awarded rather direct connect network competency partnership with AWS. And so I think that award isn't necessarily just kind of given out at random, if you will. So us being able to earn the trust of AWS and that being visible to our customers is certainly a value prop and gaining our end users trust. That also opens the door for us to springboard and other value add solutions for our customers to have more of a turnkey approach. We talk a lot about automation, security, ease of use. That needs to continue to extend. That's a value that AWS holds dear and they expect their partners to have that same approach to the solutions as well. So what are you looking for at this show as a signal for where the industry is heading? You mentioned open APIs. We're seeing a lot of conversation about more openness than accepting the idea that there might be other possibilities for deployment other than just one cloud. What else are you expecting to see at this show that will signal where the industry is moving? Well, of course, huge movement to the cloud. Enterprise customers moving more and more to the cloud. If you came here a few years ago, things were centered around certain singular applications. And now when you walk around this show floor, I mean, it's pretty much anything under the sun is tied directly into the cloud. And some things you never really imagined to be there this quickly.  But then more and more movement to the cloud and then having the multi-cloud choice, multi-cloud service provided choice for the end customers. Yeah, and just to add to that, I mean, it's all underpinned by massive workloads as AI, ML, 5G kind of take hold and really are more broadly adopted. That is a lot of data that is moving around. So having that underpinned by a strong network backbone that has high throughput performance, things of that nature is going to be critical to get data from the cloud to where the eyeballs are, to where the users are. Do you think enterprises are moving everything truly into the cloud or are they starting to, are they doing more of a hybrid approach where they're having some stuff goes to the cloud, some things stay on their own premises, some things actually move out to the edge? Where do you see the enterprises moving? Yeah, I think it depends on the application. So there's certainly some applications, depending on the type of enterprise, that are best if they're kept inside the four walls of the enterprise. And then they'll go with a hybrid approach. But I think whenever possible, the scale and the economics that can be reached if it's truly put into the cloud, definitely pays for itself very quickly. Yeah, I completely agree with that. I think a hybrid approach is probably going to exist into the future now. How that split, 70, 30, 80, 20, whatever that might be is yet to be determined. But as Kevin mentioned, the scalability in the public cloud ecosystem and frankly, the immense resources that AWS is putting into some of their value, some of their products that you can bolt on to kind of vanilla solutions that customers are coming in with is very difficult to replicate. So there's, I think the scale within the public sphere is going to be quicker, but hybrid will always exist, I think. Before we catch a loose, what do you want to take away from here? From AWS renovate, from the show itself. When you go back to Raleigh, you head back to Denver, what is it that you take in your hip pocket that you think you can put to practice? Yeah, I think for me it's the seeing real time the rate of change that's going on inside of the industry. So it's the thing that we've learned over the past five years or so is that it's very hard to predict the rate of change that we're living in, right? And we're not even in, for example, a 5G world yet, but we're right on the precipice of it. And I think what we're learning and what we're taking away and putting it to practice is that the network really has to be as adaptive as possible because it's so hard to predict the amount of change that's coming and when the change is coming. You just know it is coming and you will have to adapt to the change. Yeah, and keying off the open APIs, I mean, we're not here to be vendors only. We're not here to be just partners or customers. We want to be all three. And I think the lines that used to divide that I think are now blurring and the folks that are exhibiting here, including ourselves, I think call into probably all three categories and just seeing that ecosystem evolve over time, those lines will continue to blur. Gentlemen, thank you both for taking the time to be here. I know you've got a lot of activity going on this week. Good luck with that. And again, we appreciate the time. Thanks so much. Thank you. Great to be here. Kevin, good deal. Back with more here from AWS ReInvent. We are live on theCUBE.