Good health to all from Rexall. 1,000 independent Rexall family druggers. Good evening. This is your Rexall family druggers, taking a little time from behind the prescription counter this Sunday evening to speak for all 10,000 of us. The 10,000 independent druggers who have added the word Rexall to our own store names. You can always tell us by the orange and blue Rexall sign on our windows. The sign means that we carry the 2,000 or more drug products made by the Rexall drug company. They range all the way from aspirin to penicillin and there is fine and pure and dependable as science can make them. We independent druggers recommend them to our customers because we know you can depend on any drug product that bears the name Rexall. Good health to all to the Phil Harris Alice Bay Show. Written by Ray Singer and Dick Chevrolet with Elliot Lewis, Walter Tentley, Robert North, Janine Roos and Whitfield. Walter Sharpen is music. Yours truly, Bill Foreman and starring Alice Faye and Phil. Anything for Alice. He intended to buy her something very nice, but... Well, let's go back two days. Alice and Phil are downtown shopping. Hey Alice, let's go home. I'm tired of looking in shop windows and walking up... Oh, Phil! Just look at that stunning two-piece French bathing suit. Well, I'll look, but I ain't gonna... ooh la la! You like it? Viva la France and Cherché, my fam! All right, take it easy, Father. Simmer down. I just wanted to know how you liked it. I think it's very seductive.  Yeah, maybe I'll stick to my Hawaiian trunks. Well, I thought you might buy it for... well... For who? Oh, I might as well tell you. Sunday is Mother's Day and it would make a wonderful gift. Oh, don't be silly. My mother ain't the type for it. Phil, I was suggesting that you buy it for me. You? Now, wait a minute. I wouldn't let my wife wear one of them things. Why not? Well, it's too scanty. Your... will you allow me to catch cold in it? I'm just thinking of your health there. You need something warmer. Well, then how about buying me that full-length mink coat we saw? That ought to keep me warm. That'd keep you too warm. You'd only perspire and run a temperature. There must be a healthy present he can buy me. Hey, Doc, how about a diamond bracelet? A diamond bracelet? It's fur coats. Take it easy. I don't have that kind of cabbage. Well, if you're a little short, I'll help you out. No, thank you. I have a stipend. Now, let me see. I got 20, 40, 60, 70... Hey, Plot, could you spare five bucks for a guy who needs a curly? Oh, hello, Alice. I didn't recognize you. Wait a minute, Remly. What's the idea of panhandling? Please, I am not panhandling. I happen to be soliciting financial aid for a worthy people. Who? The INLGPNRs. Oh, the inelcapers. Fine race of people. On earth are the INLGPNRs. The Institute for Needy Left-Handed Guitar Players named Remly. Just for you, huh? Alice, he's trying to raise money to pay his bookie. He owes him $134. Curly, you're maligning me. Just trying to raise enough money to send my dear old mom a gift for Mother's Day. Oh, that's sweet, Frankie. What are you going to send her? A shawl, a knitting bag? No, no. I have a sentimental custom. I send her money, a dollar for every year of her life. Oh, now, Frankie, that's a wonderful idea, and I'll lend you the money. How old is your mother? She's 34. Plus interest. Ah, so it is your bookie. I was right the first time.  I didn't forget her. I already sent her something. Did you get something for Alice? No, but I'm going to right now.  All right, honey. See you later. Okay. She's a sweet, hunk of stuff, boy. I sure wish I knew what to get her. Isn't there something she expressed a desire for? Yeah. Yeah, she liked that mint coat in the window there, but it cost $3,000. Well, yeah, if you buy it in a swanky store like that, but not if you buy it wholesale. Well, where can I get it wholesale? I said, I don't know if I want you to answer this or not. I said, where can I get it wholesale? I happen to know a guy. See you later. I don't know this guy personally, but they say he's a reputable furrier. His name is I.J. Grogan. Look at his furs if you don't like him. You don't have to buy him. True. All right, I'll look. Come on, let's go. There's a place in this ritzy neighborhood. Oh, yeah, it's just off the street. Come on, Curly, we turn right in here. Okay, okay. Wait a minute. What are we going up this dark alley for? The store is out of the high rent district. See, it's along here some point. Hey, Fart, do you want to buy a fur coat? Oh, here's Grogan's fur shop, hey, now. He has his fur shop right out here in the open. Yeah, no overhead. Yeah, Mr. Grogan, we're here to look at some mint coats. Well, see you come to the right place. I got a couple hanging right here on the fence. Just feel this fur. Hey, hey, this feels nice and soft and... Frankie, let's get out of here. I've seen this guy in a cowboy hat selling radios all the time. I don't want to do no business up no alley. I want to go to a regular store. Well, now, why don't you say so? Follow me into my shop. You can't say. All in the air through this window. We are where? Yeah. Remly, how do you find these places? Gents, you wanted to buy a good fur coat. Is that right? Yeah. I got one right here. Well, let me see it. Okay. Wait till I turn the lights out. Oh, I've come to the right place now. What's the idea of turning the lights out? It's for your own protection. This coat is so highly glazed, if I leave the lights on, it'll dazzle you. Now, just look at this fur. Look at it, a guy's got to be an owl to buy a coat, and this is all right. Stop horsing around. Shall I wrap this coat up or do you want to wear it? I wouldn't buy a coat in this jeep joint. Come on, Frankie. Yeah, I'm sorry, Grogan. I changed my mind.  I'm going to buy her a diamond bracelet. Diamond bracelet? You've come to the right place. A jewelry department. Now, where do I turn the lights on? Oh, this we get to see with the lights on. Of course.  Hey, just look at this piece here. Now, there's a bracelet any woman would be proud to own. Hey, Curly, this is a beautiful hunk of jewelry. Yeah. Yeah? Looks like the real thing. Yeah. Hey, Grogan, how much you want for this? That's it. I can let you have it for as little as how much you got. $200. So? Not bargain, bud. Oh, yeah. All right. I'll use this beautiful paper here. No, I better wrap it in something else. This is today's racing formula. I haven't read it yet. Have you got the 200? Have I got it? I've got the money right here in my hand. But before I hand it over, are you sure that this is genuine? Looks like good money to me. I need a bracelet. Of course, less than $500. I'll give you your money back. Fair enough. Here. Say, tell me, Grogan, if this is worth $500, how can you afford to sell it to me for $200? That's simple. I eliminate the metal man. Any other man happens to get them away.  What do you know? It's a five o'clock whistle already. Time to go home. I'll just take that $200. Thanks. Wait a minute, Grogan. Frankie, why is he going down that trap door? I guess he has an apartment under the store. Well, now that you've got Alice's present, let's take it home and we'll see. All right, you mugs.  This is a law. Well, if it ain't Seymour Sopina in person. Yeah, old Nick Nightstick himself. You're under arrest for receiving stolen goods. Hand over that bracelet. Peter, will you budge your cluttering up the aisle? Go pound a beat. Hey, why are you... Curly, Curly. Can't talk that way to a cop. Yeah, what are you talking about? He ain't no cop. It's a racket. Grogan sells you the stuff and this guy sticks you up and takes it back. He works with Grogan. He's a confederate. Curly, he can't be a confederate. Why not? He's wearing a blue uniform. Weeping if we're that miserable routine last week. Well, I just thought that I'd get a little yak in here. Let's see how funny it can be down at the station house. Station house? Yeah, that must be the place. All right, come on. Here's what we called you down to headquarters because we have a mug here. It claims to be your husband. Turnkey's bringing him in now. Oh, he can't be my husband. Mr. Harris is downtown shopping. Oh, wait till I see this phony whose masquerading is my husband. I'll tell... Hello, honey. Oh, no. Yes, yes, yes, yes. Hey, Alice, I'm glad you're here. Now you can tell these guys who are... Quiet, you. Mrs. Harris, is this man your husband? Before I answer that, can it be used against me? Honey, will you please tell the man who I am? I want to get out. Sergeant, he is my husband. Oh, my mistake. His mistake, he says. Get into this. Honey, I was buying your mother's day present and I didn't know the guy had stolen goods. Mrs. Harris, if you'll vouch for these men, I'll let them go in your custody. Oh, thank you, Sergeant. And now to show my appreciation, I'd like to do something for you. Here's a couple of tickets to my radio show. Oh, Mr. Harris, you're so good to me. I'm on duty, Sunday. I won't be able to go.  I'd hate to have you miss my song, Sarge. Hey, I'll tell you what, I'll sing it for you right now. Curly, please, not in the police station. You'll get us arrested again. Quiet, Remly. This one Alice does with me. Let's show them, honey. What's your hurry? And father will be pacing the floor. The fireplace roars. So really, I'd say it's scary. Beautiful, please, don't hurry. Well, maybe just a half a drink more. Put some records on while I fold. The neighbors may think. But, baby, it's bad out there. Say, what's in this drink? No cabs to be had out there. I wish I knew how. Your eyes are like starlight now. To break the spell. I'll take your hat, your hair looks swell. I always say no, no, sir. Mind if I move it closer. At least I'm gonna say that I tried. What's the sense of hurting my pride? Oh, baby, don't hold out. Oh, but it's cold out. We must go. But, baby, it's cold outside. The answer is no. It's cold outside. The welcome has been. How lucky that you dropped in. So nice and warm. Look out the window at that storm. My sister will be substantial. My brother will be there at the door. My brother will be there at the door. Waves upon the drop of the show. My maiden aunt's mind is this. Well, maybe just a cigarette. Never such a blessing before. I've got to get home. But, baby, you breeze out there. Say, let me a call. It's up to your knees out there. You've really been great. I'd drill when you touch my hand. But don't you see. How can you do this thing to me? There's bound to be talk tomorrow. At least there will be plenty implied. If you caught pneumonia, I really can't stand. Get over that old doubt. Maybe it's cold. We'll get that $200 back from Grogan so he can buy your Mother's Day present. Frankie's right. I'd rather forget the present. No, no. We won't have any trouble getting the money back. Come on, Curly. Grogan belongs to a very exclusive club. We'll find him there.  But, Phil, please don't get on. I want my money back. Hey, Frankie. Hmm? This is a swanky club. Are you sure Grogan belongs to this?  He must be around somewhere. Oh, there he is. Hey, Grogan. Grogan. Hey, number 297341. Is somebody calling me? There he is. Oh, that's Frankie. She didn't see it. I got arrested for having stolen goods. Uh, arrested? Remly, I'll thank you to get this ex-con out of here. You stole me a hot bracelet. All right, come around tomorrow. I'll send you a fan to cool it off.  Big tadpoles. That's it. If you want your money back, I'll give it to you. Come on in a dining room. I'll get it for you. Yo, Levin, the winner. This is a nice big dining room. Well, tables. Yeah. I wonder why everybody's standing at them tables. Must be Buffett's service. Something to eat. Hey. Let's go over to this table. Yeah. Hey, look at it, really. Hey, this is a cute tablecloth. Green with numbers on it. Good idea. Yeah. And look at the nice, big, lazy Susan. They got in the middle. Yeah, but there ain't much food on it. All he got is one little white meatball spinning around. Curly. Wow. That's a roulette wheel. This is a gambling joint. No. So this is what they look like. Mr. Betsy, what a rude awakening. Yeah, we better get out of here. If we ever got caught in a spark, it's our chance to get away from here. Come on. Come on, yeah, let's beat it. Follow me and don't lose your head, Remly. I'll get you out of this. Oh, I... Will you, Frankie, every time you get excited, your voice goes up to... It's a dame. Oh, that's all we need. Oh. Hey, lady, okay, lady, okay. Calm down. Just come right with us. Right through this door. Well, thank goodness we made it. Nobody's here but the three of us. And little me.  Homer Handcuff. Oh, so it's you two, huh? You guys get around, don't you?  Time it's a mistake. You hear me? Yeah, it always is. Hey, Murph, can I get these people's names from my paper? Yeah, sure, go ahead. Oh, no, reporter. Now, look, Remly, whatever you do, don't give your right name. Tell him you're somebody else. I'm walking to the mirror. What's your name, bud? My name? Julia Soprosio, Mac. And what's your name, mister? Phil Harris. That's such a beautiful kid's walk. She's incarcerated. Oh, hello. Is your house again? Oh, Alice, thank goodness you showed up. I've been trying to tell that sergeant that I'm innocent and I want to get out of here. You just showed on Babyface the gang's mouthpiece. I'll have you out in no time. Oh, so you're the leader of a band? Well, they just happen to be lousy musicians. Is this Phil Harris the radio comedian or is he public enemy number one? This man, your husband, is he a crook?  Husband, he's not guilty of any crime and if you release him in my custody, I'll be responsible. Okay, but this time keep him out of trouble. Get out of here, Harris. And turnkey, throw that Remly character out, too. Come along, Phil. And this time we're going right home. No, we're not. We are not going home. I'm just soaring up. We're not going until I get that money back from Grogan so I can buy you a Mother's Day present. Phil, please stay away from that man. Not gonna stay away from that man. Please.  Now I'm not gonna get in any trouble there. Remly knows where he lives.  Yes, it's me. Oh, thank goodness. Did you get the 200 from Grogan? Yeah, I got it. And I went downtown and bought you a Mother's Day present with it. Oh, Phil, I can't wait to see it. When will you be home? Just a minute. Hey, Sarge, how long do you think I'll be here? Yes, dear. What for now? Passing counterfeit money. Alison Phil will be back in just a moment. But first, here's your Rexall family drug. Recently a customer asked me for an example of Rexall quality that she could see with her own eyes. I told her one example like that is the label on a Rexall drug product and she came back with... But every drug product has a label. Yes, ma'am, that's true, but let's take a look at this Rexall label for a minute. See these three different sets of numbers? One here in this corner, one over here and one up here? Yeah. You've probably never noticed them before, but each one means that certain important steps in the preparation of this product have been carefully done and thoroughly checked. For instance, this one here is the product's code number and tells the tested formula by which it was compounded. This one here is the control number, which was assigned to the complete case history that has been kept on this product through every step of its manufacture. And this one here? That's the identification of the label itself. And it means that the label has been carefully checked for the proper directions and is the right one for this particular product. And I've always looked on a label as just a piece of paper with the name of the product. Well, ma'am, those pieces of paper are handled like currency in a bank. They're placed in a locked room until the labeling process begins. Then a certain amount is counted out very carefully, and after the labeling run, every one of them is again counted and checked against the number of bottles or packages labeled. Naturally, the two have to balance. Well, that is evidence I can see for myself. Yes, ma'am, evidence of the painstaking care and accuracy that go into the preparation of all of the 2,000 or more drug products made by the Rexall Drug Company. When you remember things like this, you understand why some 10,000 independent Rexall drugists tell you you can depend on any drug product that bears the name Rexall. Good health to you all from Rexall. Alice, I'm sorry I didn't get you anything for Mother's Day. I didn't get my money back from Grogan and... Oh, that's all right, Phil. You don't have to get me anything. But I want to. Well, if you insist, okay. But don't spend too much money getting something inexpensive. Like what? Well, I could use something to get around town in. How about a Cadillac convertible, darling? Or would you rather buy me a Lincoln Continental, sweetheart? Take roller skates and call me Stinky. This is Bill Foreman wishing good health to you all from Rexall. This is NBC, the national broadcasting company.


Last night at a Cleveland Cavaliers game, there were hecklers in the stands with a sign that said, LeBron won Kuzma a ring.  But after the game and after his interview, he went over to the people with the sign and this is what he did. And here's it signed. However, their sign is not wrong, he would not have a ring without LeBron.


We don't have to get fired up. What do you mean? Yes, you do. You got to give it, man.  Let's go. No, but what's the difference? The difference is you. The difference is the way your company operates.  You came out to buy a piece of machinery and somebody who was going to service it and take care of you the entire time you're going to own it. How much money is this machine going to generate? A lot, am I right? Yes or no? Okay, so do you want to do business with somebody that's going to back you and be there for the servicing of this machine and it's going to be different? Dude, transactional and relationship are two different kinds of freaking transactions. Over there at Kubota, yeah, they'll take your money and they may even have one in stock. Everybody knows that cat's worth all the money. Everybody know the reselling cat is higher than a Kubota. Everybody does. Kubotas hadn't been out as long as cats have been around. Am I right? Okay, so you want a fly-by-night company? You want something newer in the market? You want something that's been around that's been tested? That's strong. Listen, my name's Andy Elliott. I can't speak for any other company around, but I can speak for a cat. You came here first. Okay, you didn't want seconds. If you wanted seconds, you would have came here second. You came here first because you wanted cat. Is the juice worth the squeeze to buckle down and wait six months to get the machine that's going to make you millions? Is the juice worth the squeeze to do and to do some business with somebody like me that's a professional? Hey, I'm hoping it comes in earlier. Guess what? These cats are getting more expensive every year and the Kubotas are staying cheaper. You know what that means? Value. These things are going through the roof. When you're done with these machines, you may keep them on the property forever or you made them trade them back in or sell them. Am I right? Your money's going to go further with the cat and it's going to last longer. And I'm not anywhere else. There's only one of me.


Everybody Matt here for late in sports cards ripping 2022 Panini one football hobby. This is 10 box break number three pick your team We have Anthony G. Dolphins Bob C. Patriots Chris B. Chargers Dane B. Colts Dan B. Vikings Daniel E. Bucks Danny P. Packers David G. Giants David D. Cowboys Derwood B. Raiders Edward P. Rams Jason A. Ravens Bills Panthers chiefs Titans Bengals commanders Jaco Y Seahawks Jeff G. Texans Lou H. Jets Mark S. Broncos Robert R. Bears Rodney H. Falcons Ryan P Browns Scott O. Steeler Spencer D. Jags Timothy F. Cardinals T tong Niners Will M. Saints Will W Eagles and William N. Lyons. All right, let's do it. I Didn't see your question. Oh Yeah, of course if you hit a big card Nice start that is Falcons formula one dual patch auto silver Michael Vick This is five of 49. It's Michael Vick the Falcons Are still available in number four the Falcons have hit in every break so far Cardinals Falcons Bengals Browns chiefs Niners Seahawks and commanders. I Think that was seven. I'm gonna call it seven Falcons again, that is formula one rookie dual patch auto silver Drake London Like I said Falcons 32 of 49 Falcons have hit Ritter London twice and a Vic out of 22 boxes so far All right, that's number three that is jets rookie patch auto 34 of 49 sauce Gardner you go third sauce of the day already. I'm warmed up now This is Niners rookie patch auto 23 of 99 Tyrian Davis price. Oh Niners on the board. That's number five. We have eight eleven and eleven to go Was that 30 spots left for the day? That is all Niners again one-man show auto 15 of 20 George Kittle No, not yet.  This is jets rookie patch auto 23 of 49 Breeze Hall One-man gang Nope, not one-man gang Breeze Hall jets Yeah jets and Falcons been all over these I actually traveled with him to me This is Packers rookie patch auto 98 of 199 Romeo Dobbs Yeah, not every team's gonna hit in the 10 box break. That is Colts rookie patch auto 156 of 199 Alec Pierce What's up, Dan? How's it going? All right two boxes to go That is Colts rookie dual patch auto two of five Alec Pierce Back to back on the Pierce and not the best mix here in this 10 boxer, but Let's finish with a big hit here Yeah, I mean it was a nice low numbered RPA just this is Jags rookie patch auto 126 of 199 Travon Walker Well, the first half of this case here number three Wasn't the best. Hopefully that means a Ridiculously good case or half case and number four But you know, let's do a recap. Sorry, we should have been some better stuff in there It's a nice hits though. We had Jags rookie patch auto to 199 Travon Walker. I think after the first two it's just Not as not as big, you know Colts rookie dual patch auto to five Alec Pierce Colts rookie patch auto to 199 Alec Pierce Packers rookie patch auto to 199 Romeo Dobbs Jets rookie patch auto to 49 Breeze Hall. That is Niners one-man show auto to 20 George Kittle Niners rookie patch auto to 99 Tyreon Davis Price. That is Jets rookie patch auto to 49 Sauce Gardner Falcons formula one rookie dual patch auto drape London That was to 49 and Falcons dual patch auto formula one Michael Vick to 49 That'll do it for the break. Thank you everybody. We have number four up next


Thanks for being with us post game here Bobby Tross it alongside Stevenson head coach Kathy Rayleigh and coach well, what's on your mind most after that one? Yeah, I just can't figure out why we're not Playing games like we practice we practice at full speed It's exciting to watch and then we get to a game in this game I thought we started off really exciting we were causing turnovers and then you know We're just not finishing today, and we had the same issue against Salisbury with the same issue against Gettysburg We're just not finishing then it turns into we're playing too much defense and when you play too much defense that really really sets you back You know if we can continue moving forward and executing the game plan because I do believe we have a good game plan And we're real creative off of that. I don't think there are going to be many teams that can stop us Currently we're struggling with the draw so and and the clear as well, but the draw in particular so We're gonna work really hard to try to figure out what our best combinations are in that spot How can you make sense of the the middle part of the field when it comes to lack of polish with some of the clearing and Transition game well, we have a lot of people who who are running the ball up the field with their heads down There are open people and we're just not hitting them And I'm not really sure why that is We're have you know we have a lot of younger people that we're working into that box transition So we're we're definitely suffering a little there about where to go and how to pop back to the ball You know I wish I had an answer for you. I just I just know that there is very little Ball move if we go back we do a really good job if we try to fast break We run right into three people and we we seem to be surprised every time we run into three people So the efforts there The strategy is not so if we can combine the effort with the strategy I think that that things will really open up in transition and now it's time to turn a page quickly for st John Fisher. Yeah, oh absolutely st John Fisher is an amazing team and if we do not change things by then, you know We're just gonna keep seeing the same result. You can't win lacrosse games without scoring 15 16 goals You just can't so we've got a score more We've got to get more draw opportunities so that we can get or attack the ball more and We have to transition so that our attack can get the ball and some of that is you know The attack is gonna have to start coming back for it. All right coach. Thanks for your time. Thanks. Have a good rest of the week Thank you


and welcome to today's lecture on storage technology. We have already discussed about cache memory, main memory which are used as memory devices of a computer system. And if you look at the hierarchical memory organization, particularly the virtual memory system that you have discussed in the last couple of lectures, you will find that secondary storage is the last component in that hierarchical memory organization. And storage technology provides that secondary storage and so our discussion will not be complete without considering storage technology. We shall discuss about different types of devices which are used in secondary storage like magnetic disks, optical disks, magnetic tapes, flash memories and nowadays solid state disks. And in another lecture, we shall discuss about how we can improve the reliability by discussing multiple disks together and different red levels, red level 0 to 66. And today let us primarily focus on the different types of technologies used to build secondary storage. So, magnetic disks were introduced back in 1965 and perhaps surprisingly they are still ubiquitous hard drives. So, if you look at any computer system, you will find hard disk is always present and that is become ubiquitous with the computer systems. And this is the bread and butter of storage in desktop and server systems. So, without magnetic disks, no computer system can be built or we cannot see nowadays and magnetic disks are used for long term storage, non-volatile storage for data, non-volatile means when even when the power is removed information will be retained. And this has already provided the additional level of memory hierarchy through virtual memory system that we have already discussed. So, these are the different features of magnetic disks. Number one as I said it is non-volatile, disk storage is non-volatile and it consists of a collection of platters. So, platters means different disks you can say with two surfaces and each platter has magnetic material on both sides. So, you can say this is a platter circular disk and magnetic material is deposited on both sides. As a consequence, the total number of recordable surfaces is 2 into number of platters. So, number of platters that you are having will decide how much memory you can how much information you can store instruction or data whatever it may be. And the platter size is I mean the diameter is in the range of 3 to 4 inches smaller sizes are also available. But this is the common size 3 to 4 inches normally 3.5 inches is the diameter of the magnetic disks and bigger sizes can be used for performance and smaller for cost. So, smaller the diameter it will be cheaper and larger the diameter it will provide you better performance. And the rotational speed is in the range of 3.6 K that means 36000 revolutions per minute to 15000 revolutions per minute and actually the performance is gradually improving. And this is a magnetic disk as you can see you have read write heads these are the read write heads and each of them is representing a platter and as you can see each plate is having two sides that means 1 and 2 corresponds to two sides of platter 1, 3 and 4 corresponds to two sides of platter 2, 5 and 6 corresponds to the two sides of platter 3 and so on. Of course, the last platter you cannot really access the bottom side that is why only 11 surface is shown 12th surface is not accessible. So, this is how I mean magnetic disk is organized you have got a number of such platters providing you 2 into number of platters that is the number of surfaces available. And the way information is written on magnetic disk is shown in this particular diagram this is that disk surface which rotates at a particular speed which you have seen it rotates and it is that disk is placed just under a read write head. So, this is that read write head there is a coil that is an electromagnet that means if current passes through it will be magnetized in a particular direction and because of that magnetization the iron particles will get oriented in a particular way depending on the current flowing in that electromagnet direction of the current flowing in that electromagnet. For example, before the disk surface comes under the comes under the electromagnet you can see the iron particles are half a jadley distributed there is no orientation of the iron particles. However, as it passes through the read write head the iron particles gets oriented in a particular way depending on the current direction. So, this is the current direction now so bit 0 is written and disk is moving in that direction. Similarly, bit 1 is written when current passes in the opposite direction so in this particular case current is passing in the opposite direction so bit 1 is written. So, in this way as the medium rotates the head can writes data on the surface it can write bit 1 bit 0 and so on one after the other on the disk surface reading can be done in a similar way. In such a case what happens the as the disk moves under the I mean already written data moves under the surface it induces current in this coil and depending on the direction of the current in this coil you can read 0 or 1. So, this is how reading and writing takes place on the magnetic surface with the help of a read write coil by placing it on top of the magnetic surface. So, one point you should note at this young here at this point you can see the read write head is coming in physical contact with the magnetic surface as a consequence there is wear and tear. So, there will be wear and tear because that magnetic surface is coming in close contact here for example, this is the electromagnet. So, it will become in physical contact as a consequence the magnetic material will get eroded with time that is the reason why the life of a magnetic disk is not very long. So, this is how reading and writing takes place there is a concept called formatting to make the read the disk I mean to for storing information on the disk a technique known as formatting is used that means before a magnetic disk is used for storing data it is formatted and formatting is a process that maps the disk surface and determines how data can be written. So, this surface is earlier it is a I mean it is a without any demarcation about where you can store data which part has to be kept free, but as it is formatted then it identifies on which particular area you can store data and in which particular area you have to keep blank and you have to keep gap. So, during formatting each platter is divided into tracks and around the disk surface. So, you will find there are tracks so it will be this is one track a circular ring this is another track. So, in this way up to certain I mean certain distance up closer to the centre the writing can be done. So, in this way this is the track 0 and this will be the track say n. So, you can have n tracks n plus 1 tracks if it is n minus 1 there will be n tracks on the surface and the number of tracks is increasing with the advancement of technology as you can see it can vary from 10 k to 15 k tracks per surface. On a single surface you can have 10,000 to 50,000 tracks so quite a large number of surface I mean tracks you can have on the magnetic surface actually that depends on the resolution of the redried head smaller it is it can store on a smaller area of the surface. And each track is divided into sectors so suppose this is one track and this track is divided into a number of sectors so this is one sector this is another sector this is another sector this is another sector. So, in this way you have a number of logical sectors so you are dividing into a number of sectors and the total number of sectors per track can vary from 100 to 500 so you can have 100 to 500 sectors per track and a sector is the smallest unit that can be accessed that means whenever you are reading data from disk or writing data into the disk so the minimum unit that you can access is a sector that means a sector can be read or more than one sector can be read so multiple of sectors can be read and on a single sector you can have 512 bytes to 4 k bytes of data per sector so this is the typical value the number of bytes that you can store on a sector varies from 512 bytes to 4 k bytes. So, this gives you some information about a disk and here a formatted disk is shown you can see this is a disk surface shown and as I said that outer track is the 0th track so this is the 0th track and 0th track is divided into a number of sectors 0, 1, 2, 3 so in this particular example there are 18 sectors per track and the number of sectors on each track is same irrespective of whether it is closer to the center or that means it is same in the 0th track and the nth track that means number of sectors per track is identical so you can see various sectors on different tracks are shown so this is how logically a disk surface is I mean used and where you can store information so this part the central part is used for holding this disk on the disk system because you have to firmly hold it so that it can be rotated at a particular speed and there are four areas defined at the time of formatting that operating system creates four areas on the surface number one area is known as the boot sector so it stores the master boot record a small program that runs when you first start the computer that means normally you know whenever you put a disk and start the computer the boot sector is read and boot sector is used for the purpose of I mean bringing the system up second is your file allocation table so that is a log that records each files location and each sector status that means so far as the so far a programmer is concerned he is concerned about files he stored different files and these files are to be mapped to different tracks and different sectors of a track that mapping is done that information is stored in this file allocation table or fat then third area is root folder it enables the user to store data on the disk in a logical way and finally you have got data area it is the portion of the disk that is that actually holds data so you can say those boot sector file allocation table root folder these are overhead only area where information data can be stored is the data area as you can see in this diagram different areas are shown so that boot sector is that green portion is the boot sector then is that file allocation table fat that red track and that file allocation table is duplicated for the purpose of I mean higher redundancy so there are two file allocation tables stored as you can see two fat copy one fat copy two then root directory that blue circle blue track is showing the so you have started in this way first the boot sector then the fat then the second copy of the fat then it goes to the second track where you are storing the root directory root directory is being stored root directory is stored so these are the components which is essentially overhead and information is stored only in this part of the disk now in the past all tracks had the same number of sectors as I have already mentioned and this made it easier to implement means for instance reading a sector on a track required the same angle of allocation so earlier what was being done as you have seen this is the track closer to the center and this is another track which is at the outmost layer of the disk so this is the disk so we have seen that you have you are dividing into a sector so for the so this is one sector this is one another sector and this is one sector you can see that length of this which is away from the center is more than the length of this part where which is closer to the center so the bit density is different in different tracks as you go away from the center the bit density is smaller compared to the bit density which is on the track which is closer to the center so that is because of this particular technique where all tracks have the same number of sectors so this meant that bit density was lower on the outer tracks than that of the inner tracks as I have mentioned now subsequently with the introduction of zone bit recording varying number of sectors per track can be used so this is the this is one innovation which was used to increase the capacity of a disk so capacity expressed as the area density measured in bits per square inch is improving so area density is essentially area density which is representative of the capacity per unit area I mean unit inch that is actually tracks per surface on a disk into bits per inch on a track so this gives you the parameter area density and actually it specifies the number of bits that you can store per unit area and this is improving over time as you can see in the starting from the year 1988 to 1996 the increase in area density was 29 percent then from 1996 to 2003 the improvement was 60 percent per year and from 2003 onwards to recent years it is 100 percent per year that means every year the area density was doubling so you can see it is even I mean better than the Moore's law however currently the rate of increase has dropped and it is only 29 percent per year that this is the rate at which the area density is increasing so you can see whenever you are using this type of innovations like zone bit recording and so on you are able to increase the capacity of a disk and the rate of improvement is quite high as you can see now how you are performing reading and writing so there is an arm with a read write head for each recorded surface so there is a separate read write head you can see this is shown here separate read write head which is available for each surface so all heads on the same track on all surfaces so what is what happens that all the heads move together so that means what happens your read write head if this is the read write head if it is pointing to track number 0 so it can move in this direction track sorry track number 0 is this one track 0 track 1 in this way it can move with the help of motor that is called stepper motor with the help of a stepper motor the read write head is positioned on different tracks of a surface and this read write head assembly you can say all the heads on different surfaces move together so if you have got say n platters you will be having a 2n read write heads all will move together on different surfaces of course you may say 2n minus 1 because the last platter which is at the bottom will not have one surface will not be available so you will be having 2n minus 1 read write heads which will be reading and writing on the surface now those set of tracks is called cylinder what is a cylinder actually the concept of cylinder is coming in this way suppose this is one platter then at the bottom is there is another platter then there is another platter then there is another platter in this way you have got large number of platters now let us consider the read write head is positioned to track number i so track number of i of this platter on both surfaces then the track number of i of the other platter on the same track so all will form a kind of cylinder so essentially you can read from this particular track of this particular platter and for this platter also you can read together so these are forming a kind of cylinder so that is why the concept of cylinder has come in because different tracks on different plates is forming a kind of cylinder so to read write a sector the discontroller sends a command that causes the arm to move over the proper track so this operation is called seek so there are different type of times you will encounter the first one is known as the seek time what is seek time seek time is the time to position a read write head on a particular track so initially you know that read write head can be arbitrarily positioned then it is then read write head is withdrawn and whenever it reaches 0th track from there it starts moving towards other tracks with the help of that stepper motor so seek time is the time required for positioning time required to position on a particular track then the seek time is one of the important performance measures for magnetic discs since it is a very important performance measure there is confusion about its definition so people will specify about minimum seek time maximum seek time average seek time so people will get confused which one you have to take because minimum seek time means the minimum amount of time if the head write is very close to the 0th track then seek time will be small if it is very close to the center then you have to take it back towards the 0th track and the seek time will be longer so that is the reason why minimum seek time maximum seek time and average seek time these are recorded these are reported the first two are easy to measure because it depends on the actual position of the read write head at a particular position so here as you can see the read write head is here so you have to move to the 0th track so this is the 0th track and this is the nth track so then it will take longer time when on the other hand if the read write head is at the 0th track then the seek time will be smaller so average seek time is computed over all possible six so you can the read write head can be at any on any one of the tracks of the end tracks and as a consequence you have to take the average of them so the seek time can vary between 5 millisecond to 15 millisecond these days nowadays the improve in spite of the improvements it is of the order of millisecond because mechanical motor is involved in the process of I mean pressing a read write head on a particular track and that is the reason why it the values I mean varying between 5 millisecond to 15 millisecond and obviously this time is a very long time for a CPU you know nowadays processors are operating at the rate of few gigahertz so you can see this 15 millisecond or even 5 millisecond is too long a time so for example for 5 gigahertz CPU 5 millisecond means 20 million clock cycles so just for positioning the track positioning the read write head on a particular track you will take 20 million clock cycles that is too long a time so an applications is lower seek time due to locality of course although this is the I mean worst case time you can say but in practice because of the principle of locality actual seek time will be much lower it has been reported that the actual seek time is about 30 percent of the specified seek time so computing seek time is not straight forward but the arm speed is not constant another very important parameter is the read write head I mean which is holding the read write head is hold by arm this is called arm that arm speed of that arm is not constant so it is speeds up and slows down because in the beginning it will be having slow speed then you know just like you know you are driving a car initially speed will be low then the speed will it will pick up then as you try to stop it it will slow down so it is a motor so the arm may stop to reduce the vibration so it may be allowed to stop without giving power so that the vibration is not present and another parameter is rotational latency so first parameter is seek time second is rotational latency what is rotational latency we have seen that seek time is the time required to position a read write head on a particular track now you have to place it on a particular sector because that that file I mean which is mapping to tracks and sectors in terms of tracks and sectors to read data you have to position not only on a track you have to position on a particular sector so on a particular track you have to bring your read write head on a particular sector so that is actually decided by the rotational latency and average rotation time is roughly half of the worst case time that is your 0.5 by 10000 rpm if you see the speed is 10000 rpm so that is roughly equal to 3 millisecond so you can see rotational latency is of the order of 3 millisecond so we may say that this is of the order of 3 millisecond and this can vary from 5 millisecond to less so it may be 5 millisecond or 4 millisecond like that now comes the another parameter that is your transfer time so the time to transfer a sector from the magnetic material to the head so that means you have position a read write head on a particular sector now you have to read it that read write head will read it and transfer it to the through that through the from the there is a controller through the controller it will send to the processor so the transfer time is the time to transfer a sector from the magnetic material to the head and it depends on the sector size disc size rotation speed width density speed of the electronics at the head and the disc controller so you can see this transfer time is dependent on a number of parameters and these parameters will decide the transfer time and typical value is in the range of 40 to 120 megabits per second so this is the speed at which the data transfer will take place after the read write head has been positioned on a particular track and then on a particular sector and after that this is the rate at which data transfer will take place from the read write head to the processor so you can say that average access time then your transfer time so there are three components and you can say that average disc access time it has got several components one is average seek time plus average rotational delay plus transfer time and there is some overhead because of the controller controller is holding some electronics and that controller will take some time to transfer the data to the CPU so this is the average disc access time comprising four components average seek time average rotational delay transfer time plus controller overhead so you have to take into account all these four components whenever you find out they try to calculate the average disc access time. So, let us consider an example to crystallize the idea let us assume that average seek time is 5 millisecond rotational species is 10000 revolutions per minute number of bytes per sector is 512 number of sectors per track is 500 transfer rate is 50 megabits per second and controller megabytes per second everything is specified in terms of bytes and controller overhead is quite small 0.01 millisecond now considering I mean with the help of this parameters you can calculate what is the time required to transfer a file from the disc to a processor so question is what is the time to read a file consisting of 2500 sectors. So, let us try to calculate this so we can calculate in this way time to read the first track so that it will vary from track to track so after it has been positioned on the first track then subsequent tracks can be easily accessed because seek time will be 0 for other tracks so that is why time to read the first track is separately considered that will consist of 5 millisecond assuming that seek time is 5 millisecond then the rotational delay is 3 millisecond then the time to read say 500 sectors we know we have seen that there are 500 sectors per track and to calculate to time required to transfer 500 sectors will be even calculate it and you will find that it is again 5 millisecond and then you have got that controller overhead which is 0.1 millisecond so this is the total time that will read the first track comprising 500 sectors and this is equal to 13.1 10 13.1 millisecond. Now you have other four tracks so time to read the second track second and subsequent tracks you can say will be equal to this will no longer be present so this will be equal to 3 millisecond plus 5 millisecond plus 0.1 millisecond so that means this will be equal to 8.1 millisecond so total time to transfer 2500 sectors will be equal to 13.1 plus 8.1 4 into 8.1 because you have to read 5 tracks so 2500 tracks I mean 2500 sectors and 500 sectors per track so you have to read 5 tracks so first track will take time required will be 13.1 millisecond remaining each track will require transfer of data from each track will require 8.1 so it will be 4 into 8.1 for the remaining 4 tracks so total time will be equal to 45.5 millisecond so this is how you can find out the access time for different situations. Now we shall focus on one very important aspect that you can exploit that is the locality of reference often an application reads consecutive sectors you see although a particular file can map to different tracks and different sectors but usually a particular file is stored in consecutive sectors of a particular track so that locality can be exploited special locality and that special locality can be exploited and the technique that is used is known as read ahead so most hard drives used uses read ahead so what is this the disk has a buffer that stores sectors after one just read that means we have seen that whenever a disk is accessed minimum unit of access is one sector normally one sector will be transferred then it will read another sector and so on but what you are doing in this particular case you are not only reading one sector you are reading another sector you are reading ahead and this can be as large as 4 megabytes and it can be that buffer can be as large as 4 megabytes where you can store subsequent sectors and it is just a cache of sectors so we have already discussed about the use of cache memory so it is acting as some kind of cache memory a buffer where you are reading some additional sectors and storing the information of those additional sectors so this can also store sectors that need to be written or to the disk. So in this here not only reading you can also do it for writing purpose that means you will be writing into the buffer then you will be transferring to the disk so both for reading and writing you can use this concept of read ahead which is akin to the concept of cache memory in the context of main memory system so transfers to and from the buffer are at times restricted by the speed of the IO bus so here you know a particular around we should discuss about that a computer system will have several buses one is CPU memory bus which is the fastest that means the CPU transfers data with the CPU another is CPU IO bus so it is like this so here let us assume you have got CPU and there is a bus and this is the CPU memory bus to which the cache memory and main memory systems are connected so this is your cache memory and this is your main memory. Now another bus you can have that is provided by with the help of a IO controller and this will provide another bus known as IO bus so this IO bus is relatively smaller I mean slower compared to the CPU memory bus because the rate of transfer of data that takes place to this IO bus is I mean is normally slower IO devices are connected through the IO bus and as you can see here the data rate can be 300 megabytes per second so compared to few gigabytes per second here the speed is 300 megabytes per second it is in the bus mode bus mode means you are transferring all the data together 4 megabytes you are sending one after the other not you are not reading one sector then another sector another sector it is already available in the buffer and from the buffer all the data is transferred in the bus mode so this is how you can exploit the locality with the help of this read ahead concept. So this gives you the trend for bus drivers I mean disk drives you can see here three parameters shown that yellow line corresponds to shipments in PB so the volume is increasing at a very high rate the second the pink line corresponds to cells in billions so you can see one very important feature I mean aspect or point you must note here you can see although the shipment is larger shipment is increasing because of the drop in price the cells in billions has remained same that means the money that is the transaction of money that is actually taking place is more or less constant over the years that means the volume is increasing price is declining actual amount that is being that involved money that is involved cells in billions of dollars that is remaining more or less constant. So for disk drives one PB corresponds to 1000 terabyte one terabyte corresponds to 1000 megabyte and one megabyte corresponds to 10 to the power 6 byte so you can see we are considering very large numbers large volume you can say which is stated in terms of PB and not in terms of terabyte or megabyte so this is the trend of disk drives and this trend has remained more or less same over the years. Now we shall switch gear and consider another type of disk so far we have considered magnetic disks now we shall focus on optical disks so many new technologies have evolved over the years particularly but they have not become successful commercially but this optical disk is the one of the challengers to magnetic disk is the optical disk which has become quite successful commercially so optical disks are quite successful an optical disk is a high capacity storage medium an optical drive uses reflected light to read data so here reading and writing is taking place with the help of light instead of putting the read write head on top of the magnetic surface here you are doing the reading and writing with the help of light as a consequence wear and tear does not exist we have seen whenever you put the read write head and top of the magnetic surface and when it rotates there is a wear and tear which does not exist whenever you do the reading and writing with the help of light so to store data the disk metal surface is covered with some tiny dents known as pits and flat spots known as lands so you have got two types of areas pits and lands which cause light to be reflected differently so you are trying to read with the help of light and depending on where it is I mean from where it is getting reflected from if it is on pits it will reflect in one way if it is on lands it will reflect in another way so when an optical drive signs light into a pit the light cannot be reflected back as we shall see within the next diagram this represents a 0 bit value and a land reflects light back to the source representing a one value so this is shown with the help of this diagram so in this particular here as you can see this is the light source laser source so which is falling on the land so which is representing one since it is falling on a flat surface it is reflecting the light and then there is a prism which drivers it which I mean there is a total internal reflection and then it goes through a sensor and that sensor converts it to light to electrical signal and you go get a one so this is how you get a one on the other hand whenever the light is falling on a pit which is representing bit 0 then what is happening the light is getting scattered in all directions so it is not getting reflected like the previous case and in the consequence there is no light present that no light will pass through the sensor so it is the absence of any signal light signal is considered at 0 this is how a 1 and 0 can be read from the optical discs so in pieces the most commonly used optical storage technology is called the compact disc or read only memory that is your CD ROM so a standard CD ROM disc can store up to 650 megabyte of data or about 70 minutes of audio nowadays because of the popularity of music and also the popularity of CD ROM these two has become very it has become very common to store music on CD ROM so that is why you know instead of megabyte you are also stating in terms of time that is the amount of audio signal or music that you can store 70 minutes of audio so once data is written into a standard CD ROM disc the data cannot be altered or overwritten so this is one characteristics of the CD ROM that means this writing this writing is cannot be modified so some kind of burning has taken place in certain areas so with the help of some special device these pits and lands are created and it is permanent that is why it is called CD ROM compact disc ROM ROM stands for read only memory you cannot do the writing so early CD ROM drives were of single speed and read data at a rate of 150 kilobits per second hard disk transfer data is about 5 to 15 megabytes per second so you can see there is a significant difference in the rate of transfer of data so I mean CD ROMs are much smaller compared to hard disk in terms of data transfer rate and CD ROM drives now can transfer data at the rate speed of about 7800 kilobits per second and data transfer speeds are getting faster and faster with time and CD ROM is typically used to store software programs so whenever you buy a software and it is permanently stored in the CD ROM and that is delivered to you on the other hand CDs can store and CDs can store audio and video data as well as text and program instructions so different types of information can be stored in CD ROMs then another variation is known as DVD ROM DVD stands for digital version video disk so DVD RAM stands for digital video disk read only memory and it is and is being used in place of CD ROM in many new pieces so nowadays this is also has become very popular and standard DVD disks can store up to 9.4 gigabytes of data enough to store an entire movie so you can store an entire movie into it and dual layer DVD disk can store up to 17 gigabytes so DVD disk can store as much data because both sides of the disk are used along with sophisticated data compression technique so in case of CD ROM we have seen the capacity is much smaller but in case of DVD we are using some sophisticated technique by which you are also doing data compression to store more data and that is the reason why the storage capacity is much higher and then another variation is there CD recordable CD recordable means you can write only once so with the help of a special device you can do the writing only once so drive allows recording personal CDs you can create your personal CDs and conventionally which you use that is CD recordable CDR but data cannot be overwritten once it is recorded on the data or to the disk so this is the most common type of disk we encounter there is another type of DVD ROM or CD you can say CD re-writeable so this variety is very costly and not very commercially successful so CD re-writeable drive allows recording of CD of a CD re-recording of a CD you can write read just like your it may consider it as CD read write CD RAM then write new data over already recorded data so this gives you shows you different varieties optical compact disk digital video disk DVDs 4.7 inch diameter so one new technique that is used here is instead of constant angular velocity optical disk uses constant linear velocity so earlier we have seen that angular velocity is small because you know the so when the read write head is here the time that is required to read for this part is same as this part so angular velocity is same but now what is being done in case of CD ROM you will be so this is the center and it is written in this manner in the form of a spiral so here since you are storing in the form of a spiral so this is one particular sector this is another sector this is another sector and so on so that is and you are reading using of constant linear velocity so you have got constant linear velocity of reading you are here time to read this part and this part is same so this is your constant linear velocity so CD RAM uses this constant linear velocity and there are different kinds of read only memory CDs are 0.6 gigabytes DVDs 4.7 gigabytes these are very common also double sided DVDs are available we have already discussed about CDR CDRW then DVDR and DVDR RAM so difference between CDR and CDRW is in case of CDR you can write only once in case of CDRW you can write many times then comes the magnetic tapes this is as old as the magnetic disc technology much more it has got much more storage space very long access time so you can see here on a it is in the form of a tape just like your audio tapes so on a single tape you are it is having a number of tracks track one track two track three track nine so you can transfer parallely a number of bits different bits so nine bits you can transfer parallely whenever you are reading from a tape and unfortunately it has got very long access time because you are reading sequentially you have to start from one end and then you have to go ahead just like your audio tapes and in magnet since it is made of magnetic material it wear outs very quickly because of physical contact of the read write head and primarily these magnetic tapes were used for archival purposes so in the early years in our computer center we had large number of magnetic tapes where all the various programs and data were to be stored in magnetic tapes and primarily they are used in archival purposes so with this let us come to the end of today's lecture so in my next lecture we shall discuss about some other alternatives because magnetic tapes are becoming increasingly I mean becoming outdated and new technologies are coming in which I shall discuss in my next lecture thank you.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here should actually be talking about WWE in this video here today I put out a post a couple days ago saying that if Bray Wyatt returned I would make a video and after a week's of speculation and obvious I would say confirmation from the misdirect attempts from WWE the white rabbit mystery has been solved and Windham Rotunda aka Bray Wyatt has indeed returned to the company now I will say that this was one of the best returns I've seen in recent memory in terms of just the crowd pop That was such a good thing to hear for this man after everything he had been through with the other administration and the fact that he had the Mental fortitude I would say to come back and try this out once again I hope this works out for him because he is one of the most creative wrestlers today and he deserved that pop I'm glad that that's the reaction that he got and I'm glad that they did it the way that they did how they Closed out extreme rules 2022 with the return of Bray Wyatt So that the way that they were playing with you to make you think that it was gonna go off the air What out revealing the white rabbit after they had already confirmed on the night before on smackdown that we were gonna find out the identity of white rabbit I mean we even heard like we want Wyatt chance throughout the night And again the way they faked you out think that it was gonna go off the air without the reveal after the Riddle and Rollins match so after that match the outro card came up But shortly after the lights went out the fireflies came out and he's got the whole world in his hands played on a loop while While we continue to just shoot over to individuals dressed as a firefight funhouse crew You had I think Abby the witch rambling rabbit I think husk is the pig and we even sealed the return with the fiend mask appearing on the commentary table So it was like a literal horror film almost I would say in like a five nights at Freddy had come to extreme rules And what was fascinating about this was there were reports of a fiend movie I believe being pitched for Wyatt a while back I'll say this if Bray is able to flex the creativity We know he has under this new administration that I'm all for a fiend movie now He did not return as the fiend was no was very disappointing to a lot of people But during this whole return this last sequence of extreme rules 2022 Wyatt eventually made himself known at the pay-per-view by walking through a door carrying him carrying his signature lantern Before he blew it out now the mask. He was wearing. I've seen people People make this reference and I was thinking the same thing Scott Derrickson If you saw that I'm curious it was Bray Wyatt a fan of the black phone Not that it was the exact same But I think of Bray Wyatt might be a fan of the black phone and a fan of that grabber character So I'm so happy that this man is back because the old cancer is now gone I can only imagine what Triple H will allow him to do I believe at one point Fightful had reported that Vince McMahon's opinion of Bray Wyatt changed towards the end Of his time with them like back in 2021 when he was released around July McMahon allegedly didn't like that Wyatt was too outspoken about the creative team Which truthfully isn't hard to believe Previous reports also mentioned that Wyatt reportedly didn't appreciate the team's ideas regarding his Originally planned return which we know was then canceled because of his release McMahon reportedly will also shout derogatory things to Wyatt over his body due to Wyatt being outspoken. No doubt. That's what I'm assuming So I can't tell you enough how happy I am for Vince to be gone because someone like Wyndham He cannot operate at his maximum potential with a fool like that running around in charge This man if I remember correctly Thought some folks on the roster were what he called two pro wrestling After that botched horrific hell in the cell match between Rollins and the fiend to like two pro wrestling I thought that's what we were watching bro Like comments like that are exactly why this man's removal was for the best He had no he was completely out of touch Vince McMahon we can be thankful to him for a lot of things But it doesn't even matter how he got out of how he got out of the office and how he got out of the position of power The fact that he was on his way out was all that anyone cared about And the minute those were those reports and allegations came out I was holding on to hope that he would just be gone because the product has been suffering for quite a long time People like Wyndham Rotunda were not able to completely again flex the creative Ability that they have with this fooling office, you know showing up to Raw ripping up screenplays Showing up to all these shows prior to them starting ripping up all these things that the creative team had come up with It's it's like at this point. Why do you have a creative team? All in all Vince McMahon was only interested in getting a show that Vince McMahon liked He didn't care if you liked it or not as long as he was happy That's all that mattered to you. That's why a lot of the shows were so terrible I appreciate how everything tonight on extreme rules basically every match had a story behind it They weren't just thrown together last minute. Everything felt like a feud was there Extreme rules was actually extreme for once in quite in quite some years So his absence is for the best Imagine having a problem that someone wants to actually put on a good show So you make a fool out of them for standing up for their character in that in the creative process Forced character like it's just completely ridiculous The arguments of him not being able to wrestle also are nonsense. I've seen that tossed around so many times Wyndham has displayed that he is very talented in the ring and the one match I know many people will use as a reference is that 2014 match he had with Daniel Bryan I believe it was at royal rumble I will also throw out there. I've tweeted about this match so many times That six man tag match with the shield from elimination chamber another classic match And just several other instances where he has shown that he is a very talented in ring competitor What was the problem was that he had a fool holding him back and that fool is gone Someone who actually wants to see wrestling thrive and is looking forward to the future is now at the helm I get that there might be some things that I already do not like about what tribulation is done such as the fact that I think that Shayna Baszler should have already at this point be champion I think putting the title on ronda rousey is a mistake But in triple h's had maybe he wants to do a story between shane and ronda where shane is chasing ronda And she's going to be throwing ronda as a champion and shana will ultimately be your champion heading into the wrestlemania But bray Wyatt being back that was the highlight of the night and it was a very well done return Something like that and the way it was all executed and presented is just a another sign Of the breath of fresh air that you have now that vince McMahon is gone He was terrible for the product at his at his current stage of what he was doing. He was terrible for the product Matches feel like they are I just love how everything feels so much more sport oriented now And with windham back he doesn't need to win the world title He doesn't need to do a lot of things that you might think If he can just go out there and be like an undertaker type of character and display that in-ring capability With some nice put together story story lines with who he's targeting Then windham is all set and I think we're going to be in for some very special moments with windham under this new administration So I cannot wait to see what he has to say on money night raw if he appears on smack down if he appears there Let me know what you guys think about all this down in the comment section below if you're having a rare course Make sure you subscribe turn on postification at near miss video in the description. I will have links to all my social media accounts I am on facebook twitter and instagram You can message me there, of course To let me know if there are any movies news or reviews you'd like me to cover in the future and all that in my guys I will see you in the next video


This woman wasn't prepared for what the doctor would tell her about her pregnancy. A lot of people say that having children brings joy and is one of the best things that can possibly happen to someone. Children make parents feel a love they haven't experienced before, and they add a different perspective to life. Some parents consider having at least one daughter and one son ideal. For several years, this couple has been trying for a baby girl. When they finally got pregnant, the couple couldn't have predicted what would happen next. Many moms who have two boys find it natural to want to add a baby girl to the mix. Out with the blue and hello to pink. Katie and Angelo, a happily married Californian couple were lucky to have two boys. After seeing their boys grow up, the parents had an itch to raise more. Feeling confident given that they were already handling the stresses that typically come with boys, why not try for a girl? It's important not to be too picky, of course. Any healthy baby, whether it be a boy or girl, is a gift. Katie, Angelo, and their two sons were overjoyed to hear the news that a new baby would be on the way. They dedicated a separate room in the house for the nursery. Together they decorated it and bought toys and clothes, anticipating the new baby. The air was buzzing with excitement and everyone was giddy. The entire family was counting down the days until Katie would be giving birth. They all didn't know what was soon to come. It can be quite an exciting time for couples who are expecting a baby. There's a sense of anxiety and a sort of uncertainty that parents feel as the birth of their new baby starts to become a reality. In San Diego, California, at Sharp Memorial Hospital this one family spent the past couple of days getting ready for this precious and wonderful moment. The entire family was eager and preparing for the special day. Shortly after Angelo and Katie discovered that they were to be expecting a new baby, the couple grew giddy with joy and excitement. The parents were eager and happy to hear the news that they would finally be having a baby girl. They had been dreaming of having a baby girl and now that dream was coming true. The doctors told them the good news and Katie and Angelo were ecstatic. Finally, they would add a baby girl to the mix. Angelo and Katie were deciding when it would be the right time to grow their family. They had already been married for a while, so they were pretty dedicated when they brought two beautiful boys into the world. It was a blessing for the couple to already have two healthy sons, but Angelo and Katie still felt the urge to grow their family. They felt like something was missing, but what were they still looking for? Angelo and Katie thought they could handle more children and still wanted more. It came naturally to the couple and was pretty effortless. Looking after their two sons wasn't that big of an issue and they were eager to bring another child into the world. Being able to juggle two energetic boys all while enjoying watching them grow up, this family of loving parents welcomed the thought of welcoming another baby. The more the merrier. Feeling pretty confident that they'd be able to handle more kids, the couple was excited and delighted to discover that once again, Katie was pregnant. These expectant parents were overcome with joy when they heard the great news. Just the thought of having a family growing in size brought smiles to the couple's faces. Hearing the news was like music to their ears. The couple had their dreams come true and Katie's pregnancy was a cause for joy. As soon as the couple found out that Katie was pregnant and expecting, they got a health checkup immediately. They wasted no time at all because when it came to the health of both the baby and Katie, the parents didn't want to risk anything. A ton of things can potentially go south when pregnant, and it's crucial to take precautions to ensure that both the mother and baby are all healthy. Better safe than sorry. Over the course of Katie's early weeks of pregnancy, it had been confirmed by the doctors that she was making pretty healthy progress and everything seemed to be going well. However, one day after she had gone in for a routine checkup, the doctors had something to add. It was what the doctors said on this day that had a profound impact on this couple's lives. It would change everything forever. Nothing after this doctor's visit would ever be the same. Katie and Angelo had expected everything to go smoothly and without a hiccup the day they went to see the doctor. It should have been like any other day, however, Dr. Sean Dangerman told the couple that Katie would require special care. This was a cause for alarm. Obviously, hearing that Katie would need a specialist's care was something the couple didn't want to hear nor expected when they walked into the doctor's office that day. A lot of questions were running through their minds. What was wrong? Why would Katie need to see a specialist? What's going on? Even though the couple tried to stay calm and not worry, the couldn't help feeling anxious and nervous. With all the questions that were on the couple's minds, it made them feel helpless. At this point, there was little the parents could do. This was entirely out of their control. How would they get through this and stay calm? Both Katie and Angelo were worried about the bad news they were going to receive. It had been building up in the anticipation as to what the doctor was going to say seemed unbearable. However, after the couple asked why Katie would need to see another doctor, he gave a straightforward answer. This answer was unexpected though and came completely out of the left field. This answer stunned them and it was something they didn't expect to learn. Women who are pregnant must be looked after, protected, and well taken care of just in case of any emergency. Katie's doctor didn't want to take any risks when it involved her health, so he told her, we should stay in the hospital for now, Katie. There was no hesitation from Angelo and Katie, and they followed the doctor's instructions. They both headed to the hospital to make sure the baby and Katie were both safe. Both Katie and Angelo were given an explanation from the doctors that the main reason Katie needed the extra attention was due to the fact her pregnancy was determined to be high risk. Extra care would be needed. Katie and the baby needed to be carefully monitored and looked after because high risk pregnancies can harm both the baby and the mother. It is crucial for both the baby and mother to be looked after. The couple didn't want to take any chances. Worried that Katie would develop complications, which meant that not only her baby would be at risk, but her health as well. The couple was informed by the doctors that she would need 24-7 round the clock care to make sure both she and the baby would be fine. Definitely something that Katie didn't want to hear and both her and Angelo were worried. Katie was already uncomfortably pregnant. And this was just something extra to add to the stressful situation. There's a good reason for the doctors to have been a bit cautious about Katie's pregnancy. It wasn't just any unnecessary worrying. There was an explanation as to why the doctors were being extra careful. Katie wasn't expecting one baby, but in fact, multiple. We'll repeat that again for you, Katie was expecting not one child, but more than one. Yes, the thought was the more the merrier, but just how many more children would Katie be having. Katie wasn't pregnant with one baby, nor two, but three. Triplets. Can you imagine having to carry around three babies all at the same time? Luckily, the doctors were able to make sure everything was okay. Triplets. Not one or two, but three. Katie and Angelo were stunned. The overwhelming thought of giving birth to three babies added to the stress. They wanted to make sure Katie would be able to deliver them all safely. This was quite a unique situation for Katie. But you may have already guessed that after discovering that the couple was having triplets, both Katie and Angelo couldn't be happier. They were ecstatic. Due to the fact that Katie and Angelo wanted to grow their family size, even more, this was good news to them. It was music to their ears and finding out that they'd be having triplets was a welcome blessing. They were beyond happy. Not everything was okay, though. There was an issue with Katie's triplets. Two of the babies in her womb were sharing just one placenta. This made the couple extremely worried. What was first great news quickly turned into added worry about the two babies? This is a very rare and complicated situation that shouldn't be neglected. It would be crucial for the doctors to ensure that both Katie and her babies are safe. Having two babies sharing one placenta is an ideal. It's actually not a huge problem when there's only one placenta for two babies, it's not too dire, but it does have disadvantages for babies. It isn't the best situation, but it could be worse. One baby wasn't the same size as the other two. In Katie's womb, there were two smaller babies and one larger one which could cause possible problems. There is a laundry list of possible complications when dealing with triplets, but this one seemed manageable. Having Katie's babies being born prematurely was a high probability. This would be a risky pregnancy and this problem is quite serious. It was a main concern for the couple, and it was of the utmost importance that the babies be born on time. Premature births are common amongst twins as well. When it comes to triplets though, this makes it way more of a risk. Two is one thing, but three is a different story altogether. Underdeveloped lungs, brain bleeding, and other serious complications are a real threat when giving birth to triplets. Some issues could also follow after birth. Due to this, the doctors needed to be very careful when dealing with the triplets. Stressful wouldn't even come close to describing how the couple felt. This was beyond them, and they needed to remember to stay calm, maintain their composure, and just keep pushing forward, keeping in mind that health is the most important thing to focus on at the moment. The triplets were at risk. Their health was on the line. The doctor was correct about Katie requiring a specialist to make sure that things would go smoothly over the course of her pregnancy. But because of this, it added to Katie's stress levels, and it was one of Angelo and Katie's most stressful periods. It's not healthy for women who are pregnant to be too stressed out and tense. The medical team did everything within their power to keep Katie calm. As time went by, Katie entered her 27th week of pregnancy, and her belly was growing larger. Katie was admitted to a hospital to make sure that her pregnancy was healthy, and that nothing was wrong. Katie had no choice but to be away from her family and loved ones. Regardless, she continued on and persevered, doing the only thing she could at the time dedicate her time and energy focusing on the babies she was carrying. Over the course of Katie's pregnancy, and as things progressed, she discovered more things from her doctors. Katie went through a roller coaster of emotions and encountered a lot of stress. Although Katie was aware that she needed to stay cool, calm, and collected, she still discovered that it was way more difficult than anticipated. Katie was struggling to keep positive and look ahead. The various possibilities worried her even more. Not knowing what could come next is stressful and not good for expectant mothers. Between not and my due date, anything could happen, Katie expressed. Just carrying one baby is stressful enough for some. Wrapping one's head around what it'd be like to be pregnant with triplets seems unfathomable. It was a relief to Katie to find out that the ultrasounds were showing steady and healthy growth for her babies. It seemed as though everything was all right, and her triplets were in good health, according to the ultrasound at least. Katie's nervousness and uneasiness were starting to grow day by day, as she pictured what she and her baby's future would be like. A lot of stories are told to us about unfortunate pregnancies, she mentioned to interviewers that were at the hospital. It was too difficult to ignore the terrible stories. The bad news would linger and make Katie worry even more about her own babies. It's definitely not reassuring to hear other unfortunate stories from those in the hospital. Katie tried her best not to let it affect her, but she was bothered by the thought of something bad happening to her. The stories of complications and failed pregnancies didn't do well for her nerves. The doctors urged her to stay calm, as these stories were not the best thing for Katie to hear. They made her feel even more stressed out and listening to the horror stories just exacerbated the problem. She needed to stay focused and positive. There was a looming suspicion that Katie wouldn't be able to welcome all of the babies into this world. The thought itched at the back of her mind that they wouldn't make it. Katie said, you hear of triplets that don't all make it. Identical twins, especially. Katie was kept up at night thinking of the stories, and this didn't help the situation one bit. Nightmares plagued her, and she'd wake up in a cold sweat. Was this foreshadowing or just nerves getting to Katie? Was she a prophet, predicting the horrible outcome of her pregnancy, or would a different, better outcome happen? Would Katie be a lucky mother and see her triplets? Katie could only think of positive thoughts, as hard as it was, she remained hopeful that her babies would turn out okay. She was eager to see her healthy triplets. Katie was scared, but she would persevere and try to stay as positive as possible. Angela Watson, a part of Sharp Memorial Hospital Paranatal Special Care Unit, explained that the most important thing for mothers like Katie is empathy. Empathy can make a huge difference for expectant mothers. It's one of the best things to help improve the mother's mood. Over the years, Angela has observed many expectant moms who encounter complications during their pregnancy. They need other people and a support network there to give them motivation and to help them stay optimistic and positive. Angela went on to explain in more detail the kind of approach she employs when caring for expectant mothers that are at the hospital. She says, everything that's normal is taken away. Telling mothers that you understand that it's truly hard for them, that's a game changer for patients and their overall outlook. Angela urges people to be aware of pregnant women who require someone who will be there to listen. Also, someone who is willing to lend a helping hand or shoulder to cry on. Expectant mothers need someone who cares by their side. Although Katie's pregnancy was a special situation, it wasn't rare. It definitely wasn't the first time a pregnant woman carried triplets. This wasn't some mother's first rodeo. The three babies were called A, B, and C. The special medical team that helps women give birth to triplets are used to dealing with such cases. Angelo and Katie could only hope for the best, and with an experienced medical team they were made to feel a little less worried. Not enough fluid was getting to baby B, and as time passed the situation seemed to be getting worse. This was a cause for concern. How much time had gone by and how could baby B get more fluid? The baby was affected by the lack of fluid, needless to say. This caused baby B to remain a little bit smaller compared to baby A and C. The other two babies were larger than baby B by this point. The only thing the couple could do was wait and see. The outcome of baby B was completely out of their hands, so all Angelo and Katie could do was pray and wish that all three babies would make it into this world. Patience was key and it was the hardest thing for Katie and Angelo to have at the time. All they could do was wait. The fate of the triplets was up to chance and out of their control. To minimize as much risk as possible, the doctors kept a careful eye on Katie. Up until her 32nd week of pregnancy, the doctors were vigilant and paid close attention to her. The doctors also wanted to make sure that the triplets were given as much attention as the baby's family was giving them. They were so involved with Katie's pregnancy that they had an obligation to do whatever possible to ensure the babies would make it. Katie began to go into labor just one day following her 32nd week of pregnancy. Everything had been done by the doctors and nurses to ensure that Katie was kept healthy. It was a relief and everyone felt like they could breathe easily now. To go into labor now made sense. Having her triplets after her 32nd week was the right time for Katie to give birth to her triplets with as little risk to them as possible. Katie had carried the triplets successfully without any further hiccups or complications. The doctors, nurses, and entire family was happy to hear that everything was going smoothly and turned out as planned. Katie made it this far. She was almost to the finish line. She carried the babies for 32 weeks without any further issues and was about to go into labor. Would it be okay for Katie and the triplets though? Would the delivery go smoothly? It's suggested that childbirth should be natural. It is suggested that giving birth shouldn't really involve any other way, but it should be as natural as possible. But in Katie's situation, a different approach to delivering the babies was required for Katie's unique situation. The doctors and nurses wanted to ensure that the delivery was kept completely under their control so no room for mishaps or complications would arise. They made Katie undergo a caesarean section. This had been a long journey for both Katie and Angelo. It was a very rough and confusing time to wait for the birth of the triplets. It was a rollercoaster of emotions and they were finally happy to see the smiling faces of all three babies. Katie was looking forward to finally giving birth. All she wanted to do was hold her little girls. She was picturing how it would feel to hold them in her arms and know, for certain, that they were safe and healthy. I want to make sure they're okay. As soon as they're delivered I want to touch and kiss them, Katie had confessed. She just wanted to be there for them and nobody could blame her. It was a long time in the making. When Katie was admitted to the hospital she had to be separated from her husband and sons. This was done to make sure that both the babies and she were not affected. Simply put, it had been quite an ordeal. This entire uncertainty the couple went through made it feel like a complete roller coaster ride of emotions. Katie and Angelo were really excited to find out that Katie would be delivering her triplets and no longer would need to worry about possible complications. The delivery of Katie's triplets was a complete success. In the end, all three of the babies were sent to their own individual special team for advanced life support. The midwifery team took over from here. To make sure the newborns did not show any signs of health issues, right after each baby was delivered, the doctors and nurses made sure to examine them very carefully. Right after giving birth there are still many steps to take to make sure nothing else can go wrong. Newborn babies are quite fragile. Assisting with the baby's breathing was an important step performed by the team of doctors and nurses to ensure that the newborns were stabilized. The triplets were immediately transferred to an intensive care unit for neonates. All the necessary steps had been taken care of to deliver the triplets, so this would be the first check after delivery. Katie was given some time to finally breathe and recover after intensive childbirth. Giving birth to triplets can be exhausting. The team at the hospital was taking care of the babies and were being watched carefully. Both the babies and the mom were recovering and getting better. When the doctors and nurses were treating the triplets they were careful not to make any mistakes. The triplets' small lungs were a bit difficult to open up, the doctors revealed. They would need to put a bit more effort into getting their lungs open so they could all breathe easier. Katie and Angelo felt helpless once again, as the doctors took control. Tears ran down their faces. The babies' parents looked at each other worried from across the room. The couple was wishing and hoping that the babies would be in stable condition soon. The doctors worked hard, but Katie and Angelo felt like they couldn't do anything besides pray. They wished for the doctors to make sure the triplets would be okay. In the end, after a lot of effort by the doctors and nurses, the triplets turned out to be in stable condition. It was a sigh of relief for both Katie and Angelo. The hurdle had been cleared and the three babies were stable and finally getting the air they needed. Trish, Danielle, and Rebecca were stable thanks to the doctors and nurses that put so much effort into making sure they were stable. The triplets had names now. No more baby A, B, and C. They were welcomed into the world and ready to be sent to intensive care. At intensive care, this is where Katie and Angelo could be reunited with their babies. They spent time with the triplets and got to know them, finally. There were still things that needed to be checked. Everyone was relieved to hear that the triplets were stable, but this wasn't the end of the road. The doctor told the couple, given that the babies are small, they may be predisposed to other complications. Due to the fact that all three babies were born together at the same time, each baby had to be carefully handled. The doctors and nurses still needed to stay close to the newborns to make sure nothing else would happen. Dr. Dainchman said during an interview, long-term issues can be a real threat, but were excited so far that everything has turned out perfect. The triplets were born healthy. Katie and Angelo could breathe easily because their biggest fear and worry that they wouldn't be born healthy was over. Katie and Angelo, as well as the doctors and nurses all worked together to have a successful outcome. There was reason to celebrate. They all pushed through and brought three beautiful baby girls into this world.  Her babies were waiting for her, ready to meet their new mother. It was a much anticipated time for Katie, and she couldn't wait to finally see them all. Katie was wheeled up to see the triplets in the neonatal unit by Angelo. The babies were being monitored here to make sure nothing else would happen. Katie could see the little girls through the glass window. The entire ordeal caused so much anxiety and stress, and after the difficult pregnancy, Katie would finally be able to greet the newborn babies. Instead of having to look through the glass of the neonatal unit, she'd finally be able to hold the little bundles of joy. Both Katie and Angelo were proud parents. Beaming with smiles and joy, they were finally able to see their babies and hold them close. They were able to interact with them, finally. Katie felt like she achieved the impossible. She felt relieved to have given birth to daughters she had so longed for, for the longest time. It just feels so right, she whispered to the baby near her chest. Katie carried one baby in her arms and was looking forward to holding the others. This was a special moment. Katie had to wait such a long time, so the special moment was emotional. Tears were falling when she cradled her little newborn baby girls. It's not an easy experience at all being pregnant. A woman must be capable of giving birth successfully, and this involves being not just being strong physically, but also emotionally. There can be many challenges a new mother has to go through. So many different things can go wrong. The worry is there for sure, but being level-headed and calm can make a huge difference. By remaining calm and not anxious, this can ensure that the pregnancy won't encounter further complications induced by stress. Luckily for Katie, she was mentally and physically tough and everything turned out okay. It's a huge task giving birth. It can be psychologically and physically draining. Katie had overcome and pushed through all of the difficulties she encountered during her pregnancy. She was finally free and happy that she gave birth successfully. Katie later discussed her experience and put things out there for other new pregnant mothers to hear. It's important for mothers who go through childbirth to share their stories. Katie was able to share what she was thinking when she was going through her pregnancy. This provides a lot of reassurance to new mothers. I really miss them even though it's been only a few hours apart from them, Katie admits to an interviewer. Katie reveals already how she's gotten attached to her newborn triplets and says that she can't handle being apart from them. Reunited and it feels so good, she joyously sings as she gets to hold her babies once more. Just seeing them brings me happiness, she says.  Angelo was equally stressed out when finding out about all the complications Katie had gone through. Katie wasn't going through this alone and wasn't the only one feeling drained. Angelo was excited to learn triplets were on the way and he was just as eager to share special moments with the babies. Angelo saw his baby daughter Trisha open here little eyes for the first time. All the stress he had felt previously up to that moment had melted away. He felt like they were the only two in the entire universe. The moment was truly special. Holding his new daughter in his arms, Angelo felt extremely happy. It seemed completely surreal. Was he dreaming? It felt so good to finally hold his daughters. The little bundles of joy brought much happiness and relief to Angelo. There was an instant connection between father and daughter. The first time he held the newborn there was a special moment and time stood still. It was a long time in the making, but Angelo could safely say that he was her dad and she was his daughter. The moment had finally arrived and it felt so good. Such a beautiful feeling, Angelo said. Too beautiful. Finally, Angelo could enjoy taking on the role of being a father to his baby triplets. He could finally relax and fall into the role of being a good dad. A bond between a father and daughter is something too special. It's a precious thing to have the privilege to be a father to three beautiful and healthy daughters. Angelo was overcome with joy and was looking forward to playing a new role as a father to his daughters. All of this wouldn't have been possible if the entire hospital team hadn't dedicated so much hard work and effort to ensure the successful delivery of Katie's triplets. It was a team effort to bring all three baby girls into the world. All of the credit to the Sharp Memorial Hospital and their team for the successful delivery of the triplets. Without their help and support, this situation could have ended differently. The couple is thankful for the hospital's help and is now happily holding their triplets.