Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, salamu alaikum jami'an. Your Excellency, Dr. Hussa, esteemed guests, ladies and gentlemen, it's a great pleasure and honor to be here with you all as the state of Qatar and Barks on this ambitious strategic broadband plan. The objective of this panel, and thank you, Richard, for a wonderful and insightful presentation there. You know, we hear a lot about technology, we see a lot of innovation taking place day by day, minute by minute, but one key challenge to address that is very important for all of us to acknowledge and do something about is how do we get people to adopt these technologies and innovations? What are the barriers and challenges that we all need to sort of address and come up with solutions and primarily the whole aspect of change management? So we all know from stories and experiences in the past that we can invest a lot of time and effort in developing state-of-the-art technologies, but if we do not invest enough time on the adoption and the change management aspects of it, there's not a lot that we will actually see to flourish from the implementations of technologies. It's a great honor and privilege to have a distinguished panel, three industries that are very close to my heart, technology, healthcare and sports, and without further ado, I'd like to introduce our panelists one by one. We'll start with the ladies and ladies first. So if we can have Karis, when Davis join us, please. And Karis is a partner at Vincent Mason, specializing in privacy, data protection, intellectual property. She has extensive experience advising both private and public sector bodies on privacy, data protection and intellectual property issues. She asks for a wide range of clients, including manufacturing, technology companies, defense organizations, medical device companies. She was honored to advise ICT Qatar on and to prepare draft policy laws for Qatar. She regularly advises on privacy and data privacy compliance issues, including subject access and freedom, freedom of information requests, data security incidents, including advising on and preparing notifications to the ICO and to the individuals who personal data has been lost. Our second panelist, Dr. Falih Muhammad Hussain Ali if you can join us please. Dr. Falih is the assistant for policy to the Minister of Health and Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Health. He oversees the nationwide reforms including the implementation of 39 projects of the 2011-2016 National Health Strategy. He leads the SDH Directorate General for Policy Affairs, which encompasses several national strategic departments inclusive of health planning and assessment, health financing, insurance, ITE health strategy, healthcare quality management, medical research, national health strategy, and the 2011-2016 PMO, National Cancer Implementation Team. Most recently he's been appointed as well as the acting chief executive officer of the National Health Insurance Company. Our third panelist, Mr. Vishnu Singh if you can join us please. Vishnu hails from Canada where he started his career in Ericsson followed by briefs in Sweden and over five years in Malaysia. Currently Vishnu manages a team of analysts in Bangalore, a global competent center for Ericsson Consumer Lab. Prior to joining Ericsson he was an information technology industry for five years. In his current role as head of Ericsson Consumer Labs in Bangalore he analyzes consumer behavior and their attitude to telecom products and services. Consumer Lab aims to ensure that consumer insight is an integral part of product development marketing and branding at Ericsson. Mr. Khadid al-Hashmi if you can join us please. Mr. al-Hashmi has more than 16 years of experience in the IT field with particular expertise in cybersecurity, information infrastructure and ICT systems planning. In his role as executive director for cybersecurity, excuse me, Qatar's national program that safeguards the country's information communication systems. He has been instrumental in the development of national strategy for cybersecurity focusing first on critical sector services within the country, recognizing that cybersecurity is not confined to national boundaries. He has worked closely with many security teams worldwide to develop integrated response systems in a robust information network. And our last panelist if we can have engineer Yasir al-Jaman please join us. Engineering Yasir is Qatar 2022 Supreme's committees technical program delivery executive director presiding over the planning and implementation of revolutionary state of the art stadiums and cooling technologies that played such a key role in Qatar successful build for bid for 2022. Prior to joining the 2022 bid committee in 09, engineering Yasir was a project director at Qatar EDR before this, engineering Yasir worked at Qatar Petroleum Exxon Mobile and Shell, graduated from the University of Texas in 2000 with a degree in mechanical engineering. If we can just have a round of applause for our esteemed panelists too. All right, similar to the first panel, we wanna go through each and every one of our panelists just to give some introductory remarks related to the panel objectives on adoption and barriers. So we'll start out with Keras please. Thank you very much for inviting me here today. It's a great honor to be here to talk about privacy issues. First of all, I want to say that I'm here to be optimistic, often it's seen as the role of privacy lawyers to stand in the way of business. In fact, what I would say, taking up the quote from Richard at the end of his presentation, the best way to predict the future for privacy is indeed to invent it. So let's see if we can have some ideas for that. We've heard about the massive benefits that there are with broadband, particularly mobile broadband, we're all going mobile. It's clear that mobile is an integrator, it's bringing together all the various platforms. What is very interesting is that mobile is now being used less for phone calls and more for gathering data. With that comes big data, but with that also comes the collection of a vast amount of personal data. Governments, regulators all around the world are debating this. It's a very hot topic, a very important topic. But what is clear is that it isn't just for governments and regulators to deal with the privacy issue. The invitation is to business and industry actually to address some of the concerns. But before we can address the concerns, I think we need to identify some of them first before we move on to the next step. So let's just think about mobile and the actual challenges that it brings. Well, mobile devices are with us all of the time. They're very personal. They tend to be switched on all of the time as well. So there it has a very direct connection to us, a connection to the user. So that enables lots of people to collect a lot of data about us. So let's just have a think about what that data might be. Well, it tends to know where you are. Tends to know who you're talking to. Cameras can actually take your photographs. Tends to know what you look like, what your personal choices are, what you're shopping for, where you go. And there's even been an app developed in the UK which predicts where you're going to go. It's won an award for actually tracking somebody's phone, tracking where they've been, where they tend to go, also their friends looking at where they tend to go. And by developing an algorithm which calculates where you are going to go and it's found that it can predict in a group of 200 users where they will be tomorrow at a certain time within 20 meters or very frightening. So massive privacy challenges. All very useful. These apps are revolutionizing our lives but with it they're moving very fast and taking a lot of private information. A lot of research has been done which has found that app developers are perhaps not fully aware of the issues of privacy. They're tending to take more private information than they actually need to do for the particular application that they're using it for. It's very dangerous to people if their private information is not secure. And people are generally unaware of the fact that they are providing a lot of this information and it may be provided to third parties. A lot of people have access to this information so we've got the manufacturers of the devices, we've got the platforms, we've got social media, we've got the app developers, the app distributors. Each one is taking a nibble at the personal data or perhaps a large bite and some of this is out of our control. So at the moment it's very disintegrated and I think that is the challenge, that is the challenge to business to come up with a more integrated solution. The European Article 29 Working Committee which advises the European Commission on data protection issues and the Federal Trade Commission have all been looking at these issues and the same sort of conclusions are drawn and I don't think they'll be a surprise to you because they're really the conclusions that are drawn with all personal data and privacy issues. We need to be far more fair in the collection of data. People need to understand what's being collected and why. A great transparency and that now is moving down to a granular level so not just broad statements of what data is being collected and how it's being used but specific data and specifically what it's being used for. Privacy by design, I'm sure you've all heard of this as well, this is effectively making sure when you're building your applications you build privacy into it as part of the technology and then unexpected uses making sure that you actually get people's consent and don't assume that consent has been given. And this is where I come back to the challenge. Well, who is going to determine how you do this? And the European group has said that all of the different people involved in the chain from the operator, the manufacturers, the app developers, the distributors all need to get together to get a high level of privacy. That is very clear. They lean on the device manufacturers and say perhaps they should leave the way. In the US, the position is different and they suggest the platform provider should leave the way. I think what I would say is the challenge is out there to make this integrated and to make it an issue for industry to address and going back to the quote, making the future yourselves and making that privacy compliant future. Thank you, Kers. Dr. Falch, if you can give us some introductory remarks from the SCH and healthcare perspective. Thank you very much. Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem, As-Salaamu Alayhi Alayhi wa Alayhi wa Alayhi Alayhi wa Alayhi wa Alayhi wa Alayhi I thank you and hope you know myself for inviting me to be amongst my favorite crowd, techies. So I do apologize if we don't like the word. From the health perspective, as you all know, all the majority of you know, Qatar National Division was envisaged and if Mr. Levin allows me, I'm going to use his pyramid that he showed in the morning, starting with the aspiration. The vision was the Q&V, 2008, it was launched and as you know, its aim is to have an advanced society that is able to sustain its development and give its population, residents, its people the highest standards of living, the highest standard of living possible. And so that was the aspiration, that was the vision and from it came the next level, which was the strategy. So the national development strategy was launched in 2011 and from that, the sectorial different sectors developed their own vision, its own strategy, I mean, and including ours, which was the 2011, 2016 national health strategy. And within that, the components that relates to e-health also envisaged as part of the 39 projects. So what does it mean then to us as far as data and technology is concerned? And we tend to teach our students, if you teach or if we talk to your employees and support them and some team workers that technology is not the aim, it's an enabler. And the aim out of using technology and healthcare is to get the best maximum possible benefit for the patient and it won't have even be a patient, somebody who's healthy and living. So the main challenges I've been finding to try to set the agenda for e-health has been uniform definition of what e-health means. Some people think it's EMR, some people think it's EHR, some people think it's using technology to define what care to the patient can be given within the hospital setting, each has its own view of what it means. To me personally, and I can be challenging this, I consider every electron that moves the aim of giving healthcare, proper health care to a patient or resident of a country to be considered e-health so that the spectrum is huge. From using GPS and cars defining where they are to the nearest vehicle to come to the closest accident point or as it's mobile terminals where emergency medical services can gain and access the data and transmit access. So transmit data to the provider at the end of the line or it's using the cloud for mobile information so the patient can carry its records wherever they go. And as the latest technology that's coming in, an embedded chip and somebody's arm who's the patient being diabetic, the chip itself has an incident that is 1,000 time potent and it's connected to Wi-Fi to a mobile device or mobile phone, the person's mobile phone and that mobile device transmits the information to a physician who can then control or regulate the blood incident level by sending push. It doesn't have to be even a provider could be done through AI. So the spectrum is so wide and varied that how do you define it? How do you actually set the agenda? What you wanna have, we're gonna be looking like. So I think the first point, the major challenge is how to define e-health and what all we do we actually need out of technology to become. Then comes the third part which is the most important part as mentioned is implementation. And there's the execution, there's a huge, huge challenge to us. Technologies tend to be as fast moving as it was mentioned by our M&S speaker, Mr. Edler says that by the time you teach something to the students, by the time they graduate it is already obsolete and the same thing happens by the time you start procuring a device. But the government, especially being in government, I'm talking from a company, even in companies point of view, you wanna make the best out of your buck. By the time we try to go through the procurement cycle we get to the purchase it, the technology is already half obviously if you wanna call it. So how do you actually negotiate through the maze of implementation of such big projects, multi-million, multi-billion dollar sometime projects that you have to be able to envisage what the future is gonna look like. So when you get there through your procurement cycle or it's already meeting your needs and demands. Another challenge is the, what's mentioned by Dr. Hassad this morning was the achievements you do through your cycles. Now the society is much, very much aware of what's going on in the tech world. The more successful you are is what you achieve in your sector. The people become more demanding. So they say, okay, we need this. We know that that exists in some other countries and why don't you do it? And you're dependent, as I said, on a set of rules and regulations and really move that easily from that, that demand cannot be sometimes met. And so the unmet demands of the population and the knowledge that everybody has through just basically Googling whatever they think is best for them and coming to the physician say, this exists, why don't you give it to me? So actually meeting that part of the equation is also a big challenge. I think, and overall, if we set our targets as high as possible through what exists now, by the time we get there, even if we meet 80% or 70% of that target, I think it'd be a very good achievement. But the challenge is putting that vision together. We, and I'm quoting myself, I think we blamed, we had exercised our Rob colleagues in the ICT in Qatar to put together an e-health vision and her excellency Dr. Hassad remembers that we started that exercise quite a while back in 2009, but we haven't achieved quite a bit of it. I'm really pleased to see it like, you know, the policy actions that in the broadband strategy, 2.2, 4.3, 4.4 is specific to e-health, but then we are included in so many places. And I think if we push that agenda, although not easy, I think it'd be one of the best ways to defeat that challenge. So thank you. Thank you, Dr. Fadah. I have a few questions for you that I'll say for a while. Vishnu, if you can please give your opening remarks, please. Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. It's a pleasure to be here, and thank you for the opportunity. I will try to give an outside in view as I'm coming from consumer insights to give you a perspective from the user perspective. In Ericsson, of course, you know, we fundamentally, we understand the link between broadband and the impact it has on economic growth. Previous studies have shown from Ericsson that every 1,000 broadband connections in a country, in our research, you know, it creates 80 new jobs, and every 10% increment increase in penetration has an effect of 1% on GDP. If we look at some research that we've done globally around some 25 global cities and 11 here in the MENA region, Doha, for example, you know, we look at really from a social economic perspective, a social perspective, the impact on economic measuring those economic benefits as well as environmental benefits. Doha, of course, from an ICT now, we're talking not just broadband, if you look at ICT overall. The maturity level is quite high, reasonably high maturity level compared to many markets. However, the challenge is when it comes to leveraging that into benefits is where it falls a little behind compared to other cities. So really to capitalize on the investment that service providers and government organizations have made in ICT infrastructure, there is an opportunity for Qatar to, of course, become a hub in the world to disrupt many of the different countries based on different perspectives is really to capitalize and leverage that investment. Specifically, it's mostly revolves around the barriers revolves around ICT literacy, quality of local content, of course, language barriers are really some of the issues that need to be addressed from a user perspective. We heard a little bit about today about the importance of public and private partnership. For really for Qatar to really take on, as we've seen with coming up in the 2022, these kinds of world-class events will of course bring a lot of benefits to citizens. But what will even drive more of when it comes to much smarter solutions to propel the country much further is to look at how to address from a citizen perspective innovation being much more open, providing benefits for people to be able to access and to be able to create that environment of open and collaboration so you can drive the innovation in the marketplace here. Of course, policy is extremely important, but let's not underestimate when it comes to the demand side and the adoption side to play to how we can all together drive that development. Thank you Vishnu. Mr. Khalid, please, your opening remarks. Salam. Oops. Well, one of the challenges I face this domain is people look upon specialist like us that give the showstoppers of innovation, which is not true, and I'll explain why. Now, what we have seen is that we have lots of, you know, advanced technology being introduced in our societies. What happens that, you know, the industry builds those technologies and give it to us and then tell the security people come and secure, you know, and that's a challenge for us because we believe that information security or privacy control should be at a very fundamental level. This is when you're basically in the requirement phase. Now, one thing I can also share with you is basically, you know, the challenges we face in broadband adoption, I think I can speak about the GCC, is process. How frequently we assess our processes here because if you have a very effective, mature process that process will interpret in a system or solution and that solution will get to your business needs. One of the challenges we see or I personally see actually in this reading is always about process optimization. How many of you have done process optimization in your organization, show of hands? Excellent, how many of you have hands? And the rest, shy to say? Process and policy, you know, how process and policies are related and how really the effect our behavior when it comes to people. You know, if you have the right policies in place, okay, which is again, if you think about it, policies are basically process. You know, they're trying to actually address a challenge with the process reflecting in a policy and coming up with new actually, you know, rules to apply. That's how, you know, the relation is between process and policy.  We try to adopt best practices without actually understanding the challenges of organizations. And when you bring those best practices, okay, without, you know, doing a further analysis, you know, further study actually about your challenges, especially process, okay, what happens, okay, there is always a vacuum. There is lack of adoption, lack of compliance, okay, and worse, what makes us worse? You have auditors coming and checking basically, you know, your process sheets or basically your compliance measures and they're basically, you know, they're flagging the issues, but nobody's following the issues or nobody's actually applying the corrective measures. Why? Because those corrective measures are outdated, not up to date. Thank you. Thank you, Khaled. Last but not least, engineer Yassid, please, your opening remarks. Bismillah, rahma'a raheem. First of all, thank you for this kind invitation to be part of this conference and to give me the opportunity to share with the audience about the progress and the plans that has been taking so far from Qatar 2020's to Supreme Committee, which I will touch on later on in this panel. I just want to highlight that the event of Qatar 2022, it's not a one month event. It's much bigger than that. It's not about building a stadium. It's all about having a lasting legacy for this nation and for the countries around Qatar. It's, we always look into the event as the catalyst toward achieving 2030 vision where all the stakeholders in Qatar works together to achieve that target. Also, I would like later on, as I said, to mention more about what we're looking for from the stakeholders here in Qatar to achieve that vision. And I would like to make it short. Thank you, thank you, Engineer Yassid. Great, well, thank you to all our panelists. I want to go through a couple of questions to each and every one of you. And I'll do this on a one by one basis. We'll start with Keras. We're very familiar with that. There's more and more applications that require the collection of location data for them to function. From a regulatory perspective, what do you think regulators need to do to address these various privacy issues arising from the use of such location data to enable its effective use, but also more importantly, to protect the individual privacy? As you say, location data can be very helpful to us because if we want to use an app that gets us a map to get home in the evening, or in the UK, we're always interested in the weather, so we want to know where we are, what the weather's going to be like, or you want to find out information in the locality.  All of these things are very useful, but you're absolutely right. It brings privacy challenges, particularly because we're unaware a lot of the time as to how that information is being used. And as I mentioned earlier, a lot of app developers develop with very smart technology that can collect a lot more information than perhaps is needed, and that brings its benefits, but it also brings its challenges to privacy. So location data has been seen as information that is just so personal because it tells people, tells other people where we are, and as I said earlier, can even tell people where we're going to go. And that can be a real privacy risk to people. It also over a period of time shows your particular practices as to where you tend to go, so it shows your behavioural responses. That can be very, very valuable to advertisers, so for example, Starbucks, if you sign up to one of their apps, as soon as you walk into an area where they have a coffee shop and they'll alert you and they may send you a voucher to have a discounted coffee, helpful, but do you realise that they're actually processing your data? So as I say, it's a particular hot issue at the moment. And again, the European Commission has been considering it, the US has been considering it, and generally around the world, it's been seen as perhaps a special sort of data that we need to look at and it sort of almost verges on the sensitive data because it can give away sensitive data. So again, if you can track where I'm going, you might know that I've gone to the doctor, I've gone to the hospital. It can reveal a lot of information. So taking the approach of both the Commission, the US and more broadly, people are drilling down to a level of privacy, which effectively is saying you need to be totally, totally transparent. You cannot have a click install app which immediately puts a tracker on you. You need to be cleared with people, and as I mentioned earlier, at the granular level of exactly what data you're going to collect, what you're going to do with it, how you're going to store it, is it only going to be used on that individual's device or is it actually being transmitted to other areas? How long is it going to be kept? Is it just for the instant particular application that you're using, or is it going to be stored for a longer period, and as I mentioned, being used for behavioral purposes? So what it's being called for is a more stringent approach to this transparency, making sure that people are aware, making sure they're very specifically aware, and getting consent, and making sure that you can't actually just assume consent. What is also very helpful is in the US, looking at it at a practical level, of course, a lot of this is being used on quite small screens. You're looking at your apps there, so it's very important to have a privacy policy, but again, it's recognized that you can't put that on a screen. So a layered approach, in the same way as we've seen online generally, is called for. So there's an instant indication to people that you're taking their data, but then they can draw through to a more detailed policy if they want to learn about that. What I find particularly interesting that in the US they're suggesting the use of icons, so in the same way as perhaps we're familiar with in the food industry with labeling, so we can see very quickly what food additives there are, calories in products. They're suggesting that this might be used, we're all used to icons on our smartphones, and this would be another way of very clearly identifying for people that their location data was being taken and giving them very clear options to effectively not opt in or to switch off that data, which all in turn creates a much more secure system for privacy. Thank you, Keras. I'm actually probably gonna reformat this and go through a question each, and then based on time we'll come back, but thank you for that, Keras. Dr. Falah, jumping into the healthcare space, from both a Supreme Council of Health as well as your other hat, the National Health Insurance Company, your perspectives on privacy, security of personal health records as you're embarking on e-health and the development of the e-health strategy, the adoption issues is critically, it's truly a very important aspect of all this to increase adoption, either from the patient side as well as the provider side. Your thoughts on that, please. Okay, privacy, privacy is a big issue. I mean, I remember, I think it was 1982 when I graduated high school and I went to my dad, a professor, so he said, so I got scored enough to get a scholarship, so I put my scholarship forward to the Ministry of Education at the time and he told me, so what did you want? I said, I want to do and study computer engineering. And he looked at me and said, what's a computer? And at the time, he was one of the direct, the directorship level in one of the major ministries in the country. So the concept of what the future looks like wasn't there, and I'm saying that date particularly because there's a law that the same year that was enacted in 1982 that governs the work of the practitioners and the health sector and also how the facilities are regulated. So the regulation of practitioners and came out and facilities came out in 1982 and those laws are still until now in effect. Laws tend to not to be as fast moving as technology is and we have an issue regarding how to basically regulate that environment. I have started them with my team to work on my work as a project I'm calling the Health Data Protection Act, if you want to call it. That's the closest translation to it in English and basically means how the health data is collected, by whom, where, how is it stored, how is it transmitted, and for how long it's kept, who has access to it, for access level and those sort of things. And I'm saying an act because part of this is gonna be of course electronic storage. So it will not use how we're gonna collect it and store it and transmit it and so forth electronically as much as paper on the same side. Of course we all aspire to the paperless environment but I think as you know from your knowledge that it hasn't been achieved anywhere very, very much limited success. So the aspiration is there but back again the implementation is difficult. So we're working on that part and it's gonna be really, really important to do it as soon as possible for several reasons. The aim, my aim out of the health strategy is to have at the end one big repository and information where anybody can get access to depending on the level of the need and the use or access. So whether it's the patients who wants to access these records and then take them, take them with them, whatever they go or it's the researcher who wants to get information for research and conducting policy maker to understand using it for MIS purposes and so forth. So to go that way and not have basically the regulatory environment to control it is gonna be really difficult. Both from getting actually access to that data because a lot of people will have their own environment of regulations that says no you can't get actually access to that. At the same time then going forward with how you actually control that and privacy information is extremely important and very sensitive as you know at the level of both the user and the provider of services. So very, very keen at the moment to start pushing that agenda as soon as possible and I'm really glad to see that as Project 4.2 is also aiming to that. So we're gonna work with our colleagues in MICT towards it. Thank you Dr. Farah. Vishnu, a question for you with respect to digitally connected lifestyle. So what's your opinion on how important a digitally connected lifestyle is and what impact does that have on consumer behaviors here in the state of Qatar? Good question. I think a little bit about a Canadian philosopher if you're familiar with Marshall McLuhan. Marshall said, we have what we behold. We shape our tools and then our tools shape us. Here in Qatar we've just done some recent research and if you will indulge me for a second I'd like to share with you one of the slides of some output talking really about the digital lifestyle and change behavior. If I could get the next slide please, yes. When you look into really the, and this is based on Qatar of course, some 2000 quantitative interviews, when you look into the data you can see that really this is very much about empowered individuals, people, this increasingness, this increased openness and sharing where you have 40% of people, of course, posting information every day where you have about 37% of people believing in virtual interactions. For you and I, some of us, we probably value a face-to-face interaction or so and a virtual interaction. Here you can see that, of course, connectivity in all aspects, whether it's mobile, having access to services is extremely important, 52% of people, it's important to be able to access the internet wherever I am. And then the last aspect is really about the importance of the digital appearance. 50% of people saying that really it's online based services is extremely important to modern day life here in Qatar. So really does this mean, I mean, a couple of key things, you've heard the term about digital natives and of course these are the generation that are growing up, they cannot imagine a world without a mobile phone or internet at the fingertips. You see the smartphone explosion and the different kinds of devices here that we have here in Qatar, the high penetration devices, but the digital natives are such.  They're always constantly connected to their networks, their tribes and that's very important, why? My son is 10 years old. In 10 years or 11 years or 12 years, he'll make his way into the workforce. He's a kid that knows about iPads and smartphones and wireless and being connected constantly. The impact that that will have on the workforce will be tremendous because he's such an empowered individual, it's the same for that will happen in Qatar with the digital natives. When they enter into the workforce, they have a very different perspective. They will, of course, challenge traditional ideas, they will challenge authority and it's going to be a balance of your experience in your company if you want to attract this kind of talent to foster innovation, you're going to have to balance your experience, your knowledge, where you came from and of course taking into the aspects of digital natives entering into the workforce. And that's an important aspect to keep at the back of your mind as you propel, as you look at how Qatar is going forward into the future, how you manage these digital natives into that. Dishni, I know that I said one question and then I'll do, but I just need to ask this one question with respect to your opinion on the broadband plan and its alignment to the demand or the demands or customer demands in Qatar since you already started talking about customer demands and trends there. Can you please give us your point of view on that? Yes, when it comes to the national broadband plan, I mean, of course, when we look into our analysis and the research that we've done here in Qatar, I'll show you a couple more slides and some data points really to address the demand side as well as the supply side. These are key aspects that I talk about. If I go to the next slide, if you see, for example, technology as the next slide comes up, it's important first to understand the needs and what are the needs here in Qatar? And we're just, we have a very diverse when it comes to the population itself. You have a small population of locals, you have a huge transient expatriate population and it's important to understand those needs and how technology can fulfill on those needs. So the different groups of people, of course, if you look at an expatriate, how could technology fulfill in the areas of keeping that connection, that belongingness to my family? What can technology do to fulfill those needs? How does it fulfill the needs of my aspirations for my children growing up in the society and the future? How do I feel when I do get connectivity? How can I address those needs when it comes to self-gratification, when it comes to belongingness, when it comes to, of course, looking to the future and having personal development? These are the needs that we need to consider if we want, when we look at the outside interview from the consumer perspective and making small changes to the way we communicate and we use the internet. I mean, if you think about the internet, the things that we see today is a result of IP. We're communicating this connectivity as all a result of IP. So the first step is to understand the needs and address the needs of the consumers. The next, I can show you some numbers around it when it comes to, and this aligns when you look into the broadband plan, really what are the barriers to broadband adoption? It is a lack of awareness. It is issues around security and it is issues around the language. So you can see some of the examples from the quotations from the focus groups. You know, in Arabic, www doesn't really exist for me. So that's a challenge. You see other quotations here around security issues where impersonation is an extremely, an issue and a society with social norms like we have in Qatar, it's very important to address. The lack of awareness, the ICT awareness is also a challenge. 18% of people, as you see, internet users, doing purchases online. So there's a huge potential, for example, for e-commerce, where the challenge is around education and awareness to address them for Qatar. The last thing I would say in the next slide, while we're in this topic of barriers and drivers, looking into one example here around broadband as such, when it comes to, well, what's really driving the experience of this broadband? As I think about the focus groups that I observed here in Doha, you know, the current experience for people when it comes to fixed broadband is that it's slow, people have a belief in the future around fiber and believe that that will satisfy their needs. But if we look at the current experience, today some of the issues are around complaint resolution, if you look at this piece of analysis, and then, of course, the value for money, the cost, what people actually pay and what they get in return for that investment does not meet their expectations. So these are the things that, yes, policies address one aspect, but we also need to look as an industry how we can address other issues in the areas around the demand and the supply side for the connectivity for ICT here in Qatar. Thank you, thank you Vishnu. Mr. Khaled, I want to move into the topic of supply chain, supply chain security, as it's a very important component that refers to the efforts to obviously enhance the overall security of supply chain. What is your perspective on how we can actually ensure that broadband providers are in conformance with such applicable security measures? And what, in your opinion, is the applicable measure there? First of all, I mean, it's not fair. I'm getting the tough questions. We agree that ICT will get the easy questions. But let me share with you actually supply, and because Mr. Vishnu, and also Kerry, she mentioned about supply and privacy and controls and how we can control all that, I will share with you a movie I saw 15 years ago. It's about cloning, because 15 years ago, cloning was actually a new concept. You know, there was a guy in this movie who was really, let's say, overwhelmed with family demands, social demands, kids, you know, so he decided to visit a doctor and cologne himself. The first cologne was perfect, probably better than the original. The second cologne was some deficiencies. The fourth cologne was a nutcase. Now, while I'm using this, I'm trying to explain and move you to basically reality now. What happens? How many of us would depend on actual suppliers and outsourcers, or basically some of our business operations? Come on guys, show of hands. I think most of us. Thank you, thank you. I think most of us rely on actual suppliers and we outsour our business operations. What happens when you basically, when you depend on suppliers, when you outsource? What happens? How frequently, basically, we assess, you know, again, the operation of the supply chain. How frequently we do evaluation on, you know, talking fast while talking slow. How frequently we evaluate actually the controls of the supply chain. I don't know if you do it, but in reality, we don't do it. And that's one of the issues, basically, when it comes to also, you know, technology adoption and broadband adoption. Now, what is the solution? The supply chain is as good as you. Meaning, if you have a strong compliance recognition, compliance mechanism in your organization, if you have, let's say, sufficient or efficient risk management in a solution or mechanism in your organization, that will reflect on the supply chain. If you don't have these measures, if you don't have, let's say, again, an efficient information security program in your organization, compliance and risk, it will not reflect on the supply chain. So this is the challenge. How to address it? Make sure the controls you're applying in your organization is reflected on the supply chain. Make sure you do those external, you know, assessments of the supply chain. Make sure that you have, you know, you do the site visits, you do the testing, the quality assurance testing. We don't do quality assurance testing. One of the most effective industry, I personally, you know, have the, let's say, opportunity to work with with the satellite industry. Why? Okay. Anthony, I know you're smiling. Because in the satellite industry, I realize, you know, quality assurance and assessments happening at the requirement phase. People in the satellite industry really focus on testing, testing, testing, testing. Integration testing, stress testing. Because what happens, you know, after three years of manufacturing or two years of manufacturing, that satellite, they cannot have access to it once the satellite is in space. That satellite must provide service for almost 15 or 16 years. So that's why quality assurance and supply chain management is very effective in the satellite industry. And I wish we can really, you know, learn from that industry in the broadband or the network industry. Thank you. Thank you, Khaled. And before we get to engineer Yasir, how many sports fans do we have here? Football fans. Soccer fans from North America. Excellent. I'm personally very excited. And before, you know, just a general question here, you know, I'm eager to, and I'm sure the audience is eager to really know what you and your colleagues have been doing for the past three years or so. And in conjunction with that, what is your opinion on the role of information communication technologies broadband with respect to the impact of that on the various stadiums? Since the award for Qatar to host the World Cup back in December 2010, many steps have been taken to ensure a successful delivery of the event. I will start with the establishment of the Supreme Committee, Qatar 2022, by an Amiri degree back in April 2011. The mandate of the organization is to ensure that all stakeholders know exactly what they are supposed to deliver for this event. And we have it in three main areas. Competition venue, which includes the stadiums and the training site has direct responsibility for the Supreme Committee to ensure that delivery from starting of the design all the way to the construction and handing over that to the organization committee which will come in place by 2015. And the second mandate is around the non-competition venues include the accommodation for the FIFA for the teams and for fans also include the IBC and the fan zones. And our role as a Supreme Committee for this area is to ensure that our stakeholders deliver this specification according to our plan and according to our requirements. The third element around that is the infrastructure which includes Qatar rail projects expressways that's being delivered by Ashghal. ICT plays a major role in that also the port and the airport. And again our role in that again is to ensure to monitor the progress and to ensure delivery of these projects. What we have done in the last couple of years is we have established what we call a baseline book includes all of these projects the scope, the budget the timeline, the risks and who's doing what. And we have shared that with our board and our stakeholders and to give them an idea of how a successful World Cup will look like. And we are currently in a stage where we are reviewing that baseline and we will share it again with our stakeholders. I will go back to the core business which is delivering stadiums. As of today we have up to six stadiums in different stage of design. These stadiums are Al-Waqra and Khor Qatar Foundation Khalifa stadiums Rayyan and the Iconic stadium will host the opening and final ceremony in Lusail city. As I said all of these stadiums are in different stage of design and hopefully by next year action will be seen in the ground construction will start in five of them around enabling work piling and early packages. Main contractors will be on the ground toward the end of the year. Our aim is to ensure the delivery of these stadiums by 2020 in order for us to be ready for the Confederation Cup by 2021. One important element that we have in mind as part of Supreme Committee is legacy as I highlighted in my remark at the beginning. Legacy is always what we are planning to have post 2022. So we have established a legacy committee early in 2013 and they are we have representative from different agencies in Qatar and the main role of the legacy committee is to ensure that we have a proper planning for these stadiums beyond the event and they are part of the get approval stages that we have so we don't move into the next stage of the design unless we get approval from the legacy committee for them to make sure that we plan what's needed for these stadiums as post use for example to have for example in Wakra we're going to have schools we're going to have one school and we're going to have a hotel and a community market around the master plan. To go back to your questions about ICT I think the main show will be the football not ICT sorry to say that but we are planning and preparing ourselves to ensure that all the right infrastructure are in place for this event such as Wi-Fi electronic ticketing and real time information coming to your device but after what I've heard from Richard earlier today it's going to make your life easier to use this technology but it's going to make mine very difficult because we are in a stage where we are designing these venues so we have to design and build these venues in a way that they're going to be flexible to accommodate such technologies because as we know that this technology do not exist today so we have to plan for those up front basically we are future proof venues against emerging technologies just to add to engineer Yasin I mean I will probably proceed nightmares because from all the technologies and you need to have the challenge basically to provide and my talent is going to make sure that everything is properly safely delivered so it's going to be nightmares definitely but we are for the challenge I just want to thank you all for those remarks I think we're actually run out of time but just in terms of closing remarks it's clear that each and every industry that we deal with has specific challenges that are specific to the actual industry whether we're talking about patient privacy from a healthcare perspective or other industries or the supply chain aspect different demands different types of consumer bases it's critical that we understand the various consumers the various needs what drives them to adopt these various technologies and address each and every one of those from a different perspective so without further ado thank you to each and every one of our panelists it's been a true pleasure


So, welcome to the 17th discussion that I am going to have with you. In the previous discussion we had seen a very beautiful relationship between the unit step and the unit impulse. The unit step was the running integral of the unit impulse and consequently it should be true that if I take the derivative of a unit step it should give me the unit impulse, but we saw a problem there. The unit step is not a continuous function. So, actually it is inappropriate if you wish to call it that to take a derivative in the sense of traditional calculus, but here is where we are going to start to deviate a little bit in this course on signals and systems. We are going to accept that we will allow derivatives of discontinuous functions, but of course those discontinuities must be isolated like they are at the unit step. The unit step has only one discontinuity. So, let us draw it. So, 0 all the way from minus infinity up to this point and 1 from this point onwards that is the unit step and we have agreed that this is discontinuous at an isolated point. So, discontinuity isolated. So, we are saying that we shall accept its derivative and now just to complete what we were trying to do last time, we shall actually find the derivative of this in the traditional way that we do in calculus. How do you find the derivative? You would shift the function a little, subtract the shifted function from the original function, divide that by the shift that you applied and take the limit as the shift tends to 0. Let me write that down. What I am saying is if I want to find dx t dt, I am essentially going to take x t plus say a little tiny delta minus x t divided by delta with a limit as delta tends to 0. Now of course this should also be equal to limit as delta tends to 0 of x t minus x t minus delta divided by delta and for that matter also the limit as delta tends to 0 of x t plus delta by 2 minus x t minus delta by 2 divided by delta. Now all this is fine when we are talking about a function which is continuous at a point t. There is no problem. In fact continuous and differentiable. So, if the right limit of the derivative and the left limit of the derivative is the same then all this is true. So, in traditional calculus we do not accept derivatives at points where the function is discontinuous. In the unit step therefore we will have trouble at the point of discontinuity. In principle you could take a derivative everywhere else, but not quite at the point of discontinuity. But now in this course we are going to bring in these generalized functions as we have agreed and therefore that notion of derivative is acceptable. So, therefore let us take the first definition that we have written down here for the derivative namely shift it forward subtract the original function from the shifted function and then divide by the shift with the shift tending towards 0. So, let me illustrate what I am saying by referring to the specific expression that I have written here. You know what I am saying is that here unlike what you might understand in traditional calculus where you say you are looking at the change in the function as it goes away from t, we are interpreting this in the language of signals and systems and calling this a shifted version. So, a shifted version of x t and this is the shift is a slightly different interpretation of the derivative where the expression has not changed, but it is more signals and systems like if you know what I mean. The reason why I am emphasizing this so much is I am going to use the properties of linear shift invariant systems now. So, I am going to ask a general question about linear shift invariant system which will help me answer what is the unit impulse response of that RC circuit. To answer that question it is not easy to apply an impulse we do not even understand what applying an impulse means at first go to the circuit. So, it is of course not too difficult to understand what happens when we apply a unit step. Let us complete that discussion anyway. We know what this RC circuit does when you apply a unit step. When you apply a unit step to this let us denote the unit step by ut. So, ut is this function what happens this is the input and let us draw the output on the same graph. We assume the capacitor is initially uncharged. So, all the while when the input is 0 nothing happens the capacitor remains uncharged and then afterwards we realize that the capacitor cannot have a sudden change of voltage across it. So, all the voltage would appear across the resistor initially and therefore, the capacitor voltage would rise steadily from 0 steadily with an exponential pattern. So, it would look like a asymptotic exponential rise and we know the expression. So, we will call it the unit step response here and let us denote the unit step response by S of t. S of t as this expression as this figure shows is essentially 1 minus e raised to the power minus t by tau times ut where tau is the product of resistance and capacitance. Now, you can check this expression you know as at t equal to 0 S t is equal to 0 as t tends to plus infinity S t tends towards 1. So, this fits our whole picture. Now, let us ask a general question. I know that if I took the derivative of a unit step I should get the unit impulse, but then I need to justify that by the definition of a derivative and let me do that now. So, let us ask what is the derivative of a unit step in the traditional sense. So, it should be something if we take the first definition it should be something like ut plus delta minus ut divided by delta with a limit as delta tends to 0 and let us sketch ut plus delta. So, ut plus delta starts from minus delta here and let us sketch ut of course, ut starts delta after this is ut and this is ut plus delta and remember you are subtracting the red function from the black function and you are dividing this difference by delta or multiplying it by 1 by delta. Let us draw that difference and scaled version. So, what we have is essentially this. So, ut plus delta minus ut into 1 by delta as it where will look like this from minus delta to 0 and a height of 1 by delta and there again you can see that this is the famous narrow pulse that we have been discussing all this while narrow pulse going to an impulse as delta tends to 0. So, we are in good shape we have verified even by using the notion of a derivative as we understand in traditional calculus that if I took the derivative of a unit step I would get unit impulse. Now, I leave it to you to verify this by using the other two expressions. So, this is what we call a forward difference you could take a backward difference namely ut minus ut minus delta divided by delta or you could take a balanced difference ut plus delta by 2 minus ut minus delta by 2 divided by delta all of them would really give you a very similar looking narrow pulse which would move towards an impulse as the width tends to 0. Now, the general question that we need to ask is what happens when I take the derivative of the input to a linear shift invariant system? What happens to the output? So, let me frame the question and we shall answer that question in the next discussion after invoking the appropriate principles of linearity and shift invariance. Let me frame the question. So, we know what to expect in the discussion that will come. The question is I have this linear shift invariant system here. Let us call it S and I give the input x t to it and get the output y t. What would happen? What would the output be if x t is replaced by dx t dt? What would happen to y t? That is the question that we want to answer and I am sure you must have already thought of an answer, but we will formally answer it in the discussion that will ends you very shortly. However, do think about it before you come back to the next discussion. Thank you.


Good morning from Boston. It's a beautiful spring morning here. Hope you're having a great weather in your neck of the boot. Welcome to the 17th edition of USCIC's Biopharma and Healthcare Summit. We have an exciting lineup of colleagues. Today, each panel has been well-crafted with a mix of only-stage biopharma companies, the large biopharma, investors, and the regulatory side. Please take advantage of excellent, talented colleagues who have joined us from all over the world to be with us, virtually. USCIC is a group of smart, passionate folks with a heart. As I've said in the past, when good people come together, good things happen. And today is no exception. For the benefit of medical students and young researchers, we have kept the summit registration free for the fourth year. Students and young researchers and industry colleagues are our future leaders. And we are happy and proud to support them. Since the last summit, we focused on taking clinical trials in India forward. We launched an initiative with the help of Dr. Andrew Plum and several of R&D heads. We collated some data and partnered with the USCIC to bring out a white paper. Few startling figures which came, and I found personally very disturbing, were India with 1.6 of the world population with 1.44 billion people. India's share in the global clinical trials is less than 3.2%. This is absolutely ethically, scientifically, and morally wrong. We need to correct this. The good thing is the sponsors, our industry colleagues, the CROs are very keen to increase their footprint in India and hopeful and optimistic that there is a good possibility that these trials can go up by 5x in the next coming years. Sujay, our colleague from PwC, would be presenting his findings from the white paper on clinical trial opportunities in India. I would not like to go into it, but PwC has taken a deep dive into the clinical lands escape trials in India and hope you'll find his presentation and the white paper interesting. With India taking presidency of G20 this year, it's a great opportunity to elevate the level of discussion for the R&D and the global supply chain in the G20 forum. We are honored and privileged to have the G20 Sherpa from India, Amitabh Khan, who has been a great supporter of USAIC for over 14 years, help us out in a panel discussion. And I'm hopeful with his help R&D and the global supply chain agenda would become the focus of the health care initiative at the G20 meeting, which is going to happen with the leadership of world leaders in September in India this year. USAIC is committed to gender equity. We are slowly but definitely making progress. A lot can be done, and we will continue to put enough efforts towards gender equity. Thanks to our sponsors, without home, this meeting would not have been possible. In terms of names, let me go alphabetically. If I may, Amjad, Bharat Bhartak, Dr. Aladdin want his name to be announced to keep it anonymous, Biocon, Biogen, Johnson & Johnson, Jubilant, Merck, Pfizer, and Takeda. Thank you so much. Today is going to be a great learning and fun day. Grab your tea, coffee, lunch, drink, or a dinner and watch our chair and EMC, the one and the only one, Dr. Andrew Plav, run today's summit. Over to Andy. Karun, thank you so much. And thank you for everything you do to bring this conference to so many people around the globe. As I'm listening to your opening comments, I reflect firstly what a privilege it is to be part of this summit for many years and to have the incredible honor to emcee for the past eight. It's terrific. And every year I make this comment, this is the best agenda ever. It's an incredible lineup of esteemed individuals. And I hope that many of our viewers are able to stay for most of the day. The second reflection as you're making your comments is I think about how unbelievably massive our world is when we think about the global challenges we face. And I also think about how small our world is, that I have the chance for my office attic to address thousands of young and old around the world. So with that said, just a few introductory comments. And if we can please go to the next slide. And for those of you who saw my talk last year, it was wizardry last year, because I did my talk without any slides, that we had some technical issues. So I'm hoping that doesn't happen this year. But I left on a positive note. And that was regarding the incredible acceleration of innovation that we've been seeing in this century. If we just look at a timeline, we can take events such as an event that occurred and towards the end of the 19th century. And that was the first serendipitous identification by Johann Meister of DNA working with leukocytes and culture. Wasn't until 50 years later that a very famous trio of Watson, Crick and of course, Rosalind Franklin identified the structure of DNA, the famous double helix. Wasn't then until another 50 years, half of a century until we actually had that full genome sequenced. And that was really at the turn of the 21st century. And what happened after that 150 page nature journal that very few of us read end to end? What happened the next day? Absolutely nothing. People woke up and they thought, well, what just happened? We made this huge investment. We know every piece of DNA in the human genome. We know much of the variability that exists in the human genome. But what's happened? Nothing. Well, it takes time to unravel a mystery as grand as our genome. And that's happened in Troves over the last 20 years. The progress that we've seen over the last 20 years and I'll posit predominantly driven by advances in human genetics have been just remarkable. Now, of course it's human, not human genetics alone. It's our understanding of mechanistic biology, the work that's done by graduate students and postdocs and principal investigators in academic laboratories. And it's this explosion of therapeutic modalities, that trio, human genetics, mechanistic biology and modality diversification that allowed us to make just incredible headway in healthcare over the past years. And you see some examples of in cell therapy and gene therapy, even in vaccines. We've had a vaccine that was just approved in DANGY that I'll comment to in a second that offers to change the course of human disease, not just in wealthy countries, but across the globe. If we go to the next slide, please. The ecosystem that we live in is incredibly complex, but it works. And there are three drivers to innovation. There's the academic research center, there's the biotechnology and investment community and of course there's the community that I live in and that's the biopharmaceutical community. And it's this interplay between these three organizations driven by mission to deliver healthcare to patients in need.  And for us to maintain that business model, we have to ensure that we maintain our reputation and that's been something that we've been challenged with over the years. In order for us to work together in this triad, we require partnerships and I've listed some of the great partnerships that have been stood up over the years, the innovative health initiative in the EU, accelerating medicines for patients in the NIH, EU medicines for all, DANGY zero across countries, multi-regional clinical trials. All of these are necessary for us to come together to overcome the complexity of biology and deliver medicines to patients. If we go to the next slide please, let me just double click on comments that Perun has made. We call this meeting N of one to N of a billion. N of one is the kind of innovation that we can do today. We can make individual therapies for single patients, but we have billions of patients in need to require those therapies. There's no country, no region, no democracy in the world as that calls that to the forefront as much as India. We look at examples of respiratory disease where 20% of the world burden of respiratory diseases in India, yet only 3% of trials that are studying medicines for respiratory diseases are taking place in India. There is a gap and that is our responsibility to fill that gap. If we go to the next slide please, but we're seeing progress and we're gonna talk about some of that progress today. Naturally, a lot of the barrier that exists now is not real, it's perception, it's myth. We've seen great regulatory reforms. We've seen and we'll talk about this in one of the panels. We've seen a growth of top notch investigators in tier one and tier two cities. The Indian government has stepped up immensely collaborations and policy reforms. And there's an opportunity with all of the unrest in Eastern Europe, which was a hotbed for clinical trials for the industry to make up for a lot of that loss in India. So if we go to the next slide please, and this will be my last slide and then we'll get the day started. We have an obligation. We have an incredible privilege to do what we do. We're in life science. We get to unravel the mysteries of life and we get to turn that knowledge into medicines for patients. That is a privilege. We also have an opportunity and that's an opportunity to deliver those medicines to patients across the world.