Hi everyone. Nice to see you. My name is Agustin Almansi. I'm the Director of Sales Engineering at VNC Automotive. And I'm here to talk to you today about the evolving software landscape in the automotive industry and how open source can foster continuous innovation. So thank you for your time. Hopefully you find it interesting. I will leave some time at the end for questions. So this is the agenda for the presentation. So we'll talk about why the automotive OEMs are racing to embrace software development and make it a key buying decision when you're deciding what your next car should be. We look at how customer demand and by customer I mean usually the driver. How their demand for the rich services that they're used to using in other devices like smartphones or computers has influenced how the technology in ABI has been progressing over the last 10, 15 years. We'll look at the open source projects and standards that have been used as building blocks to enable such technologies that we have today. And finally we'll look at the future and the opportunities that can be enabled by using such open building blocks to continue innovating in the industry. So just first of all in case you're not familiar with our company VNC Automotive. We started the company about 13 years ago based in Cambridge in the UK. We were a division of the real VNC company who were the original creators of the VNC, the RFB protocol, virtual network computing for controlling one device from another by way of viewing the screen and sending the events remotely. So that was used mostly for enterprise use but we were the automotive division trying to use that same technology inside the vehicle and that's how we got into the IBI space and such forth. So yeah, our main business is automotive software and hardware basically focused on the device connectivity so connecting different devices together to access those services in a smooth and convenient way as well as telematics and rear seat entertainment. Our software has been used in around 30, 35 million cars today. So we have quite a long heritage in this field and we have customers all over the world, quite a lot of them focus in the Asian region. So we have offices as well in Korea, Japan and China and then we do a lot of business in West Europe so Germany, France, those kind of markets and then North America, US and Canada. So based on our experience doing IBI projects and supporting customers in these different geographical regions we think we have some good input and feedback on the presentation I'm going to show today. Okay, so first part of the presentation. So we'll look at the trends which are driving the changes today in the software development in the automotive industry. So as you read on the news there's a lot of very exciting new customer facing innovations happening at the moment. There's a lot of work being done on ADAS to eventually get to driverless fully autonomous driving technology. So there's a lot of deployments already around the world. So Tesla is deploying this already in North America. ExPang is deploying this already in some cities in China with good success. And there's a lot of development on the hardware side to enable this, right? So on the sensors, whether using LiDAR as one approach or computer vision as another approach, that's all coming together to enable this potential future for the future. Electrification is another big area of innovation at the moment. So the car OEMs are very focused on improving the range of the battery, improving the efficiency of the motors to allow the driver to charge the car as little as possible. And when they do have to charge it to make sure it charges as quickly as possible to make it as smooth as currently it is with an internal combustion engine. And they're doing a lot of development, not just the OEMs themselves, but also governments and other industries around them into the infrastructure to make sure that there is that charging capability. And another big area at the moment of innovation is in the device integration. So bringing other devices and interfacing them into the vehicle. So things like digital keys where you can use your phone or special ID card to unlock your vehicle and also smartphone integration. So being able to connect into the vehicle from your phone to perhaps, you know, your upstairs in your house.  It's very cold outside. You can use it using the app for the phone, log into the vehicle and start the climate control. So the car is nice and warm by the time you start. So all of this development is coming on now and it's all very exciting. But what's not so much talked about is the huge amount of new software that is needed to actually enable all of this customer facing innovations. So that's what I want to talk about, you know, how the automotive industry is coping with such high amounts of new software developments. So if we look at the past, how have the automotive industry differentiated themselves? So that was always done through the hardware. So the hardware capabilities of the car. So that was the reason why I as a customer would choose one particular car we have when I was buying my new vehicle over another one. Either things like engine performance.  So, you know, usually very expensive cars will have very expensive interiors, very comfortable leather seats and wood accents and things like that. Another important buy and decision was the reliability of the car. So, as you know, the car, the internal combustion car is a very mechanical set of components. A car we M that can use a very high quality mechanics and optimize them very well can mean means the car can last a longer time without so much repairs. And that was one reason that, you know, you may want to choose a particular OEM over another. So as you can see, that's kind of always been their expertise, you know, the nuts and bolts of what makes a car. So this, you know, this kind of focus on the hardware elements, you know, let the business model for them into repairs and maintenance. So, you know, they sold you the car once and then they will get some revenue from you over the coming years that you have the vehicle as different components of the car break down. You need to take it to the garage, change, you know, change the tire or change some issue with the engine. They always, you know, they'll get a cut from all of these hardware parts. So that was kind of the traditional business model. So as you can see, software doesn't really play a big part in this. In fact, because the software in the car until recently couldn't easily be updated, the software had to be as stable as possible. And that meant they had to be as simple as possible, as an unambitious as possible to make sure that it was, you know, as reliable and didn't require any changes. So that meant the car OEM stuck to very, what I would say, you know, simple operating systems like Realtime operating systems like QNX, for example, which are mostly focused on, you know, just driving the mechanical aspects like the sensors and the steering controls, driving controls. Make sure that happens in a very smooth and reliable way. There is no big capabilities in those operating systems to provide very rich graphics or very complex user-facing applications. But, you know, things have changed in the last few years, as you know, if you bought a car recently. And electrification is one of the things that have forced that change in the industry. So because of the changing technology, the actual engines have become a lot simpler. The electric motors, because they are simpler, require less components, they end up being more reliable, so they don't break down as often. And also, they are cheaper to manufacture and cheaper to assemble. And, you know, because of these components, getting cheaper and getting, you know, getting less complex, it means that more companies, more suppliers have gone into the market and commoditized key components like the powertrains and the battery development. So that means that there's a lot of new car OEMs jumping into the market. It's a lot easier to start from scratch and build an electric car. You can take your batteries from companies like LG in Korea, get your powertrain from some European manufacturer, and then, you know, quite quickly you can put together an EV. So this means that the playing field has been leveled, and there's not so much difference in the hardware components being used. So the decisions that, you know, someone's buying a new car are thinking about, they don't see that much difference when they look at all these new EV vehicles, right? So that means that if you're a car OEM with a lot of hardware expertise before, you're striving now to differentiate yourself over these other potentially cheaper OEM alternatives. So that's one thing, but also the consumers, the customers, they, over the last ten years, they have got used to very rich, very powerful services, using, you know, running on their smartphones and their tablets, computers, those kind of devices. Development has come a very long way there in terms of the software, but also the user experience, you know, they look and feel how easy it is to use them, how all these services talk to each other. And they're now demanding such functionality to be available inside the car as well. So people, especially the younger generation, are now making their car decisions not just based on the power of the engine, but also on, you know, how easy it is to connect to a smartphone, does it connect, you know, does it allow me to use my Apple Music account, those kind of things. So both of these kind of trends have kind of come together to make the car OEM start focusing more on the functionality of the ABI experience. And that meant that they had to, you know, develop software and start using software as a way to differentiate themselves from the next OEM. So this is obviously leading to a bit of a change in how the OEMs work and design the software platforms. In the past, they would just specify a few high-level requirements and just let the tier ones make all the actual implementation decisions. That led with a very fragmented kind of experience. Typically, you know, a car OEM will have multiple tier ones supplying different models or different geographical regions. And that meant that, you know, different tier ones will end up choosing different underlying technologies. The user experience will end up being a bit different. And it just means that, well, both the consumer and the customer, you know, gets a bit of an inconsistent experience. But also it means that the car OEM doesn't have that much control in terms of pushing new features and pushing fast software development. Because, like I said, it was all kind of subcontracted out to the tier ones. So they're now trying to bring more of this in-house. And we've really seen this from some of our projects with them over the last few years. They are making the key decisions about what technologies and what features need to go into the next generation platforms that they design. And they're also trying to bring software engineers into their ecosystem as well. So things like the platform or some high level applications can be developed in-house directly by the OEMs. That means that they can more quickly, you know, innovate and add new features and push new software. But this is quite a kind of a frictitious rom-pop. The software needs that need to be met across many industries today. As you know, software developers are very, you know, very high in demand at the moment. So it's been quite a slow process to get the car OEMs to recruit the right people. And also the kind of developers they already had in-house or that were already working in the automotive industry tend to be more low level engineers, more experience in things like C and C++, looking at the low level systems. Whereas now, you know, if you want to have very nice and impressive looking graphics and animations and things of that in your HMI, then you're looking more at application developers which tend to be more experienced in the smartphone platforms. But also it's a bit of a change needed in the actual mentality of developing software. In the past, the car OEM, when they were planning the next generation units, they would probably have five to seven years lead time. So they start planning the specifications. The tier one then starts developing some of the software. There's some very rigorous long duration testing and then eventually ends up in the next car that goes into the markets in five, seven years time. Whereas now, you know, that needs to change. It needs to be much quicker. There needs to be a lot more iteration. Again, more akin to what happens in the smartphone world where applications and operating systems get updated very, very regularly. Kind of on a monthly basis as opposed to a kind of multi-year cycle that they used to have. So, you know, they're trying to get there and, you know, they are making good progress. But it is a big change. That screen show that I put there is taken from a recent Mercedes car. That's the interface for how to pair a Bluetooth device, which I think you can all agree still looks very old fashioned, very clunky compared to the smooth UIs you see on your iPhone or your Android phones. So, you know, there'll still be some some ramp up to get there. So, progression of our IBI services. So, we will have a look now at how the services that the user and the consumer is demanding on the car. How are they being brought into the IBI system over the last years, 10, 15 years, let's say. So, we'll focus on multimedia and device connectivity because that's the features that customers are asking about. So, things like, you know, navigation, accessing their favorite music, music content, those kind of things. But also, I'll focus on this area because that's the area that my company has the most experience in. So, I have a good insight into how that's been progressing. And I'll spend a good amount of time not just on the history of IBI development, but also on the key open standards and open technologies that have enabled that functionality. And you'll see as I go through that that a lot of lessons are being learned and a lot of decisions, you know, the right decisions are being repeated and carried over into the next generation. So, how have these services been integrated into the car vehicle in a safe way, in kind of a drive safe way? That's what we'll look at now. So, you know, in the early days, you know, people were starting to buy things like iPods and portable music players. They started accumulating a big database of MP3 files of the favorite songs. And they wanted a way to play that when they're in the car using the very nice, very powerful speaker system that comes built into the vehicles. So, that was the first service that kind of found its way into the IBI system. Apple tried to develop a bit of a standard for this using the iPods and iPhone USB connector, the old 30-pin connector before the lightning port came about. But it didn't really catch on a lot back then. Apple's market share wasn't as powerful as it is now. And, you know, car VMs were still very fragmented into how they embraced new technologies. So, that didn't go too far. I think BMW was one of the main ones that adopted this connectivity. But, you know, a few years later, Bluetooth became the way to share audio inside the vehicle. So, that's been widely implemented now across different cars, but also the smartphones and other devices, consumption devices that the user brings into the vehicle. So, you know, Bluetooth is an open standard. There's a specification that anyone can adopt into the products. There's a robust certification program to make sure interoperability works well. But they still leave a bit of room for differentiation across the people implementing Bluetooth in their products through the use of codecs. So, for example, Qualcomm have implemented some high bandwidth, high quality audio codecs in their SoCs.  So, this was a bit of an early kind of success story, I would say. So, you have an open specification. You have a good certification program. And you still allow a bit of flexibility and customization by each of the people implementing it so they can differentiate themselves. Navigation was the next big thing to get into the car from these portable devices and kind of the online world. Customers were unhappy with the way that the native built-in navigation was working, because the software wasn't easily updatable back then in the car. Usually it was quite outdated or unreliable in some areas. Whereas people were getting used to, you know, Google Maps and Apple Maps, those kind of services which were getting improved really quickly on the smartphone world. So, Ford was one of the first ones to try to bring this smartphone navigation app into the vehicle. So, they worked with a few specific up vendors based on their Ford Sync technology they tried to develop. But because it required a lot of work from the application developers and a lot of the key apps like Google Maps, for example, you know, was never really on board, it was very limited adoption. So, the car connectivity consortium came along a bit later. It was a group of all the major car vendors and the major smartphone vendors. They tried to develop the first actual kind of industry standard for how to bring navigation applications into the IBI screen. So, you know, they developed a specific specification that was available online. There was a certification program as well. But, you know, this was very successful. There was quite a few applications like SciJek and a few other popular ones. And parking applications like Parkopedia, for example. And it was widely adopted in phones and cars. But, you know, there's still some roadblocks there. Apple never adopted MirrorLink, for example. Certification program was quite tricky. They put a lot of restrictions into how the app should look and should work. So, you know, a little bit of adoption, but it didn't really catch on in the industry. But there was some good lessons to learn from that, which we will see carried forward into the more recent standards. So, the MirrorLink standard decided to grab a few of the open standards and protocols that were available at the time, rather than try to reinvent things or do them in a preparatory way. So, for the kind of the screen replication, screen mirroring elements, they used the VNC protocol. And that's how we became involved in this a long time ago. For audio, Bluetooth, as we talked about, real-time protocol for high-quality and compressed audio over USB was used as well. And device authentication, so, you know, making sure that a certified phone was connected to a certified car that was all handled through X509 certificates and a public key cryptography. And we will see that being carried through to the other standards. And then, later on, they added wireless support using the Wi-Fi display protocol from the Wi-Fi Alliance. And in terms of codecs to speed up the performance rather than sending, you know, uncompressed video data, they embraced the H264 standard, which was quite new back then, which is backed by hardware acceleration on both sides and delivers good performance. There's another standard you might have heard a bit about. So, it's called Smart Device Link. So, that was an alternative standard. Now, today, the good thing about it is not just an open standard, it's an actual open-source project. So, you don't just have to implement things yourself based on the specification. You can actually grab the full implementation from the GitHub page and quickly get up and running on your products. So, that was using more of a kind of web technology approach using JSON and RPC protocol for the communication. And then, for the user interface, using HTML and, again, relying on H264 phone mirroring for some of the rich content, like, you know, navigation, things that can't be put into a standard template of just simple data. Again, this had limited support because not many applications actually adopted this. You have to modify your application to enable this functionality. And, again, all the popular applications just didn't go this way. But, again, the fact that this was a fully open-source project was definitely a good step forward. So, that takes us to the last kind of five years, I would say. So, Apple and Google finally decided to make it possible to access these popular apps like Apple Maps, Google Maps, Apple Music inside an IBI system. So, of course, they did things their way. So, you know, they created the standards. They handled the certification program. They're kind of fully in control of the HMI and how that should look. So, that doesn't allow a lot of flexibility for the car VM to differentiate themselves. If you look at the car play screen on a BMW car, it will look the same as a car play screen on a Mercedes car. So, you know, that is changing. Apple and Google have announced some new features to provide a bit more customization. But still, you know, you really are giving a lot of control to the smartphone vendors. So, it's not ideal from the car VM point of view. But it has been very widely adopted because it's already built into those operating systems. So, the car VM doesn't have to worry about the phone side. Application developers don't have to do a lot of work either because, you know, there's a lot of good frameworks on iOS and Android to just make your app compatible. So, yeah, it's been really widely adopted pretty much every car VM these days with some minor exceptions, support Android Auto and or car play to enable music applications and navigation applications and even things like messaging like WhatsApp, those kind of things. But the interesting thing is, you know, they used all the same standards that we talked about from the last technologies. So, the video stream is encoded using H64 encoding. Authentication is handled again through X509 public key certificates. And Bluetooth is used for audio and there's other codecs for compressed audio over Wi-Fi. So, yeah, that's kind of up to the current standard. But if you look at this kind of current generation of vehicles, it's gone a bit of a step further. So, now that cars or at least some cars have a reliable internet connection rather than having to bring the application content and the internet connection from the phone they can just run the applications directly in the IBI and use the built-in SIM card to get access to the music library and the navigation content. So, these services are really integrated as web applications or in some cases, you know, people like Spotify and they will publish some web IPI that you can then develop your own kind of client implementation using HTTP and JSON. So, this gives the OEMs a lot more flexibility. So, as you can see, there's a screenshot there from an Audi car at the bottom right for Apple Music integration. It looks like it's an application running on an Audi car rather than some, you know, iOS interface. So, you know, that seems to be the way forward. But, of course, internet access is still not completely widespread. Still a lot of areas and countries where the connection is unreliable and then you lose access to streaming to your music and that's obviously still a big problem for the user experience. So, in terms of the building blocks in the IBI stack, you know, we talked about how the rich services like music, navigation and messaging have made it into the vehicle using all these open standards and open protocols. So, let's talk a little bit more about the middleware layer and then also the platform layer next. So, a key aspect in terms of middleware is authentication. So, for pretty much any kind of interaction that you do between the IBI and either devices or content, you know, you must make sure you have a secure, authenticated connection. So, that's done mostly with public key certificates and X509 standard. You're probably all very familiar with OpenSSL. It's an open source project which implements all of these cryptography standards. So, then you can very quickly, you know, add such functionality to your application rather than having to reinvent the wheel. And this is quite important and this is kind of the lesson to carry forward is that a lot of the times you need to pick what you want to differentiate on. There's no point in reinventing the wheel on some very simple, not necessarily simple but kind of low level functionality that if you get wrong, like cryptography, can actually bring a lot of new bugs and a lot of new issues into the system relying on something that's already published and already very mature is usually the best way forward. So, some recent application of authentication in the industry is this digital key functionality that a lot of the car EMS are now embracing. So, the car connectivity consortium, they've developed a standard for this using kind of building blocks like we talked about before in terms of X509 and then in terms of the communication channel between your phone and your car, kind of short range communication in a secure way either through NFC or Bluetooth for next generation. Another important layer of middleware is the car data. So, this is key for many different applications. So, things like insurance usage, making sure that your insurance company charges you accordingly to how you drive and your style rather than some generic profile that might be incorrect. Obviously, things like maintenance and fleet management are also key kind of consumers, let's say, of car data. So, there are some standards in the industry for how to talk about car data across different entities. There's this consortium called Kavisa which you may have heard about. They used to be called Geneva, Geneva Alliance in the past. They published this open standard called the vehicle signal specification which is basically kind of like a language model for how to describe car data in the vehicle. I don't know how big that screenshot comes across but it's based on this concept of a tree. So, you have sensors being the blue elements, so things that kind of pump out data and then you have actuators, the gray ones which you can actually get and set values onto. And then the branches can be grouped into higher level concepts so you might have a wheel and then you might have four wheels and then you end up with that overarching system you can dig deeper to read and set different values on. So, they make available a lot of tooling for how to generate actual code from the description that you set and they still allow some vendor specific functionality because the way maybe the unit that you talk in your system for speed might be different from the one that another OEM has chosen but it means that different entities looking at the same car data can have this common language between them. So, let's look at the platform level. So, in terms of IBI, AGL is a great example of pushing open source implementations rather than writing things from scratch. So, as you know, probably from a lot of the talks in this event, it's an open source distribution of Linux, customized for automotive. So, they've taken the Linux kernel and then they've added a lot of services and middleware to make it easier for a car OEM or someone developing some automotive product like clusters or third-party devices to get into the market by just focusing on the key branding or the key differentiating features. So, they use the blue set as the blue to stack. They use Wayland as the mirroring system, the windowing system. So, reusing all of these open standards and open protocols internally. Android is the other big player today in the IBI and they have the open source project called Android Automotive. So, this is a version of AOSP which has been customized to work in the automotive world by giving you access to the vehicle hardware extraction layer. So, then you can connect into your Canvas or whatever system you have for reading and writing the car data. So, the operating system itself is open source. You can just stop there if you want or if you also want to use the Google services, things like Google Assistant, Google Maps. You can then license their Google Automotive services which comes with a lot of requirements, a lot of restrictions, but you do get these great applications which, you know, the customers really enjoy and means you don't have to build them yourself from scratch. But, you know, there's a bit of a riff there. Some OEMs, they have gas and non-gas models, so there's a lot of kind of disparity there. People like Stellantis, I was reading recently, they launched Android Automotive with Google services, but they now decided to back away from that for the next generation because running the Google services is very taxing on the hardware resources and also, as we kind of covered a bit with things like CarPlay and Nudoto, Apple Maps and Google Maps, I mean, we'll start looking the same in the Volvo car as the Stellantis car, so, you know, there's a little bit of friction there, but there's no denying that Android is kind of here to stay in the automotive world. So I'll just get towards the end, whereas I'll leave us in terms of the future. So there's two key ways at the moment of pushing software to cars which have made things a bit easier in the industries over the air updates, both, you know, LTE or Wi-Fi, depending on how old your vehicle may be. This is great because it means that open source software that you're using in your platform can receive security patches often, you know, you may remember things like hard bleed vulnerabilities a while ago in OpenSSL. You know, it's very important to be able to patch these things quickly. And also, over the air updates, it means that you can, as a car VM, you can push new services and features kind of quicker to your users. You do have to be a bit careful. You know, there's already a bit of a trend of trying to push software as quickly as possible, and then, you know, force customers to call this massive day one update to actually fix all the bugs that you didn't have time to fix before. That's something that you see in the gaming industry, so, you know, you don't want that happening here in the automotive industry, but, you know, clearly there's a lot of flexibility enabled. And, you know, subscription services is another important trend coming in. People are used to this from their phones and their web services like Netflix and Spotify. And the car VMs are starting to jump into this a little bit as a way of getting a new revenue stream in the vehicle. So, you know, this is quite good for the consumer.    So, you know, being able to enable and disable features as your needs change is quite a nice user experience. And it encourages OEMs to keep innovating, right, because if you have someone paying for the service, you want them to keep paying for the service. So that encourages you to keep adding new features, keep fixing the bugs of their report, and it will keep improving the software. So in conclusion, we looked at all this different, you know, this model that's being used quite successfully in the IBI services with the combination of open protocols and open standards to deliver really rich experiences. You know, I think it can work well across the industry. And then, you know, how you actually glue these building blocks together as a car OEM or as a device vendor and how you make the user experience as smooth as possible. So that's how you go into differentiate yourself and make the customer choose your car over your competitor's car. So, yeah, I encourage everyone to keep, you know, developing and using such open building blocks to keep pushing the innovation forward. Okay, thank you very much. If you'd like to learn more, we have a booth in the next hall next door. If you'd like to see more about this or hear more about it. I think we have a couple of minutes, maybe, for questions. If you have anything you'd like to ask either now, let me know. If not, please come and find me here. Hi. I'm trying to wrap my head around this subscription services model. So you showed the BMW service where you have to pay for heated seats, right? Yes. Now, all of a sudden, you have to pay for a feature that you expected to have when you buy the car. And heated seats is one example. I mean, probably thinking of other services that want you to pay. You know, maybe you'll pay for sport mode in your car or steering wheel and all that. Have you seen anything to tell us whether there's customer acceptance for these things? Because my cynical view is that they'll still sell you the car at the same price and then they'll charge you extra for these services. That's my cynical view. No, that's definitely been shared. If you read about this, there's been a lot of backlash about the BMW heated seats online already. Customers are not happy about that. It's something like $15 a month, which if you're going to have it for five years, that's a huge amount of money you're paying just to have this feature that, as you said, you had before. So I think they may be a bit too aggressive about this, the car OEMs, and there will be a bit of push and pull. But it does have advantages for both the consumer and the OEM. So we'll see how that pans out. It reminds me of what Ryanair did when they had to pay to use a bathroom. Yes, indeed. We've seen this kind of thing as well in the mobile space. There's all subscriptions and things like in-app purchases and applications. So that will shake up in automotive industry as well. Okay. I think that's everything though. Thank you for your time.


Suppose you get a package and open it. If the object is still wrapped, you continue unwrapping. Similarly, an unknown might be subjected to several operations. And always remember, undo the last thing. For example, suppose we want to solve 12 minus x is equal to 7. So the expression 12 minus x is a difference. We are subtracting x, so we can undo this by adding x. Now the expression 7 plus x is a sum, add x, so we could undo it by subtracting x. But if we do that, this would give us, which is where we started. So here it's helpful to remember a key property of addition, a plus b is equal to b plus a. Since addition is commutative, 7 plus x can be read as either add x to 7 or add 7 to x. So we can undo add 7 by subtracting 7. So remember that the last thing we do is always going to be determined by the order of operations. So in this expression 6x plus 5, the order of operations requires we first multiply by 6 and then add 5. So the last thing we do is to add 5, and so to solve we begin by subtracting 5. Now our left-hand side 6x is a product multiplied by 6, so to undo that we divide by 6. And we can do the arithmetic at the end, 366 is the same as 6. Now some of this arithmetic can get a little complicated, and so it's worth pointing out the value of procrastination. Wait a minute, that should have been taken out. Let's ignore that for a second. So the important idea here is we can leave the arithmetic to the end if the arithmetic is going to get too complicated for us. Remember our focus is on solving the algebraic equation. The arithmetic we can do when we do it. This is most useful if we have to deal with fractions or decimals. So here we see that our order of operation says that our variable x first has 4 subtracted because that's in parentheses. Then the result is multiplied by 5, then 1 third is added. So the last thing done is to add 1 third, so we begin by subtracting 1 third. And again, while we could do that subtraction 11 minus 1 third, let's just go ahead and record that as the arithmetic expression we need to evaluate. Now in our expression the last thing done is to multiply by 5, and so we undo this by dividing by 5. And again we could do the fraction arithmetic, but remember for now for b not equal to 0, the equation a divided by b can be written as the fraction a beats. And so we'll divide both sides by 5 and get our fractional expression. Finally, the expression is a difference subtract 4, so to solve we add 4. And this gives us an expression, and we can't avoid fractions forever. Well, actually we could. This is a perfectly reasonable answer. It's a numerical expression. All of the algebra has been completed at this step, but if we do want to turn this into a dice form we can leave that fraction arithmetic to the end and simplify to get...


Well, believe it or not, we are now about a hundred days into Joe Biden's presidency give or take And I thought it would be useful to kind of pause from the news stories We talk about pretty frequently on the program and just reflect on the early stage like the first milestone of Joe Biden's presidency and There's already so much that this is gonna be difficult to kind of Go through it's not gonna be an exhaustive list of the pros and the cons But I do want to talk about some of the standout things that he's done We'll talk about the good the bad the mixed slash complicated things as well as the ugly But first and foremost starting with the good I think that the easiest most obvious conclusion at this point in time is that predictably Joe Biden is a much better president than Donald Trump I Think that most reasonable people Can deduce that that is the case now having said that the bar is like below the floor But I mean it still matters and it matters when it comes to issues like COVID-19 because I think it's obvious That Joe Biden has been much more capable and competent at handling the pandemic It's not a perfect response, but is it better than Donald Trump? Absolutely, and Joe Biden gets credit for setting out to do 100 million vaccinations and not only Achieving that goal but actually passing it if Donald Trump were president I don't know that I would be in a position to where I had already received my first vaccination In April I don't think that this would be possible because there are numerous reports that Donald Trump had zero Infrastructure built to actually distribute the vaccines. So who knows how long it would have taken to get vaccinated Under Donald Trump so Joe Biden gets credit for actually acting like an adult and doing the bare minimum But I still don't think his response has been perfect I think that his push to reopen schools is too hasty and I don't agree with that I think that you know him not waving essentially going back on his promise To immediately wave IP rights so that way smaller countries can create their own generic of the vaccinations That's bad, but again So far overall when you step back and you look at his response to COVID-19 It has been a lot better another thing that he gets credit for obviously is the Paris climate accord Again, it's hard to give him a lot of credit for this because it's the bare minimum But Donald Trump wouldn't even allow us to do the bare minimum and any small steps We took to trying to mitigate climate change Trump even undid that so just to not go backwards I think that that does matter when we're talking about a climate change. Is it enough? Mm-hmm not at all, but not going backwards is still preferable To going backwards not making progress is preferable to going backwards and again when the bar is so low You know, I could acknowledge these things now one more thing that I want to give him major credit for him is in his Infrastructure proposal there's actually a provision that could end the net neutrality debate Once and for all by offering funding to build up publicly owned municipal broadband alternatives so this would not just and Monopolies when it comes to the internet But it would be a game-changer and when it comes to net neutrality as I expected he Appointed Jessica Rosenwurzel to be the acting chair of the FCC and he's now putting funding into municipal broadband efforts Which is really needed So if he were able to pull this off all reserve judgment to see more details about this plan But if he were actually able to pull this off It would be a game-changer So this is something that net neutrality activists should be proud of but moving on to the more mixed things now in this category It's kind of the gray area category where ultimately he did something, but it was temporary or he could have done more or you know he He did something because He was forced to do something But in this mix category, I have to start off with the $1,400 checks Nobody should ever forget the fact that he promised $2,000 checks and he gave us $1,400 checks now. Thank you for the $1,400 not good enough though. You said 2,000 I think it is Unforgivable that you didn't follow through with that promise. I'm sorry, but I've got to keep it real now Also in the mixed to meh category is Withdrawing troops from Afghanistan. I will reserve judgment Because if he actually does this he gets credit for this and we're not talking about like reducing the troops down to an insignificant level I'm talking about getting out Period if he does this he gets credit thus far. He signaled his intent to do that I am very skeptical that he's actually going to follow through so we'll put this in the mixed category But we'll get to foreign policy a little bit more later now I think that David Dayan of the American prospect did a good job at kind of Talking through some of the more complicated things about Joe Biden's legacy thus far quote in response to the tragic Outbreak of COVID-19 in India Biden's team ignored calls for help for several days Finally national security adviser Jake Sullivan ended the export ban on raw materials for vaccines Then after weeks of prodding He decided to share with India and the world Dormant AstraZeneca vaccines that had been sitting in a warehouse in Baltimore Also, the administration set a deadline of March 15th for an emergency temporary workplace standard for COVID-19 Then shot past that date and at one point even put the rule on hold After pushing from Senate Democrats and labor unions finally yesterday the Department of Labor advanced the temporary standard through the regulatory Process, which means it's still not active until after the office of management and budget signs off the Biden's team's greatest legislative accomplishment the expanded and advanced child tax credit in the American rescue plan Only lasts for one year Democrats pressured Biden to make that permanent But he rejected that citing the high cost and instead will reportedly only extend it to 2025 in tomorrow's announcement Representative Richard Neil chair of the House Ways and Means Committee has deviated from that script today is Reducing a family care bill that makes the CTC permanent Also, the Biden team needed only to sign a piece of paper to increase the refugee cap and allow tens of thousands of migrants Deplorable conditions to settle in the United States Biden promised to do it and briefed Congress then changed his mind Reportedly it was his decision and left the refugees stuck on the tarmac after tremendous pushback from all corners of the party Biden relented but only to say that he would set a new refugee cap by May 15th.  I mean, that's good, but it's complicated, right? So that's why we kind of have this in between category, but moving on to the bad You know, this is a lot less difficult to gauge whether or not He is a at fault or deserves credit He's just downright bad and of course I'm talking about his foreign policy, which has been predictably atrocious and In an article for Jack been by Daniel Bessemer He thoroughly explains how there's been zero change since he took office The most important thing to know about the Biden administration's foreign policy so far is that it is structurally identical to the foreign policies of every US president since World War two it is simply put a foreign policy Organized around the principle of world domination Biden's underlings will ensure that the US dollar remains the world's global reserve currency that the US armed forces retain access to the nation's Approximately 750 overseas bases and that the government continues to spend a grotesque amount on the military The US left meanwhile is in a strange position The Bernie Sanders campaign and the success of left politicians like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib have demonstrated that there's a real hunger for criticism Of the status quo Simultaneously, however Sanders defeat and the relative weakness of AOC Omar and Tlaib suggest that socialists need to step back and think through our general approach to the US state and power itself Foreign policy must be central to this effort even if Sanders had won the presidency It would have been difficult to manipulate the levers of power for anti-imperial ends not least because we socialists don't fully Understand how the actually existing American imperial state operates the state formation is unique in world history It is not only genuinely global But it also diffuses power and authority through an opaque network of public institutions multinational corporations Consultancies and think tanks Figuring out how to shape and work within the incredibly complex matrix will require significant intellectual work It is a project to which left presently out of power though with a hopefully bright future should dedicate itself Which brings us to Biden's first 100 days So far the new president has promised to remove all troops from Afghanistan by the 20th anniversary of the September 11th 2001 attacks failed to rejoin the Iran nuclear deal Returned the US to the Paris climate agreement on climate change begun to rebuild relationships with allies in Europe and Asia and Adopted an aggressive posture towards Russia and China all told Biden has embraced a restorationist approach to US foreign policy organized around three goals ending the US intervention in Afghanistan Re-establishing domestic and international faith in US leadership the common euphemism for hegemony and Manufacturing consent for US dominance both at home and abroad by raising the specter of great power competition and a new Cold War So given what we know about the military industrial complex and as the article explains it essentially it is this Amorphous entity that operates semi autonomously almost You know, it's not necessarily surprising that Biden is so terrible on foreign policy But having said that though Even with all of the pressure from the military industrial complex He has chosen unilaterally to make terrible decisions him not joining the JCPOA Otherwise known as the Iran nuclear agreement is unforgivable He's backtracking on a promise and sure it's early. We'll have to wait and see but this should have been an Immediate priority something that's easy to accomplish you check it off and that's a promise fulfilled But he hasn't done that and additionally while we're on the subject of foreign policy Let's just you know Gradually move over into the ugly category because I think we can file him choosing to bomb Syria Under the ugly not only it was that illegal under US law. It was illegal under international law Unacceptable and unforgivable something that is going to be a stain on his record But on top of that while we're talking about the ugly There's absolutely no excuses when it comes to his approach related to immigration after promising to halt all deportations Within the first 100 days of his administration. He has supported more than 300,000 immigrants now to be overly charitable He did sign in executive order halting deportations for his first 100 days in office However, a federal judge who used a Trump Justice Department era policy to shoot down that executive order Changed things right so Biden he could have adapted. He could have subverted that ruling He could have postponed all of the deportations to meet this promise at a minimum But he didn't do that Instead he went in the opposite direction and guess what kids are still in cages folks are still getting deported and kids are still being Caged and it gets worse than that 500 kids are being crammed into cages meant for 32 people and guess what? COVID is spreading rapidly the positivity rate at at least one facility in Texas is 14% that is insane that is deadly and as Jake Johnson of common dreams explains Rights group United We Dream warned Tuesday that unless he takes immediate steps to improve his administration's treatment of immigrants President Joe Biden is at serious risk of repeating the destructive failures of former president Barack Obama Who deported roughly three million people during his eight years in office despite Biden's characterization of Obama's mass deportations as a mistake and pledge to usher in a more humane immigration system United We Dream estimates that the administration has deported just over 300,000 people since January largely using a Trump era policy called title 42 in a statement on Monday Cynthia Garcia of United We Dream Stressed that title 42 was designed under one of the most anti-immigrant administrations in modern history President Biden and the Department of Homeland Security must be reminded that they're in action to protect vulnerable immigrant communities Seeking refuge in the United States is not only putting lives on the line It upholds a white nationalist immigration system that seeks to expel and keep black and brown immigrants out at any cost Said Garcia who voiced dismay at the Biden administration's deportation of vulnerable Haitians and others According to a report released late last month by the Haitian Bridge Alliance and other advocacy groups The Biden administration used title 42 to deport more Haitians during its first weeks in power Then the Trump administration did in all of fiscal year 2020 now for those of you who don't know what title 42 is This is what Trump used to basically have the pandemic be the justification did a port lots and lots of people So having said that just stepping back and taking a look at Joe Biden's administration thus far at the 100-day point give or take again I would say that there's been some good. There's been a lot of really bad and ugly things But ultimately nothing has fundamentally changed and this is what I expected and also this is what he promised But obviously this is by no means an exhaustive list This is just a lot of things that stood out to me having said that though I did take the Twitter to ask people what they believed were the best and worst things of Joe Biden's administration and here are their responses Michael Salomon says that he did enjoy him tripping But to be serious, you know his pending promise break from expanding Medicare might be worse Definitely Oscar says the stimulus was the best even if it was watered down and the worst is increased spending on Military and police during a pandemic. Absolutely. Zachary is impressed by the vaccine rollout But the ones that spring to his mind when it comes to the negatives, of course Immigration that's what we talked about. It is a continuation of Trump's policies and that is correct Treating the pandemic as a serious issue. That's important to Aaron And also the worst thing is largely running things on autopilot and standing by on important issues instead of using the power of The bully pulpit totally agree with that here another person says COVID-19 and then also the worst thing is firing staffers for disclosing marijuana use This is something that I totally forgot about because so much has happened Since he was inaugurated this, you know, there's a lot this person. I agree with them. The worst is immigration 100% It's awful another person says handling of the COVID-19 and there's quite a bit of responses So I'll just kind of scroll through them and if you want to pause the video or check out this Twitter thread Then you can you know see for yourself But a lot of folks kind of say the same thing the best thing is the vaccine rollout, which I agree with his handling of COVID-19 And the stimulus to an extent even if it was watered down and a lot of folks talking about his terrible foreign policy and also his stances towards immigration Deferring student loans. This is actually something that is really important But he won't say whether or not he'll cancel student debt. Yeah And this impacted me personally because deferring my student loans that that helps me But whether or not he's gonna cancel student debt. Who knows Best vaccine rollout worse not doing this to Joe Manchin. Love this Yeah, so there's a lot of really great Really great responses here and you know kind of a variety of answers here But overall, you know, it's a it's a mixed bag, right? Joe Biden is better than Donald Trump, but that doesn't mean that he's good by any stretch of the imagination I mean this person says getting rid of the Muslim ban. Absolutely that matters But the worst everything on foreign policy and yeah, I mean this is someone Who is just kind of keeping the status quo as it is So, you know, I'm not gonna go through all this is a lot and not anticipate this many responses But you know there you have it That's that's kind of the takeaway This isn't necessarily a comprehensive list of every single thing he's done. That's good and bad It's just the main things that stand out But you know sound off in the comments. Let me know what you think and I'll be there to heart some of your comments And now I'll pin the best one that I see


Yeah, what's up Grimace? I hope you're enjoying the all-new Kulibis shake. Let's have a taste. Oh. God, you can't do this to me! I didn't do that! I didn't do any of that! I can't stand it! Grimace, that's alright. I don't understand! I'm innocent! I'm innocent! I can't do it! Oh! They gave that boy the chair! I'm innocent! What is up, you guys? Realistic Gaming here. And as you can see, we're gonna be watching some Grimace animations. As you all know, the Grimace shake has taken over the world since the last past two days. It's everywhere, man. Let me know if you've actually tried the Grimace shake yourself because I tried it. It wasn't too bad. I have worse shake, but it was okay for it being purple, you know? So with that being said, let's go ahead and continue the rest of the video with some meat canyon screams from the Golden Arches. Oh, yeah, and Happy Friday, by the way. Oh. Ah, it's time. Come, Thomas, you'll want to see this. Your mom. Oh, my God. A female Grimace, yes. And she's pregnant with three pups. Now, the female Grimai go into heat only once in their life cycle, and every McDonald's has at least one female, but the males are exceedingly rare. In fact, the last known bold Grimace died this year. Do you know what that means? It means if she doesn't produce a male, the species is doomed. Oh. I'm sorry for that, Alex. Service dilation, 12 centimeters. She's ready. 15 months of gestation, but she's ready now to bring her litter of Grimai pups into the world. Oh. Oh. Oh. Oh. Bro, she gave birth. Baby Grimaces. Baby. She's the baby Grimai. Female female female female. He. He. He. He. He. He. He's totally not nasty. He. He. He. He. Why is there so many hamburgers, man? He. He. He. He. Damn it. It's gone breach.  Breathe. Breathe. It's a male. Oh, he's ugly, but cute. It's beautiful. He'll make a fine bowl. They got what they wanted.  Oh, that is nasty. Bro, he's tasting it. Ladies and gentlemen, the McRib is back. The Rib is back. Bro. Wait, how do they make McRib? Oh. Oh. Oh. Oh. Oh. Oh. No.  Okay, now I see why they call him McRib. Can you just let you know I can't work the next Wednesday? Those people are savages. My grandma died. Oh, okay. I'll update the schedule. But please try to let me know to use ahead of time. Well, I didn't know she would pass away. I have no real way of controlling that. So. No, I know. I know. Come on, this is not the time. This fricking guy, man, talking about his deceased grandma, while there's like a hoard of humans chowing down the fricking Grimmas that just gave birth. Like it's totally normal, man. Right, now it's time to do the Grimmas shake. Ronald, Ronald, please just let me down. I'm sorry, Grimmas, but it is your birthday. And I'm going to have to make the Grimmas shake. No, Ronald, please, please don't make the Grimmas shake. I'm begging you, please. I'm sorry, Grimmas, but we need to make some money somehow.  We need something to keep it back. Ronald, please, please don't do this, Bertie, when you're ready, please extract the Grimmas juice with pleasure. No. No, Bertie, no. No. No. Only at McDonald's. Yo.  It's a scene which he's the Grimmas shake meme. I got the Grimmas milkshake from McDonald's. I'm going to try it right now. Happy birthday, Grimmas. Happy birthday, Grimmas. All right, Grimmas, I'll win, bro. Wait, what? He turned her into juices. Grimmas shake, please. Shark puppet tries the Grimmas shake. How was the shark? You know what, never mind. Whee. Oh, that's a good toy. Grimmas. Yo. I wonder if there'll be a shark puppet shake. Ah. Grimmas shake review by the Purple Man. Happy birthday, Grimmas. I'm the North Grimmas milkshake. Bro, what the? And that is how William Afton actually died. Happy birthday, Grimmas. Hey, Grimmas, happy birthday. I brought you a cake. Thank you, Ronald. Grimmas? I don't need a cake. What? I have my shake. What does that mean? Why don't you give it a try, Ronald? Don't do it, Ronald. Why is it purple? Grimmas, why is it purple? That's true. Why is it purple? Seems like Ronald is not pa-da-pa-pa-pa loving it. This is happy birthday, Grimmas by Billy Cobbs. Oh, the McDonald's is burning. It's like something went down here, man. Oh. Oh, heck not, man. What? How are we just in the sewers? We were just in the playground. Oh, no, bruh, there's going to be some Grimmas down there. I knew it. Some Grimmas activity. Maybe we'll see the rat man here. Oh, I see him. Hello there, buddy. Oh, there's a lot of purple stuff coming at us. I think we just died. That is a lot of liquid. In our final video by Catalan, the Grimmas shake animated parody. Yeah, I'm going to do a quarter pound of with cheese. And you know what, let's get crazy, throw one of them new Grimmas shakes in there for me. Did you say a Grimmas shake? Very well. Oh. Another customer has requested the Grimmas shake. Who the frick is this guy? Ah! Poor Grimmas, man.  Dude, he just threw it. Oh, dude, the Grimmas' fingers are right. Oh, that is nasty, man. All right, ladies and gentlemen, where there we have it, let me know what you think of the Grimmas shake. I personally think it's evil itself. And yeah, that's all I got to say. Peace out, man. OK, so today we bought the brand new Grimmas shake. Happy birthday, Grimmas. Let's go ahead and try to see what it tastes like. All right, let's shake it out. I mean, it's all right. Like, oh, all right. I guess it's safe to say that the shake is all right. Two words, Grimmas shake. Let's begin. That was more like six. All right, it says Grimmas birthday shake by me. Grimmas shake for Grimmas' birthday. So happy birthday, Grimmas. This is going to be out of pocket. I already know this, man. It's me, Canyon. Daniel, are you in here? Daniel? Daniel? Bro, Daniel. Daniel, what are you doing? Daniel, what have you done? Oh, what? What did I just witness, bro? I don't even want to say anything. Let's just move on to the next video. Grimmas shake is totally safe. Parentheses, no. I'd rather see what this is all about. Hey, guys, it's me, Tecti, Dave, 2012. Today, we're going to try a brand new Grimmas shake. You don't want to find it down, but I heard that this drink is actually kills people. But no more, guys, since I'm rich, I don't fear death. Death fears me. Happy birthday, Grimmas. Lightwork, no reaction. Lightwork, no reaction. Lightwork, no. Oh. Got ya. No reaction. What are you doing, bro? This guy needs to take a Joe pill. Hey, you got something on your nose. Oh, he's leaking. Did you hear that? Uh, hear what?  What is that on your face? What? This is a Grimmas inside of him.  Hey, man, are you all right there? Oh. Oh, OK. This is weird. Yo, what happened to your face? What? He snapped what? What did I just watch, bro? I think I am scarred for life now. This is Afton tries the Grimmas shake by silhouette. Oh, he got smacked. He done got clapped by the Grimmas shake. No wonder he's purple. He done got clapped by the Grimmas shake. No wonder he's purple. The Grimmas accident and CS artist. My birthday Grimmas shake. My birthday Grimmas shake. Oh, you're parking. Let's see how everyone's enjoying the birthday Grimmas shake. Oh, no. OK, so this video was way different from any other videos. We've seen Grimmas check this phone and he saw on social media all the incidents going on with his Grimmas shake. Poor Grimmas. He just wanted to celebrate his birthday. Kind of feels sad for the guy. This is Madness tries the Grimmas shake by Astro.  Oh. Madness got the biggest feet ever, dude. OK, so today we've got the brand new Grimmas shake. Happy birthday Grimmas. Let's go ahead and try it and see what it tastes like. All right, Bonnie, let's see what you got. It kind of has like a... Oh, what? Dude, the faceplate is gone. Everything. What the heck? And I know what you guys are thinking or about to say. It's not the bite of 87, OK? Was that the bite of 87? This is by Scud, the Grimmas shake. Oh, look, forums is in the back. Oh, what? Hey, yo, what? OK, what just happened? That was weird. OK, so as we can see, we got four arms back here. Then he disappears. And then the shake is like splattered all over Gwen. So there could only be, there could only be like two reasons, explanations that happened. Either four arms or Ben took the shake away from Gwen before she drank it or he might have done something else. Happy birthday by Drawzillas. Happy birthday Grimmas. No, we killed him. How could you do such a thing, Grimmas? What the heck, man? This is by Mujimaki, Eggman, and Sonic. I wonder, though, what happened? It's my birthday, so he tried my shake. He couldn't handle it.  Oh, yeah. Dang, bro. The name's Grimmas. Grimmas, yeah. Listen, bro, I can handle your milkshake unlike Sonic. Give it to me. Give it to me. Ben. Eggman is kind of built like Grimmas in a way. See, that is shake. Oh, shake. Oh, he literally shook himself. He couldn't handle it. Dude. What?  Yeah, that sucked. Why didn't you warn me? How could I? I was dead. Eggman, then Sonic used to try the Grimmas shake. Don't blame me. I mean, you saw me on the ground. Why did you think it wouldn't happen to you, too? Well, I mean, I don't know.  Well, either way, it was an experience. So you've been warned. Drink the Grimmas shake and then you get diarrhea. The Grimmas incident, but it's animated by Sharkbait. I recognize that sound effect for some more. Oh, Grimmas. Like he's having nightmares. Oh, Grimmas. It seems like Grimmas tried his own shake. That's actually kind of interesting because it's like the only video where you actually see Grimmas try his own shake. Because in other videos, everybody tries to accept himself. Pretty cool idea. Smoolify the Grimmas shake. Oh, that's cool. But now, to celebrate Grimmas' first birthday, he made his own special treat to let the whole world enjoy. The Grimmas shake. A whole party and just a sip. I don't know about that. Maybe a party in your pants. Here's the first person to get a taste of this treat. I sure do love McDonald's already. I cannot wait to try this new dessert. Hey, boys. What do you sound like a little twerk? Wow, this tastes just like. Tastes like death. That's what it tastes like. Dude, his body. Oh, Grimmas. What is this? New York? Get that man away from me. Oh, you bet. Oh, I want to hear this. The first wonderful ingredient is... Okay. Hello? God, okay, that was terrifying. They tried it once. They are trying it again. They wanted you to forget. Remember, do not let history repeat itself. Do not let him win. Okay. And for our final clip, Fall Guys tries the Grimmas shake. Dude, I forgot about this game. It was fun for a day. Oh, Mans is dead. Well, there we have it, the Grimmas shake. Hopefully, you guys enjoyed the video. If you guys are new around here, make sure to subscribe. Turn that notification bell on when you do so. Hit on notifications, which is very important. Thank you all for watching. And I'll see you guys in the next one. Peace. Hey, everyone. Realistic Gaming here. And today we're on Grimmas' basement. Oh my God, I like this big old boy right here. Looking big and thick. Let's begin. I guess we have a ride at the McDonald's. Right, employee, welcome to McDonald's. What will you be having today? Yeah, can I get a Big Mac? Big Mac! Oh look, they got the Grimmas truck outside, bro. I locally think that is Grimmas, and he's going to transform into Grimmas himself. Happy birthday. Let's celebrate Grimmas' birthday. Okay, we're here to celebrate his birthday. Here to grab a shake. And move on my way, Baldi. What are you doing here? Shake, bro. You don't know what that's about to do to your... It's about to have diarrhea. Just put it like that. Everyone's kind of freaking me out. It doesn't even blink. Okay, that is creepy, all right. That is interesting. Is that Machine Gun Kelly, bro? That'll be $15? Holy crap, inflation, bro. Oh, that's me? Why do I look so old? What is going on? All right, press space to continue. What just happened there, man? Okay, I was late. Collect all three components of the Grimmas meal control to crouch. All right, what happened, bro? We just drank the freaking Grimmas shake, and now we're like down here in a basement of some sort. I think we're like under McDonald's, dude. All right, it seems like we're about to be tortured and killed to death, electrocuted to death to be more precise. Oh, there's a skull. It's a nice Halloween decoration. All right, is Grimmas like out here lurking or something? Oh, what is this? All right, I can't even tell what it is. It's so dark. Oh. Oh, heck not, man. What the... Dude, who... Oh, heck not, son. No, no, no. Damn, bro. We ain't got to be so loud. All right, take two. Apparently, you can't sprint in this game, so that's kind of booty, so let's go ahead and continue our adventure in this basement. Okay, I can't find any freaking components, bro, I just find skulls everywhere. All right, hopefully Grimmas ain't over here because he'll be running. Oh, cool, we got the fries. What else do we need? We need the shake and then the hamburger, I believe. Wait, that's the escape? I think that's the way out of here. Okay, nice. Okay, we need one more component. Oh, I don't like that. I don't like the sound of that. Why does it sound like that? It's giving me the hippie gibies. Okay, where's the last component? Okay, what is going on? Oh no, I'm dead. I'm dead. He runs, I walk so slow. Okay, no, he's trying to cut me off, bro.  Bro, I think he's like literally chasing me back and forth. I'm dead. I'm dead. Somebody call 911, please. Somebody call Wendy's. Oh, I'm dead. No, please don't die. Please don't die. No, go, go, go, go, go. Dude, I'm telling you, this guy is chasing me all around. Okay, lost him. All right, we need to find the last item. Oh, we found the Big Mac. Okay, the exit was back somewhere this way, I think. Is that the exit? That better be the freaking exit, bro. What is that? Wait, that's the chair where I came from. Oh, great. This is not good. Okay, I'm kind of scared. Kind of scared, only because of Grimmas. Okay, the door was somewhere back here. Gotta be back here. Dude, where's that freaking door? I know it was back here somewhere. Uh-huh, there it is. I see the light. Take me to the light. Thank you for calling Donald's customer service. What would you like to report? I ordered a Grimmas meal and it was laced with some drug. I passed out and woke up in the basement of one of your Grimmas mascots. He almost killed me but I was able to escape. Now that you've read your experience with the Grimmas shaken particular, did it meet C to fall short of your dictations? Are you listening? I need help. I have no idea where I am. Oh boy, much. Oh no, he found me. Are you there, sir? Should I record your writing as five stars? Bro, we just got... Thank you for your cooperation. This is like Donald's operator's gotta be the dumbest ever, man. The end. No, we died. Wait, so we actually died at the end. The Grimmas ate us alive.  Alright, ladies and gentlemen, there we have it. Grimmas' basement. I'll leave the game link in the description down below. If you guys want to check it out for yourselves and let me know if you tried the Grimmas shake. Thanks for watching and I'll see you guys in the next one. Bro, come on. Oh, they got the shake in here. Nice. Do you see a shake? Drink a shake. Here's, bro, McDonald's, baby. Oh, you ready for the Grimmas shake, bro? I'm pretty ready. Alright, bro, you ready to buy the Grimmas shake? You ready, bro? I go out to try it. I don't know. Bro, you better not die, bro. Why do you keep saying that, bro? I don't know. Oh, Grimmas' birthday. Let's go. How does he turn it? 69. Whoa. Oh, they got the Grimmas shirt. What's so special about you, huh? The death sentence. Alright, we got it right here. Grimmas shakes. The Grimmas shake. Cheers, boy. Cheers, bro. Alright, y'all. So we're going to start the challenge and we're about to play the McDonald's game online. We're trying to speeder in it while we drink some of this. That's cool. Bro, chill, bro. We haven't even started yet. Dude. Oh, man. Alright, man. I'm pretty psyched right now. I'm about to chug this and then I'm going to try to speedrun the Grimmas' birthday game. Alright, bro. You better beat it. You better beat it, bro. I'm going to try it, bro. Alright, here goes. Where did I crave? Oh, no. This guy's crazy. It's so good. Bro, that's why we invent the straws, bro. That's why we invent the straws. You got the straw, bro? Bro, what? Let's begin, man. I saw the videos, bro. We could die off of this. I ain't dying, bro. I don't know what you're talking about. Alright, Grimmas' birthday and he's throwing the party at McDonald's. Oh, man. I wish you had a birthday party at McDonald's. Dude, it's like soul dating, right? I got rabies. I got rabies. You're in there, bro. Speedrunning. Oh. Oh, this is good. Where's everybody? Bro, nobody showed up to Grimmas' birthday. Missing. Find the Grimmas' friends in time to blow out the candles. Bro, his friends are missing. Oh, look. That's a drink. Alright.  Hey, Mikey, you good, my boy? Mikey? Yo. You good, bro? Grimmas' birthday, bro. Go beat the game. Alright, man. Play the game. Alright. Oh, it started, bro. You see this? Mikey. Hey. Yo, dog. Oh, you beat it. You got to lay out. Bro, I'm barely starting, bro. Come on. Alright. Oh, they got the shake in here. Nice. Do you see the shake? Drink the shake.


Welcome traders, to another Tick-Nail-Chart here with me, Patrick Munnally. Looking at the S&P 500 from the daily time frame, we can see we're trading in what could be an ending diagonal pattern here for the S&P. Before we see some corrective moves here, what I prefer to do is to be long through 39.50, targeting a test of monthly range resistance 40.23 up to 40.50 area. From there, watching for confirmation with bearish divergence here, I've then looked to reverse those long positions with bearish confirmation patterns, ultimately looking for a test then back down into the 38.20 zone before we set the stage and potential platform for the next leg higher. So some two-way trading opportunities there, as always, traders plan the trade, trade the plan, most importantly, manage your risk. Until next time, thanks very much.


Welcome to New York look at this hair. It's honestly really pretty. You've great hair You're lying. I mean like listen we can always make it better, but like I can see it in your face You're like look at this look at this it's unique. No, it's beautiful. It could use a little bit of work But so could everybody's hair right we can always better people's hair This it's a good palette to work with thank you and you told me that I can do whatever I want I want you to go crazy literally. Oh, I don't want to recognize myself. That's so exciting But like anything really anything you were didn't I ask if I can shave your head, and I think you were like maybe not that Yes, actually I had one thing. I was like I don't want it shorter than my ears Yeah, I'm not ready for that commitment, but like remember the micro banks. This is where this started I was like convince me not to get micro banks, but if you think if you see fit go ahead You can do a little black white rainbow a little bang That's perfect just a little too little piece Like if we had a full bang people have told me I had bangs once this is cute people liked it It's looking great. This is why I came here. Okay. I have so many ideas But I also like don't even know where to start with your hair because there's so many Possibilities that I want to try on some wigs to see what the vibe is. I think that's perfect Let's try on some like blue wigs some purple wigs and pink wigs some short ones some dark ones some light ones And let's get a vibe going. Oh my gosh. I can't wait. I love wigs. Oh my god There's so much clapping in this video I'm excited about this honestly because like I have lots of wigs, but they're all kind of chaotic Like I would never I would never be able to get my hair and I was telling you this once I cut my hair I had no connection to my hair.  Yeah, and you were like, I know like I haven't cut it or got it done since So that was January Like your hair is so thick. It is like dense I've always wondered if it was thick because it's kind of fine, but there's a lot of it It is really thick and really healthy Let me get some wigs, all right, let me have a ball cap on you first. Oh good That looks perfect This is you. Oh Sonic mom if you feel so strongly about one way My mom literally got her hair done for this she was like She was like mr. One knows gonna see my hair good hair Jean. Can you stop calling him mr? So it's good energy. Thank you. I needed that this morning I have an idea what I want to do.  Oh There's a preconceived notion here Well based on the fact actually, you know what I'm not even gonna say this until we're filming because I'm gonna expose you And I'm ready for it. So I'm not I know you're gonna say I think I have a theory on what you have to do with blond Oh Look at me. I know you know I put on a wig cap Now I'm here looking good. I love it. You look so good balls. Thank you. Yeah, should we do it? Yes, bald is a look, but I cannot pull that off. I don't know I feel like the style has to be there like the style and I don't Could you That'd be so fun for me because I have nothing to do We're so worried about time we could just do that if it's ever like a time crunch just start shaving it all right I should purple and blue first. All right. This one is one of my favorites I feel like I've never seen you in like full color. No, you wouldn't have never would you ever? Yes today?  This will definitely do that. All right He's gonna do a lot of things comic-con was literally just on I think that I could make this work Oh my god. He's a little bit of styling with let's fix these bangs up.  Why does this actually look really good? Why does this actually look really really really really good? It's a contender I'm obsessed with this the bangs is what does it for me? You loving the bangs? Yeah, I love the bangs too I love the bangs. Like wow. I was like joking with this one. I'm like wait I feel like we're loving it right now, but then we're gonna look back at the footage and be like what were we doing? That's me every time you leave I go home like this The next day like you're like cool.  I'm beautiful. I want to go in a little bit different direction now Okay, I saw something flash behind my head Wow No, yeah, I had this you have I had this I literally you had a mullet I literally had this underneath except it was fused like it was even dark It was darker pink. I literally had this mom. Mom. Please. Please confirm Did I have this haircut? Yes, I had it I cut it is a bob and left pieces and died pieces pink when when I was in grade six I love that. So we're going back in time. How'd you know that back to your what sixth grade you said? Are you stopping me? Yes, I made this wing just for today I'm so excited to relive. Let's see if it still looks good. Okay It still looks good. I can guarantee it didn't And it's a micro bang. Yeah, okay. I didn't have a micro Why do you have this Is this what they call us a jellyfish kind, you know, it's definitely something I don't know what it is Oh, you know, it looks cute without without the blue. See cuz the mic, you know, we can do we can cut the blue off I like the micro banks in the micro bank. It won't leave me alone. Yeah, I want it Should we do a micro bang? You know what? I was watching one of your videos about micro banks and you were like micro banks take the longest to grow out So you really shouldn't unless you want it and then you freaked me out. Well, that's my job But look at you now. You're enabling me now My job is to freak people out and then give them the tools to do it themselves True, like I need a haircut that makes me look stylish without being stylish I can do that for you. Yeah, like I need something that the haircut is the style and I don't have to do anything else I'm kind of like living how these look like Oh This is what would have happened that I done it myself. I would have had them like this Artie vibes like a very Brooklyn girl vibe very cool. Yeah, but I need this stylist a little bit unapologetically cool I love pink like that's like my favorite color other than I love green But I don't know greens a hair color for me You know green is a tough one. Not all that people can rock the green hair the ones who have green rocket pretty good though This is like the people who do their hair like this. These are the people that I like aspire on the street I'm like, oh my god, I wish I was them. Okay, this one is really interesting. It's definitely a throwback for you I mean what I like about it is the bangs like just imagine without all of this Okay, maybe maybe not as short this has been insightful me honestly, and this is really good to see I don't think anything I'm loving about this one, but like it's definitely an edgy look. Yes You you know, it's it's a lot I'd have to clear out my closet and start over to make this work honestly though There's something so weird about micro bangs that make me want them. I love a micro bang me too It's just like a statement and I feel like it really brings the into the eyes and eyebrows and like I have quite thick eyebrows that I like But now that you have them what are we thinking about the micro bang? I think that we should dye my hair black and do micro bangs Lord Farquaad. I think they could look good It's just think these ones are too dense for you and a little bit too short. Yeah, like maybe if they were like Yeah, like right above the eyebrow with this kind going on It's a little much for me, but it looks kind of like a helmet You can rock it like if you had this on for a couple months people would get used to it People would get used to it. You're so right people. They would adapt people would have to adapt make them adapt People would hate me. They'd be like brahman. Oh ruin me his hair It looks good. It was my fault. I wasn't gonna say No, I'm just kidding. I love it. Honestly. I haven't seen that reaction Just saying everyone who watches my videos loves you Okay, good, so I think you're gonna see a change of pace when you're on my channel People love you a little brutal man. It's when I change somebody's hair very drastically like somebody they've watched for years It's like obviously very difficult to see somebody like you feel like is your best friend like have a totally different look So they freak out about it They get really angry people take hair very seriously. Yeah, very very seriously online prepare yourself people Yeah, you're about to be afraid.  Let's shoot this way. Okay, and see what we got going on It's so editorial Honestly Okay, we're done with that one. I love hated that one. The pictures came out really good You did a full editorial serve over there. Thank you. Should we talk about that? Thank you so much because you came in here man Like I don't know how to do before shots like and then now you're like, oh What's up with that? So what is it? You don't have pose or your supermodel? I think you're just being nice On to the next one She's giving me having PTSD to my old hair. Should we give you extensions today? I think so down to your ankles Mm-hmm. I think this is like how many inches 35? 40 red that's not 40 inches. Okay. Okay. I'm excited for this Cuz this is a really popular color right now lots of people who like aren't redheads are getting like yeah It always starts up interesting, but we have to lay it down We have to get it right get it in place get the right parting going on get the right look on I don't know if this is the color for you. It's quite orange for me Oh, maybe it was just the contrast of the last way versus this way. It's growing on me already It's already like how long it is literally growing. It's reminding me of my old hair It's so long might my old hair was like there. Why do I like it now? It's very renaissance. It's really pretty Lord of the Rings This hair is drama. This is drama I would have a lot to say about everything with this way. You'll be like Say we're definitely have to stand up after this All right, what's really pretty on camera this camera is doing a lot Every time I look over to this camera We're just staring ourselves in the monitor We have such a time crunch and we're like we're like every time we stop shooting you guys you're like Now we're just taking a second you can't tell them that let's pretend like we're not stressed like this is YouTube like everything's fun, you know I'm honestly not good. I'm probably causing more of a hindrance I'm just running around. I don't know this one. I thought again that I didn't like it But like this one don't put your head down. Don't worry about it. Sorry. Sorry. Sorry right right right my one job It's not laid down very well. Don't show them that this looks Really nice on you, and I'm not just saying that no, I'm really not every time you put on a wig You're like, oh, and then you do a few things for you Wait a minute. I know it really happens every single time you're like wait a second like I hate this hold on It looks really good, right like without your feet. I just cover this that's looking really good I don't know for me. Hmm. I get that. What do you think though? Cuz you're the expert. You're right. You are right I know nothing. I've had the same hair for like forever.  It's okay You can fall don't be shy There I don't know if I just pull out of your hair. You're good anyways Guess what color this is Green Cuz we're talking my greener twin telepathy. I was like, I don't know if I need to pull out green But maybe you can pull off green. I don't know. It's like a cool green. Okay, cool skin. No bangs on this No bangs. All right, let's see. We'll figure it out Once and for all what was your favorite haircut or color you've done to yourself when I was young I used to do lots of crazy things like I cut like triangles into my hair So when you'd straighten it, it was like this that was right around the time of the bottom Bob thing Pink Bob jellyfish cut I was I really was and then from that moment, I didn't do anything for probably Ten years This is a once in a lifetime moment that my head is too small for something by the way I have a giant head and I mean this is on a tight setting.  Did we like the balayage? I do I always am prone to going lighter Because I feel like I find it fun But my problem is I don't like lots of maintenance But I always get things that need maintenance Like people were really telling me. Oh my god. I love your shadow root. And I was like, thank you so much I haven't got it done in six months. You're like, is that what it's called when you don't call your hair in six months I don't know. That's what they were saying. Oh, you're like, wow. Thanks. I was like, thank you. Yes I just got it done. It's bug row out for six months But other than that then the big chop was the next moment Well, how what like I feel like in the video you were not scared at all to do that Which is rare. Like I feel like most people would be really nervous. You were just like, right? If I can remember correctly, I feel like you were just fearless.  I'm just gonna change it for myself and it'll grow back if it and I kind of also had this Irrational fear that it wouldn't grow back because you hear about Sometimes people cut their hair and then it never grows past a certain length Mm-hmm, and so I was like that's gonna happen to me And so this is my one moment to have long hair. You have absolutely beautiful hair That's definitely a grow back. It already has.   They didn't you thought people were really attached to your hair You know people really liked your hair. See I was listening, but were you really attached to your hair one time? Okay, let me explain like actually though like where you attached your hair I was attached to it and I didn't know why I think it was because I had it for so long and because I always got Compliments on it and then when I chopped it off. I no longer was attached to it Now it became sort of like a playground zone that I can just do whatever I want without any Consequences because I have already lost the thing that I liked which was the length I donated my hair though.   This is growing on me.   It's a little afraid. This is cool. What product is this? It's called wave tech by X Mondo.  Oh, right. Yes. I saw that. Okay. Never mind. How do I like it? I think you styled it amazingly. Thank you You're making me feel like I should really go back to my house and look at my wigs and give them a second shot You should every wig needs a second shot. This is cute. The green is a lot though I think this color fits you a lot better than the copper because it's a cool green Yeah, and I think if I put a green like I could green screen on to my hair You're right, and we could put anything anything any design should we wait? Should are we doing it right now? Should we are we doing it right now?  Oh, whoa. Look at the pigeon.  I'm gonna own this one place. All right. What do you think the next color is gonna be platinum? Wait, no, no wait black grizzly get the plan It's a better idea. Where's the black way? You're right. We're doing black. How did you know? Oh my god That's so crazy. It's almost like you told me to get the black way. Okay She's never looked wider. That's actually interesting. What would you rate it?  I'm like, isn't that just a story in my life? I see other people. I'm like that looks great. And then when I do it, I'm like, no, that's awesome for you Look at me But like this with like curtain bangs and like lots of layers and like bouncy and maybe highlights. That'd be cute, right? Did that hurt? Did that hurt? No. It went into your skull. What was that? Honestly, I'm one of those people that brushed my hair really hard. Thank God. So you don't got to worry about hurting me. Thank God What are we thinking? This one actually looks the most natural on you. Wow Like you could have had dark hair before you went blonde type of vibe and then like I don't know like it It does feel kind of good to me First time ever look at you Honestly though, I get a lot of people commenting about curious about what I would look like with dark So I think this will be like living that. So if you were ever someone who commented that, what do you think? I am really into this Oh my gosh, my hands are sweating. This is really pretty on you. Like I don't know.  I literally had a dream. This is very similar I had a dream that you did my hair.  You forgot to film And it was black and it was like almost like a heart Okay, so that's the vibe. So I'm just saying I had that dream black with microbangs and a heart and we had so much fun together We forgot to film. Okay, it's definitely not today This has been nothing short of eye-opening for me, you know why why because I went in here with an idea But the wigs have I'm so scared. You're really actually scared. Okay, so I really like the darker hair I don't think this dark, but there's something I really enjoy about you having darker hair And you talked about my hair color this sort of like shadow root neutral blonde I don't know like maybe we should do something like that like okay It's originally I wanted to make you like bright bright bright blonde, but I don't know something Speaking to me about the darker hair. What are your thoughts? You really don't care. I want you to do what you want to do.  You could go Let's kick your real hair out Okay, first we're gonna start with a haircut which I want to go Microbang definitely shorter. So we're gonna do that now and then the color will come in and you're gonna get a little surprise All right, I'm ready. Don't be afraid to freaking me out. Okay. Okay, so this is the last time you're singing this hair like this. Bye Bye It wasn't doing much for you. Honestly. No, it's pretty, but it's not doing a lot for you. It's doing like you're supporting it It's not supporting you guys if you could touch this through the screen. Oh my god I'm gonna focus for a second. Okay, so don't ruin your hair. Okay. I'll be fine. Um, we're about to make the first cut I'm gonna basically Just go for it. Chop it off. We're gonna do it definitely shorter, but you're not gonna know how short until I'm done Should I be wearing a blindfold or glasses that I can't see out of? You know what? I would love that. It sounds very complicated Like five inches. What is that? Like three inches?  I love your stance by the way You like that just like straddled in the floor Hey, how does this feel to me?  Let me just thin it out. Let me get rid of all of it I'm loving the thickness to your hair. Let me just spin this out a little This is awesome. It feels like this is awesome for you, but I'm gonna get rid of all of it I'm excited So are you gonna tell me after why? Yeah, you did what you did.   I hadn't done absolutely anything to my hair You came in today. I was like, how can I just like make her the most upset if you give me a care and cut? I will play this place on fire. Okay. I'm trying to have my looks like that Is that a caring? No, I swear. I swear it's great This looks really pretty. I'm loving it I'm a little afraid that the front is so long compared to the back. It's not you keep putting your head down Look how long that is. Oh my god. Look if you put at Mondo gave me a care and cut If you put your head straight, did you see I mean, this is a little longer, but we're gonna cut it I was also thinking about the bangs though, like do we do it? It's hard to say cuz it looks so good. Maybe a curtain. No, it's gonna give like make me look ten Yeah, and it's gonna give like not edgy like this is giving me edge right now and like with your natural texture This looks incredible. So you keep going shorter Until I'm bald. Keep going going going. Oh My god, this is really gorgeous on you this with your natural texture is giving me everything I wanted so far We're gonna finish this cut off after the color, but first we're gonna blow dry this We're gonna see how it's looking and then we'll start some color.  I like it. It really just frames your face perfectly I honestly didn't even really do anything with the styling either like I just held a blow dryer to your head And that's how your hair naturally falls. I love a haircut that just naturally falls perfectly And this is just the pre-cut we still have to go in and texturize and get rid of this bulk over here So you don't look like a Karen from the back so far It's looking beautiful and I'm ready to get this hair colored and we're not gonna do bright blonde I know you were ready for it. Am I giving you nothing right now? Yeah It's like hello. I just don't want to interrupt you. She does love it. Okay, you were talking off camera I just don't interrupt you. I love short hair. It's such a break And my hair was getting to that point of length where when I lay down I start to land on it and this and that I know you're saying like model off-duty, but how I feel about this is I'm like mom cut Let's mom cut. Let's work. We don't want a mom cut in a good way though. It looks fresh. It looks fiery It looks sexy. I love it so much We're not done yet. This is just the beginning, but we're done over here The rest of the video will be on Mia's channel If you've made it this far you gotta head over to my channel to see how brad is gonna dye it So we will see but I'm not I don't have any say in it. No, you don't You're chasing. It's my head of hair now