So something truly insane just happened in the House of Representatives. And in order to really understand this insanity, we have to take an unpleasant but mercifully brief trip down memory lane. One of the biggest moments of the 2008 financial crisis fun times was the near-collapse and eventual bailout of a company called AIG. And the risky behavior that pushed AIG to the brink and eventually forced the taxpayers to bail their sweetasses out to the tune of $85 billion was a financial instrument known as derivatives trading. Since there's not enough time to explain or apparently learn how to pronounce derivatives in this video, I'll link some sources for you in the description. The important thing to remember is that nobody from Occupy Wall Street to the Tea Party was thrilled with the idea that the taxpayer should be on the hook every time Wall Street gambles itself into a corner. So in 2010, when Congress decided to pass a new set of financial regulations known as Dodd-Frank, they included a provision that basically said you can't get a bailout for certain kinds of derivatives. Just certain kind- not even all of them. And this brings us back to the insanity that I was talking about all the way one minute ago, because the House of Representatives just passed a bill that would get rid of this no bailouts for derivatives rule. This didn't happen because of some massive public demand. Most Americans haven't even heard of derivatives trading, let alone asked their congressmen to deregulate it. This happened because big banks wrote this bill. Literally. That's not some cute turn of phrase or an exaggeration. 70 of the 85 lines in this bill reflect recommendations made in a piece of model legislation written by lobbyists for city groups. Another bank that played a major role in the 2008 financial crisis and also required billions of federal stimulus dollars in return for not blowing up the world economy. Two crucial paragraphs in the bill the House eventually passed were copied almost word for word from the city group version. It's the congressional equivalent of copying a term paper from Wikipedia if Wikipedia was also paying your tuition. Members of the House received $22.4 million in campaign contributions from interest groups in support of this bill. That's nearly six times more than they received from interest groups opposed. Contribution data also shows that donors with Wall Street Ties are major sources of campaign funding for the bill's sponsor and six of the eight co-sponsors. Then there's House Financial Services Chair Jeb Henserling. He's the guy who helped whisk the bill through committee and I swear this is true. Spent a posh weekend partying it up with Wall Street lobbyists in Park City, Utah on a ski vacation. They go skiing together. I can go on about how Wall Street has spent $50 million on lobbying expenditures in 2013 alone. Or how one of the co-sponsors of this bill, Representative Jim Hines of Connecticut used to work on Wall Street as an executive for Goldman Sachs. But I think most of you are already noticing a theme developing here. At a time when economic growth is still stagnant and there's issues to deal with from the national debt to the fact that wanting five children in this country is still born into poverty, your intrepid congressmen are instead working on this. Your House of Representatives just passed a bill designed to roll back protections put in place after the last financial crisis that was literally written by lobbyists for the people who caused the last financial crisis. This bill was sponsored by a bipartisan group. Five Republicans and four Democrats and all of them depend on Wall Street to fund their campaigns. Journalists and pundits may continue to dance around the issue with euphemisms like insider culture or influence peddling. But this wholesale purchase of the legislative process by special interests reveals a much more urgent truth. Our government has become a place where fundraising takes priority over the public good. Our government feels more accountable to those who bankroll its members than to the people it was elected to represent. Our government is corrupt. It's time we did something about it. My name is Montsour Guidfar. I'm the communications director for an anti-corruption organization called Represent Us. We're building a movement behind a proposal called the American Anti-Corruption Act that would make this kind of crap illegal.  It's corruption and we're going to stop it.


And thanks very much for the introduction for the third hour. So up to now what we did again, let's wrap it up. We talked about the agris in general terms in the first hour and in the last hour in the second session. We told you about why you should become a data provider and how we work with in your country hubs. But if you have the question now so what so how are we going to actually become a data provider. And what are these things in a real life examples can you show us some so this should be the hour that we should be talking about those. Again, let's remind ourselves our data providers are the organizations they make their. They make available they make available their collections of scientific literature or research outputs any other research outputs and the data sets to their digital libraries. The library catalogs, it could be their institutional repositories or a journal, they can apply for a registration. As a data provider in be to be actually in the address network. Perhaps maybe I should also just say a few things about, especially just because we had many questions about country hubs being a country hub. Being getting volunteer and everything that was a question about that to our country hubs are already data providers so that the first step is actually becoming a data provider and being in the network, obviously. So I will try to give you a glimpse of how to become a data provider now step by step. It's not really a complicated process itself, I mean, at least in your end, if you are interested as an organization, wishing to become a data provider you just need to fill a form and submit that. My colleagues or may actually share the link with you while I'm speaking in the chat box or later I can put that in the chat box. There is a there's a registration form. This is this form actually it's little bit detailed so that we can get all the information about description of the organizations what type of resources actually you want us to index in our grace that sort of been a quite detailed but that really helps us, you know, to start a proper collaboration with you with your organization and the registrations after we received this in two, I mean, it doesn't, you know, it doesn't even take no two working days but within two working days, these registrations and applications are confirmed. And we have a review process. And this review process is 10 working days within 10 working days are applicants based on the inclusion criteria. They should be hearing from us about their acceptance or if that's the case in any rejection. Perhaps I should just pause here to talk about that we had, we had a period, you know, we actually have suspended getting new need data providers within the network and that is about our last six months or eight months at most. And what it was, as we explained before, August, and, and I guess the data, sorry, data registry data provider registry have been going through a lot of changes a lot of improvements that has been significant improvements on the visibility of the data providers. Yes, we did spend a lot of time and our best effort to reactivate and we engage with our data providers within that period. So that's why we said we got back to our applicants and said, you will be hearing from us, you know, from July because it has been suspended just temporarily. And that's why you also saw we have now around, you know, 53 waiting applicants and we will be actually in touch with you very, very soon if you are in the audience. Upon the acceptance of this applications, we create a public profile for these organizations, and this organization profile the public public face is also created and you can actually see them in the data provider registry. What it means is that if you go to the address portal again under the address network, you can actually see this this registry. This is basically a list, a directory of the data providers organizations, which contribute the content to the address with their resources. As I mentioned before, this registry has been improved significantly in the past months. It was always there. We always was able to just go by the country and find the data provider, but at the moment there's also a search screen. So there's a glimpse, you know, screenshot here. You can actually see who is who are the data providers in your country. And you can also search down by their name. You also see here at the country code and the center code. This ARN means the address ID. Every address data provider is given a unique ID. That makes all the link to the registry and also in the address database, you can actually identify your collections with this address ID. Plus, in your records, there's always a link to the data provider. Again, this address ID makes that possible. This is the link if you like to see the data providers themselves, but we'll be sharing those links or you can actually have a look at the website. I would like to just give you a good example here about data providers profile. This is quite important because we kept saying that we increase visibility of the data providers, we give more visibility to the data providers profile is organizational profile in the registry. What we mean is that, for instance, you see a good example here from Georgia, our colleagues taking for me has a description. This is their public view in the end. This also shows right under the description. You also see what resources that we are indexing from this institution. At the bottom of the screen, I am just underlying what kind of related activities they have been involved in the agris network. As I showed you in the last hour, there are different news that we share about these different partners, agris partners. For instance, in this one taking for me had an online seminar. They also had this two-day workshop and all these different activities are also linked to the organizational profile. So we make our best efforts really to show everything as well as your digital collections. They also make the effort to show these activities taken by or organized different data providers. If you look at the right hand side is publications you see. Our taking for me colleagues translated our user guide to Georgian. So this user guide, whatever they involved again with the publications are also displayed here. So this is just one glimpse of what the profile, public profile can show on the registry. If I go one step further, sorry, I don't know why. Okay, okay, I'm on the right slide. And on this one, we also would like to just underline something quite new. There's this activity status. If you go to the any of the data providers profile at the moment, or in the agris database itself, what you see is that these status. Again, if you look at the same example, the taking for me here says I try to underline that it says the active the status. This is quite important in different ways. For instance, what I highlighted here the considering the high usage of agris worldwide, having up to date content in agris is very critical in terms of providing our end users with the latest and recent publications of the data produce the specific partners agris partners. Why it is important in a way is active or inactive or non active actually say, because we kept saying that you know this is quite agris has a long history, and some of the you know data providers are no longer actually exist, or for some technical reasons it could be because of some other human resources, you know, due to some human resources restrictions or something, they have not been able to provide any bibliographic records to us, and they have just suspended their collaboration with agris that could be the case. So for these different reasons they could be active or non active. You know what we are trying to do is that we want to be able to say this to the end users as well because when they come and search something in the agris database. And if they rely actually in the database content for their research, they need to be able to tell whether they are constantly regularly updating their content within agris about these data providers. So, I showed you one of the examples on the data profile that you can see the status, but plus in the, in the personal screenshot here in this just a snapshot is just showing in the database when you search something you also see the data providers with this active or inactive, not next to the name, name of the data providers. So I really hope or we really hope that this dysfunction is going to help both our data providers, and also the users. While I'm on this you know data provider profiles, I really just like to make a point of saying, please, if you see anything incorrect, or wrong, or something to add actually into your profiles or you want to actually update your organizational description please just get in touch with us because as you see this is a huge network, we have been going through hundreds of our data providers profiles, but obviously, we may have just you know left some some behind or we just skip them or something but we want to do our best in that department. This is another information, sorry this is another important aspects of the data providers visibility, because up to now we always just underlined the visibility of the data providers and organizational profile and etc. But August also gives the visibility to the data providers collections directly within the August database this certain screenshots that you see from the August database. If our data providers go into it go into the August database with their login credentials because this is a login protected interface. Not for the users, but for the data providers I'm trying to say that if they log in with their username and password, they are also able to filter the data providers by the country and specifically actually by the data provider. The reason that this is helpful for the data providers is that you can always go and check what is actually in your collection, how many records you have in that collection, and also the permanent link to your digital collection. In this specific example, our colleagues in the National Academy of Science of Science of Belarus. As I mentioned before, they're also using August as an infrastructure to expose their their collections. And again in the first session. Justin was also talking about some of the of the data providers and some countries against some of the organizations may not have all the possibilities or the possibilities to have this you know infrastructures themselves. Then, as I guess we are there to help to expose their actually research outputs within Agris and then they need it, they can also get it back to import to somewhere else. Like in the example of that we hear from Ricardo from Enrico. In this example again one last thing that I want to underline just changing the place of the photos. At this URL, it finishes with BY0. This is the unique Agris ID that I mentioned in the earlier slides. Every data provider is given this ID and when you actually filter the data providers, you can actually see this URL, and this is a permanent URL to your collections. What happens is that, for instance, in the Belarus colleagues, they can actually embed or they can link to this specific collections on their website. So rather than using any other infrastructure options. I hope this makes it clear in terms of what are the benefits that you can actually get from Agris, not just the organizational profiles, but individual digital collections are also quite visible in Agris database. Let's look at the little bits of the strategy that we are following to develop the content in Agris. Obviously, what we said since the beginning, this is very much evolving Agris because it has a long history, and at the moment we are also moving lots of back end processes from manual processes to the automated ways. Because now we are dealing with more repositories, a bit more enhanced actually technologies from our data providers. So from focusing on the library information system and the catalogs, we are moving more automated ways to expand our content. In terms of content types, things are also changing because there are data providers in the network. We used to get just the library records, but now they have a number of repositories within their organizations. They're also publishing journals. So from one organizations, from different departments even, we are actually indexing different type of resources. And the very, very latest one is the data sets. We have started indexing data sets in the last years. And about the quality. Obviously with the quality and the scope of Agris, we try and stay aligned with the, with the files, you know, interest of areas. The permanent contents is the presence and despite the fact that some items might be found as that are slightly outside of the scope of Agris, that is also okay. So if you see any of these off-site things that, you know, shouldn't be in the scope of Agris or in the database, they're always happy to actually hear from you. Because yeah, this is a, this is just an ongoing improvement we always do about the content. Collaborating with the data providers, this was something that we wanted to highlight. So Agris always wants to get the, or the priority is to get the information and the bibliographic records from the source of the original source of the resource. So rather than expanding our collaborative network with other service providers where we can aggregate and where we can actually harvest more from other service providers. We focus on these primary sources, you know, bits, bits, one or two exceptions, but you know, this is, this is where we stand. We also wanted to highlight our position with the full text. As I explained before, Agris doesn't store the full text, we don't actually store the records ourselves, but we do, sorry, the full text ourselves. But what we highly and strongly recommend is that when you are contributing to Agris, when you send the bibliographic records, please just include the full text link to your own collections. So that Agris actually, when the Agris users are using the database itself, they can also just visit your site at the end of that connection. This looks like a quite simple and known list, but I just wanted to underline what type of resources that they are indexing. They are journal articles, we have monographs, we have books, we have book chapters, book parts, we have conference objects, proceedings, posters, papers, and more importantly great literature. This is quite important to us. We explained that before, food and agriculture literature doesn't always take place in the, take place in the peer-reviewed literature or in the journal article, but they, you can find a lot of very useful, important, valuable information in the reports. For instance, so teasers, desertitions, working papers, technical reports, so reports, that's why great literature is quite important. And recently I already mentioned the data sets that we started indexing. I think I tried to make this point before, but multilinguality in Agris is one of the, again, one of the key elements of our, both our network and the database itself. We have large number of languages represented in Agris as a result of indexing bibliographic records in local languages from all over the world, so they don't need to be English, so they can be in any other languages. And this gives us that diversity that I talked about in the last hour. And this, yeah, this is very, very important, especially where we focus on the global south in terms of expanding the content in Agris. Yeah, and the diversity in terms of representation of these languages other than only English is an important value, as I said, and it is strongly endorsed in this scholarly communication from our perspective. Using Agrawalk, the Agrawalk multilingual teasers I'm sure is as familiar to most of you, but for those who doesn't know or doesn't use Agrawalk, it is well recognized widely used multilingual teasers and control recovery. That makes the infrastructure of Agris more discoverable on the on the web. And that content in terms of especially the accommodating number of languages. Maybe I should also just say, sorry, yeah, I'm in the right place. If it comes to the question like how really Agrawalk actually helps the discoverability. Agrawalk is a worldwide used and currently actually enables users to work with more than 39,000 different relevant agricultural concepts across 40 languages. What happens is that when you use actually Agris database. This is just a small example but if you put rice in your own language, and if this is actually translated in other languages in Agrawalk. So Agrawalk also catch, you know, the other, sorry, rice in other languages, even though you use actually non English language when you're actually doing your search. It's sort of small touches but really makes everything accessible and discoverable is quite key elements of the of the of the Agris. Agrawalk is also very much recommended to use to be used in the digital collections and the metadata provided by our data providers in the Agris network. It makes a little bit more sense in terms of discoverability now.  Agris does, Agris actually can work in terms of index and then ingesting data, manually and automatically in some automatic automated ways. And this is really based on the capabilities of the data providers information system, the way that they can actually provide the data to us, but we are just happy to have these submissions of these bibliographic records to Agris, either using email, as just metadata, you know, XML files, or they can upload, you know, these files into a service which we are providing in the institutional dashboard for data providers. And also, they can automatically harvest these these metadata with some by using some protocols. I really don't want to go into technical details of this but if you have any question or something, we are happy to follow that up. I'm sorry. Yes, and I think we really just to reinforce that you know data releasing Agris happens in monthly, mainly actually monthly, because new bibliographic records received by email, or with the uploads you know in the in the snow backhand service. They are actually released monthly, but if we actually get any automatically harvested content they are released quarterly, and then Agris accept the data submissions until the last working day of the month, like this month, and the next week of the following months, all the new data actually just gets in a release so this really gives gives us the quite up to date content from our data providers so we don't really keep them you know for months, we make a point of these you know release every month. You may also actually have some questions like you know when to send the event to send these new metadata or the bibliographic records to us.  But after you actually you contribute and send your bibliographic records, this gets you know materialized obviously in the agris database that's the pearl of you know what we are doing and what we are behind as a community in the end. At that point I will just leave the floor to Emma, because I think she will just give us some or she will take us through some of the elements on the agris database. Right, so let me. Here. Exactly, so now we have been talking a lot a lot a lot. So this is about two hours and a half about how marvelous is to be part of the agris network how good and beneficial for everybody is to work all together. I haven't shown exactly what is the the outputs of all this collaboration and and how this gets materialized in practical terms. So as I said, very briefly my first presentation. One is about the door slash address, which is more for the address network, and now I'm going to talk about address dot file dot org is where you can access the address that today's it's important to remark that I guess is only indexing the differences within store full text because I have seen a couple of questions that they were asking us. Oh, how can I do to upload data. No, you cannot upload data in our case what we can do is to index depositories information resources like if you have a depository with articles about the journals that you are publishing, if you're a publisher or if you are a library in a university so to index the library catalog for all the publications that are being produced in your library. If you want to give access to the full text in your organization, what we do is we add in this bureaucratic reference, a link to the full text. And then when a person is interested in accessing this record, they will go to your website so you would get this statistics you would get some qualitative and quantitative data about these. These successes said that be aware that seems probably about a little bit more of a decades, not too many people were publishing a record with full text. Therefore, you might get sometimes frustrated because your access to a record in this record doesn't have access to the full text. This is what happens because this happens because the database as we have said during the whole afternoon is pretty consolidated has been there for almost 50 years and this was not a normal practice some time ago. Thus, what we encourage in the address network and it is a role that areas network can play to support the users is that if yes there is a, let's say that there is a record that is very interesting. And just think I would like really to access to this because I feel like I can get very much type of research that I'm looking for. Well, you could always contact the data provider and ask the data provider. Could you please let me know whether I can get a copy of this publication in some cases, the data provider. Thus, if they have this can copy or they still have the paper copy in some cases you might not find a solution. It all depends on the fact that the dates that's this is publication was published. So be aware only about this and it's an important thing to keep in mind we receive lots of emails sometime asking for this kind of stuff. Next. So this is the interface for a great search. So you can see that this pretty simple so you can use, you can simply put some keywords. And then you can filter a little bit from the homepage you can filter by language you are looking for only you are looking for research about potatoes, but only in Peru. You are looking for only in Spanish, because you are only read Spanish, let's say, let's put it like that. Or you want to know what a specific data provider has specific data providers from a specific country have published about certain type of topic. So there, we cannot really provide you with a filter by each data provider but we can do a kind of filter based on the country the provenance of these data providers. And then you can also filter saying well, I want to like, I would like to have publications publications and data sets, only data sets depending a little bit of what you are looking for. So this is a simple search. This is what I was, I was mentioning is a little bit more specified here. It's the only thing that I would like to add to this to the previous slide is that you can also search a grease in this file. You can search official languages, as you will know from today and for the interpretation they are six, you can search in English, Spanish, French, Arabic, Chinese and Russian. So if you speak any of these languages you will feel much more comfortable if you use specific language that you'd like next. So you have a keyword and you have click on the icon and the system starts running gives you some results. And this is the page that you get after after the simple search. This is a page where you can get up to 10 results per page. This usually gives you quite a, quite a few information not too many because then you will still see that there is the result, a specific page for that resource. But essentially you can get the title you can get the authors the year of publication, a little bit of abstract if there is subjects, you can also get the name of the data provider that has supplied this information, and whether the data provider is active, non active interrupt it means that the organization is still alive, you could contact them if this publication is not full text. And because they are still there, you could contact them in case that we want to get something from them. But then there are also what we call done active obsolete. I think it's obsolete. I want to make sure is essentially means that this this organization we cannot be sure this is still active. And most probably you might have problems to find a new website and referring to that data provider on the web. Next. And this is the very busy bureaucratic record page. And you can get much information as we have about the bureaucratic record, we don't have anything more than that. So you can, first, on the top of the page, who provided that the record. So in this case is Sirat from France is a still active. He's providing data to us every year, and probably one more than once. And then you can see that this is a journal article that title, the year that was published abstract, what specific journal was published, and some more bureaucratic information that could be of your interest. And then there are some other words that would help you as well to filter earlier we did to navigate if you love browse to the website, if you feel like you would like to get more information about crop. Extensification I have problems to read that. And on the right, you have for instance, translate with Google if you like to translate it. If you want to get more information about the photographic record, you can also access the full text and here you can access either the text that the full text is available in the repository of Sirat. But if, for instance, this link wouldn't exist. You could always try to look up at Google a scholar whether somebody else has this document somewhere else. I can give you the both chances so seems like a duplication but in practical terms, it's not a duplication. Then you could also say the bureaucratic records, and you have three different meta data formats to do that. And this is it. This is the graphic records, very simple, very focused on providing as much visibility to the data provider as possible. Very facilitating all the work is done by you. The research is done by your organization so we are simply making possible that this record is more findable and visible on the web. Next. So what we are planning to do in terms of improvements. Well, we would like to improve search functionalities. Of course, this is always something that all the search engines would like to do. What can we do best to make easier the life of our users. We would like to get more quality in the bureaucratic records because sometimes it's not that we are incapable and we cannot do, or we cannot set up better functionalities. It's simply that the meta data that we are getting is not rich enough to help us to do all the type of filters or other type of futures in on the website to make it more interesting in a way. So this is something that we need to work on and I as I said before I like very much that some of our colleagues today attending this conference mentioned this, this element of quality. Also better usability always more visibility and better connection with AgriVoc. And we want to know from you what can we do better. So this is always. I mean those that know us now since we took and they know that we are listening very carefully to what we would you are saying so don't feel like we are not going to listen. We always listen and just let us know or just come to the next animal meeting and tell us that you have it more about what you think about that piece. And said that and moving to the next slides. I'm very pleased to welcome our last two guest speakers. I would suggest that they start turning on their webcams and their mics, but in the meantime, I would like to welcome Lydia Peter Mova. She's the deputy director for science and at the Center of Scientific Agricultural Library in the Russian Federation, and on a number is that he's the head of agricultural libraries at Macarena University, Uganda. So, yes, so, yes, so I see that Onan is already there. And Lydia, I also put you in. I connected, but unfortunately, the video is not visible, since you haven't turned on me yet. It says that the organizer. I understood. I have sent. Yeah, perfect. I would suggest that we start with Lydia, Lydia has a very interesting speaking notes for this session today. And then we will move forward to Onan, and who is going to be our last guest speaker. So thank you to both of you. Lydia, the floor is yours. We integrate information about scientific Russian publications in the world information space. The history of the aggression. In the history of the aggression, there were different periods from active actions and active development to the current existence. However, in the last two or three years, we can state the noticeable activity of the aggression team, which is expressed as the conduct of various events, as well as the constant feedback from the members of the aggression community. But the main thing is that in the work directed at improving the content of the aggression, the development of its user services, and the expansion of search opportunities. Two years ago, at the conference in Moscow, there were some technical and technological drawbacks in the work of the aggression that led to loss of information and significant delay in publishing documents in the database. Today, we can talk about the smooth work of the database and the continuous work on the implementation of the database. This cannot be not happy. There are also proposed proposals on the need to create a complex of methodical services for the aggression, as well as the desire to receive various kinds of statistics on the delivery of documents in the database and at the work of the centers. Today, we have heard this in the presentation of our organizers. This is really very convenient and good. Thank you very much. According to the work of the aggression team, various types of webinars are conducted. And the whole complex of events held over the past few years are about the intensive development of the aggression. We also emphasize that today the aggression is the largest waste of the database of the rural economy, reflecting documents on the results of scientific research and development. That is, the database is a great means of transmission, distribution and exchange of knowledge on scientific research. New technologies and technological development in the area of rural economy. Its essential advantage is free access to information. Increasing the annual number of links to the full text is also another advantage compared to reflective database databases of the rural economy, for example, and reflective database multidisciplinary databases. The corporate creation of the database of the country by members of the FAO provides the full reflection of the national document flows on the problems of rural economy, which is extremely important for getting an idea of the state of rural economy in the world and in a separate country. Of course, the advantage and dignity of the agris is a means of identification and thematic search, which, we can say confidently, is a very good database. Thanks to the development, especially in the last few years, we have presented the full list of our expectations. We must say that they are more or less already not implemented today, and this cannot be displeased. However, we still believe that it is extremely important that the agris is always included in the current and the current, reliable, verified and processed structured information. The format of the presentation of information corresponded to the modern level of development of communication networks. Objectively reflected the results of scientific research in the area of the FAO in different countries of the world. It was developing and improving the international network to provide effective mathematical search. The number of links to the full text of documents has increased, improving and developing user services. In fact, what I have just said, we have already heard today in the presentation of our organizers. And this, again, cannot be displeased. It is important that today the base of this agris is the uniting tool of cooperation of the national agris centers, creating the so-called agris community. It is wonderful, because we have become more and more eager to communicate, exchange of consciousness, innovations and technologies. The pandemic has brought its team and worked at the national agris center in Russia, as well as in all other countries and the national center, I think. However, we managed to maintain the volume and the pace of our work. Moreover, we continue to gradually increase our volume. As a majority of the organization, we combine remote work with work and the opportunities in the office. And thanks to the means of communication, we participate in various webinars and conferences, including the Russian magazines about the possibilities and the role of the agris in the duration of the scientific research results. We explain to our creators of the magazine the requirements of the agris and respond to their numerous questions. And together, we work on the improvements that are presented in the agris metadata. As for the improvements in the metadata, I share the concern of our organizers. This is also a very important problem. And here, in our view, there are two possibilities of improving the quality of the metadata. But first of all, we need the quality of the referrals and the metadata that is published in the magazines. This is undoubtedly the concern of the creators. And they work on this and we help them with it. As for the selection of key words, the selection of terms from Tizaurus, Tizaurus is not the simplest system, and therefore it is better for us to work as an information worker in the national centers that actually work. Because, in fact, from this very important work depends on the efficiency of the automatic search and its reliability. Therefore, this is already the responsibility, as it seems to us, in the national centers. We hope that the agris will continue to develop and the agris of the society will grow and increase. Thank you for your attention, I have everything. Thank you, Olivia. Unfortunately, we might need to hurry up a little bit because interpreters are ending their time in 10 minutes. Thank you, Olivia. It was very good to hear such good words after Moscow in terms of the IT, so I really appreciate. I'm pretty sure that we will have the occasion to meet again very soon and to speak more about agris. I would like to welcome Onan Mulumba. Onan, the flow is all yours. Thank you very much, Ima. And thank you very much the entire team, organizing team for this event. I'm very happy to have been one of the speakers of this event, but most especially, I'm so happy that my talk is going to crown this event. Yes, I'm just going to speak about agris and how it is contributing and supporting research, especially in Mercury University and perhaps in some other institutions around us. To give you a brief background about Mercury University, it was established in 1922 as a technical school. And Mercury University is one of the oldest universities in East Africa and perhaps in Africa. When I said 1922, it means that by 2022, which is just next year, Mercury University will be celebrating 100 years, which makes that a remarkable kind of achievement in terms of existence. And also Mercury University is regarded as one of the most prestigious English universities in Africa. It is worth noting that Mercury University's co-activities include teaching, research and innovations, and community engagement. But I also need to talk about how Mercury is benefitting from agris. Agriculture research at Mercury University has long been premised on both physical and electronic information resources. However, with the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is need for an almost 100% electronic information support. So for our information resources such as agora and agris among the key electronic sources of information, which the university has been depending on and continues to depend on, agris directly supports agricultural research at Mercury University through providing free access to the publications, these including research articles and of course the data sets. Through the agris network, researchers are able to collaborate with other researchers to accomplish certain research tasks and thus this enhances the south to south research collaborations as well as the south to north collaborations. I need to speak about some of the key achievements, research achievements and accomplishments at Mercury University. Of course we have a multitude of them, but just to highlight a few, we've had recently a state-of-the-art solar irrigation pump developed, especially within the College of Agriculture. Again, we've had new soybean varieties released. We have had a nitrogen biofortified and peritized commercial grade organic fertilizer. Of course there are so many research and innovation accomplishments I cannot mention now, but FAO and the information resources have supported so much these research accomplishments. But how can Mercury support agris? I need to highlight some of these. Mercury University being a member of the regional universities forum directly contributes the research content in agris because when you research agris you'll find that the forum has contributed quite a number of research articles which are visible within agris. Also there is an opportunity for Mercury research community to publish its research data through agris. Of course following institutional research management policies which has been some of the much bureaucratic kind of processes to overcome. As a requirement in the current College Ram review, reviews at the university, information literacy should be incorporated in all courses on the online platform. And therefore agris is presented as one of the key information resources to support the adult education and other science based programs. Before I finish, I would like to respond to Dr. Sengar's question number only raised. Of course, yes it is true. Most of our institutions internationally have a hard challenges sustaining those collaborations and partnerships, especially with regard to information management. Many of them have failed to stand the test of time. Some of them have died even before they could mature. But my main concern is, we see that Aggris has taken the initiative to sustain these networks for such a long time. What do we learn from this kind of experience? I think that's something we need to take on as we think of our future partnerships and engagements. I thank you all and I thank FAO for this initiative, but I cannot forget to thank the Aggris team of course under the championship of EMA for such a wonderful resource. Thank you very much.


Nature has developed many solutions to solve technical problems related to material surfaces by combining the physical chemical properties of materials with periodically aligned micro slash nanostructures in a sophisticated manner. Ultra-short-pulse lasers can mimic these features by generating laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS, which allow for the creation of superhydrophobic, anti-ireflective, colored, and drag-resistant surfaces. Biological examples such as lotus leaves, springtails, desert beetles, moth eyes, butterfly wings, weevils, pangolins, and snakes demonstrate how nature solves technical problems while recent advances in the field have led to the development of new applications. Future developments and perspectives are also discussed. This article was authored by Frank A. Muller, Clemens Kuhns, and Stefan Graf.


Hello and welcome to the Grand Line Review, your source for everything one piece. And today we have review of chapter 991, Let Us Die. And all right, today the countdown has officially begun because including this chapter, we are now officially 10 away from hitting that amazing 1000 mark, which is ridiculous. And not something I ever would have thought possible when I started reading this series back when it was in the late 300s. And with that in mind, I think it's only appropriate that the action on Wano is definitely stepping up and who knows an awful lot can happen in 10 chapters just as a rather surprising amount happened here today. But 991 is the kind of chapter that risks feeling a bit slow and dare I say even a little pointless on a surface level because really not a whole lot happens to progress the story. However, in exchange for that, this chapter gives us a whole host of superb character interactions and really reminds me of one of the core reasons why I love One Piece so much. Because even in a chapter where people are just primarily talking and a bit of action, it's still ridiculously captivating.  Our current goal is for the Grand Fleet to reach 300,000 members by the end of the year and with your help, I definitely think we can get there. But the obvious place to start would be with Drake and the Straw Hats. And in many ways, this was such a classic interaction at this point. You know, former antagonist suggests an alliance and everyone except Luffy objects to it. The whole scenario very much took me back to the alabaster days when the crew discovered Robin as a stowaway aboard the Going Merry. However, there are some things about this Drake business that do quite surprise me. Firstly, being that Jinbei joined the Zora Frankie bandwagon of being against the idea of trusting Drake. And I think I find that weird because he was the one who really spearheaded the whole alliance with Capone Gang Beige. And as arguably the most wise and member of the Straw Hat Pirates, he should be the first to see great value in a member of the worst generation defecting to their side for whatever reason that is. I mean, yes, it is a very different situation because Jinbei was aware of Beige's plot. Whereas here, there is a very specific point being made about Drake still being quite unwilling to reveal the full truth. Still, you might think that Jinbei would be more or less used to Luffy's tendencies by now, although I suppose you could say the same for the rest of the crew. In fact, that does bring up the greatest strength of Jinbei's reaction though, because he really did feel like part of the crew during this scene. And it was good to have a moment like this because I don't predict many chances for crew comedy going forward with this whole climax. Now Zora's reaction is a bit more understandable because he's a pretty simple guy. Enemy equals enemy. Enemy does not equal ally. And it was really cool seeing him leap straight into combat with Drake because as small of a skirmish as this was, I always appreciate members of the worst generation facing off against each other. And at the same time, Zora and Drake then go on to make quite a nice pair as well later on in the chapter when they both suddenly lash out at scratch when a poo. And with that, I'm wondering if we're starting to properly divide up for some fights during this chapter because there's a couple of other examples, but Zora and Drake's situation ends with the two of them being assaulted by Queen. And I really don't mind the idea of a Drake and Zora versus Queen scenario. And maybe meanwhile, Sanji has a different team up to take on King, which let's be real at this point, Sanji is probably much better positioned to do. With the Raid Suit and Skywalk, Sanji is just much better able to handle King's flight. But back to Drake, I also think it's quite interesting that Luffy treats the situation very differently. I mean, I say differently, this is actually what I kind of expect of Luffy, but it makes it all the more surprising that he treated Yamato with such hostility, especially considering it was under almost the exact same conditions. Yamato, just like Drake, was an unknown and likely enemy popping out of nowhere who dealt with Luffy's opponent and then offered to join forces. But with Drake, he accepts that offer immediately and with Yamato, he's much more irritable and unwilling to listen even for a second. And initially I thought that, well, that might just be because Luffy was in a hurry to maybe save Momonosuke from being executed, but he actually didn't even know that any of that was happening until much later. And I don't know, it's just an interesting little difference between Luffy happening there. Skipping to some great comedy of the chapter though, we have a pretty fantastic quartet forming here with Usopp Nami Ulti in page one. There was a lot of cool things that happened in chapter 991, but I think that my favorite moment was when Usopp was pretending to be Nami. And we just have this fantastic shot of her just completely deadpan, allegedly saying all of these inflammatory things to Ulti. It's such a wonderfully Usopp move. And then it's even accompanied by some very classic Nami with her talking smack whilst running away. And this is the second scene in the chapter where it feels like we might be forming proper matchups. In this case, Usopp Nami versus Ulti in page one. And I do think that is a surprisingly fun idea. Firstly, because Nami and Usopp are such a unique team within the crew. To my knowledge, we've only really seen them work together once on punk hazard against Buffalo and baby five, although I would never go so far as to call that, you know, a fight. But they are an intriguing pair because obviously neither of them is capable of raw strength, yet both of them have access to some pretty fearsome strategic prowess. Some of which is on display in this very chapter with Usopp's attack. And I honestly thought that was one of Brooke's soul techniques at first, but no, it was an Usopp special. And it was fairly effective against page one. Meanwhile, Nami's climate attack has always been one of the most overpowered weapons in the series when used under the right conditions. And I'm very keen for the potential to see her use it in, you know, an actual fight. And I don't know if I should be getting my hopes up very much in that respect because the worst case scenario I can think of at this stage is for Usopp and Nami to briefly engage in a fight, realize how completely our class they are and then have to be saved by someone else. Sort of like Usopp's very awkward situation against Jabba at any sobby. But if we are indeed going down this path, I would much rather see Usopp and Nami come out on top against Ulti in page one. And I don't think that's out of the question either. I mean, yes, they are undoubtedly the two weakest members of the crew, but they are also the two smartest.  So this could turn into a very typical brains versus brawn matchup. And the more I think about it, the more keen I become and it should be a pretty hilarious fight as well in theory, should it go ahead. And something else that may or may not be worth flagging is that of course, Sanji noticed Ulti. And Sanji is a bit of a weird figure in this chapter in general actually, because when thinking back on all of the big moments of 991, I actually forgot he was in the chapter at all. But he does have a lot of these sprinkled in moments. Small panels here and there of him popping into the conversation, like when he comments on Ulti, or even better when he placed his trust in Usopp after he and Nami ran off. And that's a pretty big thing actually. And another one of those nice nods to how much belief the rest of the crew has in Usopp. Certainly more belief than he has in himself. But speaking of Sanji, he also features in another scene I quite liked, which was Luffy engaging in Future Sight to see Scratch Menopu's attack incoming. And then Luffy warns Sanji to cover his ears. And yeah, it was a very mind bit of the chapter, but I do love seeing Luffy's progress in action. Every time he whips out Future Sight, it just continues to add value to that extraordinarily long fight against Carter Curry on Hulkic Island. And it just makes everything worth it. But all right, Scratch Menopu. He's back in focus and it's getting a little harder to see a situation where he does eventually betray Kaido.  But I do need to remind myself that Capone was also portrayed as a villain before he eventually joined forces with Luffy. So who knows if that matters? Although in the end, I do think it would be good to have at least one worst generation member standing up as a true antagonist. Because quite frankly, I do see Hawkins defecting the very moment his cards tell him to do so. But Apu is a different story. I think the only way he turns against the Beast Pirates by seeing them all practically defeated. And even then, I don't know how big of an opportunity that is to actually join the other worst generation members. They all hate him. Kid hates him. Drake hates him. I'm sure that Hawkins hates him. Killer probably hates him.  Lore hates everyone. And Luffy, well, I don't know, maybe Luffy. But it's still not looking too great. So I am very much tossing up the idea of whether or not we'll see the end of a worst generation member here on Wano, specifically Scratch Menopu. And the more romantically adventurous aspect to me wants to believe that once the Onko saga has concluded, that we will shift to exclusively focusing on the worst generation members. And only then and there can they start to be properly taken out. So we shall see, but the part about Apu that I think was the weakest in 991 was anything to do with the numbers. I still don't care about them. And in this chapter in particular, I felt like every panel of them was a bit of a disappointing waste of space. Oh, and I'm also really, really hoping that Hatcher is not going to be the center stage conflict for either Frankie or Jinbei. Both of them definitely deserve better than dealing with a giant bowl cut. However, just like with Nami and Usopp and Zoro and Drake, it would seem that Frankie and Jinbei might be being set up to face off against Hatcher. Heading outside into the moon, let's know though, the strongest and most fascinating material of this chapter definitely happened within these last few pages. And there's three very key things here. The first of which is obviously that we finally have the Soulong forms of Inaarashi and Nekama Mushi revealed. And they do look pretty boss. They're quite similar to how the other minks are in terms of design, which is not so much point in their favor, but I do love how they are drawn in this panel. It's just a really good example of how to use super basic features to structure an image. With the light of the moon around them, their fur has this nice white glow around it, which allows the rest of them to be cast in a degree of shadow, which very much adds to their intimidation factor, rather than being classically one piece bright. Also really, really easy golden ratio use happening with Nekama Mushi filling two thirds of the frame and Inaarashi inhabiting one third. It's very, very simple, but ever so important.  More to talk about though, because very surprisingly, at least to me, and it shouldn't be, Jack has been defeated. And no, in retrospect, it shouldn't be surprising for many, many reasons. The first of which was that he was unable to overcome the base forms of Nekama Mushi and Inaarashi on zo, the second of which being that Jack got pretty manhandled by Ashura Dolji much earlier on. And thirdly, because he was very clearly struggling in the last chapter, before Nekama Mushi and Inaarashi had even stepped in. I guess it just came as kind of sudden and another example of Oda electing to show minimal action to convey a point or a bit of story. And I do definitely quite like it. However, I do wonder if people are going to complain about this being another, you know, off-screen battle because that tends to happen with things like this. But actually, you know what? You wanna know something sickening. I actually feel kind of sorry for Jack. There's just something so pathetic about that panel seeing his mammoth form on its side with Daddy Kaido coming in to defend him.  And I know I shouldn't feel sorry for Jack. He's one of the most horrendous figures in one piece and that's saying something. But there was also something, I don't know if empathetic is the right word, but something empathetic about Kaido stepping in to protect his crewmate, which is not something I would have necessarily anticipated him doing, especially with the Beast Pirate's policy of strength-trumping everything. So it's not the first sign of something deeper with Kaido, I think he's had some very nice noble-esque moments before, particularly showing disgust and disapproval to the actions of Orochi. And he seems to perhaps be very slowly unraveling into a more empathetic figure, which is what we really, really need from our main antagonist in one way or another. And the third thing to note about this section is the ending, absolutely underrated ending here, where we see Kinema launching towards Kaido in full force and slicing through not only his attack, but also Kaido himself. I love it. This whole section is very evocative of the conflict between Odin and Kaido, only instead of one man, it's an entire legion of vassals who together present the same level of power and more importantly will that Odin did, which means that Kaido may actually be in a bit of trouble here because he wasn't exactly able to overcome Odin without the interference of an old hag lady thing. At least that's how I think this chapter is meant to make us feel. Kaido was on the ropes in the Samurai are far more powerful and prepared than we ever could have imagined. And part of me really wants to see a resolution where it's just the vassals that take down Kaido, but I think we all know that's not quite where this is leading. There's just been too many hints about Zoro wanting to take on Kaido, unfinished business between Yamato and Kaido. And of course, Luffy is the most important of all as the designated Kaido crusher. But as much as certain tragedy is incoming, this is easily my favorite Kinema moment of his probably entire existence in the series. And I am incredibly pumped to see the rest of the vassals kick into gear soon, which might be next week because there's no break. Fantastic. The countdown to chapter 1000 will continue smoothly. But that pretty much does it for chapter 991. And what do you guys think? Please do leave your thoughts in the comments below or even join my Discord server. And if you'd like to see more videos like this, then please do go and check out some of my other content or even subscribe to the channel for more glorious One Piece business uploaded straight into your YouTube feeds. But for now, this has been the Grand Line Review and I'll see you next time.


Welcome, my name is Patrick Edgington and this series of videos will give you an introduction into how computers are designed and structured. We're going to look at how the simple pieces of a computer are organized to provide the behavior that allows us to solve complex problems. These videos are designed to cover the material from a standard junior level university course from computer science and computer engineering that covers computer architecture, computer organization, and assembly language programming. We can think of a computer at several levels of abstraction. Each layer builds upon the layer below it and usually doesn't interact with the deeper layers. This means that at each level, we only need to know a little bit about how the computer works to produce useful solutions to our problems. However, having a greater understanding of the entire structure allows computer programmers and engineers to produce faster and more efficient solutions to the problems they have faced. It's also just really cool to see how the whole thing works. On the software side, most students get to this point in their education after having written programs in a couple different programming languages. Hardware focused students will have also learned how we can build the individual transistors that make up a computer. One of the primary goals of this course is to show how these disparate topics interact and complement each other. So we will expect that you're familiar with programming and computer in a high-level language, and there are lots of high-level languages that you may have used. The category includes popular compiled languages such as C++ or Java, scripting languages like Python or JavaScript, as well as problem-focused languages such as Lisp or SQL. For the purposes of this course, we won't focus on any particular language, but we will see how the code from procedural languages like C actually runs on hardware. We will also extend this to support some of the features of object-oriented languages at the end. On the hardware side, we'll assume you know you can build digital logic gates from transistors. We're not going to worry about how those logic gates are implemented. Instead, we'll start with the abstraction of logic gates and show how we can build functional hardware using those simple pieces. We will be using four basic logic gates and or XOR and XOT as the basis of the computer that we'll build in this course. The goal of this course is to take that knowledge about hardware and software and show how they connect. So we're going to be filling out these intermediate layers of abstraction to see how each one works, how it's built from the underlying layer, and how it contributes to the overlying layer. These videos begin with some required background knowledge and some general topics that are related to multiple areas. Power estimation will give you an idea how pieces of hardware consume electricity. Execution time, performance, parallelization, and Amdahl's Law combine to give you some really great insight into how to optimize programs and hardware to get the most performance out of them with the least amount of effort. We also need a solid grasp of number systems in order to understand how we can build a computer to do arithmetic. These videos will focus on the MIPS architecture and its corresponding assembly language. MIPS is a popular architecture for undergraduate courses because it's simple enough to cover in one semester and yet still contains all the parts required for a modern computer. The MIPS architecture is still actively maintained and produced, though it's generally overshadowed by the x86 and ARM architectures. We'll begin with simple arithmetic instructions and show how to read input from and print results to the console. From there, we'll start building all of the structures that we're familiar with, if statements, loops, functions, and then we'll move on to memory. We'll get to see how to allocate, deallocate, and access memory on both the stack and the heap. We'll also see how we can build complex data structures, including multi-dimensional arrays. Finally, we'll conclude by looking at how floating point instructions are implemented in the MIPS architecture, and we'll see how we can even implement polymorphism at the assembly language level. Building up from the bottom, we'll review logic gates and the standard logical equivalences. From there, we'll begin by building a one-bit multiplexer, then extending it to 32 bits. Once we have a multiplexer, we'll use that as part of the arithmetic logic unit that we build. The bulk of the ALU will be simple logic gates, but we'll use the multiplexer to select the information that we're interested in. We'll also look at the basic memory structures of latches and flip flops. We'll see how we can assemble logic gates to build a structure that can hold information and allow us to change or retrieve it on demand. The process will also get to see how the clock cycle affects this memory access. Finally, we'll see how we can assemble some of these parts to perform the more complex arithmetic of multiplication and division. To look at the MIPS architecture, we'll start by building data paths that can implement one assembly language instruction each. We'll build a few of these and then, noting the commonalities between them, we can assemble them into a single implementation. Of course, we'll also want to control what the combined hardware does. So we'll add a number of signals to control how information flows through our hardware and control which paces we use and keep. While this will produce a working computer, it won't be terribly efficient. Pipelining will give us a way to improve our performance by running multiple instructions concurrently. This will, of course, produce some problems when one instruction requires the result of a previous instruction. But we'll see how we can mitigate or remove those problems. Finally, we'll look at some complex modern architectures. Tomasulu's algorithm is a simple, popular way to run multiple instructions simultaneously that extends the performance increase we got with pipelining. We'll also look at how our processor can interact with their outside world through a bus and see the general memory hierarchy. Put together, all of these will show you how we get complex computer programs to run on the simple transistors that we physically build.