Welcome everybody So I am now going to kick off today's Let's see. I got a fine slide. Sorry. Okay. Let's pick off. So a very good morning to everyone joining us from North America Good afternoon to everyone joining us from Europe and a good evening to everyone joining from India and in my time zone around Asia-Pacific. So very much welcome to this webinar. I'm Julian Gordon I'm the VP for Asia-Pacific for the Hyperledger Foundation in Asia-Pacific and I'm delighted to be here today for this Hyperledger member in-depth webinar with our wonderful member Information Data Systems or IDS as they are known and I'm really looking forward to today's presentation Thank you Aravind Who's the vice president with IDS for being here to inform us all About the world's largest academic consortium network the Baharat blockchain network Which is India's a nation nationwide hybrid blockchain network Developed to enable blockchain projects of national and academic interest So that's that's what you were just about to have but firstly, I have a few housekeeping items Firstly, this is a Hyperledger Meeting Webinar so everyone is welcome, but we do have a code of conduct, which is quite sensible Basically just treat others as you would treat oneself. So with respect So we have a very diverse community and that is our strengths. So we have a code of conduct So please adhere to that We have a few other housekeeping items. We do have an antitrust policy at Linux foundation. This is a Linux foundation meeting. So please Comply by that and if you want to know more information, please look up on our website. This has been recorded So please be aware of that and you will get the slides afterwards and Finally in terms of let's make this interactive So please if you want raise your hand at any time and we can unmate unmute and speak to you You ask questions through the QA Use the chat. We will have a Q&A session at the end. So we may bring some of those at the end or respond them as we go along But that is what we're doing today and I'm now going to hack you back to our oven who is going to give you Presentations really cool stuff. He's going to talk about today. So our oven. I'm going to hand it back to you Do you need to share your slides? Don't you? Yeah, yes. Yes Yeah so, thanks, Julian and hyper ledger foundation for Bringing this webinar so that we can share what we are doing with the world So let me quickly share the screen Julian I think you need to stop sharing and then I can Yeah, okay Okay, so hope everyone is able to see the see my screens, okay so welcome all and Let me introduce you to Bharat blockchain network and Polyver city so basically Bharat blockchain network is world's largest academic blockchain consortium network and It's an academic Metaverse and educational metaverse Which is by name Polyver city and this is being built by ideas information data systems and Supported by the apex body the regulator of technical education in the country that is a icte All India council for technical education. So we are we are collaborating with the the apex body the regulator of technical education and We are building this and of course our Network is built on hyper ledger basu. So I think that is where the context of doing this webinar as part of hyper ledger foundation as a member is being done so Coming to ideas We are one of the only 18 hyper ledger certified service providers and Basically, we are a product development company, but also we take up certain enterprise blockchain projects and we delivered many Across various domains be it supply chain trade finance CBDC NFT marketplace bond organization Air cargo operations GRC. So so across multiple domains and we have certain products by name crushed flow which is built for supply chain and Soon eggs for next gen CBDC and some of our clientele and we are also we also collaborate with Multiple universities and academic institutions for setting up applied blockchain center That is center of excellence in blockchain and also do upskilling programs because we are also a hyper ledger training partner So coming to me I'm heading all the blockchain practice and products at ideas as vice president and I'm also chair for hyper ledger governance risk and compliance special interest group an alumnus of triple ITI Hyderabad and Liverpool Business School UK and So first of all this poly versity and Bharat blockchain network Both the initiatives are launched by our Honorable central higher education minister Dharmendra Pradhan ji in July 2022. So it's been quite A few months that we launched this and indeed In last four months. We progressed very aggressively Now we have over 100 plus academic partners who signed up and over 30 academic partners have already set up the nodes For the network. So the network is up and running. So I'll show certain Things in the coming slides and basically what we are building here is a next generation Figital University ecosystem So we are bringing multiple academic institutions across the country to come together form a hybrid blockchain network when we say hybrid We mean The validator nodes and the member nodes are maintained on a permissioned blockchain network that is built on hyper ledger basu and this network is Interoperable with ethereum mainnet and poly on both Public blockchains for storing certain assets and to manage certain assets on public blockchain Where the trust is anchored on the public blockchain. So so we are bringing the old Indian education ecosystem to come on one platform network or a consortium network so that it can become a Marketplace on top of it for many Applications, okay, so which I'll introduce to you in coming slides. So basically if you look at Bharat blockchain network as I highlighted the consortium is led by ideas and a ICT ideas in terms of the implementation and a ICT as the regulator encouraging academic institutions to come on to this platform and basically This network has a utility coin because hyper ledger basu pretty much supports the concepts of coin tokens But in a permissioned network, so like how ethereum network has ETH as its native cryptocurrency We have BBN coin as a utility coin. It's not tradable Rather the coin is only for voting and certain utilities by these academic partners To decide the way this consortium network evolves and of course, it's not restricted to academia alone Rather, we are also bringing industry and government players who have certain interest in terms of building certain applications which are targeted for students or academic institutions and also Some of the government projects. So we are in talks with certain government bodies who are also evaluating the Bharat blockchain network to use To be used as a validator network, okay So they deploy their applications and Bharat blockchain network becomes a validator network for their applications So basically we are bringing academia industry and government to come together and also Explore experiment with blockchain use cases and launch their blockchain projects. So this is pretty much some similar to Blockchain service network of China, but here the validator nodes are coming from not only government rather it's coming from the academic institutions and certain industry bodies And coming to our academic partners they spread across 15 states in India and we are rapidly growing and Indeed we listed some of the prestigious institutions here like SRM University, VIT ISBR, B-School. So it's not restricted to only engineering or technical academic institutions rather this is for B-Schools as well and each of these are maintaining on-prem nodes. So so ours is a multi-cloud and Mixed I mean we have some nodes running on cloud and we are also having some nodes running on Prem by these academic institutions. So this is something which is Amazing to see By the team of ideas to bring all these academic partners to learn. So we are not just enabling academic institutions to upskill their students and do some Trainings and all rather we want to make the academic institutions to be part of the revolution by maintaining a node and to enable them to manage a network and drive various applications of their interest to be run on this and Coming to the vision and mission Basically, we we are targeting. I mean basically ideas and AICT Aim to put India on the forefront of blockchain revolution in terms of attracting investments and also encouraging blockchain unicorns and upskilling and This is to connect collaborate and consolidate all the collective efforts by Indian Academy under one consortium And if you carefully observe we are in web 3 and if you look at web 1 and 2 predominantly the universities in US Which were early part of internet which were which took part in the early Adoption of internet are the people who gave raised to lot of unicorns and tech Companies to the world and now in the next iteration of web that is web 3 We want to make sure India not to lose out and we are strategically positioned now because India has Amazing demographic dividend with an average age of Indian being 28. So this is time for India and we want to make sure India leads in this blockchain revolution through Bharat blockchain network and Coming to the Academic partners what they usually do is they maintain the node they get certain BBN coins and proportion to what they hold they get certain voting power and on top of it There are a number of applications which they can use leveraging the BBN coins which they get as part of the validation validator network so one is maintaining the node Getting access to certain the app the apps which are built on top of this network and second to attract certain government and industry funding to build joint intellectual property So indeed we are also bringing certain so though we are building this network on hyper ledger We are also bringing other protocols be it head or a hash graph polygon Ethereum foundation and certain other protocols like harmony and we are in talks with them so we are bringing all blockchain ecosystem players to come together and Bring certain funds and grants To this consortium so that academia can participate actively in blockchain research and development And last but not the least of course, whatever computation power they are putting to the network they get certain Utility coins which they can use for the various applications as I highlighted. So so this is basically a service network as well as the academic academia academia can use certain applications which are relevant to them and Coming to the faculty, of course, we are forming certain domain specific SIGs basically special interest groups and working groups and organizing certain industry talks indeed last four to Six months we organized around 40 plus industry talks which are meant to sensitize the faculty and students across these academic partners to start building use cases around blockchain and Coming to the consortium network. So this is how our consortium Layers look like so on the on the ground. We have government a ICT and Maintaining a couple of notes and academia maintaining majority of the notes and from industry We ideas is maintaining of course soon. We are bringing few more industry players to maintain notes and faculty and students are pretty much Users and the layer one is the identity layer. So because this is a permissioned blockchain we leveraged hyper ledger besu and We are bringing the identity layer DID To make sure all these stakeholders and different user groups are identified and they have identity on top of this and also On top of that is where the applications are being built So now we are working with a ICT and also working on internship certificate issuance where today a ICT has a platform under name NEET where Lacks of in I mean hundreds thousands of internships are being given and All the certificate issuance will eventually happen on Bharat block chain network and also skill badges So where there are lots of upskilling initiatives being done by NASCOM future skills a ICT and Ministry of Education So we are eventually integrating their skill badges and issuance on Bharat block chain network and also as per new Education policy in India a student can do choice based Degree system where a student can do a part of bachelor's degree or postgrad in one university And then second and a third fourth So so he can get credits from multiple academic issuance and as a whole they get a degree So to consolidate all these credits across the stakeholders the DID is being mapped to the student transfer and academy So basically smart contract driven Operations is what we are trying to bring so that the regulators and also academic issuance have less operational overhead and governance overhead and We are also bringing certain government schemes meant for students to be tokenized On top of this hyper ledger based on network so that the government has Track and I mean trackability and traceability of how these funds are being utilized So that is also something we are working on and third the important Application what we are building is the built-in audit for accountability Today academic issuance in India, especially they have various accreditation bodies to which they continuously Update various documents and data about how the university or academic issuance is being run So all these data points are presented to academic part I mean accreditation bodies again and again again and again in different formats. So what we are bringing is Indian government is already working on one nation one data platform, but now we are latching blockchain so that the integrity of this data is assured and Academic issuance have accountability in what they are doing. So these are certain applications Of course, we are also building the education metaverse as I highlighted where each academic institution has and virtual university campus Through to which the students can access the classrooms labs Libraries meeting rooms various spaces. So so so this is so the one layer one is identity and top of it We are building an application marketplace. I mean applications. Of course as API's so predominantly most of these functionalities are API's so that On the layer three, we are building a D app store a marketplace where various service providers can start leveraging this API's and build applications and serve the Academy under one umbrella. Okay, so this is what we are doing and We have the consortium governance body to manage certain aspects of the network And coming to the solution architecture We have various endpoints Some of them can be mobile apps physical cards and ID card. So we are also bringing attendance of the students to be captured Not as a transaction but to be stored on a Database and then at a certain frequency the data integrities again is issued by blockchain So so basically we are bringing various use cases of traditional Academy and see wherever blockchain can be leveraged We want to bring them and validating peers observer peers and the third party valets and Blockchain lab and sandbox for students or faculty who want to build some applications on top of the network So we have an API interface and dynamic cure for the DID mapper to DID and then payment gateways transaction explorer identity management and some government grants and vouchers a D app store and document management security management and a faucet for the BBN coins and The user groups predominantly are the university or colleges faculty and students of course a tech players as well and Coming to the person as we have a ICT the regulator The university point of contacts acting as admins for the nodes being maintained government grant owner upskilling bodies and academic service providers So this is all something what we are working on and Coming to the validator Network so as you can see we have over 26 peers and we have 401,216 blocks mind and We are so in phase one like we are in phase one for next two months So first six months is where we are making sure all our academic partners they connect their nodes and they are able to manage maintaining a node on a continual basis and Make sure the network is stable and they are able to sync all the blocks and then Eventually in phase two we are bringing the DID which is under development on top of this and then we will open up for the applications so so these are like three layers in which the development is happening so the network is in production already and We are we are making sure This will be a game changer for Bringing academia to participate in the so previously in India if you carefully listen, it's all about industry academy or partnerships collaboration But the partnership do not really happen much It is pretty much restricted to only upskilling and hiring But now we want to bring academia and industry on a single I mean on a level playing field where it's not just Supplying resources rather also participating In the web 3 and in this ecosystem and start building applications and Commercialize on the intellectual property and the applications they build so this is something what we are doing and also To make sure the blockchain I mean the activity On ground to be sustained so we have started blockchain chapters each academic partner has and blockchain chapter up and running at the campus And students do join that and we have campus ambassadors who are making sure they organize boot camps industry talks panel discussions and also certification programs And one of the amazing thing what we did is we Aligned our The blockchain certification programs Certification programs aligned with the nature national skill framework under nascom future skills And half of the fee will be reimbursed by the government Ministry of Education. So that is an amazing opportunity for the students who are Part of our academic partners under Bharat blockchain network and we also Soon launching Bharat blockchain launchpad where all these upskilled students once they come out under the mentoring of our ideas team and other industry partners. They'll be participating in certain code challenges and build applications for this blockchain launchpad So next July or August that is where we are organizing this Bharat blockchain day where the network The DID and the applications all of these will be showcased to the ecosystem to attract more and more participation in this ecosystem. So that's all from my side and now the floor is open for questions. Thank you. That was excellent. Thank you, Arvind that that that's great. So we do have a few questions. If you can look at the Q&A if people want to start answering the questions or raise their hands. We do that. Do you want me to go to the questions. So I said, yeah, so can the API is developed be used by us now. Okay, so so basically now we are working on the identity management side of it. All the most of the smart contracts around the application use case as I mentioned are under development. So please keep in touch. I'll be just putting up my email ID and let us know on what context or what are the kind of applications for which you want to use the APS and once they are ready will be happy to collaborate with you because we want more and more people to start building applications on top of it. And we are working on a project on identity management. Okay. Can you suggest what blockchain network to use? Oh, okay. So I think it purely depends on the use case, but if you look only identity management then Hyperledger has Hyperledger Indy, which is an amazing framework which is exclusively designed for identity use cases. So if at all your use case revolves only around identity management I think Hyperledger Indy. But if at all along with identity management you have certain block I mean applications also to be built on top of it then Hyperledger Fabric is another amazing framework on which you can build. So I think you can connect with me offline. Definitely I can go through your use case and suggest a better one. And Gaurav, so what are the partnership opportunities for other blockchain developers? So basically we are soon coming up with the SDK and API libraries. So once they are published blockchain developer community can start building certain applications and publish their app on our D App Store. So if at all our academic institutions are happy or feel they want to use them they will use and they will pay. And if you are a blockchain developer and who wants to contribute to the development of our blockchain network please write to us. We are happy to involve you as a contributor and we can discuss further. And as I understand it's like your platform for students and does it have something for professionals who would like to learn on blockchain. So for working professionals at this point of time the course we have on NASCOM future skills that is also eligible for working professionals. So all the working professionals who want to do our certification programs if you are an Indian national you get 50% of the fee reimbursed by Ministry of Education post completion of the program. So we have I mean yeah so you have my email ID please write to us and I'll pass it on to our sales team to follow up. So in your endpoint there was a mobile usually doesn't work on mobile yet at production grade. Is there any major architecture changes. Okay so see basically say for certificate verification or certificate background verification or skill badges. So for certain use cases only for the verifier we are building the app and the app will have a certain functionality to scan the QR and query certain data points from the network. So we are not building any endpoint or application leveraging the network functionalities it's only a querying certain data points and all. Can I work on this project and how. So I feel comfortable to share your profile to my mail ID and and another important point is we are using MetaMask or trust valid the basic I mean the functionality. So the RCA presence so basically whatever mobile apps right so we are we are making sure this who basically supports MetaMask and external third party valid so the valid functionality is something what we are looking to integrate into the mobile app. And Akash please share your profile and we'll be happy to involve you in the project is this network restricted to Indian universities and education bodies. So yes at this point of time yes we are we are restricting to India Indian Academy but we are also now working with Dubai Academy like we have some academic partners with whom we signed up recently and we are trying to mimic the same concept of what we are doing in India in Dubai. So we are we are bringing certain because again the governance and the who can be part of the consortium is something which we want to make sure again do not cross the boundaries of the country. So that is where we are making sure these consortiums are I mean country specific. Okay. And can you give us a quick roadmap of getting started with hyperager fabric. Okay. So I didn't understand how this is in the context but our network is built on. I mean hyperledger basu and bevel we are leveraging basu and bevel. This is not being built on a fabric. Okay. But if it is a very general question. One of the first thing to do is you can actually go to hyperledger fabric official documentation provided by hyperledger foundation and you can you can actually set up some sample networks because hyperledger frameworks are open source and there is no license fee as such. So you can download them free of cost and set up a network and start building on top of it. So that is a getting started. So you start building some basic blockchain applications on sample hyperledger fabric documentation. Okay. I think we'll come to the end of those questions right. That was a lot of questions in a very short period of time right so. Hyperledger could be hosted on AWS cloud. Yes. Yes, why not. It supports multi cloud indeed. So you can leverage multi cloud like one node on AWS one node on Azure one node on Prem. So hyperledger pretty much supports multi cloud deployments. And when you build react native apps for Android and all. You can actually bring app support to the network. Okay. And I think for the mobile app support there is also one framework hyperledger Iroha right Julian hyperledger Iroha right it really has some support for apps as well like. Yes, it runs the CBDC in the case for a right. Okay, I think I have a few questions for you as well. Yeah, yeah, definitely why not. So guys, please keep in folks keep more questions coming in. Okay, maybe you want to ask say is one. Do you think people can shift to using MetaMask. That's in terms of the wallet right. Yes. Yeah. So so see coming to MetaMask. Basically hyperledger Besu is also a EVM compatible network right so with. So once you deploy the Besu network, you get a network chain ID, and you can connect your MetaMask to this network and start using so that is how we are bringing. Valid or non custodian valid to hold BB and utility coins and attach this DID to a valid as well. So that is how we are designing this. Okay, so yeah please please keep them coming the questions in I think we've got an enormous amount of questions very quickly which is great. So I thought maybe on a broader kind of because you have another role actually within within hyperledger you are the co-chair of the government risk and compliance right. So maybe you could talk a little bit about that and also talk a little bit about how what were the challenges with governance because obviously we have technical issues but what do you see the governance issues and lessons learned so far with what you're doing. Yeah, so I think I think in terms of GRC. My other co-chair is coming from metric stream one of the leaders in GRC space. So we have actually moderated various meetings, the SIG meetings, where we get to understand some of the use cases for GRC because ESG is also something which is actually catching up. So one of the key challenges with respect to the governance is how do we bring a common level playing field for all the ecosystem players, right. See because if you look at enterprise blockchains, it's all consortium but we saw failures of big big consortiums because of the stakeholder clashes, right. Having a common ground of understanding a common ground of interest and voting power, right proportional to their contribution. So predominantly most of the consortiums are led by the dominant players in the ecosystem and driving the consortium based on what they think is best is one of the biggest problem of governments. Okay, so taking the consensus, not just on the network layer, right. The consensus is the common agreement which should happen between the ecosystem players with respect to the application and the roadmap and what kind of applications to bring in and what is ROI for all these stakeholders to maintain notes in the network. I think the well these are defined and the expectations are clearly set government governance becomes a smooth cakewalk, but that is where the real challenges are. And second thing is not all the stakeholders have the bigger picture, right. So everyone is always interested on what is in there for me as an organization, right, not as a ecosystem, because it may take some time for the whole ecosystem to come on to common ground and then you see benefit but till that time, you need to invest in and participate because you anticipate there is something coming in, but if this time gap is longer, I think that's a risk, right. So, so in GRC second component is risk, it's, it's technology risk interoperability risk, right. So how interoperable your legacy systems. Now one of the biggest problem with this consortium is also not all these enterprises who participate in the consortium use same business processes, or they don't use same applications for their internal operations. Now how do you standardize that who takes the responsibility to define the standards for the whole ecosystem. And how do you make sure this network is interoperable with the legacy systems, this is also certain risk parameters where in spite of the consortium in place, still if some of the stakeholders are not part of the network. All your existing inefficient processes, you need to still do it, right. So I think the critical mass. The consortium should have a minimum viable ecosystem and a critical mass and to get that tipping point. So, how do you make sure that tipping point is achieved, that is another risk parameter, which should be taken care by the consortium heads. Coming to compliance, I think today see compliance is of two phases. One, something because regulator is asking you to do it, or because you want to do it so that your end consumers can see a brand perception, right. So unless until there is demand from the end consumers or push from the regulators compliance is always a continuously evolving thing, right. For some of the stakeholders, it is the self interest and it is to set the benchmarks for whatever they are doing, but for some organizations it's a overhead, it's an operational overhead. So now the moment you bring consortiums, unless until everyone follows certain compliance common compliance standards it will be very tough to implement blockchain networks. So I think these are certain pain points, which I have come across as part of various meetings I did under GRC. Okay, great. And then everyone's welcome to join the and we'll give I'll put a link underneath this one as a YouTube video to go to the GRC right and you can also get there through the discord right. So, let's go back to these questions, I mean, I'd also like to maybe relate to that governance how that relates to what you're doing because it sounds like you do have a tipping point here. Yes, yes, that's kind of set in right and you're kind of, you're creating success points of success, which you understand, which need to be there right so that that that's that's that's very interesting. That's why we are making sure there is enough, enough academia to in place, before opening up the marketplace right see without user base why will industry participate in it right. So that's why we are focusing on supply side, rather than the demand side up I mean upfront, because we want to get that tipping point right before we open that up. So that is the lessons we learned from our past which we are applying seriously, because people do other way around. Right, building the applications and then reaching out penetrating into market which predominantly failed especially in blockchain because blockchain by default is a consortium right. So, for each one of the industry player to set up to bring a to form a consortium for one single application is a nightmare. Now I know some companies in India who are working on certificate issuance. So that's one use case for academia right, but for one use case if they want to bring all academia together and ask them to maintain notes. I think that's not a, there is no enough margin, marginal value proposition to maintain a note for that. Right, so that is where still the public blockchains are leading than certain enterprise blockchain use cases. So I think that is where we are bridging the gap. Yeah, with a hybrid model, that's great. Yes, I think you're right so you can add different applications right with the same user base all the universities and all those different applications you talked about right, which I think is great. Let's go back to the we're now going to a bunch more questions. Do you want to go through some of these and please continue asking questions. Using metamask. So, so again, see metamask are the web three user experience is something which is very clumsy. So we are collaborating with some next generation wallets, which have a mix of web two and web three. Okay, so in the back end it's pretty much metamask or the public private key pair traditionally managed by the valid services of the network. But on the front end, the DID is making sure their login access is still a username password or email driven. So we are we are mixing web two and web three and making it web 2.5. So that is our approach so that there can be a seamless user onboarding for most of the applications we build. Okay, so only for the meta meta I mean that educational metaverse we are building to own certain NFTs the 3D assets in that space and the university is holding the land parcel of the metaverse as a NFT only if they're, I think this critical valid functionalities are coming up, but for most of the applications is pretty much traditional user experiences what we are building. Okay, so I actually read out these questions right. So the next one is what role consistent integrators play in this network, typically Indian. So how should for you pickable for them to join the network to contribute as members or partners is there a plan to place and leverage existing DID and verify credential solutions that the partner may develop and offer. Yes, yes, so that is, that is expectation right so as I told you, once we have the DID and identity done, we are expecting over 500 5 million profiles of students coming on to the network. And once these profiles are there, it's not only certificates, it's not only skill badges, but the background verification is one use case we are looking at, and also the profile their interest profile. So what kind of activities they are doing in the metaverse, what kind of brands they like. So, so we are we are not just building an academic profile, rather a verifiable LinkedIn is what we are seriously looking to create. Right, so today if you if you carefully observe a LinkedIn profile right so whatever you they put is pretty much what is there and only you have certain credential providers. Where you can go to click a link and verify that, but now we are bringing student profile so while they are in academia itself they have a verifiable profile. It has a significant amount of information. So we are also bringing certain social graphs in terms of what kind of networking they do and certain use cases. So I think the industry players can start using the network in the coming quarter predominantly by 2023. 23 first quarter is where we are seeing to open up the network for industry to start building certain applications, and there is no membership fee as such at this point of time. It's more of a contribution to deploy application and keep the ball rolling. For academia we are bringing certain memberships, but for industry players for every execution on Besu network you need to have certain BBN coins. So the utility coins is what you will be purchasing to run your application. So that's the only thing which you will be procuring. And they are not tradable basically. No speculative activity with those BBN coins. It's purely utility coins. And is there a plan in place to leverage existing DID and verifiable credential solutions? Yes, subjective. So we already spoke to certain companies who are already in DID space, but what we understood, what we quickly realized is they are also coming up with one more layer of cost. So that is where we felt, again, we don't want to put certain basic functionalities of the network to be again additionally charged. So that is why we are building in-house. Otherwise, our initial plan was to collaborate with some companies and bring their DID solution and put on top of the network. But we don't want to make them a cost-driven. So I hope you got the answer, Umashankar. And is this an initiative, private backed by AICT, a government initiative supported by ideas? So, see, coming to AICT and Ministry of Higher Education at this point of time, they are only supporting us in terms of marketing this, pushing this to academia and also supporting us with some applications they need for national interest to be built on top of this. So, eventually, as some of their applications go into production, that is where some of the grants is what we are going to leverage. Otherwise, it's fully funded by ideas and supported by AICT. And use of a private blockchain is basically decentralized inside the association. It's not inside the association, it inside the closed group of stakeholders. So it's all academic institutions. So if you think with respect to general public in distributed manner, what do you think about that? See, of course, public blockchains have a broader degree of decentralization, obviously, but because certificate, so see some of the use cases, if you look at the use cases we have picked up, they can't be anonymous. A university certificate can't be issued by an anonymous valid, obviously. It should be by a permissioned organization, a verification or a student transfer or some document management to be shared with accreditation bodies. So, all the use cases what we are looking predominantly are academic use cases, which are meant for permissioned use cases. So, I think in that context, more than public blockchain, private blockchain is sensible because the volumes of transactions on this network with all more and more academic institutions coming in will be huge. So, by having a own network, all these academic institutions need not pay to some public blockchains which are slower and also which are costlier for the volumes of transactions they are dealing with. So, in that context, the academic institutions will have an edge eventually to not to depend on public blockchains for most of their use cases, rather they can use their network infrastructure for that. So, that is how we are envisioning. And is there any academy regulatory body participation? What is their expected role? So, regulatory bodies only maintain nodes predominantly and maintain the ledger and if they want to track and trace or if they want to make sure everything is going good, they are just maintaining the ledger at this point of time. So, eventually also they will maintain the node and only for any submissions for any data verification or data reviews. So, they just maintain the node query it through their dashboards. So, it's more of a query. And for government ski owners, they can deploy certain smart contracts. Even regulatory bodies also if they have some applications in mind they can deploy smart contracts and launch an application for the academy to use. Can we get the presentation deck post this webinar? Yeah, we will be sharing it for some of the slides. Yeah, some of the slides may get truncated but anyways you have the recording. So, it's okay. So, anyways this information can be shared, no problem. And in recent research, Ethereum introduced the concept of soulbound tokens. Okay. Anything similar in Hyperledger? See, Hyperledger is basically an blockchain framework with which you can create your own networks. Okay. So, it supports the concept of NFT. If you take Hyperledger Besu, it supports the concept of NFT like ERC721, 1155, standards and all. But the soulbound tokens is something which is by public blockchains, not permission blockchains. Because that is meant for more public use cases. But most of the Hyperledger projects are enterprise use cases and meant for very specific user groups. So, if you want to design something, you can but the trust is as good as the validator network of the consortium who is driving it. Right.  Who knows. So, public blockchains are trusted more because they are less likely to go off if the public, if the size of the network is big. But if you take permission blockchains, its use cases are different. So I think for some use cases don't compare public blockchains and permission blockchains, it doesn't make any sense. I think we're going to have to start to wrap here now. Right. Thank you. There are a lot of questions. Arvind, that was a great presentation. I think we just a lot of questions. Right. I think a lot of people generally asking how they can get involved. Right. So I think I shared my email ID. So let me host and panelist. I hope everyone got my email ID. So just write to me and we are happy to involve. See we are in Web 3. We believe in the spirit of collaboration. So anyone who is willing to contribute in whatever way possible, relevant, we will involve. So please write what exactly you want to contribute and your profiles and we'll be happy to involve you. And you can always get on on. So I'll leave this for a second so you can scan it even got the QR code there. You can get into discord. I think you're on discord as well. Right. So people can access get to you on discord as well, which is where our community meets. So please do please do join that. And yeah, Arvind, thank you. That was excellent, excellent overview of, you know, the question I was going to ask you what do you think it's going to look like in five years time or maybe we don't have time maybe that's the next webinar. Yes. So so see we are pivoting indeed on multiple scenarios we are still pivoting and for certain use cases. We are, we are very clear on what we are working on, but for certain things, we are still having an outlook only. So, but at the end of the day we are making sure the interest of the stakeholders is taken care without compromising on the intent of this network consortium. So, yeah, that is how I mean that is the only torch. We have now, because there is no see this kind of network being built anywhere. So I think we are attempting it. And this is definitely a pioneering effort I would say. So let's see how it goes. Excellent. Excellent. And obviously, obviously open to ideas and collaboration that's that's that's what we're all looking for. So thank you for that. And just a quick pitch for our next webinar which is going to be on the next year. So this is the final one of the year right we're starting off in with the next generation blockchain consortium which is by GSBN. And we're looking at confidential computing consortium so that's going to be a real, real interesting one and please register for that. And a final thank you, Arvind. Thank you everyone for listening and everyone take care and please look after yourselves and get involved. Take care. Thank you. Thanks Julian for hosting us at midnight. So I know it's 12 now at your place. So thanks thanks for you for hosting us. It's a pleasure. This is definitely worth staying up to midnight for. Thank you. All right, take care everybody. Thank you. Bye.


So this is just a quickie between longer videos.  It's been very different 40 years ago But we have evolved and progressed since then and women became equal to men even in this unfortunate arena But when it comes to this kind of behavior Asking your intimate partner or Encouraging your intimate partner to have sex with others the Most of the noses is who do this. They are actually men very few women narcissists do this Now the victims often misinterpret the narcissists encouragement as his wish or his command They seek to gratify the narcissists by acquiescing To please the narcissist to make him happy to preserve the couple To introduce some spice into a dying Relationship sexually at least So victims collude and collaborate in this dance macabre Although this is usually based on a total misinterpretation of the narcissist's Motivations for this kind of exceedingly rare and bizarre behavior. I mean, I don't know of many guys who would do this and It's it's it's strange Now some of you might say it's not stranger to it's at all. It's kakaldry Kakaldry is a fetish.   This is kakaldry Kakaldry, as I said, is a fetish. It's a form of masochism. The kakald derives pleasure from being humiliated In his book masochism and the self Roy bow bowmeister a prominent psychologist advanced a self-theory Analysis he said that kakaldry is a form of escaping from self-awareness self-awareness becomes intolerable and Burdensome there's a perception self-perception of inadequacy a bed object. I'm unworthy.    Etc. Etc. So the masochism it's like a pain that takes your mind away it's a form of self-harming self-harming is very common in borderline personality disorder and Bowmeister says it brings attention away from the self which is desirable in times of guilt anxiety or Insecurity or when self-awareness is unpleasant immediately you can see that this does not apply to narcissists Even covert narcissists rarely experience guilt or shame Consciously they rarely do this and so narcissists who encourage their partners to Have sex with other people are not in the vast majority of cases are not kakalds. They are not masochists To characterize them as kakalds and masochists is to misunderstand Narcissism profoundly Narcissism is a defense Against shame. It's a repression of these emotions. It's an obliteration of the bed object via Compensatory grandiosity Kakaldry is exactly the opposite. It's getting in touch with the shame. It's experiencing humiliation Seeking modification. That's not narcissists. So why do narcissists behave exactly as kakalds do? Number one betrayal fantasy the betrayal fantasy is a very crucial element in The devaluation discard part of the narcissistic cycle of relationship The narcissist needs to devalue the partner and discard the partner by shifting the blame The narcissists would encourage his partner to betray him to cheat on him so that he can feel blameless and guiltless when devaluing and discarding her I have a video dedicated to betrayal fantasy It's titled how narcissists betrays you to become himself and that sums it up the narcissists Encourages you to misbehave to betray him and to cheat on him so that he can with good conscience dump you and Dumping is the symbolic representation of separation individuation The unresolved Stage of phase in early childhood development with his original mother You are a maternal object and he needs to get rid of you in order to reenact the early conflict with his mother The best way to do this is if you were to cheat on him with someone else Then he would feel utterly utterly exonerated and utterly justified in telling you Goodbye So this is the first and major reason second one loyalty test The narcissists converts you into a maternal figure and expects expects you to accept him To embrace him and to love him unconditionally as a mother would But how how can the narcissists trust you?   So it's a loyalty test Next it's a dare Especially if you're prone to triangulation if you're the narcissist intimate partner and the only way to get a rise out of him is To triangulate with other people the narcissist would dare you The narcissist remember is defined the narcissist is reckless.  I couldn't care less about you. It's a power play.  He wants to feel validated. He wants to feel that he is right. It's not just Deluding himself or hallucinating. So when you go away with another man and sleep with him You will have validated and confirmed and affirmed and Patrice the narcissist view of you as a representative of your gender End of the other sex generally speaking and finally there is sadism Sadism is when the narcissist seeks to defile the partner to humiliate her to degrade her By witnessing her debauchery and self-prostitution that this applies to women as well I will reiterate the sentence from the female narcissist point of view The narcissist seeks to defile the partner by witnessing his Debauchery and self-prostitution and promiscuity. So it's a form of sadism Encouraging you to sleep with someone else It's a narcissist way of hurting you of telling you you mean nothing to me. You're dispensable. You're interchangeable I want to get rid of you. I want your gun And so it's very hurtful very painful It is the narcissist's way of reasserting control over a situation that is clearly out of control over a relationship that is going downhill and Accelerating and can no longer be managed. It's not manageable. So what the narcissist does he legitimizes he consents to his partner's misbehavior thereby Saying I'm actually complicit and privy to this. It's done with my permission and my consent I'm in charge. I'm in control. Everything is okay. My grandiosity is intact I am still omnipotent. Of course, it is self deception the partner is liable to misbehave in Ways, which are unique to herself. She is not being manipulated or controlled by the narcissist She's not being told why to what to do. She's not being coerced. She is just reactive To the environment toxic environment that the narcissist had created and so When the partner finds himself finds herself on the path to this kind of Solutions to the intractable painful relationship. She no longer Recognizes herself. She is estranged. She is disoriented and this Causes in her behaviors Which are alien to her nature, but this is not induced by the narcissist This is the partner's reaction to the narcissist The psychodynamic is totally endogenous, totally internal, not external Later on the partner may regret what she had done and may reframe the entire experience as if she were coerced by the narcissist. The narcissist made her do it This is of course an alloplastic defense, but the truth is The narcissist creates a shared fantasy. The shared fantasy is onerous and difficult and harrowing and painful and The partner who is somewhat Disregulated, somewhat damaged, somewhat broken, somewhat sensitive, somewhat susceptible falls apart disintegrates and then Dynamics and processes inside herself cause her to act in ways which shame her and Make her feel guilty and she doesn't know how to cope with these devastating debilitating emotions. So she comes up with the narrative where she has been a hapless victim, a passive object subject to manipulation and lacking any will power. That is of course expressly untrue and it's a form of splitting. I'm all bad, the narcissist I'm all good. The narcissist is all bad.  There's a misconception here. In none of the things that I've described is their coercion. The narcissist does not coerce his intimate partner to have sex with others. The narcissist doesn't pimp his intimate partner. The narcissist doesn't run a ring, a sex ring and this is not human trafficking. The narcissist simply goes with the flow. If the intimate partner triangulates, he encourages her to carry it to the end. If the intimate partner seems to be unhappy, he then suggests to her to have sex with others. He baits her by introducing her to others and by leaving her alone with other men, for example, baiting her. He dares her. There's a power play and so on and so forth. It's much more subtle and nuanced and intricate than coercion. There's no coercion involved. There's a communication of expectations. There's a lot of hurt and pain in both parties. There is a power play. I think that's the most dominant feature. There's a power play involved. There is mutual testing. You know, how far will you go? Are you willing to hurt me? So these are very sick and dysfunctional dynamics and they involve both the narcissist and his victim. This is not exclusive to the narcissist. And yet this is not coercive. There's no coercion. And this is why the victim, having cheated on the narcissist, having been unfaithful, is devastated because she realizes that it has been her choice. She chose to do so and she doesn't understand herself. She feels that she has acted in a way that is alien to her. She feels estranged. She feels that she is not herself. But this is not the outcome of coercion. It's the outcome of sick pathological dynamics, patho etiology, as we call it. These dynamics can induce atypical behaviors in people involved in the couple. And that is true both for the narcissist and for the victim. Even the narcissist may engage in atypical behaviors. Boundaries are broken. Rules are ignored. New behaviors emerge. There's imitation and emulation and modeling. There is merger, infusion. All these dynamics cause the victim to behave narcissistically because cheating on someone else, being unfaithful, going outside the remit of the vows one makes, breaching exclusivity agreed upon, these are all narcissistic behaviors. And it is the victim who engages in them.


Greetings and welcome to the Introduction to Astronomy. In this week's Misconception in Astronomy, we are going to look at stars, and especially stars in constellations, and find out if they are really close together in space or not. So let's take a look at this, and are stars in constellations close together in space, and the answer is very emphatically no. Stars are actually at widely varying distances. So when we look at something like the constellation of Ursa Major, some of these, we see in the image here, some of these stars are close together in space, and in fact most of the stars within the dipper itself are relatively close together. However, you can find other objects there within that constellation, and even parts of those parts of the constellation itself, that are widely varying. What is a constellation? It is defined to be a very specific region of the sky, and these were set by the International Astronomical Union nearly a hundred years ago. They are two-dimensional, not three. So a constellation would not look the same from other parts of the galaxy. If you were to travel out hundreds or thousands of light-years, you might pass some stars in a constellation, and you might not pass others. Stars could be on multiple different sides, and you would see a completely different view. Now that doesn't affect us here in the solar system, because we can't travel far enough. You would need to be going hundreds of light-years away. Now let's look at a couple of examples of this to get a better idea of what we mean. So let's first look at the constellation of Orion. Now in the constellation of Orion, we have several bright stars, including the star Betelgeuse, which is the bright red star up to the upper left, and then we have the star Rigel, which is to the lower right here, and then we have the star Altenac, which is the star in the edge of the belt. Now these are at various different distances from each other. They are not at the same distance. And in fact Betelgeuse is about 550 light-years away. Rigel is 800 over 800 light-years away, and Altenac is actually over a thousand light-years away, twice the distance of Betelgeuse. So when we look at those there, we can see them together in the sky. They look like they are all together. But if you were to travel out, say 800 light-years toward Rigel, then one of the star's Betelgeuse would be on one side of the sky, and Altenac would be on the other side of the sky. You wouldn't have reached that yet, but you would have passed Betelgeuse. So if you traveled out in the direction of Orion, that would be one example here. Let's look at one more just to clarify this, and let's look in this case at the constellation of Cygnus the Swan. And we're just going to look at two stars here specifically. And which ones are we looking at? Well, we are going to look at the stars Denib and Delta Cygni. Now let's take a look. Where are these located in the constellation? Well, Denib is labeled here for you, and Denib is right here. And Denib is over 2,500 light-years away. Delta Cygni is actually not labeled, but is this star right here. Now what is that? Delta Cygni is only 100, 165 light-years away. So these two stars, even though they're very close to each other in the sky, and very close within the same constellation, not appearing very far apart, are at vastly greater distances. Denib is more easily more than 10 times more distant than Delta Cygni. So when we look at a constellation, we have to consider that the stars are really at widely varying distances. So let's summarize what we've looked at here. What is a constellation? Well, a constellation is a grouping of stars in the sky. They are not necessarily related to one another. They may not be together in space. And that stars in that same constellation can be located at widely varying distances from each other. So that concludes this misconception in astronomy on the stars in a constellation being close together. We'll be back again next time for another topic in astronomy. So until then, have a great day, everyone. And I will see you in class.


So, I don't get to say this very often, but we actually have some surprisingly good news out of Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court has ruled that employers can no longer discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Now, with the conservative majority, with Kennedy being gone, I wasn't necessarily sure how they would hold on this particular case that we're going to talk about, but I wasn't very optimistic, to be honest. I kind of thought that they would err on the side of taking us backwards. So, this really is big news. So, for more details on this, we go to Mark Sherman of AP, who reports the Supreme Court ruled Monday that a landmark civil rights law protects gay, lesbian and transgender people from discrimination in employment, a resounding victory for LGBT rights from a conservative court. The court decided by a six to three vote that a key provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, known as Title VII, that bars job discrimination because of sex, among other reasons, encompasses bias against LGBT workers. An employer who fires an individual for being homosexual or transgender fires that person for traits or actions it would not have questioned in members of a different sex, Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote for the court. Sex plays a necessary and undistinguishable role in the decision, exactly what Title VII forbids. Justices Samuel Alito, Brett Kavanaugh and Clarence Thomas dissented. Quote, the court tries to convince readers that it is merely enforcing the terms of the statute, but that is preposterous Alito wrote in the dissent.  Kavanaugh wrote in a separate dissent that the court was rewriting the law to include gender identity and sexual orientation, a job that belongs to Congress. Still, Kavanaugh said the decision represents an important victory achieved today by gay and lesbian Americans. The outcome is expected to have a big impact for the estimated 8.1 million LGBT workers across the country because most states don't protect them from workplace discrimination. An estimated 11.3 million LGBT people live in the US according to the Williams Institute at the UCLA Law School, but Monday's decision is not likely to be the court's last word on a host of issues revolving around LGBT rights, Gorsuch noted. Lawsuits are pending over transgender athletes' participation in school sporting events, and courts also are dealing with cases about sex-segregated bathrooms and locker rooms, a subject that the justices seemed concerned about during arguments in October. Employers who have religious objections to employing LGBT people also might be able to raise those claims in a different case, Gorsuch said. So, you know, this is a good decision. I obviously agree with their holding, but I am surprised that it was Gorsuch who wrote the majority opinion. You know, maybe he and Roberts are just trying to ease the blow as they, you know, strip away worker rights in other areas, but I mean, look, I'll take a win where I can get this is good news. And I absolutely am cautiously optimistic because even if they made the correct decision here, even if this kind of gives us an indication as to where this conservative court will go with regard to LGBTQ rights and maybe other social issues, you know, the other cases, I still am worried that they could side with the bigots, quite frankly. You know, when it comes to religious objections to hiring LGBTQ people, where are they going to err? Which side will they be on? Now, this tells us that they might take, you know, the correct side of history, or at least maybe there's a glimmer of hope, but I just don't know.  I mean, it should be a no brainer. But with the conservative majority on this court, we do have to be very cautiously optimistic. Having said that Trump, after just attempting to gut LGBTQ rights when it comes to health care, was asked to respond and he straddled that fence hard when he was talking about this decision. Go ahead, please. Did you react to the Supreme Court decisions earlier today about LGBT discrimination saying that is protected and under the Civil Rights Act? No, they've ruled. I've read the decision and some people were surprised, but they've ruled and we live with their decision. That's what it's all about. We live with the decision of the Supreme Court. Very powerful. Very powerful decision, actually. But they have so ruled. They have so ruled. Very powerful stuff, Mr. President. Very powerful. Thank you so much. Very eloquent. So look, here's the thing. Donald Trump is against LGBTQ rights. He's proven that time and again throughout the course of his administration. But the thing is that since one of the justices that he appointed has ruled in favor of LGBTQ rights, he's really cautious here because he doesn't want his voters to realize that he appointed someone who's doing the opposite of what he thought he'd do. This is a bad look. It maybe shows that Trump's judgment in selecting Gorsuch was flawed. But also, he doesn't necessarily know how this is going to pull with voters because even though people are still very much homophobic, I think that these types of discriminatory practices are becoming less popular as time goes on. So this is a political move for him. Everything he says is calculated even if he doesn't want us to believe that. And with his poll numbers down because of his fumbling of COVID-19, because of the way that he's responded to protesters, I mean, he has to be careful with his words because he doesn't want to say anything that will upset even more people. Now, there were other cases that the Supreme Court ruled on and we learned about their decisions today. Another good thing that happened surprisingly is that the Supreme Court has chosen to not take up a case related to sanctuary cities. Now, Donald Trump wanted them to hear an appeal from rulings of lower courts that held that California can actually prohibit police departments from notifying ICE when undocumented immigrants are released from jails. But, you know, the Supreme Court said we're not going to hear it. So the lower court's ruling is automatically what will be the law of the land. So this is also a win in that regard. Although there aren't all wins today because there was this ruling, as Scotus blog tweeted out, Scotus reverses decision by Fourth Circuit Court upholds permit for $8 billion natural gas pipeline that will tunnel under Appalachian Trail. And as Eric Renner Brown points out, Ruth Bader Ginsburg actually ruled with the conservative majority in this 7-2 decision. So there's that. Yasqueen, anyone? No? Yeah, I didn't think so. So look, here's the thing. I'm going to take this win where we can get this win. And for those of you who are inclined to dismiss this, this really is important. I know firsthand as an LGBTQ American that this really is important, my husband at his last job could not come out and tell his pro-Trump bosses that he had a husband because they were very vocally homophobic, right? Now, in Oregon, we're protected under state law from discrimination.  But, you know, that doesn't necessarily mean that we don't have to worry because they can fire you for some other bogus reason. And even if the underlying reason why they're firing you is for homophobia, they can just say, well, you didn't do this job properly or whatever. So we're going to let you go. What an actuality we may know because of what they said this is due to homophobia, but you can't prove that, right? So, you know, the federal law isn't going to completely change the game. There are a lot of states that already had these types of protections for LGBTQ plus workers. But the federal law will hopefully add more weight to state laws and change culture because I think that's what's really important. I think that public opinion for gay rights, it was moved in a more positive direction once the Supreme Court ruled that marriage equality is the law of the land. I mean, they can't make laws, but they said you can't discriminate. So this is important. I hope that we are making some progress in this area. But I mean, one step forward, two steps back, right? We make some progress with regard to LGBTQ rights, but we undo something that was positive for the environment, you know, the permit for the pipeline, right?  So, you know, this is a constant battle. The thing about civil rights and even civil liberties is that you never just win, right? You're never victorious and then you can sit back and stop fighting. This is a constant ongoing battle. And when you make progress in some areas, you're going to lose progress, right? The Voting Rights Act was gutted in 2013 when that was a landmark achievement of the civil rights era. So you're always needing to fight.  But with that being said, this is really good news and I don't want to detract from this good news because we need good news desperately so more than ever in 2020. So I'm going to take this victory. This is great. I didn't think I'd be saying this, but good job, Supreme Court. It feels weird saying that, honestly.