So, an important branch of mathematics is called combinatorics, and it deals with the topic of combinations and permutations. So, let's talk about permutations first, as they're a little bit easier. Suppose I have a couple of choices I want to make. So, for example, I want to choose a movie to see, and then I have to determine what time I want to see it, or maybe I'm ordering an entree, and I have to figure out what the side dish is, or maybe I'm choosing a list of courses, and each course has a couple of different times that it's offered in. So, the starting point of combinatorics is the fundamental counting principle. Suppose I have m ways of making the first choice, and n ways of making the second choice, then I have a total of m times n ways of making the two choices. And a very convenient way of thinking about this is to imagine that each choice corresponds to one entree in some sort of a table. So, going back to the movie and showtime example, I have my choice of movies, and I have my choice of times. And let's say that I have a choice of five movies at the theater, and then I have a choice of, say, three showtimes. So, I have three choices of movies, five choices of times, and the fundamental counting principle says the number of ways I could pick a movie, and a showtime is five times three is equal to fifteen. Now, an important concept is the distinction in mathematics between what is a permutation and what is a combination. The two are very easy to get confused, and it's important to make sure that we know which one we're dealing with. And in general, one way to tell is that if it makes no difference where we record a choice, then what you're dealing with is a combination. On the other hand, if recording a choice in a different place changes the choice that we've made, or in some cases might actually be impossible, then what we're dealing with is a permutation. So, for example, let's consider our movies and showtimes. So, I had my choice of five movies, I had my choice of three times, and I might choose a movie, The Avengers, for example, and I might choose Time, for example, 7.30 p.m. And here's the important thing. Once I've chosen, once I've made my selection and placed it in a spot, there's only one place that that selection can go. It doesn't make sense. If I switch them, there is no movie called 7.30 p.m., and certainly if I try to see the movie 7.30 p.m. at the time, The Avengers, I can't do that. That selection doesn't make any sense. And in this case, it's actually impossible to switch where we record the choice. So, if it's impossible, then what we're dealing with is a permutation. Well, how about those meal combinations? So, for a combination meal, I've chosen three entrees, five sides, and six drinks. And first off are these combinations and how many different meals are actually possible. So, again, our principle here is if I can alter where we write a choice without changing what it is, what we're looking at is a combination, otherwise we're dealing with a permutation. So, let's make a few choices. So, I have my choice for entre, my side, and my drink. So, I have a cheeseburger fries with a coffee. So, to answer the question whether I'm dealing with a permutation or a combination, the thing I want to answer, can I switch where I write down a choice? So, let's actually do that and see what happens. And so, now for my entre, I want fries. For my side, I want coffee. And for my drink, I'll have a cheeseburger. And that doesn't make sense. That's actually not allowed. I can't have a cheeseburger as a drink. I can't have coffee as a side. And I can't have french fries as my entre. So, what we're dealing with is not a combination because it does make a difference. And so, I have a permutation. And so, that means I can apply the fundamental counting principle without really any further comment. So, I have three choices for entre, five choices for sides, and six choices for drinks. And so, the number of meal choices I could make, three times five times six, is going to be 90 different combination meals. Well, they're not combinations, they're actually permutations. So, I have 90 different permutation meals that are possible to have.


What's going on everybody welcome back to another draw preview and we have the Dubai tennis championships It's an ATP 500 event and we don't have the defending champion Novak Djokovic But we do have some big names, but also some big names are pulled out recently So let's go check out the withdrawals. So some of the big names are pulled out of this one We have Baratini the number 10 in the world. He's pulled out Nick Kiraus has also pulled out Monfice He's also out better is out and stand for drinker has also recently pulled out so big names out of this event All right, let's start at the top of the draw This is a big draw and there's a lot of buys in the first round There's gonna be 16 seeds in this event and they all have buys in the first round So Dominic team the top seed he gets a buy in the first round No matter what he's playing a qualifier in the second round because there's two qualities playing each other They may have for Keener versus a qualifier winner That's gonna play number 14 seed Cryanovich in the second round. We have the number 10 seed Chorich already in the second round He'll play either a qualifier or Betonay in the second round Then we got Nishikori versus Opelka, which is a very fun match up winner of that match He's gonna play another counter puncher the number five seed Gophane who's been in some good form recently So keep it on him second quarter of the draw now We got Shapavalov the number three seed getting a buy in the first round He'll play the winner of Strouf or a qualifier in the second round Then we have Gaskay versus Chekinado winner That's gonna play against number 13 seed her catch in the second round the number 19 Diminor again gets a buy in the first round He'll play the winner of Shardi versus Vanoles in the second round now Shardi's been in some form So watch out for him Then we have a battle of the wild card between Poprin who just recently won his first tournament back in Singapore a couple of weeks ago He's playing against Dennis Novak the Austrian winner of that match is gonna play the number eight seed Hashinov Who's been in some good form recently some mixed form recently He pushed Sidney past a couple of weeks ago So maybe keep an eye on him during this tournament Let's go to the third quarter of the draw now the number 17 seed Sonny go buy in the first round He'll play the winner of a qualifier versus Milman in the second round Then we got the wild card Carrotsev and of course the Australian Open semi-finalist He's playing he's playing Jurisimov in the first round winner That's gonna play Dan Evans the number 12 seed in the second round Then we have Sinner the number 16 seed into the second round thanks to a buy He'll play the winner of Nishioca versus Bublek another player who's been in some form Bublek watch out for him And then we already have a second-round matchup confirmed Epton who's played really well last week in Marseille getting to the semi-finals there He'll play the number four seed Batista Ragu who got to the final of Doha last week So already got a second round matchup lined up for this one Alright the bottom quarter of the draw now we have the number six seed Karino Buster buy in the first round He'll play the winner of Pospisul or Fudjavic in the second round Then we got Cesare the wild card versus Joe Woodford Zonga who came back last week to winning his first match in a couple of years So he's feeling good winner of that match is going to play the number 11 seed Lyovic in the second round then we've got another second round matchup already confirmed the number 15 seed Fritz Against Priscilla Svili and these two played last week in Doha So we've got a replay straight away of the semi-finals of Doha last week in the second round Then we've got a qualifier versus Thompson winner of that's going to play against number two seed Rubelev who had a very weird week last week He was supposed to play two matches both will walk over as he made the semi-finals without having to play a match And then he lost in straight sets, but he did win the doubles last week in Doha So he is feeling pretty good. So there it is the Dubai championships not the biggest tournament that we used to having We used to having players like Federer play or Djokovic. We don't have any of the big names We do have a couple of big names though because you do have Dominic team and Rubelev playing same as what they did in Doha There's a lot of buys in the first round, but let me know down in the comments below Who do you think's gonna win this event? It's very wide open for me Just like Doha was last week very wide open and I'm not sure who to pick So this is a tough one for me to pick There's a lot of seeds in this one and a lot of players that are informed this year with titles under their belt But I'm gonna go with Dominic team the number one seed I know that he's probably the easy pick especially after last week Rubelev losing I'm gonna go with team I watched him play against Batista Ragu losing last week and he looked great again Let me know down in the comments below who's winning this event for you So the Dubai championships got some big names and some potential big matches in the later rounds


Welcome to a new week of the rundown. On this episode, the Department of Defense announces the winner of the Fisher Award, changes to the Navy's College Program afloat, and sales continue to provide support to those affected by hurricanes. The Department of Defense named U.S.O. Guam the recipient of the 2016 Zachary & Elizabeth Fisher Award. The award is presented annually to an individual or organization that demonstrates exceptional support for service members and their families. U.S.O. Guam is the Navy's nominee and is being recognized for volunteering over 19,000 hours of support to nearly 48,000 service members. In addition, they have provided a number of food drives, pre-deployment events, and holiday parties for service members and their families. U.S.O. Guam competed against nominees from other branches for the Fisher Award. They will be formally recognized at a ceremony at the Pentagon October 20th. We are a story on Navy.mil for more information. Beginning October 1st, the Navy College Program for Afloat College Education, or NC PACE, were more closely resembled tuition assistance rules. The update sets a max of 16 hours of school credit per fiscal year for both programs with a cap of $250 per semester hour. To remain eligible, players must maintain a grade C or better for undergraduate courses and a B for graduate. NC PACE Distant Learning's self-contained course will be available anytime, anywhere, without the need of a command-sponsored program, providing sailors with more control in pursuing their higher education goals. The update also announced an increase to the number of schools players can choose from to receive college credit. There will be no change to the instructor-led NC PACE program. For more information, read the story on Navy.mil, visit navycollege.navy.mil, or check out the NCP mobile app. Sailors throughout the fleet are continuing to support those affected by hurricanes. Commands and squadrons are providing relief to the citizens of Dominica and surrounding islands impacted by Hurricane Maria. U.S. Northern Command deployed sailors to conduct search and rescue operations and damage assessment flights in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Their efforts help provide disaster relief in support of the command's mission to aid those affected by natural disasters and to minimize suffering while continuing its defense of the U.S. Read more on the story on navy.mil and check out videos of rescue operations on the Navy's YouTube channel. That's all for this week. For any questions, send us a message at usnpeople.fct and navy.mil. For the Chief Naval Personnel, I'm MC2 L.J. Burleson. Thanks for watching.


Hi, everybody. Joe for Jaspeyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2022 Panini Immaculate Baseball, eight box picker team number 11. There it is right here. Thanks everyone for getting in. Big thanks to this group for making it happen.  Got some quadruple last bottom mojo right there thanks to Chad. And we pulled the remaining teams out to create a random number block. Right there, so there are the results there. We did that in a different video. So Travis, you're eligible for any redemptions for these teams right here, including one-of-one redemptions. Josh, you'll still get any live one-of-ones that pop for these teams right here. Let's keep this list over here. And it's a full eight box case break. Let's pop this baby open, let's go. That's right, Exxon, that's right. You are in the energy capital of the world. One of the energy capitals of the world. Definitely United States. A lot of black gold out there. Ol. A lot of ol out there. That's how they say it, right? You need someone from, someone from, where was she from? I think she was from like Amarillo or something like that. Born and raised. And she had all the, I think she had moved to California at some point in her teenage hood or whatever. She kind of shed most of her Texan accent except for oil. She would say ol. Well, with ol prices. Ol? Ol prices? Yeah, ol. Oil. Casey Meyes, 11 out of 25, piece of the jersey for the T-grays. That's gonna be for Ray and the Tigers. People will come, Ray. People will come. Mike Piazza, Johnny Bench. Two great catchers right there. That is two out of 15. Nice low number, too. Reds. D.Y. Dodgers. Chad. That's a randomizer. One happy person, one sad person. Oh yeah? After 10 years, has y'all crept into your vocabulary, Josh? We got a two out of six, Romy Gonzalez. Two out of six, that's the eyelid of a hat. And silver ink autograph right on the eye black, which is really nice as well. That's for the Chicago White Sox. That's a number block team, so that'll go to White Sox, too. It's for the X-Line. Our redemption. Walker Bueller. Walker, Texas Ranger Bueller, clearly immaculate signatures, red. Red, what's red number two? To 99, maybe? To cardboardconnection.com, let's pull up the immaculate baseball checklist. Let's go to set checklist. Let's go to clearly immaculate material signatures. Clearly immaculate signatures, red. It says to 49 or less. Yeah, to four, well, although Bueller on the checklist, according to cardboardconnection.com, is already 49, so this might be less. Dodgers, chat with the Dodgers. Get well soon, Walker Bueller. There's Camilo DeVal, 48 out of 99. Well, he did get Tommy John, Rex. So maybe he's just not in the mood for using that arm just yet. Come on, Rex. There's Camilo DeVal for the Giant. Giant's our number block team. To eight, Havana, ooh na na. That goes to Josh X-Line with the number eight and the Crohn's Own. Jake Croninworth, 37 out of 49. It's Ariana Daniel with the Padres. You're in the Crohn's Own. All right, next box. Get into the Crohn's Own. If you pull that arm, learn how to use your feet, Rex says. No excuse. Yeah, well, then you'll complain that he used his feet into the autograph, it's terrible. Everyone, the bar always moves. Bar always, always moving the bar. Next box. We got Jackson Kowar, 11 out of 25. Royals are a random number block team. So that goes to Kansas City One. That's for the X-Line. We got Cool Papa Belle and Mule Suttles. Legends. Now this actually is not the cardinal since the Negro League team, St. Louis Stars. So this will be a randomizer. So we'll randomize it somewhere in the break. Now we'll randomize the team list. And so if the team list ends up on a number block team, then it will just go to number seven. So we'll set that aside over here. All right, Curtis Terry for the Rangers, 24 out of 99. Nice color in the patch. Nice autograph. Kevin, we got for the Cubs. Caleb Killian, 83 out of 99. A little bit of the Cubs pinstribe in there. It's for Rex. Got the Cubs straight up, thanks Rex. On the board. All right, Joe, when it's Dodgers, V-Carnals and NLCS, what's the bet? Let's wait until that happens. I don't wanna start counting chickens right now. Tempt of fate. 19 out of 40, jersey and autograph, Josiah Gray. That goes to Washington Nine. That's for the X-Line. And we've got Jason Hayward, nine out of 49. Jay Hay, going to Rex and the Cubs. All right, next box. Next box, we've got a Cardinal. A Redbird, Dylan Carlson, five out of 10. St. Louis is a number block team. The X-Line with the Cardinals. It's the Dylan Carlson. I'm not sure what part of the jersey that's from that, but that looks pretty cool. We've got Eloy Jimenez, four out of 25 for the South Siders. That's a number block team. That'll go to White Sox four. Nestor with number four. We've got Christian, there's your Christian Hernandez, Rex, 41 out of 49. That's one of the guys he was looking for. But I still haven't found what I'm looking for. But he's found it, he's found it, he found it, he found it. Jersey Autograph, Jose Miranda, 16 out of 49. Mark with the twins. Got the twins straight up, thank you Mark. We've got Daz Cameron, 14 out of 25. Mike Cameron's son, for those who remember Mike Cameron. Tigers, Roy, Tiger Uppercut, Tiger. And Nolan Gorman, Prospect, Jersey and Otto, 27 out of 35. Have we seen any Nolan Gorman at all this season? Cardinals fans, remember. Maybe a cup of coffee. All right, next box. He sent it back down a few weeks, okay yeah. I did think that he was up for a little bit, but he should be one of the big names maybe next year. We got Patrick Sandoval, 24 out of 25.  Could be, looks pretty cool. Not sure if this is gonna go into a 180 here. Oh, entire season. Might be more comfortable in a slider box, Chad and the Angels. Oh no, actually, it fits here perfectly. 180 top loader, nice. Chad McCormick, 21 out of 49.  Alex Kirloff, eight out of 99 for Minnesota. Mark with the twins. We got Alejo Lopez, nice patch there. Nice autograph, good penmanship, 49 out of 99. That's Ron Cincinnati. DUI with the reds, Ron Cincinnati. Ron Cincinnati. Diego Lopez approves of Alejo's last name, 14 out of 25, Daniel Lynch. Two color patch in auto. KC, a random number block team. So that goes to that digit right there. Kansas City Four, Nestor. And we've got a one out of five, Immaculate Mark, not that Immaculate, but Immaculate Marks, Fernando Datis Jr. One out of five, Padres, Ariano Daniel, with the Friars, and the Train Whistle. All aboard the Big Hit Express, whoop whoop. The Motorcyclist, Fernanda Tisese Jr. Ringworm Enthusiast, Fernanda Tisese Jr. Has not been baseball player, Fernanda Tisese Jr. Maybe next year. All right, all right, all right. Next up is George Springer. 11 out of 25, this George Springer, springing over to random number block, number one. It's for you, Josh, the X-Line. A two out of five, Whitey Ford for the Yankees. Yankees are a number block team. Yankees two, the X-Line. Are you gonna do the Train Whistle with me, Josh, in the house? Wake up the neighbors, it's pretty cool. The whole piece of his lumber. Maybe spring training lumber, goofing around. All aboard the Big Hit Express, whoop whoop. We got Taylor Tramel, 10 out of 10. Mariners, Chad, Chad Cromwell with the M's. Chad, this is no good, this is not, not Tobler is not fit for Taylor Tramel. Let's get a better one here. All right, Yankees card over there. Redemption, it is Paven Smith. That goes to Eddie and the snakes. She's a cold heart, he's a cold heart snake, she's a cold heart, he's a cold heart snake.   Another snake, 43 out of 49. Jake McCarthy for Eddie H. There's a snake in my boot, and Jared Kalanek. Must be part of the glove right there, four out of 10. Nice, let's see if this ends up in a 180 top over here. There is a snake in my boot. Little two, T-H-I-C-C, C-C-C. All right, and that is Chad with the M's. All right, three boxes to go. Good luck everybody, fingers crossed. Plenty of hits to go, and especially in a break like a maculet, all it takes is, all it takes is one. It takes is one big hit to make your day. Go ahead punk, make my day. Now you're thinking, what, five shots or six? Frankly, all the commotion. I've lost count myself. Hermon Marquez, 21, yeah, 21 out of 49, jersey, piece of his jersey, going to the Rocks Walter with the Rockies. We got Juan Gondales and Pudge, Ivan Rodriguez. That will be for Kevin M. and the Rangers. Nice, couple Ranger legends here. The redemption coming up. There's Ozzy Guillen, 40 out of 99. I'm a man, I'm 40. Goes to the number block team. Some of these shoddy top leaders here. R&B zero, that goes to Travis. The redemption is Michael Harris. Prospect patch autograph printing plate magenta. That's the Braves Michael Harris, right? He's a potential Roy candidate. Nice, Braves are a random number block team. Nobody wanted to get the Braves, not straight up. And so that'll be Travis with the ATL. Wow, that's a pretty rare occurrence. The one-of-one redemption. Congrats Travis, and all aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo! Couple more here, we got Jeremy Pena, five out of 25 for Houston. Nathan got the Stroze straight up. And we've got Lars Knutbar. Mm, Knutbars. 62 out of 68. Three-color patch and on-card autograph, that is for the X-Line and the Cardinals. We put the Knut in nutritious. Two more to go. Next up is Nick Madrigal, three out of 10.  And that'll be for Rex and his cubbies. Dot good, and what up, Dot? Eight out of 99. Nester got the Metz straight up. Geraldo Perdomo, seven out of 10. Another Diamondback for Eddie. And a plate and an auto for Pittsburgh. Brian Reynolds. One-of-one, Pirates Michael Lossia picked up the Pirates. Straight up now, tell me, do you really wanna love me forever? Oh, oh, oh. Nice, and Michael, all aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo. And we got Alex Benelis, 13 out of 49 for Boston. Mark, picked up the Red Sox straight up. And Raphael Devers, six out of 10. Another Boston Red Sox for Mark. Nice. Good on-card autograph there as well. All right, final box coming up. Fingers crossed, ladies and gentlemen. Solid break thus far. Let's see what that last one has in store for us. The box went out of control for a second. I like those buttons. Right on the button, a six out of 10, Adana's Medina. For the Metz, that's gonna be a number block team. This is a good batch here. There you go, Nester with the Metz straight up. Another Nick Madrigal, this time out of 15. There's old team's colors in there, this will go to the Cubs, this will go to Rex. 14 out of 15 on that one, Rex. We got Corey Seeger, two out of 10. Rangers, Kevin with the Rangers straight up. We got Colton Couser, jersey and autograph. That is 31 out of 99. Baltimore is a number block team, so that'll go to Baltimore one. That'll be for the X-Line. Couple more to go, we've got Matt Manning. Kind of like what he did there. Like an at symbol, but with Matt. Oh, I get it, M and at symbol, Matt. That's pretty clever, Matt Manning. 73 out of 99, Roy with Detroit. That's pretty good. All right, and the last one, ooh, is a nice one. Immaculate marks, Salvador Perez, 15 out of 49. Royals five is for the X-Line. Nice, Salvador Perez. And there you go, ladies and gentlemen. Another nice Immaculate baseball break in the book. Now we got some randomizers to do.  Sometimes that's just the way it goes. All right, so let's, now everyone has a chance at the Cool Pop of Bell and the Mule Suttles card, part of the old Negro League team, the St. Louis Stars. So everyone has a shot at that. And if it lands on a number, a team, that's part of the number block group, then we'll go by the number on the card, obviously. And then the other one was the Piazza, Met and the Bench, Cincinnati. All right, one dice roll to rule them all. Six and a three, nine times, nine times for both lists. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ninth and final time after nine. The card's gonna go to, sorry, Dime, sorry, Eddie, very close, but not quite, but it'll go to the Pittsburgh Pirates. And Michael Lossia picked up the Pirates straight up. You'll get this dual relic. All teammates here, Cool Pop of Bell and Mule Suttles. There you go, Michael, congrats. It's multiple relics there. All right, and the last one here, the dual relic. We'll go nine times on that one, six and a three. Team on top gets it. Two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ninth and final time. We're on to Cincinnati. We're on to Cincinnati. That goes to DY Reds. Nice dual relic right here as well. Two out of 15. The other dual relic, also out of 15, seven out of 15. There you go, gang. I'm Joe for JaspeysCaseBrakes.com. That was a really solid break. I'll see you next time for the next baseball break. Bye-bye.


And today we're talking about how to live a life without fear and anxiety and worries. So I believe that there are people that need to hear and there are people that will be set free. They need to be set free from anxiety and from fear. So you can be an answer to somebody by sharing this video and participating and liking it and sharing it. So we've got some people watching from Topinish. You've got some people watching, some more people watching from Seattle, from Los Angeles, California. Amazing, amazing, amazing. Those of you that are with us on Zoom, could you turn on your FaceTime camera, just wave at me, wave at me, wave at me. We love to hear and see you, well, see you first and we'll get a chance to talk to you. Amazing, amazing.  Oftentimes, we release the prophetic words, word of knowledge, we pray for individual people that are on Zoom, so if you want to receive that personal ministry or have a chance of being ministered personally, you can come to our Zoom and the way you can go to our Zoom is, our moderators are dropping links, but it's hungrygen.com slash Zoom, you go to that form, fill it out, you're going to get an automatic reply with an email that has credentials how to get in into Zoom. And so we want to welcome everybody, we want to welcome Ed from UK, he's one of our mods, helping us moderate and run Zoom church, online church, so everybody wave and say hello to Ed, he's a valuable member of our team and we appreciate him. Amen, amen, amen. How many blessed people do I have in this place? Those of you on Zoom wave at me if you're blessed, those of you on Facebook and YouTube, hashtag blessed or comment blessed, and I'd like to see that. So let's like, I like to say that if you are physically present here and sitting in a sanctuary, you'd be shouting, clapping and dancing, but since you are across the screen, you can still do that by through emojis and comments. So let me hear some, let me see some party emojis, let me see some hands up emojis, let me see some heart emojis, let me see some clap emojis.  Let's participate and encourage one another and at the same time, let it serve in a way that the algorithm will pick it up and make it available to more people. So with that being said, actually before we go into the word, just want to remind you that we do have a annual youth conference coming up in just two days, starting Friday night, Pacific Standard Time, I believe it's seven, and then Saturday night we're going to have a deliverance service, deliverance service on Zoom, online deliverance service. Unfortunately, the spots are already booked and those people that signed up have gone through pre-concelling and they will be receiving prayer of deliverance, but you can watch it online and participate in prayer. And distance is not a barrier, as they're going to deliver, you can receive a deliverance as well too. But we will have future sign-ups for those sessions and you'll be notified about them and then Saturday evening we'll continue with youth annual youth conference and then Sunday night we're going to have a guest speaker, so tune in, it's going to be amazing, it's going to be powerful. And yeah, that's it for the announcements for now. So let's see, I see people commenting, bless, hallelujah, emojis, amen, that's how we do it, that's how we do it. Now share the broadcast with other people. So let's talk about how to live a life without fear and anxiety. I think in the last year, year and a half, being in the ministry, I've prayed for more people than I've prayed combined in the life of the ministry, people to be freed specifically from anxiety and fear. And due to what's happening in the world, due to COVID-19 spread and I think more than COVID-19 spread, what's been spreading is fear around the world. And while I don't want to say that this pandemic is fake or this COVID pandemic is something to take lightly or something to not be cautious of. I have friends that died from COVID or complications that COVID brought. I had COVID myself recovered it, but I think more than this pandemic, Satan have used this pandemic, demons have used this pandemic to spread fear and to bring people into captivity of fear and bring people to their knees. And fear is such an interesting thing. Somebody said the fear is false evidence appearing real. And sometimes it's true and sometimes there is a legitimate fear that it's not false, but it that the legitimate fear grows into this obnoxious, abnormal and eventually becomes a spiritual thing that then we eventually need a deliverance from. In Joshua 1.9, in Joshua 1.9 says this, heaven I commend you, the Lord speaks to Joshua, be strong and courageous. Do not be frightened. And do not be dismayed for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go. Joshua had a serious conquest in front of him. Joshua had serious enemies ahead of him. Joshua actually had a legitimate reason for fear. But God appears to him and he says, Joshua, do not fear. Before Israel and before Joshua leads his people into the promised land, God begins to address the issue that would keep him out of promised land. God begins to address the issue that kept them from promised land for 40 years. See, the journey that Israel took to exit from Egypt and get into the promised land should have taken about 40 days or so. But because they allowed fear to dominate them, they allowed fear to captivate them. They allowed fear to make their judgments. They used fear as a foundation for the judgments and for thinking and for acting. God said, because you chose fear over faith, you will wander in the wilderness for 40 years. So Joshua is standing at the foot of a promised land. They're about to enter the promised land. And God wants to make sure that Joshua and Israelites, the new generation that was raised up, do not repeat the same mistake that their ancestors, their parents have done and that kept them from a promised land. He addresses this thing called fear. And he says to Joshua, do not fear, do not be frightened, do not be dismayed, but be strong and courageous. God commanded Joshua three times not to be afraid. You know, there's 110 times Bible mentions this particular phrase, do not be afraid. Because I think fear is something that we so often face. I think fear is something that we so often come across with. Fear is something that almost every single day we get in touch with. And that's why God specifically addresses us today, addresses you. Do not be afraid, be courageous. Because your fear can stop you from entering into your promised land. Your fear can stop you from enjoying your best health. You know, as a matter of fact, it's scientifically proven that if you live in fear and phobias and anxiety, it diminishes, it suppresses your immune system and you will suffer in your health. Fear will stop you from enjoying your best relationships.   But God calls you and I, like he calls Joshua. He tells us, do not be afraid. Get hold of your fear. Be strong and courageous. And our strength and courage is not found. See, we're different in how we approach fear. The world derives courage. The world musters up courage from their own abilities and their own, how should I put it this way, from their own self, from their own will. They pretty much encourage themselves. They are source of their own courage, their positive thinking, their positive thoughts, they are the source of itself. The problem is it's very shaky, it's very unstable. Oftentimes, their own feelings are the source of their courage. But as Christians, God says to Joshua, be strong and courageous, not because you are strong and courageous, not because you feel strong and courageous.   You've got to be strong and courageous. Because God is with you in your health, you've got to be strong and courageous. Because God is with you with your finances and your business. He's with you in the ministry. He's with you everywhere you go. He says, I will not leave you nor forsake you. I'm always with you. Because of that, we have a right. We have a foundation for our strength and our courage. And fear cannot dominate us. Fear should not dominate us in Jesus' name. Amen. If you agree with me, type fear not. Fear not. Type fear not. Those of you watching me on Zoom, say with me, fear not. Fear not. Come on, come on. So fear will keep you from a promised land. Fear kept servant with one talent from enjoying the reward of the master. In Matthew chapter 25, master comes to the servants, three servants, and he gives them talents. He gives them money to invest, money to put in to business, or some kind of investment so that he can yield a return. And he gives to one person one talent. He gives to another three talents and five talents. Just to give an idea, what is one talent is worth? One talent is worth 75 pounds of gold, which is equal to about $1.25 million. So if somebody feels bad for this servant from getting one talent, well, I'll take his one talent. I'm sure you will too. And so, but the point of this parable is what kept him from multiplying even the little that he had, even though it wasn't little, but in his eyes compared to other servants, what kept him from multiplying the talents that God has given him was a fear of a loss. Now, was there a, was that fear legitimate? Some people say no, some people say yes. I would say yes, his fear was legitimate. Being in the world of investment and in the world of finances, I understand that every investment comes with a risk.  I want to tell you right away, it's a scam, run away from it.  The smaller the gains should be, you should have smaller risk. So if somebody tells you, well, this person had nothing to fear. Yes, he had something to fear. He had a fear of loss. But I think that if he would have invested it and if he would have lost it and he would have come to his master and said, listen, I invested it, I tried my best, I did this and this. But unfortunately, the investment has gone bust, it's gone away. I think his master's approach would have been different than what he had here. He would have not called them wicked, lazy, he would have not called them those things. He would have said, you know you tried, you were faithful. Let's see what we can do about recovering, maybe perhaps or something else. But because the servant and his fear kept him from investment, kept him from exploring his gifts, his talents, his abilities, then the master's approach was much different. He said, you wicked and lazy servant and he punished them. Oftentimes fear keeps us from reaping the rewards. He kept the Jews, Israelites from entering the promised land. Somebody said this, fear stops you from doing what you're supposed to do and makes you do the things that you don't want to do. How true is that? Oftentimes in the marriage, our fear of our spouse living, a fear of divorce, fear of unfaithfulness and we control our spouse. We manipulate them with our tears, we manipulate them with our words, we manipulate them with our action and we hold the relationship hostage simply because of fear of being cheated on, of fear of the relationship falling apart because maybe perhaps you had a bad relationship in the past. Maybe somebody was unfaithful to you in the past in relationship. But we are making the new person suffer because of the mistakes and the sins of your ex and those fears we hold on to them and we hold our current relationship hostage. We don't allow this relationship to bring yield, to bring reward into our life as it should. So fear is skipping us from doing the right things which is to love them, to not control them, to encourage them, to allow them, to express themselves, be free. So it's stopping us from doing that and it's making us do the opposite which we don't want to do often is to manipulate, control and at the end ruin our own relationship. I wanna ask you today about your fears. I wanna ask you today, what are you afraid of? Maybe it's in relationships. Maybe you had one, two or three failed relationships and now you're afraid to get into the next one. Maybe you are already in a relationship but the fear of a previous failed relationship is skipping you from enjoying this current relationship. God has brought a godly man, godly woman into your life but the failure of the past still holding you hostage. The fear of the past still holding you hostage from enjoying the reward of this current relationship. Maybe you went to school and you didn't pass the class. Maybe you were not able to finish it once or twice or three times, whatever the case might be and now you know you need to go back to school. You know you need to finish that course but you are afraid to take it because of fear of failure once again or maybe it's in the area of business, you started a business and you went bankrupt or you started another business and it failed, it did not succeed and you know God has called you to do business. You know God has called you and he has a promise for you on the other side but a fear of failure, a fear of unknown is stopping you from stepping into the promise that God has for you. What is your fear? Maybe you had some traumas in the past. Maybe you had some abuse in the past and some of those fears are lingering and keeping you hostage. At night you're having nightmares of those things happening again to you. I don't know what your fear is today but I wanna tell you that God wants to break that fear off of your life today. Some of you held on to some of those fears for so long that those fears when I'm gonna talk about it, they open the doors to demonic and now demons tormenting you. It's not just fear, it's a demonic fear at this point. Listen everybody experiences fear. It's how you process it that matters. I go through fearful moments in my life. I've experienced fearful moments in my life. Everybody does. Fear is a vital response to a physical and emotional danger, somebody said. If we don't feel it, we would not be able to protect ourselves from a legitimate threat. So fear is placed by God within us to protect us from danger, from emotional, physical danger. But when fear, when we don't control that fear, God always got given us a will that we're able to control that fear and when we don't conquer and control that fear, we don't put it in its rightful place that fear can grow into like a negative faith, negative expectation, expectation in negative results and then it begins to torment and rule our life. Somebody said this, fear is a weak man's excuse and strong man's motivation. Again, let me repeat that. Fear is weak man's excuse and strong man's motivation. Saul in the Bible, it says, Saul said this, I was afraid of people. Multiple times Saul says this statement and he does the things that, and he does not finish the things that God called him to do. He does opposite to what God told him to do through a prophet. Because of this, he says, I was afraid of what people will say. I wanna ask you today, are you ruled by fear? Are you ruled by fear of people? Are you ruled today by fears of opinions of people? And that's why today you're not in school, that's why today maybe you're not in a relationship, maybe that's why today you don't have a business, you don't have a career, that's why today you don't have a valid thing going in your life. It's fear of people and opinions of people keeping you away from enjoying what God has in store for you, the promised land that God has for you. See Saul was afraid of people and he did not complete the task that God had for him and therefore he lost the throne. Saul could have had his descendants. He could have had his lineage continue to be as kings but instead he got rejected because he was a people pleaser. He was afraid of people. He was afraid to do what God called him to do despite of what people would say. Some of you are not in the ministry, God has called you to be in the ministry simply because of what would relatives say. Well, how am I gonna provide for myself? Fear of what other people would say, feel of talking and addressing people, feel of speaking in front of the people and that fear is keeping you from achieving the goals and the mission that God has for you and what God has in store for you. We look at David on the other side. David was the man after God's own heart and he says this in Psalm 56 verse three. I am afraid but I put my trust in you. That was the response of David. He never denounced his fear. He never ignored his fear. He addressed it but he said, I am afraid but I will put my trust in the Lord. I will put my trust in the Lord. Psalm 23 verses four. Ye though I walk through the valley of shadow of death, I will fear no evil. For you are with me, your rod and your stuff that comfort me. Remember what I said in the beginning. Our strength and courage is not derived from our own self, from our own will, from our own ability to be strong. Our strength is based on the fact that God is with me always. And that's what David, he knew it very well. He said, I am afraid but I put my trust in you. Though I walk through the valleys of the shadow of death, I will not fear evil. Why? Because you are with me. Many people should be further. I should be further and some areas fear kept me back. And I pray every day that God will help me expose some of these areas and would help me to take the steps and leave some faith that you follow him fearlessly, even into the unknown, so that I can accomplish everything that he has for me. Many people, many of you that are watching today, God has called you to do one thing or the other, but fear has kept you away from it. Some of you that are watching me online right now on Facebook and YouTube, God has called you to do great exploits. You should have a business by now. You should have a relationship by now. You should have a family by now. You should have many different things right now.  Some of you, the fear of unknown, where how am I gonna pay the bills if I'm gonna start my business? I have a solid career. If I work for somebody, I know every two weeks I'm gonna get a paycheck. And you're stuck. You don't have enough, you're struggling. You're praying for God to open the doors for you. And God has opened a door or God has put a dream on inside of you. But your fear has stopped you from stepping out. And you will never enjoy the abundance that God has for you. Simply because you're afraid of the unknown. Simply because you're afraid to fail. Fear of rejection, fear of failure, fear of people and their opinion, fear to be alone. Oftentimes people don't go far with God because going far with God often means going alone. It's comfortable and it's safe in a group. But sometimes when God calls you, he calls you to go alone. Bible says we will soar in the winds of like eagles and we're like yay, we'll soar in the winds of eagle. The thing that we don't realize is that eagles fly alone. You never see eagle flying in a group. And you have to overcome that fear of being alone. Sometimes God will call you to go deeper after him. But we like corporate prayers. We like prayers when we are in the home group or in the church.  Without anybody. And that thought scares us. And therefore we never go further and we don't achieve, we don't get the fullness of what God has for us. Number two, so first thing is that fear keeps you from your promised land. Number two, fear attracts negative results into your life. Job says this, what I feared came upon me. Listen to this again. Job, that Bible, that God declared about Job to Satan himself said that the Job is righteous. A man that loved God, a man that sacrificed to God and prayed to God every day. Sometimes more, he did more than most of us do. A wealthy man that had a favor of God.  And he said, what I feared came upon me. Fear is a negative faith. Our faith in God, our faith for the things that we believe in, they materialize, our faith materializes the physical things in our life. Our faith in God and his promises attracts those things into our life. But our fears, there are faith too, but faith into the negative things, faith into the negative outcome, faith into failure, faith into rejection, faith for being not understood by people. That fear also materializes and draws and attracts things, except that it attracts negative things. Faith allows and gives access to God to operate and work in us, because God does nothing outside of our faith in our life. On the opposite side, fear opens the door to demons and Satan in our life. And I would say that without fear, demons can't do anything in our life. They first bring fear, and then they use that to operate in our life. As we talked about, that servant, this one talent, he was fearful. He even voiced it out himself. And therefore it attracted punishment from the master. Fear ensnares you. In Proverbs 29, 25 says this, the fear of man lays a snare, but whoever trusts in the Lord is safe. Listen, your fear will ensnare you if you allow it to run your life. You cannot be afraid. The way you overcome fear is you trust that your God, your Father, your Savior is always with you. You put your trust in God. You put your trust in the promises of God. See, fear is trust in a negative outcome. Faith is trust in a positive outcome. Put your faith in God. Put your faith in his word. Put your faith in his promises. Bible says, meditate on these things day and night, and you will find good success, and you will be prosperous. What God can do through faith, the sakes and demons can do through fear. And the last thing, and we're gonna pray. Fear opens the door to demonic. If our natural fears are not kept in check, then that fear will begin to grow and dominate, and see fear is invasive. You don't have to see faith, you have to cultivate. You constantly have to build it. Fear on the opposite, all you have to do just do nothing and it will grow. You'll do nothing, you don't keep it in check. You don't keep your mind in check. You don't keep your thoughts in check. You don't keep your emotions in check and it will grow automatically. And if it does, it opens the door to demonic. Demonic fear, okay? Let's take it, what is natural fear versus demonic fear? Natural fear is logical and it's common sense. For example, fear of height, it's a natural fear.  That's a normal fear. And there is a demonic fear, where you look at physically at the situation and the situation says that you shouldn't be afraid. There is no danger to you, no emotional danger, no physical danger, but on inside you feel fearful and you feel afraid, okay? I'll give you an example between, how to differentiate between demonic fear and physical fear, demonic fear and just a natural fear. There was a person, there was this person, I've shared this story with you guys that came to our church some years ago and she said, pray for me because I have severe anxiety and fear of driving. Now we understand that fear of driving, I mean, we all drive, right? We all try to drive, we try to be safe, we abide by the rules, we put on a seat belt, we have airbags in our vehicles and so while there is a danger, statistically speaking, there is a danger on the roads, but we take all the precautions and logically we understand that if we follow these precautions, we should be safe. But this woman had this demonic fear in her life that even though she had a car, she had a valid driver's license, she was capable of driving, she knew how to drive, she used to actually drive before. But now she doesn't drive because of this demonic fear, every time she gets behind a steering wheel, she gets paralyzed and she could not drive. So that's the difference between natural fear and demonic fear. And so today we're gonna pray and I believe that there are people that will be set free from different kinds of fears and phobias.  Some of you will get married soon after this. Some of you will find relationships, some of your relationships will prosper today because the fear will be broken in that area. Some of you will start businesses, some of you will go further with God because you will not be afraid to go alone and to do things, do exploits for God. Fear, when natural fear is not kept in check, it grows and it opens the door for demonic influence. So this lady that I just mentioned to you, one of the reasons why she had this fear is because of emotional trauma and trauma. She had a root of trauma in her life and here's what the root was. Some years back, she was driving just fine, she had no fear of driving but this one particular moment, she was with her cousin and her friend and she was pregnant at the time, she got into a very bad car accident. Her friend died in a car accident, her cousin was severely injured and she was pregnant the moment she lost the baby. And that moment was so traumatic to her, so traumatizing to her that she would replay those moments of crash over and over and over and over again and she began to grow this fear of driving. She did not keep it in check. So when she got well and she was physically able to drive, she still had her license, she still had her car but that fear grew so strong that anytime she would get behind a wheel, she would get paralyzed in her fear and she would not drive. A capable woman that was able to drive was taking public transport to go to her workplace and to get around because she was afraid of driving. So she had a route to her fear. And so the way we helped her to overcome is she came to for prayer and she asked, pray for us and we told her, listen, your issue is not just the only spiritual but also mental, we gave her a verse to read for God has not given us a spirit of fear but of love and of power, love and sound mind and we said, rehearse this verse and meditate in it a thousand times, write it down on a piece of paper, write this verse down a thousand times and meditate on it and then when you've done that, come we'll pray for deliverance for you, for you to be set free from the spirit of fear. Anyways, she left with disappointed with this response. She thought that we're gonna lay hands and pray for her and in the instant she'll be free but her issue was deeper than that. And but few days later, we see a chorus pulling in into the parking lot and she's getting out of the driver's seat. She comes to the office full of life, happy and we ask her, what happened? I thought you could not drive, you were afraid to drive. She begins to tell us the story. When she went back home, she said, I was a bit disappointed that you guys didn't pray for me but I took your instruction seriously and I began to write down that verse and write about halfway, about 500 times that she wrote that verse. She wrote it down, recited, meditated on it, wrote it down again. She said, I felt something snap inside of me. I felt this heaviness lift off on me and I knew at that moment that I was free from the spirit of fear. I went, got my driver's license. I got my keys, got in the car and started driving and I am not afraid to drive anymore until this day, she drives the car and she is fully functionable in that area. I don't know what happened to you and I don't know the root of your fear.  But if you're dominated by fear but this demonic fear in your life, first thing you need to do is identify the root cause of that fear. Maybe you were in a relationship and you got abused. Maybe you were in a relationship and you were unfaithful and you got cheated on and now you're afraid of that. Maybe you started a business and things went bad, really bad and then you suffered severe losses and today you're afraid to start new. Whatever the case it is, there was another lady, it was actually Derek Prince's wife, when she was little, she got locked up in one of those cabinets, she was little, they were probably in hide and seek and the cabinets on accident got locked and people were playing hide and seek, they couldn't find her and then they left the house so she got locked up in the house for a long time in that cabinet and she was traumatized from that experience and from that moment she was claustrophobic meaning that she was afraid of small spaces, she would never take an elevator because she was afraid of small spaces, she would walk up the stairs and one time her husband Derek Prince recognized the issue that it became a demonic thing. He prayed for her and cast a spirit out of her, spirit of fear and from that moment on she was not afraid of small spaces any longer, she would take elevators with him and it was fine so there are, if there has been a trauma, a traumatic event or something that happened or maybe you honestly you just kept playing a worst case scenario in your mind and that spirit entered your life, today you can be free and you will be free if you open your heart to gone. Baba says the perfect love cast out all fear and as I already told you that second Timothy verse 1-7 says this, for God has not given us spirit of fear but of power, love and sound mind, how do you break off the spirit of fear over your life?  Why are you expecting now negative consequences and you're expecting the afraid of negative things or negative outcome? So first you gotta recognize where it come, where's the root of it? And you can ask Holy Spirit, even as I'm talking to you right now, Holy Spirit, where is the root? Where did I open the door? What happened? And the first thing that will come to your mind, the first thing that the images or the memories that will come, usually it's those things that open the door to spirit of fear in your life. Second thing is that you have to repent. You're asking me repent for what? You have to repent for not trusting in God. Remember what we said, what remember what we said initially from just chapter one, verses nine. Be strong and courageous, do not be frightened, do not be dismayed for I am with you. The reason why we're afraid, the reason why we're dismayed, the reason why we are frightened is because we chose to not trust in God in those moments and those opportunities. Even if it was a legitimate fear, even if it was legitimate danger and legitimate disappointment and pain. But in all things we should trust God and we should trust that even the painful moments and painful traumas and traumas in our life that God can even take those and turn it into good. So we have to repent for not trusting God. John chapter 14, 27 says this, let your heart not be troubled. Neither let it be afraid. Third thing that you must do to break the grip of spirit of fear over your life is you have to renounce it. You have to tell fear in its face.  Fear, you're no longer part of me. Fear, I trust God from now on. I will not be afraid. You have to renounce it. And the last thing is that whatever fear dominate in your life, those dominant thoughts of fear, you have to replace it with God's word. You have to replace it with the promises of God.  I will declare the goodness of God in my life. If you were afraid of failure, you have to declare God's promise over your life of success, that you will have good success, that you will prosper in Jesus' name. If you are afraid to be alone, God says it's not good for man to be alone, that God has somebody special for you. You begin to declare God's promises over your life. If you're afraid, again, that people will disappoint you, that maybe they'll cheat on you, they'll abandon you. You have to go into the promises of God. You have to go into the word of God and find God's promise, God's word for it. Find the fact that God will not leave you. God will not forsake you. Target your fear specifically. Replace those thoughts of fear with thoughts of faith. Now, again, we're not just believing for a positive outcome. We believe in God. And that's the difference. That's the difference between us and the New Age. This is the difference between us and those people that are just believing in the positive confession and the power of the universe. That's the difference between us as Christians and Hindus. We don't try to be a source to our own selves, to our own positive thinking. God is the source. We believe God and we believe His word. And that's what gives us courage. That's what gives us strength to move forward and to do the exploits that God called us to do. How many of you are ready to break off fear off of your life? If you are ready, type break free. Break free, break free.  If you're ready to leave your snare, your trap that Satan has kept you in today and you're ready to step into the promised land, to the promise that God has for you. If you're ready to take a step of faith, if you're tired of walking in fear, but you want to be walking by faith, righteous lives by faith, not by fear. Listen, things might come against you. Weapons might be formed against you. Floods might beat against you.  He can sustain you. He can sustain your marriage. He can sustain your relationship. He can sustain your business and your finances. He can and He will sustain you. And even if things come against you, He will turn it around and make it for your good. And I declare that all your life in Jesus' name. I feel the presence of God and the anointing of God in this place. There is anointing to break the spirit of fear and anxiety and every phobia right now from your life. You must live free. You must live by faith.


The state of the city of Bemidji is strong. That's according to Bemidji Mayor Rita Albright in her fifth state of the city address that she has given. Her address tonight was part of the Bemidji City Council meeting. Albright's speech highlighted many of the city's successes and areas of opportunity. One of the areas of opportunity that was also considered a success was the Sanford Regional Event Center. By all accounts, the investment that our community made in the Sanford Center has produced great economic benefits for our community. More visitors and restaurants, hotels and gas stations increased shopping in our retail sector. We welcome these visitors to our community because they make our businesses successful. The address covered the continued growth of the city of Bemidji and the significant increase in the city's population. The mayor also focused on joint planning and called out Bemidji Township for not participating on the JPB. Our joint planning organization continues to function even without the participation of Bemidji Township. It's unfortunate that Bemidji Township Supervisors are not participating in the joint planning board. They also are no longer paying their fair share and development project proposers in the Township are bearing this cost. The JPB increased planning fees for land use applications in Bemidji Township to cover the Township share. Other challenges mentioned in the address were completing the city's comprehensive plan, developing relationships with area tribes and improving lake quality. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


please write down a little bit about reversible or irreversible processes see basically the first statement of the second law of thermodynamics told us that we cannot have 100% efficiency so now i need to find out or we need to find out if 100% efficiency is not possible then what is the maximum possible efficiency of the heat engine okay in order to understand what is the maximum possible heat efficiency we need to understand what is reversible and irreversible process okay so we have already learned about the quasi-static process quasi-static process is the process in which system is in equilibrium with the surrounding okay at every moment so if surrounding changes the system also accommodates with the surrounding slowly now the reversible and irreversible processes okay they are quasi-static process only first of all reversible processes are quasi-static process in which please write down reversible processes are the quasi-static processes in which the frictional losses are absent i'm telling you a very crude definition no frictional loss in a reversible process there is no frictional loss in a reversible process okay so definitely when we are talking about the highest possible efficiency we are going to take only those processes in which frictional losses are absent otherwise every time a process happens some part of energy will be lost due to the friction and that cannot be reversed if i trace back the frictional losses will not be able to come back it will be gone now fine so that is the reason why we like to have reversible processes fine so that is what is about the reversible processes and then we are now going to discuss about the Carnot cycle okay so Carnot cycle basically is the heat engine having the maximum possible efficiency so Carnot was a person he's a he's a french engineer who who was given a task by Napoleon to find out what is the maximum possible efficiency and he he came back with a quantification of the heat engine formula all right and that actually helps us to understand you know that how much maximum efficiency is possible otherwise you know if you don't know what is the maximum possible efficiency possible then unnecessarily we'll be comparing it with 100 percent efficiency suppose Carnot tells Carnot efficiencies let's say 50 percent okay then even if i build a engine which has 45 percent efficiency it's a very good heat engine but if i don't know that maximum possible efficiency is 50 percent i'll think that 45 percent is a very bad efficiency because 100 percent should be maximum right so that is why the discovery of Carnot engine is extremely crucial so that it gives us a benchmark against which we can compare the efficiency of every other engine write down Carnot cycle so please write down Carnot cycle is the heat engine Carnot cycle is the heat engine operating between two temperatures and has highest possible efficiency okay now we know that the heat engine should absorb heat at constant temperature and release the heat at constant temperature so the absorption of heat and the release of the heat should happen at the constant temperature all of you agree this let's say that the higher temperature line is this and the lower temperature line is that so the cycle should operate between the two lines these two lines these are the two isothermal lines okay now i need to complete the cycle also when it is absorbing the heat it should expand and when it is releasing heat it should contract but cycle should be completed there should be a line from here which joins the line there and from here it should join there what these lines should be anyone adiabatic because the heat exchange is not allowed when you're going from here to there or when you're going from here to there okay heat exchange is not allowed heat should be only exchanged at the reservoir temperature please draw this this is the Carnot cycle and now we are trying to derive the efficiency of Carnot cycle okay sorry one small error we have made is that adiabatic will be below and isothermal will be above that we have discussed already so this is what the process will look like which is adiabatic the lower one is adiabatic okay the up this one is isothermal so let's say over here pressure is p1 volume is v1 and temperature is t1 over here pressure is p2 volume is v2 and temperature will be what will be the temperature p1 only it is an isothermal so it will go like this this is the cycle Carnot cycle this will be let's say p3 v3 and t2 let us say this point will be p4 v4 and t2 because this line is isothermal this one and this is also isothermal the upper one and lower one okay now i know that heat is exchanged at a constant temperature so at a higher temperature by the way which one is higher temperature t1 or t2 look at the diagram t1 t1 is higher right because p into v should be nrt so multiplication of pressure into volume will be highest at the upper portion lower in the lower portion so heat is absorbed there so you can draw in the diagram like this so this is q1 and heat will be released at this temperature t2 t2 is a reservoir temperature so you can say this is q2 okay and we have already arrived at this expression that efficiency will be equal to 1 minus q2 by q1 okay right now i what i'm trying to find out here is that what is the efficiency in terms of t1 and t2 okay so all of you please tell me what is the value of q1 equals to and q2 equal to think of it and let me know it is an isothermal process okay 1 2 2 and 3 2 4 isothermal process q1 and q2 find out see it is an isothermal process so if you apply first law of thermodynamics between 1 and 2 delta u will be 0 change in temperature is 0 delta q will be equal to work done of an isothermal process work done in the isothermal process will be nrt1 log of v2 by v1 isn't it this is delta q which is my q1 only right so q1 is nrt1 log of v2 by v1 now tell me what is q2 q2 is what minus nrt ln v4 by v2 see actually it should be final volume do it by initial volume only q2 if you take if you find out it will be nrt2 log of v4 by v1 v4 by v3 sorry but i know that this quantity is negative getting it but in the expression i already know that q2 is released okay and when i substitute in this relation q2 should be made positive that is where there is a minus over here there should be nrt2 log of v3 by v4 if you take v4 by v3 that is not wrong because the heat released should be negative but when i substitute here i already know q2 is heat released i want to know how much heat is released so you should put a positive number over there i hope it is clear to all of you nrt2 log of v3 by v4 so efficiency can be written as 1 minus nrt1 divided by nrt2 log of v2 by v1 divided by same natural log of v3 by v4 okay nr and nr gone so i can say it is this 1 minus of that okay now tell me have we used till now the fact that 2 to 3 is adiabatic and 4 to 1 is adiabatic have we used that till now no sir no sir no so let's try to use that how can we use that uh where should i write okay this small space all right so for adiabatic p into v gamma is constant i want a relation between volume and temperature because temperature and volume are correlated here and the expression also temperature and volume is there so that's why i want between temperature and volume i know that p into v is equal to nrt okay so p is equal to nrt by v so that into v to the power gamma is constant and that's the reason why t into v to the power gamma minus 1 is constant n into r is anyway a constant so that into constant is another constant so for adiabatic process t into v raised to power gamma minus 1 is a constant all right now i'm going to apply this equation t v raised to power gamma minus 1 between 2 and 3 and 4 and 1 so what will be the equation if i apply between 2 and 3 i'll get what temperature at point 2 is what t 1 so what will i be writing there t 1 into v 2 gamma minus 1 v 2 gamma minus 1 is equal to what t 2 into v 3 gamma minus gamma minus 1 this is between 2 and 3 between 4 and 1 what can i write v 2 v 4 gamma minus 1 is equal to t 1 v 1 gamma minus 1 correct t 1 v 1 gamma minus 1 is equal to is equal to t 2 v 4 gamma minus 1 okay now if you divide this first equation i'm intensely writing here only so that everything is visible otherwise it will not make much sense so there are two equations if you multiply left hand side of this equation with the left hand side of that equation t 1 is gone so you're going to get v 2 by v 1 raised to power gamma minus 1 is equal to v 3 by v 4 raised to power gamma minus 1 okay so this is what you're going to get if you divide it v 2 by v 1 gamma minus 1 is equal to v 3 by v 4 power gamma minus 1 gamma minus 1 power if you remove v 2 by v 1 is equal to v 3 by v 4 right so that's the reason why this can be cancelled away from that have you understood all of you yes okay so efficiency of a Carnot cycle can be simply written as 1 minus t 1 by t 2 sorry t 2 by t 1 where t 1 is the hot reservoir oh i have actually numerator should be this t 2 with the numerator and denominator got exchanged please correct that cylinder so this is v 2 by v 1 still it will cancel out numerator and denominator is at 1 minus t 2 by t 1 t 2 has to be colder reservoir otherwise t 2 by t 1 will become greater than 1 and efficiency will come out to be negative so that is i mean that's another way to remember the numerator should be lower than the denominator when you write the temperatures okay so towards the end a small proof is there just five minutes i will take to prove that Carnot cycle has the maximum possible efficiency okay the proof of Carnot cycle being the maximum possible efficiency is done by contradiction they assume that suppose such cycle exists which gives more efficiency between the two temperatures than Carnot cycle so let's say t 1 you absorb the same amount of heat okay and you are able to extract more work okay but then you're releasing the same amount of heat t 2 please draw this two cycles q 1 dash w 1 dash and q 2 this is original and this is Carnot and this claims to have more efficiency this cycle let's say claims to have more efficiency than Carnot if okay so basically you are able to convert actually it should be w 1 dash and q 2 dash you're absorbing same amount of heat but you're extracting more work all right so basically w 1 dash should be greater than w 1 this is what it means for the same q 1 all right now if this is true then both should be reversible 1 and 2 reversible so i can reverse the cycle 1 i can reverse the original Carnot cycle and this is how it would become it'll become a refrigerator now t 1 and now it will give the heat back but it will need what to be done now it'll take heat from the colder reservoir t 2 and this is q 2 see we already know Carnot cycle is reversible so i reversed it okay so Carnot engine becomes a refrigerator right and then i'm coupling i'm coupling 2 and 3 when you couple 2 and 3 then basically whatever is a heat this q 1 and q 1 you can couple and this w 1 which is work done on this cycle can be taken from this modified cycle all right so entire cycle will become like this t 1 this is little tricky to understand so it will take time to sink in but initially someone need to tell you an entire thing first so this is t 2 this will be q 2 minus q 2 dash okay and this will be equal to w 1 dash minus w okay so clearly w 1 dash we already assumed is more than w 1 so w 1 dash minus w 1 w 1 dash minus w 1 should be greater than 0 okay and since more amount of heat in the modified cycle is converting into work q 2 dash should be less than q 2 so that is the reason why even q 2 minus q 2 dash is greater than 0 so now if you look this look at this what is happening here what is happening here is that you're taking heat from the colder reservoir okay you're taking heat from the colder reservoir and converting entire heat into the work and you're not rejecting any heat is that possible no sir can you just repeat that last thing what I'm saying is that ultimately when you couple the modified cycle with the reverse of the Carnot cycle what comes out is that you're extracting heat from a colder reservoir okay and converting entire heat into work that is against the second law of thermodynamics so that is the reason why there cannot be heat engine which has more efficiency than the Carnot cycle okay so this is this proof is done by contradiction so that's why it'll be little tricky to understand you just need to spend a little bit more time to visualize what has happened all right so sir coupling means like we're adding the engines and adding the heat and actually taken and taken out the work and also coupling means whatever work is required by the reverse Carnot cycle is taken by taken from the modified Carnot's engine which has more efficiency and the whatever heat that is supplied to the modified Carnot engine is taken by the reverse Carnot it is is given by the reverse Carnot engine so what this earlier what was happening is that reverse Carnot engine was giving heat to T1 rather than giving to T1 the same heat can be taken directly by the modified Carnot engine so that is what coupling means okay so sir the one in the blue box is the net engine of both of them sir the modified engine is doing work on the reverse Carnot modified engine is doing work on the modified engine you can't say it is Carnot or not it is combined there cannot be any process it doesn't talk about engine there cannot be any process whose sole result is to convert heat into work completely does not matter one engine two engine five engine does not matter all right


Wel, yn y toffi TV yw'r ysgrifennu'r gweithio i'r gwnaeth, ond Prysdel Palace Nill yn y FFAC third round y Gwladysan Park a na'r Gwladysan Progres yw ystod diwrnod 4 o'r pethau ac rwy'n ffordd Llywodraeth i gyd yn ymgyrch yn y pethau ar y Cwladysan. I cael ei wneud y sgol o'r game i fwyaf cyngor. Fy fydd yw poa. Dwi'n bod yn fawr o'r tîm, dyna ni wedi cael ei ffordd ar y game Mae'n rhoi ddim ddeltio o dy nafgwm, ond rydyn fydd gennych gennych iawn o'r ddechrau. Rhywbwyr fathiau'r peirlau o'r bwyr yn geisio. Fe ddim yn ymgyrch chi'n hefyd. A'r gŵm hefyd y modol, oherwydd mae'r ddechrau yn ymchwil a'r hefyd a'r home games! Rhywbwyr arwärd. Ry'n raddio fod yn ymddi'n pandegol, mae'n ddweud sydd arall wedi gyffinion yn y maen nhw ac yn yma. â'r pethau hefyd. ac mae'n rhaid i'r ffordd o'r cymdeithas fel y dyn nhw. Mae'r rechydig yn bros neithym Patais yn hyn, i ddim yn gweithio i'w amser yn gyllid Cullman. Gwylwys iawn i'r mewn yng Ngorffordd Jordan Pickford yn y gwaith yn y ffarsgau'n ymddiad Selaers Park. Yn yw'r Andrew Gomes yn cyd-ddi'r hyn o'r hyn o'r cyreun a chyfnodd yma i'w ddigol yng Ngorffordd, ac mae'n gweithio i'w ddigol yma i'w ddigol. Ym hyn y gallwn, mae'n dweud ychwanegau i gyd. Because we don't have anybody who can play the role. Andrew Aigomes don't all right tonight. Scud y greu fricic, which was good. Won the game, but is he a real like for life? Fy that the lion of the cor, I know he isn't. Ym hyn yw'r maen nhw'n rhaid i eich symud o'r ffordd to find somebody who can play that role. And again for me and I might just be it might just be wishful thinking. But. Mae'n yn fwyaf o'r gwaith a'n gallu'n gilydd y teimlo i'n fwyaf i'r per signals, a i'n siarad wrth anfer. Mae'r ysgol yn y gwellio o hyn o gweithio iddynt i'w virus oherwydd i gael y gweithio'n gweithio. Cezer oherwydd hanfawr dw i'w clys. Ond yn cyhoedd o'r gweithio'n gweithio'n byw. Maen nhw'n mynd i'n yrhwng, mae'n gwaith ar gyfer hefyd, gan gweithio'n gweithio. Maen nhw'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. just cancelled each other out if we're being totally truthful about it you know crystal pal I said a way of playing that was a very defensive side to you know and look to spring on the counter attack and evident for me at times we're just a little bit too directed on the call of the loon when we did get it down knock it around and got it through the midfield we looked much much better we just don't do that enough there's it's like a hot potato sometimes and some of our I have to say some of our passing is awful at times it really is we get into good positions and we can't make a five yard pass we over hit it under hit it or certainly we did do tonight and what we really needed tonight was our wingers to to be fired and I think Jack Harrison was the comfortably the better of the two I think Dwight McNeill had a really poor game tonight um Harrison was trying to to be bright and and running direct but even he some of his decision making he keeps over a ball too long and we just couldn't really create anything for Don uh I've known Andre Gomez had the first real shot at a game after about 90 seconds he done really well cutting and and had the shot where he's left up but it was straight at Sam Johnston in the palace goal and the other shot really that we had on target in that first half come from Dominic Calvert-Lewin who you did well um pulled away and and drove a shot against Sam Johnston equal to he pushed it round the post for a corner and a lot of times Everton got into decent areas but it was the final ball or Chris the Palace defended it really well there was a couple of a couple of fouls early on that Everton committed and I was just surprised that certainly my guy who I can only think that his girlfriend wife or partner had had an argument with him about bollocked him before he left south London to come up and play because he was a cry ass all night someone's definitely warmed him up and he was just using it to moan at the referee even when palace players committed a blatant foul he ran 50 yards to moan at the referee but yet he had Virginia in the Everton goal made a good save I think it might have been from Eze in the first half or Slop coming in at the back post he tipped it over the bar whenever we really should have dealt with it a bit better but made a good save there and like I say Palace where he couldn't get Eze into the game enough from their perspective but when he got it he was the one that looked like he would do he could do something he had another good rubber itters shot straight at jav Virginia where maybe he'll think he should have done a little bit better but Everton did go ahead just before half time and Jefferson Learmer who'd I think it was Learmer who'd put a couple of tackles in and jumped through the air and it looked like he was out of control now obviously vea iawn with the look of it and all that the referee booked him give a free kick away on the edge of the box and Evan having scored a free kick had gone to some park for five years but Andre Gomez didn't let that to tear him and he stepped up with the ball over the wall at the inside of the post and went in the other corner Sam Johnston comfortably beaten to give Evan the lead just before half time come out for the second half and again the game kind of just pitted away a little bit both teams like I said before cancelled each other out both defended decently or when got in when both either side kind of got into that final third after a good little pattern of play the next ball or the you know the opportunity to make the pass they made the wrong choice or the hung on too long on the smother the smothered out of him both teams were guilty of doing that uh crystal palace certainly way Roy Hudson kind of give Evan a bit of a leg up after I just over the hour mark by taking Eze off who was palace's chief threat really the crystal palace fans who've made the trip were not happy and the old shout of you don't know what you're doing were directed at Roy Hudson he brought five players on for crystal palace over a few minutes and to try and give them a little bit of impetus in the game didn't really work Everton like I've said before got into good positions over one corners and just couldn't capitalise on them and then Sean Dyche brought Lewis Dobbin on late on in an attempt to give Everton some fresh legs as well I personally thought the manager waited too long to make change I think better should have been on a lot earlier he brought him on with four minutes to play I had to brought him on earlier there was Anna Danjuma didn't get off the bench Chimitty was warming up need didn't get on and the game was petering out and then we got into we had opportunities Dwight McNeill at the shot that was blocked Lewis Dobbin screwed the shot wide when well placed Dominic Calvert-Lewman before he went off rushed the shot after a good face touch and on counter attacks Jack Harrison held on to him on far too long when he could have just played Dominally or reversed it to Dwight McNeill and like I said before that kind of was the theme of tonight but Crystal Palace come to life the fourth official put six minutes of stopper's time up I'm not quite sure where he got six minutes from but he put that up and that kind of kicked Palace into a little bit of life and they had two really good opportunities in stopper's time and Diolch yn ysbytyniad has made a brilliant save ball across the box Mateta went up for it and I'm not sure I haven't seen it again I don't know whether it was slop or someone was coming in at the far post and it looked like he'd equalised and he spread himself he'd done the old starfish of Peter Schmichael and made an incredible point blank save and then he died bravely at the feet of might have been Mateta again to smother that one as evidence smuggled it away and he's come up big and Javaging who's replaced Pickford last couple of you know the two palace games in the cup kept two clean sheets and that's really all he can do and everything is through the face looting time like I said before and again that is all that matters I've not listened to Shaun Dita's interview I've uh since I got in I will do in a bit but I'm sure he's delighted that we've got through and it's momentum building we need a little bit of good news we've kept the clean sheet we're in the next round we've won a home game and that's good gotta try and build that that feeling of good at some park and and make it so the opposition feel like we are good at home and that's that's all we can do tonight. It's a match for me I thought James Sarkovs gave the good game I thought James Garnett did decently I thought Michel Enco again another strong display but I'm gonna know Andre Gomez was decent and got the match winner but I'm gonna give it to Javaging for those saves at the end and particularly that one I thought his handle was decent his kicking could have been better he rushed a little bit but that save at the end was a match win and save and he therefore just about scraped it from maybe Andre Gomez for his goal or decent performances from from like the players I've mentioned so there you go let me know what you think in the comment section below give the video a thumbs up and subscribe to the channel if you haven't thanks for watching see you later


Telecenter.org is committed to engage a large number of telecenters from around the globe to become hosts of the summit. So the idea is basically transform the telecenters prior to the event and during the days of the event in Costa Rica into a place where young people can gather and discuss the main issues that the summit is presenting to the young people to talk about. And during the days of the summit what we're going to try to do is to bring some of those comments ideas and suggestions from our community to be known by the attendees in Costa Rica. But in addition to that I think the community and the foundation has been discussing what else we can do. And I think that when we invite people to discuss topics in a telecenter and in particularly when these topics are connected and related to an event such as this. We create a lot of expectations and we are going to have a lot of young people excited and interested in doing more. So we're trying to also find ways to make sure that whatever ideas are coming up out of these discussions will have an opportunity to transform into activities or real projects. We the telecenter community is basically run by millions of young people. Those people in charge of connecting their communities with the benefit of technology are for the most part young people. And I think for us it's very important that the rest of the world learn about this. There is a huge community out there an incredible number of people out there young people really making the difference in the life of even more millions of people who otherwise will not have any opportunities to know and learn what technology can do for them. So we're very excited to be part of this. And I myself have been invited also to attend the Costa Rica Summit and at least one or two days I'm going to be the person connecting the community of telecenter directly with the daily activities in Costa Rica. In terms of the demographic we have invited representatives of each of the five regions where we work with. So we are expecting to have representation from Asia, Africa, Europe and certainly from Latin America. I think the number one topic of discussions for young people today is what are going to be their jobs. That is what is sort of a driven the search, the time that they spend on the telecenters that are all looking for better opportunities, better training and to find a new job, a better job or to create a new job. It's a great deal of a very rich level of discussions that is increasing this concept and notion and understanding of entrepreneurship among the telecenter community. And young people once again are taking the lead on this. So they're not happy with the model that they see every day out there. They don't necessarily want to go and work in the traditional things that they see or their families have went through. They're really thinking and creating their own businesses and creating their own jobs. Lastly, I think just because it's a regular discussion and this is also something that we are doing with ITU, we are going to bring a lot of new ideas regarding to how we can improve the opportunities for women and young girls in the space of technology. I think we still have to see more of the real contributions. It's a good number of activities and projects out there. They're promoting the participation of young girls and technology projects. But I think it's a lot of more work that needs to be done. And we would like to contribute with some suggestions of how we can bring the stakeholders to collaborate and create the right frameworks to allow young women to be excited about working in technology. I think the key factor and one of the key messages that I want to bring to the participants in Costa Rica is that it's great that they have the opportunity to be there and be part of such an important global event. But the reality is that a huge number of young people with the same level of talent and aspirations and dreams do not have the same opportunities. And we want to make sure that they have the power to create new conditions that will allow in the future for those young people who are now disconnected. They do not own a cell phone. They do not have the opportunity to go to a telecenter or attending a library to have one in the future. And the only people who can actually change these very uneven situations is the new generations. But they need to be aware and our mission as a telecenter community is to make sure that more young people, especially those who have the power to transform things are aware that people like them in other places are missing all these opportunities. And to bring these technologies and create these opportunities is not that difficult. So we have the technology, the knowledge, the resources. We just need to create the right frameworks. And I think young people in the future can contribute significantly to achieve that. I think ITU, in particular with the work that has been prepared for the summit, is doing a very interesting thing in terms of creating a completely different strategy for the discussions and the event. And I think there is a very good opportunity that we will be able to make sure that the energy of the young people will last longer and that we're really going to go back to their countries with more clear guidance of what they need to do and who are the others and the other side of the planet who are thinking like them and they could become their partners or their supporters and initiative and activities. I think as long as we entities behind the summit are able to very generously and openly share what we know, especially the things that we know don't work with the young generations. The youngster will be able to do what they do best, which is come up with new ideas, fresh ideas, things that are going to change the equations of how a lot of these issues that we try to solve are behaving. So I think they have the power today to really transform a lot of these situations and make a lasting impact on them because more than ever before, they have the opportunity to really be well connected across the planet. And I think that's one of the key issues. And I was reviewing some data no long ago about in 1992, for example, for me to coordinate a project with people in another country. It will roughly take me a month, you know, because we were using fax machines and the email was just picking up. But a lot of people don't even have an email account at that time. And then roughly in one month, you have some kind of a plan. Today, young people, people who are, you know, 18 to 25 today, they are able to put together initiatives online in a couple of hours, which is a huge jump in terms of the opportunities that what you can achieve because you have these tools, because you have technology, because now they can walk around, be anywhere and be connected with their peers. I'm really hoping that after the summit, we will see a lot of more creative and more efficient expressions of how we are going to use the power, the communication offered to the young generations to tap into important issues and more importantly, allow the young people to really make those changes.