How's it going everybody? Dato Doi here with another Dragon Ball FighterZ video. This time around we're going to be taking a look at the recently released Switchport of the game. Now as somebody that's been following Dragon Ball FighterZ since it was first revealed to the general public, a Switch release was definitely high on the things I saw a lot of fans asking for. And that's why I'm so happy that I'm able to say that they nailed the transition from consoles and PC to Switch. During my playtime with the Switch there were a lot of times when I just completely forgot which console I was on. And this is coming from somebody that plays on the Xbox One and PC versions of the game fairly frequently. Pretty much everything available to you in the other versions of the game can be found within the Switch version. Everything from the lobby to the game modes to even the online runs pretty much identical to the game's counterparts. And the thing that really shocked me when I first started playing was just how good the game looked on Switch. Obviously the Switch gets a bad rap for when games are ported over they kind of lose some graphical qualities, but it's clear that the team here took a lot of time and effort to make sure that the game looked just as good across all of the versions of the game. Which is important because I feel like a lot of the fun from Dragon Ball FighterZ comes from seeing these really heavily referenced cinematic moves. And I'm also really happy to say that the unique selling point of the Switch of being able to take it on the go does apply here for FighterZ as the game runs just as good and looks just as good when the Switch is undocked. This is probably the part that shocked me the most. Me and my friend just popped it right out of the console and then went to a different room and played the game. And it was just like we were playing it on the big screen. And albeit of course we were hunched over looking at a tinier screen. But overall I found the experience of playing undocked was pretty fun. I'm not sure when I'll ever use this feature myself personally, but who knows maybe if I ever take the Switch on a camping trip, this would be a good thing to bust out with six controllers and play 3v3 locally. And speaking of controls now we can get into the somewhat dicey part of this port. Now if you're somebody that plays fighting games a lot like me, you probably heard that Dragon Ball FighterZ was coming to the Switch and your first thought was oh man I really need to buy an adapter. These Joy-Cons really aren't the first thing that come to your mind when you think intense fighting games. And unfortunately that thought is for good reason as during my time playing with the Joy-Cons I kept thinking that I would rather be using any other controller, but I do feel that after a while I did get the hang of them and I could pretty much do any combo I could normally do, just some of the technical stuff was really getting away from me on these Joy-Cons. Now something that I will totally stand up for is that the experience of playing on only one Joy-Con turned on its side was actually surprisingly good. I'm not saying it's better than using a controller, but I thought this was going to be the worst part of the experience by far. Popping these out and playing with a friend undocked and we each only got one, I'm surprised at how smooth the experience was. I do feel like this is partly due to how Dragon Ball FighterZ lays out its controls, everything is available to you with the click of either one button or two buttons, and then you'll have those two bumpers on top of the controller to call and assist, and the whole thing feels really streamlined. Now again, I'm not saying this is better than playing with a normal controller or a fight stick, but I am saying that if you want to do 3v3 with some friends, having six of these controllers is probably the best way to go about it. And one last thing I want to talk about on controls is the Switch version is the only version of the game to have a simple command list, and I really don't get the purpose of this at all. And to me, this is the furthest thing away from simple, it turns the whole game on its head, now you have to hold directions and buttons in order to get simple commands like Super Dash and Dragon Rush to come out. I'm really not sure who the target audience for this is, I mean quarter circles are the basic building block of fighters, they shouldn't really be too hard, and really it would only take a couple seconds to learn, probably even less time than learning how to master all these commands. If you want to Super Dash normally, you hit two buttons at the same time, same thing for Dragon Rush, and on here you have to memorize which direction to hold and which button it is. I don't know, maybe that's just me having so much experience with the normal controls, but the simple control mode just felt like a bust to me. Another negative that comes to mind is when loading into popular lobbies, there is a lot, a lot, a lot of stuttering, more so than any other version of the game that I've played. The loading screens on the Switch are also far from the best, there will be times when you'll just be stuck on this black screen for a decent while, about equal to the Xbox One in my experience. And of course, let's finish up by talking about the online of the game, it's pretty much just the same as the other versions, it's delay based, so it's gonna depend on how you and your opponent connect to each other, how far away you are, etc. But I found that it did work pretty effectively, although the number at top seems to lie more than any other version. For example, this match shows two frames, but it was definitely a little more than that, it felt like the system was chugging. But for every one bad game I found five other great ones, so the Switch version gets a pass from me there as well. Guys, overall I feel like the Switch version has gone far and above my expectations for it. I'm gonna be honest, I was totally expecting this to crash and burn, you know, my experience with Switch ports in the past hasn't been the best obviously, but man, I'm just super excited that the game looks so good on the Switch, and it runs well undocked, which I'm sure is the main reason why a lot of people are going to pick this version up anyway. So guys, if you were hoping to get the Switch to run it offline and undocked and just have a way to play Dragon Ball FighterZ on the go, I would say the Switch version is a massive success, and I would definitely recommend you pick it up. And of course, just at the end here, just in case, if you didn't like Dragon Ball FighterZ on PC, Xbox, or PS4, you're probably not gonna like it on the Switch, it's pretty much just the same game. I know that sounds pointless, but just in case anybody watched this one was like, alright, I'll give it one more chance. Anyway guys, that's gonna do it for this video. Hopefully you guys can get your hands on the Switch version one way or another and try it out for yourselves. Let me know down in the comments if you have the game and what you think of it so far and what your experience has been. I'll be down there as always. And hey, while you're down there, if you liked this video and want to support the channel, make sure to hit the like button and subscribe, and hey, maybe click on another video or two. They should be on your screen right about now. Thank you so much guys, I'm Dr. Doia, and I'll see you in the next video.


Last week we analyzed a downloader that was delivered via a ZPAC archive. We decrypted the downloaded file and afterwards we unpacked the payload. This payload is a topic for today. We are going to extract the configuration and to do that we are going to de-opfuscate payload. Let's continue with our analysis of the injected payload. I've cleaned up the desktop a little bit. All of our files that we previously had and looked at are now in the analysis folder. And I added another tool called shed which I'm going to try on this sample here. Let's actually rename this because we know it's the injected payload. Let's name it payload. And let's iterate a little bit more about the strings that we see here because when checking this file first we see it has a lot of encrypted strings and a lot of strings that indicate some kind of obfuscation. So we will have to de-opfuscate this. And if you open it in the N-Spy you will also see that the code is barely readable. But there are some strings that are still not obfuscated like this. And since here we have username, password, host. The other thing I see are these. These are very typical of NetReactor. So I'm going to assume that this is NetReactor obfuscated. And we also have strings here that seem to belong to some kind of config. So we can check these and see what they contain. So what they point to in the code. This is quite interesting. So here in the N-Spy you see the obfuscation mess. So it's pretty ugly trying to find something in this code here. We could already look at the plaintext strings that we found. Something like keylogger we see here. Enable keylogger that is here. I want to know where this is set. So I go to analyze assigned by. And it's set in the cctor method of jre class. And here is some mess of functions to which determine the value of the keylogger. Plus we have a switch case statement here. It's some control flow obfuscation. And I would really love to know what the values of all of these are. For instance also the telegram API. Let's see if we find any of those. It seems to be the config. Firstly I would like to try shed. What is shed? That's a way to dump and trace objects from .NET modules or .NET assemblies. And we see here what we should probably try is a minus minus exe option to check our file. Take our payload and we also set a timeout. Something like 30,000 probably alright. 3,000. I'm not so sure. Let's make it 30,000. And see what happens. I'm also checking it here. What we see now shed is running the payload exe. We just got to wait until it's done. So that was a whole hell lot of output here. And we actually could try shed on the injectors and see if it just dumps our module that we had there. When you scroll up you see quite some interesting strings. We see some references to the Thunderbird, Mozilla profiles and other interesting data. So it looks pretty much like a stealer. Also here data of various browsers. Here is a file that let's see if it's still running. I guess it's fine but we could check if this was being created on our system. Doesn't look like it. Here's some email clients, more browser data string. And here we have Telegram API and a user agent. So this is very likely part of the config that we just saw. You can check the result. It will create a folder named results with a number here. I think that's a PID. And here you also see the output log again. In case you want to find things, also a little bit more detailed I guess. Let's find the Telegram API it is. So these seem to be the resolved strings from the config because we see stuff like false, 23, these look like they belong to the config. But actually if I want to know the exact config it would be better to be able to assign those to the variables here. So I want to know what kind of string is assigned to let's say startup directory path. Okay it says one. But to all of these screen intervals, the 20 maybe that we saw there we don't know yet. So how do we do that? Now I said this looks pretty much like netreactor to me. And because of that we are using a tool named netreactor slayer. That's this one here. So we execute the help for that. We can simply execute this with our assembly file. So let's do that. Let's just take all of the options you see here. The standard options and how you can change them. So in brackets the default option is stated. So all of these are generally set to true unless you specify it otherwise. So let's add payload and see what it does. So payload underscore slayed. That's the new one. And in terms of the application flow this looks already better. So here we already see some of those options. Let's see where they are set. But this didn't work. So this file is the de-opposicada mess something up here. Because this was there before this method. See it said it couldn't find any encrypted methods so it didn't decrypt methods. So I don't think it has to do with that. But let's try to actually use some of those options to fix this. The thing is if we execute this it will probably crash. So let's see. And you could see briefly that it's calling the Windows error reporting. So this one crashed. So we have to tweak this a little bit. Let's see how we can tweak this. I think I will need the window alongside of the other. So what I would like to do is let's try to keep the obfuscator types and the metadata tokens and the old stack value. Because then we should still have all of the de-opposcation happening but not delete as much as we would delete before. So same thing. Let's try to find those again. It looks better. That looks way better. We recognize that this is set statically and replaced this with a call to this method here. So just like before, that's interesting because it obviously gets the string from an encrypted resource. Is it encrypted? Is it this one? Show in hex editor. Yeah, this is encrypted. That is also encrypted. Anyways, this is helping us. We could now manually decode this but it's also still a little bit of a hazard. So I figured let's try if we run another pass of netreactor if it can solve this now because it looks like a basic obfuscation. And let's just try this and I'm going to rename this. I'm not sure if it's causing problems if there's already a slate in the end. payload underscore two. And I didn't specify any options here because I figured now it looked quite clean. All of these cctorn methods were gone and it throws an unexpected error while decrypting resources. So maybe that's not a problem. And that is interesting because it decrypted additional strings where before we had just one or two strings here. There are now a lot more so it was able to do some more decoding. I wonder if it runs now by the way. Let's see. Let's see if this messes something up or if it works. It doesn't seem to crash. That's for sure a good sign and it's just running now. Okay, let's kill it because it seems to work well. And let's see if this did the trick. There's some control for obfuscation. It's not too bad though. And that did the trick. That's awesome. Now we got it. We have the whole config here in plain text and know what each of these values do because conveniently the names are still intact so we know what this is supposed to mean. So this is it already. I hope you learned something. If you have any questions let me know and see you next time. And as usual I put a link to those binaries in the description of the video below so check it out. If you want to learn Java analysis from the ground up then check the link in the description below. There's a link to my Udemy course for beginners. It contains 11 hours of video content and the link is the coupon link. That's a little bit cheaper for you than buying it from Udemy itself. So check it out and maybe I see you there.


stop allowing wounded men to take advantage of you so we I keep running into this scenario with women in our community where they come up and they're like oh well there's this guy and he's really great and he's so amazing and he's awesome but he had this thing that happened in this past and these this woman really hurt him and so he's kind of scared of a relationship and so I don't want to freak him out so I'm not pressuring him to get into a relationship but we're having sex and we're you know doing all these other things and I'm just gonna hang out and wait until he gets better or I'm gonna try to fix him or I'm going to you know help him out and work with him and try to figure out what's going on with him and this almost never works out because what ends up happening is when you try to do this with a guy who's really wounded what happens is that one of the big motivations that men have for kind of healing themselves and figuring themselves out and getting a lot of their emotional and mental things worked out and figured out is that they want to get into a relationship they want to be connected with a woman they want to feel loved they want to have that nurturing feminine energy around them and so they'll end up healing themselves and figuring themselves out and getting their stuff together for a woman or for the possibility of getting into a relationship with a woman so if you're giving a man all of those things without him needing to fix himself beforehand what ends up happening a lot of times is that a guy will end up never fixing those things because he doesn't have that goal anymore he doesn't have that need to do it because he's already getting his needs taken care of so if you're falling in love with a man's potential but he's not giving you what you want right now you're in for a really rough time and you need to stop doing that


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor education. Well, by now you probably realize that construction problems in geometry is kind of my favorite, just because it really develops your creativity and analytical thinking, et cetera. So, it's very important for you to listen to this lecture prepared, which means you have to really go to the website and look through the notes to this lecture where all these problems are presented to you. Think about them and try to solve them yourselves. They're not really difficult at all. Basically, solving them is the main purpose. What I'm doing right now is just suggesting my personal solution to these problems, whatever I come up with, which might actually be the same as yours, might be different. But in any case, again, the purpose of the whole exercise is for you to think about these problems. Even if you didn't really solve the problems, listen to the lectures, and when it's finished, go again through the problems and try to remember at least my proof or solution and repeat it again, at least once. So, it will inculcate in your mind that there are certain approaches which we are using and it will help you in the future for the next problems. Again, creativity and analytical mind. That's the development which we're looking for. Okay, now thanks for listening to this and let me go to the problems. Construct a quadrangle by two diagonals, two sides with the common vertex and an angle formed by two other sides. Okay, so we have it. Let's just analyze. Quadrangle. So, two diagonals. We have AC, we have BD, two sides with the common vertex. Well, let's say these two sides, AB and BC and an angle formed by two other sides and this angle, which is angle ADC. Okay, these are given. We have to construct the quadrangle. Well, let's just think about if both sides and this diagonal are given, we can definitely construct the triangle ADC. Now, that's basically half the job, right? Now we have to find where is the point D, which would satisfy both. The BD should be equal to whatever BD is given and the angle ADC would be again given. But let's just do it this way. Obviously, the locus of all points D with the distance from B equals to whatever is given is obviously a circle with the center at point B and the radius equal to BD. So, that's one locus and then another locus are all the points from which the segment AC is visible at certain angle, which is also given, which is kind of an arc, if you remember. From the previous lecture, it's an arc. So, by combining these two locuses, whatever the intersection between them is, that's the solution, that's where point D is supposed to be located. So, this is part of basically analysis, finished. Now, let's do the construction. By three sides, AB, BC and AC, AC, AB and BC, we build this triangle, this is ABC. And then, using the center at B and the radius BD, we draw one circle, this is the center and the radius is equal to BD. And using AC segment, we build a locus of points from which, this is an arc, from which AC is visible at this angle. So, all points on this arc have the same property. They are all congruent to this angle. And we know how to do it. If you don't go to the previous lecture, that's where I explain it. So, intersection of these two circles, in this case, I have two intersections. Basically, both satisfy our quadrangle. So, it's either ABCD or ABCD prime. So, both quadrangle have the same angle and the same second diagonal. That's it. That was easy. Now, if you didn't catch it for whatever reason, if I'm too fast, send me an email. I'll try to be more specific in the return email if you want to. Okay. Given three points on the plane, construct a line that contains the first point, such that the distance between the perpendicular to this line from two other points equal to a given segment. Okay. So, we have to find a line, three points, A, B and C are given. We have to construct the line in such a way that these two perpendicular DE equals some kind of a given segment. So, DE is given. That seems to be easy. Let's draw a line, let's analyze the game. Consider the line is there. Obviously, this, if AF is parallel to DE, and these are two perpendicular, then obviously DEFA is a rectangle. Now, let's think about AFB triangle. What do we know about it? AB is given because points A and B are given on the plane. And AF is obviously equal to DE because this is a rectangle. So, in this right triangle, we know the casualties, AF and hipogenous, which means we can build it. Now, that's basically it. Analysis is finished. The construction itself is the following. So, if you have two points A and B, and this segment, so you built a right triangle by, well, it's not exactly right. That probably would be better. AF. You built the right triangle with AF casualties equal to our segment, and AB is a hipogenous. Now, we know, now this is point C. Now, we know that the line is supposed to be parallel. So, we just draw a parallel line to AF. And that's the line which we need. Because if you will go with perpendicular, obviously we will get this DE. The distance between perpendicular is equal to AF, which is equal to DE. So, what was the constructive element in this particular problem? Draw a line AF parallel to the line which we need and construct this particular triangle because you know all the elements of it. By the way, all construction problems are like that. You cannot really build exactly what is required immediately.  Right now, we have reduced the problem of drawing the line to the problem of drawing a triangle, right triangle, for which we know everything, and then the line will be parallel to the casualties. Inscribe a triangle with two given angles into a given circle. So, well, this is actually something which I probably have to talk about a little bit. If you know the angle, let's say you know angle A and angle B, and you know the circle into which this triangle is inscribed. Basically, what you know is you know the side opposite to this angle because no matter how you draw this angle inscribed this angle into a circle, let's say this way and this is the same angle B prime. No matter how you inscribe it, you will always have exactly the same lengths of the cord, which is connecting the end points of an arc supporting this. Why? Well, obviously, because this angle is always inscribed angle, is always half of the central angle, and central angle, therefore, is the same. In this case and in this case. So, if angles are the same, if inscribed angles are the same, then the cords which connect the arc supporting this angle are always the same. Now, that means that if angle is given, then the cord is given. So, if you have, let me just draw it again, so if you have two angles, let's say ABC angle BCA, these two angles. If these two angles are given, then it's very easy to get the cords which are opposite to these angles. How? Just draw any angle in this circle and inscribe any angle. Any cord here, and using this angle, put another cord, and if this is an angle equal to ABC, then this is a cord which is equal to this one. And same thing with this angle. Again, take any other point, let's say this point, and inscribe the angle which is congruent to BCA. Let's say it's this angle. Then the cord would be exactly the same as this cord, because all cords in the same circle which support congruent angles are congruent among themselves. So, the construction is very simple, that's why. You have a circle and you have a couple of angles. From the angles you derive two segments, one side and another side. One would be AC and another would be AB. Now, knowing these two sides, the situation is very simple. Just have any point, use one side and use another side. And that's your triangle. So again, knowing an inscribed angle in this circle is equivalent to knowing a cord which supports this particular angle. Because all inscribed angles in the same circle which are supported by the same arc are congruent, and if they are congruent, then supporting arcs are congruent. Arcs and angles are always going together. I mean, arcs and inscribed angles supported by these arcs. Angles are equal, arcs are equal or congruent. All right, circumscribe a triangle with two given angles around a given circle. Okay, now instead of inscribing, we have to circumscribe a triangle. So we have a circle and we have a couple of angles. So we have angle BAC and angle ABC. So you know these two angles. How to construct a triangle? Knowing the circle of this. Well, as you know, if this circle is inscribed into an angle, then the center is supposed to be located on the bisector of this angle. Same thing here, right? Now, what does it mean? Well, it basically means that you can start from, let's say, construction. You can start from, let's say, choosing tangent to this particular circle. And then from the center, you draw a segment under the angle equal to half of this one from ABC. And to this side, we draw a segment under this angle, which is half of BAC. Since we know these angles, we know they're halves, right? And that basically gives us two points. Now, from these two points, we just draw two tangents to a circle and that gives us the triangle. Now, I don't stop on something like how to draw a tangent from a given point outside of a circle because we have already covered that many times, so I'm not going to stop. If you need the clarification of this, go to the previous lectures and you can find it over there. These are trivial problems which I have solved once and use it basically as given. Construct a triangle by a radius of its circumscribing circle. Okay, triangle. You have a radius of a circumscribing circle, an angle and an altitude from the vertex of this angle. Okay, so you have the radius of a circle, which means you have a circle. You have an angle. And since you have an angle, as I was saying before, you can construct a chord actually. So you know the length of it. Well, not that you know, but you can derive actually the chord itself. And that's why what you can do, as far as the construction is concerned, you do the following. First, you determine the chord. Now, having the chord, you basically use it here. Here. Anywhere. Now, since you know an altitude, you just draw a line parallel to this one at this distance and here you have two solutions. One and two. Both triangles have the same height and the same angle which is given because they are supported by the same arc and they are inscribed into the same circle. Well, obviously if height is too high, if altitude is too big, then this parallel line goes outside and there is no solution. Or if it's a tangent, there is one solution. Inscribed into a given circle, triangle was given some of its two sides and an angle opposite to one of these. So, if you have triangle inscribed into a circle, let's say you have AB plus BC. Inscribed into a triangle with a given sum of its two sides and an angle opposite to one of these. And let's say you have this angle. Opposite to AB. All right. So you have this basically. Let's put it C prime. So BC prime is congruent to BC. So you have this segment AC prime and you have this angle. But look, again, again and again, if you have an angle and you have a circle where this angle is inscribed, it's equivalent to having a chord which supports this angle. So you can derive the value of AB.  So the construction is first using an angle derived with AB by basically putting an angle somewhere, as I was saying, doesn't really matter in the circle. And as soon as you inscribe this angle, you get the chord. So once you get the chord, all you have to do is subtract this length from the given length of the sum and you get the length of another side. So that will be A, that will be B, and that will be C. That's it. So I'm trying to be a little bit more specific what's the analysis and what's the construction. So maybe it will be just a little bit clearer that these are two independent stages, if you wish, of solving construction problems. First you analyze what and how you can construct and then you construct. Okay. Inscribe into a given circle a quadrangle with known side and two angles opposite to this side. That's the same thing basically. If you have a quadrangle, you have a side, let's say you have AB, and you have two angles opposite to each, which is B, C, D, and C, D, A. These two angles. What should we do about this? Well, knowing an angle again, knowing an angle again, you know the chord which supports this angle, which means diagonal. So you have one side and you have a diagonal. So that actually means that you can have in your circle the construction can actually be have this particular AB side anywhere. Then since you have this diagonal, you just use a compass. So if this is, let's say, B and this is A. Then from the B, using the radius of B, D, you just draw a circle and you've got point D. Now, similarly, since the D angle is given, C, D, A, you have this diagonal, AC. So again, using a compass A as a center and AC as a radius, you draw another and you have your C. And this is your quadrangle. So from the angles, we go to diagonals and having diagonals, one side and two diagonals, we just using these radiuses find these two points C and D. Well, if you have noticed almost all the problems in this particular series are related to this relationship between the inscribed angle and the quad. If you know the inscribed angle within a circle, you know the quad. I mean, you can derive the quad, you can construct the quad. And vice-versa, actually, because if you have a quad, just draw any angle inscribed which is supported by this quad and you have an angle. They're always together. Okay. Inscribe a circle into a given rhombus. All right. So if you have a rhombus, now you have to inscribe a circle. Now, if you remember, this circle is always when it's touching these both sides, these are perpendicular to the sides. So the center of the circle is at the crossing of the diagonals of the rhombus. That's obvious. Now, the radius is, well, you have to drop the perpendicular from the intersection of the diagonals onto any side, and that would be your radius. That's very simple, actually. Since it's rhombus, all these radiuses are the same. Inscribe three circles in a given equilateral triangle, such that each circle is tangent to two other circles and two sides. So if you have equilateral triangle, now you have to inscribe three circles in something like this fashion. So each of them, each of these circles is touching two other circles and two sides. Well, again, let's start from bisectors, angle bisectors, and that's where the centers will be located, right? Now, at the same time, you can obviously derive that these three bisectors will also pass through the tangential points of tangency between the circles. I don't want to interprove it. It's kind of obvious, and if you want, you can spend some time to prove this type of thing. It's very easy. Now, since this is true, then obviously all you need to do is to find the center and how to find the center. Well, consider this, for instance, angle. This circle is inscribed into this angle, which means it's supposed to be on its bisectors. And same thing with this circle. Not only it is on this bisector, but it's also on this bisector. And same thing here. So, by constructing three-angle bisectors, or medians or altitudes, they're all the same in the equilateral triangle. And then, from the midpoints, bisectors of these angles, you get the centers. Now, once you get the centers, the radius would be just drop of perpendicular to any side and you would get the radius. Well, that's it. This completes this particular lecture. As you saw, problems are not really very difficult. And I do encourage you to go through the problems again and try completely by yourself to construct whatever is necessary. Use the notes from Unizord.com. It's construction problems number 8, four circles. Don't forget that you can actually go through a much more well-controlled educational process by enrolling into a specific course. Then you can start basically taking exams. Parents or teachers are encouraged actually to do it with their students and check the results of the exam and make sure that your students are actually going through all the exams getting the maximum score available, which means actually they have mastered the material. Well, that's it for today. Thank you very much. Good luck.


When an atom has unequal numbers of electrons and protons it has a charge and then we call it an ion. In this video we're going to look at how you name these ions, why various ions have the charges that they do, and also look at some more complex ions that are made of several atoms joined together. First of all a bit of vocabulary. If an ion is just a single atom we call it a monatomic ion. This comes with the suffix mono meaning one. And if it's made from more than one atom joined together we call it a polyatomic ion because poly means many. And as you know the key feature of an ion is that it has a charge, it can be either positive or negative. If the ion has a positive charge then we call it a cation. And if it has a negative charge we call it an anion. First let's look at simple monatomic ions. Monatomic means made of one atom so a monatomic ion is simply an atom that has either lost some electrons and become a positively charged cation or it's gained some electrons and become a negatively charged anion. So here's our periodic table and I'm going to shade the elements that usually form positive ions in blue. This corresponds to the metals as well as hydrogen. Hydrogen can also form positive ions. And I'm going to shade those that usually form negative ions in orange. This corresponds to the nonmetals and also hydrogen. It's rare but hydrogen is able to form a negative ion. The white ones that are left over on the right hand side, the noble gases, they rarely form ions at all. I'm going to talk about those later. For our purposes here what you need to know is this. If a monatomic ion is positively charged then its name is the same as the neutral atom. This usually happens with metal atoms so when a sodium atom becomes an ion we simply call it a sodium ion. And you can have tin ions and uranium ions and iron ions. Hydrogen can also form positive ions as we've said and they would just be called hydrogen ions. If instead you have a negatively charged ion and this usually happens with the nonmetal atoms then you change this end of the name to ID, IDE. So the ion made from a nitrogen atom is called a nitride ion. An oxygen becomes oxide, fluorine becomes fluoride, sulfur becomes sulfide, tellurium becomes telluride and so on. Under certain conditions hydrogen can also form those negative ions and in this case it would be called hydride.