So I wanted to open this before we introduce ourselves with a quote from one of my favorite essays of all time. The optimal user is someone who does not want the burden of choice or feels they do not have the time to make their own decisions. It is for this person that the modern web is designed and it is this type of person the modern web encourages all of us to be. So this is from Zach Mandeville's essay The Future Will Be Technical. It's at coolguide.website. It's a really excellent piece of writing about sort of our relationship to modern technology and the way we exist online and the ways that it damages us. So starting from there, sorry I'm going to pull up my notes again. I'm going to have our panelists introduce themselves in a second, but just to kind of set the stage for our topic here. In the modern web and what we think of as web 2, everything has kind of these guardrails on it, right? Everything is simplified, our paths are clear. You have only so many options and this makes things easier, but it's also really disempowering. So I think that we all in this room probably agree that things like can and should be different. But what that means is still a little bit fuzzy, right? Like it's still left to be defined and there's even an argument to be made. I think that it shouldn't be defined so much as discovered, like in cooperation with the people that we're designing for. So with that, I'm going to invite the panelists to introduce themselves. Let us know, less interested in affiliation and more in sort of what you do, what your background is, and the kinds of people that you design for, who you think of as your users. Awesome. Hello. I am Scott. I co-founded Gitcoin back in 2017, I think. I'm trying to remember. It seems like a while ago now. I think for me, I actually don't come from, which is, I'm the outlier on this panel, like a defined background, but I do a lot of community design and think about the role of the community in participatory decision making, both in the context of the data that we run, but also in the process of things like quadratic funding, which are more about local first sort of community-led decisions for funding. And I think the quote that you mentioned is actually like very resonant to me, because the experience definitely I had growing up on the web, I think reflects that. And certainly was, I think like a, you know, I was at this era, I grew up in this era where I think it was just on the precipice of things like Facebook and all these big platforms, which I think I don't need to dive into the details on, like that we all know kind of have created this tension. And I sort of saw that magic of the internet disappear a little bit. And so I'm very hopeful that with the tools we're building here, we think about bringing that magic back and like kind of think about, you know, the weirdness of the internet as it used to be as something that we can actually like use in an empowering way within our own communities. So that's just what came to mind, but I'll leave it there. That's perfect. Take over. So guys, I'm Hester. I work as an independent UX researcher. I have a background in psychology and interaction design. And yeah, kind of do what is necessary at any given time. So I, yeah, I don't like sticking to a particular function or role too much. My kind of views, I think have been mostly influenced by my last five years or so at status. For those of you who are not familiar, it's one of the, I'd say one of the older projects in the space, but also an incredibly principled one on bringing privacy and security and participation to everyone by putting access to Ethereum onto a mobile phone, among other things. So that's kind of like what has in a way reeducated me or educated me in the first place about kind of the ignorance I had around like privacy and data I'd be giving up and kind of the trade-off that I was making for convenience. For context, I also spent a very short stint at the ads department of what is now Meta. And so I have a bit of a nuanced view on kind of the big bad wolf of social media companies as well, seeing problems as very systematic. So that's another lens I try to look at things from. I guess that's me. Rachel. Thank you. Yeah, my name is Rachel. I work at the Ethereum Foundation on the Privacy and Scaling Explorations team with Althea. My background is in fine arts. I went to school for sculpture and I was doing a lot of work related to, you know, how do people interact with objects and spaces and how can those interactions create conversation and communication. And it was also, I think, a time where I was exploring a lot of like how can you find metaphor to explain things in new ways. And that's what I relate to the work I do on the PSE team. We're working with developers who are creating zero-knowledge protocols and apps. The content is really abstract and complex, so a lot of my role is like spending time with developers or in conversations with Althea and other designers, other communicators and saying like how can we find ways to make this understandable or familiar so that more people can be involved in conversations around designing for ZK. And the users that we're focused on right now are a lot of other app developers and designers who want to be making their own products with the zero-knowledge protocols that our team is creating. Thank you. And I will also introduce myself, but I wanted to lead with you guys. So my name is Althea. As Rachel said, I also work on the privacy and scaling explorations team at the EF, but I lead communications there. I actually also have a fine arts background, but as a fine arts major, I really gravitated toward what most people would call crafts. So I was a ceramicist. I was really a potter because I just could never really enjoy or get my head around the idea of creating things for people to just consume. I wanted to create things that people would like use and have as a part of their lives and eventually destroy probably or give away or whatever that things that are not sort of there for money or to accumulate value or to just be pretty to look at, but things that really are part of your life, that you can build experiences around. So Rachel's kind of explained what PSE's user base is, but in terms of communicating with that user base, I have a similar kind of approach of wanting to put out things that people... We don't just want to market ourselves, right? That's not even a little bit what we do, but we want to educate people and invite people to be a part of this, to create stuff with us, to give us feedback, to help us iterate, and to just themselves become builders of the worlds that they want to live in. So this panel is ostensibly about user experience, but I think it has to start with kind of redefining what a user even is and maybe just throwing out the word user entirely because it kind of sucks for the way that we want to think about the people that are interacting with the things that we create, right? Like user implies this very passive thing. We make, you use, it's the sort of client-server model of like human interaction, and we expect as users to have our platforms sort of consume and parse and spit back out little packaged things that we can then process in this very simple and sort of deadening way, a little bit biased on all of this, obviously. But to think about users in a different way as being sort of more human, having like entire lives, minds, responsibilities, like capabilities, really requires a huge mental shift. It means thinking in a very different way about who's on the other end of whatever it is that you're working on. So I wanted to ask you guys, like, you've all come from more kind of traditional backgrounds, right? You didn't all start in Web 3, which is a term I hope to never use again in this conversation, and I'm sorry, I hate it because it defines itself against the thing that it's trying not to be, right? We want Web 3 to be something a lot better than like Web 2 with a blockchain on it. Like those foundations are just broken. We don't want to build on them. We want to rebuild them. So coming from the backgrounds that you did, what have been some of the challenges or like the things that you've had to really unlearn or rethink or reimagine as you've been coming into this new space and like coming with this new approach? I think for me the biggest learning is probably being that, so before I even did anything in, I'll say crypto, I love 3, like my work was actually in more machine learning, which is very like much removed from the person, because I mean you have sort of this notion in machine learning of like working with people, but only in the sense that like people at some point made like training data that you're then kind of applying like at a much later point. So like people in the past like often like the far past did something. Now you're kind of drawing on that. I think with something like quadratic funding and what we're doing with Gitcoin, it's much more about like kind of, even the word agent isn't great, but like I'll use agent as compared to like algorithm. And I think what we're trying to do is like have people form kind of collective intelligence like at a given point in time where they're actually present and they're actually participating and they're actually making decision now for the future versus kind of using this previous past like training data. And I think that's one shift that's been really interesting for me to explore and I think it's been kind of exciting to see that like web crypto tends to be a lot more about like the idea of people being participants in a system even when they're just kind of providing signal or providing some kind of like aggregate information. But I think there's something deeper to that which is just like Simone Pop talks about this a lot too, also in the Gitcoin community. The idea of like kind of human thriving or like bringing your like whole self to something that you're doing. I think there's definitely even beyond just like I think the user experience kind of concept is a symptom of a broader way of framing like the interaction we have with like institutions or organizations which we sort of talk about like, oh, like, I guess we're sort of like a customer or we're like, you know, one, we have one facet of ourselves in the conversation. But I think it's actually much more important for us to think about like how do we start to bring more of ourselves to the institutions that we're building and then how the institutions change as a result of that. So I'm kind of partly thinking of this in the context of like this shift from algorithm to agent, which isn't entirely correct but is it's one thing I'm interested in. And then I'm also thinking of it in terms of like kind of bringing like one part of the elephant and that's sort of like blind man and the element analogy to like actually trying to look at the whole elephant and look at the whole picture of each person that's in the community to better kind of serve them in the institution. Thanks for mentioning the word future. Because that wasn't my cue to my notes. I was like, oh yes, future. That's what I wanted to say. No, I always have this because we were talking about like users, what defines users and in UX and design like this is like always eternal ongoing debate, right? Users versus human centered versus like the creators. There's a lot of different labels that you can give and a lot of different views on it. Yeah, I have my own but I think my most critical insight relates more to how we define UX, which like traditionally coming from a psychology cognitive psychology background was always focused on the usability side. Like how efficient can we get people through flows or we providing the right information but it was never focused around the future context. And to me that's that's been pretty eyeopening to the extent that I actually looked looks up the official kind of ISO definition of UX, which actually does include like context and long term impact of what your experience is when you're using something. And yeah, to me it's been most most interesting to see how the systems that we're building require us to think beyond these basic flows to talk in design language to what is is going to come to do for people in the future. Be it the like the initial users or indirectly their context, their environment. Yeah, I'll leave it at that. Right, no, there was one thing I wanted to say it occurred to me just now how interesting it is that we are sitting here talking about participation design and like reminder, open chair. You really just wanted the water didn't you? We have to share a mic if somebody comes up. That's okay. Hey guys, I'm Dino from Denbar World. And actually one of the I've been with my team, we have some people here. We've been building products since 2013. And we got into Web 3 in 2017 probably. And one of the huge issues that we always had with products is user experience, right? And the thing that we have with Web 3 right now is that it's very hard to get those Web 2 people into Web 3. So what do you use? You use the tools that we have already like email and password, right? And we're trying to make it really secure to get those people in a secure and known for them manner to get into our products. So a little bit nervous, I'm sorry. So we have created a model where you can create an account with user name and password. And we are smart wallets, which means we're built on top of smart contracts. And we're able to get the private keys and put it on the browser and put it on the backend. So we have like two different private keys. And this way we're able to get something they already know and to put it in our product. We don't want to change, like we're not able to come with something like very different. It doesn't make any sense to come with something very different and educate people how to use it. We're using things that they already know. And the other point is that basically Web 3 and the blockchain is not, it's complex. And one of the things that we've been working on is explaining transactions in a human-friendly way. So you're assigning something and we're explaining exactly what you're assigning. So there is no bothering, right? And basically this is the little keys of our product. Of course we have very smart people and they've been working on their interesting things. And the wallet itself works with abstraction. So we're taking advantage of all those beautiful things that we have from the smart contracts in general. But this is why I actually attended this talk because that's the most important part. Like to get the Web 2 users and bring it on Web 3. That's the whole thing in here. So we have created a product that my mom can use easily. So she has an email, right? And our point here is to create an account securely into Web 3. So yeah, awesome. Go ahead. So you're talking about privacy, security, and I think that ties in to actually your work, Rachel, pretty deeply. How do you think about explaining that stuff to users? That just seems very difficult, especially with ZK especially. It's even on its own complicated. But if you want to respond to that first. So when I joined the team, that's where my head was. Like, wow, this stuff is so weird. How do I explain it to my parents? How can we make these apps that my friends and family can use? And I was very stuck in that head space. And it took me a little while before I realized that that was a misdirection for us and our team specifically. Because we're making public goods. What we want to do is we want to make protocols that other people can build with. We want to create proof of concept applications that people can use that inspire them to build and to make. So I really liked also that. And thank you for being the first to join us, by the way. You're very brave. I'm not kicking you out. But if anybody else does want to come up, you know, that wasn't so bad, right? Yeah, come on. But I wanted to just like come back to a point that you made about using kind of... Well, now we've got another volunteer. The more the better, right? But about using kind of human readable language to describe these kind of complex processes. This is something that Rachel talked about in her presentation yesterday also. Yes, the stuff that's going on is complicated. But a lot of the times where you lose people is actually just in literally the language that you use to describe it.  But they don't know what a zero knowledge proof is. They don't know what a polynomial is, whatever it is that like putting that stuff into just more common language can go a long way. And it's something that I think we kind of forget that people do like to understand things. People like to explore. People are curious. So like to kind of empower people by helping them to understand what's going on and helping them to see the tools that are actually in front of them. So I think that that was a really like a powerful point. So thanks for that. And do you want to... Yeah, I just... Sorry, Scott, did you have something to... Okay, yeah. So just to build on what you were saying about complexity. Hi, I'm Nelly, Head of Adoption at IACSEC, one of the oldest projects in France. And well, I wanted to share my experience because I love mass adoption and inclusion and diversity in the space. And when I joined this project, this project was launched by researchers. We're doing blockchain confidential computing. And one of our first audiences was people looking for computing powers, data sets, applications. And it's a very technical, technical audience. And then my job is trying to bring like our technology to masses. But when you're doing it with oracles, confidential computing, you know, it's not as easy. So we came up with this thing. It's a new product. And it's about using confidential computing to protect our personal data. So the idea behind this is like, hey, our protocol is complex. And how can we make people identify with our product, with our features? So trying to sell oracles and, you know, trusted execution environments is hard. But we realize that the thing that was linking us to the audience is like, nobody identifies with computing power or oracles. It's really hard. But we all have an identity. We all have personal data. And what we're trying to do is like create, you create an avatar. And then you put all your personal data, email address, age, everything, you transform it using confidential computing, using confidential NFTs. And this is the way that now you're going to connect and access products and services in Wave 3. And then everybody can identify with hologram. All the gram is me. It's my personal data. I transform it and then I connect. So one of the things I learned, like try to find that feature, that narrative that really connects you with your audience, even if your project or your protocol is complex. Yeah, I think that's really important. Like finding something that people can connect to you or like see themselves in or that like Rachel said again in your presentation was just really good. I'm going to like reference it probably a few times.  Did you have something you wanted to add there, Scott?  I think it's really actually interesting to think about like education because we don't really like we don't actually educate users in a lot of we kind of do it implicitly in existing design paradigms where we're just kind of like, here's the flow and like then you walk through and by definition you've now understood what you're supposed to do. There's a lot of like pre-work that's I think required with like a lot of these products that like we're sort of touching on and like, I think there's the option of trying to reduce that. There's the option of trying to like have people that are identified with that. And so like just going back to like your like sort of first question, like how are we redefining what a user is? Like that part of participation is like being involved in kind of learning and growing and like educating and that's actually something that people I think are like often in the context of like using a product or being part of a community like sometimes uncomfortable with but it's really important to be able to do that. Yeah, definitely. So and that kind of leads me to and I hope that this one will also be interesting for you. Welcome.  How you inspire people to like to take responsibility for the actions that they take. Responsibility for you know giving the feedback that helps to shape a platform. Just responsibility for kind of curating the spaces that we create together. What are some of the other things that we think about when we're trying to like give that power to people and like inspire and expect them to make that contribution back. I can give you a quick response to that. No, I was thinking along the lines of the first two people that joined us up here that we were talking about language right to use language to help people understand what's going on and if we want to talk about participation design that to me is where the pivot is between users and participants. You need to know what's going on. You need transparency on the system in order to participate. So yeah, just like my line of thinking of the distinction between designing for users designing for participants. We need a lot more system transparency which also means we need to understand how these things work and especially designers need to understand how to bring it then to the surface and communicate it. But I'm very curious how you were going to bring up. Hi, my name is Germany, I like the country.  So one thing we really like to do is like help out the local community and kind of come back down to education and onboarding because in Tampa we have a diverse group of people, old, young. And one thing that kept coming up for us was before we started getting to like ZK Rollups or different networks in the crypto ecosystem in Web 3 I realized as we were doing these like really like educational classes we kept missing the initial principles in which I governed crypto. And so what I did was created this visual web and it has, starting in the middle which is a part that people forget to self-sovereign to me. So people ask me, oh, why are you here? I'm like, well, if you read the Bivocormap, what does it really mean? So that's in the middle and then it kind of breaks out into the trifecta and it goes into like trustlessness, consensus, proof of work, proof of stake, Ethereum. Then people start to understand like a rabble of oh, now I understand the greater hold. Now I see why we need ZK Rollups to get for that and I think that really helps in terms of what you were saying as well which is like education is key but education forms with like the principles versus really getting to like the bio-coded like, well, here's how we got to do this. We got to shard it like, no, we don't. So yeah, that's all I just like wanted to say with that. I thought it was interesting because education is really as important for that. I really want to see that visual. So I actually think I like posted this like open source. You know what can just download and use it for to teach people in your local neighborhoods or communities. Awesome. And sorry, what was it called? I have to like post it. It's like on like Kumo. I'll like share out whoever wants to connect after this and give you the link. Cool. Yeah, thank you so much for that. Rachel, did you have anything you wanted to add there? Well, yeah, I guess it's just so interesting to think about like we all, everyone who's talking right now is designing for different audience members but we're all thinking about education on different levels. So I just, I get stuck on this idea that I hear people, you know, say like, well, this has to be usable. Like this stuff is not approachable yet. And for me, it's like, that's okay. That's where we are right now. But like if we don't spend time like really educating ourselves, like the people who are making it and documenting our process and documenting our learnings, then like we're not going to get to that like endpoint that everyone's visualizing where like everything is really easy for anyone to use. So like Germany was saying about like creating these visual maps, creating these resources for people from different learning levels to onboard into the space. I think that's just really important. I really like that. And I think this is something that we forget a lot that like we are also users and participants and like all of these things were sort of the first participants. We are hopefully building in a way that we hope other people will continue to build. And so to kind of build for ourselves I think is not selfish, it's practice. It's like that's the first iteration and we learn what that learning process is like by having to model through it as we go. So yeah I think to sort of just as Rachel was saying like document those processes and really pay attention to what it's like for us to learn and for us to find that inspiration is really important and like really valuable. And we have a new friend. Super grateful to be here in the presence of everyone. My name is Sean. I'm working on a community owned and operated proactive healthcare system. So it's a Dow and this seems super aligned because in healthcare we think a lot about how we can co-create health experiences for people especially people combating stuff like chronic diseases have to have some sort of lifestyle change and it's quite interesting the parallels between web three where we have to basically design for a participatory experience because if the people involved the experience are not playing an active part in designing what they want to do in the sense autonomy in healthcare that helps people stick to whatever they're committing to do and in web three I think what we want to design and what we want is to let people come into our product or our community and then figure out how they intentionally with their own values missions fit in the community and we spend a lot of time figuring out how that looks like for a healthcare Dow and I'm curious to hear what your guys thoughts are on that kind of intentionality in community onboarding. I'll just quickly say I think there's definitely, thank you, yeah there's a huge challenge with anything to do with community which is what is the boundary of community, what is the community what is the goal of the community what is this, why are people there what is there how to start what were the principles behind that I think one of the challenges is always I think actually it's easier in some ways with a defined mission like you're talking about to rally people around something that in this case if it's a group of people that all have some amount of chronic illness I think there's a shared sort of kernel of similarity kind of congeniality between people by definition whereas with something like crypto I think maybe just not to go too off track we mean many different things by it lots of people in this room probably mean different things by it and so figuring out what those kernels are, what those core principles are like Germany said I think is really important as we think about not necessarily even boundaries but the sort of inclusion criteria in the community and that's important because you need to make sure that if someone is participating that they're doing to your point they're taking the responsibility doing the relevant work so it's a little bit of a tangent it's not directly answering the question but I think that's a really important discovery process for any new community yeah this is a conversation right I don't think you missed any questions no thank you where's Sean? it added a doubt for me in the framework of going from user to participation which is ownership that's in between and getting this sense of ownership and I don't know too much about the healthcare industry and how that's transitioning into letter based applications not sure what else to call it it's fine healthcare seems like an interesting case because that's where ownership ties to this very intrinsic you need ownership over your own body it makes it very tangible and if we want to expand ownership to communities you first need that sense of ownership over the community that you are impacted by decisions that are made the same by decisions that doctors would make over your own healthcare so it just added that question in my mind at least on how do you first create ownership over the community before you ask or try and incentivize people to participate in it starting to draw framework here I just want to add a quick point that with designing ZK stuff I feel strongly that I don't want people to feel polarized from being participants in creating the products that use zero knowledge like it sounds sciency or mathy and I think we have this like obligation to make it approachable so that people like people know what they want why do we have to only follow former models of saying like we'll figure out what they need and design for them when we could try something different where people can like co-create the experiences that they want Hi, my name is Manu and I'm one of the founders of Doing Good also a founding member of API 3DAO and a couple of other DAOs that I participate I really like the conversation however I have a couple of things that is bothering me quite a lot What's here? Yeah, most of us are here building tools as you said for ourselves but most of the people that are building the space are actually from very privileged countries and yeah basically those tools that are being built are not being built for the people that are actually needed and that bothers me a lot also another thing that bothers me is that we are using a lot of terms that are creating these new terms like stable coins which are not really stable we know that they're not stable or we call them soulbound tokens what the fuck is that and yeah it's just very confusing for people that are outside of the space it's not really inclusive when we are creating these new terms that cannot even be translated when we talk about staking I don't even know how to say that in Spanish I don't even I need to explain it all the time to people so I think that we are getting to a trap when we are creating all of these new terms and so on we're trying to onboard people and we're trying to onboard masses as we say but in reality we're just onboarding other gigs and yeah to me it's really bad so we're creating a more decentralized space more inclusive space but in reality it's just a bunch of white people just doing that talking between them so are we really doing what we're saying that we're doing are we really using their language and the tools that we have for inviting new people to join us or are we just trying to be cool thank you okay really thank you for bringing up some really challenging and really important points and there were a couple of different things there that I don't know maybe we can get to all of them but maybe let's start with the first one which was yeah that we tend to be sort of insular we're sort of designing for the people that we see and this community is we would like to think that it's global but it's really difficult to figure out how to reach people and we end up designing in ways that make sense in my brain but in a place that I've never been in a culture that I've never experienced in a language that I don't speak it can be really difficult to predict which also comes back to what Rachel was saying there's a difference between trying to figure out what people want and then like it and then like this sort of hopefully interactive process of inviting people in to like figure out what it is they need and help them help themselves build it and there's this problem of like literally knowing how to find those people is really challenging like I don't necessarily know where to look and to try to come with like prescriptive solutions or like you know go out with my binoculars looking for the person in the third world country that I'm supposed to design for it's really difficult to to kind of know where to start with that sometimes so I did want to ask like panelists and our new friend kind of how do you think about like we tend to when we do you know user research or try to like the impact of the things that we make we rely on kind of simplified like easy things like analytics and like metrics that they're satisfying because you can count a number and think it's the right number and check a box but they're actually the limiting and kind of useless and opaque and don't really particularly connect to reality and they end up also like leading you to design for the people that are already there and certainly not like leading you into new areas or like inviting new people in so wondering how you think about like how to measure success or how to like get richer, better feedback and have that be a more interactive process and just sort of open the borders of it so that more people are able to participate and more people are able to kind of create. Hey guys, I'm Raghav. I'm building a community led fundraising platform. I'll be not quadratic but just to like on what you said I often think and it's something I was thinking earlier like for quadratic funding right, mathematically speaking it's not the most straightforward thing but you know like let's say in the third world today like in India, I'm from India a lot of people don't have bank accounts right, the goal is not to teach them how bank works. The goal is perhaps first let's get them bank account. Let's tell them okay this is why it's good for you. You don't need to know the economics of it yet. So I think a similar thing can happen here where like our first goal is as long as we can get the service that we need, let's get that to them and over time as that leads to whatever prosperity we hope for then we can reach a point where we can have education around those things. If we just keep waiting for education and just for that we don't provide them what we can provide them today. I think that would be a misstep. Also just to, yeah. Yeah, no I think that's like my biggest you know I think learning from the last few years is that like you need politics to be like what's the word so like prefigurative like they need to like basically like you need to like take action towards the thing that you want to see in the world in some way and crypto does that by definition like we just build things we like they sometimes don't work you know at all sometimes they work kind of okay they're kind of janky and then hopefully sometimes they work really well and like are sustainable for like the long term. I think the biggest challenge I see aside from dropping my phone apparently is that we really don't have a you know we're talking here about like participants but we don't have a really good way to do that globally as Otheer mentioned I think that's still a missing point here we're still doing better than like you know meta or something like that where like you're literally just in a room and like designing for a community that's global like as if that's going to just magically work for everyone I think there's more like local first principles in thinking here but we still don't have that really broad global participation I think it's one of the reasons that like you know we sort of like as a community need to be having more conferences in places like Bogota to like participate more with local communities we probably are not doing that enough but I'm hopeful that we're like getting you know in the right direction there quick response to that because honestly I do think there's a lot that we can learn from traditional companies in this area of how do you design for local communities even being at a conference I'm not sure how many people actually go outside of the venue to explore personally a big proponent of field research trip to Venezuela was most insightful in my last five years in crypto just to kind of make the point I think there's a lot that we can learn from traditional companies in how do we how do we study and work with local communities there is a reason that some of these companies are so successful to the extent that we believe it's detrimental because there are some things that manage to do really well and understanding needs on the ground in local communities is definitely one of those things dream job maybe to riff on that a little bit one of the challenges I found in trying to get more on the ground experiences and insights and connecting to communities to work and design alongside has been that requires a certain degree of openness in what we're building because you go on you land, you put your feet on the ground and you're like oh my god this is never going to work but you've already spent six months developing for something that's then not going to work that open mindset plus the funding to that uncertainty of what the outcome will be is I think something that as a community can contribute to how not sure maybe there's someone here has a better answer the question that I actually came to ask so we speak about obviously ownership and sub sovereignty and stuff and that obviously comes at a cost of there's a lot more finality of action in the blockchain once you sign something you sign it so do you think the future of these apps anything that we build in this new internet is more about communicating to people that your mistakes are your mistakes or is it more about making sure systems sort of they have the scope for mistakes which can be from simple steps like and are you sure pop a box all the way to maybe some kind of like magical reversible transactions on chain I don't know Does anyone have a response to that I mean it's it's a great question right and it's sort of the opposite of or it could be the opposite of the thing that I said at the very beginning about sort of putting like bumpers on everything so that you just can't screw up even if you wanted to and there is this really interesting dynamic between trying to give people choices and then not sort of putting people in danger by just like throwing them into a snake pit without even telling them what a snake is first like that you have to give people the tools to not make those horrific mistakes but also not do that in a way that limits them from making like all of the choices that you would want them to have I know you hello I didn't know when the session was ending so I was gonna chill at the end but I just wanted to thank you guys for the conversation but I think in that regard as far as like how do we create ecosystems where people are more able to make mistakes etc. I think a lot of it has to do with progressive disclosure people getting used to some of this technology as they get aware of what's really happening on the front end, on the back end and on the actual protocol level so just kind of walking them through that focus of like okay this is some sort of hand-holded, guided functionalities of how you actually get into this ecosystem I think there's a lot of education communication around language all those things that you guys have already kind of highlighted that will lead us to that but it is a long journey people need to come and play with some of this stuff and we don't have the opportunity or test nets or all these resources where people can experiment with some of this stuff and not have that risk factor associated with it so I think gaming and all these other mechanisms of like pull apps etc provide you that opportunity to interface with this technology and learn a little bit more but we need more use cases we need more creative thinking around some of this functionality for people to actually start using it Thank you for that we do kind of have to wrap up now but yeah I want to thank all of you and also everybody who was brave enough to come up here and join us you guys brought a lot of really good points and good questions so yeah thank you for that and I wanted to end on another Zach Mandeville quote if I could just, there we go so I'm going to kill you actually wrap this up rather nicely for me to build whatever you're building for everyone we must expect and empower the best from anyone so thank you everybody let's go out and do that


Your coca-cola bottler presents Claudia Claudia based on the play and novels by Rose Franken brought to you transcribe Monday through Friday By your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola Relax and while you're listening refresh yourself have a coke and now Claudia Notice anything different about me tonight since dinner especially I mean you're dancing around an awful lot Well, that's so you'll notice. Well, let me see Is it something about you? You're your hair is different. My hair is exactly the same You're sure you're not partying it on the other side the other side of what what do you think the other side is for men Well, I give up what's different since dinner you won't be looking me as far as my forehead and your forehead is frowning Have you got a headache? No, not yet.  Necktie necktie. Mm-hmm. I like to buy shoes that Fuse I expected you to say dresses. Nope. Definitely shoes not me I guess because new shoes aren't ever as comfortable as worn shoes Particularly when they're too small and make a person frown David, then you do notice notice what? Oh, I give up I'm never going to buy another new pair of shoes as long as I live They might be running around barefoot for all you care. Oh Is that what you're driving? Yeah, you bought new shoes. Where are they? I'm a chandelier. Where do you think? Well, that's a funny place for the darling. Why don't you put them on? I'm gonna hit you over the head with one of them. Oh, I see them They're on your feet one on each foot Well, what do you know about that? How I stand you?  You like them fine You like them fine. You haven't even looked at them. Well, certainly. I like them. What do you want me to do get a microscope? You are impossible As a matter of fact, I think they make your foot look very small you do That's what I thought and that's what the shoe salesman thought too so small that I think they must be too small for you They are not they're perfectly comfortable Look awfully small to me too small.  They fit me perfectly. I could walk around the world. Well, you better get started. It's getting late Oh, David you you sure they're comfortable. They're not darling you but you can tell me I won't teach David If you say another word against them, I'll ring your neck It's the vamp that makes them look so small the van You mean like Dracula. No, I don't mean like Dracula the van like on my shoe. Oh that van the one with the noire And they were very cheap too. Where was the sale? Hey, there's it was it David how'd you know I bought them at a sale? I know my wife These are 2250 shoes and I got them for guess what 2150 well 95 Had it been a fool not to buy them. Well, it's worth it being a little small at that price. I'll admit But they are not too small. I usually wear a and these are double a one little a can't make much different You'd be surprised I would be because the shoe salesman said that the last of these shoes ran wide The last what I don't know what last do you suppose he meant probably your last good pair of feet very funny Seriously darling, they're very nice looking shoes. I wouldn't have bought them if they weren't Aren't you glad I didn't get shoes that are open-toed and open heels I wouldn't have married a woman who wore open toes and open heels is one of the first things I noticed about you Weed back when oh, I couldn't agree with you more. This kind of shoes you're fine for sitting After all shoes are for walking. Aren't they absolutely I feel very strongly that if you're going to wear shoes You have to have toes and heels After all what what else is there to a foot but that's exactly what I told a shoe salesman He had a beautiful mustache and a silly manner you'd have thought he was serving me French pastry Do I have nice legs? Not bad. Not bad. Is that all? Pretty nice She says and said they were lovely in these shoes. I'll knock his block off They're lovely in any shoes and you can tell him that for me.  I feel as if I'm walking on air these shoes are absolutely divine Well, I think we ought to take them out and celebrate We can't spend the evening at home with you and you're a new pair of shoes We'll take them out and show them the town where we go. How about going dancing? You just said dancing. Oh, no These are dancing shoes aren't they? They are not they're opera pumps Opera pumps I will not go to the opera. We will go dancing. They'll be ruined dancing I get all scuffed and marked and ruined. Are you hinting that I step on your feet when we dance? No, I'm not hitting you. That's wonderfully done. Well, if I say so myself. I I do you do I should have joined the ballet When I was six months my mother said to me druska, druska, that's what she called me druska I never knew that. You must dance what is all you must be the finest dancer in the Imperial ballet You have angels in your feet, druska, and that's in your belt free Shall we dance?  I Love dancing with you here and our pajamas without my shoes on at all But I simply love dancing in public. You're shy, madame. I will give you the less So you will have the confaudant. I am not shy. I just don't like being crowded There's no place to dance in New York except on a posting staff and if you don't step all over me everybody else will so I'm sorry. I won't dance. Well, then how are we going to celebrate? Well, there's a Mickey Mouse at the corner and a Donald Duck David both of them for the price of one Are you sure positive? I noticed this afternoon. It's a plot plot You notice then you went out and bought the shoes so I'd have to take it to the movies You will probably even take them off in the movie so I don't see Shoes are for walking not sitting you said so yourself in a movie theater. All right. We'll walk there and we'll walk home. How's that perfect? Come on shoes. Let's hurry How you doing me I'm doing fine. You're not walking very fast What's the hurry Mickey Mouse doesn't go on till 843 and it's only 829. We've got plenty of time Seems to me you're limping a little You think don't be silly. Why should I live? Oh, I don't know.  I can't run I'm sorry darling. I didn't realize I was walking so fast. David. You're not walking. You're running darling I'm not walking any faster than usual. You're just walking slower. I'm not. I'm walking same as usual This is just exactly how fast I walk when I walk with blood Well, it might interest you to know that I'm your husband and David Noughton and an architect I am not bluff your dog. We need how do you do? David we almost there just around the accordion dotting your feet hurt when you stop saying they hurt You'll get them subconscious if you keep on suggesting it pretty soon. They will hurt the power of suggestion If you want me to carry you I do not say beautiful shoes, I just love them But not the code dog it's gotten colder out. I'm walking too fast wire. No, that's right. It's faster than before These shoes are wonderfully comfortable and they don't pinch anymore not a bit Say how'd you know the same thing? It wasn't very difficult the way you were men sing along Oh, I was you're a pretty good walker usually one of the things I like about you. Oh, right They did pinch a little But I took them off in the movie and when I put them back on they fit me perfectly I think if I'd worn them for years Be quite remarkable. Don't you think maybe your feet shrank in the movies?  Oh, what a wonderful sale it was It's awfully dark out isn't it? I can't even see my nose on my feet. Yeah, no moon tonight. Hey, hey you too Uh, wait a minute if you don't mind David is he calling us? I don't know. Hey, wait a minute. Please wait I I'm awfully sorry, mister, but yes, what is it? I'm sort of embarrassed, but would you yeah, well It's just that my wife Were you in that movie just now? Yes, we were but I don't see and were you sitting on the left? I'll say say around the middle of the house David Exactly where we were sitting. They were wonderful seeds if you don't mind. I'd like to know what this is all Yes, yes, no, I don't blame you. It's it's just that I'm a little um, well How should I how should I put it? I'm a little embarrassed to uh? It's sort of personal in a way.  Oh, my wife is very upset She says that you madam have walked out of the theater in her shoes What? Why would I do something like that? I don't know, but My my wife takes off her shoes in the movies under the table. Oh, they they all do She she took them off tonight and so did mine. There's nothing extraordinary about that women's shoes always hurt I know now. Well as the point is Madam don't think I'm being forward, but are you wearing your own shoes? Of course, they're mine. They fit me perfectly. They're so comfortable. Oh Darling you'd better take a look David. This is ridiculous besides. It's dark here. I can't see I'll light a match I know it's absurd, but you see my wife is in the theater and her shoes disappeared She figured that they rolled down under your seat and maybe you were here. I've got a match right Well, well darling my shoes they're gone. Well, I'll be Well you little thief David, I don't see what's so funny. I'm terribly sorry, but I'll have to take them back to her She's the impatient of course go on Claudia give the man back his shoes This broadcast of Claudia was supervised and directed by William Brown Maloney Consideration can't be measured by cost It's usually a question of thoughtfulness like offering your cleaning woman ice cold coca-cola when you stop for the pause that refreshes To be certain, there's always plenty of coke on ice Have your grocer or service station attendant put a case in the car next time you drive Then you and your household helper can both work refreshed Every day Monday through Friday, Claudia comes to you transcribed with the best wishes of your friendly neighbor who bottles coca-cola So listen again tomorrow at the same time And now this is Joe King saying olive wire and remember whoever you are Whatever you do Wherever you may be When you think of refreshment think of coca-cola or ice cold coca-cola makes any pause the pause that refreshes


The Earth's climate is controlled by the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere. If more heat enters the atmosphere than leaves, then the planet warms. Adding heat-trapping gases changes the balance, which in turn causes warming. Ocean heat measurements show that the planet is indeed absorbing heat. Despite this fact, it is often claimed that global warming has stopped. This claim is inspired by evidence that warming of the atmosphere has been slower over the past one and a half decades. This slowdown is sometimes called the hiatus. However, there are other factors which affect the atmosphere over shorter periods. These can cause faster or slower warming of the atmosphere. To understand the slowdown in warming, we need to understand some of these factors. If we look at the global surface temperature over the past three decades, there are big changes in temperature from year to year. We know the cause of some of these variations. One of the biggest is the El Nino cycle. El Nino is a phenomenon in which heat is stored up in the western Pacific and then released to the atmosphere in the eastern Pacific. This happens over the course for a few years. El Nino is not predictable, but we can track it in retrospect through sea surface temperature measurements. If we compare past El Nino cycles with temperature changes over the past three decades, we can see that there is a strong relationship between the two. El Nino years tend to be hot years. Recent years have been dominated by the cool phase of the cycle. This is responsible for some of the slowdown in warming. However, El Nino doesn't explain everything. There are cooler periods in the early 80s and 90s which don't fit the El Nino cycle. These were caused by two major volcanic eruptions, El Chichon and Pinatubo. Dust from the volcano spread in the upper atmosphere, cooling the surface. Smaller eruptions happen all the time, but can also affect temperatures. There have been an increase in the number of small eruptions over the past few years, offsetting a bit of the greenhouse warming. Another factor is the solar cycle. Satellites tell us that the sun varies in brightness with the sunspot cycle. The last cycle has been particularly weak. A dim sun also offsets a bit of the warming. Yet another factor is pollution. Rapid industrialisation in Asia has led to more particulate pollution in the atmosphere, which also has a cooling effect. The final factor is in the observations themselves. Two of the major temperature data providers, the UK Met Office and NOAA, don't include the Arctic in their global temperature calculation, because there are no weather stations there. But the Arctic has been warming faster than anywhere else on the planet. Missing it out leads to an underestimation of the rate of warming. To recap, greenhouse gases have continued to grow over the last one and a half decades. But over the same period, volcanoes, the weak sun and pollution have had a cooling effect. And the rate of warming has also been underestimated. Two recent studies have put all of these together. If we ignore the short-term influences, climate models predict faster warming than we have observed. However, if we use global temperature estimates and add the influence of El Nino, volcanoes and the weak sun and pollution into the models, then the agreement is good. What can we conclude from this? When we put everything we know into the models, the answers match what we observe. So the slowdown in warming makes sense in retrospect and doesn't give us a reason to doubt the models. However, we couldn't have predicted it in advance, because we can't predict volcanoes, pollution or the sun. The slowdown in warming has created a whole family of myths with different levels of sophistication. At one extreme, it's possible to argue that the hiatus should reduce our estimates of climate sensitivity. This is a genuine scientific argument, although the analysis we have just seen suggests that no reduction is required. At the other extreme, it is sometimes claimed that the hiatus disproves the role of CO2 in global warming. They claim that CO2 has increased, but the world hasn't warmed. This is an example of a strawman and also a complex cause fallacy. Climate science doesn't claim that CO2 is the only factor which affects temperature. This is why the hiatus is so hard to deal with. The myths may be wrong, but they're simple and convincing. The complex cause fallacy exists because people like things to be simple. But explaining the complex drivers of climate is hard. But in the end, all the hiatus myths revolve around drawing attention away from the big picture. When we look at the big picture, the hiatus does not change our understanding of human-caused global warming.


Once we've set up for the dumbbell row and we've secured the spine in a nice flat, not too arched, not too rounded position, the next thing that we need to figure out is the rib cage. So we walk around as humans with a lot of asymmetry in our body, right? Your liver is on the right side. You don't have a liver on the left side.  We walk around asymmetrically and that's normal. But what you need to learn is that if I'm moving, the skeleton isn't really that asymmetrical. So I don't want the skeleton to move asymmetrically if I'm looking to optimize my long-term growth with training. So this is never more apparent than with the rib cage. So the rib cage likes to get really big on one side and really short on another side. You might see somebody's posture with a nice slouched shoulder on one side. That's just telling me that your rib cage is not very symmetrical. And again, that's normal, but we wanna focus on that, right? As I'm rowing, I wanna use my row as a way to treat that. And I wanna make sure that is set in a nice mostly symmetrical way while I'm doing my row. Again, if I'm practicing a lift and I do it incorrectly, then I'm practicing how to do it incorrectly. So I wanna prioritize this technique. With the rib cage, especially with the supported dumbbell row that we're talking about here, I just want to make sure each side looks pretty much the same. And so what you'll commonly see is that the right side kind of crunches together a little bit more and the left side opens up a little bit more regardless of what hand is doing the rowing regardless of whether you're left-handed or right-handed. So keep an eye out for that. If that's not the case for you, which might be true, look at it some other way, right? I still just want each side to look kind of similar. So when I'm on the bench and I'm supported, I wanna put that knee on the bench. I wanna put that hand on the bench. And I want those abs on that side to kind of turn on. I wanna kind of side bend to that side. I wanna, you know how a salamander walks? Kind of like bends its back like this. I want to bend that way to secure my midsection, my ribcage, stabilize my ribcage with my abdominal muscles. And just as importantly, I need to actively reach with that support hand. That way, I'm not just flopping down toward the bench. I'm actually holding myself up. I'm stabilizing not only the spine that we talked about, but the ribcage that we're talking about now. And then I can really direct my force up through the bench, up from the ground, through my body and into the weight.


you're gonna give me a ticket? oh we got a ticket not that kind of ticket but hello and welcome to the vlog favorite mongo and i are tripping to Niagara Falls it's almost the very end of day one of traveling we're just you know driving and whatnot so I want to show you guys like Niagara Falls not really the travel just want to check in say hey we just got into Ohio Ohio and our ticket for drive driving on the road we just got through Indiana and they charge us $9 from one end of the state to the other just to drive on the road just to drive you know it was an easier drive than Illinois I'll give it that but Illinois still has tools too so one hour but we are gonna stop at hold on I'll actually tell you guys where we're gonna stop here we're gonna stop in just a little bit I looked it up on my phone yeah okay we're gonna stop in holiday city that has a bunch of hotels and a few restaurants and gas and stuff like that so we're gonna stop there for the night it's about 8 30 right now and we're just a little bit away from that so that should be just fine and then tomorrow we'll be going through Toledo and then up into the Buffalo area and Niagara Falls so right is it right now and our trip thing it says that we only have six hours left of driving but we're still gonna drive a little bit you know today we're still still driving so tomorrow should be a super simple easy drive and we're not gonna hit any like major cities like you know driving through Chicago so rear rear don't recommend but it's a necessity unfortunately so anyway that's it for here I'm just been jamming out hanging out chat doing all those things and I will see you guys probably tomorrow we made it to the falls mom's busy taking pictures it is really cool you probably can't hear anything but it's really awesome and we're clearly on the American side at the moment but I'll show you guys a little bit more later so mom is a little mystified by these falls she keeps saying if this is the unimpressive side I don't know what it's gonna look like when we go over to Canada tomorrow right it's pretty it's pretty sweet we keep watching the boats it's hard to see because there's so much miss we keep watching those boats and you know what we're gonna experience tomorrow we're going on the made of the mist but we'll get some really probably spectacular footage and pictures and stuff but this is pretty cool in nature made that really neat I mean Doyle isn't here but look at this bird just judging the world what's up with that seriously and there are several of them it's hard to see but there's one there oh oh judgment left okay but yeah there's well there's mom there are several of them just hanging out in these little light posts so funny you're going to enter Canada it is day two of the Niagara Falls adventures we're gonna spend the majority of the time and they heard Niagara Falls stuff but Canada today and yeah that's what we're that's what we're gonna do right mom yeah and it's tough raining yes so Emily took a nap it's like an hour nap but yeah so let's go to Canada so now we're in Canada and we see the pretty side of the falls I don't know if you guys can even hear anything it's so loud but that vehicle really wants to honk at everybody anyway that's pretty there it's those other falls right over there so we are at Mama Mia's on and recommendation from one of you guys out there I got the carbonara and then mom got the Blanco pizza with no arugula but she added chickens so and the bread you know the spicy person yeah and the bread is delicious and we're just sitting here enjoying the view and I'm gonna put all that in my face we are Schmerz we're on the made-of-the-mist and we are gonna go get mystified take off that's different that's different we are so wet whole boat and it's wet but worth it what do you think mom highly recommend it's so cool so the rainbows oh my god yes I wish I could have had my phone or this camera out but anyway if you come here do this or go to the Canadian side and do the hornblower thing so like standing in a thunderstorm without the thunder yeah and it really sunny rainbow all right we're gonna go do some other stuff made of the mist highly recommend hi I'm back um so this is the end this is the end of it guys I have a really red face and it's really blown out right now so right now you're like oh that's probably fine no no no it's it's I'm a tomato it's great anyway my hair is a little crazy because of all the you know moist in the air so I wanted to show you guys a little haul because I bought a couple of things not not a ton of things but a couple of things so I bought three coffee crisps over in Canada for Ryan because shush mom because that's what he requested this is payment for watching Doyle so I got him some coffee crisps also in Canada I ended up like I'm totally anti-croc you guys but I got these like white flip-flops that are a little dirty right now but I'm really glad that I got them my mom got some that are not these but you know similar ish and we're glad we bought them because if you're on made of the mist your feet get drenched and we were on like the top platform there's like a top and then there's like a bottom so anyway so glad I got that let me turn you guys around I'll show you the other little things I got alright so I have my Niagara Falls sweatshirt it's kind of like this really interesting material I got it at the visitor center I looked all around and I really liked this one but I was like well I'll come back if I you know don't find anything else I like but anyway I really like it clearly it's a Grace watcher anyways but yeah it's like a sweater material it's really cool I got some stickers if you guys don't know my brother is in the Army and National Guard so I found these stickers and I was like these are really cool so has nothing to do with my Niagara Falls but we're just gonna go with it also found this so I'm gonna probably put this in my planner when I get home I got a bunch of pins there is a bunch of them I have nothing to do with Niagara Falls or New York but found these so I thought that was really cool these ones are all the states I have lived in but I don't have pins of them so I'm just gonna you know put them on my pin board and then I have a bunch of I love New York ones and then these ones are all like more the Niagara Falls kind of a look but yeah that is it it is Saturday night and we are gonna probably be going to bed a little bit early we are leaving to road trip back to Minnesota it's gonna take about a day and a half and yeah I think I'm gonna close out the vlog here because we're just gonna be driving I mean if something like really interesting happens like I'll let you know but um mom's busy doing something my legs are so sore yes we walked what like six miles today yeah I mean a little lady you know cuz I can't move yeah we're both little old ladies it's yeah yeah it was good times and before anyone asks yes I wore sunscreen but it's so hot we switted it all off so what do you know but yeah we had fun we saw everything we wanted to see we checked everything off of the mom's bucket list highly recommend everything that I showed you guys the fireworks light show was awesome Canada was cool yeah made of the mist do it yeah I gotta see it from both sides you gotta see it from both sides so even if you're in Canada coming breathtaking I mean come to New York to unbelievable it's so cool it's just so like how was that made it's really interesting yeah so anyway I'm gonna go and I will see you guys in the next video bye well folks it's time to kick it old school


When you were first given the charge to teach the Introduction to Distance Learning class, how did you analyze your students' potential needs and develop effective meaningful outcomes for the class? I was hired here to teach this class and what I was given was just the course description which had been written by someone else. So based on all of my background and the research I had done in my courses on distance education and what students needed, strategies for learning, learning outcomes, I compiled that information. Then I met with some instructors here that I had worked with before that were interested in putting up their courses online and talked to them about what their needs were, what their goals were. What it was, they needed to learn how to do so that they could effectively make the transition from traditional to online. And I compiled all of my information and to the best of my ability I wrote down my goals and objectives for what I wanted the learners to achieve and put my syllabus together. It was my hopes that I could create an authentic learning environment to meet their needs so that when they completed the course they would have a strong structural background to design their own course online. They could be given content but they would know how to go through the instructional design process to see which pieces would be most effective online.


Hello and welcome to Dispatches from India, a show by People's Dispatch, where we bring you some of the major news from the country over the past week. In our first story, we look at the continuing impact of the lockdown in the country, especially on the poorest and the most vulnerable. India entered the third week of its lockdown on April 8. As of Saturday, it was still unclear to what extent the lockdown would continue, with a lot of speculation emerging that it would be continued till the end of the month at least. As of the morning of Saturday, April 11, the number of active cases stood at over 6,500, with as many as 239 deaths from the disease. Only 147,000 people have been tested so far, leaving India with one of the worst testing records among countries with a large number of infections. It is believed that over 100 people have died due to various reasons associated with the lockdown. Immediately after the lockdown was announced, millions of workers were forced to leave India's big cities. The sudden shutdown left them without food, work and money, and they were forced to return to their homes in a desperate bid to eke out a living. Some died on the long walk back home, others managed to reach. The response by the central and state governments has been, with some notable exceptions, very poor. Often a number of activist organisations and people's movements are stepping up to help the workers. Newsclick spoke to Siraj Dutta, an activist in the state of Jharkhand, on some of these initiators. Hundreds of thousands of workers from the state of Jharkhand are stranded in other states such as Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Delhi. Many of them are not able to get food or other rations and they don't have any money either. Their employers have not paid them any wages either. In Jharkhand, as part of the Right to Food campaign, and the Jharkhand People's Right organization, we have been trying to gather information about workers being stranded at any point or if they need any relief. We talk to them, collect information and see if they can send pictures and via Twitter try to get them help by tagging governments, legislatures and the media. We also try to coordinate with the relief organizations in other states to see if they can receive aid. On rare occasions, even the government intervenes. So these are some of the initiatives we are undertaking. But the key point is that it is the responsibility of the state and central governments to ensure that workers get the required food and they get their wages. However, this has not been assured yet. Many organizations across the country are organizing initiatives to aid the workers, but considering the scale of the problem and the relief needed, even efforts are not being made by the governments. Meanwhile, the harvest season is on in various parts of India. India's farmers were hoping for a bumper harvest this year. But the lockdown has thrown all of this into disarray. The government has announced a sum of cash as part of an earlier scheme called PMTisan, but not much else has been announced. We talk to Vizu Krishnan of the All India Kisan Sabha or the All India Farmers Association on the issue. See, the farmers were looking forward to a bumper harvest of wheat. And the acreage under wheat had also increased in a big way compared to the last years. Almost it was estimated that it would touch close to 32 million hectares. And the production also would touch around 105 million tons. That is what was expected. But now, in a few days, it's about to be harvested. There is a shortage of workers, a lot of migrant workers. We have all seen there has been an exodus. There is no provision or no help coming in for ensuring that there would be harvesters which would be doing it. That is one aspect. And other than wheat, there are different crops. It's not just the question of wheat and baddy alone. You also have Chana, you have crops like mustard, which are being harvested already in some ways using the agriculture workers. But they are not fetching the price in the market. It is, for instance, from Rajasthan, I just got reports that Chana and mustard which would have fetched around 4,800 to 5,000 rupees for a quintal today is not even fetching 1,000 rupees. So the government will have to step in to actually try and procure this for them. It could also in the very near future, there may be also the requirement the government should also step in for helping harvesting activities as well as in the transportation and marketing of these crops. There are certain crops which require to be watered in a specific period. And if you don't water, let us say from April 1st to April 14th, two weeks you are not able to water, then the entire crop is lost. There is an example I would like to give of cardamom. So in the state of Kerala, the farmers called up, we had to intervene with special permission that five workers could go for the watering of these cardamom crops. There is the case of the silk cuckoos. The silk cuckoos are ready, but there is no one to bite. After a point, we all know what would happen to the cuckoos. So that would just be rendered useless. So this kind of a situation is also there. Sugarcane, migrant workers are in a big way involved in the cutting of sugarcane. So that is not happening. In our second story, we look at the reports of soaring unemployment in the country. The Centre for the Monitoring of Indian Economy has reported that an estimated 11.76 crore persons, that is 117 million people, lost their jobs between March 22nd, that's just two days before the lockdown began on April 5th. The unemployment rate has zoomed up from 8.4% on March 22nd to 23.8% on March 29th and then 23.4% on April 5th. This means that nearly a quarter of the labour force in the country is currently sitting idle, though they are seeking work. Now this has been a universal trend. For example, the US too has reported huge unemployment numbers. We spoke to economic journalist and analyst Anandia Chakravarty on this issue. He also talks about the justifications provided by the government's supporters that this was an emergency and the government is doing its best. Let's look at it in terms of population. Obviously, the US numbers are 6.6 million people applying for jobless claims. In India, we see that this is the CMI data, obviously not government data unlike the US. CMI says more than 23% people returned that they don't have work in the first week of April, which is the second odd week of the lockdown. And all this data was collected on the phone, not as robust as CMI collects, but as Mahesh Vyas said, good enough for us to make predictions. In fact, the 23% number is most likely to be on the lower side. We probably have a much higher level of unemployment, which CMI could not track because people must have gone away from their homes and probably not responding on the phones. Now, if you look at it, there's another thing that we have to distinguish. In the US, there's a reason why it's called a jobless claim, initial jobless claim numbers, which is taken as the unemployment number, because people are claiming for benefits that claiming don't. Unlike India where if you don't have a job, you aren't getting anything. The government of India is not giving you anything. Other than the announcements of 20 crore Jandhan Yojna accounts getting 500 rupees of widows and pensioners getting 500 rupees a month and all the free ration which has been announced. And there was an announcement that registered construction workers, there's a lot of money lying there, state government should give them money. That, it appears they haven't got, but we can come to that later. So it's very clear that 23% is probably the tip of the iceberg. And the reason for that is that as the CSDS, Azim Premji University survey of 2017 to 2019 tells us that 40% of India's workers are paid daily, 6% are paid weekly. And that means that at least 46% of people after two weeks will not have any money. Only 26% have monthly salaries. That leaves out another 28% who don't have a fixed cycle by which they get money. Maybe it's daily, monthly, weekly and it changes. So that tells us that 74% of people are actually vulnerable. And other than those who are involved in essential services, most people will not earn a penny during the lockdown. And the 23% number, therefore, is likely to go up rather than go down. So the key question here is that could the government have done anything at all considering the circumstances? Because the government's argument would be that this was an emergency, we tried our best, but... Yeah, the emergency was something that you know about from middle of January. Best end of January. I mean, let's think that, okay, forget about end of January, start from middle of February. What were you doing sitting around doing nothing? The government should have been prepared well in advance. And this is not...  You know, it's like the US, which has no problem funding buying bombs and sending people, young people to fight in some distant land. But has a problem buying ventilators and masks for its people. So to say that this was an emergency, yes, it was an emergency, but people, experts had been saying this is going to happen. You'll need to lockdown. You know, Wuhan was locked down on the 22nd of January. And we have locked down two months later. What was the government doing unprepared for two months before that? So therefore, it is very clear, Italy locked down on the 9th of March. You had a 15-day lead period. What stopped you from setting up isolation centers, from getting PPE kits, for working out ways to hand over money to the poorest of the poor, getting it ready, getting the list ready. I mean, there's a new survey which has come out by this NGO called, I think, Jansar. Jansar is right here. Jansar. And they've done a survey of about 3,900 construction workers. And they're saying that 90% of construction workers do not have any earnings right now. 90% of construction workers do not have any earnings. The government announced that construction workers were registered. And I think they said that some 3.5 crore construction workers are registered in India. And of course, construction workers are probably double that number. But nevertheless, they said that all those who are registered, there is a welfare fund for them, and they can all get money. And I've done a calculation that if you take that registered and if all the money is given, they'll get about 10,000 rupees each. 94% of the people surveyed said that they're not registered. So this registration itself is just a typical government figure. A senior IS officer told me that this is actually meaningless because these registrations are done from state to state. And workers, the same workers, go work for a few days. And these are done by usually the PWD kind of departments, public work departments. They register, they don't know who this person is. The same guy comes 15 days later, registers again. These are not unique numbers. They change from state to state. So there is nothing in place to help these people. Right, right, right. Our final story is about the new domicile laws in Jammu and Kashmir. The state of Jammu and Kashmir, especially the Kashmir valley, has seen decades of resistance to Indian rule, including an armed militancy. Various Indian governments have tried to negotiate with the representatives of the people of Kashmir, but have failed. A process that has not been helped by the fact that Kashmir is the most militarized region in the world and the atrocities by Indian military and paramilitary forces. The situation changed for the worse when the far right government of Narendra Modi came to power in 2014. Last year on August 5th, the Indian government bifurcated the state into two union territories, which are directly under the control of the center. Political leaders were put in jail, more armed forces were sent, and a brutal communications blockade was put in place. To this day, the people do not have access to high-speed communication, which affects their ability to learn more about and counter the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as communicate with their loved ones. Today, the people of Kashmir also have no say in their governance. When the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir took place last year, many said that this was an attempt to bring about demographic change to Kashmir, which is a Muslim-majority region. The latest domicile law seems to be proof of that. Newsclick spoke to residents of Kashmir on the impact. The coronavirus is spreading all over the world right now, and there is lockdown as well globally. In the midst of this lockdown, the government of India has brought the draconian domicile law for Jammu and Kashmir. According to this law, all the people who have been living here for the last 15 years are eligible for citizenship. The state of Jammu and Kashmir is different from the rest states of India. Our accession with India was on defence, foreign affairs and communication. This accession in 1948 is the only bridge between India and Jammu and Kashmir. At the time of the accession, promises were made to the people of Jammu and Kashmir. This was that the land and jobs here would be reserved only for the people of Jammu and Kashmir. The country is undergoing a human crisis, but the government took advantage of this and passed a draconian law in Jammu and Kashmir. Because of that law, you cannot imagine how many repercussions will be there. One of the repercussions is that the person who has been living here for 15 years is now a permanent resident of Jammu and Kashmir. The land of the people of Jammu and Kashmir will have to be divided. There is high unemployment in Jammu and Kashmir. Those people of Jammu and Kashmir who do not have jobs will have to compete with the people of the whole country. What is left for people of Jammu and Kashmir when it comes to guzzited and non-guzzited posts? The youth of Jammu and Kashmir will be able to access only low-paying jobs. Mr. Narendra Modi promised 50,000 jobs to the youth of Kashmir. Mr. Narendra Modi has kept those jobs for the entire country, not for the people of Jammu and Kashmir. Number second, it is direct attack on the economy of Jammu and Kashmir. We have already a huge unemployment crisis and the government has been doing nothing about it. Rather what they did, they are giving away our job base to the outstation people. This domicile law can lead to a demographic change here. The majority of the population here may become a minority. Our culture here is under threat. Jobs that were reserved for the youth of Jammu and Kashmir are in danger. According to this order, they will get reservation only in class 4, low-paying jobs. This is sheer injustice. This domicile law is not acceptable to the people of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. That's all we have in this episode of Dispatches from India. We will be back next week with the latest news developments from the country. Until then, keep watching People's Dispatch.


Hi, beautiful. You are looking so good today. Like every day. You are the sh**. Yes, yes, you are. Thank you for being here today. We're watching some people go from blonde to red. Red hair has been really giving me everything lately. I don't know what it is about red hair right now, but I really want it. When X-Model color comes out with red hair, you know I'll be doing it. So yeah, I don't know. I guess I'm just trying to live vicariously through these people today, and hopefully it'll help me get over my craving for red hair. And also just watching some people have some beautiful transformations, hopefully today. But first, today's video is sponsored by Skillshare. Skillshare is an online learning community with thousands of inspiring classes for creative and curious people. You can explore new skills, get lost in creativity, and develop existing interests.  Andy J. Pizza has an amazing class on Skillshare called Find Your Style. Five exercises to unlock your creative identity. This class was awesome because it helped me identify what my creative style is. Andy speaks about everything in such a clear, simplified way that my ADHD can actually handle. I know times right now are really weird. The best thing to do for yourself is learn something new. So fend off boredom, learn a new skill, and become a better person through Skillshare. Skillshare is the place to keep you learning. The first 1,000 people to use the link in my description box right below will get a free trial of Skillshare, a premium membership. And after that, it's only around $10 a month. So thank you, Skillshare, for sponsoring today's video and keeping me inspired. I really appreciate it. And now let's watch some people go from blonde to red. Let's do it. First video is by the AGM Diaries, and this is called Dying My Hair Red, At Home Big, hair transfer from a child. Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. Do you ever wake up in the morning with like the strongest urge to do something and you're like, oh my God, I gotta do it?   Yes, I do. Because you know what? Life's too short. If you wake up in the morning and you decide, I wanna paint my nails glittery blue. You do it. Because what else are you gonna do? I don't know. And I've just done a couple of Instagram stories and I feel like you guys are gonna make the decision for me. Listen, I know I said when you wake up and you just feel the urge to do something, you should just do it. This is one of those things where maybe you should think twice. When you wanna go from blonde to red, it's a big deal. And you can't just rub the nail polish off, if you know what I mean.  It's all gonna be stuck in that for a long time. But hey, do you. Here is my hair. What is that? When the heck did you dye your hair blue? Yeah, what is that? I dyed my hair purple and it's just faded to like a really weird color. It's really gray, which makes sense because your hair is probably yellow. You put purple on it, the cancel chiller out and it made gray. So this is the current state of my hair. You should color it red. I do feel like red. It's gonna look really good on her because her skin tone is very pink, very cool tone. I hope she has like a little bit more of a cool tone red or something neutral. I feel like it's gonna look divine on her. I can't wait to see it. What is this aisle? What is this?  You crazy.  Are you trying to bring the demon out of me? Because it worked. I'm scared now. I love this hair dye brand. I've used it so many times for like my blonde hair, like my darker roots. Makes your hair really shiny and really lovely. Yes, it's box dye. So her ends are super compromised and super porous, you can tell. Putting permanent color on that is gonna be a lot. Something with like a 25, 30 volume, probably 30 volume with this or even higher is gonna be a lot for those ends to handle and it's gonna cause a lot more damage that is not necessary. For something like this, you could do like a permanent color on your roots with a higher developer, a high lift red color that way you get that really vibrant red. But then on your ends, you can do a dye permanent color that way you don't add any more damage. You're actually just conditioning your hair and making it feel better. It's a lot to do to your hair and I'm worried about it. The ammonia content in this box, the developer and just how she's gonna apply it to her head really is what I'm worried about. Here we go. So yeah, if I wanna go dark, then I'll have the red base already in my hair because blonde hair, if you dye it like back dark, sometimes it gets like a green hue or it fades greeny or a bit bluey. So you need to use like the color wheel. Yes, okay. That was really good. She's like, can you use the color wheel on my trim green? You gotta fill with red first before you go dark. Someone knows what she's talking about except why are we using that box color? Well, me could use professional color. What's the point? Tell me. She's going, she's going, she's going, she's going. Oh my God. Why are we starting at the root? Why? Y'all know what happens at the root. Nothing good happens at the root. Actually, sometimes a lot of good things happen at the root. However, you know what's gonna happen. Her roots are gonna end up lighter than her end. So she's gonna get hot roots. I'm thinking as well, when I've got my darker roots it might give me a bit of an ombre, red situation. Definitely no going back now. There is no going back. You are going full on, deep red. I actually do like the color she chose though. It's a very neutral red. A little bit more on the cool side but neutral and it's really, really pretty. That's a pretty color. Is there a sectioning going on? No. Do I hate that? Yes. Do I wish she was sectioning? Yes. Am I that picky? Yes. I want that to happen from now on. I mean, it's definitely getting red. It is looking candy, apple, red. And I am kind of like- I'm fully saturate everything because this is exactly what I had her do. What she could have also done is added a mixture of conditioner and water and shake it up in a bottle and then applied to her ends first. That way the porosity of her hair is equalized in the ends because the bottom of her hair is so porous you want to kind of fill in those porous holes in the hair and make a nice smooth surface for the color to latch on to. Or else it actually might pick up darker on the ends rather than lighter like she thinks it's going to happen. Usually when your hair is more porous the color ends up being a lot darker than what it's supposed to be. One, two. Oh my God. I love it. I feel like Ariel. Oh my God. Look at the color. Whoa. I really like it. I think it makes me look like quite tanned. Look at the color. Okay, wow. I mean, she looks incredible with this color. So much better than the blonde. I mean, she did a really great job. Holy s***. Lately I've just been like really baffled by how good these things turn out. I don't know why, like what's going on, but it looks so even. Her roots look amazing. That was the perfect color for her and somehow she didn't get hot roots. I don't know. I swear you guys, it's a real thing. I know you guys have seen it in my videos before. It's real. You can get hot roots, but this time around she somehow made her hair look absolutely flawless and healthy. I mean, just be careful with the damage. You know, you don't want to be applying that over and over and over again on your hair. Or else it's going to cause a lot of damage. Let's move on to the next video. This next video is called Dying My Hair Red At Home. L'Oreal Paris Colorista Semi-Permanent Hair Color. And this is by Angela Abbas. We know you. You did the whole blonde thing. It was quite the process. Looks like we're completely going red over that blonde and took you forever to do, which is kind of sad, but we'll see what happens. So now I am going to go in with the same brand, the L'Oreal Colorista Semi-Permanent Hair Color, but in red. When you open it, it comes out in a tube just like this. You want to make sure it's nice and smooth. Your hair is looking long and healthy.  And we're sectioning. I love to see it. I'm just so nervous about how it's going to come off on blonde hair since it did say don't use it on blonde hair. I have no idea why they told you that you can't use that on blonde hair. That makes no sense to me. And I feel like it's just going to be extremely dark and vibrant. I can't wait for the first part to go on her hair that's the most satisfying part. Oh my God. That is going to be a lot, a huge change. Oh, she's doing beautiful, gorgeous sectioning. And you can tell if that color has a lot of orange in it. It appears to be more on the warmer side. So I don't know. It's kind of looking pink in the spots too. So maybe we are doing a cool tone red. I'm just glad she's fully saturating every single hair strand because that's gonna be super important when she's going over that blonde hair to make it super even and noticeable and healthy and all the good stuff. Her skin is actually looking more vibrant and healthy with the more warm tones on it. I just washed off the mask and I am really, really, really, really loving this color. It's like a deep dark red and I absolutely think it's so gorgeous. Whoa.  You just did dye your hair red. What do you mean it's making you want to dye your hair red? I'm going to let this dry and then I'm going to show you guys how this looks like tomorrow. So now it's... Oh my God. My hair is looking and it's very... Wow. Very, very vibrant. This is the definition of Rihanna red. I mean, this is fiery. This is wow. This is a little bit warmer than the last girl. This is gorgeous. I like it. I do however think that the more brownish red that she's talking about is going to look a lot better. This is intense, but she's killing it. She's rocking it.  I think she looks healthier and glowier. I don't know, more like herself, I guess. I wasn't expecting to be that good in that red. Kind of impressed. Let's move on to the next video. This next video is by Naturally Sunny and this is called I Dye My Hair Blonde to Burgundy Red. So I picked up two different colors. So I got magenta. I got two boxes of magenta and I got one box of red. And then I also got 720 volume. Two boxes of magenta and one box of red. Oh, we are going for a extremely maxed out red and I'm here for it. I'm going to use 20 volume developer because... You're using 20 volume developer because you want lift. Anything above 10 volume is going to provide lift. Anything below it is not going to. So when you're trying to go really, really bright red, you want that lift to happen. You want that hair fiber to open up, release its pigment. You want the color to eat the pigment out of your hair and then add new pigment in there.  I'm about to detangle it. I haven't washed it in a week. Okay, so our hair is already really light blonde. The 20 volume is fine. If you want permanent color, that way it lasts as long as possible. Totally fine. I always just recommend a semi permanent or dying permanent color when you're doing red. Honestly, it's just like most people want to take it out soon after they do it or just change it up often. Usually people don't stick with red for a long amount of time. You know, why wouldn't you want it to fade? That's where I stand on that. Oh, and we're sectioning. We're doing four sections and then subsections on those four sections. So this is going to look so good because she's actually taking her time to do it. Okay, so what I freaking learned was I shouldn't have put this bright red mixed with the magenta. I shouldn't even use the magenta. I should have used a darker burgundy because my hair, as you guys can see, it's blonde. So it's already lifted and then what it took, you know, it's going to take the color well. That's so true. When she did the magenta, I was like, damn, okay.  I just don't think it's going to make her look good. It might make her look a little sickly because it brings out those cool tones like in the under eyes, the purple. It just kind of look kind of wack. All right, so I'm about to put my cap on and then. And we're adding a little incubation with the cap to add heat. What in the world? What was I thinking? It ain't it. I would say this is more magenta rather than red and it definitely is not the right color for her. I'm about to wash this conditioner out and then I'm going to put this on top. So we're doing more of a same permanent color, which is totally fine. You can do as much as you want in one day, except at some point your hair will just stop taking it. So I guess you can't really do that. Two or three times is probably the max before your hair just stops being able to take color. All the little porosity holes in your hair are all filled. You can't just keep filling them up and filling them up. This is already looking a lot better. She's going darker. Thank God, this is not the appropriate color for her hair by any means. I think she'll be a lot more happy with this. And she's using plenty of color, which I love to see. Oh, this is so much better. It works with her skin tone so much more. However, I would still like to see it more warm rather than pink. The pink is a lot. So after I washed out my hair, I just did some Bantu knots, and then I put it up into high puff. She made the right decision. She was permanent color, which is fine, yes, if you want it to last a really long time. And then she put some permanent color over it. I'm glad she didn't go in with more permanent colors. That was a great decision right there. And I'm glad she made it work. It looks good. Just do a more orangy tone next time, more fiery red. I think it will compliment your skin a lot better. So those were the blonde to red hair transformations for today. All came out pretty damn good.  Not all the right decisions were made, but the end results were fabulous. Make sure you guys follow me everywhere else here on my social media handles all around me. Go for it. Make sure you guys click subscribe right down below. Make sure you hit the bell icon and the like button to be notified every time I post a new video. And the like button is just like a thank you to me. That'd be great. If you guys don't already know, I do have a hair care brand. It's called X-Mondo Hair. We just released Hair Color. And you guys are loving it. I'm so happy. You can shop X-Mondo Hair down below at X-MondoHair.com or you can head over to our Instagrams at X-MondoHair and at X-MondoColor to see more about the brands. Make sure you guys text me at this number. It's really a number of mine. Yes, it really does go to my phone. Yes, I see all your messages. This will just keep you notified whenever I post a new video or do anything of that nature.  Today's Instagram shoutout goes to Louise and she says, hey Brad, my hair is naturally curly and orange ginger color. I was thinking of doing a similar idea you did for Charlie by doing the red underneath of my hair and then maybe get a brighter ginger for the top layer or do you think something else would seem more? That is such a cool original idea. I think that would look amazing on you and spice things up. I say absolutely go for it. So I think you should do the darker red on top and the more gingery color on the underneath because then you can really see that pop of color underneath when your hair moves. If you do a darker color, it kind of blends in a little bit more. That's all for today guys. Thank you so much for watching. Don't forget to live your extra life and I'll see you next time. Bye guys.