I only remembered that I was giving this presentation yesterday afternoon, so I've patched together a couple of pieces from some recent presentations I've done. I'm going to whiz through the first half, which is really scene setting, and then we're going to land up on a couple of slides at the end, which really does raise the issue around the governance of controlled vocabularies. So first, just to do some of the scene setting, we've got a goal here of, you know, maybe this is slightly, not exactly in the vocabulary governance space, but nevertheless, it really says, you know, why we're thinking about vocabularies, why we're thinking about vocabularies in a web setting, and it's really thinking about what's a, you know, there's a big push at the moment with research data to make sure that it is made available in a fair way. That's findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. And so a group of us have been working on thinking about what that means for vocabularies. And I think I already presented a bit of this, I can't remember whether it was to this audience, Rowan, but I've, you know, some of you all recognize some of the slides in this, but I'm just, as I said, doing some scene setting. The fair vocabulary is one that's registered, therefore findable, that's on the web, therefore downloadable, accessible. The interoperability comes from the fact that it's at least the thing that we're focusing on is that it's encoded using web standards, perhaps some domain specific extensions also realize a missed piece there. It also interoperability goes to content issues that it matches the expectations of the discipline or domain. And from that also comes up in the reusability context that in order for a vocabulary to be reusable, it should be made available with an open license that it's maintained and therefore we can trust it and it's comprehensible. Makes sense to the people who are familiar with the subject material. We've got a lot of controlled vocabularies and mostly they're not fair. For example, they're published in a book. This is a book that has a lot of controlled vocabularies which are widely used in the Australian environmental and ecology space and this is how the vocabularies look like. They're tables with red symbols or let codes there and here's another very important controlled vocabulary maintained published by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. That's the geological time scale and this is the version that most people see which is a PDF. The same information, in fact, a lot more is also available in a table on a web page at stratigraphy.org but that's a very special table that's basically just in HTML. So it's not really machine processable except in the sense of rendering it by a browser. And this SIN is also committed by one of the most important controlled vocabularies which is the SI units, which again, this is a snip from the so-called SI brochure which is where the official definitions of the core units of measurement is just in a table on a web page. So we've been doing some work on what a fair vocabulary look like which I've already said but how do we get there and that there's plenty of examples of fair vocabularies which are not necessarily the ones which are published by the actual custodians. Those vocabularies in many cases is the ones which have been translated from those but nevertheless it shows how it can be done. This one actually was, this is the original version from the EUDM energy usage data model which was a project that we did in Siro three or four years ago. Of course, Research for Capitalism Australia publishes quite a lot of, you know, hundreds of vocabularies in a fair way although in many, this one's one which is this is the official AODM vocabulary for sampling parameters but there's a lot of vocabularies in Research for Capitalism Australia which are just translated or transferred from non-fair representations and there's a bit of a question of which is the authoritative version. Is it the non-fair one or is it the fair one? This is an agricultural vocabulary published on a platform called SCOSMOS. So partly I'm just showing these as the different platforms but which are all showing vocabularies published in a web-friendly way which means at least they're going some way towards being fair. Bioportal has been doing it for years. Ontobe shows the ones from the Obo foundry and we've written a paper basically giving some basic instructions for how to take what we call a legacy vocabulary that say controlled vocabulary which is published for example in a book or in a comma separated variable spreadsheet or is maybe downloadable but not in a way which allows you to address each term in a vocabulary with its own web identifier and so we've written this paper this is with some colleagues scattered around the world on giving a kind of step-by-step as to how you might convert a vocabulary from a legacy format to make it fair. In fact on Sunday I just submitted a revision of the manuscript back to PLOS Bioinformatics because we received one set of reviews so we hope that'll get accepted and published soon. So now my computer is telling me that I have to do some exercises so I should have killed that off before we started this talk shouldn't I? I think I've got control again, yes good. Okay and we've got a couple of examples of where we can actually show how we've stepped through that recipe if you like to convert in this case the yellow book vocabulary into the link data registry format. So this is not just an idle boast or a theoretical idea about how to do the conversion and I've presented before shown how the specific parts of the set of instructions are represented by sorry implemented by information in this fair publication of the controlled vocabulary. Similarly for the geological timescale you can represent it in a rather simple way just to discuss concepts and you can also then add in extra information if you have a domain specific vocabulary which ontology which we actually have developed there through the GSML project I'm not going to show that at the moment because it's not the point of what we're talking about here but the point is that there's a whole set of questions around the publication and development of controlled vocabulary is making available to the research community and the paper that we've written really deals with a part of a number of different workflows and we're planning for it and it's the converting paper we're planning for it to be one of a set of guidelines and next cabs off the rank are actually going to be addressing some issues around maintenance and governance. In the first place we've got the question of the creation of controlled vocabulary which is sort of the first step in the governance process and then there's the maintenance or update or keeping things up to date part which is the ongoing governance question. So having set the scene with that now I'm going to pause on a couple of slides where I'm actually going to step through a whole series of precedents for how some controlled vocabulary is which are important ones which are used in the community or should be known and used how the governance of those is actually managed which is the point of the presentation today burnt up the first 10 minutes giving you some some context. So here's a list of a set of let's think of them as as controlled vocabulary is almost all of them are very recognizable that way maybe you hadn't thought of schema.org that way but it is. Schema.org of course is the set of tags which are used to tag web pages and that also includes web pages which are landing pages for data sets. So but schema.org was a project that's been around for best part of 10 years now was originally established by Microsoft, Google, Yahoo and Yandex basically to bring a little order to the chaos of search engine optimization but has also more recently been picked up by the research community for example in the the ESIP and EarthCube project science on schema.org who've been making some primarily what the science at schema.org people have been doing is documenting usage in the research community but the background vocabulary of the schema.org is is actually now maintained publicly in GitHub which also with using the issue tracker there. There are monthly releases in principle it's community owned anyone who's interested who's got a GitHub account can make comments can raise issues can contribute to whether a particular term makes its way into the vocabulary or whether it's positioned correctly as agreed by the community but interestingly when it when push comes to shove the decisions get made by a very small group of people basically with one of them Dan Brickley acting as what might be thought of as a benevolent dictator he's got the community's interest at heart I know Dan I'm a bit known him for a while well 20 odd years actually and he very much does have the community's interest at heart not not not even though he's employed by Google he's not grinding any Google access in fact at times he'll tell people yes it's all very well putting this in to the vocabulary and that's fine but that doesn't necessarily mean Google will use it in building their index they only they initially use a tiny fraction of schema.org in building the Google index and Dan there sort of plays the role of just bringing people's attention to not being overly optimistic about what's going to happen with this stuff even while that vocabulary is being maintained. And another vocabulary control vocabulary which I've done put quite a bit of made some contributions to recently is QEDT which is Quantities, Units, Dimensions and remember what the T stands for but it doesn't really matter the interesting part of QEDT or there's two interesting parts which is lists of units of measure and so-called quantity kinds that were you know quantity kinds of things like the semantics of what a number refers to length or depth or wavelength or those kinds of things it's probably the most widely adopted control vocabulary of units of measure although there's a there's another one which is just the codes called you come which I'm going to talk about in a moment which is which is very heavily adopted in the biomedical and clinical community but QEDT in terms of properly fair published control vocabulary probably the most widely adopted it's also maintained in Github so anyone can submit issues or suggestions or requests and they get considered by a small group of gatekeepers I've given you the names there in consultation with the technical advisory board so there's this kind of a supervision by the technical advisory board again QEDT has approximately monthly releases there'll be you know somewhere between one and 10 units added every month it's not quite as automatic as Schema.org which really does have monthly releases now QEDT it's more of an as needed basis but that work turns out to be on average about every month so but again there's a now there's a public maintenance process and that's been going for about two years prior to that it was all a bit secretive and it was being held behind closed doors and there was justifiably some suspicion about whose interests were being met by QEDT but now it's done in the public at least or it's transparent though there are these individuals who are the gatekeepers. UCUM as said is the codes for units of measure used quite heavily in the medical clinical health space that's owned by the National Library of Medicine and notice on each of these points I'm making a point about who owns the content who is responsible who has got for intellectually for the content of these of these control recoveries and it's quite important to to bear that in mind. UCUM has been around for about 15-20 years actually well it goes back originally into the 1990s the last millennium but it's been maintained publicly through again an online issue tracking system but an earlier generation than Github it's subversion and track. The progress in dealing with issues there is a lot slower I've recently well the technical advisory committee has recently been revived for UCUM and is dealing with some issues in the tracker which are nine and ten years old so that's partly because the people who were maintaining it were kind of of the impression that it was all done and dusted and it didn't need any updates although it turns out that it does for example it's got the constants for things like Planck's constant speed of light in there which were believe it or not the values for which were updated by codator 2017-2018. So the NERC vocabulary service which is owned by the BODC but used broadly in the oceanography marine science community there's several hundred controlled vocabularies there a lot of which are just translations of ones which are owned and run by individual agencies or organizations so so the NBS just acts as a kind of publication platform but some of which are directly run and owned by the BODC. The actual reference content is maintained behind the scenes in Oracle so they also use github but only for the issue tracker. Effectively Gwen Moncoffé of BODC acts as the gatekeeper but again very benevolent the gatekeeping there is really is this formatted right is all the information there no judgment about whether the terms belong in a vocabulary because as far as NBS is concerned if a term is used in a dataset then it belongs in NBS. It's sort of bottom up inventory of terms used in datasets rather than instructions about they shall use these terms so the governance model there has to reflect that kind of idea. The yellow book which I mentioned before the Australian soil and land survey handbook there the book is normative the printed version and the national committee on soil and terrain which is essentially a collaboration of the department's environment and their operating agencies between the states and territories in Australia is represented on the NCST and it has had occasional updates in the past the current version that was published that I showed you the picture of with I think probably here's the picture is the third edition that was published in 2009 that on average there's kind of about every 10 years it gets updated and it's currently being revised by the NCST but primarily Andrew Biggs from Queensland natural resources is managing that revision so if you've got any problems with that you need to get hold of Andrew and I haven't really tracked down whether they've got a transparent web presence I think probably not but it's owned by NCST so they as long as they're happy with their process I guess that's okay and we do have as I showed before a linked data version of that but that lags the official version and that's very deliberate because the official version is the version in the book. Finally the geological time scale as I mentioned is owned by the international commission on stratigraphy the values of the the numbers in there of the different boundaries in the chart each one of those is tied to an article in a journal these days almost always a journal published by the ICS called episodes so once you get an article published in episodes which establishes one of those boundaries then a value in the control vocabulary gets changed the website tabulation gets updated annually but again that's lagging what the agreements of the commission for stratigraphy are and there's the semantic implementation that I've been managing with Steve Richard a bit which is in GitHub but that is not the normative value although ICS I believe I'm not sure if Nick's car is on this call but he's now the web master for ICS and is basically planning on shifting so that the semantic version becomes the normative version of the geological time scale at the moment though it's only updated and I've got the energy so actually I'll skip this one the point I was making here was just that some systems allow you to reflect very fine grained revisions at an individual term level shown by the historical versions available thing but most systems tend to hide that behind closed doors I'd also as part of this slide deck reflected on some of the ways in which governance is done in the official standards community like ISO with its five-year review cycles and technical committees and multiple drafts and review stages you know similar system used by the Open Geospatial Consortium although it doesn't have such hard timelines W3C has very hard timelines two-year timelines on a working group to produce the recommendation and you know also the different ways in which these standards are published ISO standards of PDFs OTC standards these days are HTML but prepared using a particular pipeline W3C uses its own standard HTML and it's all done there so sort of a summary thing we're working on these 10 rules and we've done one for the making of the vocabulary fair and the next one we're planning on doing is maintaining a fair vocabulary which is part of the governance story and I've just given you a few precedents for how some well-known controlled vocabularies are governed at present okay thanks


So we're just going to do a quick lecture on kind of high level differential expression concepts, and then we'll pivot right back into continuing the practical exercises. As I'm sure most of you already know, the idea of differential expression is really trying to take the dream expression or abundance estimates that we're generating and tie them back in some way to genotype or phenotype. We're usually asking questions like which genes or transcripts are being expressed at higher or lower levels and different groups of samples. And are these differences significant where we're trying to account for things like variance and noise in the data. And there's of course like an infinite number of examples of kinds of differential expression questions you could ask. In this course we're asking are the UHR cells different in HBR brain cells are the HCC 1395 tumor cell line samples different from the normals. And one of the, or maybe both of the team or practical or integrated assignments rather we're asking are the wild type cells different from knockout cells or SHR and a knockdown cells. So these are this kind of simple comparisons we've set up for you. You may have similar or more complicated experiments or for questions in your own research, but the general idea I think of differential expression applies. We're using among other approaches package calls ball gown. So just to quickly introduce the idea of that I think you guys actually already ran this last night. That was the last thing that we did. And this uses a parametric F test. And it's kind of a more complicated statistic than a lot of approaches where it's actually comparing two different models. So, what it does is it fits two models to each feature where features like the gene or transcript, using expression as the outcome, and then one including the covariate of interest so like tumor versus normal or HBR versus you HR, and one without including the covariate of interest. And then it calculates an F statistic and a p value using the fits of these two different models. And it determines significance if the model that includes the covariate of interest fits significantly better than the model without the covariate. This is just kind of like a complicated way of doing effectively like the equivalent of like a Wilcox test or a T test or something. It's really just asking like, is the values for your gene significantly different between condition and condition B. And then like many approaches, it adjusts for multiple testing by reporting Q values, which is my default at a false discovery rate of 5%. Ball gown also comes with a bunch of visualizations I don't think we've looked at these yet so we'll probably do that today. And so that's one of the reasons we've included this package is that it like allows you to quite quickly get to some some nice visualizations, especially these like transcript level. Visualization that might be a little bit of work to produce on your own. I can show you like not only expression levels of the genes overall but also the individual transcript levels and you can kind of get a sense like okay this particular isophone with this structure seems to be more highly expressed and explaining most of the expression from the gene locus for this particular gene. But there are lots of other approaches and we're going to cover at least one or two of them. The conceptually biggest alternate approach is to use raw counts instead of these like kind of complicated TPM values that are derived from from string tie. So we're going to show an example of how to do differential expression based on those raw counts using edge R instead of using the string tie TPM type approach. So a common question is, which one should I use considering between the FPM TPM style expression differential expression versus the raw count approach. This is really a long running debate. But I think the general consensus is that when you wanted to leverage the benefits of something like the tuxedo suite so that's what this set of programs we're using is called string tie ball gown approach that's part of the tuxedo suite. If you want to get that like isoform level discovery and the visualizations that will be one argument for using the more complicated normalized TPMs that you get from string time. But it's also good for visualization. So when you're making heat maps. It definitely works better to use like a normalized value like FB camera TPM than to try to directly visualize the raw counts. The raw counts are, I would say less useful for visualization because they haven't been normalized in any way. For things like calculating full change. You can also be prefer preferable to use the TPM type values. People like to use the counts primarily for the statistical methods that are available for differential expression. So there are some very robust packages that have like been shown to have very good performance of really identifying the true differentially expressed genes. And then there are also some packages that allow for more complex, sophisticated, more sophisticated experimental designs. So like, maybe you did like a time series or you have like five different conditions that you want to compare in some complicated way like in a multi variant model or something like that. I feel like there's a lot more sophisticated statistical approaches you can apply to the raw counts with some of the packages that are available. Whereas with the like the string time ball gown type approach you get probably what is a very well thought out statistical approach but it's kind of like you get what they what they give you there's not a lot of configuration in terms of how you can set it up. And in general multiple approaches are advisable so we basically always do both count based and FB cam TPM style. This is a plot we made a little while ago, running cuff diff which was the predecessor to ball gown. And edge are which we're going to run in another package called DC. And you can see so this is looking at the event diagram of the overlap between the genes that were found to be significantly differentially expressed using these three different approaches. And there's a pretty substantial overlap, but there's also a lot that are unique to just two out of three of the approaches or even one out of three of the approaches. So depending on what your downstream goals are. If you do, maybe two different approaches or three different approaches, you have some options right so you could say I'm going to just focus on the most arguably kind of robust genes that were identified by two or all three approaches. Those are probably really differentially expressed, or maybe you want to be more comprehensive maybe you really don't want to miss anything and you want to take, like the union of all of them so any gene that was identified by any one approach could be considered important, or something in between. So that's kind of why we're trying to introduce you to at least a couple of different options. So lessons learned from the microarray days. You guys probably don't even remember what microarrays are at this point but before we had RNA seek we had microarrays. And when I was doing my PhD this is what a lot of it was based on. And there was a long period where this was like, I would say a highly relevant slide because the lessons learned from microarrays that were really being ignored, I would say an RNA seek experiments, it's much, much better now so I feel like we're kind of past this phase, but you should think about doing power analysis for RNA seek experiments so just because you have like a great technology like RNA seek it does not remove the need for biological replicates and for good study design. So there were sort of like hundreds of early RNA seek papers where you were seeing like comparisons of like literally n equals one to n equals one. It's kind of like what you have now a single cell RNA actually, or what you've had for last few years where because of the costs and the complexity of this new approach, and wanting to kind of understand how it works. There's a lot of excitement and there's you know how many papers have we seen the last two years with like one sample with 500 cells compared to another sample with 300 cells and like pretty sweeping biological conclusions being made. That's probably not a good idea, just like it wasn't a good idea to do like an end of one versus end of one RNA seed. We're doing an end of three versus three here for like practical reasons right because it would be a hassle for you guys to type out or copy paste like 50 commands. In many cases you should probably be doing, you know, larger sample sets more replicates, although there may be cases where three is sufficient. Multiple testing correction is also extremely important, more important than ever really so when we had microarrays for a long time there was sort of like 20 or 30,000 genes on the array. It's hard to getting like exon level or transcript level arrays that had maybe hundreds of thousands of features being measured by the microarray. But with RNA seek you have like a near infinite number of features, sort of depends on how you define them you have basically all of the genes. All of their possible isoforms their introns which can be expressed at some level. The actual exon exon junctions that are being expressed at some level either because of the sort of noisiness of the splicing machinery or because there are legitimately novel alternative splicing events happening all the time. Look at the data from so many different levels like you can do exon by exon comparisons you can look now for other kinds of RNA species that you wouldn't have been able to before right so like micro RNAs or link RNAs or other kinds of RNAs and as a result we have like millions or tens of millions or hundreds of millions of features right so you start doing all these comparisons between all those features you're going to get significant results that are just by random chance that are mostly spurious. So you need to like think about what question you're asking about maybe doing future reduction and then certainly doing multiple test correction. So the downstream interpretation of expression analysis so this is really a topic for an entire course. The expression estimates and the differential expression list that we're getting from string tie and ball gown or some of the other approaches like HTC can edge are can be fed into many downstream analysis right. You can do you know clustering and visualize that with heat maps. Some of that is provided by ball gown. And we also provide some kind of old school art code to do those kind of visualizations. You might do classification analysis where you're trying to develop like a model or a biomarker that predicts outcome or predicts prognosis or something. So if you want to do pathway analysis and dot dot dot there's many other kinds of analyses you could do. So we're going to cover some of these, but certainly not all of them. So just to reorient you for where we are we have at this point. We've got our raw data we've done alignments with high set we've done transcript compilation and estimation with string tie. And then we've done differential expression with ball gown. And we're going to kind of just pick up there we're going to finish that module which had just a little bit left and then start looking at ball gown visualizations and then doing other kinds of differential expression statistics and visualizations.


The whistleblowing policy was launched in Nigeria on December 21, 2016 to encourage people to voluntarily disclose information about fraud and other forms of corruption or theft. The federal government of President Muammar Dubuari acknowledged the failure of whistleblowing to yield results saying it has lost momentum. The policy revolts the whistleblower will provide information about any financial mismanagement or tip about any stolen funds to the ministry's portal with 2.5% to 5% from the recovered funds by the Nigerian government. Now looking at corruption and large spending of government in Nigeria, does whistleblowing still exist? Joining us is the program manager African Center for Media and Information Literacy, Afriq Mill, Godwin Oniyachilem. Godwin, how are you today? I'm fine, how are you too? Fine, thank you Godwin. The whistleblowing policy that was implemented by Dubuari administration was at best and it was an insult to the Nigerian public. How would you respond to that? Well, I'll start by saying that, I mean, if I'm not going to give Dubuari administration credit for anything, I'll give them credit for introducing the whistleblowing policy. The whistleblowing policy happens to be one of the most creative strategies in Dubuari's anti-corruption fight. A number of strategies were introduced, I mean, about the whistleblowing policy happens to be the most creative one among them. And the policy was launched in December 2016 by the Dubuari administration through the federal Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Finance, then Mrs. Kemi Adiyachilem. When the policy was initially introduced, I mean, it caught on among the people, it was great, people were interested, I mean, said it. That was the first time the Nigerian people were being invited to join the fight against corruption. It has never happened. No government has ever brought the people into the fight against corruption. And Dubuari government thought that, I mean, they needed the people because they realized that corruption cannot be fought alone by the governments who they must involve the people. And that was the reason the whistleblowing policy was introduced. And it caught on very well. It started in Godwin. Like in the wildfire. Godwin. I can get you. Some of us for more than a decade, for more than a decade, agitated for the proper submission of an executive bill to the National Assembly for a whistleblowing law to come into effect. Some listening to you now may think you are being unduly, unduly leaning to the Buwari administration because President Buwari, apart from the federal minister of finance, had an attorney general who sat in his office for eight years and did not deem it fit to submit an executive bill to the legislature for that policy that the average Nigerian was ready to engage with to become law that wasted our time and indeed made a mess of the policy and ultimately made Nigerians now to further be disillusioned if such a very positive law that we've seen in other jurisdictions work if it were to be submitted to the legislature now. How would you respond to that? I think I agree with you to some extent but I would not agree with you to the extent that it's a hopeless law. It's, I'm sorry, it's a hopeless, there's no law yet, it's still a policy. It's one thing I wouldn't, I would discredit the Buwari government for was the fact that I mean the government that had the good sense to introduce that policy or to have also followed up with an executive bill, I totally agree with you and it stems from the lack of political will to fight corruption. If there was the will to really fight corruption by the Buwari administration, I think it would have gone on to follow up that whistleblower policy with an executive bill and ensure that that bill was passed before the HTR tenure expired. Yeah, to that extent, I think I agree with you that it was a failure on the apart, not to ensure that. Godwin, I think alone the law, you know, so I think it was of the political will of the administration to really fight corruption and we could not see it, we could all see that at the end of the day the Buwari government didn't fight corruption, you know, it just came and then you know, it ended up really, it's ironic that we seem to agree but maybe, just maybe I am sounding more like an average Nigerian an average disillusioned Nigerian who is so disappointed at the missed opportunity of the Buwari administration. I guess, you know, I guess somebody like who is a professional who knows how sometimes it's tough for things to move from non-existence to inquate, the inquate existence we add under Buwari of the policy maybe you are at least a bit glad but I am telling you now that to an average educated Nigerian many are feeling insulted that Buwari's administration practically practically abused their senses by showing them or indicating that it wanted to fight corruption but ended up leaving a sloppy policy and you know too that there is a major difference between policy and law but we seem to agree but you seem to be a bit very lenient with the administration maybe because you were positively a number that the policy came into being Yes, I mean to that, I think it was better than not having that policy if we didn't have that policy, I didn't know what we would be talking about now there would be no advocacy for, at least that policy has done two things now one, it has challenged the culture of silence among the citizens of this country so that policy has come out to say that you don't have to keep quiet when you observe wrongdoing or corruption around you the second thing the policy has done to the Nigerian people is to challenge that culture of acquiescence the culture of agreeing with wrongdoing as if it is legitimate practices that seem to make wrong practices that seem to make wrongdoing legitimate that culture is challenging it, it says that you can't keep quiet now at least we have that but I think it's painful that we don't have a law yet but we are driving towards that there is an executive bill already which was approved by FEC in December last year so we were thinking that before the Wari government winds up in May 2029 it would have submitted that to the National Assembly Minister Oye Chalam let me chase let me chase one of the most important reasons that you have submitted in this short program one of the most important reasons I have designed from your point is the fact that the policy properly implemented initially the policy was quite well engaged by Nigerians and properly implemented that policy could have democratized the fight against corruption would have saved the state a lot of the wastefulness that we use to pretend to be fighting corruption would have brought in enormous amount of revenue to the commonwealth back from those who are stalling it would have incentivized would have incentivized activism from the general public so look at all the pockets of opportunities that the misapplication of that policy seem to have squandered now and yet somebody played penality to throwing and you seem to be praising that player that after all he handed Jesse how about penality to throwing now penality to throwing I think that we missing something I can hear you I can hear you I think that we missing something where I also agree with you that there is full implementation of the policy you know the policy is to decide now in the federal ministry of finance in a unit called the presidential initiative on continuous audit so that unit is the one that manages the whistleblowing policy they are not funded they are not they are not they are not they are not they are not they are not mobilized in method even if even when you are persecuted for making disclosures or corrupt practices in your various other institutions are entitled to protection that's that's unfortunately unfortunately alone the network is is as it is we may go for a show what did that have who is being persecuted okay go ahead go ahead wrap it up wrap it up yes yes yes I am saying that the policy is bounded by pika it's in the federal ministry of finance a unit in the federal ministry of presidential initiative on continuous audit they are the managers of the policy so they are not funded they are not trained Mr. Godwin Mr. Godwin thank you so much I think you must be a very generous marker I would have loved to be your student because all your students will be getting a plus plus even when when they are sloppy or not dissing because you seem to be a generous awarder of marks it's been a pleasure my brother we will do this another time time is so so against us thank you we want to thank you for this thank you so much thank you so much thank you


Then you should be able to upload it upload and share your slides to the screen now Sorry Christina You should be able to share your slides to the screen now. We're happy to begin the recording started Okay, so can you see my screen now? I can yes if you want to go into full screen mode Okay, so Christina, can I start now? Yes. Yep. You can start Okay Hello everyone Welcome to this ALT CPD webinar now. I'll just introduce myself. I'm Lin you can call me Lin and I'm from University of Winchester United Kingdom and Today we are going to share this Project that we have won The highly commented award last year from ALT Association for learning technology so myself and My colleague Amy Tan will be With you to today we are going to explore Data-driven teaching approach to enhance a student experience during the pandemic now so first of all The session today we have an overview here I'm going to start with rationale and the challenges and what is data-driven teaching and then we'll discuss about this student students self-reflection and Finally, what are the teaching interventions we introduced? After we have got all these data Now I would say that this project We got it last year as I said just now We have got the highly commented research project award from ALT and then Last year we know that We are struggling with this pandemic and I'm sure that COVID-19 impacts on our student learning and I'm not sure You have introduced any hybrid Hybrid teaching hybrid learning or any online learning at your institutions, but For myself and other colleagues at Winchester's we found it is a challenging process and challenging experience last year whereby when we delivered the sessions the lectures or seminar online through the teams and We don't know we are not sure whether our students are fully engaged in the learning or not because What we can see is only the screen the camera some some of them, you know open the camera. So I'm sure that every one of us share the same experience last year and so the challenges even more for the subjects that we are teaching Amy's teaching finance and teaching taxation. These are two challenging subjects technical subjects and for example Amy's module The finance we have long-term finance IRR and then for my module taxation we are struggling to With all these Overloaded content. Yeah, so especially the UK tax is always very complex now. So these two modules Year-long module which means we have Delivered the module from semester one semester to the whole year So the first semester we have 12 weeks and then second semester. We have another 12 weeks. So What we found challenging the most challenging is how to engage our students in learning throughout the semester one and semester two and then how we engage them online and through the All the virtual Learning environment or any platform that you are using Okay, now so today we are going to look at the challenges that we have so students when they struggle with the To subject the technical subjects they ask for help and then We need to know or sense the warning signals from them whether a Any any of our students they really struggle with certain topics and We also want to know whether we have to pause and we play which means so we Pause a little bit when our students students are struggling so we teach the topics again or Explain in further detail so that to help them to understand Or whether our students they ask for more exercises extra exercises any additional questions are required or not and Whether our students they need some personalized feedback So these are all the challenges that we are facing and what is the solution? so our solution here is we try to Identify digital footprints of our students. We want to know whether our students are really Engaged in the learning or not So the only way we can know is from the system from the computer from the The digital footprints they left on the system So that's why we use the Data-driven teaching approach now so the data-driven teaching approach As you can see from the slide here We start from the collecting the data and then we analyze the data and Then we from the data that we have we make a teaching decision Say for example, we design our teaching approach We design our teaching soft to do and then we plan we reflect So this this is a cycle now So today we are going to share with everyone here about the data that we have collected and then we Transform the data has been transformed into learning analytics and That is the input To our data-driven teaching now So first of all we look at the data that we have we have Set up the weekly formative assessment We have online quizzes on the weekly basis and then we also set some questions every time we Deliver a topic we ask students to complete a short survey So they reflect on their learning as well as we look at the our Learning management system which is canvas we are using canvas at our university and then we look at the engagement data and activities Of course, we have class attendance and as well as an interim assessment So all these are the input all these are the data Which are very useful for us to inform our teaching practice now So this is an example a screenshot of weekly formative assessment that we have now as you can see from the screen this is the What do you call the Quiz online quizzes for example the question here We have 96% answer correctly and the other question only 30% answer correctly now So in that case we know that the first question is quite easy and straightforward for our students And then the second question Seems more challenging now. So from here, we know that Which areas that students are weak at and Then from here, we have self-reflection on learning because we believe that Students reflection will be very useful for their learning as well as for our teaching approach to design our teaching approach So from here as you can see that the weekly short survey We have a question one a question two we asked our student. How well do you feel you understand the topic? So the student answer us from the survey Whether they feel very confident or they understand it perfectly or they really need more help and then question two we We were taking the approach To develop our students to become independent Learners rather than they depend on The lecturers to help them. So we ask them What would you do to improve your understanding? Rather than how can we help you? Okay, so the students is an example The student answer say oh now I have a copper finance book So I'm planning reread through it and then take notes and and so on and so forth So we can see from the response a student response. They they take initiative to do something to improve their learning and then from the engagement canvas analytics here as you can see student one is student two there is a Difference so a student one active engagement Recorded the 600 overpage views and then 30 participation when we say participation means a participate in the online quizzes Okay, and the formative assessment and other learning activities online learning activities Whereas the student to as you can see here poor engagement zero participation And then you have 81 page views only so from here. We know that which students they are really weak in Engaging the engage with the learning or the online activities then we start to offer help So we identify those students at risk at the early stage before it becomes too late Now so from here the student Attendance also part of the data that we have been using So our students support and success teams will contact those students who rarely attend the classes So they they offer help and support for them Okay now so we come to the learning analytics and How we are going to make use of the data So first of all the engage we engage the students using the prerequisite settings because the kind of system allow us to Have this prerequisite setting, which means students must complete the learning task of one topic All the learning tasks in one week before they can progress to another week So we make the computer to control and monitor them and then with the engagement report they reflect on their learning and Then they also Tell us What are the action plans for their improvement for improving their learning now then? How are we going to support our students? We either we retake the topics or we Offer the topic recaps Yeah, so say for example, we found that certain topics really challenging that in the following week We repeat it and then we sometimes we give students surprise tasks We without telling them there's a task but only one question one or two questions only then we have a multi multi-media delivery and Exam focus revision now I'm going to share with you the examples that we have been using now So the students self-reflection we believe that Self-reflection is the key expect in learning complex subjects. So in this case, we make use of the analytics now Before we started the project at first we thought that we use it We are using the data and analytics for our teaching designing our teaching strategy But later we found that why don't we ask students to look at their own analytics To look at their own learning analytics data and then they reflect on all this analytics So we find that this will be more helpful to develop independent and responsible Learners now. So as you can see from here the students after looking at the Learning analytics, they feel that they haven't engaged enough With the content. So for example, the students telling us that oh I'm going to focus on areas where I'm awake and and submit the quizzes on time so this is the time management and We also found that some students say that they are going to take notes. Okay, they are going to start with the new habit learning habit to have a more not taking or They some of them say that oh, I got to improve on my attendance Okay, and I'm going to do more revision. So as you can see from here students looking at this learning analytics, they start to reflect on on their learning progress Okay, so we found that this is a very very interesting finding that we have From from this data driven approach on top of the using the data for our teaching practice now So the teaching intervention for this one, I would like to ask Amy to explain how she did it for his module Hello Yeah, so because the the project we use it on two different modules and I mainly run the finance module So for my module I I use a traffic light system Which look into further details about the scores of the different topics. So I use the traffic light system to highlight and the areas that need more attention, which is the one that below 50% So as you can see that some of the topic students achieve quite high in terms of their quizzes So I only focus on the red areas So I don't give them the questions to do or we teach the topic Or give them Q&A sessions for them to ask any questions to clear that up on this specific topics But again, this is not the only way that we can intervene the teachings I think Lim has his own approach in terms of how to intervene the teaching in the taxation modules You want to talk about the text module in Okay. Now for the taxation I I'm using the scaffolding quizzes So if I notice that certain topics that students are struggling for example in this case You can see from here. I have introduced additional basic quizzes that means some simple straightforward questions I introduce before student progress to Attempt more advanced and more complex questions So I don't do it for every topic, but I only do it if I found that certain Topics that students are struggling Okay, so according to the literature, we know that the speed of learning would engage if we started with the easiest questions Now so as you can see here, okay, these two topics students struggling so that's why I Introduce additional basic simple questions and the quiz for student to complete before they proceed to more advanced topics Now on top of that, I also Created the animation animated video for students. So to make learning fun. So so that students Can learn the topic and improve their understanding better rather than those Just look at the PowerPoint slide. Okay. So as you can see from here, I created a cartoon Video for my students Okay, now then I also use the puzzle which means this is a Integrated quiz interactive quiz Insert within the video, which means the student.  Okay, so these are additional support. I Offer to students for those challenging topics So any question now, so I'm going to ask Amy to Conduct a Q&A session okay, so Can I Okay, I will go back to this one. Okay Now so basically if you have any questions, we can ask and then we can discuss here. So over to Amy, please Hello everyone, and thank you for listening to our presentation So we are now taking questions if you have any questions that you would like to ask about the project that we've done or you would like to share your Experience of using data analytics or how do you still talk after listening to this presentation? Will you consider? applying institutions so we are Happy to hear from you So you can either ask the unmute yourself and ask the questions or you can type in the chat So yeah, thank you Kiffa and Kiffa is using more the platform So you use learners script for analytics Yes, so Kiffa what what do you mean by missing data? You can unmute yourself. We can have a chat. It is very informal. We just like kind of like Yes, of course, hello, and thanks for this useful information I Missing data means sometimes error in report Sometimes the students not attend but it's a peer attend in the rewards. So I think there's errors in database and I search a lot for the best Reborts analytic plug-in for model, but I didn't see any Solution, so if anyone from attendance or you can help me choosing the right app for analytic rewards I think I think this is up to the institutions into like at Winchester, we do not use model We use canvas. So the analytic app that we use is actually part of canvas analytic and Learning analytics that is embedded in canvas. It comes together with canvas So we have these data It links all with attendance and the engagement how much how much they engage with the specific modules So I'm not I'm afraid I'm not able to answer about the mood app because I do not myself use Moodle Okay, thank you Yes, so we have a question from Richard Richard will interested and whether you feel if monitoring page is a good measure of engagement Whether it is important to remember there's only part of the picture and has some limitations technical His question. Yes, I totally agree Richard. We of course although this The the data that we see it show us to the engagement But it might not show the overall picture because say for instance a student might view the page so many times But the view it just it does mean that they click the Materials and it will be counted as per view. Some student might Clicked it once and download it and then print it and then they do it offline So the data analytics might not be able to capture Overall through picture, but it does give us Assign post of whether any students they don't actually Engage at all Because at Winchester we use the data in two way either the student engagement is really low So we will We have the support and success Team to contact the students But if it is just a case that student just click it once and download it and then print it out and do the revision offline That's fine. But also we also look at the views is the number of views is really high It would show that the student anxiety level because they feel Unsafe if they don't click click it So we look at it both way one is to engage the students But also to to give us an early sign of whether they're well-being it's supported Yeah, so we do it that way Not sure whether I have answered your questions correct Richard. If not, then please do let me know. Thank you So Any other questions or what do you think that you will actually after I'm not sure whether how many of you actually currently using data analytics as part of your learning Collecuums or activities, but if you haven't and we will be Would like to know that whether You will find it interesting to use it after today after knowing that the data analytics can give us More insight into student engagement. You actually use different types of Different ways to monitor student engagement or what was experienced during the pandemic when we had to deliver everything online So, how do you keep track of the students engagement Today since we it's just a small group of people here, but how we would like to share with us Your teaching experience or a student learning experience with us during the pandemic and how do you find the session today can give you some ideas or you have any plan In the future to to to to use what we we are using now To integrate in your teaching strategy, perhaps you can share with us Amy if nobody has any further questions, I'm happy to end the recording now and we can leave the conversation to carry on maybe on Twitter or something. Yeah Okay So in that case if you don't have any question, I have my I can leave my email address here If you like to keep in touch and You can look at the track pink here So you can always contact Myself and Amy If you like to proceed further If these are data driven teaching approach, so this is my email address typing my Perfect. Thank you very much If you're happy for me to end the recording now, I'll go ahead and do that. Yeah. Yeah, I think we So, thank you so much everyone for attending the session today


We have E. Quley Emmanuel who joins the second conversation as we look at their attack by bandits on Buhari's advance convoy in Katsina at the Salah celebration. Quley Emmanuel, is it good to have you join us this morning? It's an honour to be here. What do you make of the incidents as regards the attack on the president's advance convoy? Every responsibility of every leader is the protection of these people. And when your neighbour has been attacked and you don't take caution that you'll be next, that is what happens. The government of the day has not been concerned with the social security reform. So these are just the symptoms of the truth, but the inadequacies that have rendered the system not being efficient enough to defend the citizens of the country. So what do you think that is the major issue in tackling in security in Nigeria? I think that the security apparatus is not sufficient to tackle security concerns or it could be other issues. For instance, you have the APC asking for an extension of time to tackle the insecurity situation that we're faced with. For me, I know that the security agents in the country are competent enough to address this conflict in less than one week. But they have been sitting or back and forth in this fight against the already gained and done this way in the country. If the fight is not yet won and you are busy screening people that have been arrested for same crimes, you are complaining about this problem. Because you have pressed the security agents to go and arrest people about in thousands. And you render their work useless by screening these people. You know why this fight against terrorism is not yet won. So even they themselves will be discouraged with this. Another thing again, if you arrest people and you are not punishing them according to the laws of the land, they know that yes, they are both human. That is why you cannot do anything to them. They come on air, actually announced that they are going to attack this area. You've noticed this, of which security get people hurt, but they do nothing about it. So for me, it has always been that the government of the day is supportive of this trend. Because even security agents themselves that have resigned have come out clearly to state that at one time or the other, they have been stopped from actually carrying out their mandate. And some of their colleagues have lost their life because they have insisted on cleaning out the bad guys in the field. So it shows clearly where they stand or the direction of the president or our service chief has. So just like I've always said, we can in the streets of moving forward. The National Assembly has to sit and see this as a problem. If they don't sit as a problem and act as check on the president and put pressure on the president to fulfill the responsibility of protecting rights and life of the common man, all this will just be a phone or a normal service. So issue mandate and give the service chief one week. Go to this area and address this problem. If you cannot do this, you will be replaced. But let's also look at some of the issues that are of a major concern. Some people think that this attack would have been avoided if you had a surveillance team. Let's not forget that the convoy that was attacked is the advance team of the president. You have a set of people who will go ahead of the president to ensure that everything is all right. Prior to this time, should there not be a surveillance? So that's on the one hand. On the other hand, what would you say is the implication of all of this? Especially after the spin and attack on the NDA, you want to say that that should be very stronghold. A statement has already been made and now you have an attack on the president's advance team. Does that say anything really? For me, I've already said it, but I'll keep on emphasizing it. If you keep a dog in the house and what value you allow the dog to be eaten and sharing the same food with you on the same table, it gets to a time it feels like it's the owner of the house. So the president on his own have been clearly established to this issue of terrorism. For a long time now, this issue could have been addressed by just as I have said. If he is there is no punishment for anything wrong done, that means more persons will go into it. And gradually this will also become a ministry or a ministry of people because this person's movement was just about one person kidnapped one car, slaughtered one human being, asleep their girls, and then people will bring millions and give them. So they are doing this consistently and in the country's law, what is the punishment for murder? Instead, the work the government of the day is doing, after the military and all these persons have pressed themselves to arrest even copies and people that have committed this crime, the government will just sit on its own and see them. Do we have a sanctioning judicial system in the country? Why don't the president allow them to carry out their mandate? But instead, we have this thing of this terrorist attack in this place. People see in the north have come out to say they are hit parents to these people. It means even the military know where these people are staying. Who means most times also go with security agencies to even have rapport and relate with these people in between and all that. So the military then know where these people are located. We have the Navy, what is their responsibility? All the service chiefs need to work together to address this conflict. And I have only said there is need to actually, outside the president's office of the service chief, he shouldn't have the power to do it. I don't have the power to do it. There will be room in this. Everything after this president is staying. There should be nobody to do it. Yeah, it is all. We have to go now. I'm so sorry. Thank you so much for being part of the show. We seem to be having some distorted audio from your part. And that's on the network this morning, but we really appreciate your time. And I'm sure it's a topic would like to talk about as we proceed in the course of the week. No problem. Thank you so much. Have a great day. And that's the size of it. I mean, the attack on President Muhammad Buhari's advanced team. It's really, really bad and very sad. And it's just a signal that we need to pay attention to security. Everyone has a right to life. It shouldn't be because, you know, the convoy of the president has been attacked. But what if, you know, you had Mr. President himself on the particular convoy? It's really saddening. But that's the size of the conversation. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Do subscribe to our YouTube channel, The Plus TV Africa and Plus TV Africa Lifestyle. I am Merci beaucoup.


My fellow Americans, you've heard me say that nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. With the day I wish to speak to you about a struggle which we do wage every day, a struggle we must win if we're to protect our freedom and our way of life. At stake, our government's secrets essential to our national security. Protecting these secrets against espionage and any hostile intelligence threat to the United States is a heavy responsibility. Citizens to protect America's secrets are usually done quietly with little publicity. Well, lately they've been making big news. Some of you may be wondering if the large number of spy arrests in recent weeks means that we're looking harder or whether there are more spies to find. Well, I think the answer to both questions is yes. The threat is certainly increasing. The number of hostile intelligence officers in the United States and working against us around the world has grown sharply in recent years. Espionage spying is not a game. It costs our country secrets and millions of dollars in stolen technology. It can also cost lives and threaten our national survival. This administration has given high priority to improving our ability to detect and counter any hostile intelligence threat. We've added resources, people, and top-level attention to this task. We will not hesitate to root out and prosecute the spies of any nation. We'll let the chips fall where they may. And we've had impressive results. From 1975 to 1980, the United States apprehended a total of 13 spies. From 1981 through this year, we've apprehended 34. Here let me add a word of appreciation in particular to the men and women of the FBI who have been working so diligently on this vital and sometimes thankless task. In the past, we've had some difficulty in readily admitting the intensity of this threat. Today, however, we approach the intelligence threat with a new degree of realism. We recognize that the KGB and others seeking to exploit the openness of our society are not 10 feet tall. Neither, however, are they midgets. We're up against aggressive people who take their jobs seriously. There's no reason to sugarcoat reality. The free world is today confronted with some of the most sophisticated, best orchestrated efforts of theft and espionage in modern history. Today, the Soviet intelligence services and secret police, the KGB and the GRU, and their surrogate services among the Soviet bloc countries, Czechoslovakia, Poland, East Germany, Bulgaria, Cuba and others, are hard at work. Their activities include classical espionage and what they call active measures. They're employing all the means we associate with spies, including electronic espionage against sensitive communications and other sophisticated techniques to steal our secrets and technology. As events of recent days have made clear, many nations spy on the United States. The totality of this threat underscores just how important it is that we protect ourselves. What better time than this Thanksgiving weekend to remember and give thanks that we live in the freest land God has placed on this earth. Yet, even with our freedom, we must have the ability to protect certain vital secrets. So much depends on this. Our diplomatic efforts to advance liberty and preserve peace, our own ability to see and hear what is going on in the world, and the readiness of our military forces and their effectiveness in carrying out their mission anywhere in the world. While our security is tied to protecting certain secrets, there is no need to fight repression by becoming repressive ourselves. Taking the problem is the first step. The arrest we're seeing now should alert us to the danger we face. Even skeptics should recognize how necessary it is to maintain our top quality counterintelligence efforts. At the same time, we can learn through each espionage case how to prevent these spies and turncoach from hurting us. In 1981, we began a comprehensive review of counterintelligence, security and countermeasures. While much has been done, culminating in additional arrests, there is more we can and must do. We're currently seeking a broad range of reforms and improvements, including reducing the size of the hostile intelligence threat within our borders, better monitoring of exchange programs, improving government communications and personnel procedures, better analysis, expanding counterintelligence capabilities abroad, and ensuring the security of U.S. embassies and bases throughout the world. We're working closely with the Congress in addressing many of these needs. I'm asking for your understanding and support as we move ahead together to win this struggle and keep America free, secure and at peace. Until next week, thanks for listening and God bless you. And they did. And they came in an afternoon of feeding and all of a sudden he started looking. Oh, looking for arms? Prodigy, his child. And they could find out he took off, and up onto the nearest hill, and looking all around and nagging and calling and down over and over again. Chestnut, he didn't turn. Yeah, dirty. He's done. You in my raincoat? What is? He's an airplane. He's an airplane. He's an airplane.


European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen arrived in Kiev on May 9 for talks with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky after a new wave of Russian airstrikes on the capital. The trip falls on the European Union's Europe Day, which Ukraine adopted as its own on Monday, underlining its ambition to join Western institutions after applying to join the EU last year following Russia's invasion. von der Leyen paid respects to Ukrainian soldiers, killed since 2014 and then visited outdoor exhibition of captured Russian hardware placed on St. Michael's Square. Good to be back in Kiev. Where the values we hold dear are defended every day, she said on Twitter alongside a photograph of her arriving by train. She began her highly symbolic trip shortly before Russian President Vladimir Putin marked the Soviet victory in World War II with an annual military parade and speech on Moscow's Red Square. We are in the bridge which our defenders destroyed in order to prevent Russia's pursuit of Kiev. This is a couple of kilometers from Kiev. Have you heard of the UNESCO page? More than one thousand years old. Have you looked inside the museum? Yes. It was also one thousand years old. Our monastery is dedicated to St. Michael Archangel. The main church is dedicated to St. Archangel Michael. We have been done with the Soviet government, this church will...


Salaam, you're watching the International Daily Roundup. People's dispatch is selection of some of the top stories from around the world. Let's first take a look at today's headlines. Tunisian journalists are set to strike on the 2nd of April. Starbucks employees in Seattle win a vote to unionize. Haiti faces heightened food insecurity. And mathematician Dennis Sullivan bags the able price. First up, journalists in Tunisia will go on a nationwide general strike on the 2nd of April to protest government control and interference in public media and to defend freedom of speech and freedom of the press in the country. The National Syndicate for Tunisian Journalists, the country's main journalist union, announced on Wednesday, March 23rd that it has approved a mass strike by journalists. Union official Amira Mohammed cited, I quote, the president's attempt to control public media and the authorities' insistence on hitting the sector, as the two main reasons that force journalists to take this collective strike action. The journalist union has criticized the president and the current regime for a number of recent measures and reforms to drastically reduce the independence of state media. These include attempts to bring state television directly under the control of the president, banning state television from inviting opposition political figures on debate programs, and severe restrictions regarding reporting on information that the government might deem sensitive. Several journalists who refuse to reveal their sources have been arrested by the government as well. On July 25th, last year, the president, through a series of extraordinary measures, seized virtually all executive and legislative power in the country, dismissing the prime minister and government as well as suspending national parliament. These actions have been widely condemned in the country and by the international community. Next up, in a symbolic win for a Starbucks store in the coffee giant's hometown of Seattle, its employees have voted unanimously to be represented by a union, becoming the seventh unionized Starbucks outlet in America. Employees at five stores in Buffalo, New York and one in Mesa, Arizona have already voted in favor of a union, and the staff of six other Seattle outlets have plans to unionize as well. The Seattle Times has reported. The workers unionized with Starbucks Workers United, an affiliate of the Service Employees International Union. Out of the 13 employees eligible to vote, nine voted in favor, one ballot was challenged and none voted against. Capital Hill employees said they unionized in support of their demand for better healthcare coverage and company policies. It was, and I quote, a fundamental and necessary way to participate in Starbucks and its future as partners. End quote. Now the employees will negotiate with the company for a first contract. With only 1.2% of employees in food, services and drinking places being members of unions, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employees feel that their victory sends a big message. The Caribbean nation of Haiti has one of the highest levels of food insecurity in the world. The World Food Program on March 22nd warned that nearly half the country's total population is at risk of hunger and needs immediate food assistance. The UN agency, citing the latest integrated food phase classification report, the global standard for measuring food insecurity, reported that between March and June 2022, 4.5 million Haitians, that's 45% of the population, would be suffering from severe hunger. The WFP further reported that of these, more than 3 million Haitians, that's 32% of the population, would be in a situation classified as the crisis phase. And over 1.3 million would be in the emergency phase. WFP representative in Haiti, Pierre Honorat, through a video conference, pointed out that the situation is worrisome. Being the worst registered since 2018, he said. In 2018, half of Haiti's population was undernourished and the country's global hunger index score rose to 35 from 28 in 2009, reaching the alarming threshold. The official highlighted that the Caribbean country's dependence on food imports places Haitians in an unfavorable position due to the devaluation of its currency against the US dollar. Honorat also stated that 70% of the goods in Haitian stores are imported, including basic products such as rice, 80% of which are imported. And finally, the Abel Prize, one of the most prestigious in mathematics, has been bagged by mathematician Dennis Sullivan based in the United States. The 2022 Abel Prize has been offered to Sullivan for his contributions to the field of topography, with studies qualitative properties of shapes and related fields. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, which announced the prize, hailed him for, I quote, changing the landscape of topology by introducing new concepts, proving landmark theorems, answering old conjectures and formulating new problems that have driven the field forwards, end quote. First awarded back in 2003, the Abel Prize represents a lifetime achievement. The 24 Abel Laureates conferred with the prize so far are all renowned mathematicians. And that's all we have on this episode of the International Daily Roundup. For more details on all of these stories, head to our website, peoplesdispatch.org, and do give us a follow on Facebook, Twitter, as well as Instagram. Thanks for watching. We'll see you tomorrow. Goodbye.


I take your lifts, squat bench dead, overhead, what it might be, analyze it, try to coach you up. If you wanna get involved, we need three reps at 70% email to askmikkeatgmail.com. Appreciate you guys and if you like and enjoy these style of videos, please do me a favor, give it a thumbs up and subscribe. Now we got some conventional deadlifts. What's up my man? Okay, besides that little bounce pass at the end, John Stockton in the house, I think this is looking like a really, really clean pull. You have real good patience off the ground. It looks like the back's in a good position. We'll have to see what comes next if we get a side angle.  You can notice how the bar doesn't skip, your hips do not shoot up early. And from what I can tell on this pull right here, we got a A1 pull. Ladies and gentlemen, leave a comment below if you agree. Moving on to some sumo pulls. Really, really solid. Your general form I'd say is really good. That was your best rep right there to be honest. A couple of them, what's happening is you're rushing a little bit too much.  But typically with the sumo, we want all our motion. We want our knees and hips to start moving at the same time with the barbell. That was a little quick cut there, but get a little bit more tension, fall back, weight falling back a little bit. We got another sumo pull. Not a big fan of touching goes. If you guys have followed me at all, I did a video on it. Overall, there's the slow-mo. It looks a little bit better here. So like I said, we want our knees and hips and the barbell and our shoulders, everything to start moving at once from the bottom. And that tells me that we have tension in the right areas. We're toyed in the right spots, if you know what I'm saying. So get that slack out of your arms, heavy hands, tightness in your back. Really solid there. You can see the knees lock out just before the hips, which is okay, as long as they're all moving together. Your hips might be a hair low on that rep. That one's a little bit better. Again, going with a more touch and go style. I'm not a big fan if we can get a full reset. We're going rapid fire through these videos. We're going to try to help as many people as we can because we got thousands of emails. Overall, all these sumos are good. The inconsistencies in your reps are what I'd worry about most, my man, right here with a backwards hat and a socks. Although some of them are really, really good.  And overall, what we're trying to do with reps beyond the volume of gaining muscle and gaining strength, the volume in training is a great time. It's just repetitions. It's like shooting 100 free throws. It's like going to the batting cage. It's like going to the driving range for a golfer. The reps are what allow us to practice. And what we want is that stroke, that deadlift form that's set up to be the exact same time and time again. So then when we do come to a new one rep max or we're doing a rep PR or we're doing heavier loads than we imagined we ever did months and years from now, that everything will just click and you don't have to think about steps one through five to get through your deadlifts. So we got to really focus in on making them consistent, all look the same and obviously the best form that we can. One thing I understand is, oh, I don't know if it's good form. I can't see it. I feel it. This is true. But that's why we kind of work with submaximal weights as much as we can and we can focus on, it's a load that we can focus on and feel our bodies a little bit more and at least tell if it's consistent or not. My man here, first I would ditch the heels. I'm not a big fan. I'd probably recommend going with some flat shoes. Number two, hips are probably a hair low. That's why you're getting a little bit too much bending in the back. If you get your hips up a little bit, a little bit flatter back and push your weight backwards, get your body weight behind the bar. A lot of pulls today. Everybody trying to build that big back though. More sumo action. Overall, it's a little rough angle here, guys. If you can get straight from the side or straight from the front in the future, we'll be better off. Overall, that looks really, really solid. You have a pretty small torso or short torso from your hip to your shoulders, which kind of lends in your favor to pull. You can get into a better position easier and it's harder to get into a shit position when you have a really short torso. If you have long arms, then you'll automatically kind of be in a good position to pull. Right there, continue to push those knees out and I wouldn't worry about getting your hips too low right there, my man. I'll just worry about falling back and then keep forcing those knees out and flex your quads. One thing you can kind of see on that rep, it looks one, that's not 70% because it's getting a little heavy, but two, you can see as you're squatting down and what I mean by force those knees out is we want the tension in our hamstrings and glutes and almost teeter-totter with that barbell. If you guys go back a few videos, maybe two weeks ago, I tried to give the best example I could on how to do this.  One, maybe the waist is too heavy to do a triple. Two, if you have tension through your whole system, the point is that we keep the barbell exactly where we want it from start to finish of the lift. Weights are always gonna get heavier. Yes, the closer you get to one rep max, the uglier a lift may look, but if we can keep the barbell and our body where we want it in space, then most likely 40% will look very similar to 100% besides the bar speed and that's the goal we're going for. One, because we can build the proper muscles. Two, because we can handle more volume. The more efficient we are in a lift, the more volume can handle. And three, I guess more weight we can lift. And I guess number four, the less likely we are to get injured. That's all the point of this technique are all those factors right there. Overall though, my man looks really, really solid. Again, I would work on that tension, the teeter tottering back. Everybody's got them straps on, not a big deal if you don't plan to compete. Okay, so we talked about in the past a little bit difference in some of the styles of pulling kind of a lower hip and a higher hip.  And for this individual lady right here, it's really solid. What I would try to do is maybe try to get those shins a hair more vertical and knees more out. You may actually have to move your stance in for yourself to do that. But overall, if this is working for you, I wouldn't switch much besides that. You can see the knees going forward, which I know many people will talk about it being okay. I think optimally it's not gonna be best for most. What I'll try to do is move that stance in. I think we have a different angle. If we do that would be really helpful. It might just be a slow mo. We do, it's just a slow mo. So you can see the knees going forward a little bit. And again, yes, you can maybe flex your quads a little bit more, but it's gonna kick that bar path out of the way. On the deadlift, especially sumo, we want a perfectly straight bar path. If not backwards, back into our body just slightly. That's gonna be most optimal. And because you can get your hips really low and keep your back flat, which is good, your nips knees are traveling forward. So move those knees in or stance in and knees way out. And then we'll be able to fire those quads just a little bit better with the proper bar path. I'm getting out of breath. I'm doing cardio over here, trying to preach to y'all, trying to get it going. But overall, a really good job for everybody in this video. It's awesome to see everybody continue to improve. And that the general, the bottom line of technique and training in general that we see across the board, not only online through these videos you guys are sending me, but on Instagram when I'm swiping around, discovery feed, trying to have some fun, trying to see everybody's improvements. And also in person, you know, I visit a commercial gym here and there and to see the general baseline of technique is much higher than it used to be a couple of years ago.  Moving back to some conventional polls. Oh, don't turn your head, buddy. You're gonna break that track. I would definitely recommend trying to keep your neck straight. We can get some imbalances and we can get a really, you know, potential injuries in our neck and trap. Overall, I'd say again, your hips are just a hair too low and the lockouts just a bit soft. So we want those hips up right there's a little bit better, but you start with them too low, which means I can tell there's no tension in your hamstrings.  Again, we're squatting the weight up and we need to be hip hinging the weight up. So hips a bit higher and start forcing them backwards. Again, keep that neck straight. And then at the top of our lockout, both sumo and conventional, think about someone pulling a string from the middle of your head. We want to stand tall and strong, flexing our quads, flexing our glutes and not overextending backwards. Often when we overextend backwards, our knees will unlock. One, it's just not safe to be holding a large load. Yeah, I said large load while not allowing some structural integrity of stacking our bones basically. And two, bending your knees after you lift the weight is a no lift if you plan to compete. Moving on to some more conventional. Next, a little bit cocked for me.  Again, guys, landscape and try to get the best shot you can so I can help you the best I can. But overall, I'd say pretty dang good poles, my man.  We just call that a soft lockout. Just stand tall, flex your quads, flex your glutes. But overall, really, really good. I think we're going with the slow-mo. You can see from the setup, both sumo conventional for the majority of people, not everybody, for the majority of people, I have them bend over at the waist right there. And then we start to get that tension, pull the slack out of everything. So he leans back a little bit. You can see the arms flex, you flex your lats, flex your back, start to teeter-totter backwards. So there's already tension in our hamstring, there's already tension in our back, and then there's tension going through our arms. Think about your arms just being chains or ropes tying yourself to the bar. And then I just start pushing the bar away from me. Both sumo and conventional. It's a little bit easier to imagine sumo. Once I lock in my midline, breathing, embracing, flex my lats, literally all I'm thinking about doing is flexing my quads, pushing the ground away from me, and falling backwards. Sumo, or excuse me, conventional, it's a very similar sensation. It's just a little bit harder to feel because you have that tension in your hamstrings. You can't just flex your glutes. You have to think about almost leg pressing. This is something Ed Cohen talks a lot about. And once you start to lock it in and feel it yourself, it helps great. You start to leg press. You start to squat and push the ground away from you as you're pulling with your back, as you're kind of doing a back extension or glued hand raise type movement. And you do those simultaneous with the conventional. We get a lot of success. Again, a slight touch and go right there. I would like to see the bar a little bit more reset in between reps, but for the overall form, really, really good. I think your hips are in the down position a little bit too long. Yes, it's called the dead lift because we're going from dead space. But what I'd like to see and what you want to take advantage of is a little bit of the elasticity of your muscles. And once you have the technique down, we don't want to be in that down, tensioned position too long. I'd rather have high hips than slam them into place and pull. Overall, actually, that's a really, really solid. I guess you're doing a little bit less of a touch and go than I first thought. I appreciate you guys. Be sure to give this a thumbs up. Subscribe. We'll catch you guys in the next one. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday. New videos, I'm out.


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