Hello everybody! This video will show you how to recover lost or deleted photos in the raw format. An image in the raw format is a photo saved by a camera to a memory card with minimal processing. Though raw images seem to become a knowledge, raw is a kind of a generalized name for a large group of formats meaning unprocessed pictures, but every camera manufacturer actually has their own raw format. For example, they are R-A-W-R-W-2, Panasonic, C-R-W-C-R-2, Canon, M-R-W, Konica, M-R-W, Minolta, ORF, Olympus, ARW, SRF, SR2, Sony, DCR, KDC, Kodak, NEF, NRW, Nikon, PTX, PEF, Pentax, R-A-F, Fujifilm, SRW, Samsung, R-A-W, R-A-W-L, DNG, Leica, B-A-Y, Casio, X-3-F, Sigma, A-R-I, D-P-X, Arri, E-R-F, Epson, 3-F-R, Hasselblatt, M-E-F, Mamiya, R-3-D, Red One, DNG, and Adobe Software. So in this video, we'll talk about recovering photos in these formats. In fact, recovering raw pictures is a very wide topic, but in this video we'll go into detail on recovering raw files which were lost or deleted because of the most frequent reasons. Deleted by mistake. This is the most widespread reason why raw photos or other images are lost. Formatting or format operation errors Most often raw photos need to be recovered after formatting a memory card. It happens not only because the photographer formats the card. Sometimes users see the error you need to format the disk when connecting the camera to a computer. Mishandling the memory card or damaged file system The file system of a media-like memory card can be damaged while it is taken out of the camera or when it is ejected while saving or copying data, and sometimes it can be damaged by a virus. As a result, you can't use the memory card or USB drive without formatting it first. Rural pictures when copying or transferring data from the camera to a computer Raw photos can be lost or deleted as a result of a power failure when copying or transferring data from the camera to a computer or laptop. So how can we restore the lost raw photos? Raw photos lost or deleted from a camera, memory card, or computer can be recovered until they are overwritten with other files. For this purpose, we'll be using Hetman photo recovery. Find the download link in the description. So let's begin. Let's suppose we have a memory card containing raw images. When connecting it to the computer, we can see there was a failure which resulted in a format error or damaged file system. As a result, we've got a formatting error. That is, we cannot access the raw photos and they will be erased by formatting. In fact, any situation is possible, and whatever it is, there is something to be done to recover the lost raw photos. So to recover the raw photos, run Hetman photo recovery. In the first window, click Next. Select the memory card. By the way, if you connect a memory card to a computer while it is still inside the camera, the utility will not see it. Connect it to the computer through a card reader. Double-click on it. Fast scan will be better if you have deleted the file by accident. If there are problems with the file system or after formatting the memory card, content or analysis is the weapon of choice. Next, specify criteria to search for files. In addition to standard settings like file size and date, the utility will offer you to choose file types. There is a special line given to raw files. After all, Hetman photo recovery is meant to deal with photo formats, including most of the raw types. Select a format or choose all raw formats. You can also select all files and soon I'll tell you why. Click Next. As a result, the process of analysis will start for your media. Wait until it is over. When the analysis is complete, Hetman photo recovery will show an image, all image files it has found. Click on a file and see its contents in the preview window. You can also have a look in the properties window to see its size, date when it was created and when it was lost or deleted. If you are happy with the scan result, go on to saving the files. If you are not, here is an important aspect. A raw file is a large and complicated file containing the maximum amount of data about an image. That is why if the quality of the recovered file is not good enough or it is recovered but it is damaged, sometimes it makes sense to scan the media again. This time, with all files option enabled. As a result, photo recovery can find this photo in JPG or TIWF formats instead of the raw format. There is nothing unusual about it. If the damage to the media or images is too heavy, the utility will try to restore the data with signature analysis. It can change the photos format. Quite often the quality is good enough when compared to the original one. Select the raw files you need to recover and click Next. Choose how to save the files. Very strongly recommend against saving them to the same media you are recovering them from. It can get them overwritten. Specify the folder to save the recovered files and click Recovery. Ready?  And you can see that the files have been recovered. If you need to recover not only photos but also videos from a memory card or other media, you can do it with Hetman Partition Recovery. A link is in the description as usual. I'd like to draw your attention to the fact that if the files were deleted accidentally, in 99% of the cases there's not going to be any problem to recover them. On the contrary, if you don't handle the memory card or camera right, or if there's a file system error or damaged file system, the quality of data recover will depend on manufacturers, which means that recovering 100% of data in 100% of quality is not always possible just physically. That is all for now. If you found this video useful, hit the like button below and subscribe to our channel to see more. Ask questions in your comments. Thank you for watching. Good luck.


Good morning. Oh vlogging. That was quick. Can I strap it to that thing that makes it a smooth turn? Alright let's go. We gotta go. We do? Yeah. We're making french toast. Babe you're not about to eat that. Babe I'm making you french toast. No! You gotta show them at least that you're eating it. I don't approve that. Okay good morning guys. I just decided like five minutes ago that I was gonna vlog today. So let's do it. I don't know if we have time. For what? All that stuff. We just got time for french toast. Okay. We're gonna make french toast. And yes. And maybe some strawberry. I'll cut up some strawberries. Practicing today in Connecticut. Which is cool. He hasn't practiced yet here. That's why he can't be here that much. Cause he doesn't have a place that he can hit. With someone but we found. Or his coach found an academy that's close. I'm heading with some kids. From the Greenwich area. To the Stanford area. But yeah it's good that we found somewhere that Tommy can practice. Cause then he can come more. Right? Yeah. That can come a lot more. Why are you eating all these treats? Do we see another donut? Huh? Oh you're gonna cut them up for me? Wow babe. You're so helpful. I would say a bowl. Like a pretty bowl. What else are we doing today babe? Yeah I might go buy a truck. And... Did you see my apartment? Said I was slaying. And then I commented that I was slaying the boots. Love that. You were slaying the boots. For my french toast I just do eggs. Milk. Cinnamon. Maybe like nutmeg. Allspice. Salt. I don't know what the normal recipe is for french toast. This is how I make it. I don't think I've ever made french toast. Oh yeah Tommy has to go to Boston tonight. Oh wait I forgot you put vanilla in your french toast. Oh yeah. You need that. I literally would have forgotten that. Just a little bit of vanilla. That was a lot. Smells so good. Hey did you wash those? You didn't? You're so silly. What arena? Guys I bought this really nice skillet. Stolen. Stolen. Gone. Someone broke in and just stole the skillet. It was a nice skillet. Like whoever had it. Good on you. Just putting a little bit of butter in the pan. And then I'm gonna put this bread in the mixture. You like that? Yep. That's a good move right there. Wait for breakfast? Of course. Okay my camera is charging. I'm going to get dressed for the day. And then we're gonna head to Tommy's practice. So I think I want to wear something cozy. Which is usually my MO. It's cute and cozy. So cute. I'm gonna put in some hoop earrings. So guys I put up some wallpaper in my bathroom. And it looks literally like so much better. Although they just take everything out of my bathroom. And now I have to put everything back in. So that's what you're seeing behind me. Like I haven't reorganized it yet. We're leaving. Like it said yesterday. Like 19 minus now it says. 35. 35. Wanting a truck since I moved out. She's buying me a car. I've never been in your car without you. I came here looking forward to one of her projects. But I guess getting your car would be the... Okay so I forgot I had a meeting at 12. I'm not getting the car. I don't know how I forgot. And then I'm meeting at 1. And then hopefully we can go get the car. Maybe I don't have to be on this second meeting. No it's fine you can. We have time. I just gotta leave from the dealership. At like 3.30. It's so cold. No it's like a leaf blower. Oh. It's annoying to share. I know Olivia is like 2 minutes away. But like when you say... Okay the first meeting is done. I think I'm gonna make food for us now. Cause we have another meeting in 15 minutes. Someone commented on my last YouTube video. I was like I like the lifestyle stuff. But I don't really like the meetings and the going to the warehouse. And I was like I do have to work. Okay I'm not done cooking that yet. But we have to hop on our second call. This second call is with a PR media team. That we're hiring for my personal brand. And for Dairy Boy. So I'm very excited about that. He's from the collection that we like. I'm done. Let's uh...  Okay. We got ones online. Okay.  What else is new? It's always about to die. Okay well we're back on the road. We're going to the car dealership now. Like I said I was doing before. The two meetings went really well. You can ask for it. And then I have to shoot an ad for Urban Outfitters. And then shoot an ad for Dolce Vida. And then Tommy's leaving me. We're in the first truck. Nice glasses. What does it say for the towing capacity? Four cylinder V6. It's either 3500. Another reason why I want to buy this truck is because I want to tow my horse. What does that say? Four cylinder. This is four cylinder? Yeah. So we need the truck to be able to tow. This ain't gonna do it. Really? Yeah this is 35 probably. This is a truck. I really like the color of it. Can you scan it? Yeah. Okay Tommy tell us about this truck. 2015 King Ranch F-150. It's a nice truck.  It smells so bad in here guys. Like so bad. Oh Jesus. This is like absolute heat. It's big. This could definitely tow the horses. Dope or like mid-sized trucks I've ever seen. Really? The tires are really cool. The tires end of the shop. This is fire. I might need to cop it. I think you got to. I think I have to. Toes like up to 8,000 pounds. Small bed. The tires are so sick. How does it feel? I love it. I really like this. It's got the ZR2 package. Okay so Tommy had to leave to go to Boston.  Showed her the new car. And now she's dropping me off at my house.  So I got the car. The car I'm gonna go pick it up tomorrow once we figure out insurance stuff.  He had French shows today so. Just touching up my makeup and putting on more makeup to shoot this campaign for Urban Outfitters. It's like a Valentine's Day campaign. I'm gonna do like a really pink look. I wasn't wearing like that much makeup today. Just like a lot of bronzer. Not much concealer. No foundation. Just like the flawless filter by Charlotte Tilbury. Put on concealer. And then I'm just like baking my face. An idea for a shoot. I wish I had a pink bow. I think I do have a pink bow. Wait that's so random. Okay I think I'm gonna wear that. I wanted it to be like very Valentine's Day. E? Cause that's what the campaign is so. So Tommy left. I just like had too much work to do. So I couldn't go with him tonight. But he has a dinner. Like business stuff. With some of his sponsors.  And then Amanda's coming over for dinner tonight. I don't know what we're gonna make yet. But I'm excited about that. So just gonna get this work done. Oh and then we also have another meeting tonight with our denim manufacturer. So just like a lot today. So I could not go with Tommy. But today was a good day. It was a busy day. But it was a good day. Yesterday we also had a really good day. Tommy and I went on a trail ride together. He just borrowed one of the horses from my barn. But yeah I might make this into a two day vlog because I get to go pick up my car tomorrow. My new car. And I might go to Boston tomorrow to see Tommy depending on how much work I get done today. My February is very busy.  Also have to go to Florida at the end of this week to shoot in another campaign. Like an edit that I'm doing with a brand.  And then Amanda's gonna get here. Hopefully my camera will be charged. And then I can show you guys what we end up cooking. Okay I finished Dolce Vida and Urban Outfitters. And now I'm just uploading them on my computer. And I'm gonna look at them. Amanda is here. We just opened this massive PR package from Victoria's Secret. Literally massive. We ordered takeout food. Yeah they sent a bunch of cute pajamas and lingerie and stuff. We ordered takeout. I'm just gonna finish editing the videos I have to do and editing the photos. And sending the photos over. And then we have another meeting. We're gonna eat dinner. Yum. Yeah you got two. Yours are taquitos. Yum. We have a picture of it in comparison that we took where we could see that difference in weave and shading. We don't have it with us right now. Oh my god. My eyes are closing. Back on another call. Good morning guys. I've had a really crazy morning stuff and I don't feel like you guys would have been very entertained. I feel like this vlog I've just been doing like a lot of work and like meeting stuff. Which is like the reality is something I want to show you guys because I obviously like don't show that side on a lot of my socials because it's hard to like every time I have a meeting I'm not gonna be like me in a meeting but when I blog I feel like you can definitely tell more. Some days are busier than others. Like these last few days have been extra busy because February is so busy and because we have like a lot of launches and just a lot of projects coming for the spring and the fall and it's just a busy time. But I didn't want to bore you guys this morning. Like I want to show that stuff but I don't want to like have this vlog only be that. So I'm gonna be vlogging today. I want to bring you guys with me to go get my car.  So we're launching new camo hoodies on Dairy Boy which is really exciting. So I have to shoot in that and I also wanted to ride today and I also need to get my nails done. I really doubt that I'll be able to get my nails done today just because I won't have enough time. Tommy's coming back from Boston today, tonight. So that's really nice. I get to see him. I probably want to make him dinner. I'll probably make like lasagna or something because that's his favorite thing and yeah. What I want to do in a short period of time but I'm going to go get my car now and I want to bring you guys along with me. We're back with Mans. So my mom is dropping me off or coming with me to get my new car. Tommy still has my car in Boston so we are on the way. Okay, I just stopped at the bank got the check for the car I'm doing big girl things mom. I'm big girl. I'm adulting. I'm adulting when I'm on. I gotta hate it. It's a little painful. Great. Okay guys. I'm in my new truck. Pretty fun.  Just feels good. Okay guys. I'm just driving home now. I need to quickly stop home. Get dressed for the barn. Sorry I didn't bring a tripod thing for my camera but I need to go run home and get ready for the barn. I want to ride and then we're going to shoot some content. Okay. We are about to go to the barn now. Ride. Shoot a little. Anything else to do today? Edit some stuff. Videos. Get the website going. True. We're launching this on Friday. I don't know when this vlog is going up. We just pulled up to the barn and Olivia goes why are they all looking so weird? Like why do you think they look weird? Because they're standing there? They're just staring. They're horses.  Oh my god. Oh my god. What is that? Something is wrong. It's not normal now. All the other horses are getting all riled up. That's never happened before while I've been at the barn. Look at the tail. Oh my god. Oh my god. Never a dull moment. We got the random free roaming horse. Hey. We just finished at the barn.  It was a really pretty night. Anyways, we're going to go home and eat dinner. I think I'm going to end the vlog now. Yeah. Bye guys.


Hey, everybody, this is Brett with Summit Auto in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and today I'm excited to show you this 2009 Ford Mustang Bullet GT Edition. This 2009 Ford Mustang Bullet GT has the 4.6-liter V8 motor, which has been calibrated to push out 315 horsepower. This car has been fully safety inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off, and this car is 100% ready to go. In fact, this car is leaving in about 10 minutes here, so it is sold and spoken for, but I wanted to get a quick video of it before it went out just because these bullets seem to go as quick as they come in, and I very rarely get a chance to do a video on one. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the look, styling, and condition of the vehicle before seeing in person. If you like the video and want to check out more videos, then the lower right hand part of the screen is a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel. Click that, and then click the bell notifications because we do videos each and every day of our amazing inventory here at Summit. So it comes with the bullet rims that are painted alloys with the polished aluminum lips, and these are 18-inch rims on here, and it comes with Michelin 23550 ZR18 tires, and these tires have a good amount of tread left on them. Dark Highland Green Metallic is a color, really a cool pink color on here. It's got a lot of metal flake in it, and the sun, it really pops. It seems to me that these cars always have the most particular owners to them because they always just come in immaculate, no dents, no dings. Very rarely do you see scratches and scuffs on them, and this one was no exception. It came in, and it was just amazing. In fact, it sold within three days of us getting it on the lot, so they definitely go fast here at Summit, but this car is really cool. I just wanted to do a video because I never get a chance to video one of these, and this one actually has the rear window delete, which is pretty cool. So you notice right there, it's filled in, looks like a louver on there, but if you look from the inside, you can actually see out the vehicle from the inside. So it's deep tinted right here, and then it's painted on the inside there, but really a cool window replacement. This one has the factory windows in it. There's no spoiler on the bullets, and they all come with this really good looking exhaust. I don't know if it's just for the bullets that these come with that, exhaust tips, but they always look really clean, really good, and this one's no exception. You get the bullet logo on the back there, and once again, dark, highland green, really a cool color. So check inside. We'll start it up and take a look through the whole vehicle. Inside the GT package gives you the black leather interior side current airbags. Nothing too special about the seats. I mean, they're your standard Mustang GT premium seats. It comes with a really nice set of all-weather floor mats, power windows, power locks, power mirrors, back seats on this one were in perfect condition, as you'd guess, and a latch child safety system. So everything seat-wise is pretty much a stock Mustang GT premium. Now as we hop inside here, this is where the changes are. You get the bullet on the steering wheel. That is leather wrapped. You get cruise controls on there. Notice you get the machine finished dash trim, and that is kind of unique to the bullet package. I'm turning it on and showing you the miles on this particular car. This one has 17,000, oops, let me close the door. So this one has 17,340 miles. You get the special cluster right there with a different font for the numbers. Part of the bullet, it's kind of the bullet font, if you look at that, it's kind of a bubbly font. So that is different. This one has the Shaker 1000 sound system, the six-disc CD changer. You have all your climate controls, and then the five-speed manual transmission with the bullet shifter on there. This one also has the ambient lighting, so you can color change the lighting in the cup holders and on the floor. I don't know if you can see it over there on the floor mat, and that changes color too. But passenger side seat, no rips or tears. This vehicle has never been smoked in. And you can see out those back side window louvers type deals, they're really cool. You can see out of them, but you can't see in them. So pretty neat stuff. We'll check out the trunk, and then we will start it up, take a look under the hood. There's some cool stuff under the hood as well. It's numbered, and the place where you find that number is under the hood.  Like I said, I think these people that own bullets are really particular and definitely have to have things a certain way. There's a Shaker 1000 sound system with the subwoofers there, and this one comes with a tire inflator kit. And it has the original glass from those side windows in here as well as the factory floor mats. No nothing special on those factory floor mats. And I believe this one has a spare tire in it too. I'm just always amazed at how particular these bullet cars come in, just super, super clean. We'll start it up, listen to the exhaust, check out under the hood, and then we can be done with this one, and it can go to its new home in the next five minutes. Sounds really good. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today, and hopefully from this HD video you'll have enjoyed the walk around on the bullet. And got to learn about it a little bit more, and check this super clean one out. Now this one has a cold air intake on it, 4.6 liter V8 motor, and it's very clean, runs very smooth. There's that plaque I was telling you about, so it comes with the numbered cars, 6498 on this one, with the bullet badge as well as the bar there, the crossbar. All of our vehicles go through 130 point inspection here at Summit Auto, and this one is all done, and is 100% ready to go to its new home. There's the emissions sticker, 4.6 liter, this one has 315 horsepower, calibrated to be a little bit snappier for the bullet package. Normally they come with 300 horsepower in this model year, this one's 315, and once again Dark Highland Green is the color, believe the paint code is JX, might have to double check that. Anyways, super clean car, really glad I had a chance to video it, and see more pictures of this car, one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SCVs, challengers, chargers, Mustangs, GT500s, Camaros, Corvettes, you name it, we got to go to that website right there, www.SummitAuto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations, all at SummitAuto.com, and if you want to check out our YouTube channel, you can go to www.youtube.com slash Summit Auto, remember to like, subscribe, share, click the notification buttons, the bell notifications to get updates on videos we do each and every day here at Summit Auto, and really glad to show you this awesome 2009 Ford Mustang Bullet in Dark Highland Green Metallic, thanks again for checking out the video, remember to like, subscribe, share, and click those bell notifications. Thanks again.


Samantha Brown you've been all over the world thanks to your travel channel shows you have a new show coming on PBS tell us about it. It's called Samantha Brown's Places to Love and it's all about finding the destinations, the experiences and most importantly the people who make us feel like we're really a part of a place. Everyone talks about going where the locals go and doing what the locals do and I'm sort of defining that and for me I feel like it's when you feel like you belong so where are those places that we as travelers can go to anywhere in the world but feel like we belong there. And you had a lot of episodes in the U.S. but you also have some international ones and by the way the show is premiering early next year. Yes 2017 would that be? No 2018. I've been traveling this year so I missed a whole year. January 6th 2018 on your PBS channels. You went to Houston, Ireland, Shanghai. Yeah so 13 episodes we started in Houston which of course just suffered just destructive floods and we just got word back that everyone we featured is okay. So we think that's gonna be our very first episode but all around the world. China, Shanghai, Xi'an, Canada there are 350th anniversary of being a country I believe or 375th so it's just we went all over. Are you still working with Travel Channel? What do you make of their reality-based shift to reality programming? I'm not working with them. I haven't for a few years and I think if people get excited about that I think it's a great way to go. I personally feel like a lot of the shows show places that we'll never get to go to or maybe these exclamation point experiences that are wonderful on TV but I wanted to make sure that everything I did was something that anyone could actually show up into because travel should be accessible. It shouldn't only be for these mind-blowing explorations and these once in a lifetime trips. It's also about the weekend trip. It's all also about going to a country you've never been to or maybe a state or a town in your own state so that's what we try to incorporate into the show it's just accessibility of travel. I think that's what made your show so successful which is you would go into a hotel and point out you know the carpeting on the floor or the marble in the bathroom or the chandelier in the lobby. It was so exciting. As a kid we stayed in motor lodges so now I had this show where I was staying in luxury hotels there were $700 a night and I just like took every toiletry I could even in the slippers because you're like oh my god. Don't tell anyone. No exactly. Well I always tell people you can take those toiletries and the slippers they're like really like yeah those are yours. Take the slippers. Just don't take the towels or the bedding. That's it. Or the bathrobe. Don't take the bathrobe. That's right. They will charge you for that. As a content creator what is your what is your take on these shift to digital. Has that helped things for you. I think so. I mean again I like all forms of media and I think it informs everyone and what digital gives you are these quick hits because I feel like the people's their attention spans are quicker in the digital world and so you need to get them immediately. So that enables me to still be on television and tell a longer story and then be able to break that up digitally. So we can I can show my content so many different areas that will get a younger audience will get an older audience and it'll appeal to even more people. Well speaking of a younger audience I mean are you noticing this renewed interest in travel especially among millennials because if you look at the travel and leisure stocks and you talk to their CEOs they'll tell you yes. It's always about the millennials. Absolutely. Everyone loves the youngins as we call them and absolutely and I think what I love about the millennial aspect of travel which is far different from my own is that they know already they don't have to go to Paris and hit all the must sees. That idea of we have to wait in a two-hour line to get to the top of the Eiffel Tower. That millennial already knows no I don't need to do that.  They're already where like maybe I am now or maybe I was 10 years ago and I love that about them. They're adventures there they want to get the local scene and those must sees and must do's are not so important. With the exception maybe of Versailles because I waited on a two-hour line. We all have to go there sometime. Exactly. You have to see that right. Bite the bullet. Let me also ask you about your your best travel tips right because the airports it's not getting easier over the years. The TSA lines are only getting longer. No they really are and I think I mean I always tell people you want to arrive at the airport. I mean I fly out of New York airports which are crazy busy so I get to the airport an hour and a half of the boarding time of the flight. This is the number one tip I tell anyone. Don't base your arrival to the airport on the departure time of your flight because your flight's gonna board 45 minutes before that time and you need to be ready for that flight then. So make sure that everything's based off of that. How do you get a good deal on airfare and also cruises because all these storms I'm sure has depressed the price of you know cruise trips in the coming months. I'm a big fan of alerts. I don't have my own crystal ball and I rely on alerts. One of the best alerts I've gotten for 20 years now is airfarewatchdog.com. It's run by a wonderful man named George Hoboka. He's been following the industry for a close to you know you know easily over two decades and I sign up for alerts and I know when the prices and I think we were talking about this before. You sign up for a price alert on a certain flight. You wanted to go to Paris so you just follow that flight and then you know wait a minute that's a good deal but a part of knowing what's a good deal is understanding the history of the price. So sign up for alerts and just kind of monitor where those prices are from now until mid-December is one of the best times to fly in terms of price. Average price of an airline ticket is about 250 bucks anywhere in the United States because kids are back in school. There's also something that people don't know called a dead week. It's a terrible name but a great idea and these are the weeks that there's no one's traveling and those are the best prices so it's the day right after Labor Day that week and then right after Thanksgiving up until mid December. Those are amazing times to know obviously if you have jobs or if you have kids you can't do it but of course there's a huge group of people who can travel whenever they want. All right this is a good time to travel. And just quickly before we let you go you have an incredible story just in terms of how you got your job at the travel channel years back. You want me to tell that story? Okay briefly. All right so I was missing a connecting flight Washington Dulles very difficult airport to get through and the plane I got to the gate and they said we already called it you can't get on I said please let me on and they're like okay go down and check so I went down the gate and it was one of those flights that you had to walk on the tarmac to get to the jetway didn't reach the but and so I'm walking to the gate the plane and a guy stops and said you can't get on that plane I'm like please you don't understand if I've been waiting on tables I think I can get this job you have an audition I have an audition to make sorry I have an audition to make and I got to get on that flight and so the man walked up and I saw him walk him to the cockpit and talk to the pilot because the pilot could overrule his decision and I just picked up my bag and I ran I put myself under the nose of the plane and I said please and the pilot looked down on me and just did one of these and that's when I knew I got the job obviously that's something I couldn't do today post you know 9-11 but this was in the early 90s and I got on a flight that I was going to miss if I was going to miss that flight I wasn't gonna get the job and that was after waiting tables for what 10 years 10 years in New York City which is really 20 years so what is your advice for young people starting out right now oh my god and want to do what I do I just think just I mean I started so young doing what I wanted to do and just now I feel like I'm in my zone so never give up and never think that there's a certain age where you should have accomplished your dream keep going for it you will get it all right Samantha Brown thank you so much nice to be here to see you all right I'm Scott Gamm and you're watching the street


On this 4th of July, many people want you to believe that celebrating America just means waving the flag, or standing for the national anthem, or shouting America first. But that's not what real patriotism is. Real patriotism means sacrificing to keep America going. It means paying taxes proportional to your wealth.  It means paying your workers a living wage so they can thrive.  It means fully reckoning with how racial oppression and white supremacy have shaped this nation, not whitewashing our history and ignoring racism's continuing legacy. I'm talking to you, lawmakers, trying to prevent students from learning the role race has played in our history. Real patriotism means protecting American democracy and our form of government, not trying to overturn an election that's been upheld by 60 federal courts and the Supreme Court, or seeking to suppress the voting rights of people of color.  And you, former guy. Real patriotism means not flooding our politics with big money, so the voices of the people can be heard.  And it means putting the interests of our country over partisanship. Mitch McConnell. 100% of our focus is on stopping this new administration. Finally, real patriotism means using your position of power in the media to inform and educate the public, rather than weaponize lies and promote extremism to get more clicks and views.  On this 4th of July, let's commit to real patriotism. It's not easy, but it's the necessary hard work we must undertake to make this country better for everyone.


Okay, so there's two types. There's French chocolates, which will go amazing with the coffee over there And there's Icelandic chocolate and the brand I wish we had like the brand is called omnum I'm not shitting you. This is the brand Just for that go to Iceland because it's totally worth it Also, if you ask me a good question, I might throw a chocolate so this talk is called polishing Ruby and the subtitle kind of hinting at the idea of what I mean by polishing Ruby The idea is to basically together even if you're someone who's not confident We're gonna kind of go through kind of like my experience not being confident with Ruby And the question I want to ask every single one of you in this room is Why are you here? so I'm gonna let you finish, but my blog is titled polishing Ruby and has been around since 2005 and it's the best blog ever So the problem with that is that I totally start writing the talk without remembering that someone has this title It's a great title and that's why I stole it It feels great and technique like practice this thing, but it's actually hard to manage So the the idea is like why are you here at RubyConf sitting there listening to people talk about Ruby? It's probably because some at some level you kind of care about Ruby. I hope And what I want you like what I want to try to exercise with you is to prove that if you do care about Ruby You should maybe try to think about a finding a way to leave it better than how you found it Maybe a few years ago or maybe just now if you have any ideas Nobody's asking you to change the world. We're not asking you to revolutionize the garbage collector Like that's not your job necessarily. There's someone who's really good at that But you can add to it so you can you can add to it in a meaningful way And I don't mean like that Like don't do that. It's just like plus ones on repos and stuff like that That's not necessarily how you add to it, but you can add to it by just a little bit changing it and Not not changing it but adding something without meaning to like you don't want to change everything that's ever happened So just you know take the world as it is right now and just increase the coolness of it by a little bit My name is Olivier. This is how you say that oh leave me. Yay And you feel happy at the end. I am not a Satanist For real I promise you this is the show Silicon Valley You don't have to watch this but everybody on Twitter is like super super excited about telling me how much I look like this guy But I am not a Satanist and I really hope I don't get smitten. Is that how you smoten? How do you how do you conjugate this smiten? Smoten see there you go. We have a we're gonna talk about language. So I worked for code school and so we teach people a bunch of things like Ruby rails So if you like these things we have amazing stickers There's Katie and Joel over here that have a bunch of really awesome stickers we don't have shirts anymore sadly and recently I worked on making an API for an ILS app and I had made APIs before but not APIs that would Create a lot of havoc if they didn't work So I made it with Ruby and I made it with rails and crazily. I didn't wrote tests for it Thank you, not test driven The the reason I wrote tests because what if someone Especially me changes the API later and it breaks the app and I don't realize it until someone just says like It's not loading the right thing.  So given a user if I ask the user API for something I should receive information about data about this user. So something like this you have a user that you create with a factory or a fixture you Call the user API for that only user that exists because you just made it and then you parse that response And then with our spec if you use our spec you can do expect data to include the name or EVA Which is my name super still hard to pronounce So our spec says that's awesome. That works. This is cool. Let's go have ice cream And then I just had this moment when I was building this API was like, can I do that in Ruby? Can I ask a hash? Do you include another hash for chance? Let's try so you take the same response. That's an object that's been parsed And you ask I don't know the first thing that came to mind because of our spec was Maybe blame our spec was include. Okay, so do you include this other hash? That's you know similar and no it doesn't because that's not what This method is for so our spec is neat and it kind of like gets what I want to do but and So it has this match or called include right there and I was wondering okay So if there's a thing called include in our spec and I think called include in ruby or for the hash include What's the difference there like what is this? Include match or doing that the include method is not doing or am I misunderstanding this whole thing? So I just looked into it so there's this matcher and Inside of it It's checking when it when you're doing a match on a hash it's checking to see if you're comparing the hash with a subset And then internally so it does this thing and then it checks whether the two things that you're comparing are hash And then if you're a hash and I'm a hash let's dance You we're gonna actually compare things and I'll tell you if it's true or not if you are included in the other thing It's really good. And actually after that it does an actual Hash include so it's actually it does the simple thing that ruby does With a key and a value that's great and only the only thing is that yeah, it's very simple it just does the the the check there and As long as your value for this key is the same as my value for this key It's gonna be true which is for my API I really want to make sure that These keys and values match and not just the keys and not just the values on one side and I'm lazy So I wanted to work that way and it makes sense. So warning though this only works for one level You can't have a nested hash in our spec. It won't work or figure out like where in the nested hash It's gonna be back. So back to hash. How does? Hash include work because it doesn't work how I somehow thought it would work It's not as neat as our spec, but it's it's still kind of cool. It makes sense So you have a hash a true be false another hash a true and you ask The first hash whether it includes why and it's gonna say false Because it's basically has key so it's not checking for anything fancy inside of your hash or whether it includes it or not It's an alias to all these things are the same actually It's include has key member key if you don't like the has thing That's actually how it's named and see Ruby, but I Find that weird, but I don't know this much about Ruby. I can't really have crazy opinions. It turns out we value keys over values nobody Poor values are going to feel devalued at the end of the day So they kind of like okay So I made me grasp for this this thing because we like rules like if a necessary feature has a high Astonishment factor it may be necessary to redesign the feature, but then Can't ask the Ruby core team to redesign a feature because it brubs me the wrong way probably a terrible idea So is hash include astonishing if I compare it to say string include Which works the way I expected because I'm lucky it you know if you ask it for the same string It's a substring of itself. So this is totally fine But if you do that on array include it's not going to work exactly the same way either you can't ask an array if it contains itself so It's it's a little astonishing to me, but just to me probably so I tweeted about it because that's the first thing that happens when I have a thought I just put it on Twitter If you follow me, I'm sorry So I said okay I don't understand why it works that way and it's an AS to key when it should check for a subhash in my mind It should check for a subhash just linguistically probably not an adverb but So maybe I can do something about it. So I thought about okay So I'm gonna write down what I mean and not just in a tweet so that other people can tell me This is completely crazy stop now and they did that was awesome. So fashion honestly was like No, I expect a key check not what you think and Terrence was like no, please don't do this and everybody else So Mike fix it my my first lesson doing this like a little deep dive was my expectations and surprises are not necessarily Universal like what what surprises me as someone who's not coming from computer science because I'm not are different from what language implementers and people come from computer science expect and And also nobody wants to break the API. So like that's a thing like very important thing If you're ever gonna try to do something with Ruby don't do things that break API's because that's just no But then I got some some hope from Pat. He was like hey, what about a new method name? Maybe and that was like, okay Yes, maybe I can do something. Maybe I can have this thing and maybe it makes sense and other people are gonna agree So that's the simple question. I want to ask is does this hash contain this other hash? So maybe it should be called hash contain That seems to make sense and a bunch of people agreed So this is how we work pretty much exactly the same as the original one Wouldn't that be nice? Or it could be sub hash I think a bunch of people were when we were talking we're like this is kind of like the subset method on the set Which is kind of cool. It checks for that and then while we were talking about this And I'm just talking to just a few people just like make sure I'm not completely insane This happens this person thanks to Terrence actually Before I'm even done like figuring out if the name actually makes sense. No, we made a patch like I Don't even understand how that works like I knew he was called patch monster But I shit you're not I just wrote a gist and a blog post and he had a patch for it Yes, you had to talk to him, but that's still kind of crazy. You just mentioned it right mentioned it in passing This is the patch. It's on github. He just put it up on github And what's awesome about this patch is that if you are like me completely illiterate when it comes to see you can see Well, you can't see on this slide because it's a lot a lot of more, but this is actually not a big patch It's like 20 lines something like that 20 30 lines and there's just very simple things going on You realize that's the thing I'm dreaming of Can be real without that much crazy effort and that's kind of Feels awesome. So thank you Nobu. I don't know if you hear someone in the hallway Holy shit, thank you So that's So you don't need to know see to contribute to Ruby It's good to be aware of it like like I am now because of the way. I've seen how he's implemented that patch And also there are many good humans like him like him like him. So that's Terence Zach And and so many others that will help you even when you're fumbling and you really Your arguments not solid yet because it's totally not solid. So what now? So this is the second part of the talk. This is the part where actionable things are discussed So I'm sorry with the boring like stuff now. It's getting in the serious stuff So the second part is bugs that Ruby Lang dot org like just like memorize that as a litany You're just you're just gonna have to go there. This is the Ruby issue tracking system It's a little verbose and not the best CSS that you'll ever see and There's a lot of wikis and they're a little messy, but they're really really really helpful one of the most helpful ones is these this little for developers one and there's this thing called how to request features, so if you're if you're pedantic crazy ambitious and OCD then you're probably one of those people who are gonna think oh, I can add something So whether the first thing that you have to think about is is this thing that I want to add to Ruby a Meaningful improvement. That's kind of a vague thing, but here's how I broke it down before my thing To iterate over a hash you had to iterate over a hash or use the side effect of another method the merge method hash merge To achieve the expected result that I that I expected so like make sure that are you inside of you? after you can ask a hash if it contains another hash and it's just gonna tell you and It's expressive. It's not surprising. It makes sense Now the second criteria is is this a new request? So is this something that someone's? Actually submitted before could you please look so that you don't repeat the same thing that somebody's already asked and we turned them down And there was a good reason so I searched and I found 11 results for this weird query that I had then there was there was actually One pretty pretty similar feature of West to extend hash include in order to be able to I think check for I think past multiple arguments or something like that. It was it was Basic as you could path okay two arguments a key and a value and the way it was done was interesting It wasn't actually breaking the API. She's kind of cool, which is the thing that would actually prevent people from going no But it's not exactly what I wanted to do and it's not exactly the same scope or use case So I think like that's this will work out and the issue was a year old And hasn't been followed upon after people from the core team like ask a bunch of you know questions other people were like Can you clarify this and that so the third criteria is can it be done any other way? So if there's a way so I told you about hash merge and that's a way to achieve the same result And that's how I implemented my thing originally in Ruby, but just okay. How can I hack this in Ruby? Yes, it exists. It's either verbose Or if you loop over the hash or it's an expressive because why would you merge a hash to figure out? That's just doesn't make sense. It's like you have to take a detour Then there's also would it benefit many people so I thought okay I found this method this include method in our spec and this this is where they could the idea of it came around What about our spec like how many people use our spec? a lot of people Like 20 21 million downloads for all versions and then like half a million for this version Which is kind of crazy and that's just the R-Spec expectation gem which gets included in our spec So it seems like it could benefit people because people are using it and expecting it to work at least in this library Is it a good name? Well, if you ask the question does a hash contain another hash and the method is called hash contain I think it's a good name now, of course like Of course, there's people who might disagree But I think so Now what does the method accept as arguments a hash? What is the return value a boolean? Are there any risks of incompatibility? No because it's a brand new method and I'm not actually changing anything existing I think I think that's fine and then finally one of the criteria is right write it down So this was the implementation that I mentioned This was my super naive implementation that just did the merges as a side effect of the merge You could figure out whether it's included or not but of course no boost patches better probably faster and Finally, you have to make a concise but complete proposal which is the part that I think is the most terrifying because You've formulated these ideas maybe on Twitter or two friends or two people at conferences.  Oh, I have laser Yeah, you this is a very important part there's a thing in English you don't have to know Japanese to Submit an issue this has been going on for a while But there's still people who don't understand this and they're still worried about that to submit their issue The only important thing of that is that in your description or in your explanation of your request You include code that makes it explicit to anybody involved what you're talking about which is exactly what I'm not doing here So don't do that and then I think the other thing that I did was yeah Make sure the title is it is clear and you're not just rambling in the title So I think I try to make it as clear as possible use this to check whether something contains a hash And that's about it. This is not a finished thing. I actually haven't done this it's in my browser right now and I think I might actually submit it at the end of this talk if if nobody like tries to tackle me in the meantime So I'm still working on it and finally the final thing Finally the final thing. Yeah Follow-through so you remember the thing I mentioned where someone had open an issue similar like that So a few people gave feedback, but they the author of the future request didn't really come back to say oh, okay Sure, I'll I'll change this thing this request to assess for that So following through making sure you're responding when people actually take the time especially from the court team to respond to you It's very important. So I will do that. I promise So I'm gonna rewind really quick to the first step Because I have opinions and you're not necessarily someone like me who just like finds a thing and I'm like I should work this way But you can find an inspiration in other people's future requests If you if you're not like if you now have a strong will to change things or if you're just trying to learn how the things work in This issue tracker. So for instance, you can take Aaron Patterson's future request for I think time elapsed Yeah How he phrased it how he titled it the code that he included in there that might be meaningful to you Charles Nutter you could see how he made his own feature request So those are people that are familiar with the process and to see how they do it when they're in familiar waters may make you feel better About your feature request because you'll be like well, mine has the same amount of detail. So Then there's documentation patches. So ZZack is right here Zachary Scott and There's this really great project the Ruby documentation project and in there They're actually great steps for you if that seems like a crazy jump for you to just be a Ruby user and then change Ruby and add something to it You can make it better Documented so and I love this sentence by the way. This was right. This is like waiting for me Existing documentation and could you some polish? Exactly in form and in form of clearer descriptions and better examples examples being the things like there's a lot of really Quick sentences in the documentations, but not a lot of examples that are so it's a great place to start if you If you if you don't know where to start if you're kind of intimidated in that there's a lot of really nice step-by-step guides on on the site and also Zack may face mush you if if you do it because he'll be super happy and So yeah, there's that little getting set up thing that actually is useful not just for documentation patches because I learned a lot from that to Fork Ruby, which is on GitHub now and you know have it locally Etc. Then there's accepted features and it's something that Zack mentioned to me yesterday on the Ruby tracker There's a custom query in the sidebar that you can click on that shows you the accepted features for the current major branch I guess and In there you could see the things that need action and there's quite a few of them that are not assigned so I don't know if Right, so those are need need to be assigned There's already a ton of them already assigned so and the ones that are not assigned there's 159 So that's quite quite enough for you to chew on and of course there are bugs So the problem with bugs is that there are many people responsible for things in the Ruby core team So I don't know if it's probably Something a little more hairy to look at maybe a good place to learn how people report bugs So these are the unassigned bugs that you can also find in the Ruby tracker it sounds was fun, but Fixing or learning or understanding bugs will probably help you kind of like get Situated and of course remember that although I spent a lot of time talking about feature requests because I was excited They're a tougher sell because you're adding things that people are going to have to maintain for you inside the Ruby core team If you don't join the Ruby core team, that means somebody else is gonna have to maintain this thing that you were like I'm super excited about this This is the greatest idea ever and and then you just go and you never touch it and never fix it ever again And they have to deal with it So empathize with them and realize that somebody has to pick up your stuff Speaking of maintainers There's a really cool list of maintainers that you can find either on the wiki of that issue tracker or on the actual source Inside of Ruby doc you can find so there's one thing that I noticed that they might be I don't they might be different lists I'm not sure if they're like right Now what's nice about this list is that you'd find who's responsible for what in the Ruby core team? And also the other libraries that are not necessarily like standard Lib and stuff like that so if you if you have a features proposal say for Ostrac and You think that it should work better if you had a say in it You can go talk to Mark Andre and like find him on Twitter or find him somewhere and just talk to him or you can Find someone that actually knows about this domain and this thing or has dealt with it before So go talk to maintainers if you can Before you do your In a roundabout way. That's what I had the luck of doing through Terence You should go talk to Terence The and remember that the core team is is pretty damn busy So if you can save them work by just talking to a human a proxy of them or people who are Knowledgeable on this topic that you've seen a blog post from or something like that Running your idea by them or running your suggestion by them will save basically just distribute the load and help you get comfortable And to get comfortable. There's also a bunch of resources There's this really cool blog post that came out last week by PJ Haggerty about so you decided to contribute to Ruby Which is like perfect. It's like exactly the place to go after this talk if you want to learn more. There's Terence's amazing talk Ruby and you in which he talks about a lot of the similar things a lot of security things and how the process works and This this site called Omni ref that Tim Robertson over there puts up so if you if you're super intimidated by see the same way that I am you are not alone and This is a great place to go because he's annotated a bunch of the the trickiest part of the Ruby library and other people have to you can discuss little things you can ask questions to people about specific Parts of the end just last week. Somebody was I think reviewing the symbol Simple stuff in Ruby and figured out that there was kind of a performance issue there or something that was weird about it And then Matt's found out about it and this was fixed. I think within what a week or something like that after that Right symbol comparison. So just because someone so someone I don't know. I don't know their name sadly I feel bad looked at this with a new set of eyes and was like Why is it like this and I'm not suggesting that everybody go around like poke at everything in Ruby and say like Why is it like this? Why is it like this? But this person managed to improve the performance of Ruby just by looking at a thing with a brand new set of eyes So you're not alone and to prove that point if you've never contributed anything I made a survey yesterday, and if you haven't taken it yet, I would love you to take it And this is basically there's a few questions about your experience as a Ruby developer If you're paid if you have written a blog post and things like that, but really the core of it is this thing If you are intimidated by the idea of contributing to Ruby, why are you intimidated? So there's I don't know where to start which I hope I kind of like to reduce a little bit I don't know see which is not there's really a problem even though. That's one of the the biggest things People will figure out. I don't know what I'm doing, which is exactly my problem. That's where it's checked And other things like breaking other people's stuff So and the results are really cool So this was just just five minutes before the talk 128 people submitted answers to this so What 41% of them were over five years that they've been using Ruby over five years ago But that it's kind of like, you know a nice little even split between three four and one year ago and more importantly The breakdown of the reason why people are terrified of contributing to Ruby is really cool. I don't know where to start Not anymore There's also I don't have time to work on this which is a really good reason in which case when you're at a conference Maybe that's the space to kind of like talk about that you have people around there They can help you make it faster and easier for you and save time on the ramp I don't know see talked about that also not not a big deal So really basically the big three reasons why people don't come like feel comfortable contributing back to Ruby are fixable So let's fix them and if if you haven't do it like I said if I you haven't submitted to this little survey I think it's really cool to have a sense for why people are not doing something So please do the skype fish weird URL, but hopefully you can snap it and see it and go there So to to conclude with like grandiose talks and and ideas science needs to meet reality at some point before it becomes technology and that's where you come in you There's the people who create something who theorize about something conceptually and then there's the real thing when you're using it and Your point of view matters Every single one person that uses Ruby your point of view matters and how you feel about things or you know How you're excited or not so excited about certain features actually matters and your help is needed. It's not It's not useless at all so We have a more diverse community and it's getting more diverse and the more diverse it becomes the better things can be challenged by Perspectives that are not exactly the same and that's how we make progress so Let's make this Ruby sparkle and thank you for caring. That's it


Friends, there is much that our youth today can learn from Subramanian Bharti. Most importantly, to be courageous. Fear was unknown to Subramanian Bharti. He said, It means fear I have not, fear I have not, even if all the world oppose me. I see this spirit in young India today. I see this spirit when they are at the forefront of innovation and excellence. India's start of phase, it filled with fearless youth who are giving something new to humanity.


Spears were high Monday morning on July 5th at Cadet Summer Training as six Regiment Advanced Camp Cadets awaited the start of their land navigation test. So what exactly is land now? Land navigation is all about knowing where you are on a map, using a compass to find that and using a whole bunch of other weird techniques. Basically, you're going to get a map, a compass, and you're going to try to find the points. Just find points in the middle of the woods. Too many of us having to use a compass, map, and protractor to find a location seems outdated and difficult, especially with the invention of the GPS. But technology is not perfect and sometimes it fails, but don't worry because these cadets are willing to share their tips and tricks. The best strategy would obviously be just hand railing, just hand rail the roads. Find your trails and send it out on the points and if you don't know where you are just use your terrain features, use your attack points to locate that. Hand railing is following a terrain feature such as a river, road, or trail to find your point. If this doesn't work, one could follow the aged old rule of following in someone's footsteps.  If you can't find one of those, usually dead reckoning and just trucking through bushes and trees, just trying to find a point. Dead reckoning is the basic idea of going a certain distance in a certain direction to find a point, regardless of what technique cadets choose. Confidence plays an important role. In the morning I was really doubtful. I was not confident about how. I would get to complete this. So this time what I did was terrain association and basically trusting all of the equipment and everything that I did in the process and trusting myself. Terrain association is a comparison between what features are on a map to what landscapes you physically see. One last tip is not to overthink and to revert back to what you know.  Stop following your map all the time. Reporting for the CST Public Affairs Office, I'm Kelsey Steiber.


My name is Jessica Lee-Jones and I'm an astrophysicist and an engineer. I studied A-levels in Physics, Chemistry and Maths and I had a wonderful opportunity to join the Engineering Education Scheme Wales where I was linked with a company called Hempley Healthcare Diagnostics. And through the company I developed a fibre optic fetal contraction monitor which reduced manufacturing costs by around 99%. It could be used for a variety of industrial applications. Anything from measuring the strain of a bridge to the flexing of aircraft wings and fuselage. Following the development of the fetal contraction monitor in 2011 I became the Wales Young Engineer of the Year and following subsequent development on it, a year later I became the first female to win the UK Young Engineer of the Year award. Currently I work for the Sony UK Technology Centre in Pencoit. My role within Sony is to develop advanced engineering techniques and next generation production alongside Sony in Japan. It is an absolute honour to be nominated for the St David's Award 2017. I hope that by showcasing the fantastic wealth of talent that we've got in Wales that we will be able to encourage and inspire more young people, particularly younger women to consider traditionally male-dominated careers such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics.


Aloha, and welcome to the Ruderman Roundtable. I'm State Senator Russell Ruderman. I represent the Puna and Kaua District on the Big Island. And I host the Ruderman Roundtable here on Think Tech Hawaii every other week where we talk about good government issues and environmental issues affecting the state of Hawaii. My guest today is Gavin Thornton of the Hawaii Apple Seed Foundation. Thank you for joining me, Gavin. Thank you so much for having me. Gavin's the co-executive director of the Hawaii Apple Seed Center for Law and Economic Justice. Hawaii Apple Seed is part Think Tank and part advocacy organization seeking to promote policies that promote, that provide opportunities for all of Hawaii's residents to become self-sufficient and achieve their potential. So, tell me, Gavin, among the things that Apple Seed works on I know is issues related to people in poverty. Is that right? Is that one of your main focus? That's right. Really at the core of our mission is an anti-poverty focus. How do we lift people up out of poverty or help them lift themselves up out of poverty so that everybody in Hawaii has a fair shake achieving their potential? Wonderful. And what are some of the main ways that you work on that? Well, primarily we do research on policy issues, looking at things like affordable housing, what we call economic justice. So issues regarding state taxation, wages. We also look at access to healthcare and access to education. And also hunger issues. There are a lot of people in Hawaii that struggle to get food on the table and so we're concerned with those things because we see them at being at the core of what's necessary to provide for a stable foundation and a stable future for Hawaii. I see. It's amazing. Is it in a state as wealthy as Hawaii that we have such a problem with poverty? I mean, I think a lot of people are very surprised to find that out. Yeah, really it's a nationwide problem. And poverty to a large extent is relative and what we're seeing is a larger and larger divide between the people at the bottom of the economic scale and the people at the top. So those problems are becoming more and more pronounced and trying to figure out what do we do to help bring people back to where we were maybe 30 years ago in terms of being able to just have a good solid job and make ends meet and provide for your family, help your kids provide for their future, get them into college, whatever it might be. And before we get into the work that Apple C does, a couple of questions occur to me. One is what changed? What changed in the last 30 years? What made it so that there's this enormous gap between the very wealthy and the very poor and there's so much more of the poor these days? What changed? No, a lot of it appears to be wages not really keeping up with inflation. So especially over the last 10 years, 10, 15 years in Hawaii, we've seen housing costs which are one of the biggest drivers of poverty in the state. Housing costs have gone up and up and up and up at a pretty rapid rate and wages are going up but not nearly as quickly. So the divide between housing costs and wages is growing. There's an ever increasing gap. And because of that, people have a tough time making ends meet. Now in other parts, I mean, the housing cost is somewhat specific to Hawaii and certain very other high cost of living regions. But nationwide, has that been a big factor also? Or is there other factors that have created a larger poverty? So off the top of my head, I don't know with regard to housing. The issue of wage stagnation, people's wages not increasing over time relative to changes in cost of living, that is a nationwide problem. And we recently did a poll of Hawaii residents or commissioned a poll to be done that found that 48% of Hawaii residents were living paycheck to paycheck. So nearly half of our state is struggling financially. And I had initially thought that is a Hawaii problem, that large figure. But actually when you look nationwide, it's a nationwide problem. I've seen very similar figures mentioned in national reports as well. And my other sort of general question is, tell me, where does Hawaii Apple Seed, what does the name mean? Apple Seed Foundation, please. Sure, I don't know what name. I can't move forward unless I know what the name is. That's a question we get a lot. There are no apple trees in Hawaii. So about five years ago, we affiliated with the National Apple Seed Network. And it's a network of 17 organizations around the United States, one center in Mexico actually. And they focus on social justice, like anti-poverty issues. The origin of Apple Seed, I think is Johnny Apple Seed, going around and planning the seeds of change and opportunity. And that's really how we view our work, trying to identify those ideas, big or small, that will allow Hawaii to really grow and blossom into the place that we all want it to be, where everybody really has that opportunity to live up to their potential. So tell me briefly, a lot of folks that grew up in Hawaii, you may not know the Johnny Apple Seed story, so who is Johnny Apple Seed? I'm sorry, we're getting a little off track here, so we'll do this briefly. Well, this is a test that I might not pass. So I know a little bit about the fable.  And so, you know, and I think the concept was just making the world a better place through that. Now here it's not through providing apples for people to enjoy, but providing the things that people need. One thing about planting the seeds of a tree is it's a long range project. You want to make the world a better place for a long time, not just today or tomorrow, but in the future. And by the way, there are some Apple trees on the big island up in Malacca. It's you won't find an apple crop in any stores, but we do, they experiment with apples and cold weather regions up there. Well, my kids actually absolutely love mountain apples, and so we have a neighbor that they go raid his apple tree, mountain apple tree every once in a while. Springtime. Yeah. So we talked about housing prices. That's certainly one of the biggest drivers of poverty, especially so in Hawaii, is that true? That's right. We have the highest cost of housing in the nation. We do. And so on a statewide basis, I think there are other localities like New York City, San Francisco, where you'll find little pockets where people are paying more than we are. But as a state, we are the big winners there. And that of course contributes to poverty and the inability of people to make ends meet. How did it get this way? What's the cause of our high housing prices? Goodness. I think there are many.  That's why you and I are here and everybody else that's here like we like here and lots of people want that. Limited supply. I was at a presentation the other day and one of the things that I think urban planners, economists do when looking at housing prices is they take the 50 mile radius surrounding a city and examine the housing opportunities there for us. And Honolulu here, that 50 mile radius, a lot of it's ocean. I mean, there's just limited opportunity there. You know, one of the issues that we've started taking a look at is also non-resident purchasers of housing and other ways that our housing stock is kind of bled off. So Hawaii, in Hawaii, about a quarter of our home purchasers are non-residents, either foreign purchasers or mainland purchasers. So when you're looking at trying to increase supply and you see that you're losing 25% of our stock of every additional dwelling that you build, I mean, that can be a big problem. And then there's also another big issue that we saw last legislative session that keeps coming up is like Airbnb, the vacation rentals, people renting out their units illegally. We don't have- And that drives the price of housing up for those who live in those popular areas. Right. Very much so. Right. So with that issue, it's a mixed bag. I mean, a lot of people will say, well, look, like this is the only way we can afford to pay our mortgage is through renting our, part of our home for vacation rentals. The other side of the sword is that it takes up housing stock. It takes up a place where our residents need to live. So sometimes I've heard ideas floated for, is it legally possible to charge a higher, perhaps property tax rate for someone who's not a Hawaii resident? Is that legally or constitutionally possible? So that's something that we're looking at right now. And in fact, it's been in the news lately. So the property tax scheme here on Oahu was challenged recently. And at the lowest level court, the court decided that charging a different rate for different types of residents was not okay. I don't, I'm not up to speed on all the details there. So maybe it's not settled also. We don't know for sure the answer. Right. And what I can tell you is that it is not okay to discriminate on the basis of your citizenship in other states on the basis of your residency. So you definitely could not have a straightforward, you're not a resident of Hawaii or you haven't lived here for X number of years. So you have to pay more property taxes. I think it's pretty clear that you cannot do that. What you can do, maybe, although it sounds like maybe it's up in the air is say, well, if you are not an owner occupant, if you are renting out your home or leaving your home vacant as an investment property or whatever it might be, the question is, can you charge a higher property tax in that case? Okay. Well, thank you. We wanna talk also about taxes and wages themselves as the other aspects of the poverty situation. But we're gonna take a short break and then I'm here with Gavin Thornton of the Hawaii Apple Seed Center for Economic Justice. I'm State Senator Russell Ruderman at the Ruderman Roundtable, we'll be right back. Aloha. I'm Kaui Lucas, host of Hawaii is My Mainland every Friday here on Think Tech Hawaii. I also have a blog of the same name at kauilukas.com where you can see all of my past shows. Join me this Friday and every Friday at 3 p.m. Aloha. Hello, this is Martin de Speng. I wanna get you get excited about my new show which is Humane Architecture for Hawaii and Beyond. We're gonna broadcast on Tuesdays, 5 p.m. here on Think Tech Hawaii. Aloha, my name is Danelia D-A-N-E-L-I-A. And I'm the other half of the duo, John Newman, welcome. We are co-hosts of a show called Keys to Success which is live on the Think Tech Live Network series weekly on Thursdays at 11 a.m. We're looking forward to seeing you then. Aloha. Welcome back, I'm State Senator Russell Ruderman at the Ruderman Roundtable here with Gavin Thornton of the Hawaii Apple Seed Center for Economic Justice. Thank you once again for joining us, Gavin. Great to be here. So we were talking about poverty in the state of Hawaii and some of its causes and we're talking about housing a little bit. And of course wages are another important aspect of it. Tell me about our wages in Hawaii low compared to the cost of living. Is it average? Was that one of the causes here? Yeah, so unfortunately Hawaii has the lowest wages in the nation when you factor in cost of living. The lowest? The lowest. I was after teachers, I didn't know it was true for people in general. Right, so just across the board, lowest wages when you factor in cost of living. So you might have folks in South Dakota that are making less per hour. But they're buying their house for $80,000. Right, right, right. So that's a huge, huge issue for us. And figuring out what do you do to make up that ground? You know, high housing costs themselves wouldn't necessarily be bad if wages were also high. And low wages wouldn't necessarily be bad if housing costs and other costs of living were low. But it's the difference between those two. That's just a real killer for folks. What could be done about it? So one of the things that we're looking at in terms of wages is an increased minimum wage. Really bringing up the floor. And you know, there's a lot of talk, I think, out there about a living wage and paying people what they need to survive that really any job should pay that. I think that is a great idea. I am not optimistic that we're gonna get there anytime soon. If we bump up the minimum wage to, let's say, $15 an hour, it's really not gonna be close to what you need for a living wage, but it's gonna be a heck of a lot better for those folks. You know, where you have, if you have two income earners in the family, you're gonna be much closer to being able to make ends meet. So bumping up that minimum wage, there's, you know, we had a bump recently and in fact, the last increase will go into effect in 2018. In 2018, yeah. But after that. And that will bring it to $10 and 10 cents an hour. That's right, 10, 10 an hour, which is a great improvement. But when you look back over the history of why is minimum wage, you see that the minimum wage goes up every once in a while and then just stays stagnant for a long time until people realize, oh, this isn't working for folks anymore. And then it'll go up again, but stay stagnant.  And so wages need to go up accordingly and we're not seeing that. So if we were to bring up the discussion of $15 an hour minimum wage, which by the way, I've been strongly looking into myself to try to introduce it or maybe to find someone more popular than me to introduce it. So maybe it'll succeed. But I feel like I'm in a good person to sort of champion that cost because I have 200 employees myself. If anyone should oppose it, I should be the one opposing it. And yet I have found that when you pay employees a living wage and when you pay them better and include them in the success, the businesses succeed on every level better. And it's an illusion to think a business can succeed while its employees cannot afford their life. But now since we're in the middle of this gradual increase to $10 an hour, do you think that if we were to start the discussion now and saying, hey, that's simply not enough, we really ought to be looking at 15 like these other high cost of living areas? Do you think that the attitude will be, well, wait, we haven't even finished raising it to 10. It's too early to talk about it or do you think there might be an open-minded discussion? I think there's a danger that some people will, in fact, say, we just did this, we just took care of it. But I have serious concerns with that thinking. Because that is what has led us as a state so many times to allow the value of that minimum wage go down and down and down. And the value of that, the value of inflation versus a stagnant minimum wage is worth thousands of dollars a year for a single earner. I mean, it's really a lot of money that we're talking about. That is lost to people because of inflation and because the minimum wage hasn't been adjusted for inflation. And so we think that it is very important going forward to make those adjustments. Now, there is a national push for a $15 minimum wage that's gained a lot of traction. And I think there's good reason for that because like we were talking about earlier, these problems with stagnating wages and increasing cost of living or national, like nationwide problems, they're not just specific to Hawaii. And so that's why we're seeing people that, I mean, really, if you are willing to put in a hard day's work, you should be able to pay for a roof over your head and to put food on the table. And I think people are really frustrated with the fact that that is no longer the reality. And that's kind of new in our society. I mean, up until a couple of decades ago, you could, if you worked full-time, you basically could afford life in most places in the country here. And I think a lot of people understand that like these minimum wage jobs, a lot of people say, well, those are jobs that like kids fill, but the reality is not that. That it is a small percentage of those jobs that are filled by like teenagers. And they're jobs that a lot of like adults have that are trying, that have families that are trying to make ends meet. A lot of those jobs are hard jobs. Hard jobs. On your feet all day. And it's not just teenagers, it's not just an entry-level wage is what you're saying. A surprising percentage of our workforce is at or near minimum wage. Right, right. And when you increase the floor, then hopefully, that's gonna bring things up for a lot of people that are at the bottom levels of our economy. Yeah, when the wage was 725, I visited, my wife's friend was working in a fast food place and we visited her and we talked to her and she had been working there eight years. And she was up to 825. And she was an adult with kids, right? So it's true that it's not just teenagers, it's not just entry-level. Now some people will say we can't afford it, right?  Do you think there's any truth to that? I have to confess that I am not a business person. Okay, well you've looked at some research but we've looked and by and large, that is not the case. I think what you articulated earlier about investing in your employees will reap significant returns for the business and I think the research bears that out. Now there are definitely a few businesses out there that would suffer as a result of minimum wage that might have to eliminate positions but that is I think the exception to the norm. I see. And another, when you look at it to me, increasing minimum wage is putting more of the burden of paying for our lives onto the private sector whereas right now if someone's at minimum wage and they can't afford their rent, they're probably receiving various forms of government subsidies, right? Food stamps, welfare, et cetera. Maybe subsidized housing. So has anyone ever looked at all the costs of what we as our government in society pay because of this poverty? Many of which costs would go away if we had a $15 minimum wage. Have we ever done that kind of balance sheet analysis of what would change? So I'm sure there's something out there. I think that kind of analysis is very difficult to do. It's definitely part of the discussion because that's a huge issue.  And I don't know how that makes a whole lot of sense. All right, so maybe a little research is due because I know when people say, well, we can't afford it. It occurs to me that we can't afford to keep doing what we're doing now. And when people talk about poverty and houselessness, we talk about incremental changes here and there. And this is the only thing I can think of that would lift hundreds of thousands of people out of poverty virtually overnight. And if that's not worth whatever, slight repercussions there are, I can't think of anything that is. So. Well, I think there actually is one other thing that would be helpful. And that's looking at our state tax structure because our state tax structure is one of the most regressive in the nation, or actually I should say, we're second worst in the nation in terms of taxing people in poverty. Are you talking about GE tax or state income tax? So it's everything. All of that, all together. It's everything. And the general excise tax is the primary real estate reason why that is the case. Why people who are low income are taxed at such high rates here. But because of that, so our lowest income folks are paying about 13% of their income in state taxes. 13%, that's a lot. Our folks at the highest ends of the income scale are paying about seven or 8%. So not quite half, but a lot lower tax rate. And what's happening is the same people that we're providing public benefits to to give a hand up. I mean, we're paying those benefits on one hand and we're reaching in their pockets and pulling out their earnings with another. And it just doesn't make sense. I know that for reasons like that, I know Apple Seed has worked a lot on things like the general excise tax credits, earned income tax credits and GE tax credits. Tell me about those. How would the earned income tax credits, how could that help the state of Hawaii? Do we don't have any EITC at this point, is that correct? No. So there is a federal earned income tax credit program. And what that does is it applies to workers, so people that have earned income. And for workers that get minimum wage, for example, they get a tax credit based on the amount that they earn. And so it's a way of rewarding work. It's a way of magnifying their earnings. It's considered to be one of the most effective anti-poverty programs. There are over 25 states in the nation that have a state counterpart. We are not one of those. We could, and that's one of the things we could do that would help by them cutting off a little bit, but because we just have a minute left, I'd like you to tell us, please Gavin, if someone wanted to get in touch with Hawaii Apple Seed or join you or support your efforts, how can they reach you and how can people get involved? Go to our website. It is H-I-Apple Seed dot org, O-R-G. H-I-Apple Seed dot org, okay. And we do a lot of work during the legislative session, sending out information about hearings that are coming up where people can testify and support these initiatives. Wonderful, thank you for doing that by the way. So you can sign up for our mailing list on our website. That's probably one of the best ways to get involved and our other contact information is there. Feel free to give us a call at H-I-Apple Seed dot org. Correct. Okay, well thank you so much for joining me and I want to say I'm a big fan of what Hawaii Apple Seed works on the work that Hawaii Apple Seed does. I've watched you advocate the legislature and I've looked at your agenda and I wish you paid a lot more attention to the ideas that you guys brought forward. I'm here with Gavin Thornton of the Hawaii Apple Seed Center for Economic Justice. I think I left the word Hawaii out there. And I'm State Senator Russell Ruderman on the Ruderman Roundtable in Think Tech, Hawaii. We'll see you again in two weeks. Mahalo.


Hi, my name is Ludo and I will present in Hague of Asia Crit this year. It's a lattice based signature scheme. It's based on the module lattice isomorphism problem. And the signature scheme is fast that's compact signatures. And it's simple to implement. And this work was joined. Leo, Aimen and Bessel, all from CWI. And the motivation for this work was that despite the Falcon have small keys and signatures. The NIST recommended the lithium in general. And the reason for this was that Falcon used a Gaussian sampling that required floating points. And this was complicated because on constraint devices there is no support for floating points. Falcon had to simulate these and this is rather slow. And also when you use floats, it's difficult to mask. And for Falcon, this was fundamental to the class of entry lattices that they used. And there are a lot of ways that people try to fix this issue with Falcon. And for us, the starting point was that we looked at the integer lattice set to depend. And on this lattice sampling is super easy. So how can we make a secure signature scheme out of this. So Leo and Bessel in your group this year showed that you can make a secure signature scheme that is isomorphism problem. And by using a rotation of set to the end make this rotation public while keeping the particular rotation secret. And our contribution is that we make a particular instantiation of the signature scheme and it's called HAW. The signature sizes are 20% smaller than that of Falcon. And when you look at the performance on a x86 processor, performance is twice as good as Falcon and four times faster for signing. And the main advantage of Falcon is that there are no floating points in signing and verification. And when there is no support for floating points, this makes signing 15 times faster than Falcon. And how does it work. So in short, Hark is a hash and sign signature scheme on set to the end. And the security base is based on lip. And to make it competitive, you've added a ring structure to the module version of it. Then, or over we applied some compression on the public key and signatures. And for the signatures, we could even drop half of it the signature. And also we actually targets of the integer lattice. And this allows us to only use two samplers on all set and set shifted by one half. And this makes the sampling fast. It's easy to make all the time and it only uses integers. And that's it for now. If you want to know more details, look at the presentation and hope to see you. Bye. Bye.


So this particular view, I don't like a whole lot, it's, it's fine. You can see the vertical, you can see the horizontal, I'll explain what those mean when we start reading the report. But you can change it. I prefer the crosstab view. I find this a little easier to read. So let's talk about how to read this crosstab. So this first column is the total. The total number basically of the base, and in this case it is adults above the ages of 18 in the U.S. in 2018. These break down into sample, that's the number of people that took part in this sample. That means the number of people that took part in the survey that Simmons conducted. So weighted is the number, the projected number of people that your two categories, that are projected to be in your two categories. In this case it's the total number of adults of 18 plus. And you'll see it says 000 after weighted. That means this is not 243,000, but 243.2 million. And then there is the vertical, the horizontal and the index. And I will get into how to read those. So if we look at female and male, there are 13, let's see, just over 13,000 women that took part in this survey, just over 10,000 men. Looking at weighted, this is the total number of women above the ages of 18 because we are still looking at total. In the U.S., same thing for down here for men. But let's talk about what that means when it comes to our specific product and how we read that. The vertical and the horizontal. The vertical is the number that you read when you read down. The horizontal is the number that you read when you read across. So when we read down, of all those who drink five hour energy drink, 33.9% of them are women above the age of 18. And if we look at the women, of all the women, and in this case we're going to be reading the horizontal number, of all the women, of all women above the ages of 18, 1.4% of them drink five hour energy drink. So these numbers, so what you do, and then the index is 66. If an index is below 100, they are less likely to do something but is above 100, they are more likely to do something. So if we look at this, the index is 66, so we subtract that from 100. So that is, what is that? That's 44, is that right? 66, 44% less likely, women are 44% less likely to drink five hour energy drink than the average. Now if we look at the men, we're going to do the same thing. Of those that drink five hour energy drink, for the horizontal number, 66.1% of them are men above the ages of 18. Of all the men above the ages of 18, 2.9% of them drink five hour energy drink. Now the index here is 137. That means that men are 37% more likely than the average to drink five hour energy drink. And if we scroll across and look at some of the other numbers, you can see how this plays out. Now Simmons does include kind of a color coding which gives you kind of a quick overview and can show some trends before you get into the numbers. They also show these arrows to indicate if a group is like, is kind of trending low or trending high. One thing to note, if you do see the asterisks, you'll see down here that data, it gives you all the information to use this data with caution. It could be unstable. Often that means that they simply use, it was a smaller sample. That could be indicative of there just aren't that many people who are using a particular product or doing a specific activity. It could just mean that that was a smaller sample. Essentially it's saying you may need some information to back this up. So looking at this, this is telling me that in general, men drink more energy drinks. I can see that by the arrows that are pointing up and down. I can also see that by the specific numbers. This is a report that I can save. So when I'm done with this report, I can do a couple of things. I can actually continue to edit it and alter it and then run, if I want to do that. This can be useful if you've developed a fairly complex search or complex cross tab, or you can save it. When you're reading this report, you'll see it does get kind of clunky with the longer names. You can edit these, which can be really useful. So in this case, I can change this just to five hour energy drink or five hour. It can also name this. I'm naming it energy drink. Yes, those are my initials. And I can save it one thing to be aware of. If you save this, it will save it to the Western Washington University account. What that means is whenever anybody comes into Simmons, and they go to open cross tab, they can see your specific report. Because reports can be altered by anyone who has access to this account, I wouldn't recommend saving it on here and assuming it's going to be the same when you come back in. What I would recommend doing, or kind of the best practice when handling this, is when you have a report, and it's where you want it to be, go ahead and export it. You can't export it as an Excel. This can be really useful if you're trying, if you want to manipulate the data on your own or in Excel. This can also be really useful if you were looking at a pretty big report. Also for presenting data to other people, you know, that type of thing. You can also export to an SPC. Exporting to an SPC is what allows you to re-import that data. Exporting to an SPC file is what allows you to re-import this data back into Simmons. So exporting to Excel is something that you can do. When you open up that report, this gives you an idea of what it's going to look like. Exporting to an SPC allows you to re-import that data.  That's the one that I created. Yes. And then if I log out again, I can re-import this SPC. I'm not going to log out. I'm just going to show you, click on import SPC. I go to this particular file where it reminds me to run it, and then I go ahead and run it again. Running it again, just make sure that it's running from fresh data. And then if I want to continue to edit this, I can do so. So this is a quick overview on how to create and read a cross tab. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me. Thanks.


And when the mantle gets very shallow, it melts. When it melts, it makes basalt. So we have basalt. We start to convey your belt. That's part of what's driving plate tectonics, is that making new basalt continuously is what they call ridge push. Not only is it up higher than the surrounding area, so the gravity is helping move the slabs off, but we're also making new material continuously. So the greatest volcanic activity on Earth is the continuous formation of basalts underwater at these ridges continuously for the last at least four billion years we've been doing that. And that's part of the fact that we're saying that we're not creating or destroying anything. We're reshuffling. So we're moving stuff around. We melt the mantle because of decompression. And then it cools, and we have crossed, and then it comes back down and melts again. So the energy that it takes to melt, which is an endothermic reaction. We have to put energy in there. However, the opposite is the exothermic reaction is when they come to the other end, they release a lot of that energy so that we're transferring energy around. We have that original thermal energy, but then we're moving it around and we're switching between phases. So now the two biggest thermal effects on Earth are this really hot core and this cooling mantle. And so that there's a geothermal gradient as we go down so that the places that we see heat coming out of the planet are where plumes arise at mid-ocean ridges and at the volcanic arcs where the magnets are coming out. So this is an interesting interplay between formation across, destruction across, building continents via that arc magnetism. When I say arc magnetism, I mean above the seduction zone where the water comes out into the mantle, flux is melted, then that rises up. So we get chains of them and they're shaped like an arc because we're on a spherical planet. And so the slab isn't like we draw it. We draw the slab going down like this, but it's not because we're on a sphere. So it's going down like that, which means that it's an arc you had shaped with the volcanoes that it makes. So if you look at the Japan arc, it's shaped like that and all the arcs on Earth are shaped like that. And the magnet that forms from the dehydration of the slab causing mantle melting, it doesn't know what's about it. So it can rise up and come up like Japan in the ocean and make an oceanic arc, or it can be like the Andes and come up through continental crust and actually help make a big mountain range. So we find the mountain ranges at the boundaries of the plates. And so either if it's ocean ocean or if it's continent, that's where we make the mountain ranges. So the mountain ranges are important in this whole process of reshuffling things around and moving them around.