All right, good afternoon. We made it through the week. So today, we're going to talk about Kubernetes networking, but an infrastructure offload for Kubernetes networking. So we've assembled a panel of folks from different areas to talk about how do we even just define what it means to do an infrastructure offload, and how do we do that infrastructure offload in lots of different contexts? Are we doing an infrastructure offload in the public cloud? Are we doing it inside of a cluster that I built on premise? Or are there some combinations of those two that we want to be doing this offload in? And so we're going to be talking about infrastructure offload from lots of different perspectives. We have two presenters who weren't able to make it. And so midway through, we're going to show a short video of their presentation. But we will introduce each other as we go through. And I'm Dan Daley from Intel. And I work on software architecture. And I work on a new project called IPDK, which is now also part of the Linux Foundation and is part of a larger umbrella effort called Open Programmable Infrastructure. So Open Programmable Infrastructure uses that infrastructure word. It's really generic of a word. What do we mean in this context? When we're talking about infrastructure in this case, is that we are taking the business logic or the worker logic that's running. And we're going to provide certain services. Again, another overloaded word. We're going to provide certain functions to that worker node. And in the case of infrastructure, we're thinking of it as a baseline, as infrastructure, as a service. So I'm going to provide it a little bit of networking, a little bit of storage. Maybe there's a little bit of acceleration that we're providing. So we're providing these basic abstractions that you would get from a cloud. And we call all of that infrastructure, we group it together. And so when we want to talk about software-defined infrastructure, that's what we mean. It's software-defined networking, software-defined storage, all grouped together as one. And so in this space of programmable infrastructure, we're trying to define the dividing line between what is the business logic, what is the function running in your pods that is doing the real work at hand, versus what is the logic underneath it that is supporting it to secure it, connect it, these types of things. And why are we creating this new separation is because we think that this abstraction, which has already been really useful in infrastructure as a service, gives us a bunch of great features that we can then apply to Kubernetes networking. So the first one is the idea of having a gap for security reasons between your logic that's running and all of the other logic that's supporting it. We call this the air gap, but when this is implemented using hardware functions, then we can give hardware isolation to the work logic running inside a server. The second functionality that we're looking for is to be able to start moving tasks that may be using cycles, creating latency or jitter, just getting in the way of things that's currently running alongside your work logic and pushing it into the infrastructure. And initially to save cycles, but you start to get to the third and fourth value, which is once you've pushed that task out of the work, CPU, into the infrastructure, you can now re-implement it more efficiently. Maybe you implement it in really optimized software. Maybe you implement it in hardware, which is something that we're going to talk about today. And then the fourth value is once you can re-implement the infrastructure with a separate cadence, then the software being loaded on the work side, you can now add features to the infrastructure a lot more quickly. So maybe you want to change the way the networking policy works, or if you want to add a new construct around how your storage is accessed, or you want to add computational storage, combine the two of them, that feature velocity is enabled by that abstraction, because you've pushed all that extra stuff that isn't generating revenue, and you've given it to the infrastructure who can now go and innovate at a separate cadence. So that's why we've created this abstraction. And so now I'm going to pass it to Nabil, who's going to talk a little bit about the types of things that he's looking for as a customer looking to do infrastructure offload. Thank you, Dan. So we'll talk about what is IPUDP offload, and some goals and requirements that we're looking to achieve from that. So first, let's talk about what we mean by offload, from a networking point of view. So this is usually mainly a target through the offload of data plane processing functions from the host CPU to the hardware Nick. That's what the relational offload meant. And these NICs usually have been called smart NICs or performance NICs, and they went by that name. With the infrastructure data processing unit or data processing units, IPUs, DPUs, those are considered as evolution from the smart NICs and the performance NICs to include really a compute complex which composed of CPU and memory, in addition to ASIC FPGA usually for the fast back processing, depending on the implementation. The goal in here is usually to improve scale, so you could have dedicated memory that allow you to have larger fib, larger set of policies and so forth, to have better performance and support additional capabilities. Because now you have the compute complex, you could run control plane functions on the IPDPU and that CPU memory complex. You could support additional capabilities like storage networking that some of the IPDPUs are supporting. We could move load balancing functionalities and so forth to the IPDPU. As examples, if you're aware what's going on the market, there are multiple such NICs available today on the market from Intel, the Intel IPU that has been announced, I believe not long ago. The NVIDIA DPU and there is a Pansando AMD and this is only to mention examples, right, not to bias for these. So what are the objective in doing so? Obviously, the objective will be to improve performance and performance is really measured usually by latency and throughput that could be achieved on the host. Some applications also require very low jitter as well you could try to achieve that. The other one is improved security as then touched on is really provided via the isolation of the infrastructure from the host. So the host gets compromised, for example, that you're protected from that because you're running on the infrastructure processing unit such the IPDPU. And the other one is really to improve the overall efficiency from PowerPoint view and increasing compute density in the center that you'll have. And the way to achieve that is because you're freeing up what will be spent in CPU cycle and doing packed processing such as doing forwarding, policy enforcement, load balancing and so forth. You're saving those CPU cycles by offloading that functionality to the IPDPU and you're freeing up for application processing and that's what the CPU jump or the CPUs are really built for, it is the application processing. And the other one is really by doing so you're leveraging the IPDP for networking where the purpose built ASIC usually or fast data path is being implemented to do the packed processing is in the most efficient way. That's how you get to the efficiency. So what are the goals and requirements? Obviously in here, we've been talking about offloading the data plane processing functions to the IPDPU. So examples of that will be to have the state of the data planes such as FIB policies and so forth maintained on that on the IPDPU. You could have FIB as a state and the routing functionality or the forwarding functionality as action that's taken in the pipeline. Similar could be said on policies. You could have the policy states, meaning firewall rules that are maintained as state and then you could have the policy enforcement function done on the IPDU as an action and so forth. I don't wanna go through the list but just to give you a flavor, there are many things that could potentially be implemented on the IPDPU. The other goal is to really to have an industry standard abstraction layer for the hardware so that we could allow ease of integration between different solutions whether coming through open source projects and or proprietary solutions from vendors with third party hardware that are providing or hardware vendors hardware that are providing IPDPU solutions as well. And there is an open source initiative that's being targeted for that. From control plane aspect, there is a goal in here to really look at optimizing the control plane for both compute and networking to be fitting better to the IPDPU paradigm. And that has not been really considered before and I'll talk about a potential way to get that at a high level from architecture point of view. So what is this really to look at what is needed for the control path between the compute and network controllers to the host and then how to offload the control or distribute the control plane function between the host CPU that's on the server host and the IPDPU on the same server host and how to interrelated or coordinate the control plane between them. The target is also although in here in the Kubernetes conference in KubeCon, the target in here to be able to support the IPDPU for multiple compute endpoints that could include bare metal. So there are many applications that run on bare metal to support also compute endpoints that could be virtual machines and there are many such applications or to support really pause or container endpoints that could be running work nodes that could be either bare metals or VMs. That's kind of the scope of this. So I wanna go through this diagram. It could take a lot of time to go through that by itself but to illustrate what we mean by data plane function distribution as well as control plane function distribution. So overall function distribution between the IPDPU you could imagine a server or a host in general that has two main blocks that is the host the host CPU and its memory complex which is the upper part in blue and then you could have the IPDPU as another NIC card plugged into the same server host. Now that IPDPU usually will have its own CPU memory complex as we talked about and will have hardware acceleration for the data about function that could be implemented via ASIC and FPGA. That's kind of the setting of this. Now when we talk about again the distribution of functionalities the one path that could be looked at that today if you have an SDN controller or Kubernetes controller they'll interact with equivalent control functions if you will that are run on the host CPU. So offloading that to the IPDPU so that the control path could come from the controller let's say the network controller to an agent sitting on the IPDPU that will interact with the centralized control plane and via the offload function it will learn for example policies, routes and so forth that they're coming through it or from a local routing engine that could be running on the IPDPU and will go and program the data path which will be on the ASIC FPGA via different really adapters or drivers to do that. There are many functions that could be implemented via that offload whether in programming state as well as programming probably the pipeline as well as getting data from the fast path such as stats, flow logs and so forth that would be gathered for you there. The other function in here is that in coordinating with the host CPU that how does the offload engine that's running on the IPDPU will contain to splice the data path if you will with the containers that are running or the pods that are running on the host CPU. So there is interaction that has to go on between the offload control block that's shown in this diagram and the onload control block that's running on the CPU to really create the necessary interfaces whether a SROV interfaces or to do the programmability of the virtual ethernet port that could be related to the pod and so forth to create the data path that comes from the pod through the host on the host CPU through the IPDPU and back to the ASIC which will basically be interfacing with the physical next or throughout traffic between two pods on the same host CPU. So everything will be going via a trusted path which is related to the infrastructure represented by the IPDPU rather than being exercised if you will whether maintaining state like such as policies or enforcing that state for the policy on the host CPU will be done on the IPDPU. Now I'm not gonna delve into the control path for the compute but you could think about that also going through a trusted interface if you will meaning that it could come from centralized Kubernetes controller and what we call the Kubernetes master and it could go also through the IPDPU and through the agents I'll call it agents for now that's offload and onload you could trigger the creation if you will of the pods via the runtime engine on the host CPU. So the idea in here again to create isolation between the host where your workload is executing and the infrastructure where policy is routing and so forth is being enforced and do the coordination between the two. That's an example of what we've done at a high level and that's what we're looking really to start examining that and what the work that needs to be done in that space. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you Nabil for scoping requirements. My name is Valas, I work for Google and I'm going to talk briefly of how we meet these requirements or how far away we're from meeting them. So if you look today at public clouds and I'm mostly talking about Google is that public clouds today offload the PC networking to IPDPU and so we already have offloads, right? And if you look at the features that we offload today if you try to enumerate them it's usually routing, policy routing or some people call it service chaining, internal, external, load balancing, security policies, et cetera. If you then look at the set of features that Kubernetes networking implements it's we call them sometimes differently but they are very similar which is podageability, cluster IP, node external IP, network policies, observability. So there is a lot of overlap between them and so can we actually then offload these Kubernetes networking features perhaps to the same infrastructure we already today offload the VPC networking? Well actually we at least in Google we already offload some of the features. It's not very big set but some important features. So for example, two examples that I brought here is podageability and intranode observability or visibility. So for podageability we rely on VPC network offloads to be able to scale, to reach, to connect large number of pods and we can run up to 15,000 nodes of 200 pods per node and they're all going to be able to reach each other even during the VM migrations, et cetera. So it's all offloaded in VPC. For intranode visibility in GKE we have this feature where we can ponder traffic even the ones that's between pod. We could configure to ponder traffic to go through the hypervisor. And so it's not a Kubernetes feature per se but in terms of observability you can effectively get observability features that you get in VPC. You can essentially get visibility now what happens between your pods even if they're running on the same node. So that was the current state but GKE still relies heavily on onloaded implementation for most of Kubernetes networking. So we run Qproxy or data plane V2 and it's all running inside the node and using either IP tables or EBPF. So why do we do that? Well, time to market, familiarity, resource accounting is an interesting topic where essentially the users who are heavy network policy users they'll be essentially spending their cycles to implement the network policies. But there are very strong tailwinds to offload more. So the sort of set of reasons for that there's numerous as we discussed in a few previous slides but one couple of things that I'd like to highlight is the maturing offloads for VPC networking then it gives us time to pay attention to Kubernetes offloads. One thing that for me personally is the most important is this feature velocity and we get that feature velocity if we can transparently evolve implementation of Kubernetes networking features independently from the guest OS and guest stack that allows us to roll much faster. And then two somewhat related other reasons is a single data path implementation for doesn't matter which OS you run or there's Linux Windows or BSD containers and also an opportunity to offer Kubernetes features to stacks that currently bypass Linux Windows or BSD kernels such as DPDK, right? And also two lightweight sandboxes such as Devizor. And also offloading as we alluded to that brings significant efficiency gains and that's Moshe's part of the slide. If you know how to. So with that I'm gonna switch to Moshe Levy from Nidia who is going to present on infrastructure offload in using a real cluster of NVIDIA DPUs. And the sound is not working. Oh, I can hear it, it's just really low. In this part of the panel, we will review NVIDIA DPU solution in Kubernetes. Hello everyone, my name is Moshe Levy and I'm at Techlit at Nidia. In this part of the panel, we will review NVIDIA DPU solution in Kubernetes. This solution is based on open source project and it's already used in production at NVIDIA internal projects. In our solution, we use OVN Kubernetes CNI for the Kubernetes networking. OVN Kubernetes CNI uses OVN and OVN. OVN is a SDN virtual switch and OVN is a project that provides abstracted with logical switches and logical routers to create a network pipeline for the Kubernetes cluster. Let's review the OVN Kubernetes components. So we have OVN Kubernetes master running on the master node, watches on the Kubernetes resources, pods, service, network policies. On the right, we have the working node running OVN Kubernetes node, which is doing the native as plumbing to the pod and to the OVS. And we have OVN controller, which is translating the OVN logical topology to OVS open flow pipeline. Taking a closer look at the worker node with regular NIC, we can see that it uses VTH pair for the networking. The OVS OVN components are running at the worker node. In case of a high packet rate, we will see high CPU utilization and we are limited to a kernel performance. When we're adding DPU to the cluster, we are moving to an SRIOV switch them networking. SRIOV switch dev allows us to create native as on the worker node to give to the pod and the peer native as which we call a VAP represent or to plug to the OVS. Also, OVS OVN are no longer running at the worker node. They move to the DPU. So all the OVN OVS control plane is now at the DPU level. Also in case of high packet rate, we will see low performance utilization because all the packet processing is now in the DPU. Also from a security and isolation perspective, if the worker node is compromised and it cannot tamper with the networking because all the networking control plane is moved to the DPU and the DPU and the master are in the trust domain. And now a little bit on how we do DPU hardware acceleration. So we are leveraging SRIOV switch dev technology. OVS open source already support SRIOV switch dev and it knows how to program the e-switch when the first packet arriving to the OVS. OVS itself is using standard kernel API. There's nothing proprietary here which is a TC flower to program the e-switch. In case the hardware vendor doesn't know how to accelerate the packet, we will fall back to a kernel data path. This also allows us to reduce the CPU utilization on the ARM cores and because we're using SRIOV and switch dev, we will get low latency and line rate performance. Now we're in is a data performance that we run and experiment in NVIDIA lab. Here we are using XCR as a packet generator. We have the host details of the Intel CPUs. On the left side, we have OVS running Connectix 6 LX dual port 25 gig VTH. On the right side, we have OVS accelerated with Bluefield 2 dual port 25 gig running SRIOV. The workload is a test PMD pin to four CPUs and because we are doing port to port in this case, the data path is genuine and connection tracking is generating the 500K connections. So we can see on the left side, we are using 32 CPUs for OVS OVM and on the right side, we are using that because now it's all moved to the GPU. Also from a two port performance on the left side, we get eight gig when we're using VTH and on the right side, we get a line rate performance 50 gig with SRIOV. Also from latency perspective, we get four times better latency when using SRIOV. Now to summarize it, so with DPU we get uncompromised performance in case of NVIDIA DPU we can offload and accelerate all the Kubernetes flows port to port to service while reducing CPU utilization to bare minimum. From a security aspect, we have networking isolation. If the host is tampered, the solution is good for ports for VMs and for bare metals and DPU is a commodity project running a plain Linux so we can run additional services and storage security and others. Thank you very much. Yeah, it's not working. So next I will introduce a new projain who is going to talk about a software projects, open source software projects on doing Kubernetes offload. Really similar to- Hi, my name is Nupurjan and I'm part of Intel IPTK team. Previous presenters have already emphasized on the importance of infrastructure offload and other implementation solutions. Let me go over how we are doing it. To move from the traditional deployment model as shown on the left, to infrastructure offload model for various cloud deployment scenarios, we need dedicated interfaces to the parts. With this, we can offload L2 switching and free routing, service load balancing, which includes my name is Nupurjan and I'm part of Intel IPTK team. To move from the traditional deployment model as shown on the left, to infrastructure offload model for various cloud deployment scenarios, we need dedicated interfaces to the parts. With this, we can offload L2 switching and free routing, service load balancing, which includes CT and NAT functionality, encapsulation and encryption to our extensible data plane. We added a new P4 based lean data plane to Calico solution. P4 programmability makes the data plane extensible to future cloud use cases and provides for better visibility into flow treatment through counters and stats. Calico supports a broad range of platforms, including Kubernetes and OpenStack and others for deployment of parts and VMs. It also supports multiple data planes using EPPF and IP tables. Our data plane offers two ways forward for accelerated functionality for better performance and reduced latencies. A software-based data plane, which is implemented using DPTK and a hardware-based solution using IPU. Since control plane components are similar in both of these models and offer a loose coupling for communication using well-defined interfaces, the same control plane works for the ABAP2 and other Calico solutions. This helps with interoperability across data center nodes with a mix of accelerated and non-accelerated nodes. Here's the picture that goes a bit deeper into the architecture. The data plane drivers split into two components, agent and a manager, which communicate using GRPC. Agent can be further split up into node agent and intra-agent. While manager running on the infrastructure manages the resources, lifecycle of the components and offloads the runtime rules, the node agent receives the CNI calls and adds interfaces to the parts on the host. The infrastructure agent implements the standard REST APIs to watch Kubernetes resources like pods, services, namespace and handless events associated with them. It also handles the networking policies for pod traffic isolation and enhanced platform security. Biggest advantage of infrastructure offload is that it offers a secure environment for configuration of resources away from compute where pods are running. It also provides a secure access to other infrastructure provisioning pieces like storage. The scalability performance and reduced latencies while freeing up the host cores are the highlights. Because of this kernel backup, it provides for better feature velocity as well. Here's a running example deployment with our components. As you can see, we have impressed manager and intra-agent running at steam sets and together they are provisioning the DPDK pipeline with rules. Just to show a P for example of this implementation, we have service load balancing implemented using P for here. This implementation uses connection tracker and that functionality. The very first packet is looked up and it's used to pick one of the endpoints from the service web pool. Once the endpoint has been picked up, the flow is added to connection tracker and the subsequent packets up into the same endpoint and that is applied. To learn more about this implementation and how other sample examples have been implemented, please go to IPDK.io, get us into our off-load where we are working on the recipe and you'll see more additions to existing implementation. Thanks so much for your time today. Thank you, Newpert. And to go back to our presentation here. So learn more about what she just described and also there's a demo of the code. You can also download the code and run it yourself at ipdk.io. It's also part of the OPI project that I mentioned earlier which also has a bunch of code being developed to be able to have consistent interfaces for these different types of DPUs, IPUs and other acceleration devices. So in summary, we have heard from folks working in public cloud. We have heard from Mosho working on a DPU. We've heard from Nuper working on an IPU. And there's a lot of commonality in that the worker, CPU, the job that they're doing should not be changed or modified in any way. This is a function where we're pushing the infrastructure underneath an abstraction so that the end user doesn't need to worry about it. There are some things that are required in all of these different solutions. One thing that Nuper mentioned and we played that part twice is that the need to have a connection to each pod into the infrastructure. So this allows you to apply policy. When you've made that separation in order to be able to know which, where each pod is, the infrastructure needs to have a direct connection. And in the case of a DPU and an IPU, that can be a hardware secured connection that isolates all of the different pods from each other. And then the second piece that the common piece that's required is to be able to program that infrastructure. And in some cases, like in Moshe's example, we're able to program it through a new interface, like through OVN. And in other cases, like in Nuper's example, we can use existing Kubernetes APIs and copy that state from the worker CPU into the infrastructure to minimize the set of changes needed in order to take advantage of the soft load. And so there's different options and different implementations out there. We wanna have that commonality. We wanna be able to have commonality across the different ways that you can deploy this technology. And we absolutely wanna be able to allow people to choose different vendors and different implementations depending on what they're looking for. And so with that, I think we're ready for questions all the way across. If I understood well, the net, I have two or three questions. The network stack would be in the FPGA, would be programming the hardware? Yeah, so in a couple of different examples that we showed today, the data plane for the networking is being run in hardware. Can also be run in software. And then there is a, it's essentially a choice as to how much of the control plane you wanna move off of the worker node. And in the case of Moshe's example, the entire control plane was moved off of the worker noted onto the DPU. And the following question with that is what is the flexibility then to modify the network stack or to fix an error if there is a bug there. And also for functionalities like EVPF. So I would say that, these are very programmable devices and they've been designed to be able to understand the state of the art in terms of Kubernetes networking. And it's really similar, or maybe really similar to EVPF in that we're starting with something like an IP tables. And EVPF is an example of using optimized software, but it's keeping it on the worker. You could use this technology and run that functionality in the infrastructure. As EVPF, that would be a useful implementation of infrastructure offload as well. You wanna hit that one? One, two, three. So just to add, if you look at it in the, we're ready today offload in VPC networking. So it already works and we do roll it out often and we're able to fix it so it is doable, yes. One last question, we are running out of time. I don't know who was first. Who is the next? We only have one question more. We run, the rest of the people can go to the, to talk to the speakers. So what's the best use case when we should use SIOV, when we should use DPU and DPDK? So how do you compare the three technologies? So at least speaking from the Intel IPU, we are agnostic as to the type of interface you may wanna use, whether it's SIOV, VertIO, VETH, we're flexible. So we support all of those different types of interfaces and also supporting them at the same time if you have a primary and secondary network. So it's really a function of what you have existing and what you want your network to look like from the worker CPU side. I would say this is probably different optimization that you have to do. For example, if you're running on the whole CPU, you don't have to have the bandwidth for hardware acceleration, you don't have the security requirement. Then whether using EBPF as was said earlier as a way to implement probably the data path in a faster way than you would have done in IP tables, you use that. If DPDK would be needed, we'll still be do that. You could still do that. In addition, you could do either on the CPU complex that is on the IPU-DPU because there will be exception packets that will be arriving to IPU-DPU that you may need to process and what we call in networking the slow path. And that could be actually EBPF or DPDK or whatever, could be handling that also on the IPU-DPU, but in the slow path, if you will, meaning not in the ASIC, but on the ARM complex or whatever the compute complex could be on that. So it's really complementary technologies that exist that have different roles and whatever the environment that you have, you could suit or fit one or the other depending on what you need, sir. So. Thank you again for staying late and getting through our technical difficulties, but thank you again. Have a good day. Thank you.


Welcome to Toffy TV. It is the Everton News Daily. Frank Lampard has said it was obviously big chances missed on Saturday that obviously led to Everton's defeat 2-0 by Leicester City on Saturday the 90s. Big chances for Alex O'Wobee in the first half and Dominic Harment-Lewin to try and grab an equaliser in the second half obviously contributed towards the defeat. I mean that wasn't the difference between the teams on the night Leicester City where much better side but certainly if Alex O'Wobee had took the chance early on who knows how the game had gone. That is evidence big problem this season obviously making chances and taking chances but let's hear what the Toffy's manager had to say about the game. Well they were good opposition so we missed some big chances probably two of the better chances of the game with critical moments early in the game and early in the second half, possession 50-50-ish. Tried to get after them a little bit when we had moments of good pressure and moments maybe we were a little bit off it on that sense but against a good footballing team I didn't want to give them the sense of coming here and controlling us and pushing us back. So I thought we competed in lots of ways and in the end we came up against a very good team with good individuals in good form and showed their quality at the top end of the pitch so we couldn't find that. There you go, yeah just a disappointing night all night and obviously with losing, Ghana, Gay, Dominic Arvillwn and Donano as well due to injuries made it doubly disappointing. Let's hear what Frank Lampard had to say about that. Yeah we've got Ghana's top of his quad sensation, Scann and Monday, Dominic's a hamstring, Scann and Monday, Arnano's ankl, Scann and Monday. They feel like the lighter end of muscular injuries has Ghana did his half way through the first half, was playing well to be fair and then came off it half time to continue so that's a sign hopefully that it's not a big one for him with Dominic. I don't know, I don't want to jump that one because I don't know enough about it but he felt something in his hamstring. I don't know because I think it was just more of a sprained ankle which he'd actually had in training yesterday. He's got a couple of knocks that he suffered in the game and had to come off for it. Yeah and obviously we've had no update yet about the three players but you know they're going to be missing tomorrow night you'd imagine. You just hope for the best for a just a Ghana game on Arnano certainly because they obviously will cope aspirations will be on this. Dominic Arnanoon has been on the periphery of the England squad or has certainly been mentioned being in the 55 man squad but we'll have to wait on that one but Frank Lampard was asked whether it would be best all round if Dominic Arnanoon wasn't involved in the World Cup for himself and for Evan. It'd be a difficult answer to say it's not what you need when it's a World Cup because there's a lot of things about confidence and playing at a level stage and travelling with an England squad. You know you'd like to think you'd be well managed by the England squad and where he's missed games to train well and be a part of something like that. I'm not sure it can be a negative but I understand the point. If it is the case that he doesn't go we'd tack that head on in a way of okay where do we get you in the best possible shape for the when we restart. So we'll cross that bridge as it comes by the end of next week. Yesterday you go obviously we'll have to wait and see on down but I can't imagine he'll be involved with England and we'll have a good rest. Let's hope it's a rest and it's not actually recuperating from an injury but we'll have to wait and see on that one. Turning our attention to Bormiff obviously with those injuries Frank Lampard has had to assess his squad today. He said he mean it will be involved and could possibly start. He was asked about the youngsters being involved as well how many he would get into the squad for the game. This is what he had to say. We'll have to do a bit of a count up tomorrow now with the injuries as well. My intention is to get some young lads on the bench for the game to have a feeling of being part of it and see if we can get them on the pitch. So I'd like to think we'll have two, three, four on the bench but I can't guarantee that until we have that count up tomorrow. Stanley's doing really well and scoring regularly, playing well and developing really well. So it's nice to give players like that that are doing well. The opportunity when they come around canons another one is doing well. So as I said it's two or three. We know that Maurice Welsh is there so we'll see how it works out. So obviously he's trying to get as many in as he can but obviously that more likely it might be more now based on the amount of players injured we might have. One of the players you mentioned there, Stanley Mills, he was asked more directly about whether he will be involved in the game. This is what he had to say. Possibly he's a very strong runner, has an eye for goal, a good player. He can be an option but he's still very young. We all know how hard it is at a young age to break through and have immediate impact regularly. So it will be phased in for him but for sure he can do. If he keeps progressing in the right way then I'll see him as that even more. So yeah great opportunity for Stanley Mills, he's been doing really really well in the under-21s and with Evans, why play is not really firing this season as much. There could be an opportunity for him to come off the bench. That step up from the under-21s is a big one but this is an opportunity and hopefully he's involved in some way in the caribou cup tie against Bournemouth. Be great to win the game, obviously get a bit of confidence back. The next round does take place Christmas week as well so it will be before the Premier League game against Wolves. So it will be fantastic to get players back and get playing before the Premier League resumes after the World Cup as well. Fingers crossed we can get the win tomorrow. Transfair Speculation News, Anthony Gordon has been linked with a move to not only Arsenal but Spares today. He keeps on getting linked with these clubs and obviously Evans didn't turn that a bit from Chelsea in the summer. It would be nice to see some kind of form from Anthony Gordon which would lead him to be linked with these clubs. We've not really seen it this season but he's still linked with those teams which is interesting. Michael Keane has been linked with a move away from Everton in January, a low move. Obviously Everton have Mason Hallgate, have Ben Godfrey set to retain. Have yeti Mina coming into the last few months of his contract as well. So probably would welcome Michael Keane going somewhere on loan which hopefully could lead to the possibility of him leaving the club next summer if Evans feel like they don't need him anymore. So we'll wait and see on that one but he has been linked with a move away from Everton. As I said we're still waiting to hear on those injuries and we'll give you updates as soon as we have them. Don't forget to check out the match preview in the start of 11 for tomorrow night's game against Bournemouth. They're available now and make sure to check out the final way from the Leicester game as well. Make sure to give this video a like, subscribe if you haven't already. More great videos, daily live videos come over to Toffy TV Premier. The link is on the screen in a moment. It's also in the description. We'll see you later.


The United States and UK have launched more missile attacks on Houthi targets in Yemen, Al-Jazeera Arab TV channel reported. According to the report, explosions were heard in the city of Sana'a, which is under the control of Houthis. The representative of Houthis said that the strikes were carried out on the Alde Lami airbase in capital Sana'a, as well as on facilities in the provinces of Taiz, Al-Baita and Hajjah. The UK's Ministry of Defense confirmed the report about the launch of missile strikes. The US representative said that the strikes were aimed at the Houthis missile and drone platforms and ammunition depots.


It doesn't matter how small you start, it's about what you can offer. I'm here with Marcel, the head of corporate services of Garand Business Consultancy, and today we're going to talk about how to set up your business in Dubai, what are the requirements, how much it costs, and then we'll reply some of your questions. So, hi Marcel, can you please introduce yourself? Thank you for your kind introduction. My name is Marcel, I'm a business consultant. I'm advising people on how to set up the business in the UE and make it a cost-effective and time-effective manner. What are the five reasons why people should start a business in Dubai? I can highlight five most distinguished reasons why you should open the business in the UE. First, I think it is the low-tax regime which allows you to generate your profits at the maximum level. There is the only tax which has been introduced a year back, which is the VET, and the rest is not available, such as the corporate tax and other income taxes. The second reason I can say the market itself is quite saturated in terms of high net worth people. Whatever business you do, generally it has a great potential because you can have your own audience and it is very much available. The third reason is that the infrastructure to do your business is very well developed. You have that ease of doing your business, it's systemized, you have set standards which are easy to follow. Another reason is that the UE has a big exposure in the market. In particular, we are talking about the GCC. A lot of business entrepreneurs, they enter the local market in order to further expand their operations in the region. And last but not the least reason is the profit repatriation. There is no financial control on petrating your own profit and funds back to your country or wherever else you want it to be. And I heard about this new 10-year residency visa for investors. Can you tell us please? Sure, that's correct. It's been introduced. There are two visas which were recently introduced, which are the 10 years and five years. There are certain conditions and criteria that you need to meet. Mostly those would be related to your investments, 10 million for your 10 years visa and 5 million in your 5 years visa. And how much money do you need to start a small business in Dubai? Let's say I want to start an e-commerce business or open just a marketing agency. Well, this depends on the type of the companies. I would say that the cheapest option, the most budget, would be around four thousand US dollars. Those would be companies in offshore jurisdictions. Then there is the choice of a free zone company or the LLC, which is the mainland company. There you have the budget of around eleven thousand dollars and twenty thousand US dollars. And do you need to have a local partner? This would depend on the type of the business that you want to do. In all the cases where your business is located in the mainland, it would require a local partner. Where the share distribution within the company would belong to the local partner of 51 percent and the rest of 49 percent will be held by the foreign investors. And how long does it take to attain the license? The timeframe of licensing is quite short. If all the required documentation is in order, then the licensing takes about three to four working days. Probably another question on how soon you get your business operated. So this is a little bit more complex and I would say that the shortest time you can have your business set and running is about four weeks. What are the benefits of having an agency to help you to set up the company? Well it's very important to seek a professional advice. I personally know a lot of cases when people try to do their own business set up without the proper knowledge and then they committed several mistakes which took some consequences. So having a local agent to do your business set up is very important since they have in-depth knowledge. They can assess your budget and they can do your proper business plan very precisely so that you will know your budget in advance, not just when you start your business and then you realize that your budget is not fitting into what it is in reality. And what are the main mistakes people usually do when they try to set up their business on their own? Well I think I can highlight two main points. First would be an activity of the business as we may know there are around thousand different business activities in the UE and each of them is kind of focused on a particular sphere. So this is very important when you approach your business you would need to select those business activities that would match your goals and that will be eligible. The second point is I think it is banking. A lot of people nowadays struggle to open bank accounts for their business. It is also quite a complex procedure and again agents would definitely know how to prepare your documentations and other business factors in the correct manner. And let's say I want to open a business in the Dubai land where I need to have a local partner, right? So where can I find this local partner? How does it work? Is there is any like database or special agencies? Well yeah if you are working with an agency from the beginning they have their own database of local partners whom they can refer. They would be classified again. There are some requirements when you let's say register a construction company it may not be registered just under any name of the local partner so even the local partner should qualify for this kind of activities. Marcel I have some questions from my subscribers about the business setup in Dubai and I promise them to get the answers from you. So let's go through some of them. So the first question is how to set up a consultancy business? What are the requirements? Well it's quite easy. We can recommend some budget options again with the total budget of around 10-11 thousand US dollars. From the requirements we would need the passport copies, the proof of residence, the CVs and the bank reference letters. So these are basically most common requirements to start any company to make the registration process. It would be important to choose the jurisdiction where they would like to practice their activities who would be their clients and based on this they can start their company. Next question is from the guy from Portugal. He is planning to move to Dubai and sell the furniture online across the UAE. What license does he need to obtain? How I see this this would be a normal trading license which will allow him to trade in furniture. This would also depend on how he wants to practice the trading activity, whether it would be his own products or which is commonly called now a dropshipping business where he buys the product from his supplier and then he considers this as his own stock and then he sells further to his client. Then it would be normal trading activity and this would also depend whether he needs to have his own warehouse. If it is so, there are options where he can rent the warehouse or he can, let's say, get the warehouse from a third company on the outsourced basis. If the objective is to enter the markets with the low costs and the minimum efforts, this would be a trading license probably in an order and emirate and most of the services would be outsourced such as logistics and the warehousing. If you are a solopreneur and you can't afford to set up a company, are there any freelance solutions available on the market? Well, there are a number of freelance activities that you can have, but those would be actually limited, kind of limited. Let's say you cannot have a trading activity under your freelance permit since the freelance permit would mean a professional scale. These will suit individuals who are into photography or in video shooting, let's say they would be in marketing or in education, so those individuals may be easily licensed in one of the free zones with the freelance permit. And if I need to get a visa, how much would it cost? Visas are averagely rated at a cost of 1000 or 1500 US dollars. And the permit? And the permit would cost around 2000 US dollars. So overall it's around 3500? We can say about 3000 to 4000 US dollars. And if you want to have a business bank account, is it possible to have it with a freelance permit? Yes, this is possible. Banks recognize such permits and they classify it as the business license.  Each country has its own business culture and laws. What are the challenges of running a business in the UAE? There are seven emirates in total and the laws slightly change from emirate to emirate, but the real challenges would be taxation. It's quite new law that has been adopted in 2018, which is the BET. For new businesses it is very important to have to have proper consultant, let's say, who can run this part on behalf of the company. I would say this is a challenge. And the other challenge is what most of people face is the sharia law, when it specifically comes to inheritance issues. For non-Muslims, if you do not register a will, which can be registered in the international court, which is located in DIFC, then all your assets would be distributed as per sharia law. To be specific, around 12% goes to your wife, another 16% goes to your father, 16% to your mother, 18% to your daughter and 36% to your son. So if you want to distribute your assets in a manner that you want to be distributed, then it's always important to register a will. But this is applicable only for non-Muslims. So what do you think about the future of the business in Dubai and what are the industries that have the biggest potential? Well, I believe the future of Dubai is very positive. The government is trying to develop their own country as much as they can and they have a good success in it. Businesses are quite different, they are competitive and a lot of people are trying to enter this market. As a statistics, we noticed that a lot of trading companies they set up their business in the UAE as well as IT companies which are mainly based in Dubai Silicon Oasis and Dubai Internet City. So these are probably the most famous business setups in the UAE at this moment as we noticed. So and the final question for today, if you're just starting as an interpreter and you want to set up your business in Dubai but you have quite a small budget and how difficult is it to compete with big players on the market? Well, it is all about your business acumen. If your product is competitive in the market, it doesn't matter how small you start, it's about where you can offer to the clients and how you can do this. I would say that it will take some time if you start small and if you want to grow your business in the country, it will take probably years but at the same time you can still survive and if you assess your risks correctly and if you plan your budget precisely, then you will get your success. Thank you, Marcel, for your time. Thank you for sharing this useful information with us. I hope, guys, you find this video useful. You got quite a lot of interesting information. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments below and myself or Marcel will be happy to answer them and thank you for watching. See you soon. Bye-bye.


ABC has announced the return of TGIF. More about that when we come back. Hey guys, welcome back to Comic-Gun TV, the only place on YouTube where all geek culture collides if you're new to the channel, make sure you hit that subscribe button so you don't miss out on future videos. Alright, so yesterday it was announced that ABC is going to be bringing back TGIF. I have the website up here. So far it looks like the lineup is going to be fresh off the boat, speechless, and child support. So far only two sitcoms and looks like only one of them is really family friendly. How I feel about this is that this isn't TGIF. This should be called something else. This is more like a Tuesday or Wednesday lineup for ABC that they just kind of moved over to Friday nights and called it TGIF. Growing up, TGIF was the biggest thing on TV for Friday nights.  The list goes on and on. You had dinosaurs, good, wholesome family friendly entertainment. I'm not sure what this is but it's not TGIF. If ABC really wanted to bring TGIF back and make it as good as it once was and keep with their formula, their successful formula, formula that was successful for well over a decade. Almost a decade and a half. It started in the late 80s and it went on up until the early 2000s and it really fell off the map once ABC chose not to renew family matters and then CBS picked it up for one season. It really, doing that really hurt TGIF. It was never the same after that. One of the big things with TGIF was their shows were interlinked. They were a shared universe. We talk a lot about shared universes on comic book channels nowadays with the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the DCEU, but this is pretty much where it got started. Other than soap operas, you know, those were shared universes I guess you could say. But this is really where it got started. You would have a lot of crossovers. There were times when Steve Urkel from Family Matters would show up on full house or step by step. He was mentioned at least once in Boy Meets World. Michelle Tanner and her friends showed up on hanging with Mr. Cooper and in the pilot episode Alan Thicke from Growing Pains showed up on the pilot episode of hanging with Mr. Cooper. In fact, the pilot episode was shot in the Growing Pains house. For that, they got their own set and everything. But that's the way it was. It was a shared television universe. I'm not sure what they're going to do with this, but I don't think it's going to be a shared television universe.  You never knew week to week what of your favorite characters from another show were going to show up on the show you're watching. And as I said, it was good, wholesome family entertainment. Family friendly entertainment. And shows like Family Matters, full house. Full house we can make fun of today because of the constant hugging and the all moments and all that. But it was right for the time. It was good wholesome family friendly entertainment. I can't say that enough. That's what TGIF revolved around because their parent company was Disney. Still is Disney. So if ABC wanted to do TGIF right and bring it back and be as popular as it was back in the 90s, I suggest they reintroduced Girl Mates World. Girl Mates World was on the Disney channel for four or five years. I think it was about four years. But it didn't really have as much success as it should have simply because Disney didn't keep with a set schedule for it was all over the place. You never knew when you were going to get a new episode. They would film like they would air three new episodes or maybe one new episode and then you'd have a couple weeks off. They weren't stable with it. So that that's what hurt Girl Mates World. It was a very popular show though. A lot of fans didn't really like the idea that it was being canceled. I think Disney should reboot Girl Mates World with the same cast and everything just maybe a year or two later from where it left off and bring it over to ABC and have that start out the TGIF family friendly lineup. Next, they should reboot Family Matters. The cast and the fans have been all for a Family Matters reboot or reunion show. The only reason it went off the air was because Joe Murray Payton who played Harriet Winslow which the show was built around. It was actually a spin-off of Perfect Strangers. Her character was so popular on Perfect Strangers they decided to give her her own show and it focused around her family. But in the 9th, no, midway through the 10th season they chose not to renew her contract or there was a contract dispute or whatever and they brought in Judy and Elder to replace her. She was okay but she was no Harriet Winslow. They really cut back on her lines and her scenes because of that and there wasn't that same chemistry between her and the rest of the cast. So that's why it ended when it did. Now Reginald Val Johnson, Joe Murray Payton, Darius McCrary, Brighton, excuse me I'm reading all the names, I've forgotten the names, Brighton Eric McClure, Sean Harrison, Jallel White, and Telma Hopkins. They're all, as well as Kelly, Shania Williams Jackson who played Laura, they're all on board for a reboot. So bring back Family Matters. As we know Family Matters ended, Laura and Steve were engaged and planning to get married. Steve went into outer space and then he came back. Special effects for that episode weren't that great but it was a good ending. We all knew that Steve and Laura were going to end up getting together in the end. Focus on that. Bring back Family Matters and then I would go so far as to bring Fuller House over from Netflix and have it as part of TGIF as well. Since Full House was one of the original shows on TGIF, bring it over and put it on the new TGIF lineup. So you'd have Girl Meets World, you'd have Fuller House which agreed it's not as good as the original but it's still pretty good and it's family friendly entertainment. Family Matters reboot and then Melissa Joan Hart has been given a new series on Netflix. Netflix ordered a multi-camera comedy series starring Melissa Joan Hart and Shawn Aston. Let me just read this to you guys real quick. I've brought it up here from Deadline.com. A couple of years ago Netflix entered the Family sitcom arena with Fuller House, a sequel to TGIF's Full House. For its follow up effort in the space, the internet network has picked up another Family sitcom with TGIF pedigree. Netflix has given a 20 episode order to No Good Nick, a multi-camera comedy headlined by Melissa Joan Hart, star of the TGIF comedy Sabrina the TGH Witch and Shawn Aston who you guys may know as Rudy and one of the main characters from Unis. Also the adopted son of the original Gomez Adams on the Adams family and Shawn Aston in his return to Netflix after his memorable co-starring turn on the second season of Stranger Things. Created by David H. Steinberg and Kiki Kogan, No Good Nick also stars Sienna Agadong in the title role as well as Kalama Epstein and Laura Lindsey Donzis. Hartnastin play Liz and Ed, a hyper competitive career mom and lovable but dorky fun dad respectively who unwittingly welcomed 13 year old Nick short for Nicole into their family of four before realizing she is a street smart con artist with a secret agenda. The multi-cam sitcom which has started production has an added element of serialized drama as there might be more beneath the surface of Nick than meets the eye. The series is directed by Andy Fickman and produced by Netflix. It is the second multi-camera comedy series produced by Netflix joining the ranch. Melissa Joan Hart is perfect for family friendly sitcoms. Getting her start on Clarissa explains it all on Nickelodeon, going on to Sabrina the Teenage Witch and voicing Sabrina on the animated series and then with her stint on Melissa and Joey which was a very underrated sitcom. I really enjoyed Melissa and Joey. So if they were to take this and bring it over to ABC, put it on TGIF alongside Girl Meets World, alongside a Family Matters reboot, alongside Fuller House, you would have the TGIF we all grew up and fell in love with in the 90s. As of right now, doesn't look to be the case. I doubt Netflix will want to turn over their series to ABC. They might, given how much money ABC and Disney have. Now I'm not sure what child support is and I've honestly never seen Fresh Off The Boat. Actually, I take that back. I've seen one episode and it really wasn't all that great. There was nothing really special about it in my opinion anyway. This seems like it would be more of an adult oriented sitcom similar to Roseanne with more adult humor than kid friendly humor. And child support seems kind of like a talk show. Stars Ricky Gervais and Fred Savage. Fred Savage has TGIF cred. He was on an episode of Boy Meets World. His brother starred in Boy Meets World, Ben Savage, and they starred together on Little Monsters together, and a few other shows. But Ricky Gervais isn't really known for his family friendly humor, which the same could be said for Bob Saget. But Bob Saget really owned his role as Danny Tanner. He wasn't a super popular comedian, at least not a super well known comedian before his time on Full House. And Full House is what really brought him into the limelight, made him popular, and then his turn on America's Funniest Home Videos, which kind of continued the family friendly humor aspect. But yeah, that's my thoughts. It was also announced this week what happened to Roseanne for the debut of the spin-off The Conners. It turns out she's going to die from, she died from a overdose, a prescription medication overdose, which I don't really agree with. The last episode of final season of Roseanne, they were talking about her getting surgery for her back. And yeah, she had a problem with taking too many pain meds. But I don't think they should have used that as a way to kill off the character. I really think they should have gone the route where there were complications during her back surgery, and maybe she died in surgery. Something like that, something that would make more sense. The idea that Roseanne, who a lot of, many of us grew up with, that she died from a drug overdose doesn't really make sense. So it's going to be interesting to see how they handle that, if they're going to do it justice or brush it off. But I wouldn't rule out that this is the last we see of the Roseanne TV series. Depending on how The Conners does without Roseanne, we could see a return of Roseanne. The same way we saw a return of Dan Conner, John Goodman's character, where the death was part of the story that she was telling in the final episode of previous season of Roseanne over a decade ago. So that's my thoughts on ABC's The Conners and ABC's new TGIF lineup. So something I forgot to mention is that this year's Halloween episode of the Goldbergs was announced yesterday. There's going to be a special guest as well that we are all just excited for. It's going to be the return of the one true Freddy Krueger. Robert England is reprising his role as the Nightmarish Madman from Nightmare on Elm Street. And this year's Halloween episode of the Goldbergs on ABC. I can't tell you how excited I am for it. The title of the show is going to be a Nightmare on Elk Avenue. Of course the Goldbergs is set in the 80s, which was when Nightmare on Elm Street was popularized and created. So it's going to be really interesting to see if Robert England still has it. It's going to be his first real appearance as Freddy in 15 years. Somewhere around there. I think it's been about 15 years since Freddy vs Jason. So I'm really excited for it. I hope you guys are too. As I've said before, this is Comic Getting TV, the only place where all geek culture collides on YouTube. We don't just revolve around comic books and movies. We dive into TV series and books, toys, anything geek culture related. And TGIF has a huge geek culture following. So I thought I'd only write that we'd discuss it on today's episode. Hey guys, if you enjoyed this video make sure you hit that subscribe button right there so you can stay up to date on all things geek culture. Also, you can check out one of these two playlists right here on the side for more videos just like the one you just watched.


Today, we are going to play Function War. This game provides a fun way to build familiarity with and review representations of functions. The goals of this game include finding different representations of the same function and building your familiarity with representations of functions. To play this game, you will need the linear functions set of ugly functions cards and depending on the variation, sticky notes and a pencil or pen. Deal out the cards evenly to all the players. To familiarize yourself with the cards, complete the pregame activity as follows. For each linear function, work together to find the four corresponding cards that represent the function. Group them together and explain how you know they match. Each linear function has four cards. There are 12 groups of four cards each in the set. Context cards serve as wild cards in the game. You can play a faster variation as explained at the end of this video. If you choose the variation, write the linear function of each contact card on a sticky note and attach the sticky note to its context card. Now we can begin gameplay. This game is similar to the classic game, War. On the count of three, all players flip the top card on their deck face up in the center. Each player will determine the y-intercept, x-intercept, slope, or absolute values of these values for all linear functions in play. The first player to state the category and explain why this value is greater than the values in the same category on other players' cards wins the cards for that round. Gameplay continues in this way. The player on the left would see that their y-intercept is going to be zero, but the player on the right's y-intercept is going to be negative two. So they would call y-intercept and get the cards. The player on the left would see that their slope is three, while the player on the right's slope is negative five. So they could call slope and win the cards for this round also. If you incorrectly state a category or value, you forfeit your cards for that round. Context cards trigger bonus rounds. If a context card is played, the first player to find an equation to model the card wins the cards that round. If more than one context card is flipped at a time, the winner of the round is the first player to find an equation to model one of the context cards. If the context card played matches any other flipped up card in play, each player must surrender one extra card to the winner of that round. If you recognize that two non-context cards represent the same function, you must call function war. After explaining why the functions are the same, you automatically win all the cards played that round. To win, a player must win all the cards in the deck through the rounds of function war. Questions to think about during or after gameplay could be, which values are easier or harder to recognize in each representation of the function? What strategies helped you quickly find y-intercept, x-intercept, and slope of the functions? The information about a function is readily evident from each type of representation. A few variations to this game include double war and pre-solve context cards, choose a goal, and levels. Feel free to pause the video to read the variations.


Good boys welcome back. I'm playing among us today with a ton of people Troy didn't professor mainly invited me But I've everyone's link in the description I played this game like two days ago super late night did not record and I love that is so much fun So I'm excited to post this. I'm just recording this intro right now because I know I'm playing way later tonight I probably won't have good lighting for it. So I hope you guys enjoy. I'm super pumped. All right, please I'll see you in the actual gameplay Can't say that Mattie's dead and both of them.   Yes bottom left Yeah, Voxy, so it's Voxy you're there Where was this by inside? I don't know where you guys Where were you? I was running into electrical. I think yummy ram. I mean it was either yummy or I think it was Which body? Yeah, I ran by Joel. Yeah, yeah body body was found purple was found on the bottom left So nobody saw speedy that round I was in the lab. No Joel said he seemed like a pink color, right? I'm when I ran into electrical yummy cross by me. I thought it was purple though That's why I got before where are you?  I was like, I'm about to die in here, but I didn't think I Mean calm. Oh, did you say black? That's me. I was top right I don't know the name of the task, but there is four blinking exclamation points in each I'm gonna skip I'm such a lucky though, but all right. Well, that means it's Pete and yummy No, wait.  I got That's imposter language Imposter's cuss like that Who's all electrical right now? Okay. Wow. We have a double kill in a Joel. I know that was for fact.  I did one called unlock man Let me explain my pathing. So I go to the left to finish my tasks in O2 like I was doing Buxy is standing right atop me I'm like, I'll get the way from Steve. So I go over to deacon Tam. I'm like, he's not gonna follow me Well, he follows me. So I dip out of there real fast and by that point the lights get called So I'm running up to electric and I get on top of the bodies. I see Joel there Wait you saw Papa where I was where'd you see Papa in what area of the map did you see Papa? Tell me what area of the map you saw Papa me Either I was on the Papa or poof one of the two. Oh, okay.  We got poof and Pete Yo Sorry, I was coming into electrical right when this was called and it went see brown Absolutely not me that's so dumb. I don't know is the weakest It's Pete dude, it's not me I'm fairly sure it was not Pete.  We have one floor.  All right. All right.  I'm pretty sure it's not Pete either.   Maybe I'm somebody. What do you mean? You mean Joel yeah, yeah, let's put off Joel Okay, all right, you know side and boxy. Why do you think it's Joel Joel? Do you have any response? I mean, I he wasn't even electrical. So I I'm not sure why he's like voting against me I don't know what it could be side and boxy. Yeah We were at the bottom right of the map whenever this past round when the two kills happened And I was with a boxy for 99% of the run you were just in the bottom right of the map is that you said you guys alibi Yeah, they're just backing each other up.  Yeah vote green MMG vote yellow Yeah You know two of us are from Michigan I don't know man Oh listen, bro.  Okay, hold your horses. Yeah, I got 80 seconds Tell me what I have boxy cleared me. Did did he not vuxy cleared me?  He's died, but he's but he's dead So that how could we believe be both imposter? That's nuts, right? And then brutally murder it I was thinking side and boxy wait poof who'd you vote for less less to frame me if he voted for yellow Nobody and we got why we did not remember. He was like, well, yeah, I voted for no Listen, bro, boxy cleared me, right? Did he not and he's dead this round? Yeah, which is perfect for you Me look how easy it is for side to frame them.  Who was the one saying vote yellow vote? Yeah, who reported it? I didn't report the body. He killed him and he's self-reported. Who'd you who was killed? Boxy was killed give poof bro, please boxy was killed boxy was killed Where were you guys on the map?  Oh, I don't like this. You know what? I hope the lines win this year Just needed to make one kill Reactor too early You got it you held that you have your composure well The button to hit reactor then you already hit it Yeah, you have better sight remember that Thank you Lights off what's just can someone tell me what happened, please?  Yeah, it's like right under that in the hallway pink body Okay, so so you're in the top right in the map. Yes, I think like kind of more like center top right under this the stabilizer I got you. Okay.  I'm like wait, wait, how many were killed wasn't it just one person's dad I'm clearing for He's good. He's good for the game I want to ask you because class he was like pretty much on me the entire except for like maybe a couple seconds No, I'd be I'd be suss at both of you, but there's there's ones already gone. So I guess I'm not I Am the one that I yelled yellow out like Western. Yeah, wait, hold on.  That's why I almost think there's two What's the cool that what's the cool that I have to kill someone Jesus no, there's two people on yellow was brown. So if it was high yellow is brown. What's what does that mean? Yeah, brown and yellow were saying on top of each other so I'm like if it's not yellow is brown 50-50 Bruh Who? Bro, MMG, if you're not the imposter, you just throw it I flipped the coin, bro!  Oh, he went round on with Pete! I flipped the coin, bro! You should bring it! You should bring it! I did use my brain! Let's go!  Thank you for the vaccine apology and a few other people deal.  Sorry, Bucky. Sorry, Bucky. Sorry, Bucky. Sorry, Bucky. Sorry, Bucky. Sorry, Bucky. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Oh my God. No, you don't play Kesha right this.


and the shutdown by the editors. An audio misis wire narrated by Million Quinteros. The shutdown of the American economy by government decree should end. The lasting and far-reaching harms caused by this authoritarian precedent far outweigh those caused by the COVID-19 virus. The American people, individuals, families, businesses must decide for themselves how and when to reopen society and return to their daily lives. Neither the Trump administration nor Congress has the legal authority to shut down American life absent at least baseline due process. As Judge Andrew Napolitano recently wrote, business closures, restrictions on assembly and movement, and quarantines are not constitutionally permissible under some magic emergency doctrine. At a minimum, the federal government must show potential imminent harm by specific infected individuals at some form of hearing or trial. These due process requirements are not suspended. State and local officials may claim or even possess lawful police powers to shut down their communities. We offer no analysis of such powers or claims under the myriad of state constitutions and authorizing legislation, but they should resist exercising these powers. The governor of Virginia in particular deserves admonition for unilaterally imposing a lengthy period of virtual house arrest.  We do know that predictions regarding infection and death rates are highly unreliable. Even actual deaths attributable to COVID-19 are not so easy to count as Italy has discovered. Age, general health and comorbidity are difficult variables to assess and people may die with the virus, but not from it. It is also very difficult to assess the lethality of the virus relative to previously known types of flu and colds. To date, COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. are far fewer than deaths in ordinary flu seasons or from past pandemics, such as the H1N1 virus. This understanding is critically important to put the virus and the government response to it in perspective. Even during past pandemics, depressions and world wars, Americans went to work. In 1850, French economist Frédéric Bastiat helped the world understand the seen and unseen costs of state policies. It is simple to see how quarantines and lockdowns will slow the spread of COVID-19. It is critical but not so simple to see the costs and harms caused by the economic shutdown. Only then can we rationally understand the trade-offs involved. How many Americans suffering from other illnesses cannot see a doctor now? How many Americans will lose their jobs, their life savings, their retirement prospects and their incalculable feeling of self-worth? How many will succumb to depression, drug or alcohol abuse and suicide? How many will lose their homes, divorce their spouses or suffer abuse? How many will never recover in their careers? How many small businesses, including vital doctors, dentists and veterinarians will vanish from your community? How many young people will fail to launch? Worse still, will grocery stores and gas stations remain open and stopped? Will crime spike? Will the American social fabric already thin from politics tear apart? These questions are not rhetorical. All of these things happened to a degree following the Great Recession of 2008. They will happen again very soon if we fail to act immediately. Tomorrow on April 1st, millions of Americans will not pay rent on mortgages. Millions of small businesses will shudder, just as many large employers such as Macy's, Kohl's, airlines and hotels already have. Millions of service workers are unemployed already, but many more jobs will be lost. The effects will cascade. There is no conflict between humanitarian and economic concerns. In fact, they are flip sides of the same coin. A poorer America will be a much less healthy America, one more vulnerable to future illness and disease. Technology, modern medicine and market actors can address a virus. Already, we see entrepreneurs producing cheaper ventilators and doctors using cheap generic drugs with very promising results. This local bottom-up approach is the only effective way to confront the virus. The federal government, as we see now and have in the past, is comically incapable of competence in times of crisis. On a fundamental level, freedom really is more important than security, or in this case, an illusion of security. We all demonstrate this in our personal lives every day, from flying to driving to riding bicycles, to consuming unhealthy food and drink simply because we like it. Security has never been the sole or even primary goal for a country born in rebellion. Government cannot decide what aspects of our lives are essential or non-essential. The American people cannot simply sit at home and wait for government checks written on funds that government does not have. End the shutdown. For more content like this, visit Mises.org.


The thing has changed the way the earth is rotating. We're pumping too much groundwater because so much of government policy pays farmers to do that. There are some tribes where there's an effort to protect certain places, certain waterways, because it is a sacred place to them. I think at the end of the day there is no perfect city that's doing everything right, but there are little examples or experiments in cities. We also have to think not how do we build to the capacity of today, but how do we manage our life out of water in the year 2050 or beyond.


Autolight and its 98,000 dealers present suspense. Tonight, Autolight presents a special program for this holiday season. The unusual dramatization of T'was the night before Christmas, starring Miss Greer Garson, who appears by arrangement with MGM, producers of the new color picture, Nights of the Round Table, in CinemaScope, starring Robert Taylor, Ava Gardner, and Mel Ferrer. Good evening, this is Harlow Wilcox speaking for Autolight. Tonight, as a special Christmas presentation from the worldwide Autolight family, we bring you Miss Greer Garson, in a story about a certain little girl on a certain Christmas Eve. And now, Autolight presents transcribed T'was the night before Christmas, hoping once again to keep you in suspense.  Wake up, Kathy. It's the day before Christmas. Oh, and there's so much to do. Miss Bob, it's right out already. You said you were going to wake me really early today, so we could go to the airport and meet them. Come on up, you get. Let's get you dressed. Buffy, they're going to be waiting for me, and you didn't wake me. I know what they're home already. Kathy. In the kitchen already, having their coffee. I know, honey. The clock in the kitchen said 8.30. Kathy, here, put this on, dear. You told me you wanted to wear this dress today. So that's why I ironed it for you. Miss Bob. Yes, dear? Why aren't they here? Oh, they'll be here. But when I talked to Mommy on the telephone yesterday, she said she would be here at 6 this morning. And I promised her I'd meet her at the airport, her and Dad. I know, I know. And Daddy said he had a surprise he was bringing for me, all the way from Paris. It's 8.30, Buffy. Let's go out to the airport now. Oh, there's so many things to do. First, you've got to get your breakfast, and we have to finish decorating the tree.  Oh, everything can wait, Buffy. Hurry, I promise to meet them. No, dear. Why not, Bob? Well, I think we'll, we'll wait for them here. Kathy. Yes? You remember what you promised your Mommy and Dad? That you'd do everything I ask you while they were away? Yes. Then, uh, we'll wait for them here, hmm? All right, Buffy. Yes. I know. Don't you think they might have called and told us they'd be late? Oh, I'll go and make our lunch. You must be very hungry. No, I'm not.  Miss Buff, I'm not hungry. Look. Oh, look, it's snowing, honey. We'll have a nice warm lunch, and then we'll go out for a long walk, hmm? You should have called. I'll tell you what, Kathy. We'll take our walk first. We'll see the shops. We'll visit. We'll go and see Johnny and your aunt and uncle. Maybe if it snows hard enough, we can all build a snowman. Wouldn't you like that? Yes, that would be fun. Well, go get your coat and hat and galoshes, dear. All right. And when we come back, Mommy and Daddy will be home.  Oh, I'll get it on newspaper. I see. It's a man, Buff. He says he wants to talk to an older person. Here. Hello? Yes, this is the Harper residence. I'm the housekeeper. I... Well, just a moment, please. Kathy. Who is it? Someone wants to talk to me, honey.  No. Who are you talking to, Buff? Never mind, dear.  No. No, I won't. Hello? I... I see. Yes. Yes, I saw the papers. Yes, yes, that was the daughter. Yes, the only child. No, she doesn't. No. No, no, I wish you wouldn't. Please, don't hear. No. Who was it? It was just a man, honey. Who's from the newspapers? Why? What did he want? Nothing. He asked about me, didn't he? Why? Honestly, honey, it was nothing. It wasn't mommy and daddy. Well, it wasn't anything important. Buff. Yes, dear? I don't know. Look at that snow coming down, Kathy. Get your things, dear. Go on. Don't they sing beautifully, Kathy? Very softly. The street and all the decorations and the singers. It's very softly, Miss Buff. Here, give this to the man. Well, thank you. Thank you, Missy. Merry Christmas. Merry Christmas. Let's go home now. In a little while, don't you remember? I'm visiting, too. Mommy and daddy are probably home right now waiting for me. I'm wondering where I am. And we'll build a snowman together, like I said. Come on, honey. I remember when I was a little girl, how excited I get. All the wonderful things to see. The sights and the smells and the sounds. Pretty shop windows and the snow. To be a little girl at Christmas time. To be young at Christmas time. What's the matter, Buffy? Oh, Kathy. Buffy. Let me hold you. Oh, Kathy, darling. Buffy, you're crying. I'm just telling you, I guess. Why, look, there's Santa Claus watching us. Let's say hello to him. You were crying. Hello, Santa. Merry Christmas. Oh, Merry Christmas, little girl. Merry Christmas.  What's your name? Kathy.  Thank you. And I can tell you, you've been a good little girl. I saw the way your mommy was holding you. She's Miss Buff. My mommy's away. Daddy too. We're taking a walk to make them come home. Oh, and where are they? I don't know. I don't know. Kathy, come in, darling, and Miss Buff. How are you? Come in, come in. Mother. Mother, guess who's here? And Miss Buff. Hello, Aunt. Hello, Mrs. Cleveland.  We've got a big fire in the living room. And wait till you see our Christmas tree, Kathy. I'm sure it's very beautiful. I bet Kathy came to see her cousin, Johnny, didn't she? Yes, I did, Uncle Ted. I would like to see him very much. Do you know what that boy of mine did, Miss Buff? No. He found the trace. Oh, he did? After I took so much trouble to hide them out in the garage, he found them. So, of course, I had to set them up for him. Well, it's the day before Christmas. He's in his room now, Kathy. Yes, I would like to play with the train. Of course you would. Johnny. I can't come. Kathy's here. Kathy, you ought to see. I've got them all hitched up now. Go on, Kathy. All right. I've been on the phone since 7 this morning, Miss Buff, and there just isn't any word at all about the plane. Look, look, look. A man from the newspaper called the house I told him to stay away. Did the child know? I, I think she does. What did you tell her? Nothing. How do you tell a child, Miss Cleveland? Look at it go! What I can't understand is why no word at all. The plane took off from Paris on time and there was radio contact over Ireland from what I could find out. But since then, nothing. You'd better tell her, John. Tell me what? Well, there was a storm over the ocean. Pretty bad storm. They said... Miss Buff. Yes, darling? I've just figured out something. It's about Mommy and Daddy. Oh, Kathy. They're not coming home. They're not ever coming home. Autolight is bringing you Miss Greer-Garson with Anne Whitfield as Kathy. It was the night before Christmas. Tonight's production in radio's outstanding theatre of thrills, sous-spends. This is Harlow Wilcox again with a message from Mr. Royce G. Martin, president and chairman of the Electric Autolight Company. It is presented in the name of the Autolight family, which includes some 30,000 Autolight men and women and their families, 18,000 people who have invested a portion of their savings in Autolight, as well as 98,000 dealers and the greatest names in the industry who use Autolight products as original equipment. This is the message from Mr. Martin. In our America, we are especially blessed this Christmas with a free country. We are surrounded with freedom-loving people who appreciate the word Christmas. We are grateful for what this day means to all of us and for what it meant to our great forefathers. We will never forget the one whose holy birthday we are about to celebrate. We thank him for the word freedom and the happiness that he has given us. We of the Autolight family wish you and yours a very merry Christmas and a new year filled with health and happiness. And now Autolight brings back to our Hollywood soundstage Miss Greer Garson in Elliott Lewis' production of Twas the Night Before Christmas. A tale well calculated to keep you in... suspense. Oh, it's going to be good to get inside of the house, Kathy. Oh, look at you. You look almost like the snowman you and Johnny built.  There's a man there. Don't you say nothing? Right there, standing by the door. Man. Hello? Good evening, Miss. Hello, little girl. Is this your house? Yes, I live here. Who are you? What do you want?  Yes. I asked you, who are you? No, don't worry about it, ma'am. I just want to take a picture of the little girl. You want your picture taken, little girl? You're the reporter I talked to this morning, aren't you? And we'll want one of you too, ma'am. Here, get in the house, Kathy. Don't stand there, dear. Get in the house. I'll be in a moment. It's Christmas Eve, Mr. Reporter. Did you know that... Oh, now look, ma'am, I've got to... It's Christmas Eve. Where's your heart? Oh, look, you've got to understand. I talked to you on the phone. It was almost 10 hours ago, before noon. It's nighttime already. There still isn't any word about the plane. I represent a newspaper, ma'am. We've got to assume, well, you know, I don't want to say it any more than you do. Well, just go away. Oh, now, really, I've got to... Were you ever lonely on Christmas Eve, alone in a house that's empty? Well, outside, other people were singing, when there was warmth and love and joy, but outside... I'm just trying to... Christmas Eve, the snow is falling. Christmas Eve. And the child is grieving. Yeah. I'm sorry. Good night. Kathy. I'm in the living room, Buffy. I just had a wonderful thought. Yes? Let's have a secret. What, Buffy? Let's not wait till tomorrow. What do you mean? We'll go to our tree and open some of our presents now. Maybe just one. We'll choose the one with the most beautiful wrapping. You can open it and you can play with it. No, well, I go and fix something for you to eat. I'm not hungry, Buffy. Honestly, I'm not... Or just some milk and cookies, honey. You haven't eaten something. Oh, I... Well, well, let's choose. Go ahead, pick one. That one. Mm-hmm. It's from Mr. and Mrs. Anderson next door. Open it. You open it, Buffy. Oh, look. Very nice. A carousel. Well, I wind it for you. And we'll put it down here. No. Oh. Oh, that's sweet. You watch it. When it runs down, you can wind it up again. I'm going into the kitchen. Kathy, here's your... Kathy. Kathy, honey, where are you? Kathy, your milk and cookies are on the table. Kathy, are you in your room, Kathy? Kathy? Hey, Miss Buffy. Mr. Anderson, it's Kathy here. Well, I know who she is. Would you mind asking Mrs. Anderson if Kathy's here? Maybe she came in through the back way. Well, Mrs. Anderson and I have been sitting in the living room for the last hour. Well, what's the matter, Miss Buffy? Kathy ran out of the house. Oh, poor child. I can imagine how she must feel. Well, I thought you might have come over here next door. She just ran out of the house. I don't know where she is. Oh, child like that. And what's happened to her today? Oh, wait. I'll get my coat, Miss Buffy. I'll come with you. Listen. Well, Mr. Anderson, go. Paul, have you seen Kathy? Sure. But where is she? I don't know. Where is she, Paul? Where did she go? How am I supposed to know where she went? But you saw her, didn't you? Sure. She was running down the block. I yelled at her to come on over, but she kept running. Which way, Paul? Down there, I guess. Where the stores are. Oh, thank you. Sure. Merry Christmas, Mr. Anderson. Merry Christmas, Miss Buffy. Store, Miss Buffy. And I'm the only one on the block who's open. Last-minute Christmas rush, you know. Thank you, Mr. Ruckston. Hey, now that kid and what happened to that plane today, I'd sure let the police know she was missing. I think he's right, Miss Buffy. Call them, please. Call them. Oh, uh, use this phone, Miss Anderson. Uh, hello, operator. Uh, give me the police. Police? I want to report a little girl who's missing. Uh-huh. Kathy Harper. Well, she got blonde hair and blue eyes. Oh, wait a second. I'll find out. I'm in the house, Miss Buffy. I'm sure they'll find her. It's 10 o'clock. They've been looking for three hours. Oh, they have ways. They'll find her. We're waiting in that station house with all the policemen who phoned in. None of them. Word. You just go in the house. Now, I'll send Mrs. Anderson over. No, no, really. I'd rather you wouldn't. Well. Good night, Mr. Anderson. Thank you. Found Kathy. Yes, ma'am. Where is she? You've got to come with me, ma'am. Just wait a minute. It was the night before Christmas. We went all through the house. Not a creature was stirring. Not even the most. The stockings were hung by the chimney with care. In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there. The children were nestled all snug in their bed while visions of sugar plums danced in their heads. And my ma and her catch and I and my cap had just settled down for a long winter nap. When I'd on the lawn there arose such a clatter I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. Way to the window I flew like a flash, tore open the shutters and threw open the sash. The moon on the breast of the new fallen snow gave a luster of midday to objects below. When what to my wondering eyes should appear but a miniature slain and eight tiny reindeer with a little old driver so lively and quick I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick. More rapid than eagles his courses became and he whistled and shouted and called him by name. Now Dasher, now Dancer, now Bronson and Vixen, on Comet, on Cupid, on Donder and Blitzen to the tops of the porch, to the top of the wall. Now Dasherway, Dasherway, Dasherway all. Kathy, baby, it's Christmas. We don't cry on Christmas. Maybe, maybe. Hey, how about a big hug for me? Oh, Daddy. That's my girl. Where's Miss Buff? Beds the place for you. Come on, I'll carry it. Hello, Buffy. Merry Christmas. Merry Christmas, Buff. We had to make an emergency landing in Newfoundland. Small field communications were shot. That storm... Yes, yes. Let's not talk about it anymore now. Buffy was reading me a wonderful thing about the night before Christmas. Here, I'll put you in bed, Kathy. Read it to us, Buffy. To all of us. Oh, well, I, um, lost my place. Read it, Buffy. As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly when they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky. So up to the house top, the courses they flew with a sleigh full of toys. And St. Nicholas, too. And then in a twinkle, I heard on the roof the prancing and pawing of each little hoof. And I drew in my head and was turning around. Down the chimney, St. Nicholas came with a band. He was dressed all in fervor in his head to his foot and his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot. A bundle of toys he had flung on his back and looked like a peddler just opening his back. His eyes, how they twinkled. His dimples, how merry!   The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth.   He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elven. I laughed when I saw him in spite of myself. A wink at his eye and a twist of his head soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread. He spoke not a word. He went straight to his work and filled all the stockings.  He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle and away they all flew like the down on a whistle. But I heard him exclaim as he drove out of sight Happy Christmas to all and to all a good night. Ladies and gentlemen, you have just heard Miss Greer Garson in a dramatization of, it was the night before Christmas, tonight's production in auto lights suspense. Miss Garson will return in just a moment. Next week on suspense, our star will be Mr. James Mason who has Lord Essex plots to capture Elizabeth's throne. It's called the Queen's Ring. Suspense is transcribed and directed by Elliot Lewis with music composed by Lucian Morrowick and conducted by Lud Gluskin. Chorus was under the direction of Roger Wagner. It was the night before Christmas was written for suspense by Morton Fine and David Friedkin. In tonight's story, Anne Whitfield was heard as Kathy. Featured in the cast were Harry Bartel, Irene Tedrow, Mary Lansing, Charles Calvert, Howard McNeer, Herb Butterfield, Johnny McGovern, Sydney Miller, Joseph Kearns, and John Ramsay Hill. And here once again is our lovely star, Miss Garson. Harlow, thank you very much. And thank you, Anne Whitfield. While I have these few moments, may I join the auto lights family in sending holiday greetings to our friends everywhere. Merry Christmas, Harlow. Merry Christmas, Greer. Merry Christmas to all and to all a good night. This is the CBS Radio Network.