it. All right. Other doesn't want to be seen today. Yeah, I had a couple of clerks at stores say Domo water you got to but apparently that's very super formal. That's like, thank you serve very much or something along those and Mike is saying your volume is low, Tom. Well, I'll speak up and Mike. But a few seconds ago, I swear you had some hiss on the line and then it went away. Yeah, this usually happens because of me. That's no, it was only when Tom was talking. Oh, okay. I had no idea. It's fine now. Why do you is hard? Video is even harder. Your volume is low, Ed, Mike. Oh, that's weird. And Mike said it was only an alpha geek radio. Makes no sense. Yeah, it doesn't. Oh, well. Yeah, as it's we'll have a late it, I promise. Exactly. But thank you that I did a diagram of how I do the live show, my live show and it's hysterical. I showed it to to Bart and he said, well, it's complicated enough to be right. Like he wasn't even gonna try to figure out what I was doing. Because I go to so much work to not have a mixer that my all my workflow, I've got loop back and audio goes around like this and in it. Yeah, but I've got a mixer and I ended up having two mixers. So maybe I should send it to you. It's complicated. No matter what you do, I feel like it becomes complicated. Well, I think the problem is as soon as it works, you think, I bet I could do that. Well, it's which fail point bothers you the most, right? I have two mixers because I'm trying to avoid the fail point of having all of the audio capture on one computer, meaning that if that computer slows down or has a problem, I lose it all. And that has saved me a couple times when the Hangout dumps, but I was still able to talk to agr and keep a local recording of the audio. But it causes other problems that you are avoiding because if the mixer gets unplugged or introduces interference or all of that, that doesn't happen to you because you've got it all nicely packaged into one. So it's there's there's no perfect during what during one of my Hangouts. The other day, my Mac logged me out. There's nothing that's gonna save you from that. By the way, they call my live show. Watching the sausage get made. Yeah, right. Look right here. One of my one of my fans sent a sausage grinder to my house. Oh, lovely. It weighs about eight pounds. I did an unboxing. Can you use it for sausage? You could but I'm not going to that's all right. Let's get the show on the road. You guys ready? Go go go. Here we go. Daily Tech News show is powered by its audience, not outside organizations. To find out more, head to dailytechnewshow.com slash support. This is the Daily Tech News for Friday, September 16, 2016. I'm Tom Merritt, very pleased today to be joined by Ms. Allison Sheridan from the Silicast back on the show. How's it going, Allison? It's going good, Tom. We missed you. But your crusher did a good job while you were gone. I agree. They did great. I miss Darren even more. He's off doing something else. Hopefully he'll be back next week. But we have Len Peralta here. I haven't seen him in a couple of weeks either. How's it going, Len? Oh, it's great. It's good to see you too, sir. It's always so we got to catch up at some point to hear how your your your trip went. Oh, yeah, absolutely. Maybe after the show, we can I can I can fill you in a little bit. I'll try to talk about drones and hacking. And I'll try to draw something that has to do with it. Yeah, we're gonna we're actually going to talk about brand confusion a little bit today. Allison has been studying how much people actually know which Samsung device has been recalled. Now you I don't want to get too far down this conversation, but no one has said refrigerator yet. It's mostly everybody knows it's a phone. Yes, yes, I'm doing highly scientific polling. So we'll talk about that a little bit. In a surprising turn of events yesterday, the internet not only liked something new, but it was something Twitter did streaming the NFL game was largely received policy pop positively. And now here are some more top stories. The Associated Press, Vice Media and Gannett, which is the owner of USA Today have joined in a lawsuit against the US FBI to force it to make public the details of the business transaction that led to the cracking of an iPhone 5c in San Bernardino earlier this year. Now the FBI has declined to release any details, even in response to Freedom of Information Act requests, and there have been three different requests from these three different news agencies. So the lawsuit is saying we need you to tell us who who the vendor was, how much you paid them, and a little bit more about the contractual arrangement. It is not asking the FBI to reveal the method of the crack, which I think a lot of people see the headline and kind of assume that that's not part of this. They just say, I think the public has a right to know who the government is paying and how much to do these kinds of cracks. Yeah, you know, I read actually a great deal of the AP's request, because I found it unbelievable that they weren't asking for that. And they referred back to I think it was USA Today who had requested it previously and they never asked for that. But the FBI was saying that the reason they weren't going to give the details on the business transaction was because it was part of an ongoing possibly or maybe future investigation. Yeah, it's a halo of confidentiality, right? It is perfectly legitimate during an ongoing investigation for the investigators to say, we don't want to reveal certain details, because we don't want them to bias other facts or tip off people that we're going to be investigating, etc. I don't know that it's obvious that the name of a vendor would tip anything off. On the other hand, maybe I can envisage a scenario where knowing that vendor would then lead a lot of security researchers to be able to make a very good guess as to what the method was and maybe then that method would be blocked in the future and they want to prevent that. It does seem to be a fairly limited scenario though. One thing I didn't understand was why the AP felt that we did need to know the business transaction. What I to me, the technical transaction is obviously more interesting from a privacy perspective than how much money did you pay and who gave it to you? Yeah, it's not about the privacy in that case, right? It's about the public's right to know what the government's doing with its money. Did you pay a legitimate organization? Did you pay an organization that has questions about its ethics?  And that's not I'm guessing that's not who they paid, but we don't know. We don't know who they paid. And I think that is what the news organizations are saying is public has a right to know who it was that you contracted to do this hack. I guess so. I guess so. Where is Darren today? Oh, no, you said dark. Not Whitehead. Oh, incidents. I think so actually. Well, I fix it has issued its teardown of the iPhone 7 plus the space once occupied by the headphone jack assembly is taken up by the Taptic engine and a plastic bumper likely part of the water resistance feature. The 7 plus has a 29 15 milliamp hour battery larger than the six plus is 27 50 milliamp hour battery. I fix it also found three gigabytes of LP DDR4 RAM and nine to fact nine to five Mac notes chip works teardown found an Intel modem transceivers and power management ICs. And I think that that second part was about the iPhone 7 and is related to how the new iPhones are don't have CDMA. Yeah, it is one of the reasons that some of the models that used to have CDMA support don't the most significant point to me in these revelations is that chip works teardown finding those Intel parts with it had been rumored that Intel was providing parts. There's a very well reasoned and and long article from Vlad survived on the verge today, saying that, you know, Intel should be worried about the new A10 chip from iPhone because, you know, Intel's whole future is based on chips. But having this many parts in an iPhone means that Intel has a good working relationship with Apple. And maybe, and this is sort of next step after Vlad's column, maybe Intel could convince Apple to use its foundries to create its future chips because as we remember, Intel has decided to open up its foundries to manufacture harm. So I feel like this is a very positive thing for Intel to see Apple working with this many parts in it. Right, right. And now as far as the room for the Taptic Engine, one of the things I've been thinking about is how people are obviously have lost their minds about the headphone jack, blah, blah, blah. But what I don't hear people say is, okay, if you had a choice of a headphone jack, or more battery and say a home button that doesn't break, because now it's a Taptic Engine instead of instead of a physical button press, and it's waterproof. Now which would you choose? Headphone jack. Okay, old man. I'm taking the internet, but partly giving you an honest answer. Like I want that headphone jack. And yes, I totally admit, I'm an old man. I can buy more battery. I can get a case with more battery. I guess I guess I can get a case with a headphone jack and $9 dungle one out there being Oh, yeah, the dongles great. Oh, I never misplace a dongle. That's always the optimum solution to have a dongle. You know what? I think the problem is just boys don't carry purses. I don't lose these things. I do. I have the little I mean, like for the for the iPad pro, right? It's in order. No, for the pencil, you guys, there's a little thing that's a double ended female lightning connector. I still have mine. I bet I'm the only person you know who's better person than we are. Even if I carried a bag, I would lose it in the bag and be in there. I find it.  So I speak from a little bit of experience here. It's probably in there. Yeah, exactly.  So if I forget the thunderbolt adapter, at least I've got one. I know I just I hate that adapter culture myself. But you'd rather hold carry a Mophie juice pack than a $9 dongle. Not carry a case, a battery case, just a right, right. But I mean, you would rather battery, my battery gets me through the day most of the time unless I'm traveling. And then that's when I need the case. So I remember to put the case and it's much less likely to misplace that case. That's true. That's true. But I'm saying what if you didn't need the case at all? Yeah, I know. Well, you know what? I'm getting an iPhone 7 plus. And I specifically bought it to test whether my my fears are true or not. And we'll see what happens. Yeah, yeah, I guess. How about waterproof? I'm sorry, not waterproof splash resistance. Splash resistance doesn't matter as much to me. But that's never ground to something I can understand that other people might say I haven't. The only time I've ever had water damaged to an eye to a phone was not something that splash resistance would have saved. I mean, I had it in my pocket and got into a pool. So it would have been I'm not going to walk around pouring champagne on it. That's all I'm saying. Okay. All right. Irish Technic is John Brodkin reports the City Council of Wilson, North Carolina has voted to stop providing its city run green light fiber internet service to the neighboring town of Pine Tops, the state of North Carolina, recently won a lawsuit against the US FCC to preserve a state law which prevents Wilson from offering its services outside the county. So about 200 Pine Top customers who had been getting green light will now lose their service as of October 28th green light cell service from 40 megabits per second up to a gig for $40 up to $100 a month. Wilson provides electrical service to Pine Tops and laid the fiber there to support a smart grid initiative and then was using that fiber they laid for this smart grid to also provide service. And the state is now saying, we don't care if the fibers there and you can light it up. It is against state law for you to do so. Pine Tops only remaining equivalent ISP is Century Link DSL, which provides a maximum most expensive service of 50 megabits per second. So I absolutely hate these stories because I can't figure out why does the state of North Carolina want people not to have broadband? Well, I would imagine that the people in support of this law in the state of North Carolina would say, it's not that we don't want people to have broadband. We don't want the city getting involved in a private industry. And if municipalities and governments get in and create broadband, they make it harder for private companies to make money off broadband. But the private companies aren't making any money off a broadband for these people because they're not they're doing it for for a point that shows that they don't need broadband because it's not a legitimate business initiative. And therefore the city providing it was a waste of taxpayer dollars.    That's how the argument runs.  And we have seen plenty of times, whether it's private or public, when another competitor comes in with improved service, it spurs the other competitors to then invest in their own services and improve them. We've seen that in Austin, we've seen it in Atlanta, etc. So it is difficult for me to look at this and say it was a bad thing to allow another competitor, whether it was city run or not, to provide service to an area. Yeah, so you talk about like when they come within 50 feet of the end of Scott Johnson's driveway with Google Fiber and then turn left. Yeah, I'm not sure if I'm not sure if that was if that really bears on this because I think that's just a, you know, there was an artificial line drawn on the rollout. He should get it eventually. It's one of these laws. But it is, you know, here in LA, I know someone who can see across the street, someone who has FiOS from Frontier and they can't get it because, you know, Verizon previously, which owned FiOS here and now Frontier has no plans to run that fiber across the street. Yeah, or our friend Diane, who's got what AT&T Uverse, she can it's right there and she's not allowed to have it. Yeah. And so the worst part about this is since the FCC had said they didn't think that those laws, those state laws were enforceable, Wilson was providing service and John Brogdon has an interview with a company called the Vic Family Farms that was relying on this fiber to support a high tech packing plant. They think will not be able to be run under the existing CenturyLink connection. So you're now hurting business because this infrastructure is not there. And a lot of people have likened it to building a highway and then declaring it illegal to drive on it. Yeah. Yeah. So let's be clear, the city in the state taxpayers did pay for this to be there and now no one can use it. Exactly. That OK. Awesome. Moving on before I start screaming. 18 organizations including Google, Facebook and the World Federation of Advertisers and the Interactive Advertising Bureau announced the formation of the Coalition for Better Ads at DeMexico in Cologne, Germany on Thursday. The group aims to create global online advertising standards based on direct consumer research. Actually talking to consumers. Look at that. The coalition is a response to the growth in ad blocking ads will be scored based on page load time tracking pixels and the type of creative, which means banner page takeovers, those kinds of things participating members will not run ads that fail to meet a certain threshold. On the top level, I think this is a fine idea, right? The advertising agent, the advertising world getting together and saying, hey, we're seeing this horrible backlash because of ad blocking. Let's address why. Let's actually pay attention to customers and come up with better standards. What I think is hilarious, Allison, is that that's what the Internet Advertising Bureau was formed to do was to set standards that advertisers would abide by. That is what the World Federation of Advertisers theoretically does, is gets all the advertisers together to agree on how they're going to roll out advertising. So it seems odd to me that a super organization needs to be created to get those sub organizations to play by new rules that pay attention to customers. You make them sound like a creed in the office who was supposed to be checking quality all these years and never did. Yeah, they were off the golf course or something. Well, it's interactive advertising bureau was formed in the early 2000s as a way to say, hey, we've got, you know, banner ads all over the place and no real way to no standard way of tracking them. Let's all get together and make it better for advertisers. But it was never customer focused. And I guess that's why we now have this new organization, the Coalition for Better Ads, to make it more customer focused. Yeah, maybe what they're focusing on is what customers would be the advertisers, I suppose. Oh, right, right, right. But maybe what they were focusing on is what kind of ads will make us the most amount of money? Yeah, absolutely. What what ads will make us in the most amount of money that we can all agree were OK delivering? I mean, pop up ads were a big debate among interactive advertising bureau members in the mid 2000s. And and they've gone beyond that with, you know, they they didn't they didn't pay serious attention to the people complaining about pop up ads or pop under ads or any of that stuff. And they have now reaped the reward of ad blocking. Being taught to a whole generation of people who otherwise would never have bothered messing with ad blockers. Right. Right. One thing that bothers me about this is these organizations. Do they include, I don't know, Forbes that's still trying to serve me flash ads on my iPad? And and, you know, I'm a business insider. I think lists the members. And at this point, Forbes is not part of that. But I would assume Forbes is part of the Interactive Advertising Bureau. So perhaps they will fall under that. Most sites end up under these guidelines or I would imagine the majority of them will. Now, it's a question of if the Interactive Advertising Bureau says we are abiding by these rules. Does that mean all of the IAB members will not necessarily? Yeah.  I'm going to start. Or saying, hey, you're blocking a particular script from running and therefore we're not going to let you see any of the content of our site. It's another one of others, D6. It's spelled D E dash C I X is the operator of the world's largest Internet exchange point in Frankfurt, Germany. If you don't know what an Internet exchange point is, I'm going to way over simplify. I had apologies to those who work in the industry. It is a place where the large network operators that that deliver traffic on the Internet can meet and exchange their their content. So the Comcasts of the world can exchange with the AT&Ts of the world at exchange points. And that's when you hear about transit agreements. And in fact, when we were talking about Comcast and Netflix having arguments about their interconnections, those were in many cases taking place at exchange points. So back to D6, they operate the largest one of these in the world. All the people in Germany are exchanging their traffic at the D6 point in Frankfurt, Germany. D6 filed a lawsuit Friday against the German Interior Ministry to stop mass surveillance at that exchange point. D6 wants to show that surveillance orders from the German Federal Intelligence Service. I won't try to pronounce it in German, but short BND. BND surveillance orders are illegal under Germany's G10 Act. D6 cited a paper from a constitutional lawyer named Hans Jürgen Papier alleging the BND's surveillance is disproportionate and indiscriminate. In other words, it doesn't try to determine if people are in Germany or out of Germany, whether they're foreigners or domestic. It just takes all the traffic. D6 always also says the BND violates the legal limit, which should be intercepting no more than a fifth of D6's available bandwidth at any given time. So I'm so confused on so many things on this. But one question, I thought I thought Germany was the people that were against surveillance. Right. Usually like the privacy people. Totally. Yeah. Okay. And they have all kinds of laws about what can happen on ISPs. But this isn't an ISP. This isn't a customer internet service provided. This is an exchange point. And apparently what the BND has been doing is putting a tap where the transit happens and just bulk collecting a ton of data. And D6 says this is not good. This is not legal. You should not be allowed to do this. You should have to have a target to do this. And a lot of folks in the industry feel like if this were to continue, if BND is allowed to do this, that a lot of internet providers will stop bringing their transit service to these sorts of exchanges. And it could even lead to a more siloed situation where, you know, we go back to the AOL days. So how would you even do that though? You'd be bypassing and just saying, OK, my everything from the United States doesn't go through Germany, even though the United States is surveilling everything too. But you could you would have people saying, well, I don't really trust that D6 point. So you have to access me through this other route. And therefore, I'm not really going to be able to exchange my data with people over there because it's just too difficult. That is an extreme scenario. But that's what a lot of people fear could be a cascading effectiveness. And this is a lawsuit in Germany against. Against the BND. Yeah, the BND. OK. And BND again is a government. It's the German Federal Intelligence Service, kind of like an NSA. So they can sue the NSA type. Interesting. Yeah, you can see the NSA in the U.S., too. Yeah, you can sue anybody whether you can succeed. I was like, I mean, people say, can you get sued for that? Absolutely. Whatever it was you just said, you can. Absolutely. All right. Well, on a lighter note, Microsoft Swift Key announced a major overhaul to its predictive mobile keyboard, which will now offer suggestions based on artificial neural networking. The company claims this will allow better predictive suggestions as it considers the meaning of words, not just word order.  The update is available for Android users in the U.S. and the U.K. Now you brought up an interesting point about this, which is the on device processing of this is a big advantage for some people. Yeah, I used to work for a defense contractor and we were allowed to use anything that ever talked to the cloud. So one of the things that was cool about Android was you could do language translation on device. But if you used an iPhone, it had to go up to the server. Well, this is the same thing. If you've got something that's doing predictive text that's going up to the cloud and you work for a defense contractor, at least the company I worked for that you would never be allowed to use it. So having predictive text that is using neural networking locally, I mean, just realize what that sense is saying. These these computers in our pockets are doing neural networking in our pocket. I mean, it's just they are really supercomputers. Explode. Yeah, yeah, I'm going to talk about that in a second. But yeah, no, I love that idea of if I have no connection, I can still type and get the same benefit from SwiftKey that I would get if I were connected.  Yeah. And also, I mean, it probably doesn't use that much data, but it is nice to think like, hey, this isn't adding to my data connection if I have a data cap. So that's that's a benefit of it too. Just one less cognitive load item. I really like it when I try to use Siri to call a phone number on my phone and it says sorry, I don't have an internet connection. Yes, right there. Right. Because a lot of times you don't have data, but you do have phone service. You can send text messages and make phone calls. And yeah, that is a bad user. No idea. Thanks to all those who participate in our subreddit. You can submit stories and vote on them at dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. So yesterday, Thursday, we mentioned this briefly in the show, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission announced a formal recall of the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 recommending users stop using the Note 7, which Samsung had already recommended. Any of the Note 7's purchased before September 15th.  Well, you got to wait for it to ship. You can get a refund or you can get a new replacement device so you can opt to choose a different Samsung phone in replacement. CPSC also reports that Samsung received reports of 92 instances of batteries overheating, 26 reports of burns and 55 instances of property damage in the United States alone. This is well over the occasional like, hey, I heard about a battery exploding and it's one incidence. These are quite a few. According to Samsung, Replacement Note 7s will start arriving at US Retail outlets on September 21st. Recode reports as of Thursday evening, only about 130,000 Note 7 devices had been returned so far. That's less than 15 percent sold. It's not shocking to me when it was unclear exactly how you could get what you could get. And at the time, if you went to one carrier, you'd get a different answer than if you went to another. Samsung also facing criticism for a slow response to formalizing recalls in China. Customers and retailers were angry in China when that country was not mentioned in the original recall announcement on September 2nd. Samsung says that's because most of the Note 7s sold in China did not have the defective battery. They say only 1,858 Note 7s in China had the faulty battery and not all of the Note 7s sold needed to be recalled because of that. But again, a lot of confusion about that because even here, it's like, well, which Note 7 do I have? How do I tell? And that's the least of it because Allison, you brought up the point that a lot of people out there and we read your email about it yesterday just know it's a Samsung thing. They don't necessarily know the Note 7. Yeah, I started thinking about this along the lines of what do muggles or normal people think about this and what are their connections? And so I did an incredibly scientific study by tweeting out and hitting on Facebook about an hour ago to see what asking people asked your friends, what is their reaction to this? Or what do they know? Just ask them, did you hear about this phone exploding? Which one was it or catching on fire? What's shocking to me from my incredibly scientific set of 12 data points is how many people responded? What are you talking about? Hey, they didn't even know about it, which says that this 15 percent have been returned thing. Good news for Samsung. Yeah, yeah, there you go. And then then the next biggest answer was something like I'm pretty sure it was Android. It was the one with the pencil with it. I know it's Samsung, but I don't remember. I don't know which one. A whole lot of answers like that. Very few knew that it was the the actual Samsung Galaxy Note 7. And so let's let's take muggles don't know which one as a pretty good. If they even know they don't know which one. Now the muggle is the flight attendant who's telling you whether you can use that phone or not. Hey, you got a Samsung Galaxy S7. Don't you know you're not allowed to have those on the plane? You know, you're going to start to get a lot of people who are without knowledge going to damn the entire product line from Samsung. And I'm afraid this is going to get even worse for them over time.  Right. You knew it was the Pinto probably before you were born. But Oh, unsafe at any speed, I remember. Oh, there you go. Ralph Nader. Right. Yeah. I think the salvation of Samsung will be in that point that I made a joke about that people said, well, I didn't even hear anything about this, because from our tech loving perspective, and I assume people who listen to the show or people who are at least interested in tech, we see the fact that local news, local radio is talking about this as a big deal, like, wow, they don't usually talk about the same things that we're concerned with. And so it must be huge. And I ran into someone who had heard about this who normally doesn't follow technology. So it is definitely over indexing. But at the same time, you have the unsettling fact that most people aren't paying attention to the news. Most people aren't keeping up on everything or don't even watch or listen to local news on television or radio and therefore are unaware of this. Now, hopefully they're not Note 7 owners because that is a dangerous situation, right? But that may be Samsung salvation, which is this is going to be bad. They're going to be jokes about Samsung among those in the know occasionally. But the fact that many people out there have a Samsung phone, they have a Galaxy S7 or they have a Galaxy Core, one of the bargain brands, and it didn't explode and they didn't hear about this, that down the line, people will say, well, I have a Samsung phone. I never had any problem with it. And that that will be their greatest hope in eventually recovering from this is ignorance. To me, it's just shocking that there are people who don't know because I mean, since we're old, we watched the news on television like our parents taught us. And it's just on the news all the time. I mean, it is constant barrage of information about it. So I don't I, to me, it's just mind blowing that there's people who don't know about it. But the ratings of TV news that will save Samsung. Well, they could come out with a Samsung anything eight. Right. If they could just come out with an eight really quick, just call it eight. That might help. Well, and you know what they may be that not coming out with it quick, but but knowing that the S eight is going to be coming out in the spring could be part of their recovery plan. Like, you know, it will just move on. We'll have new numbers. I think there is a serious question of whether they should continue to use the note brand. But again, it's that balance of well, how many people really identify this with the note? Yeah, I think the note brand is fine. Yeah, because the people who are who are fans of the note, or even just like the note are seen to be willing to continue to have their faith in the product saying, Yeah, it was just a bad battery. We get it. Yeah. Yeah, I could see that. I'm also thinking about they've really got to come out with a way that these devices are marked on the device that tells you it's one of the good ones. From what I understand, they're talking about having a sticker on the box that has an S. Well, you can get some pictures in Australia that had a blue dot on on the and then there was a black square on the UPC code as well. But are you going to carry that with you when you get on a plane and my box has an S on it? It's OK. Yeah, I wonder I feel like that's that's an unwinnable situation because if you have the blue dot even on your device, if you run into a flight attendant who who mistakenly thinks that all Samsung's are a problem or doesn't understand that there are new notes versus old notes, you're not going to win that argument anyway. Yeah, that's true. I because because I and this is no disrespect. I have all the respect in the world to flight attendants. And because of that, I know that they have way more important things to do than to try to keep up on what marker makes a note seven. It is just much easier to say, you know what, note seven not allowed. That's just the way it's for me. But they could easily just say Samsung. And I was on a flight on Saturday where they made an announcement. If you have a Samsung Galaxy Note 7, please leave it off for the duration of the flight and do not charge it even if it's off. They were not going around checking. They were not looking at everyone's phone. They were basically saying, we're making this announcement and we are relying on you to obey it.  Right. And certainly right now, if I am a note seven owner, I do not want to risk the thing causing any kind of fire on a plane. Right. So there's a big incentive for you to follow that rule. I'm not saying every single person will follow it because people do crazy things. But those people might figure out how to charge it anyway by hiding it under their leg or something. So what are you going to do? I did see some people asking, well, what's the difference of whether it's in the cargo hold or in the cabin? And I think the difference of people need to understand is a fire you can see versus one you can't. Yeah, you want the one you can see possibly put out. Right. The other one, not so much. All right, let's get to our pick of the day. Mark J writes, I've been trying to clean up my digital horde. This included software from my days as an MIS major in the 1980s. With moving to Windows 10, I've been missing my Windows XP emulator from Windows 7. And in this particular case, I just needed a solid DOS option and I came across a DOS box. It works really well. All those old DOS programs loaded right up and I could be reminded why I had not run them in years. So if anyone needs a disk operating system emulator, a DOS emulator that works well in Windows 10, I can recommend DOS box DOS box dot com. And in fact, our producer Roger Chang saw this and said, I've got a solution for OS 10 users. Yeah, whoops, let me stop this. Yeah. Yes, sorry. If so, basically if you want DOS box, you want to be able to emulate MS DOS on OS 10, DOS box actually is available for OS 10, but you actually want to get DOS box and what makes DOS box so awesome. Let me just share this window real quick is that it has a GUI front end and that means you basically don't need to do all the command line stuff that you normally have to do in DOS box to get a game running. It is a DOS box twice. What about OS 10? I'm sorry. Boxer Boxer app.com got it. Boxer is the app that you want is that is essentially DOS box with the GUI front end for OS 10 users. The great thing is all we have to do is you see this little window that pops up. You just grab your disk image or if you get a disk ISO, you can just drop it in here. Boxer will figure out what to do with it, install it, give you the most prevalent options for sound cards, which is the big thing for a lot of DOS games. And once you're done, you can pretty much click and go. And with the great thing is once you're done, once you set up a profile for a specific game, you just have a basically a virtual library. You click on it and it launches the game. You don't need to go back, figure out any kind of arcane DOS commands. Great way to use old DOS programs in OS 10. And it's Boxer at Boxer Boxer app.com. And the best part is neither one of them explode. I love stuff like this. This is this is why the Internet is awesome. You know, because somebody figured this out and shared it with everybody else.  And I love it. We'll have links to those at our show notes at Daily Tech News Show dot com. Send us your picks feedback at Daily Tech News Show dot com. Quick email from Jason in New York said, yeah, viewing inappropriate content dominated the headlines as the reason they removed the browser from those link NYC kiosks. But he also wanted to point out that some people were setting up living rooms around the devices with street furniture, sometimes newspaper racks and monopolizing the terminals for hours at a time while watching perfectly innocuous YouTube videos. The kiosks currently have and will retain a Google Maps app as well as an app for accessing city services. And Jason says, well, I think removing the browser was with good intentions for the public good. I think this also opens the door for link NYC to maybe charge content providers to place their apps on the kiosks in the future. So it wasn't just the porn. It was also just dominating. But people with coaches and magazine. Yeah, turning it into a little living room. We got a lot of folks who wrote in with their responses about the decline of smart watches. Brian has a first gen Moto 360. He uses it to control music, especially when his phone is connected to the car by Bluetooth. And he thinks the slow adoption of watches has to do with price. He says, that's one of the reasons I haven't upgraded from the first gen. I spent a lot of money on this watch and I want to keep it as long as I can. Brett has been a pebble user for more than a year, loves the battery life, also uses it for volume control, just like Brian, but finds it the best notification tool around, especially when his phone is across the room or he's in a situation like a meeting where he can't take his phone out. He too says he'll only upgrade when his watch is at death's door. Brendan uses a pebble time and especially loves that notifications don't lead him into getting distracted by other apps as happens when he checks notifications on his phone. And finally, Harihu has a pebble time color, loves the battery life, the phone controls the notifications, but he points out the fitness tracking is a nice bonus that he didn't expect. He finds himself walking more places to get those extra steps. Well, I have lots of opinions on this, too, Tom. You old man not wearing a watch or young man not wearing a watch. I used to wear a watch. So yeah, I go back and forth. Yeah, I'm I'm a big fan of the Apple Watch and was of the Fitbit, both for fitness reasons. And one of the things I've been thinking about a lot is how people say things like, well, if you're a serious athlete, you know, you're going to use a Garmin. And it's like, OK, that's fine. That's fine. That's great that those people do that. But let me ask you, Tom, are you a runner? I am. Yeah, are you a runner? Well, maybe not. Maybe not, right? But I bet there's a lot more runners than there are or or the people who just like to go out for a little walk and try to get a little bit more fit and just do a few more things where the fitness stuff in the Apple Watch, especially with iOS 3 and iOS, I'm sorry, WatchOS 3 and iOS 10 is significantly easier to use. I did a post yesterday about that where I walk through all the things that are better and how much faster and easier and being able to share stuff with your friends, whether it's for smack talk or for encouragement, depending on who you are. It really, really works a lot better. The Apple Watch was real, you know, swipe, tap, push, hold, lift your left foot up kind of thing to get things to work. But I do also use it for I don't even bother looking in my purse to see if that's where my phone is. I swipe up and I go, ding, and oh, yep, must be in my purse. Why bother looking? I can I can hit the button faster and find out where it is. So many little things. You were out on your walk today and I tried to get in touch with you. And what I was sending you, which is the new iOS 10 things, didn't seem to be translating to the watch very well. Well, actually, they were. I could read what you wrote. OK, but I couldn't. I so I wear prescription sunglasses and polarized so that I can't see my watch. And I can't see things unless it's really bright. So I'm looking for display. OK, the brighter display on the new watch that's supposed to be delivered any minute now might help me with that. I don't know what to do about the polarization because if I take my sunglasses off, I can't see anything either. Yeah, my focal. So that's an issue. OK, yeah. But you saw a little Pac-Man sticker that I put on. Actually, I think I'd stopped watching you by then. I couldn't get it to work, you know, but I saw you I saw you write high. So that was that worked. Yeah. But yeah, no, that was just me not being able to see. Yeah, I agree. I think if you want an Apple watch or an Android watch, either one, those fitness things are a nice addition. And you don't have to be a serious fitness guru to want to take advantage of those. But to me, I honestly, just now while we were talking, I think the biggest reason I don't get a watch is I don't want to have to deal with one more device, one more device to look at, one more device to manage, one more device to charge. When I run, I actually use Nike Plus and Runkeeper at the same time because I have different sets of friends on the different apps and I just have my phone in my pocket. That's it. Yeah, I do know what you're talking about when all the OS updates came out this week. I realized it took me like three minutes to do each thing because I'd have to go, OK, let me move my phone over here, my watch over there. Wait, this is my first iPad, my second iPad. Wait, my laptop. Wait, I've had too many things, but that doesn't stop me from getting them all. I do think for me, fitness is the entire point of the watch. And I know a lot of people who, you know, we're always going to get around to getting fit who are getting fit now because of it. So it does work for a lot of people. Yeah, and that can be an Apple Watch. That could be a Fitbit. Sure, it can be anything. Just something like the pebble that our e-mailers were saying. It just kind of reminds them to get up and move around. So I like all of those as solutions for that. Yep. Well, if you want to see that post that Allison was talking about just a moment ago, you want to go to podfeet.com. That's where you can find her posts, her podcast. What else is going on over there? Well, we're continuing on with our Programming by Stealth series that Bart Buschatz has been taking us through. And because of him doing the Taming the Terminal Series and then Programming by Stealth, I wrote an app for them. What? You wrote an app? That's amazing. I used Automator. It's not like a real app or anything, but it is technically an app. It's written in Automator. It's got bash shell scripts in it that I wrote with my own little fingers and uses Homebrew. And I mean, it's super nerdy. And it was kind of one of my goals when I retired was to do this because the last time I programmed before this was in Fortran 5, a Fortran 4 with Watt 5 in 1978. Was it much different? It's almost exactly the same. It pretty much translates. Yeah, I'm not sure. You know, we get geeky out of it. Let's check in with Len Peralta and see what he has been drawing. It involves flames, Len. Yes, it does. You know, I kind of did a little bit of a different take on this. This being the release date of the iPhone 7, I kind of made that connection. It's the iPhone 7 and the Galaxy Note 7. A tale of two 7s here. So the image is of the two phones. One is delayed. One is recalled. And at the bottom, there's some features, quote, unquote, of the iPhone 7. I'll read them real quickly. The courageous emission of headphone jack in order to sell wildly expensive, easily lost wireless headphones is one of the features of the iPhone 7 and shows up two weeks late in some countries. And for the Note 7, doubles as a flare when stranded on Desert Island and or sitting in your living room and it doesn't care for China. So, no. So there you go. There you go. Two 7s, I love it. Tale of two 7s, yes. No matter which phone you don't like, you'll find some new ones for sure. Would you could take a look at at LenPeraltaStore.com. That's right. Go check it out. Subscribe to his Patreon and buy yourself a poster. Yes. Our email address is... Patreon.com. Sorry. No, that's fine. Our email address is feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. You can catch the show live Monday through Friday at 4.30 p.m. Eastern at alphageekradio.com and diamondclub.tv. And visit our website at dailytechnewshow.com back on Monday with Veronica Belmont. Talk to you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. Diamond Club hopes you have enjoyed this rover. I love the tale of two 7s. Yeah, it wasn't really kind of the main feel of the story. I mean, the iPhone 7 comes out today, obviously, and then the... It was just the two 7s, man. It was very interesting. Yeah, and it was sort of the theme of the show. In fact, can we just call the show a tale of two 7s? You are certainly welcome to do that. Boom. It's the leading title for the show. Oh, yay! I did something. Yay! Now, Allison, should that be seven spelled out, I would assume? Proper style, right? I think it'd be more regular seven. Numeric seven, I would think. That's not proper AP style, though. Oh, there you go. Well, actually, if you can get another number into the sentence, then they can both be. You just don't want to make some... Sevens, sevens. No, I think you're right, though. I think you have to use the numeral because that's the way it appears. Yeah, yeah. Do you keep a strung of white to your fingertips? Not on my fingertips, but there's a copy over there somewhere. And the AP style book is what I was raised on. Very different from Chicago manual style, however. So I get in arguments with copy editors from time to time because no serial comma. I remember when I was first working that a back when secretaries typed your letters for you, I wrote about by hand and they typed them for you.  So it was an MSC, NASTRAN model. Change it to A, MSC, NASTRAN model. Micros, yeah, yeah. And I told her no, and we got this huge fight about it. I'm not joking. This was in 1980 and I'm still pissed. I don't remember. I want to say Chicago manual of style says to do what she did. And I'm almost certain that AP style was to make the definite article modify the way you would pronounce the acronym. So if the acronym was pronounced like a word, you would go by that. If it was read serially, then you'd go by that. Yeah. I mean, because the whole purpose of the N is to break it up so you don't go, uh, M. Yeah. That's its purpose. But there's a theory in some style that even though you're writing the acronym, the reader should go to the effort of saying the actual thing because the acronym is like MR period.  Ah, but MSC stood for McNeil Schwendler Corporation and nobody would ever say that. And so every reader should say McNeil Schwendler Corporation to themselves when reading it. That's the theory. Which is ridiculous, isn't it? She was wrong. Yeah. I went to my boss about it because, oh, the thing that really made me mad was after I told her to change it, or I changed it, she changed it back before it went out. Ah, copy edit fights. Good times. It's horrible. What really starts to get you is when the copy editors start moving into content choices. Because they just think it sounds better. And then you're like, wait a minute, that's not copy, that's not even style. You're just, now you're just changing my sentence. Yeah, I've started having Steve edit my blog post. That's a good way for Merrell Bliss right there. I'm sure, yeah, that probably never causes any kind of argument or controversy.  Commas, I don't even know. I've never learned the proper use of commas. It's a blind spot for me. Oh, mine is semicolons. I use them as my text expander trigger because I don't know what to use them for other than that. They're like this key that never gets put. You can kind of safely avoid them. I don't think it's ever wrong not to use a semicolon. They're just a tool to be deployed. I always use it when I have a list, right? Or is it, you have a list of things? List of things to be commas. You can do it either way, yeah. No, like when you do a list, like all the things, like for example, things not to do on a vacay, I mean, I guess you can put it. Things not to do on a vacation semicolon is what I'm saying you do? Yeah. You don't have to do it. No, that would be a colon. That would be a colon. No, I was told in my freshman, or my freshman, it's eight, nine, ninth grade, that no, that wasn't the use for a colon. Like for example, if you're writing out, yeah. Semicolon is a punctuation mark that separates major sentence elements. A semicolon can be used between two closely related independent clauses provided they're not already joined by a coordinating conjunction. Oh, good. Grilled meal has an explanation. That ought to be good. Use a semicolon between items in a list or series if any of the items contain commas. Oh, well, that would be handy because I've always wondered what to do with those commas. So wait a minute, was I wrong or right? Well, there's a case where it's wrong. Yes. I need closure, Tom. There is no closure. That's the gross language. The oatmeal says the common way to use a semicolon is to connect two independent clauses. For example, the ice cream truck man drove by my house today. He had big hairy knuckles. You can also just do the full stop.  You take it so many ways. And what's great is I didn't say anything lewd, it's just people's minds go there. By the way, you want closure? SP Sheridan is weighing in in the chat room saying use a colon to proceed a listing of items in a sentence. Ah, I see there. Bring so many different things full circle. Oh, so here it is. You do a semicolon to introduce the list. And then if the things in the list have commas, you get to use semicolons between them. There, everybody wins. I think you can use either a colon or a semicolon. Because, and really you shouldn't ask me, I have no idea. I'm horrible at all of that. My friend who's a copy editor and has done a bunch of my books just is like, can I just do the commas in your book first and then accept all those changes? Because you're never right. Yeah, exactly. I'm like, yeah, there's no need to torture both of us. See, I think it's okay if you do these kind of arguments just in fun with your family, like Steve and I nagging at each other, but we extend it off to other people.   Bear. Tom, are you cheating on me with Runkeeper? I'm not cheating on you. I'm providing my friends on Runkeeper with the similar stats. Oh, okay. All right, all right. But just having seen you on the Nike Run app. No, I haven't been on the Nike Run app because I was out of town. But yesterday, you should have seen me on the Nike Run app. Yeah, maybe I wasn't checking. I was just giving you a heart attack. How come I can't see you on the sharing app inactivity on the watch? I don't have a watch. Oh, I'm sorry. I thought that's what you were writing to me from. You were doing it from behind the time. Oh, okay. Messaging stuff. Ah, okay. Never mind. That's why. I'd explain to that. I need that email address to my contact information. My son is here. I'm going to go say hi to him. All right, tell him we all said hi too. I will. Well, I don't know. Roger, did you say hi? Okay. I said hi. I said hi. Okay. It's an unspoken hi for me. It's like a silent K. Like I've never met him. How do you punctuate that? All right. Goodbye, guys. I'll see you later. The semi-coma. Semi-coma. Wow. I am leading the month, man. Oh, yeah. No, I didn't. I should have turned it on when I was walking all over the place on vacation, but I didn't do any actual running. Well, yeah, that's tough to do. It's sort of, you know, it's sort of I'm doing walking and running. Well, yeah, I would walk like 10 kilometers in a day. And then I was like, I'm not going running now. And my legs are dead. I was walking up these like staircases everywhere. Every temple had a huge staircase. You had to walk up at some point. Yeah, they just put elevators in there, man. If it was in the US, they totally would. Yeah, they probably would. They had elevators in the train stations and stuff, but not at the temples. Please. Did you know they were making a blue thunder remake? No, I did not. That's like, and they're going to make it with a drone and they're not going to have, it's like, I guess they're taking, I don't know. Everything I've read so far has been very disappointed in the concept. Roy Scheider has got to make a little cameo on that thing. No, is he dead? He has to wait. Yes. They should be able to bring some kind of thing. Yeah, they should be able to bring him back. They can do that stuff with Brad Pitt in... See, this is the thing. It's one of those movies that was great for its time. But I don't know if you can take that movie and update it without just making a completely new, different movie that just shares the title. I just, I don't know. Like you can make a version of Buche Cassidy and Sundance Kid, but in space, but you wouldn't call it that, right? You would call it something else. Or like the Magnificent Seven, when it was remade by Roger Corman as Battle Beyond the Stars. Right. You know, it's essentially the same movie, but he didn't say, I'm just going to call it Magnificent Seven in space. When they did Hidden Fortress in space and they called it Star Wars. Yeah. Oh, yes, yes. And they replaced Hidden with Star and Fortress with Wars. Wars, yeah. All righty, guys. Whose dog is that? That's my dog. You have a dog, too? Man, you got a full house. No, actually, it's not that full anymore. People are leaving. Less full house. Yes. Hey, but the big news this week, of course, I don't know if you saw it. My son got engaged. Ah, congratulations. I didn't see that. That's awesome. Yes, he got engaged. We knew about it last week. He called, he was calling both Nora and I and then I was like, this could either be really bad news or really good news. So I texted him like, what's going on? Why'd you call? He's like, I got some news. I said, bad news or good news? So it's good news. So at first I thought he was going to say that he bought like, you know, he was, because he started his sentence with, I am in possession of like, and I thought he was going to say like a guitar or something or a musical instrument because he's a guitarist. But he said, an engagement ring. I'm like, oh, very interesting. I'm in possession of stolen property. I don't know what to do. You're right. I got arrested for possession. I'm in possession of illegal substance. And I need you to bail me out. But it's pretty, it's pretty exciting. It's crazy. Did you, am I making it up or did you have like a suspicion that that?   I didn't know it was going to happen this soon. And then he took Nora and I out this summer and said, this is what he wanted to do. And then, and then he bought, I'm surprised he bought the ring. I'm like, wow, okay. Do you mind me asking how long they've been together? They've been together for three years. So they've been dating for three years.  But they don't know what they're doing for grad school, but they, they, so it's like, he may go somewhere else and she may go somewhere and they just kind of want to be like. Alone? No, not alone, but they just want to make sure that like when they, when they circle back that everything is, you know, that, you know, I don't know. Nothing's up in the air. Yeah. Yeah. They want to know. Sounds like a movie script. It's pretty amazing. She's a really great girl. We're really excited. And then, you know, they have her as a daughter-in-law eventually. So it's very exciting. Yeah. My sister-in-law, Eileen's sister, that she didn't get engaged before it, but she was with the guy who's now her husband and she went to San Jose State. He went to Santa Barbara and I was always, I wasn't like being pessimistic, but I was like, wow, that's going to be a real test of the relationship. Like if I could live through that many years, it's separated like that. Cause I think he's a year younger than her. So it was like five years that they were in different places. And it did totally, totally stay together. Oh, I can't see them being with anyone else. I mean, I guess I can't really say that definitively, but you know, they're really, really well. They're very compatible. They're very, very good for one another. And I happen to think that, you know, that they may end up going to school together again. You know what I mean?   So I guess we'll, I guess we'll see. It's, but that was the, that was the first big step. So I was very excited. If it's meant to be, it'll totally work out. Yeah, absolutely, absolutely. But I hope it does cause she's really, she's a great person. So we're excited to have her. Oh, that's, that's, that's fantastic news. Congratulations. Awesome. My youngest son was really sad. Oh. The four, four year old, because either there's two things, either, he had a crush on his brother's girlfriend. Oh, okay. Because he's four years old, that's cute. Yes, exactly. That's where you can kind of get away with that. You can kind of get away with that. Otherwise we'll talk about like reality shows well, he's four years old.  Like he didn't want anybody else living here or something. I don't know. He got very upset. Like, I don't, I don't want, I don't want another sister. I don't want another, I don't know. No change. Yes. He's very, so anyhow. Well, we'll have to catch up on your, on your trip. Yeah, I, I was talking earlier the week a little bit about it, but I got to go to the, the DMZ and the border. Ooh, really? Yeah. Technically was standing in North Korea for a couple of minutes. Ooh, oh, that's kind of scary. Yeah, it was, it was very interesting. I mean, you're, you're, it's in the joint security areas, meeting places that are like straddle the border between the two countries. Yeah. So you're allowed to go into one of those buildings. Okay. So when you go to the other side of the building, you're technically on the other side of the border. Sure. So it's, it's not like, if you would have walked another 30 feet, they would have been like, it's not like you just kind of walk over and they can capture you or something. Yeah. That happened on a reality show, I remember. They were driving and they took a wrong turn and they ended up in North Korea DMZ. It's like, how do you get out of it? I can tell you, that's really, that would be really hard to do. There's a lot of barbed wire. Just along like highways that lead up to the DMZ. So that's crazy. Wow. Wow. I'm going to kick off. Oh, and for everybody who's on the video or I'm creating a brand new comic, it's a very personal comic. So what better way than to take it to social media and share it with everybody. But I'm actually, it's the process of creating the, I'm taking you through the whole process of creating it from start to finish. So I'm at Pencils, I'm midway through right now. And you can watch it on my Snapchat story or on Instagram story. And I'm Len Peralta on both of those. I've been watching it on Snapchat actually. And it's really fun to see the different frames and your commentary and everything, it's cool. Yeah, it's obviously, it's kind of hard to figure out what's going on, but that's sort of the interesting part about it. I had never seen anybody create something like that on Snapchat story before. Yeah, me either. It's really cool to watch. So yeah, I want to see too much because I want to actually enjoy the story when you're done with it. So I feel like you're straddling that line pretty good of like showing me things where I'm like, oh, that's Wil Wheaton or whatever, right? But not actually giving me any too much of a clue of what's happening. Yeah, it'll be interesting. I definitely am going to do the whole Pencil thing. I'm going to do the inking and the coloring, but I don't know if I'm going to end up doing words. Maybe I'll share a couple of that, but you know, it's about a vague phrases or something. Yeah, maybe, maybe it's, I'm still, but the other thing too, I'm still rewriting and writing things as I'm going. I'm like, that doesn't feel right. So it's sort of like a work in progress, literally as it goes on, but I hadn't seen anybody use those platforms for that. Yeah, yeah, no, that's cool. So it's very, very cool. All right, cool. All right, have a good weekend, everybody. Thanks, you too, Len. Take care, bye. Bye, everybody.


I would just add that it's also important that we're setting up our spectrum policy to use spectrum efficiently and in a timely manner. So setting build-out requirements so that rural areas are not left behind, yes, sometimes they can be deprioritized because of the lack of concentration of population. So setting these sorts of standards and if spectrum is not used or the build-out is not done, then that spectrum can be shared or partitioned and given to others. We've seen some of this at the FCC recently with their recent ECIP decision. So making sure that we have those sorts of rules to make sure that the broadband, whether it's wired or wireless, is rolled out in a quick manner and folks aren't left behind I think is important. Thank you. Thank you all.


Hello, this is Hans van der Klaas, Senior Lecturer at ITG Delft Institute for Water Education. In this video I am going to demonstrate how to use hydrological tools from PC Raster in QGIS. Just a few, I will not cover all of them. I will start with this downloaded SRTM digital elevation model, which has been projected, but it is in TIFF format, in GeoTIFF, and I am going to convert it to the PC Raster format. The output data type is scalar, because these are continuous values, and I call the output DEM, and make sure it has the extension dot map, so we can recognize it. Let's remove the TIFF file, not to get confused, because we will further work with the map file. Most of these hydrological tools use the local drain direction, which is a flow direction map. We can create it using the LDD create tool, which has many parameters. Let me show you the documentation for the explanation of these parameters. Meanwhile, it can run the tool that takes a little bit. It is basically combining the fill sinks algorithm to generate the flow direction. The flow direction is then the result, with the encoding based on the numeric path of your keyboard. These are the different parameters with which you can control the filling, and here you see some examples of the calculation. If you just want to fill it completely, you use very high values, like I do with the default here in the tool. When it's done, you will see this result, and it has, for each pixel, the flow direction encoded in the values of the numeric path of your keyboard. Which means 8 is north, 2 is south, etc. With LDD create DEM, you can make a corrected DEM, which is normally the result of the fill sinks algorithm. There are other tools, like LDD distance, where you can calculate distance, based on the flow direction, instead of Euclidean distance. But let's try some other tools. I'm going to calculate the stream order, which is the strahler order, and the input is the drain direction, and I define the output, the file name strahler, calculated. And there you see the result, you can style it. Here I use single-demp pseudo-color, but it's better to use palleted unique values, because this is an ordinal result. Now, I also want to calculate catchments, and I use the pit tool for that. The input is the local drain direction, and the output are the depressions that it finds in the elevation model, in the hydrologically corrected elevation model, based on the LDD result. These are these points, and we can assume that these are outlets of catchments. These points are also an ordinal scale, they have a unique number, and I can then use the catchment tool, use the LDD as an input, and the outlets that I have calculated from the pits tool as an input, and then I can calculate the catchments. I run the tool, and here the result is a nominal map with a unique value for each catchment that drains into those pits. You can also accumulate the flow with the aquiflux operation, LDD is the input, but it needs a material layer, and I just want to set the material to a value of 1 for all cells. So I use the spatial tool to convert a value into a map which has that value for each cell. So I'm going to use a value of 1, and I want the scalar output. I use a mask there, the catchments, then I give an output name which is 1s, so I have a map with only value 1 in it, in scalar, data type, then I can go back to the aquiflux tool, I can use the LDD, and I use the 1s, so it will accumulate a value of 1 that is put on the catchment, or on the DEM, and then following the flow direction it will accumulate the values. So basically it gives us how many cells drain into a certain point, and here we see the result with of course the largest accumulation in the river, and you can determine the river from there. Another nice tool is the path tool. It needs the LDD and it needs a point raster, and then we can calculate the path of that point to the outlet. And I can define a point here, make sure you are in a pen tool, if you click right then you can copy the coordinate of that point, and you can paste it in notepad, and give it an ID number, I call it 1, I call it location, and then I can use the column file to PC raster map tool, and I use this location text file, and I use a mask, LDD, and I need it as a boolean, so I declare it here as a boolean, and I can save it to a map file, click run, and let's style it here, boolean 1, but it has missing values for all the other pixels in the area, and I need zeros, so I'm going to use the cover tool, but the cover tool then needs another layer with zeros, so I'm first going to make a layer with zeros, spatial, zero, and it needs to be boolean, because our map needs to be boolean, and I call this zeros boolean, and then I can use the cover tool, and then I can use as an input the location layer, and then I cover all the missing values with the zeros, from zeros boolean, and I save it then to the name location boolean, which will have zeros and ones, the existing ones, and the added zeros, and here we see that it has zeros and ones, the only pixel with a one is very small, so we can't really see it, so it would be good to use the spread max zone tool for that to make it a bit visible, but then I need another zeros, because it needs the zeros as a scalar, and not as a boolean, otherwise it wouldn't work, so I use here as the points locations boolean, the initial friction is zero scalar, and the friction layer are the ones, which are also scalar, and then let's try a value and see if it becomes visible, let's use 500 to start with, doesn't look like I can see it, and you need to make it a bit bigger, so make sure that all the inputs are correctly chosen, and I use now a maximum distance of a kilometer, and now I can see the point, which was otherwise not so visible only when we zoom in, you can see it somewhere, and what I'm going to do now is to use the path tool from this point to the outlet to find its path to the outlet, so use an LDD, and then the location boolean, and I call the output path to outlet, and run it, and there we see it, let's change the styling a bit, it's boolean so I use pelleted unique values, I remove the zeros, and then I can combine it with the DEM, and then I can see the path over the landscape, so all water from that point will go to the outlet via this path, so all these tools can also be used in the graphical modular and combined with other QGIS tools, so this was just a quick demo to show you what you can do with the hydrological tools from PC Raster in QGIS.