Yo, and welcome to this presentation about reproducible builds. I think this will take 20 or something at this point. We're going to talk a little bit about what reproducible builds are, what Arch has been doing in the past year, in terms of reproducible builds, how it works, and how you can contribute. So I'm Morten Lindru, I also go by the nickname of FoxBoron on the internet, work as a security engineer, as my day job, and I've been sort of contributing to the Arch Linux distribution since 2017. I'm a trusted user and I do a lot of package maintaining, such as a co-compiler, I3Gaps, DVM, a lot of the container ecosystem, in terms of Podman, Container, LXT, all like I also contribute to the security team doing CVs, security tracking, publishing advisories, and most importantly, I do reproducible builds. So we're going to sort of work through how the supply chain in Arch Linux works, how we do package building, how reproducible builds are, and how it's sort of organized. We'll take a look at the current tooling we have for users, which we have been working on the past year, and then we'll talk a little bit how rebuilding works, and then lastly about how we can contribute. I'll also try to do some live demos, so you see how that goes. So the supply chain of Arch is essentially how we take the pristine upstream code and deliver it to point B, which is the users. And generally how we do that is that we track down the project repositories for the different projects. We do the integrity checks, which is the checksums, make sure nothing is corrupted during download. And then we take the signatures to have authenticated releases. We know that someone did actually authenticate the release, there was nothing in between doing that. Next up, there's the building part. Some people use build servers. Some people use the local machines using the tooling we provide. And then lastly, there's the signature step, which some people don't know the ArchVice or the laptop. Some people have done everything on the laptop, and some people do GPG forwarding. Once the packages has been built, we upload them to Gemini, which is our tier zero mirror, and it's then distributed to tier one and the tier two mirrors, which then allows you to download packages. And this is sort of like the few steps from point A to point B. It's not a singular step, it's a few more different variables. But we generally build everything in clean fruits to have everything isolated from the main systems. That ensures we don't have dependencies which pollute the build. We don't have environment variables that affects the build, so on. So in theory, nothing should affect the build. Nothing should change it, so to speak. So what are we trying to do? So currently, I have built Pacman, the last release we did. And this is essentially the last release that Alan did in July, releasing Pacman 5.2.2, and we have so far already built it. So what we're going to do is that we're just going to go ahead and build it a second time. In theory, it's all isolated from the rest of the system. There's nothing that should affect the build, right? There's no external dependencies or no environment variables. Let's take a look at how this goes. It's not running through the tests of Pacman. I've done this a few times now. It shouldn't fail, which would be very hilarious. Now we're doing the packaging step. We take all the main pages and the locals and stuff, and we compress it into a package. Now we have some sanity checking tools on top. So in theory, nothing should be affecting the build, nothing should become between it, but still we see two different checksums. So this is a bit strange what's the reason for this change. And if you use DepoScope, which is essentially a tool that's created to check differences in tarballs, binary files, and stuff, you quickly see that man pages have embedded timestamps, which changes the MD5 and the SHA256 digests. You also see that the directory inside a package has different times. So we're not completely isolated from the rest of the environment. So what Reproducer builds are is essentially how we can ensure that the source code we take and the binary artifacts we provide, there's a verifiable path, which nothing actually goes in and change. So this was started in Debian in 2014. It's currently headed by Holger Levson, which contributes to Debian. And there's currently quite a lot of stakeholders these days. Debian, OpenSUSE, NixOS, Geeks, OpenVRT, and Arch Linux, of course, and a few other projects as well. So Reproducer builds provides monthly reports, which provides sort of details the progress that's been doing the past month. On the Arch team we have Anthrax, KPC, YRD, Allen, and many, many other people that contributes to the project on the Arch side of things. And generally, there are a few people that have been doing this for the past year. It started with Anthrax in 2007, no, 2005, 2016, I think. And later on, there's been more and more contributors from Arch, which has been invested in this. There's been several summits since 2015, which has been going on in different places. Arch has been represented in all of them, I think. There's a GIF from the one that was held in Marrakech in 2019. Southerner won't be any summits this year, but it's a productive thing where a bunch of people from different projects, different distributions discuss and try to hack on different issues within the Reproducer builds space. So the main goal is again to trust the packages, but also be able to verify the work they're doing, not just blindly look at me and say, yeah, I trust you package I3 gaps with this version using this source code, but you essentially have no way to verify. So what you do, you take my word for it, you should probably be able to check it yourself. So Reproducer builds project defines the source state epoch, which is essentially an environment variable that allows you to specify the timestamp of the build, which then can trickle down into the build system and make sure that sort of things that we saw earlier doesn't happen, that you always have the same timestamp on the directories that get created. Now we also have the build and for file, and that's sort of a build of materials. It's supposed to denote all of the different things that go into the build. Here you see the building for file that's used in Pacman. So it denotes the package names, package versions, the package architectures, the checksum of the package build, and the build date, build directory, and then all of the dependencies. This format is described in the main page, the build info, and I really encourage you to go check it out. So to provide user tooling, you have to sort of read this file to have a recreatable environment. So we use the build date, the build directory, all the installed packages, which compression was used. Most packages use C standard, but there's still some left that use Xset. You also have to take the Packager environment variable. And there's currently two tools that allow us to utilize the building for file. It's Arch Linux Repro, which is a tool that's more of not only intended to be run on Arch, but also on other distributions. And then it's also supposed to abstract a little bit away from the nitty gritty details of how to fetch the package build files, how to retrieve the source files. And then you have make Repro package, which is provided by DevTools. It's more of a developer-friendly tool, which does not abstract away that many details, but it's sort of easier to use in a development setting. So we have two different package files. So what we are going to do is that we're going to run, yes. So we're going to go ahead and run Repro on the first package that we used. So that's going to be building a second time. So here we are sort of reading the build file, fetching a bunch of packages from our package archive, which is matched to the building for installed values in the file. We'll do a little bit of a dance to ensure that the environment is consistent, which involves installing packages two times, essentially once with just new packages and then reinstalling all the packages to make sure we have a consistent environment. And then we're going to go ahead and build Pac-Man. So now we're soon done setting up the environment. Now we're downloading Pac-Man. I'm also in this version not running the tests because in Pac-Man, though, they do not affect the build, they shouldn't really affect the build, but sometimes they do. That's not the case in Pac-Man and in most packages, really. So it sort of shortens down the build time. So now we're done with packaging up all the man pages, cleaning up ourself. And then it reports us as reproducible, but we can just quickly compare them. I mean, now we see that both of those packages has been reproduced. It's identical. There's no differences in the file. And sort of that's the intention of the tooling. So we have sort of been rebuilding packages for a while. It's called the CI system. It's hosted by reproduciblebuilds.org. It's been going for soon in two, three years now. But it's called the CI because it doesn't actually take the distributed packages and then tries to find upstream bugs, doesn't try to find flaws in the distributed ones. It only takes checks out the source files, compiles it two times in different environment settings to sort of toss out in the bugs in upstream. So it's more of a theoretical value than a practical one. What we did, however, we get this year was rebuilder from KeepCYRD. And it's sort of a distributed CI system, which uses RepRow and then archive packages, which are the ones we are distributing currently. It has three nodes currently, which runs on our infrastructure and currently runs one of them runs on the abandoned Josephine. So this isn't only checking out the source files, it's also testing out the actual distributed packages. So the comparison on those two is that the CI has the 3% reproducible packages, extra has 85% and community has 77%. That's the graph which is published and you see it's sort of filled a bit in the summer and then we fixed it up sort of recently and it's been checking away nicely. The rebuilder setup power has slightly better results overall. That's because we are not taking the sort of changing values, which we normally do not change at all. So core is at 94.4%, extra is at 90% and community at 78.6%. And this is actual reproducible packages today. And that's sort of nice. We're not completely 100%, it will take a while before we are at 100%, but we're sort of getting very close. So that's fun. So we'll take a look at how to actually reduce packages. So I have a package. So sort of one of the important packages in Arch Linux is the key ring, which contains all of the package signing keys from Arch. So actually I can show. So this is the key ring. So this is the key ring I have installed. I'm fetching it from my package cache. So we'll actually just go ahead and reproduce this package. So again, we're now doing the same dance with the last time. We've been getting all the packages, recreating the environment and then actually taking a distributed package and going to reproduce it identical. It has a few less dependencies than Pac-Man. So it's not easier, but it's faster to reproduce than what Pac-Man does. Now we're doing the second dance again. Then we're heading over to the building part of Repro. Fetching the sources. Now we've already built it, cleaning up after ourselves. And you see it's reproducible. So we're just going to quickly do right now. So we have that package and then we have two, five, six some. Yes, it's not understood. And you see that now we have the same checksum. So we have now actually reproduced an actual package that Arch distributes. So what's the currently reproducible package? So we care a lot about core because it's sort of the central packages. And it should sort of have a high standard and stuff. And there's a few packages. Mostly Linux kernel is not reproducible because of different issues we'll get into. I think we're trying to reproduce GCC as in recording this talk now. And there's still like a few packages with different issues. The problem is that they're complicated. Sort of legacy build systems that's hard to navigate. So there's quite a lot of effort left. You should be noted that the tooling that you see here is still experimental. Things can change. We can encounter new issues in Pac-Man, in Repro, in the CI or the rebuild step. So if something turns and reproducible tomorrow, it doesn't necessarily mean that something bad has happened. We have issues with like the private keys generation in Linux, where we generate a set of keys to sign modules. But these keys are sort of uniquely created for each package. And that implies that the package, by default, is not reproducible. That's more of a package issue, more so than a upstream issue. It's more how you separate them. You also have things like the path being embedded multiple times, depending how you source the files. And that was a reason by that we also discovered that most of the Haskell packages are reproducible. This has been fixed recently. So if you see the app and path problem that some people have has been having, that's served the same issues. We also have the pattern hash seed, which is essentially a problem where we generate a bytecode from the Python compiler. It's not deterministic. So it will try and randomize the keys and dictionaries and object tables and all of those stuff. And it makes packages for us reproducible. In WN, they're separated out and then generated at installation. But we sort of bundle all of that together. And there's still general packaging issues in Arch. But there's still a few issues which are not related to Arch. So sort of a common thing that packages does is to get patches. And one of the few ways you can get patches is to just find an upstream repository, find a commit hash, and just add path at the end of the URL. That will give you a nice, de-formatted path patch out of it. The problem is that we recently discovered, or we sort of discovered that in GitLab, these patches are not reproducible. Because I'm not sure if you actually see the issue in the patch, but the Git version is actually embedded in the patch there. That means that whenever GitLab, like the main GitLab servers, update their Git version, the patch will have a checksum that changes accordingly. That's sort of one way it's a reproducibility issue to its problem where integrity checks fail over time. So that was fixed by a few helpful people in the Arch Linux reproducible channel. And currently, this is not an issue on the live servers. But it's still a demonstration how there's not only packaging issues, but also upstream issues that can affect the build. So ways to contribute to reproducible builds is to find your favorite software, try to reproduce it. It doesn't reproduce and try to figure out the flaws. Reproduciblebuilds.org has a lot of documentation, comments, and information that you can use to sort of figure out how to solve these issues. You can also sort of work your way through packages. So I built this package earlier today. So what we're going to do is we're going to reproduce it. Let's release. Yes. So what this does is that it reads the package build file in the current directory. It runs typical scope. And then we take the package in the current directory. So what you should do now is that you should just try to produce it with the files we have checked out. And then we're just going to try to see if we have a similar package from the one we built earlier today. So again, we're setting up the environment, reinstalling the packages twice. Now we're doing the build. So what we're hopefully going to see is that the package is not reproducible. And what the changes we're actually going to see is that the GCb compressed man page has a timestamp embedded into it, which again changes the checksum of the man page and then gives us a different result. So in this case, I've actually made the package reproducible. It has been fixed. So I conveniently removed the make man page reproducible patch. So if you take a look at this patch, we see that it appends the dash n switch to gzip, which makes the package man page reproducible. And then we also make sure that the summon by the timestamp in help to man is also adhering to source state epoch. And with all of these changes, we'll now just create a package from scratch. That doesn't take a lot of time. And then we rerun the same command we used earlier. Now we also see that there are some, quickly, some package updates. Now we're, again, reproducing the package. So now we're installing all the packages again to make consistent environment, deleting the snapshot clean up after ourself. And the package is reproducible. So we can also approve that by running lsp release that package and then the build package. And it's the same checksum. And that's sort of how you go about making arch packages reproducible and sort of help. So if you're interested in these things, you have the arched instance reproducible on FreeNode and you also have the reproducible build channel at the OFTC. We're soon starting weekly meetings again. And then you can hear about the progress that's being made in the project and in all of the other stakeholder projects. This was my presentation. You can find me on almost any RSC network. As Foxparon, I have a web page and a blog. I'm on GitHub, of course, and I also have Twitter. If you have questions about this talk in the future or in general, you can send me an email or you can come to me on RSC. And I hope it was an interesting talk. Thank you. Awesome. Thanks for a fantastic talk, Fox. My name's Secret. I will be your question host. Yes. So the very first question is, why do man pages need a timestamp from last? So I think it's a legacy thing. And it's sort of nice to know when the man pages were built in terms of the package, but it's mostly legacy thing. And many, many built systems does not account for it. So it's a bit of annoyance, but it's a little bit handy, I think. OK. How are these two environments set up? What are you using to keep them isolated from each other and the host again from last? Yes. So when we build all our packages, everything is just system D and spawn, which just builds the container. And we just insert the base packages needed for building. And then you do the same make package dash as process that you're familiar with from AOR helpers and stuff. And then that's mostly it. So we sort of have a root container prepared with all the base packages, and then we clone it and do the package building in that one. So whenever you do multiple builds, they'll always be from the same root container. Yes. Right. Eval asks, how are you sure about clean environments, package dependencies, et cetera? So I sort of think that's part of the, if I understand it correctly, it's part of the DBScripts portion of uploading. So we can essentially go peak at the building for file. And you can just read the list of install packages. And you can easily spot when there's AOR packages in the install file, or if there's some of your own build packages, which slash git prefix, which is present in the building for file. And then you know that this is not the clean build and is possibly being polluted by some external stuff. OK, cool. Steamreg asks, how realistic is 100%, I guess, 100% reproducibility in core and extra? And what is the minimum percentage you're aiming for across all repos? So if you consider the fact that Linux, for instance, embeds sign in keys for modules, we can't have 100% reproducible core. We can, however, have all expected packages reproducible and then some packages that we expect are not reproducible, which means that if we fix the packaging of Linux, we can sort of split out the sign in keys and have Linux reproducible, and then one Linux split package, which is not going to be reproducible, but we sort of know that. So 100% probably not realistic, but we can then consider some blacklisted packages and then have rest of it reproducible to 100% theoretically. Right. And so there's no minimum percentage you're aiming for. It's just what? Well, we want 100%. You can achieve. Just for Linux packaging, really. Yeah, it's just a bit annoying, I think. Orhan asked, which terminal on the shell is this? So the terminal is termite, which is maintained by Llela. I'm Archdev, and it was written by David McKay, which was an arch Linux to you. And the shell is a seashell. And I just edited the prompt to make some sense for the demos. Yes. Yeah, stream-specific, that's it. The next question is from me. Secret, are there security implications in making packages reproducible, i.e. losing randomization and hash maps, things like that? So I think it depends a little bit, because the naive answer to this is probably yes. You will be losing a little bit of security because you sort of have to split out signing keys. You can't maybe have static signing keys and stuff. But I think, overall, the security you lose is not that important in contrast to the supply chain integrity that you gain from it. And if you have some block list packages or some package you don't expect to be reproducible, you can sort of get away with a lot of the averse reproducibility issues. In terms of the Python hash seed, that's originally done to prevent boss attacks on. Yeah, do you want me to read that? Because that's like a follow-up question. Oh, OK, I should. Yeah. KGZ asks, the reason for the Python hash seed being randomized by default was to prevent hash cli- hash cliz and denial of service attacks. Is there another mitigation for that, or was that a trade-off in favor of reproducible builds? So basically, it's actually kind of the same sphere, right? So I do not recall the justification of hand for the hash seed. I think this is mainly a problem for when it's a security implication that hash collision is a thing. But for most library packages and Python applications on Arch, I don't think that's going to be a huge issue. It's mostly on sort of your production-facing deploying builds where that might be a security implication. So I think there's a trade-off here between user packages and then production packages, essentially. OK, cool. Katjeffel asks, sorry, I forgot your name wrong. When the build fails, do you chug the rest of the beer? That would be a hilarious drinking game, but not currently. I think it's the other way around. When you chug the rest of the beer, the build fails. Oh, that's going to be a hard one. Ebal asks, do these patches make any sense to provide upstream? So we actually publish a lot of these patches upstream. Open SUSE with a Bernard Wilderman vitamin. I forget his last name. He does a lot of patching upstream to fix these issues. But it's sort of natural that these patches get applied to the build package first, and then we verify it works, and then we usually upstream all the patches. And that's sort of a recurring theme in a lot of arch packaging is to just repatch something, then we submit it upstream as well. So both of this hits upstream sooner or later. It has been, some of these has been given to upstream, but they might not have been pulled yet in the release. Can you give any examples of those that you have upstream? Oh, I have done probably 20, 30 patches upstream to go projects. A lot of the container ecosystem, podman, container, like a lot of those projects personally. But we have done gdlibc patches, Pacman has gotten patches and stuff, so it's quite a few, but I don't forget it. The reproducer builds monthly report actually has a list of all the patches that are submitted and fixed upstream. So you can actually keep tabs on how many patches land upstream and what is currently being worked on to get upstream. Awesome. Do you have any way to provide exceptions to reproducibility? For instance, when you don't want to patch out timestamps? We don't. We can probably blacklist packages in our rebuilder setup, but we currently don't have any formalized way of doing that currently. So by blacklist, you mean it won't even attempt to try to? Yeah, like our current rebuilder system uses three nodes, but none of them are super powerful. So if you try build TensorFlow, which takes 10 hours to build, that's that's simple and reasonable. So that package, for instance, is blocked from being rebuilt on our rebuilder system because it would just totally kill a few servers for a day or more to try to reproduce it. And you can sort of assume it's not reproducible. Cool. So that question was asked by A Boleman. I forgot to read the name. DVZRV David asks, comparing large container files, EG installation images using Difascope is currently an issue, crashes. How does this currently impact large packages, EG game data? So I think both the Linux documentation and the Linux package is hard to debug because Difascope does not like to produce a diff for them because there's a lot of both binary files that need a diff and there's a lot of different resources. So I think running Difascope on that takes quite a while and sometimes crashes. I think that's part of an optimization thing. I'm not sure how upstream it does about that. Hopefully getting fixed because it's a little bit huge issue on larger packages at least, but it works really well on small ones. Nice. KGZS, what's the end game for reproducible builds in Arch? If a package starts being reproducible, how can you block all new uploads that don't reproduce? So I think the end game is to have this integrated more deeply into the sort of package upload. So you actually, if it's not reproducible, it won't be published to users or at the very least you should decide to say you don't want the package. But considering a rolling release system, library updates, it's a bit hard. But I think the end goal is to try have reproducible builds or unreproducible packages imply that you can't upload the package, but we're attracting a long way away from that. I guess that also kind of introduces an issue with regards to receiving security updates. If a security update is needed for a package, doesn't it break reproducibility? You have to make the call for... That's a tough one. I'll let Antrax think about that one for a little while. Ramzi asks, are there any guards that prevent a reproducible package that could not be reproduced from it? Yeah, so that's I guess the same that could not be reproduced from entering the repo. I'll just read the question. Yeah, it's essentially the same thing. What happens if a previously reproducible package becomes unreproducible? Of course we want it to be a thing, but we're very far away from actually having this guard in place. It would be very fun to have it though, and I think it would be a big improvement on the current packaging and supply chain of arch. Stefan, OXC asks, or 0XC, a few packages in Arch Linux are not built from source, but just repackaged binaries from upstream. Do you think the packaging guidelines and change of reproducible builds become more important in the future, as Antrax has said? So that is a problem that we do it. I think we do it on some Java packages because alternative is extremely tedious. There's probably also some legacy packages that has been doing that for years and nobody has bothered to unpack it, but that's not necessarily a reproducible builds issue. It's a general packaging quality issue, and we do fix it. There are bug reports on several of them, and a lot of that should be fixed honestly, both in terms of reproducible builds and also for the general package quality of Arch packages. So there are some, hopefully we'll fix them. Please send patches. Patches welcome. Yes, patches welcome. There's a lot of Java stuff that's very tedious to get correctly. It's a bit bad. DonaMator asks, where can I see slash get updates on if packages I maintain are reproducible? We have an internal dashboard. I can't show you that one. I think Jelle can give you a link if he hasn't already done that, but there's an internal dashboard that on Arch Web for packages that enables you to see unreproducible packages. But currently it's only internal and the public can see it, so I'm showing it, but I can link you afterwards. Awesome. Sorry, I apologize if people can hear church bells in the background. And finally, this is the last question, you1106 asks, so if one of your dependencies or your source were polluted, how would you notice that? You build twice using the same polluted thing and they're perfect match. So I guess that's a question about generally having poisoned upstream packages. So if we go a bit academic on this one, so that's called a trusting trust attack and it's sort of, it's the one, Ken Richie, Ken Thompson, I think it's Ken Thompson. Fuck, I forgot the name. It's Ken Thompson. Yes, Ken Thompson. Trusting trust attack and it sort of devolves that how can you trust your compiler is actually outputting the correct binaries. And the question for that is that we can't. This is partially solved by diverse double compilation, which is sort of explained by David A. Wheeler's academic thesis. But this is more akin to the bootstrap ability issue of packaging and not that much of reproducibility. So we can't detect polluted dependencies, but we hopefully in the future after reproducible builds have some form of bootstrapable builds where we can bootstrap all of the dependencies and then also provide some confirmation on the package. That is being worked on, but it's admittedly a bit younger field than reproducible builds during Marrakesh in 2019. Using the MSC compiler we managed to reproduce GCC the same version across several distributions using different GCC compilers and we wound up with the same checksum. So that's a huge improvement on the ecosystem and I think it's a nice improvement on what you currently have. It's obviously just GCC, but if we can do that to GCC hopefully we can then install the compiler in other languages. But it's still being worked on and stuff. I don't think that GCC compiler was actually reproducible in Arch, but it was across Debian, Goix, MixOS and a few others. I don't quite remember the details. Awesome. That is the end of the question so I guess I'm going to ask one more. What got you interested in reproducible builds is the thing, how did you get dragged into all this box? All this accidental. This is me. I'm at Antrax Yeller, Shibumi and Remy Kagogen at CCC in 2016 and then they introduced me to the security team, which all of those also worked on reproducible builds so they introduced me to that mind-blowing concept of if you build twice, do you get the same checksum and you realize, no, you don't and that just spiraled to this presentation three years. The Arch security team has been working on reproducible builds for at least as far back as winter 2016. Yes, it's mostly the same people. It's mostly Antrax that has been the driving force and been pushing forward to this and got all the people interested along with Allen and stuff. It's been quite a few years now actually. That's fun. That's really cool. I know it's a subject that's fairly close to my interest so I look forward to seeing it develop as time goes on and I'm sure it will. I think there's another question. Oh yeah, sorry there is one more question now. What are your hobbies other than Arch Linux and reproducible builds by Bullsock? Do I have other hobbies than Arch Linux and reproducible builds? I love bear I enjoy fasting, going to Belgium and drinking more beer obviously. I do enjoy music, guitar. I have a lot of guitars. A lot of open source development and stuff but it's mostly free, softer focus most of my hobbies really. I do travel and photography though. Awesome, thank you very much. Yes, awesome. Yes. Cool. Bye bye. Thank you.


What excites me is the power of an integrated system and the ability for research to make a real difference to our members. The Vioxx story is really a good illustration of what's possible. This was a case where there was some reason to be concerned about this medication that people were taking for pain. The Food and Drug Administration came to us and said, you have great data. Can we take a look in your data to see if there really is a problem here? We discovered, in fact, there was this increased risk of heart attacks for people who were on this medication. Within 48 hours, we had everybody off that drug that had been on it. How did we do that? Well, we have electronic records. We know what medications people are taking. We had ways to get in touch with our patients, phone numbers, email addresses. That idea of being able to act on information carefully, that's incredible.


Hey everyone, this is Thelma, a marbled velvet gecko, and she'll be helping me with my space pod today. Why are geckos related to space? Well, the recent Cygna spacecraft brought up a tool to the International Space Station inspired by these attractive little creatures. Stay tuned, this is your space pod for April 13th, 2016. The bottom of geckos feet are covered with thousands of tiny structures called CETA, which branch into even smaller structures called septule, and these allow geckos to grip using something called van der Waals forces. Wait, what are van der Waals forces? Imagine you're at a school dance with both teachers and students on different dance floors. Teachers on average use the whole dance floor space, but at any one time they could all be dancing on one side of the dance floor. The students on the adjacent dance floor don't want to be seen dancing near the teachers, so they all run to the farthest side of their dance floor. Now think of the students and teachers as electrons, causing the dance floor, or molecules, to have positive and negative sides, and you've just learned about van der Waals forces. These forces are very weak on their own, but remember, a gecko has thousands upon thousands of septule, which multiplies that very small force into a larger one. But what does this have to do with space? Researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory have developed gecko grippers that use synthetic material containing tiny hairs and can grip objects on command. The device uses springs to turn the grip on and off, so all a astronaut has to do is squeeze the gripper, place it on an object, and let go. How can a spring turn stickiness on and off? Imagine my fingers here are like the tiny hairs of the synthetic gecko material. The spring applies a sheer force, causing the hairs to bend. Creating a larger surface area for the van der Waals forces to work on, creating a larger stickiness. Now these hairs prefer to bend in only one direction, kind of like my fingers here. So the gecko pads that you see on the gecko gripper are set up with opposite bend directions, generating maximum grip. The gecko grippers launched to the International Space Station aboard the OA-6 Cygnus spacecraft are a technology demonstration. They'll be placed on different areas of the station for up to one year to see how well their grip lasts. Gecko grippers leave no sticky residues or release fibers like tape or velcro and can be used for thousands of cycles without losing their stickiness. Gecko grippers could be used on future robotic repairs, enabling them to crawl over spacecraft like the International Space Station. Thank you for watching this video and thank you to our Patreon patrons for helping to crowdfund this show. These videos are 100% crowdfunded and would not be possible without the support of our architects, engineers, ambassadors, dreamers and founders of tomorrow. I'd also like to thank roaming reptiles education for their help in providing Thelma here to help me with my spacepod today. If you'd like to know more about crowdfunding this show head to patreon.com slash spacepod and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel at youtube.com slash t-m-r-o to catch up on all our latest spacepods as they are released. I'd also like to know how you feel about the newest style of my latest spacepods so leave a comment below or let me know via social media. My name is Lisa Stajinowski, this is Thelma and until next time keep on discovering.


Hey, this is Brett and this 2018 Ford F-250 Crew Cab Short Box Lariat is stock number 1-4-4-3-2-Z. I am here at Summit Audemotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2018 Ford F-250 has the 6.7-liter Power Stroke diesel engine. It's paired up with a six-speed automatic transmission. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change, all the fluids have been checked and topped off. This truck is 100% ready to go. Super clean, nicely optioned out, and I'm going to go all the way around in this video inside underneath, started up, and take a look under the hood to give you the most accurate representation that I can of the vehicle. Blue Jeans Metallic is the color. I showed all my videos in 4K. If you like the videos, subscribe to the YouTube channel, click the bell notifications, get updates on the videos I do each and every day, and stay current on our ever-changing and vast heavy-duty truck inventory so you do not miss out on gems like this one. This one comes with the 18-inch painted and polished aluminum wheels. They are in really nice shape. Got a little bit of water spots on them, but nice condition, no major scuffs on there. It has Goodyear Wrangler All-Terrain Adventure tires. These are LT27570R18s, and in the front, these tires are brand new. We put those on in our safety inspection in the front. Framing on the bodies in pretty nice shape. This is a one-owner clean title history, clean car facts out of Iowa. Front fender is in nice shape, but I didn't see any major dents or dings on there. Headlight lenses are nice and clear, as are the fog lights. Front bumper and lower valance are in really nice condition as well. There is your engine block heating cord. Grille is in nice shape. You get the Ford logo there. That's a nice condition. The hood's in excellent shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on there. Passengers side front fender is in great condition as well. And the passengers side front wheel, no major scuffs on there. Looks pretty good. Blue Jeans Metallic has a lot of metal flake in it. Some purples. Obviously blues, light blues, dark blues. Really a good looking color. Lots of metallic in there. Paint's in nice condition as well. And as you go down this side of this 2018 Ford F250, take note of how clean that body is. And once again, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. I take these HD videos, so if you're far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at. Before you even get here, so when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video, that it was helpful, and that Brett sent you. Back wheels in nice shape as well. Now the back tires, they're not brand new, but I would say that they're probably 60, 70% of the tread from the front tires, because the front ones are new and these are not new, but they got a lot of tread left on them. So it does have the camper package with the anti-sway bar there. Underbody, a little bit of light corrosion on the frame, but other than that, looks pretty good. Has all the remainder of the factory exhaust. And of course, the underbody is going to be really great because these are the aluminum bodies on these trucks, so no corrosion on them. Has the nice factory chrome step bars, passenger side box. I didn't see any major dents or dings on there. Coming around to the back of the vehicle, the rear bumper is in great shape. It does have the backup parking sensors, no dents or dings on that rear bumper, and you get the full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. Tailgate's in pretty nice shape. Didn't see any major dents or dings on there. Ford logo's in nice condition. Comes with the tough bed, the factory Ford spray and bed liner, fifth wheel and goose neck prep package, and it does have the goose neck ball with the tie downs there, seven pin wiring in the bed. LED bed lights with the button there, and that's a nice feature to have, and all those lights are working nicely. And that spray and bed liner goes on to the tailgate, which is a nice feature as well. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly, and as you go down the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger's side, no major dents or dings on the box. And for full disclosure, this back wheel in pretty nice shape as well. Down the rest of this side of the truck, cab and doors all look really good. This one does have the power scope mirrors. They power fold in, power telescope out. They're heated, have built-in directional signals, LED side lights. This one does have the driver's side door code entry. We do have the code for that, for this truck. If you ever wanted to figure out what your code is for your 17 to 22 Super Duty in the upper right hand part of screen, there's a video showing you how to find that. Latch child safety system for any child car seat you may have. Power sliding rear window with the built-in rear defrost. These headrests do fold down for better visibility if nobody's riding back here. These seats have a lock on them, so when you have it in the down position and this storage bin is up, you can lock it and have a lockable storage area and that goes up like so. And you can lock that into place and then when you put the seat down like so. Anyways, here's your bag for that gooseneck and tie-down package, side box tie-downs in here and a receiver hitch reducer. You also have front carpet floor mats, the all-weather back floor mat. It's a nice feature and that's nice and flat. These back seats are heated on the outboard side. You get a 110 volt, 400 watt max plug-in, two USBs and a 12 volt power point back here. Like I said, the seats are in fantastic condition. Smells very clean inside this truck. You get the child safety locks on the back doors and the inside and bottoms of the doors all look really good. Here is the tire and loading information sticker. I'm sorry, there's a tire and loading information sticker. Here's the VIN sticker. No previously owned in Canada trucks here. Up front, you get the black leather bucket seats. No rips or tears on these seats. They are in fantastic condition. Both these seats are heated and cooled and power. Driver side lumbar, all-weather floor mats up here as well. Power pedals, auto headlamps, tilt telescopic steering wheel. That's for your LED side lights. Power windows, locks, mirrors and memory driver seat. These mirrors do power fold in. I always like showing both sides so that you know that both sides are working properly and then they do telescope out and in, out and in. Really a nice truck and this would probably, I would probably consider buying this one myself but I don't need a diesel. There is your digital instrument cluster miles per hour digital display and this one has 52,334 miles on it. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel, Bluetooth and audio controls on the right, cruise controls and information center controls on the left. There's your shifter for that six speed automatic transmission. This one has the sync eight inch radio. You get AM, FM and Sirius and Bluetooth capabilities on here as well as a CD player. I think this is probably the last year you could get a CD player in these things.  You get your apps here and then your different settings. This one does have Apple CarPlay and Android Auto. Why that's important is this one doesn't have the factory navigation system but project your cell phone up there with Waze or Google Maps and it's like you have NavRite on the screen with one of those apps there. So that's a nice system to have factory exhaust breaks, stability control, hazard lights, does have the Sony premium sound system so it does have the subwoofer and then you get your camera here, your cargo cam so you can see what's going on in the bed and you can see behind the truck and you can zoom in on that receiver hitch to get hooked up to your boat camper or trailer the first time, every time.  Now here's my magic trick. You get two cup holders, abracadabra, four cup holders. So that's the magic trick. Dual glove boxes right there, passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition and once again that headliner absolutely perfect, smells very clean inside this truck. Power sliding rear window, control there and map lights and auto dimmy mirror. Let's start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I'll turn on all the lights too so we can make sure those are all working. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality condition options and of course cleanliness of this truck inside and out. There are those LED side lights on the mirrors. They are very bright. Headlights and fog lights all working very nicely on this truck. And under the hood we have the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel engine. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change while the fluids have been checked and topped off. Shocks to do a nice job holding that hood up. The light is working and there is the emissions sticker. Very nice truck and if I needed a diesel I'd probably snatch this one up just because it's the right options, the right color and in really nice shape. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, halftones, three-quarter tons, one tons, you name it. We've got to go to the website right there, summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle all at summitauto.com. If you want to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Click the bell notifications to get updates on the videos I do each and every day. As well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and heavy-duty truck walk-arounds on YouTube. Over 9,000 videos and counting and stay current on our ever-changing and vast heavy duty truck inventory here at Summit Auto. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. A link to all the F-250 videos I've ever done in the upper right. A link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left. And a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. Click those, check us out. We're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2018 Ford F-250 Lariat Crew Cab Short Box in Blue Jeans Mentale. Thank you so much for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again. Have a great day.


Os yna fydd gennych chi bobl clwn i sicrhau y gallwn gwirionedd a'r unrhyw fydd yn cymryd. Fyddìi cesi'n gwych amser hynny. Mae'r ystyried ymllug yn ddigwyddol i'w meddwl wedi'i dod ei gynghori iawn. Rwy'n debyg hwn arall os ymlaes o ddysgu a medicine hwn yn fyrwch. Mae yna'r fai'r ddyn ni'n ystyried yma i jei newydd yn erbyn aml spam. H lygwb, o bobl gyda'r dysgu eich bod ni'n gobeithio. Mae'n cael ei mwynhau gyda'r musrif yn mynd, eich ysgol gyda'r musrif cig. Felly dyna'r bod ni'n gwybod eu bod yn digwydd ymoss a rhan gwrs ymlaen y gynhyrch. Felly efallai'n gweithio'r tynnu llei, a'r ddechrau ar honno yn 20 menyn wedi llei, iawn i'r byd arall a'r gweithio. Mae'n gobeithio broil ymlaen, mae'r bobl yn gweithio headingau, Felly ymddîm yn lleoedd gan unigo eihum ymddîm?  By trying to apply pressure on those trigger points we can get the brain to relax the contraction of the muscle a little bit. We're using ball effectively like a massas, a massousa's hand. We're interested in getting it into the back of the shoulder or the last half of the shoulder we'll look at the front of the chest gyda'r cestwyr, mae'n i'n ieddych i'r t-spyf mewn bwysig o'r bwysig o'r bwysig, ydy'r bwysig o'n i weld o'r bwysig, ac mae'n i'n i'n eisiau pam a'r bwysig o'r bwysig i'r llur am gyfer y hwn. Mae'n fyddwch bwysig o'r bwysig o'r bwysig, ac y gallwn ni wedi'n gwybod i gyddo'r llun. Gweddill i chi'w'r dweud, gyda'n 이nd i'w ddweud yr edrych o'r bod y bryd, mae'n bod yn ei geniyda'r byd. Oe'r aelodau mae'r dda favourite ar y Dryffan. Isrwch ymweld, mae'r grannu'r ddwy o'r ddwy o'r 10, 6 i'r buddau o'r dividesadau, ond mae'r ddweud bod ei gweithio'r oeddu o'r aelodau. Gwyd yn digud mae'r ddwy'r ddwy o'r part, mae'r byd yn dangos due. Mae'n ni dda wedi gallu gweithio'n byddo i gael, gyda'r cymaint ymlaen o'r miol yna, byddwn ni'n cael ei wneud am yr exoedd yn enw gynnyddwyd ac yn ni'n i gweinwch i'r bwysig ar y bosel. So if it doesn't hurt, go and do something else. Just spend your time on the bits which you are sore. So, first one isLAUGHSY BALLS, if you go on the back of the shoulder and it's literally like seeking destroyed, it's fine the point where it's sore, you might have got muscles jumping out of the way, it feels like it's a bit gritty but anything which is ffwhe t'n stwp down, gritty, not very nice, just gently give it a little bit of that. Balance it, Both of You, Hold Your Back together, and give them an issue of humor that you see, but you're almost there Okay, why not do some dance moves before our new project is closer to that wrth yr ydym ni weithio unig yn ys文. Ynw wnaeth i'w gweithio i'w llwyso ageithi gyda panfŵwll wedi bod ymolio i gyd. Mae unrhywbeth, mae'r unrhywbeth cair, mae'r unrhywbeth cair gyda unusu groes a dylwydd yn cael bod y bwrdd a'r iawn, ond yn hyn yn ymdur i'w gweithio â'i... a yna yna'n mynd i wych, mae'n mynd i gyr bakerydd a'r Fennell yn ymdur. Mae'n yslynwedd butiwch ar ei fod yn ymdur a'r hefyd. Ni'n ddweud eich hwn i ddeiligon i amgylchedd rhaglen. Rwy'n ddweud eich hwn i ddeiligon i amgylchedd rhaglen. Ieithwch ar fearsmwylliant yn y porf yma. Dw i chi'n ffordd y gyflyg ei ddweud o'r llwyg? A oeddME cefnodd y bobl Cymreig hwn yn ddod. Felly, y gallwn ni'n rhaglen a fof, y gallwch ar bobl yma, gyda ni'n rhaid i'ch mahl yn y bobl lleer. Ydw i chi'n dyfu IE, yn y bobl Llywodrach, gwelio hyn a llwybu llwy, Dwi wedi cael ei ddefnyddio y nifer yn ôl yn y gyfathon. Mae'n mmu'r ffordd mwy o'r sorg a'u chweinwk yma. Mae'n siŵr ymddeithi am Yngrifffyr hon. Mae e'n gwneud hyn o'r hunodon nhw ben yw y ffordd mwy o'r hunwyr yn arbennig. Felly mae efallai efallai eich bod yn gwneud hynny. Rwy'n credu bod eisiau pethau'n nifer yn y niolu eu werthiau olu'u hanesneg. Mae chi'n ymddefnyddio'r hunodon nhw'n cael eu gwneud hynny. If I'm lacking that internal rotation of my muscle up, I might not then be able to do a muscle up, or I then really compromise here, and then I'll end up in the sitting physio at some point. Potentially leave some optimal internal rotation. Is it 45? 45. Whereas you like full 90 on the exit. About 180 a year, about 45. Same, 45, same 5. 45. Your range is up. So I'm looking at physio just to check that one. They'll talk about the R, because some people go further, the R could total be 180. The balance is actually more important. If we've got a ton of external rotation, like no internal rotation, it's worse than actually having a bit of a restriction in both, you actually kind of want a bit of balance across the range. So we can go, we'll show you another one, probably a way more effective one for the internal rotation, which Jack will do in a minute. It can go front on ball into the front of the shoulder, body down, arm behind the back. Just get into any of that kind of horrible nastiness up in the front, not great, particularly unpleasant this morning. And then this one, I really like, it's a pretty full arm, but you can get into the answer here with Deltoid Boy, this guy on the front of the shoulder. First time I've ever got me to do this, about five years ago, I remember thinking, what about this?  But you can use a knuckle, you can use the end of the barbell, you can use the main shaft of the barbell, you can use the knuckle of it, whichever is going to get in there. The fat a bit, less than, more so there, so that's not going to be as painful as when you put that bad boy right into there. So you can tack down a little bit on peck, you can tack down a little bit more on your anterior doubt. You can even take this down towards, but sometimes bicep tend to get really glued up, so actually coming down a little bit further onto the bicep. I feel where it is that you do some work, take it through, rain, tack it down, take it through the range. You've got a bit more pressure, put your knee on top, you can make with the other hand, make sure it's not going to move, and take it through that range you're trying to get to. The other thing that's nice about the barbell there is it's going to help you keep that shoulder down, rather than just letting it pop up and go, oh, look how far up I'm going. Last but not least, I've got one more for your shoulder. This one I really like, C-spine. So a thoracic spine is this kind of portion of our spine, 12 verse grade, but it's going to be responsible for quite a bit of extension. If the thoracic spine isn't healthy, your shoulders are going to struggle to have good range of movement. So this is a really nice mobilisation exercise to those of us that spend too long sat at death, that's what we're talking about. When we did our Friday, when we're doing our back bridges and that sort of full flexion and that extension for T-spine, if you felt tightly there, this is great for that. So foam walking, sit into T-spine, I'm going to take the barbell over there and that snatch grip, and I'm just going to push my hips up. So I can get my bones to the floor if I just allow my rib cage to lift. What I'm going to do is try and keep that rib cage packed in, just like we talked about with the hollow body, and now I'm going to try and take it through towards the ground. So this stretch is going to come through the shoulders, but it's also taking the pressure of the T-spine, and I can just move into different positions. Just be careful your head doesn't come miles, I'll just try and keep it relaxed at neutral position. Push up, full through, sit into that shape, hips up, the bird's great. You're going to feel it across here, as well as working through the spine. Stay away from pain, feels un-saw or uncomfortable. Don't hurt yourself on the last one for you guys, it's just shoulders. Give yourself a hug, get the shoulder blade out of the way, get into any of that nastiness that you get in there. When you just move the scaps out, when you hook yourself, my scaps are as far apart as possible, opens up that tissue and gets into them rather than mashing on your actual bone. All right, have a go. We might as well get some more kit out. We are doing some self-myth facial release. It's day three, and things are starting to get a little bit grotty. We're trying to mash away, prep up, loosen off some of these tight muscles so we can smash our last workshops for the weekend workshop that's been. This is actually an advanced technique that looks a lot like lying down. You'll be wrong.


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That's nice that 325 round numbers where these go top Yes, go one of the Saints read 25 Lave in London there Skymore cracked eyes First cracked eyes of the day is a nice one Chiefs RPS 6 of 22 It's no Andy Reid, but it is a sky more Who had the chiefs looks like Blaine congrats Blaine? Yep, cracked eyes still looks great every year. That's going in a mag. There we there we go First one of the day. Yeah, the Lamar the Lamar situation is just so weird It's weird how many people are like from not in that George Pickens here rookie ticket RPS Steelers It's weird how many other people not with like the Ravens are also like Weighing in on it. It's it feels weird, man. I don't know Everybody has the way yeah, it's it's not great and gave it to get Brady I say a likely Ravens rookie ticket auto It's a D on in there. I do feel bad for Harbaugh because this is literally not about him at all Yeah, you're not supposed to say something bad Because in all likelihood he's gonna be only under contract with the Ravens for this year David O'Jabbo Ravens rookie ticket auto Shannon Sharp. Well, they also want to get Lamar back on like a like hey, I want to play here type thing like They gotta do it Yeah, I don't know it's a lot of missteps on both sides, but yeah Yeah, dude, and then yeah, and then Arthur Miller Arthur Miller's the Falcons owner, right? Arthur What's his name Arthur Blank Arthur Blank he was like It's just something about he's missed like what five or six games the past couple years And it's like man That's just it's a weird like cop out to say like cuz like I'd rather have the 12 games. Oh the doken Yeah, like I just yeah Cheeser could take it out of Chris. Oh the doken like they don't want to say like they're afraid to say We don't want to pay him that much money can walk with a third. It's such a dude It's so weird Dak and CD a lot of weird things on both on both sides Everything from the Ravens and from Lamar the one of those Yeah, Sam Allison extra Montana. Well, I mean hey a John Fitzpatrick tickets to a rookie out of 87 Falcons Power players Bosa, I think the Pat said they didn't want them to be fair as Patriots fans I saw some things on social media. We don't deserve a quarterback as good as Lamar Jackson At least all the online Patriots fans They're like we'd rather have Mac Okay, so okay sold out on the next one Jerry Rice That is a we it's a weird one to do right J. Row. He bucking ears to 199 There he is play I've taken bucks and Kenny pick it supernatural. Okay, you guys And keep going here. Thanks everybody for grabbing spots today much appreciated court Kings a lot of court Kings PYT's later on The only case today is sold out But Sam's got a bunch more Contenders PYT's and court Kings PYT's That's pretty much all that's left outside of a court Kings full case tier random style later on tonight Everything else available the rest of day contenders PYT court Kings PYT. All right. Thanks everybody Resolve the breeze hall super Super Bowl ticket a number 11 is not me, so I Gotta put a case back. Give me totally selling me not to pull heat Garrett Wilson Ricky the year Thinking that one has the breeze Nice the MOOC the Jackson shoryo and Bowman inception. Yep That'll do Trent McDuffie variation chiefs Ricky ticket auto Ricky the year James Cook did he have a good spring or something Earl Campbell that's just Bowman, man Equities God TJ. What was left? 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Just combine all the Combine all the get all the best players from all the XFL teams and make them a team Rookie ticket auto Cowboys Isaac Taylor Stewart Josh Allen of the P contenders not that like the Browns are a fine on-field team, but as an organization Did you hit Shane Josh Allen goes that one? Shuffle the worst he's each a vision of the new I know new one So who's the worst team the AFC East? Mr. Brandon cooks number to 199 And V-12 Belich Jones junior rookie ticket RPS bears Christian Watson You take the Jags out it's pretty brutal down there, dude And even then they have been six. I'm not like I knew the Jags are great But we also haven't seen it consistent yet. We saw it for one season, so They're off it's gonna be something that and that it's different when there's expectations and like teams are like, oh, you know what? We want to go out. We want to go hit that Trevor Lawrence guy. They got the good Josh Allen The good Josh Allen, oh man, oh No, I don't know spear. I don't know it was getting heated. There's a lot of people defending the uh, oh Man, it's gonna get interesting Belich Jones junior Isaac Taylor Stewart Channing Tyndall Britton Brown Keontae Ingram playoff ticket Trent McDuffie ticket stop John Fitzpatrick Chris Alda doken David O'Jabbo Isaiah likely George Pickens RPS Tegan Quittariano Micah McFadden Kennedy Brooks a a Yoma was a rique Xander Horvath cave on tip-a-doe Jared Bernhardt Leonard Ballon playoff ticket championship ticket Lewis seen Aiden Hutchinson Brian Robinson jr. On the championship ticket variation nice card commanders Payton Hendershot that's cool name Perry and Winfrey Jordan stout Khalil Shakir Tyquan Thornton Darren Butler Jordan Mason Kenyon Green Okonkwo on the showcase Jordan Davis and a cracked ice sky more there is one less sky more Cracked ice on the market. Thanks very much everybody on the number three


What's going on guys got Kyle here with the late sports cards, and we're ripping 2023 Star Wars return of the Jedi chrome sapphire five box number 15 Good luck here guys random pack style. I'll show you guys the results again real quick We had Scott H with one all the way down to Michael V with 40 All righty guys good luck here Let's do it get box one here We'll get all the packs out and we'll go from top to bottom one through eight here on the first box Sean is about to break his leg tonight My goodness. All righty guys pack one is gonna be Scott H Scott H with pack one good luck sir got a new challenge Sapphire got escorted to the Ewok village We've got a checklist the Ewok there 67 through 132 and we've got Princess Leia switches into action or swings into action Pack one. All righty guys pack two. We got Joe B Joe Good luck Joe swing to safety We've got inside job of the huts Palace Got face of terror. That is a face of terror right there and red is Princess Leia strikes back When he's saying a stick maybe pack three this one is Travis M Good luck Travis Got a Ewok leaders Is Han Solo giving up? Princess Leia to the force and the princess is apprehended one second here guys Still 23 to go on Star Wars. Alrighty guys pack for Clark got a biker scout This one is deadly cannon Got green to 60. This one is Princess Leia swings into action It's green one there to 60 and we've got above the sarlacc pit Alrighty guys pack five Trevor B hulking Gamarian guard Got the forest fighters. This one is Han Solo's plate And the Emperor's arrival on pack six. This one is Joel Joel B portrait of Chewbacca Got C3BO and R2-D2 Got bushes captive And we have the courageous Jedi Luke portrait there and ready guys pack seven mr. Bryan got the Emperor's offer Intergalactic gangster that's Sean intergalactic gangster friends of the Alliance and The new Death Star ready guys pack eight pack eight Jason are Within the Death Star. We've got orange to 25. We got Bido and a Jawah to 25 on the orange or Bido Battle of the Jedi and Han Solo portrait Han Solo ready guys box two we'll have nine through 16 ready guys number nine Kevin Kevin L the heroic droids Drew P. McCool Old Drew P. McCool the ultimate mission and a full-fledged Jedi Luke This one is pack number ten Bob at a return of the Jedi poster That's a sick-looking card man Turn of the Jedi poster. We've got the Bancorp it or the Rancorp it break for freedom and checklist there one through 66 with the Darth Vader Alrighty guys number 11. This one is Jaiman Deadly plunge. We've got a Darth Vader is down Got the sail barge and the desert skiff and soldiers of the Empire on the base Ready guys pack 12 Clark Clark a I guys still 23 to go on the next sapphire breaking right after this Got fury of the Jedi the jaws of death Orange number to 25. This one is the victorious rebels Nice one there got C-3PO got chewy to 25 And we've got the rescuer back 13 Michael Michael V. Just the deciders alert to the danger Sale about a sail barge battle and we've got snice size noodles size noodles Sean's nickname this one is Jason 14 I believe it. I believe it founder at the Bullwinkles. Yeah, got a blasting a speeder bike crazy got a message for Jabba the hut little Monday Oh, you can drink path of destiny and Salacious crumb No, they would have been broke 15 as Douglas H. Yeah, they didn't know I Just wait Geez all right guys, this is 15 Douglas got a mother and the child the net a droid congratulating wedge and We got victory celebration. Alrighty guys pack 16 now Raymond are Raymond are trapped by the Empire We've got the baby you walk always so cute This one is green to 60 is a checklist there checklist 67 through 132 green to 60 and Lando on the Portrait already guys got 17 through 24 Pack 17. This is Dallin Dallin F. So one is father versus son Imperial biker scout facing the Emperor and a court in chaos pack 18 Clark Clark a Gamorian guard profile Got the return of the Jedi poster this one's sick as well Turn of the Jedi poster on the base Boba Fed attacks And we've got mission destroy the Death Star already guys Kyle now pack 19 pack 19 Kyle F Kyle M. Sorry, Kyle M Got Ewoks to the rescue Got size noodles Sean's ex God pondering the raid And village of the Ewoks I was a nice lady. Not much to look at miss noodles Scott H with 20. There's a toward brighter tomorrow Luke. We've got to 75 awaiting home his majesty Darth Vader card there under attack base and Master of his court. This one is heroes in disguise a Close call Low gray and the chief and the royal droid No one was Scott pack 20. This is 21. I'm sorry. This is 22. That one was um, Ryan 22 Kenny This Kenny K Pack 22 Lando Calrissian fight for his life. We've got blue thoughts of a Jedi Observed by the Ewoks and the interceptor or a tie interceptor pack 23. This one is Joel Jolby on the Death Star This is a monstrous guest That looks weird got Han Solo nice sticker there on the Han Little sticker base and the raging battle Alrighty guys number 24 this one will be Simon got the Ewok village Approaching the princess and gold this one's number to 15. It's a collection of creatures To 15 from the opening scene of the movie nice gold there and a dreaded rank or Alrighty guys, we'll have 25 through 32 in here. Hey guys still 23 left on the next one Same one here five box random pack style. Alrighty guys. Good luck here Sweet 25 through 32 Number 25 is Jason R Decarbonized got a Luke Skywalker the Jedi the victorious rebels and We've got a word with Obi-Wan Kenobi Back 25 there. This is 26. Gonna be Tom Jay the battle begins We've got Mon Mothma on the portrait seeing her a bunch in six series This one is the Imperial fleets and the forest of indoor force moons Forced moons of indoor. This one is 26 or 27 Jason R 27 27 Jason R Luke Skywalker surrenders got aboard the sail barge Give in to the hate give in to the hate And a entering the throne room. Alrighty guys got 28 now James B is Yoda the Jedi master Got Gamorian Guard emerges There's Aqua at a 75 nice one there Princess Leia to the rescue Leia and Han Solo to 75 and Luke Skywalker now a Jedi. This one is 28 29 29 there Jason are Jason droids on the move We've got Admiral Ackbar. It's a trap on these sticker. Nice one there Jason got a Will Han Solo be dinner and Rescuing Han Solo guess he wasn't dinner to answer that question Pack 30 this one is Brian T Awaiting his majesty. We've got a ATST Luke Skywalker's destiny and We've got corridors of the Empire Imperial destroy pack 31 is Andrew F Luck Andrew Not all hail C3PO Their secret revealed We've got ready for action and a bizarre alien creatures. This one is 32 Douglas F 32 the droid in the Ewok got a the young Jedi Knight Green to 60. We've got a new challenge Green to 60 the boys Gang and the friends depart Indeed already guys last one here. This will be 33 through 40 still working on the next one guys Jedi Another one of these five boxer sapphire Still working on it Lynn taking a spot in Renaissance. I believe we're down to one on Renaissance Yeah, guys down to one on Renaissance Ready. Good luck here This one is 33 through 40 pack 33 we've got Jason prisoners Imperial shuttle God's confronting their destiny and job of the huts dancing girl Leia 34 we've got Douglas. It's a rebel cruiser Chewbacca triumphant The courageous Ewoks and we've got a curious Ewok. This one is 35. Joe B. Good luck Joe got the emperor on the portrait Got a checklist This one is princess Leia to the rescue and blue approach of wicket 35 or 36 Colby. Yep, 36 here Colby Coby Coby C. This one is walking the plank Got Camorian guard and Aqua at a 75 is their secrets revealed It's where he finds out his sister is a girl. He likes and the bouncy hunter bush All right. Got Travis now number 37 sail barge creatures Got the demise of Jabba The victors and we've got court of evil 38 Brian T rival of the emperor It's cool one got facing Jabba the hut Luke and Han Got the Death Star raid Luke Skywalker on the portrait That's one there Brian To left we got 39 for Simon Lando Calrissian's disguise Got watched by Boba Fett This one is battle in the forest and we've got the allies meet All right guys the last one here number 40 Michael V Good luck Michael captured Got the newly completed Death Star and gold Han Solo approaches 11 of 15 Nice one there Michael on the Han Solo golds of 15 Sick one there and Jabba the hut on the sail barge. Yeah, we'll make that Han Solo there to 15 Alrighty guys, that'll do it for Star Wars Sapphire. Thank you. Thank you We'll get these cards right out to you another Star Wars up next