zero-tower, poised for the world's sickest sandstone, all branches of the armed services and all civilian components of just low-lying islands strung like beads on a necklace. Anyway talk, Marshall Islands, surfwashed, coral reef, studded with the regular pattern of coconut groves laid out long ago, the stately palm trees cleared away as the tangled ticket of tropical growth. Out of this isolated wilderness the army engineers are gouging a permanent proving ground for the Atomic Energy Commission. This early phase and later phases required great quantities of supplies. Who delivered them? The Navy, better than 57,000 measurement tons. At Port Waimimi and at many other ports of the naval establishment the preparation resembles loading of an invasion fleet. And the details are as fully masked behind the curtain of security as if there were to be a military invasion. At this juncture Operation Sandstone is top secret that the coordination of civilian and military groups is excellent. Helping to preserve this coordination is a plotilla of Navy and engineers small craft, performing essential, though not a virtual water taxi system for supplies, equipment and personnel has been recognized from the experience of earlier atomic tests. Operation Crossroads, the rude of small craft, is the comm stock. A landing ship dock which serves as the headquarters of the boat pool and as a self-contained flexible repair facility. Established ashore, operations have become an important air base serving as a sea drone for far-ranging sea planes assigned to many security missions. Tanks are filled with high octane but this is only one of the thousands of logistics problems that had to be met. Dominating the proving ground and its many installations are the 200 foot zero towers and the 75 foot photo towers. Disposed at various distances from the zero towers, experimental blast structures of the Navy's Bureau of Yards and to beach itself during loading procedures, an LSM has been chosen for the task of laying a submarine cable, another Navy function. The armored cable is to link the islands of the proving ground into a timing and instrumentation network. The network is to be of great dimension and yet must satisfy demands for precision rarely ever before attempted or achieved in experiments of such scope. Under the supervision of a Coast Guard officer experienced in cable work, the job of laying nearly a million feet of cable is accomplished despite many obstacles. Splicing the cable even with personnel expressly trained is the crucial factor in meeting the operational deadline. Many hands make light work although the cable weighs almost a ton for a thousand feet. While these advanced echelons are fizzily engaged, back in the United States the main body of Joint Task Force 7 gets underway. Stowed in the hold new quantities of supplies, aboard are large groups of scientists, military units participating in atomic weapon development and the command staff organized on war-tested principles of joint operation. Lashed to the death on the 4,500 mile voyage. Military precautions. Atomic secrets. Atomic weapons. Atomic know-how. All are precious freight that give ominous meaning to sleek destroyers keeping vigil on the flanks of the Task Force. Ships are for logistics, but ships are for security too. Provides definite facilities needed on her present mission. Routine tasks going on top side belie the secret work being performed in the shops and laboratories below. The skipper doesn't say much, but he knows. You might draw additional significance from these loose marines chosen for special security tasks of float in the shore. And the gun crews hold a practice exercise. Exercise? Yes, but this is another version of exercise for all hands and by creation and relaxation as the ships move closer and closer to the truck. Serving as the principal laboratory ship and as home and headquarters of the scientific staff is the Alba Marl, sister ship of the Curtis. Like other ships of the force, she is a weather station gathering data for daily forecasts. Later she'll be integrated into an extensive weather network. Now this is the way a deck is scrubbed and this is the way a deck is decorated. But while the work of the deck force sometimes coincides with leisure for the passengers sunning themselves in the balmy seer, the ship is taut and happy. Below the scientific staff spends long hours consulting on technical and operational problems. With the armed services and supporting roles, it is the civilian scientific group drawn from many laboratories but directed by the Atomic Energy Commission that is at the heart of the experiments. These men will determine the relative merits of three new weapons. Many tasks of the scientists demand air conditioned laboratories. Temperature and humidity control and dust free conditions are essential, particularly while delicate instrument assemblies are being made. Thousands of spare parts are stored by the scientists but skilled machinists of the ship's force often manufacture spares in emergency. Almost equally as many tasks are being performed aboard the carrier by Roco. Radiological safety classes conducted underway afford an example of the excellence of the operation from the standpoint of national preparedness and security. Officers drawn from all the armed services are briefed on radiological dangers and trained in the techniques and problems of radiological safety. Various projects also provide opportunities for testing under field conditions, many new instruments, operational procedures and decontamination and safety techniques. The laboratories on the by Roco, hence, are important at all stages of the operation. General Hull, the ins and his deputies, rear Admiral Parsons, the Navy's director of a general Kepner, the commander of Air Forces, both Admiral Blandy's deputies in Operation Crossroads. As a command ship, the McKinley has earned her title the Mighty Mac.  No not one job, but hundreds of different jobs. She is the command post, the Information Center, the Weather Central, the Naval Task Group headquarters and the station of the Air Commander. In and out of her communications rooms flow thousands of messages coordinating the task force because of the nature of the operation. Encrypted traffic is heavy. But busy as are her communications channels, there is stress on all measures of security too. And radar operators alert at their posts. We speak caution and preparedness. As the main body of the task force heads for the forward areas, there is now an increased emphasis on airlift, particularly to Quadjolin. Busy hive of air and considerable rehabilitation has been conducted of facilities little used since World War II or Operation Crossroads. Air lift is important in the logistics plan for a telescope's time and abbreviates distance, linking the continental United States to the Marshall Islands. High-priority personnel are sped to many destinations by aircraft of the Military Air Transitions Plan, Airsea Rescue Units, whose amphibians are equipped with small boats that can be parachuted to the surface of the sea. Navy converted B-17s are used for anti-submarine patrol, 356 miles away. The air strips at Anyway Talk Island, certain areas of the proving ground are level. But at other points, Earth barricades are formed to absorb or deflect the expected blast pressures. Activity reaches high pitch. Anyway Talk, Hoasy site of the Zero Tower, 10,000, requires various elements of sea power. Tankers, destroyers and destroyer escorts, transports, tenders, mission ships, and a host of specialized craft. In this tropical lagoon, a virtual community afloat. The ships compose of versatile and powerful force, capable of many tasks. Doing all the tasks assigned, doing them well. Drinking water, manufactured for units not self-sustaining, 22 million gallons. Diesel fuel delivered, better than a million and a half gallons. Motor gasoline delivered, more than five gasoline delivered, more than six hundredths and a third. Plantation projects must still be carried out. Scientific groups reach their outdoor laboratory, being transformed into a virtual table top for the experiments. Work-goat tropical climate make each new project a challenge. Each day's work a true operate on difficult hurricane of sand, making windscreens a necessity for many projects. In a dual experiment by Los Alamos scientists to detect the presence of neutrons at various distances from the Zero Tower, cables are set out. One cable to which flotation planks have been attached for the sake of buoyancy is hauled out to the lagoon. These balsa rafts lowered from the albarmol serve as platforms for sample containers that are to be moored to the cable like a string of tiny islands. Also oriented from the foot of the Zero Tower, a second cable experiment is set up with sample containers mounted on tripods and variously shielded. Like a gigantic clothes line, the cables with neutron detecting samples attached will be reeled in after the detonation. Thousands of man hours are consumed by jobs that are sheer physical labor. Soil stabilization is necessary to minimize dust and to solidify earth mounds that will absorb or deflect blasts. Coaxial cables and the hundreds of instruments must be dust free if they're to render the precise results demanded by the operation. To avoid dust, many instruments are installed a minimum interval before abandonment of the Zero Island. Since data must be precise, each wall of these blockhouses gets an identifying number. This structure is a reference to tower cameras aimed at the fireball stage of the explosion will include it as a known measurement. Important to the architects of an atomic age is the study of blast effects and blast deflection in relation to various surfaces, angles, and structural techniques. These strange objects preformed in the United States and shipped to Winnery talk for installation by the Army engineers comprise a test conducted by the Navy's Bureau of Yards and Docks. The structures are of different shape and size set in different footings and disposed differently to the zero tower. Hence a great variety of data will result. To make certain that atomic secrets are safeguarded is the job of the security force a combined civilian military group who have charge of segregated areas and who make certain that access to these areas is granted only to authorized personnel. Many jobs remain to be done in the short interval remaining as preparation for future tests animal chambers of the Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery are being given a limited trial ashore and in the lagoon. Thermal plaques of the Bureau of Gips contain colored and glossed material plastics and fabrics. Gamma stations have columnating tubes correctly aimed to channel radiation from the fireball and the rising clouds to which ionization chambers within the shelter must be aligned. This is another experiment of the atomic energy commission that requires precision and infinite care. Access ports of the gamma stations are shielded with cans of boric acid to absorb stray neutrons. Military personnel whose tasks for the present are completed are being evacuated to a safe distance at sea and shipboard procedures to guard against all emergencies. Security measures are even more painstaking as events go ahead with slow crescendo. Radiopac Simile brings weather information that is added to the great flow of communications traffic aboard the Mount McKinnon. Such a flow of information can General Hull and his staff coordinate the great undertaking. Disposition of the Navy units is reported by rear Admiral Dennebrink the Naval Task Group Commander while Major General Kepner gives the air status. With the staff so readily assembled for discussion of interrelated problems flexibility is important to a complex operations plan. Weather information is vital for weather is the crux of the time schedule. Upon the forecasters depend many of the command decisions now to be made. Long-range weather planes row great areas of the Pacific to study wind structures, cloud formations, and temperatures. Weather information has high priority as communications traffic but knowing the burdens that would be placed on communications particularly on radio teletype and radio telephone circuits engineers of the armed services have planned their networks well. Units of float and ashore are bound together by networks that demonstrate daily and ingenious efficiency. At Quadjalan Air Force photo planes are fueled and camera installations completed for full-scale dress rehearsal. Of the photo towers at the proving ground most interesting is that built on a coral shoal in the middle of the lagoon. Here batteries of motion picture cameras running at various speeds to record the phenomena of atomic explosion will all be remotely triggered. Augmenting them are banks of still cameras are now being accomplished by scientific groups still on the zero island. Blast harps strung with soft wire are set out to give direct readings of blast pressure. Blast cans called penny gauges another economical method of obtaining direct readings of the blast are put in place. Film sensitive to gamma rays is being distributed at hundreds of places some exposed and some concealed in the blast structures. Navy experiments are many. This channel device called a film howitzer will provide data on gamma penetration when angles are involved. Nearby snugly tied in glass cloth is a packet of medical samples. Between steel plates representing various hull thicknesses film will measure radiation penetration in relation to shielding. The Bureau of Ships also wants to study thermal effects and determine decontamination procedures in relation to these racks of paints, varnishes, enamels, woods, and plastics all to be exposed to atomic explosion. As a guide in the design of modern ships the Bureau of Ships needs an abundance of information and the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery searching for a simple inexpensive but accurate index of exposure to gamma radiation is testing these crystals that will change color according to the amount of irradiation. Such tests may have far reaching effects in the exploration of many phases of an atomic era. Shielding afforded by cement is being studied too. Biological assay material exposed for Navy medical studies is guarded from tropic heat and humidity by wrappings of glass wool. Inside the timing station the last brick is fitted into the massive lead coffin that shields the delicate recording cameras from unwanted radiation. Elsewhere on the zero island structures are sealed is the giant laboratory. Mute. The detonation party races from zero island to zero island to close and lock the switches that knit the zero tower to the distant control panel. By radio telephone frequent reports go to the scientific director, new assortment of tasks each one important. The never sleeping eyes of radar reach out lest there be intruders into the deserted restricted areas. Communications has a heavy responsibility. The entire task force has been stirred to intense activity. Let me we talk in eerie darkness. The Air Force drones take off with a perfection born of dilative cloud on sampling nearby at the control island. A telemeter tower looms up. It's antenna ready to receive signals from the blast footings that scientists within the telemetering station can record and interpret. The detonation party arrives and mounts to the control station. Ready for x-ray day and the world's sixth atomic explosion. What secrets will be plucked from the darkness and the unknown? At what new frontiers does man stand? Stand by for final time signal. Stand by for final time signal. At the sound of the gong it will be minus 20 seconds. Stand by sound of the gong it will be minus 10 seconds. Minus 10 seconds. Radioactive samples from the cloud in special filter traps samples that will give an index to weapon efficiency. Whether that exposure was in the sky or on the ground must be carefully monitored. Copters, swift recovery of samples from the water and land cables proves the versatility of these craft. The samples are dropped to neutron measurement crews on the deck of the albarmal and rushed to the ship's laboratories for counting procedures. Copter shuttle service was a great boon to the scientific projects. Small groups go ashore for recovery of instruments and inspection of installation. They are clad in disposable clothing and wear masks to prevent the ingestion of radioactive dust. Copters guide them, restrict their movements and limit their stay. The station has weathered the fuel vital records of the experiments are safe within. The explosion. Some tell a vivid story and need no further explanation. Others require careful scrutiny. Assembly of data begin swiftly although there must be no lingering in radioactive areas. Navy medical men gather up sample packets that will provide diversified material for careful laboratory analysis. As data is computed aboard the albarmal even a simple beer can renders an account of its adventure on the zero island. Weight of water in the crumpled can will give the scientists a direct reading of blast pressures from pre-computed tables. Other data has been recorded on negatives which may be examined like this one. As busy as the scientists have been before they still lose no time now in analyzing the results and compiling figures needed by the test director and the atomic energy commission. But the proof testing of two additional new weapons remains. Commission's new proving grounds and these new tests were made possible by teamwork. While this accounts best the story of the Navy's contribution it was a contribution to a joint task force and to a united effort in Operation Sandstone.


All right, cyber traders welcome on back here this Tuesday, August 22nd. Great to see all of our students and members joining us here or perhaps still with us right now. Great to see John just before at Kathleen, Sam, Leda, Margaret, Roberto, a few more of us just a moment ago, Larry included. So great to see all of our students and members back inside our live trading room. Great to have us back on social Facebook Live, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, the works and with that, you know, hey, HKD ran its course. Nice move from this morning. I mean, really just from the get go.  So, you know, right away we started to focus on this stock, although it wasn't on the main watch list. Yeah, it popped like as soon as he finished up there. So it pulled back, it took a little bit, but then it ended up starting that real run that we were looking for it to make. And when I say real run, you can, you know, hope that to be on any stock trending up when the market opens. But history often repeats itself here, right? So here, just again, the stock, we always have to show and tell back last year, roughly around this time at our trader summit. You know, we ended up following the stock. It was a phenomenal move back then. It went from like six bucks up to like 2,500 phenomenal pop back then. And then even now at this point, you know, going into the market closed, well, hey, what goes up came back down. What went up goes went back down.  As soon as we finished up traders talk actually made that breakout. I jumped in from there. It was a really nice entry. And thankfully it made that proverbial big move that we look for shortly after led to a move well over eight where I got out.  And from there broke a lower low. And well, we know it's going to happen once this begins to make a lower low. So this only continued to dump off much lower from there. And yeah, now at this point, I think that we're pretty much done with this HKD, you know, hey, maybe if it's showing good strength going up again, check in with it tomorrow, but notice how far is that. So it's not going to be my first thought. I think this will continue to dump off over time. Yeah, we'll see that as we go from top to bottom, really from here, I mean, the folk trade FULC number two percent gainer here, we'll go over that briefly. We went over that for the most part in our workshop, though, VFS, this thing exploded from 20 up to 47, I guess. I didn't notice it until right now, honestly here. So it's up over 120 percent. The reason I didn't notice it is because a, well, hey, we were on the cheaper, the better HKD. And I say better because well, look at the order book right now, even here, it's just on a huge spread in volume out there. You were gambling if you were trying to, you know, trade the stock. And hey, if anyone traded it, I hope that you made some money on it, but we weren't calling it out though, honestly here. So no, now at this point, it's pretty flat for right now. Definitely will pass on to here. The order book was more filled in. I'd give it a go, but let's see if there's something better. All right. So the full trade, I mean, I guess you could actually say zooming in here a little bit. It's trying to trend back up, isn't it? Off of 560 now at 580. So I'm going to write this down for our side list. I'll come back to it if I really need to. Great book, great volume on the order book right there. And you know, made a nice pop in pre-market, made a better move after the open, just failed to make that much higher high from that point and looked to fill the gap that we have from the daily chart. So I'll come back to it if I need to hear the full trade and keep it going. We keep it moving. CNSP, a nice pop from after traders talk, just it was on low volume to begin. So easy to say, but thankfully the order book became more liquid. More people started to follow the stock. It's not really during the best time of the day. So, you know, if you'd missed out on this stock, rightfully so, because, you know, hey, normally we teach our students, follow us in the mornings, follow us in the later part of the afternoon, not the early afternoon.  Every day myself, like on 20 different stocks, you know, there's a bunch of stuff that I'm not looking at during the less opportune time. So, hey, maybe this can make a better play for us later on. I wish it was closer to the high of the day here at this point. So for that reason, I'll pass, but let's see what else we got. HKD, same deal. We just went over that one, though, at least. So, all right. So otherwise here, NVACs made a nice little move from the morning session as well. Trying to go back up, actually, and this one we're pretty familiar with just in general, you know, just COVID vaccine stock from back then, and we traded on the way up, traded on the way down, trading it left and right here. And for right now, trying to make a move back up towards the highs. You got an iceberg, a pair of them, not just one, you got two, right here at 9.50 and also at 9.53. So, at 29,000 roughly at 9.50, and then a clean 20K at 9.53. That definitely is your bigger resistance for right now. So, yeah, we'll slip this on here. NVACs looks decent here for right now this afternoon. TWOU, a little slow for my liking here. So, you know, if it pops later on during this meeting, then let me know. I'll come back to it if I need to. Probably say that on a lot of different trades at least here at this point, like this VLD, a nice chart, but volume definitely is flat. Had the NSSC stock back from yesterday, ended up dropping off like 50 plus percent, I think at one point. Made a nice little recovery in the afternoon and had a nice pop-up a little bit higher here this morning, trying to fill a gap of its own here on the daily chart. You know, it's at the highs, which I like right now. It's still holding there. I wish the order book was more liquid, but it's on a decent enough spread here where it has jumped around too much.  NSSC, hopefully the spread doesn't open up too much once it breaks out higher. All right, what else we got here? What else we got? PFIE, dead. All right, just kind of skimming through here.  Trying to sift through.  I guess right now it's trying to eat back up a little bit, isn't it? It's just a couple of pennies off from its high. I'll come back to it again at the end. Not fully committed yet, but sideless material here. And that might just about be it from the gainer side here, though. We'll check in with anything else, though, at the end, just for all of our students like Leda or John or Margaret, Rick, Larry, Jason, just let me know if there's anything I'm missing at first. I'll hop over to the loser side and see if there's anything looking good from there. SOS, what goes up comes back down. So easy to say that, but it is shortable. I'm not really too jumpy to follow it, though, just looking at how ill-liquid the order book is. And honestly, Dix Sporting Goods here, DKS, Dix Sporting Goods for $112. It's actually as liquid looking at the order book as this $6 stock is. So if you're trying to find the tradable stock, it's got to carry great liquidity at least. Macy's is that. It does carry great liquidity on the order book. It was a great short from the morning session here coming off bad earnings. Only continued to dump off lower going into the early afternoon, or even up until just now a moment ago, just bottomed out roughly over $12.50, squeaking up a little bit. But yeah, for right now, I'll slip Macy's on the watch list, the main one. See if this continues and trend down. You know, it's funny. I was forgetting what ticker Nordstrom was. I thought it was JKS or some reason my dyslexia getting in my way, JWN. So they're dropping off with Macy's and you could say the same with Kohl's, right? Kohl's KSS. Actually, this is just a really clean drop off right now, much better than Macy's even. Hey, I'll slip Macy's on there because it's down the most. It was the one from the morning session. I'm gonna slip KSS on our watch list because it's much closer to the low of the day there. The other one Nordstrom, no real need to put that on our list, that Macy's got Kohl's here. So those are the two that will focus out of like the department store stocks coming off debt earnings. IQ, GPS, not a whole lot to write home about. This is down more than 5% in short of, oh, gap actually, this is gap. So with in line with Macy's and Kohl's and Nordstrom, GPS gap, I guess taking a bit of a hit there too, right? I guess I could add that with Kohl's since it's basically right at the lows there, right? I mean, a little bit slower than KSS, but if you're looking for more of like a slower level one or category one type of short, this would be it. Brian says Kohl's has earnings tomorrow morning. There you go. So the earnings report was Macy's today, Macy's specific, but they're all gonna kind of move in sympathy, right? So it is more interesting to note at least that Kohl's has their earnings tomorrow and probably keep these stocks pretty volatile throughout this week. So that's good to know. Samsung, AOI has made a certain degree of recuperation. It has very, very, very low volume per minute though. Only about like 1,300 shares a minute. So that is just gonna be a tough one to see, trying to really pop up higher unless if all of a sudden there's a huge boost in volume getting filled suddenly. CNSP, got the Folk, HKD, all of those we covered already. And appreciate the recommendations. If there's anything else that looks good or might seem worth watching folks, type it in. Okay, I'll give you my thoughts. I'll let you know. There could always be one that slips past me and if it looks good for you, just type it in the chat board. Let me know. I'll go through the sideless stocks. I said I'd get back too. So that being the Folk trade, FULC, it's going. I'll slip it on our main list now at this point. It looks decent here. TWOU, yeah, it doesn't look terrible. We should made a pop sooner than later or started to trade a little bit more volume per minute. So I'll pass there a little bit. And for right now, I'll pass on each UYA, but both of the last two, the TWOU and each UYA, both are like 100% tradable. It's just that, I feel like they're a little slow. I think they're a little stagnant. So once we see those stocks pop, if they do, then we'll call them out. But I like what we got so far, the Folk trade, the Envax trade, those two on the way up notably. Then in the shorts, hey, the Macy's, the Kohl's, the GPS on the way down. It could be a great afternoon to work with folks, and plus who knows, there could be one or two more otherwise that pops going into 330. So you know what I'm going to say? Start and stick with this watch list. It's going to give you the best opportunity to at least catch a runner from this point forward. And then we'll check in with the other sideless stocks as Richard jumps on the mic around three o'clock or afterwards, all right? For all of a sudden, social media, Facebook, Live, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, et cetera. Last call, let me know if there's anything else that you'd want me to check out or look at here. Just post to my email here, just right on the stream, josh at ctutrading.com. Any questions, thoughts, comments, suggestions, feel free to let me know. But otherwise though, feel free to join our live trading room as well. I'm just going to post that QR code on the top left of that stream right there. So make sure that you scan that QR code if you haven't joined our live trading room yet. Join members like Carol, Craig, Ira, Leda, Richard, Thomas, Brian, Sam, et cetera. And then here, I think that we're pretty much all done here, folks. Just last call in Benzinga. Not much looking good. Not much really popping otherwise, so I'll take it. Hey, best of luck trading going into the market closed, folks. I'll be in the chat board up until 3.30 and then otherwise just for all of us collectively here. We'll catch back with everyone, if not later on this afternoon, then just come tomorrow morning. Talk to you soon. Take care.


in the county and this year again let a county chamber is hoping to make it a full-on celebration joined in studio by two members of the the committee, Leonard Watson and the ex-president of vanilla rabbit are you are you used to that description now the former president but i can't let go i can't let go particularly with the parade i so desperately wanted to be involved in it highland is actually sponsoring this year's parade so yeah the year first year after exactly it's like we're sponsoring i'm i i'm determined that you know the whole of dunny god just knows that i'm in control well that's uh that's from the ex-president now Leonard she's actually stole my line there was actually look my first line was i'm delighted to announce that highland radio are our main sponsors of our saint patrick's day parade um i'm the next president i'm not mistaken Leonard well we're thinking of maybe even throwing a coup in here like if you get through the back in here right well let's all start here then so anyhow um thanks for coming in uh the parade one of the biggest in the county obviously and it's great for the biggest in the country so biggest okay all right um well you respect biggest town i suppose biggest parade um and it's always a great day because see the ninflux and i've seen it year after year just the lead up to the parade and you see the line to traffic coming into the town people getting parked up families in particular um so you want the parade to be as big and as colorful and as joyful as possible you are john it's just a good family day's fun like you know a slight entertainment but you know what we've got a great mix and you know it's a real inclusive day it's all about bringing people together to celebrate our national day like so again like we've a lot lined up this year i've just looking there now parade starts at 3 p.m we've entertainment on the street from 2 p.m uh calum kevney's on the main stage we have the uk lily band outside me getting in we've got a french band i think there's 13 musicians on it outside blake's bar but then you've got all the local local teams sports groups community groups dance groups bands with rally cars vintage cars the the odd tractor probably thrown on there we have to work always the odd tractor but you know we're even still at this late stage where anybody who wants to take part in the parade or you know as part of a band part of a community group you know contact the chamber office and you know give them your details you know that's important and groups um whether you are part of a band or a football club or a community group whatever it is you know just come together and put your proposal to the chamber and get into the parade absolutely i mean the chamber runs this event really because it's not like if we make any money off it and sometimes people even ask why does the chamber get involved in it and the reason why we get involved is because it's such an amazingly fun day and it's so great to see the town full of families and kids and just the level of enjoyment off it is just fantastic last year there was cues around the corner for ice creams and sweets and all kinds of things so it's just fantastic people getting their photograph taken and our photo boots and that so what we really want is absolutely anybody to come together it doesn't even matter if you're not even like a formal you don't have to be a formal group if you're a formal club if you're kind of like a mummy's coffee morning you want to get together dress up throw you know a few colors on yourselves and get a few balloons and walk down we're delighted to highlight your group as well as a chance to get it you know hundred percent profile for them yeah absolutely we get loads of different you know there's some schools crushes clubs but anybody at all can walk together if you have a book club and you want to walk together get together if you're starting something and you'd like to get more people involved that this is a great way for the for people in the town and it surrounds to see that your club is up and going and to think to themselves oh god i'd love to do something like that maybe that would be fun we also can help people a small bit we're kind of constrained but we have the ability to help people and sort out some of their flows if they contact us earlier and we can help them as much as we can but really it's not even that you need a lot of stuff with you it's just you know get your get your streamers get your people out and get balloons dress up nicely you know dress up a bit of color and have a bit of fun that's what it's about it's all a bit of crack about a help available Leonard that's sometimes a criticism that's aimed at the parade and that you know why isn't it more arty why isn't it more like the one in Galway um but that comes a big expense than just the the budget wouldn't be there for to help to help groups like that would it John listen we a couple years ago we went and looked for something of these big characters and actually what they're going to cost us more than our whole budget so you attend they but I will I have to come in here and say the local again Highland reader or main sponsor but also local businesses have shown up this year again I would say we'll have sponsors from over a hundred businesses in the town which is massive local independent business shop local as a big one I would say but you know what and even then we have our local volunteers our local chamber all the members will be out on the day volunteering um there'll be bucket collectors on the day throw a few bob in the bucket does go to help pay for the paid paid costs absolute fortune to put on just with everything so but I have to say thank you to all the local businesses as well for the put their hand their pockets again and it all goes to help put it it's a great family day and you know what for now that's right come out and support you're you're giving back to your community too you'll come out be in the parade you know and just and there's not that many big family one-off family family days like this so it's an opportunity and an opportunity early in the year to you know bring the kids out watch the parade get some sweets along the way or as you were saying earlier there's plenty of activities on beforehand and even you know sometimes maybe to stay afterwards for yes there's always there's always something going on like to entertain well like we had we had one entertainer on the street last year um Orson I forget what his group's called but it was a viral sensation you know they dressed up as old people that had danced on the street absolutely massive on the internet so there's there's gonna be a couple of surprises here and there but as vanilla said to the photo booths the photo frame things that just family memories that's what it's all about and let's not forget it is a national day yes oh absolutely today to celebrate our our identity it is and I think traditionally if we all think back on St Patrick's Day what do you think about is going out with your parents going out with your family going down to the wherever you are the local praise going out exactly going down to the local parade seeing people dressed up getting involved in it you know kids love to be marching in it it doesn't matter what they're marching for it if it's a club or if it's a school or for whatever they just love to get involved in it and you always see loads of kids involved even in with organizations that aren't necessarily kids organizations but people bring their children with them for it and it's just lovely to see and like I said you don't have to go crazy with it it's more about coming having a good time you know dress up and nice bright colors and that kind of thing you know you don't have to be going mad get some balloons going few streamers whatever it is that people want to do and and just be part of it and show that you're part of the community and every year we're always really grateful as well we also have like the volunteer organization here in in Dunningall another Kenny they always come up and give us some give us a hand with being stewards and then they always have a group that marches in it's also a way for new residents in letter Kenny and in the surrounds to come and say we're here come and talk to us and come and meet us so that's a beautiful way of just showing the inclusion that is you know wonderful part of being living here in letter Kenny and Dunningall and the most important thing is if you are in the parade or if you're going to join the parade bring sweets the sweets aren't just for the volunteer but it helps yeah but also like to thank the local Gardie every year now in fairness there's a lot of organization and they they're never found wanting to they're always plenty of numbers in the street net they're always helping us out you know so again thank you to local Gardie Tula well it's it's tried and tested and it works well every year there's a lead up to it and it all happens you know comes together fairly quickly and then afterwards it's all you know the barriers come down and the traffic goes back to normal fairly quickly afterwards which is amazing given that when you go down the main street or wherever the size of the crowds but you know people drift off and then you know and business as usual and people get moving around as as as they normally would really quickly afterwards but it takes takes a wee bit of planning and effort that's a lot of planning like even there's some some days you look at half two before the parade you think and where's the crowd and then all of a sudden they just come from everywhere like last minute I says you know but it's thousands like you know but it's it's just a great as great family day and you what get out there and and you what and fairness me and Fennel had both dry days for Paddy's day so there's pressure now and Claire to have a nice dry day for hers to there yeah there you go because it's nice because like do I always look at it is this is the start of the summer you know we have a long long winter and obviously we've had a bit of cold and a bit of snow when we shouldn't have had it so I always think paddies that's the start of it there's suddenly kind of you know that's the last day that you're going to be wearing the coat you're going to step down then into your we've all had days we've been standing out of the parade hail showers or getting absolutely dry that's always a bit better this year we're building last year that was lovely last year was kind of warm last year wasn't it it was beautiful yeah all right if anybody's last thing thinking yeah maybe we could put in a float into the parade or just march in or you know walk in the parade just contact the chamber from where in full that's great thanks all right thanks absolutely take care thanks association was fun


Hello everybody and welcome back to the regular Expression Python series. In this lesson we're going to be taking a look at Regex character classes. Now these character classes are just going to make it a little bit easier to identify specific patterns within our string or text that we're going to be working with. At the very bottom you should actually recognize some of these patterns like with these brackets A through Z or A through Z. This is actually very similar to using something like the backslash capital D. And so there are ways you can shorten and make this a little bit easier as well as look for certain unique things. Now one thing to mention really quickly is there is one on here and I just could not find a good visual for this. But there is another one on here called backslash w which stands for boundary. We'll also look at that in this lesson even though I couldn't find anywhere that talked about it. But if we look really quickly we have backslash D which matches digits. Usually the capital letter is the opposite of that. So then we have capital D which matches any non-digit. Backslash W matches any alpha numeric character and then the backslash W or capital W is the opposite of that. Backslash S stands for matching white space and then capital S is non-white space. So we're going to be taking a look at all these and how we can use them. Let's scroll right down here. And let's start off by creating our quote or our string. We'll call this quote in this lesson and we can say my name is Neo. My phone my phone number is random numbers. There we go and that's one too many in here. Go and then we'll say my email is the matrix man at gmail.com. Neo uses gmail I'm pretty sure. So let's go ahead and create this and let's see how we can use these character classes. So what we're going to do is re.find all and again we're using our quote. So we're just going to specify that. Now let's start off with probably the easiest or the simplest one which is backslash D. This stands for digits. So we're looking for the digits which are all right here. So go ahead and run this and of course I need to actually import a regular expression. So let me put this up here import regular expression run our quote again. There we go. So now we have all of our numbers all broken out. Now what if I wanted to look for more digits. I could use these squiggly brackets and I could say I want to look for three digits. Now let's run this. Now we're grouping the digits based off of three. We're looking for three digits in a row. So now we have five three four right here three four two right here but then this has one two three four there's four digits here but it only takes the first three. This would be extremely similar. If we did like this and we said zero dash nine and if we run this we get this exact same output but this one's just a little bit longer and we can go ahead and specify other things in this as well. I personally have found that when I'm working with digits I'm looking for all the numbers so I tend to find myself using this one quite a bit more than using the brackets with zero dash nine in it but if we took this very similarly and instead of the lowercase d we did a capital D if we run this it's going to take everything that is not a number so all of the non-numeric numbers even the periods and the spaces and all that stuff and the dashes right here in between the numbers so it's taking literally every single thing except for the numbers it's the opposite of the lowercase d. Now let's copy this and we're just going to go right down here and we're going to take a look at backslash w and again this is our alphanumeric character so if we go down here say re.findall and we're say comma quote and when we do a backslash w we're going to almost get everything except we're really taking out all the fillers all the periods all the white spaces all the dashes all of these things are taken out now what if we change this to a capital W we'll get the exact opposite so now we're taking all of those filler things we're taking all the spaces all the dashes the periods the at signs we're taking all of those things which is the exact opposite of what we get with the lowercase w now let's go ahead and copy this quote we'll come down once again now we're going to be taking a look at the backslash s now lowercase s is going to match any white space characters like spaces tabs new lines or things like that if I say re.findall become a quote we're just going to do backslash s keep it really really simple so backslash s now it's going to take the white spaces which is spaces tabs or new lines it's not going to take things like periods it's not going to take things like dashes or at signs it's just looking mostly at white space now if we do a capital s and just like this we're looking at everything but the white space now it's every single character except things like spaces or tabs or enter which is the backslash n or new line so now it's the exact opposite that's all the backslash lowercase s and capital s that's all that is now the next one that we're going to take a look at is going to be was going to be backslash b which is boundary and I think that one's really interesting but before I do that I am going to show you too that I almost never ever use almost ever but I'm going to show it to you anyways just so that you know I feel like I've showed you everything I'm not withholding things from you um and what we're going to do is read dot find all and actually put right here we'll look at the backslash a and backslash z we're doing read dot find all we'll do comma quote and what we're going to do going to use our quotes and say backslash a backslash a and z are kind of like a carrot and a dollar sign in the meta characters you're looking at the beginning and the end of a string now if I just run this I'm going to get nothing but what if I looked for a bracket and I did like e to z or a dash z a dash z and let's run this now I was able to find the very first character because we were looking at capital M so we found that but if we did z now that's not going to work much like the dollar sign this needs to go at the end now if we want to look at the end so let's run this now we found the M at the very end these two I almost never use unlike when you're using a carrot and a dollar sign I feel like the A and the Z are just pretty much they're redundant they do the exact same thing as something else in the exact same way except you use backslash z instead of just doing something like a dollar sign which gives you the same output and the dollar sign I think is just easier to spot easier to visualize and whenever I use it in my actual job that's how everyone else did it as well no one ever used those backslash z's or a's so again just wanted to show it to you but not something that I really actually use if I'm being honest now let's go on to B which stands for boundary now for this one we are going to actually use a different quote I will keep it on the similar theme we'll say I love the matrix is matrix love a word question mark now this makes absolutely no sense but it'll make sense in just a second let's go ahead and bring this down and we're gonna get rid of all of this and if we want to search for just the matrix we can do that let's go ahead and search and we're able to find both but we can use these lowercase b's as boundary points so we're gonna say backslash b and then backslash b so we're looking for a boundary on the left hand side a boundary on the right hand side kind of like white space and what we can do is look for that we're not getting an output let's actually all right here there we go so this represents raw string so now we're looking at a raw string literal that's what this is called I'm not going to go into what all that means but basically it'll change this from just a regular string into a raw string literal which sometimes definitely can matter in regular expression and we'll look at that in the next lesson but just wanted to show that to you so putting that quick fix but we're looking at boundaries so we have a boundary on the left hand side we have a boundary on the right hand side it's only going to pick up this matrix because this has l o v e on the right hand side has a boundary on the left it does not have a boundary on the right now if I get rid of this second boundary right here I run this we'll get both because this matrix has a boundary on the left and this matrix also has a boundary on the left now what if I wanted to use the capital b let's do the capital b let's run this neither of these work and that's because we're looking for a non boundary and so we're looking for matrix but on the left hand side we have no boundary and that could either be a period or it could be another letter so if you just got rid of this right here we're looking for a matrix but with a non boundary which should be that m we should be able to find both of those so those are our character classes and the meta characters and the character classes separately when you're learning them in two different lessons they may not fully 100 percent make sense and I try to do my best to visually see it but where it really shines is when you're looking for actual patterns so in the next lesson we'll be looking at use cases so real use cases where you can use all these things in combination to specify very specific patterns and that's really the power of regular expression so again this is the end of the character classes lesson thank you so much for watching if you like this video be sure to like and subscribe below and I'll see you in the next lesson


So without any further ado, this is talk number two today. We have two more talks tomorrow. I'd like to introduce Zana. She's going to take care of our musical scales of cyber warfare. Take it away. Welcome. My name is Jana. And I'd like to thank the Data Duplication Village for this opportunity to share my research with you on the law of war in cyberspace. But more importantly, I'd like to thank you for taking time out of your schedule today from DEF CON to share that with me to learn about the musical scales of cyber warfare. So whether your background is in law, technology, policy, or academia, this is a beginner's guide to understanding the basic legal principles that drive cyber and international conflict. Now, you might be wondering, why did she use a music analogy? Well, the American poet Longfellow wrote that music is the universal language of mankind. So by using that analogy here, I hope to engage a broader cross-section of the community to discuss these issues. By bringing more participants, more cyber stakeholders to the table, we can better strategize how to mitigate conflict in this domain and strategize for peace. Now, if you do have a basic understanding of how to play the piano, you will be at a slight advantage. But if you don't, that's perfectly fine. Not only will you walk away from this presentation with an understanding of the basic principles of war, but also a little bit on how to play the piano. So only at DEF CON would you get both of those. In terms of my research work on this, I compiled this while working as a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center Cybersecurity Project. This presentation will also draw upon my research work, which I published with the Houston Law Review online. So with the preliminaries out of the way, let's dig in. Core terminology. Now, the main takeaway point developed by a group of government experts internationally offers under Rule 30 the following definition.  So what do we have here in this definition? We have the loss of human life and then some form of physical damage. But what about data? This talk, after all, is for the data duplication village. It would seem remiss to not at least mention harm to this form. Other scholars have advocated for less of a preoccupation with direct physical effects and the broadening of that harm spectrum to include data. Specifically, Professor Matthew Waxman at Columbia Law University had the following to say. He said that a cyber attack should include the effort to alter, disrupt, or destroy computer systems, networks, information, or programs on them. But to present to you the other side of the debate, there are others saying, time out here. The problem isn't that we don't have an international legal definition of what is a cyber attack. The real problem is that we don't have a consensus on what misconduct in cyberspace needs to be stopped. And I'd like to read to you some comments from Senator Mark Warner that he offered several months ago at the National Security Agency's Law Day, which are available on Lawfare's blog. Senator Warner bemoaned the lack of clarity on what cyber activities are tantamount to an attack. And he said that failing to articulate a clear policy and to set expectations about when and where we will respond to a cyber attack isn't just bad policy. It's downright dangerous. So I highlight to you these different definitions, these different visions on what a cyber attack should be defined as to underscore the point that this field is very much still in development. And I commend you for taking the time today to learn the basic principles. It'll be worth your time. Next up, cyber operations. Continuing with the music analogy, consider a cyber operation as one instrument in a grand symphony orchestra of power. The maestro, take your pick of a state actor or a non-state actor, cues the cyber section, sometimes in conjunction with other sections to produce the right pitch. And that can be a political effect, a social effect, a military effect, economic. It works together. Now the US Department of Defense categorizes cyber operations in three areas. There's offensive cyber operations which are about projecting power to your adversary. Then there's defensive cyber operations, which is about protecting data, networks, the information on them. Last but not least, you have Department of Defense information network operations. Now if you're wondering how gray zones fit into this, hold on, we will get to that area. It is very exciting, more to come on that. The US Supreme Court Justice, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. remarked that the right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins. Now apart from sounding like a code of conduct for an 18th century gentleman's fight club, this is actually, that we can finally turn to our first note on the piano keyboard. We have middle C. So just as your first point when you're learning how to play a song on the piano, you placed your thumb on middle C. Similarly here, your first starting point, United Nations Tartar and Customary International Law. So I'll be building upon that analogy. Now I'm gonna walk the caters of formula on what is a cyber attack, correction please, on what is a use of force? We do have some clarity. We have some common examples. And I'd like to read to you Harold Coe's description of those three examples. He was a former legal advisor to the US State Department. Mr. Coe said that the following constitutes a use of force in cyberspace. One, operations that trigger a nuclear plant meltdown. Two, operations that open a dam above a populated area causing destruction. And three, operations that disable air traffic control resulting in plane crashes. So what do these three examples share in common? Will they all reference some form of loss of human life or catastrophic damage? Next, turning to the right of self defense. How do we define an armed attack in this situation? Well, we need to turn to our first case law which was decided in 1986 by the International Court of Justice. It was a case called Nicaragua versus the United States. While the International Court of Justice did not explicitly define an armed attack, it did describe the general nature as the following. Acts which can be treated as constituting armed attacks. Specifically, if such operations because of its scale and effect, those are the key words and we'll be echoing them throughout this presentation. Because of its scale and effects would have been classified as an armed attack rather than as a mere frontier incident, had it been carried out by regular armed forces? Thus, the scale and effects of an operation are requisite inputs for evaluating an armed attack which in turn provides the legal basis for the victim state to respond under Article 51. One point I'd like to highlight before we go any farther on the musical scale is that just like in music theory, you have a treble clef and a bass clef and playing piano, notes that guide the player on what notes to play. Here, we have two different legal regimes. We have the use adbellum and the use embello. Now, for those of you that are frightened by the Latin phrases, you could think of it as use one, that is the preliminary phase that you write leading up to war. Then there's a triggering event and then we have the use embello, the law governing how war is carried out. You can think of it as use two. With that, we are ready to move on to our first scale, octave set one, which is how states evaluate an armed response to an aggressive act in cyberspace. Step one, the victim state needs to evaluate what type of harm was produced. Here we have a de minimis damage or injury threshold. How I like to conceptualize it, which might be helpful for you, when I see de minimis damage or when I hear armed attack, I think high level destruction. It's an easy way just to cut to the wick. Here, did the state suffer a de minimis damage, high level destruction in the form of a cyber attack? Now that analysis is going to take in a variety of factors. You're going to look at the time, place, manner surrounding circumstances and not all of it will be known at the time of the attack, so it is a flexible analysis. But assuming that we have an act that does rise to that level of being an armed attack, next step, we need to be able to identify the proper legal basis under international law to respond with force. Now, if the US is performing this analysis, we also need to ground it in domestic law, such as the War Powers Resolution Act. Now, one point I'd like to highlight here is that the majority view in the international community, which is beautifully summarized by Michael Schmidt, who's a professor at the Naval War College, said that all armed attacks are uses of force, but not all uses of force are armed attacks. The US, however, does not subscribe to this view. In the use ad bellum, the preliminary phase, we equate a use of force with an armed attack. So with that said, if the state has determined that there is not enough damage to rise to that level of being an armed attack, what are their options then? Well, they have two modes of recourse. They can appeal to the United Nations Security Council under Article 39, and they can employ non-forcible countermeasures. And what I mean by that is economic sanctions, diplomatic efforts, and also legal sanctions. And we've seen this in practice. In January 2017, the US Department of Justice issued indictments against several Iranian hawkers for engaging in impermissible cyber activities with ties imputed to the state. And also we saw the Department of Justice issue sanctions and indictments against China, several Chinese hackers for engaging in commercial economic espionage. With that, we can move on to our second scale of anticipatory self-defense. So this scale in yellow, you'll notice a pattern that will be going out on the keyboard. Here, this scale displays the range of permissible activity when a state is evaluating how to respond anticipatorily. Now, the US Army Law of Armed Conflict Deskbook defines it as follows. It's force that's justified anticipation of an imminent attack, and imminent, that is the key word here to emphasize. The difference between a permissible act of anticipatory self-defense and an impermissible act of preventative self-defense lies in the state's ability to demonstrate a decision by the aggressor state to attack it. For anticipatory self-defense to be lawful, there is a high standard of proof. And rightly so, this requirement goes beyond merely proffering evidence of the state's hostile intent, but also evidence of some pending attack. So there's a temporal requirement there that needs to be met. To that end, the complexities of pairing evidentiary standards with attribution in reality makes this a difficult analysis for the state to do in a timely manner when faced with an imminent attack. So I will need to pivot here to discuss attribution. While this could be a talk in and of itself, there's a misconception that I'd like to clear up. Attribution is not a plain vanilla construct. In fact, it comes in a variety of flavors. Now these flavors, these frameworks, if you will, were developed by four different attribution frameworks. And the reason why I'm taking the time to go over these is that the next time you hear the term bandied about, I want you to critically think about what type of attribution framework that speaker is referring to. Let's start with perfect attribution. Now in this type of system, the attribution challenge doesn't exist. Attributes of the sender and recipient are known to both in a timely fashion and at little cost to the investigating party. So in this type of world, we can imagine a surveillance state being happy with this type of outcome and whistleblowers and activists being at a disadvantage because everything is knowable in real time. Perfect nonattribution, turn into the second one. It's the complete opposite of the first one. Here we can imagine the whistleblowers and activists will be happy because they have the perfect nonattribution, the protections of anonymity, the surveillance state, not being happy with that outcome. Third, perfect selective attribution. Here, the actor wants attributes known to some entities, but not to others. So there's a freedom of choice here that is key to the third system. And in this system, you can disclose to your intended party, your name, organization, your internet protocol address, and also your ISP. Fourth, you have false attribution. This would be the ideal petri dish for waging false flag operation. So here it's overpopulated with digital strawmen or you can determine some attributes of the message or the actor, but can you really trust it? Can you really go off on that information to be true? So having highlighted those attribution frameworks, we're going to turn back to our keyboard and have an example of how this would work in theory. So imagine if you will, innocuous state eyes electrical grid was attacked by nefarious state N and accurately attributed to state N. Now in order for state I to be entitled to a use of force against state N under international law, there are three requirements that must be met. So let's take these in turn. One, the victim state's opponent must have decided to actually exploit that system's vulnerabilities. Two, the strike is likely to generate consequences at the armed attack level. And three, the victim state must immediately act to defend itself. Unless all three of these requirements are met, then state eyes response would not be restricted to only non-forceful responses such as economic sanctions or legal action. Also, any act to defend yourself in cyberspace if you are a state has to be grounded in two principles of necessity and proportionality. Proportionality being that you can't escalate the amount of force to counter that threat or that attack. And then you have necessity, which is doing your due diligence to ensure that you've exhausted all other peaceful means of resolution in order to protect yourself in cyberspace, to protect your state. All right, with that, we're moving to octave set three. Now this is the most difficult one to explain and I'll explain why because it involves the doctrine of state responsibility. So with this, let's charge the hill. It does get easier from here. Now, this orange octave labeled here, this demonstrates the range of state action that may be somewhat permissible. And the reason why I'm emphasizing it and saying it like that is that the surrounding circumstances will, including the scale and effects of the operation and the legal status of the aggressor will influence how the victim state can respond. And here the range of qualifying hostile cyber activity can range from writing and executing malicious code, launching a distributed denial of service attack, providing malware or other cyber tools to the party of the conflict. And the state's analysis is further complicated when there are cyber proxy actors involved. In addition to that, that group might be clandestinely receiving the financial support or other forms of support from a state entity. Now, turning to the doctrine of state responsibility, the 2018 US Department of Defense's National Defense Strategy Summary makes clear that states are the principal actors on the international stage. However, non-state actors also threaten the security environments with increasingly sophisticated capabilities. So here, armed attacks from non-state actors, how would a state evaluate that? Well, ultimately the legal analysis hinges on the doctrine of state responsibility and the International Court of Justice's analysis and recommendation has been to evaluate whether an armed attack, the high-level destruction, waged by a non-state actor, can ultimately be imputed back to the state. Thus, if the state has effective control over the cyber operation, waged by a non-state actor, then responsibility can be imputed back. This is a flexible area that's still undergoing development. It's one of the most difficult to explain on the scale, but with some knowledge of how the doctrine of state responsibility operates, hopefully that provides us with a good ground work to evaluate this going forward. Last but not least, we have our final scale here. These are musical notes that you cannot play on the scale that you will not play, preventative self-dispense. Employee to counter non-imminent threats is illegal under international law. You also have acts that don't amount to high-level disruption and what Professor Gary Solis at Georgetown University Law Center has classified as cyber intrusions. It's a cyber operation short of an attack into another state's cyber systems. You can think of routine intelligence gathering, cyber theft, activities that don't amount to the level of an armed attack. So putting this all together, you might ask, that's all fine and well, but what if a state's cyber punch doesn't amount to a use of force? Well, I'm no Rod Serling. I would say we've entered into a fifth dimension in amorphous realm between peace and war. In short, next up ahead, the Twilight Zone. Again, I'm no Rod Serling. It's amazing what you learn in law school, though. Okay, so I like to use this analogy of the Twilight Zone to help highlight the ambiguity between the amorphous realm between peace and war where you have an act in cyberspace that doesn't amount to a cyber punch in the face. It's not high level destruction, but it's still disruptive. It's not intrusion, so it's that amorphous middle ground between the two. You might have heard the term gray zone or gray zone tactics. Now, in 2015, U.S. Army Special Operations Commander Joseph Attelle testified before the House Armed Services Committee talking about gray zone tactics, describing them as tactics that actors leverage as part of a strategy campaign that seeks to secure their objectives while minimizing the scope and scale. It's pretty brilliant when you come to think about it, where it doesn't toll that level of going past and to minimize damage. However, it's still disruptive and it can still deal a blow to your opponent. Now, some case examples of this. In 2014, we're all very familiar with North Korea's intrusion into the networks of Sony Pictures Entertainment. Here are the perpetrators deleted critical information to the extent that it irreparably damaged some of Sony's infrastructure. And indeed, the 2015 U.S. Department of Defense's Cyber Strategy Report references this Sony hack as an example of the political utility of cyber operations. This case demonstrates how cyber operations can present an opportunity for revisionist state actors to challenge the geopolitical status quo. You can affect your opponent's psyche. You can deliver that blow with a relatively low risk of retribution and financial cost. Another more recent example involves the July 2016 email leaks from the U.S. Democratic National Committee and Russia's involvement in undermining the integrity of the 2016 U.S. presidential election and disinformation campaigns. So what is the future of Twilight Zone conflicts? Ultimately, states that employ great tactics in cyber operations, you don't need to be successful in actually infiltrating the system in order to further your revisionist ambitions. Rather, the sheer ramifications from the cyber act in and of itself has the power to disturb the nation's psyche and to grab that international spotlight and attention to challenge the geopolitical status quo that you are a power to be listened to and reckoned with. Going forward, a significant challenge for the United States and for other countries is how to develop tactics that can counter gray-zone tactics. It's one that we won't reach the answer to in this presentation, but we've seen the United States at least respond by pursuing economic sanctions, legal indictments, and other diplomatic efforts to damper gray-zone tactics. But again, it's one that is ongoing. Now, this is the visual summary of consequences to those actions. And going back to Longfellow's words that music is the universal language of mankind here, it is the hope in this presentation by drawing on this analogy that a piece of it resonates with you and that by endeavoring to understand the basic principles of law through music, we can collectively strategize for peace and also may the euphonious sound of peace always appeal to our ears. So I thank you for your attention today. I have a handout on this musical piano legal guide that I'll be distributing. I understand also that I am the last speaker of the day and I stand between you and a lovely dinner in Vegas, which is quite dangerous. So by all means, if you need to leave, I understand. If you have questions, you're more than welcome to stay as well, and I'll be passing out these handouts. Thank you for your attention. That's true. Can you summarize that question for the audience? Sure. So the question asked by the gentleman in blue was the de minimis damage threshold standard that we have, that there must be some high level form of destruction. Does that harm us? Crap, you're new question, right? Does that harm us when we have an attack that is equally disruptive but you don't have a loss of human life or a physical structure, wasn't damaged, but you have the degradation of data. And it goes back to the second slide that I had up there that the definition that currently carries weight is that it has to be tied to a loss of human life or physical kinetic effects. And I agree with you that that type of notion of trying to shoehorn kinetic damage into this new medium of warfare is harmful. We can see how that scenario that you gave or attack on Wall Street would produce very harmful effects. And while it doesn't result in the loss of human life it does have this cascading effect that can spill over into other sectors. I wouldn't be surprised if those areas of the US's structures would be classified as protected critical infrastructure so that if attack were made upon that, that signals that this was protected, you attacked it, now we will respond in a time place and manner of our choosing. It wouldn't necessarily be confined to cyber but the US would respond to protect its critical infrastructure. And in 2017, then DHS Secretary Jay Johnson classified election systems as critical infrastructure to signal to the international community. Thank you for your question. Thank you, so that is an excellent point and the piece on sovereignty, the gentleman had asked what about acts in cyberspace that undermine political sovereignty or the integrity or political independence of that state. And I think that's an excellent point that you've raised in article 24 could be a strong point to underscore that and granted this is all very flexible and still in development but that perspective needs to be heard. Thank you. Yes, very dynamic. When I was conducting this research, the idea of gray zone tactics, I hadn't considered when I first developed the cyber scale. So that's why in now 2018, I tacked it on as a separate slide to describe how this keyboard is still flexible to envelop that but also highlight that there's no international legal definition on what is a cyber attack. And here we've kind of teased out the difficulties referencing what about cyber acts and undermine political sovereignty?  There isn't high level destruction but it's still disruptive. So how can the law be developed to embrace that? Unfortunately, the law is very, oh, I guess it's a mixed blessing actually. The law is very slow in evolving to adapt to the pace of technology and that's your questions today. That is why I developed this presentation so we can have that type of dialogue because it's not being had here. So this is perfect that we're each seeing a different piece of the elephant here and developing a legal definition or some other cyber doctrine that can account for these nuances but still be breathable to absorb new developments. That's the goal. So thank you. Not commenting politically on the statement that you raised. I'd like to highlight a general principle that this is from Madeline Albright in her book, The Mighty and the All Mighty. And she reasons that while countries often do take action outside the UN guidelines which you just raised, despite such violations, the standards in the charter remain relevant. And she reasons that just as laws against murder remain relevant even though murders are, if I understand your question correctly, you're asking about would psychological operations fall in? Yes, so psychological operations would fall into gray zone. So gray zone tactics, subversion, sabotage, economic coercion, information warfare, psychological operations. Yes, that does fall into that category. Thank you for that observation. The observation that the gentleman made was that there's a group of international governmental experts that created the talent manual. There's actually two. There's talent manual 1.1 and then 0.2. The first one talking about cyber conflict in a war setting. He had raised that while it's international, you don't have participation from all international, sorry, participation from all members of the international community, all members of the United Nations Charter. How to bring them to the table? I don't know. It's too bad that we can't have participation from everyone. You can, from a liberalist standpoint, international theory, we want to buy in from all countries to develop these norms that will guide us towards peace. But in reality, some players don't want to participate in this type of a forum thinking that, well, if I do that, I have more to lose potentially. Speaking hypothetically, I don't know how you rebut that other than with facts and with a large number of states coming together. Hopefully there's a bandwagoning effect that more states would want to join in to support this type of a dialogue and definition creation. That's the first that I've heard of it. It sounds like a Chinese faction decided to break off and develop their own discussion on cyber norm building. Interesting, we'll see what comes of that. One would hope that in the spirit of international cooperation, that when you have these states come together, that they would stay committed to trying to develop some consensus. I suppose it's inevitable that some groups will form off and create factions. But thank you for raising that. If there are no further questions, again, thank you all for your time. I appreciate it.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here, so early reviews have started coming out for the upcoming or the soon-to-be-released sequel to Stephen King's novel as well as Kubrick's 1980 classic horror film The Shining the sequel to that Dr. Sleep early reviews started coming out for Dr. Sleep I Actually didn't even know Dr. Sleep existed until I Saw reports coming out that a sequel to The Shining was being made and I thought initially that it was going to have nothing to do With source material, but then I found out that Stephen King did in fact write a sequel to The Shining it released in 2013 Now for the sake of just wanting to enjoy the movie first since the novel's been out already I have not read the novel I do plan on reading it at some point because as of now I've only read The Shining and even then I still need to reread that because it's been a while since I read The Shining But getting into the point of this video early reviews have started coming out for it and Based off of the trailers and everything I was a bit skeptical However, I know Mike Flanigan was involved in he's involved in it and he's the one that brought this all together And everyone knows that he did an amazing job with the haunting of Hill House So despite the trailers not being that impactful to me The second trailer was a step way better way better very nostalgic got me excited, but it just wasn't that it was missing a but early reviews started coming out and Mike Flanigan apparently has delivered a worthy sequel to The Shining now I Don't know what exactly will be going on in the movie like I said before I just know bits and bits and pieces But some of the early reviews have brought attention to how bold it is how it stays close to a coop how it pays pays homage to what Kubrick presented in his adaptation of The Shining because It's universally known that Stephen King hates how Kubrick handled The Shining, but Here he Stephen King has praised Dr. Sleep. He's praised how Mike Flanigan has brought it all together now for those of you who aren't familiar with him Mike Flanigan is the one responsible for a Few Netflix horror films that have been very successful Gerald's game is one and then another one. I believe is a movie with his wife starred in and she was also in the haunting of Hill House I'm trying to think of it hush Both of those were very well-crafted horror films hush being a horror film that puts you in a different perspective of sorts For the audience in the character now to see that he is I Really am not that surprised at early reviews for the film are are very good Mike Flanigan I have yet to see a project from him that hasn't disappointed in terms of the horror genre now, but What what really strikes this what really gets me going about this is there reports are claiming This is the best Stephen King adaptation since the Shawshank redemption now that is a bold claim to make but Given how again this the haunting of Hill House. That was one of the most beautiful haunted house stories that I've ever seen On the television screen or in a in the form of a series. It's very heartfelt. It's very touching. It's also very terrifying Mike Flanigan just does an amazing job. He did an amazing job. Bring you into the world of those characters making you feel for them. I Just I'm really interested to see what he has done here with doctor sleep because I know doctor sleep the novel Got rave reviews and to see that Mike Flanigan somehow has managed to make a successful worthy Predecessor to Kubrick's the shining as well as the novel of the shining Really excited to see it Let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below if you haven't already make sure you subscribe It's on our post notifications so you never miss a video. Are you a fan of the shiny?


I would just go back to sleep, you know, when all of all the things that I looked into in terms of psychology, the amazing things that are coming out, especially now through neuroscience and being able to look at what's going on while we sleep, it's just incredible and sleep is just this amazing thing that is designed personally for you to boost your own immune system in the exact way that it needs to be boosted at that particular point in time. And also, it has just amazing things to do with emotion. So that, for example, if you've had a really troubling experience, gradually through REM sleep and dreaming, what seems to happen is that you gradually detach the painful emotion from the memory which makes you more able to kind of think back and to process it, but also it fine-tunes your ability to read expressions and to deal with emotional experience in the future. So those are two of the, I think, less obvious things, well, maybe perhaps less well known things about sleep. And also, what's nice about that is that it's changed a lot since I first started teaching. When I first started teaching, students were always interested in dreaming, but we didn't really know what it was for, which is crazy because we do so much of it and it uses up so much energy. It's obvious that it must be really important, but to not know really what that was about is just crazy. Neuroscience has really begun to unpick that and it has a lot to do, like I say, with processing emotional experiences. So this is way longer than one thought. So my thought would be sleep eight hours, minimum of eight hours of sleep per night is the bedrock of everything else of all other well-being, I think. And so all of the other stuff, if you're not really focusing on sleep, then all of the other stuff is going to be not going to fall into place as well as it might.


So thanks to my beautiful audience, we have finally discovered what the Screamin' Terribleody Harvest Shield actually does, and while people, it's amazing. How's it going guys? My name is DP Jen, I'd like to thank you for stopping by and checking out the video. If you do enjoy it leaving a like, it really helps me out and subscribe if you want to see more Borderlands. Also guys, if you're a week of giveaway copies of this game to women for yourself or a friend, simply subscribe and make sure you have notifications turned on. Drop a like on this video and leave a comment down below. Okay so the other day I posted a video on the Bloody Harvest Exclusive legendos and how each of these four legendos have hidden perks. These hidden perks are triggered via you being under that terror effect. A terror effect time tree does some great things to these weapons and the shield. The fearmonger shotgun, both the four times and eight times versions gain four additional projectiles at no extra cost to your ammo. The Stalker Sniper Rifle under three stacks of terror gains triple its initial burst of three shots, so it goes from three shots to nine shots at no extra cost to your ammo. And a gas-cool grenade under three stacks of terror? It spawns in almost 50% additional goals. There couldn't even be more here people, I'm not even sure. They all seek and destroy also. The grenade is absolutely amazing and in my opinion the best thing to come out of this Bloody Harvest event. Now the shield in this video I wasn't sure what it actually did. I knew how to trigger its perk but at the same time I had no idea what the effect was doing. So basically unshield break you unleash a scream. When you do this next to an enemy when you're under that three stack of terror their health bars go green and they become immune to your damage. At the time of posting the video I had no idea what this did. So I went with the theory you just basically terrified them. But later on that night I went back to read to me your comments seeing a lot of people mentioning that maybe this turns enemies into allies for a few seconds and while yeah you were a right to sexy bunch of bastards. So thanks to each and everyone who commented and credit to you guys for helping me with this follow video. As looking back over the video a lot of people were guessing that first but a few of you did know what this did. But because the majority actually don't know what this does it makes this video a little more helpful. So thanks again to each and everyone of you. So as you can see now breaking your shield near an enemy while under that terror effect turns them into allies and they fight for you. Not against you and this only lasts about five seconds. Now me being me I wanted to test this a little further. How big of the enemy can you do this on? Because as we know it works on these normal adds these normal size adds and we know it works on small buses like Gigamind. But what about buses like Captain Haunt the big bastard? Can I make him an ally? So a way I went. I will state it didn't seem to work for me unless my shield was full or almost full. When I had a little bit of shield on us working myself it didn't seem to work. So I went to Captain Haunt and it turns out guys yes you can even big buses like Haunt become your ally via using the shields hidden perk. So I wanted to go a step further as I was thinking because they're now your allies will they rush your aid if you need reviving? Well check this out.  Okay so the last thing I wanted to test was to see if this worked on Grave Order as he is the biggest boss in the game. And well although it was at first hard getting close to him without sliding off and dying I actually did it in the end and yes people it even works on Grave Order. Pretty cool if you ask me. Shema can't have him as a pet though. So yeah people testing down the Scream of Terror shield upon being under three stacks of terror releases a secret perk on shield break which turns enemies into allies for around five seconds. How cool is that? Now this is a shield exclusive to the Bloody Harvest event. If you haven't got it now you've got it until the 5th of December when this event ends to get the shield because when this event does end on the 5th of December or the full exclusive legendos towards this event do disappear. So get what you need people. But on that note we have come to the end of the video. If you guys enjoyed it leave it a like it really helps out if you're new around here and want to see more Borderlands videos be sure to subscribe and if you never want to miss a video I upload you can turn notifications on by hitting that bell button. But guys thanks as always for stopping by hopefully you enjoyed the video and hopefully I will see you on the next one.