I'd like to invite the panelists for our next session up to the stage, Gabriela Cuomo, Executive Director of Fintech Open Source, David Treat, Managing Director of Blockchain and Metaversa at Accenture, Jennifer Lassiter, Executive Director of the Digital Dollar Project, and Morton Beck, Head Center for the Swiss Innovation Lab at BIS. Thank you for joining us today. I'd like to invite all the panelists to do a brief introduction of the work that you do and also just maybe, given the topic of our panel, your first introduction into open source. Shall I go first? Okay, my name is Gabriela Colombro, Executive Director of Finas, we are the Fintech Open Source Foundation and we enabled really old constituencies of the financial services industry to collaborate through open source. We've been operating now for six years and since two years we joined the Linux Foundation, so we are a hyperledger sister foundation, I would say. We've been really growing in terms of banks, buy sides, regulators, and now Fintech's increasingly joining the open source collaboration, which is quite unprecedented. And if you ask my first introduction to open source, it was about 15 years ago as an open source committer to the Apaches Software Foundation. It's pretty different back then. I think I had dreadlocks. Dave Treet, in this context, so I founded Accenture Blockchain Practice back in 2015, and then almost immediately, shortly thereafter, I spoke with Brian Bellendorf and said, hey, let's get involved with hyperledgers. It was a founding board member with hyperledger and one of our main focal points right from the beginning, actually. We took a look at where were the deepest value pools, the most important spaces to work on, and it really came down to digital currency, digital identity, and supply chain, and so digital currency has been a focus of ours from the start. My first intro to open source, nobody lets me code anymore. I remember using open source, but I think really my awareness of the governance of open source and actually what open source projects are was really Brian sitting me down and convincing me that hyperledger was the right thing to start. He's a great ambassador for that. He was the ambassador, yeah, drew me in from just being a user to helping to try. And you failed to mention you're actually our new governing board chair of hyperledger foundation as well. Yes. Jennifer. Jennifer Lassiter with the digital dollar project. We are a nonprofit based out of the United States that's focused on bringing the private sector together to do exploration of a US central bank digital currency. My first exposure to open source does not date as far back as these gentlemen sadly, because that's amazing, but started in 2012 with my work at the consumer financial protection bureau. And when that agency was opened, it was open source first, and we had the first open source policy in any financial regulator, and we helped support the then Obama administration and drafting the first US federal open source policy for the US government. So it was amazing. More than back, I hit up the Swiss center of the BIS innovation hub. The Bank for International Settlement of the BIS has been promoting monetary and financial stability through international cooperation for over 90 years. And for the last two years, we've been doing it through innovation. And we started out with three centers in Hong Kong, Singapore, Switzerland, and we've just opened up in London and Stockholm as well. And later this year, we'll have a Euro system one and even later one in Toronto. We also have a strategic partnership with the Federal Reserve. So my introduction to open source has really been through the projects that we've been doing in the BIS innovation hub. So it's fairly recent compared to the rest of the panel. Thank you. I love hearing all the stories. I guess I just ate myself. Well, we all have to start somewhere, right? So before we dive into our discussion, I think it's always helpful to level set on a definition of what open source technology means to you from your different perspectives. So anyone can jump in here. You know, some people think that just, you know, posting your code on GitHub means you're doing open source. So if you could share a little bit about how you define open source technology and collaboration. Happy to take a stab at it. I mean, some people even say I'm doing open source because I'm buying red hats, which doesn't really make a lot of sense. But well, look, baseline doing open source means having a project that is under an open source license. So an Apache license, a GPL license, really any of the licenses that are approved under the open source definition that is maintained by the open source initiative. That said, as you mentioned, you know, most of the times it doesn't just take throwing some code out there in GitHub. A, to build a community. B, to actually solve critically, you know, strategic problems for an industry like you're sort of looking at doing here between Phinos and the digital dollar project and Hyperledger.   So, you know, I'm a big fan of promoting open governance, not for every single open source projects, but for the sort of type of projects where you have competitors in different constituencies collaborating amongst each other. I don't know what you guys think.  Yes. You know, it's incumbent upon them to gather, you know, a wide range of industry input to build the right thing and then it's done in a deeply proprietary manner behind closed doors and their whole, you know, that business model is to then generate a massive amount of trust in that it's highly effective, safe, you know, secure code, you know, alternatively for, you know, for, you know, for certainly the utility or common applications that support the entirety of financial services or other industries, you know, that there's a really appealing alternative in open source, which is because everyone can see the open source code, right, the, you know, the quality of that code is provably better generally. And, yeah, this is coming from someone who helps in the, you know, develop software. So, you know, it's, there's a Linux where it's an order of magnitude, fewer bugs per line of code in open source because everyone can see it.  And then therefore that ability to address, you know, security, you know, the cost advantages of having multiple parties engage with it, you know, is all incredibly compelling. So, this notion of developing, recognizing the common, you know, our common needs and then being able to get a community rallied around, you know, around, you know, building quality code to address those needs just is, I think, more and more critical. But not everyone sees all those benefits that you just mentioned. So, you know, what are some of the misconceptions that we see in this space about open source, right? There's the log4j that was in the news a lot recently. What do people not understand about it and don't necessarily fully understand maybe about the benefits that you just mentioned? Yeah, please weigh in. But I mean, log4j is an example, right? There was a scathing set of articles around like, oh, this is the end of open source because the source of, you know, of the vulnerability came from an open source project. That is a very myopic viewpoint, right? All software has bugs and issues and flaws. And so, for me personally, if you balance the ability to, you know, to look into proprietary code behind a firewall and figure out where the problem occurred, it's incumbent upon the software developer to really self, to find that themselves versus the open source code where immediately the entire world can evaluate that code, find the flaw, address it, you know, in an open manner. That is a much faster path to, if you just accept that humans write code, we all make mistakes, like there's gonna, you know, or just not anticipate everything. And if you make the assumption that there will be bugs and security flaws in software, would you rather have complete transparency that anyone can help find it and see it and we can all evaluate it and there can be, you know, thousands of people or it's all on one company to basically self, you know, self assess. So, you know, to me, it's, it wasn't a scathing indictment of open source. It was a confirmation of, you know, how they work together. You know, and to Gab's point, right, it's, it then, what it does is raises the real, raises the awareness of the importance of how you govern open source, and you make sure you've got a vibrant community continuing to look at it and develop it and, you know, where you get in trouble in any situation is when the code starts to just get stale and nobody's updating it and maintaining it and putting it into the context of today's challenges. So, and I think along those lines, definitely security is the number one pushback or question that I get. But then there's also longevity. So if it's community sourced, what is the effort that goes into maintaining it?  And I think what we've started to see now is that sometimes the name, the incubator of the open source platform actually can close with the open source code or platform itself continues on. And that's because you have the community who have established these open governance protocols that live beyond that moment in time when a name is attached to the platform itself. So the longevity piece to me, I think is starting to prove itself to not be problematic. I also think thinking about is open source actually enterprise level platform or is it just, you know, something that you're going to do in your garage or group of people? That's right. And you know, I won't go through the list of global companies who have started to use open source platforms to power their products. I would wager that most people don't realize they're using open source platforms every single day in their life. So that to me answers the question around enterprise grade or not, right? I would actually add one final thing kind of besides what you said. I mean, I think the concept of open source as a hobbyist, you know, Steve Balmer 20 years ago sort of shooting down on Linux. I think we're past that we're saying even financial service institutions, the largest investment banks, for example, in Phoenix contributing to open source. But I think the last sort of myth that is going to be dispelled is this idea of, you know, open source equals free or open source has no commercial value sort of related to the enterprise readiness. I mean, I think over the last three years between the Red Hat and GitHub, as well as several exits and IPOs of much smaller commercial open source endeavors, I think we are sort of past that stage as well. But that would be a number sort of free myth that I think I've seen over time. That's a good transition to the next question. So we've been seeing this shift happening in the last few years, where the open source ethos is spreading to institutions have historically maybe been wary or reluctant to get involved, such as in financial services. I'd love to hear your perspective on this Morton and obviously Gab. You know, why is open source relevant for the financial services industry for central banks? And what is different about the stakeholders now that's driving this shift? Yeah, I would say open source is definitely from a central bank perspective journey. And I think we are just at the halfway house. But if you look at it from the BS perspective, BS is the bank of central banks and central banks are the banks of banks. And the trend that we're clearly seeing is that the banks are really using open source and are embracing it. And that's kind of like traveling upwards now. So central banks are using it, even BS is using it. So I think that's the journey that we are seeing. And I think just from the perspective of being in an innovation hub, you know, we actually built most of our things at the moment in the cloud and there's a lot of open source things available. And there's no way that we could do the things that we're doing without having access to all these great open source tools. So for our perspective, it's great. I do hear the concerns about security and longevity. And we need to figure those out. And there's also been an open tech initiative at BIS. Yes, very briefly. So that's the halfway house I was talking about. So we will be sharing our code that comes out of the innovation hub with a, at least initially with a limited number of participants. So everything is, it's a GitHub, it has governance, it has licenses. But to begin with, it's a little bit of an invitation only. But I think basically the trajectory is that we want to go all the way and to an open source platform in terms of sharing our outputs. Yeah, of course. Because earlier, Morton, we were talking about also open source is a path to realizing our mission of financial infrastructure really serving the public good. Yeah. And I think this is really important to call out because it's what Morton just said is huge. Talking about central banks being comfortable with open source ethos in general really represents this huge cultural shift in a traditionally conservative financial sector. Right. And so I think again, starting to understand that what we build collaboratively and transparently helps us serve our citizenry more directly is really important. So again, that underpinning of open source providing a path for social good, I think is part of what has brought about and we've started to realize this cultural shift, not to take words out of your mouth. No, I agree. But I think one has to remember the central banks are conservative. So this journey that I spoke about, I think we're really about trying to move what I call the production possibility frontiers of central banks and by technology. And I think open sources is the best way to do that. It's interesting when you say it's sort of leveling up, sort of floating up from the banks, the central banks, because of course, I mean, I've experienced has been with banks that is really originally about talent and cost reduction, really the way they started looking at doing open source. Very much like you've seen other industries do, you know, five to ten years ago. So not surprising that, you know, a regulated industry will take a little longer to adopt technology trends. But more and more you're seeing them really trying to drive faster innovation or really solving longstanding challenges. And that's what we're seeing the move from, you know, I'm open sourcing a project to really attract talent, to really embarking into an openly governed shared initiatives, which oftentimes involves regulators. That's one of our big goals at Phoenix as well. So it's interesting to see that this is actually being perceived and sort of floating up as well at central banks. There's a pragmatism to it as well. I mean, the BIS report, right, of the number of central banks that are actively on the on the journey of evaluating central bank discurrency and how to get there, right, it would be incredibly dystopian if that was solved, you know, 178, you know, different ways in different, you know, in terms of thinking about the modernization of our global infrastructure, that ability to have interoperability and have it all hang together, you know, that ability to go through that journey together around some core foundational principles and, you know, and and governance, you know, to make sure that it's done in a way that meets the requirements of systemically important infrastructure at scale and security and the like, you know, there's a pragmatic element of if, you know, even if this if the community of global central banks were split into four or five different factions that rallied around four or five different, you know, different vendor solutions, right, we'd we'd still, you know, there'd still be a significant effort that would be needed to to to weave together the global financial infrastructure in its new form, you know, you know, they just incredibly pragmatic to say, actually, why don't we just have, you know, have a, you know, an open source, you know, community rallying around those common standards and then allowing the central banks to obviously configure for their own needs individually, but be confident in a foundation. And gab, can you share just a little bit more about the cultural shift that you saw that you've observed happening in banks? And, you know, what have you noticed about that kind of shift and and what sparked it more in some than others? It's it's it's really interesting. I think in the last five years, again, five years ago, when we started finance, it was really all about cost reduction, all about, you know, accessing talent, you know, especially U.S. banks are in a talent crunch with respect to the West Coast and based in Silicon Valley. Really, over the last five years, and honestly, when we started, we saw, you know, I still was getting those type of questions, sort of what is this other party doing? What is this other competitor doing? Of course, the type of questions that I'm never going to answer. But over time, we have seen actually this trust to your point of transparency. We have seen trust building across these different organizations to the point that they're actually able to start talking about their share challenges, something that again, five years ago, they wouldn't have sort of trusted to share with each other. And even to the point that we are actually starting to bring all the other constituencies, you know, big tech, which of course, there's sort of an hate and love relationship there within financial institutions and sort of the West Coast, FinTechs, which again, we think open source can have a potential to build bridges there. And even so regulators, which of course, you know, banks really would like to have a more efficient sort of relationship with, but you know, it's always a very complicated relationship. So I think the general pattern is they have overcome their sort of basic misunderstanding or misconceptions about about open source. They've understood again, pragmatism, I think it's a really important word. At the beginning, it was still looked as a charity thing. Hey, how about do I give back to open source? And of course, there's a lot of really positive aspects about open source in terms of being a positive sum game for the ecosystem. Everyone is driving its own strategic goals through open source. I think legally, sort of strategic understanding and just culturally, you know, we're seeing banks really being even considering the technology shift of the industry and the very sort of redefinition of what it means to be a financial institution, they really have to leapfrog into new ways. And so I think open source is really sort of driving that change. Yeah, that's a key part to understand. Like it's not charity. And I think that that is still viewed sometimes by some people. It's really part of your strategic direction and, you know, in a way is how you design what you're doing in order to make it more efficient, resource effective and longstanding as you've all you all have touched on. And it's funny though, sorry to interrupt you Karen, but on the angle of talent, I've heard multiple times bank executives tell me, you know, the new generation is coming in and they're asking us, what are you doing to give back? And as much as again, I think we all agree at strategic level open source is not charity. It certainly is a way of giving back. So it's kind of this interesting I think there's I mean, I think it's a more fundamental commercial. I mean, if I if I if I as a bank or if I'm responsible for making all doing all of the development of a proprietary custom solution, it's all on me. That's a massive investment. And and then I've got to worry about interoperability and working on my parties and doesn't work. Or if or if you rally a community of five or eight banks to basically say, look, we're all going to contribute, I can cut my, you know, you can cut your investment into it down to an eighth. You can you can increase the utility of it because it's been done as a group and you know, it's going to work with your counterparties. Like I put it on very commercial terms of, you know, it's the antithesis of charity.  Yeah, yeah, that's great. I also feel like I need to say so it's not surprising to me that the financial sector and regulators are, I know I wouldn't say late to the game, but like the latest adopters, right? It is critical that our financial systems move slowly, a little more slowly than perhaps technology is innovating, right? There's there the backbone of our economies. When they fail or something goes wrong, there's dramatic impact on individuals, people lose homes, people lose savings, right? So I think it's actually quite prudent to watch and then step in when you start to see, OK, we've had x systemic problems. Perhaps now I'm seeing through experimentation and other organizations being able to be early adopters that this outcome open source results in these outcomes and that could potentially solve our problems. Let's go forward and explore that. I think so sometimes we get very excited, right? We're all in innovation work. So we're constantly like what's next? How do we iterate? What do we improve on? What haven't we discovered yet? I take comfort, particularly with our central banks, but certainly our commercial banks as well, that they aren't the first ones out of the gate adopting some of these new these new technologies or ways of working. So I just want I don't know. I wanted to put that out there that you know, why is the financial services sector behind? I don't think they're behind. I think they're taking the weight of their remit in a very serious way. And this is how it shows up. Yeah, absolutely. So I think that's a good way to segue into maybe talking a little bit more about central bank digital currencies. We have seen a good amount of open source technologies being used in many of the experimentations. Many of them are hyperledger technologies that are being used in the research. A couple of live ones actually as well for the exploration of central bank digital currencies. Why is why is this technology versus maybe you know, designing something very bespoke and proprietary relevant for CBDCs? Um, I'll start. I think I think there are a lot of different ways. But I think actually, I think open source the whole CBDC involvement has been a catalyst for using the use of open source and central banking because when people wanted to start and experiment with the LG's open source was really the only way to go. So which the project Jasper in Canada project in Singapore, they were kind of like the trailblazers and everybody else has been following this and now there's good momentum. People feel more comfortable actually using open source in their own experimentation in the innovation of we're building also blockchain platform. It's built built on hyperledger best suit. So we are trying. So so I think I think that's true. So just to get out of the gate, open source was the only way to go. Then central banks over the last couple of years is thought more deeply about central bank digital currencies of last year. There was these reports that came out of this coalition of central banks. They highlighted a number of different things. One is do no harm, interoperability and maybe also innovation. And you can map open source to each of those. The first one is more about the ecosystem. You don't want something with less financial stability than we have today. But that's where if you believe open source is more secure than it fits in there in terms of interoperability. I think it's obvious that open source is a key there and also in terms of innovating and allowing people to build on some kind of base layer of central bank digital currency. Again, I think open source will be extremely helpful. Maybe there's some layer where because it's critical infrastructure of security that we might have to think about. It's not unlike how we have it with bank notes today. There's some things we share. There's some things we don't. Maybe it has to be the same way with central bank digital currencies. I would just add to that. I have a tremendous amount of respect by which between Jasper and Ubin and all of the projects that Morton just referenced, the commitment to sharing the results and publicizing the learnings has been fantastic. I think very much consistent with the view of moving towards open source and the common standards that have to evolve in the interoperability points. I've been incredibly encouraged with that because it would be a shame to have every central bank be on the journey individually and have to learn all the lessons individually rather than what we're seeing is a pipeline of projects where each one is saying, okay, the previous ones have proved these points and now we need to extend and prove this new thing and there are a number of things to prove and to get comfortable around it. So that global sharing and openness to basically say, look, each new project needs to put, you need to, you know, there's a whole, there's a framework of things that have to be addressed. Let's knock them off one at a time with each project. I think it's exactly what you would hope for, you know, in that global collaboration. And as BIS has, you know, a view and I imagine you've got a lot of internal forms there with the various different central banks that are part of BIS, how is this topic being discussed about the different projects, the lessons learned, like how is, is there some information sharing or knowledge sharing or how is the approach that each one is taking being discussed amongst the different participants in BIS? So I would say we have this giant BIS innovation network where pretty much every central bank of the world can be a member. And so that's really the channel that we use internally to share within central banking share or the lessons learned. But I don't think there's not that much that we haven't put out in the public in our reports. We're doing some work where we actually try. I think now we have four different projects on cross-border CBDC and we're working on kind of like comparing the results, right? It was all about getting ahead and now we're just taking a little step back and what was the lessons learned across all four projects? So I think that's going to come out soon, that'd be interesting. And Jennifer, how does it? You've announced some pilot projects. You know, how does it play into what DDP is doing? Yeah. So similarly to our earlier discussion, part of DDP's value is that we see the financial infrastructure that's underpinning this work as a societal good. And because of that, we believe, again, well, obviously a central bank digital currency is a central bank digital currency because it is issued from a central bank. So we believe bringing the private sector together and using the skill set and the resources within the private sector in service of helping understand in an open way how what some design, both technical and policy choices might look like to contribute to the conversation that perhaps central banks do not have. They do not have the speed or the resources necessarily. So doing that in service of the social good is very important to us. And I think, again, thinking about that interoperability, the central banks are going to have to work with the private sector, whether they choose to issue a central bank digital currency or not. We're looking at a future world where there will be all forms of money existing simultaneously, I think, for a while. So again, how are we building that infrastructure together to be able to support all the different shapes that that money might take globally? And that takes a diverse set of stakeholders. So it is the central banks. It is the commercial banks. It's the payment providers, et cetera. And we're just trying to fill that one that one piece of experimentation and data in this larger conversation. Just to be sure, like any forms of money or payment system today is a public-private partnership. That's right. And it will also be so in the future. I want to ask, you know, what are some of in the ways each of you have been involved in projects that use open source technology? What are some of the challenges for organizations who are at different points of their open source journey to get involved? What does that kind of collaboration look like? And, you know, more specifically, if you can give us some color to that. And also, how do you kind of blend newcomers with others who are more experienced who have to then work together on these projects? That's a complex question, but certainly one that, you know, when we started Finas in 2016, actually, yeah. The first two or three years were really all about enablement, enablement, enablement. There were a... And there still is, effectively, a very broad fork or spectrum of expertise, you know, mostly into the how. Engaging in open source needs to be done as a regulated industry, you know, from a legal and compliance standpoint, from even a technology tool chain standpoint. But in that experience, even regulated industries are able to address the how once the why is absolutely clear. Once you have a strong business case as to why you would want to, you know, enter open source or an open source collaboration with, you know, some of your competitors, for example. And so I think it all starts from the why. And that is, in a way, the actually the way you can bring, you know, this old spectrum engaged, meaning the ones that are least expert in participating in open source communities, well, engage them in the problem space, engagement into what are your biggest challenges and help us prioritize what's important to you strategically. And then, OK, hopefully we can move you through the maturity chain and have you been able to put developers and influence the direction of the project. But I think that's one key sort of thing that we learned over the last few years. Another stepping stone is open standards. Banks are more familiar with open standards than with open source through sort of years and years of consortia and, you know, standardization to sort of different levels of success. But that's also been a good sort of stepping stone. And then the last point to me is, you know, you touched on it is transparency. The only way to bring everyone together ultimately is building, being relentless about trust. The moment you start cutting corners in any way, sort of departing from the very transparent ethos of open source, again, with the caveat that we do certain things sometimes sort of on a time bound basis in a more private way to, you know, we're conscious. This is a regulated industry, but trust is sort of at the fuel or the gas, I guess, that fuel collaboration. Does that make sense? Yeah, yeah.  It's, you know, the, you're addressing the quality issues, the security issues, you know, et cetera, that it really is a the community, the community, the approach all has to be then configured to the needs of, of how it's going to be used and the stakeholders and the standards and so momentum, active governance and, you know, and, you know, that's that's matched to the, to the community's needs and that core of doing something really valuable. Yeah, it's kind of the recipe. And it's interesting, I was going to say, it's interesting you mentioned regulators because I think specifically for CBDC, again, I keep going back to sort of this idea of open governance. Of course, you know, there's a debate whether, you know, what the role the public sector and the private sector should play in, in digital currency, I think actually open source and open governance can really provide sort of, I think you were, I think I heard you talking about that in a panel a couple of weeks ago in New York as to how open source could actually provide this place where both public and private sector, including regulators can come together to govern from the get go providing this level playing field so that there's no sort of, again, doubt that either of the party is going to sort of take over. So I want to make sure we have time for our last two questions. So drawing upon all of your relative perspectives, you know, some of us represents, right, a deep expert central bank and end user services for central banks, right, research and regulatory advisory, obviously deep services and advisory experience as well and strategy, Phenos, you know, deep experience in open source and having, helping institutions come along that journey. What are some, and as obviously as we're all in the innovation space, as Jennifer said, right, we're all excited about the new kinds of digital assets, CBDCs that are being developed. What are some key principles that you all think are really essential to keep in mind as we are crafting, designing a new financial services infrastructure? I think more to start. Oh. No, but I do think just to take one, I think inclusion, I think CBDCs and that whole can do a lot of financial inclusion. So I hope that that's the principle and that's also an area where I think if you develop open source that can really leverage that. And so I think financial inclusion is the one thing that I really hope that some of these things can push forward. Yeah, that's really important. If I should say one thing, I think I would say that. That's got one thing to keep it quick. Oh, OK, one thing. I'll take financial inclusion. I'll add privacy. So I think, again, thinking about trust, money as a social construct. How do we start to think about privacy in the state, individual privacy in the state of these new technologies, which will contribute to how successful we are when we think about inclusion goals. So I mean, so let's say, yeah, I'm going to say. So let's so build it building on inclusion, privacy. You know, the core of this is obviously systemically important infrastructure at scale. So the security and scalability and it has to, you know, the confidence that everyone has to have in the in the functionality of their current of the fiat currency is like there's no there's there is no higher bar. So well, you might guess, but it's transparency. And I think it's by and see really open source as this unique way of being able to be transparent, while drive increased security and privacy. And so I'll leave it at that. Awesome. I think those are wonderful principles to keep in mind. And, you know, given what we've discussed today, I would like to share something that we wanted to make an announcement today here at Davos altogether that our three organizations, Hyperledger Foundation, Phenos and Digital Dollar Project, we've really seen this need for open collaboration, open development in the Central Bank Digital Currency Space and the research and projects that are happening. So for this reason, we're coming together to start an initiative, the Open Digital Currency Initiative, to promote open source collaboration and governance in the CBDC space. Our aim is to promote the open collaboration development of Central Bank Digital Currencies involving all kinds of stakeholders, not just central banks, but those who are helping central banks and anyone else who's involved in this space so that we can develop really publicly shared resources and avoid duplicating efforts. From our perspective, we really think that most CBDCs are going to be quite similar in essence and not too different from each other. And so there's really a lot of benefit from collaborating on shared resources. We will be announcing soon how you can get involved on each of our blogs and social media. You'll see a link to a page where you can learn more and sign up to get more information as we do more announcements around this. So I'd like to invite Gabb and Jennifer, just to tell us a little bit about why you felt it was important to get involved in this initiative altogether. Can I go first? Sure, yeah. So Digital Dollar Project is about experimentation. So for us, it's really easy, right? We see a space to really amplify the efforts that are happening currently around research of central bank digital currencies. It's a space for us to bring together our private sector players and introduce them in some instances to open source and start to involve them in a use case that helps demonstrate the value of open source in this space. And then again, contributing back to that social good and that social conversation. And this is a wonderful vehicle to do that. We also have a really deep bench of advisors in the Digital Dollar Project, of which Davis won. I must announce on our board of directors. So and it's a cross sector, right? So we bring a variety of perspectives and experiences, regulatory knowledge. And we're excited to bring the weight of that expertise into this conversation. What I will say is that open is great, but it only works if people participate and use the information and and contribute, right? So please do come to either one of our social media channels and drop your email in to be a part of the process, because if it's just the three of us, we'll have a really fun time, I think, but it will not be as fruitful if we are not able to grow the ecosystem and the perspectives around the table. That's very exciting. Well, from our perspective, as I mentioned, we, you know, we start from the why we start from the business problem. And this is a hugely important business problem in the industry. And so having, you know, the secondary market, the banks already so primed for this collaboration, beyond also the recent involvement that we have with regulators, technology companies. Again, David sits on our board. You might imagine that he had something to do with this, but we really think we can bring sort of this a removing friction from this collaboration. You know, it took us five or six years to really build this understanding, trust and infrastructure that banks can really feel comfortable working in because to your point, if we are the three of us, we'll have fun, but if it's going to take us years to build sort of the critical mass, we know that that's going to be too late. And then, you know, secondly, again, I think we can bring to the table. We're very complimentary to both Hyperledger in terms of the solutions and technology you guys have and the sort of policy, really social good aspect that the digital dollar project brings to the table. So we were really excited to, you know, have the opportunity to collaborate with you guys. Yeah, so hopefully more.  So the Accenture team is working with the majority of the G20 central banks in some, you know, in various roles and stages of the journey. We're deeply partnered with the BIS and we were just, you know, just thrilled to be able to support both, you know, Hyperledger, Finnaz and DDP. So you're not, we're just, we've already got a base team. We've got a bunch of, we've got a whole set of central banks that are interested and engaged and what a phenomenal set of partners. So really very exciting. And thanks for your leadership, Dave. Did you want to add anything, Martin? Just that obviously the BIS is not part of this great initiative, but we definitely welcome these and other initiatives. And I think it sounds very exciting and I hope it's not just going to be the three of you. Well, that's exactly, we'd love to have you all involved. You know, from the Hyperledger Foundation perspective, you know, we see ourselves very much, not just in this use case, but in many use cases where enterprise blockchains being used as a convener of many different stakeholders to come together to work on building these various technologies that everyone can benefit from, that you can use to build your use cases, your products, your services on top of. And in this space where we've seen a lot of activity already in our community, we thought it was really important to, and where I, you know, as I mentioned, we think that there's going to be a lot of similarities between these designs. We felt it was really important to work together with others in this space where we've got the banking community, the policy regulatory community, and the commercial community as well to bringing them together. So we look forward to sharing more about what we'll be doing. Please be sure to check it out. Contribute. Yes, yes. We are definitely looking for contributions as well. As one little last plug before I think the panelists, Danielle and I have mentioned we do have our Hyperledger Global Forum that's happening later this year, September 12th to 14th in Dublin, Ireland, so not too far away from here. This is an event that brings together anyone and everyone that's building with Hyperledger technologies in all various use cases, whether it's telecom, healthcare, public sector, et cetera. And also we have Phenos who's putting on their event in July in London, right? July 13th. 13th. So be sure to check out those two events so you can hear more about the work that we're all doing with open source technologies. Thank you so much for such a wonderful discussion and all your different points of view and perspectives. I think it was very valuable. Thank you. Thank you again. Thanks. Thank you.


Always an accounting once you find difficulty, it's not because the topic itself is difficult. You are missing some prerequisites. There's a term You don't understand. It's the fine in a previous course or in a previous chapter go back And that's the beauty thing about my website is I have courses for every Court all accounting courses if you need any knowledge prior knowledge You can go back and view it from and the most important course is financial accounting 101 Because if you if you struggle there you're gonna struggle the intermediate and advanced and all the things in tax and the problem with this Financial is this there's few problems with it when students take financial accounting there are of high school freshmen They're immature. They're not sure whether they want to study accounting or not. So they blow it They get a C Then they get into intermediate a year or two later and they forgot a lot then the struggle Then your weakness in intermediate will carry to governmental advance and that weakness will carry to the CPA exam And this is where people come back to me. Say, okay, now we need help So you're welcome. I mean I'm happy to help you but don't do that yourself start from the beginning


So it's Bali. This is the word of today, day four. Use this to mark your attendance. Okay, so let's go back to pivot table. So now that we have this kind of a table, and sometimes you would wish to know where is this Robin Premiers Health Centre coming from. Okay. We have because this this must have a parent which is the district and that district has belongs to a certain region, which a region is under the national level. So sometimes you would wish to have a report that clearly tells you the hierarchy, the entire hierarchy of the organization unit. How do you do that? Again, we go into options. Remember, we have this tab here type. This is where you could display the organization unit hierarchy. So under level, you just have to tick that. We are by ticking display organization unit hierarchy. That means the table is going to give you all the parents of the health facility that is displayed in this table here. And this is important, especially when you're giving out the data to people that probably they are not very much familiar with the organization unit hierarchy. So instead for them to struggle trying to link back where is this facility coming from? You could just display the organization unit hierarchy and it would be easy to connect back where do this facility belongs to. But with the table, we could always add a title. Okay. So that once you present the pivot table, at least it has a title that tells exactly what what is being displayed in the table. So you could add a table title which says let's say HIV. Yes. That's five years. If you click update, then our table now it's going to have to have a title. So apart from those, we also have other other functionalities that are vital under the style, style option. It could be managing the density of what is being displayed or even the font size as well as the digital group separator. So this is more or less to specify how do you want those thousands of data to be displayed after every three digits? What would you want to be a separator in between? So by default, it's usually the space, but instead of space, you could select comma or even choose to have none. So by saying none, if you click update, you would see the values are just closer to each other. But if I want a space between all those thousands of data, I could select space. By doing so, you'd see, OK, just after every three figures, I have a space. But sometimes I would wish to have comas instead of space. You always select comma. Then if you update, then you'd see your figures will have a comma to separate thousands of values. So apart from that, we have this functionality of fix column headers to top of the table or fix headers to, I mean, rows, headers to left of the table. When do you get to use this? These are mostly used especially when you have a very, very huge amount of data displayed at the table. Once you scroll that, you'd see those headers, they disappear. So I'll just go back here and update my organization unit. Instead of saying facility in the bad district, I'll just pull facilities within the entire country. So you'd see this kind of table. If I scroll to check the data below, it would be difficult for me to reference back these 338. I'm looking at what is this? Okay, because the headers here have disappeared. So if you want to freeze them, it's more or less like the way we freeze in the Excel, you come here under option style. It's a fixed column headers because the headers are in the column. So if I click update, that means I've moved here, you could see the headers of the columns have been freeze. So even if I scroll to the bottom of the table, I could still reference back the 5,025 figure that I'm looking at is for what? It's for the mail for the year 2018. So that applies to rows as well. If you have a very large amount of information, you could also freeze the rows. And if you scroll, they'll always stick there and you would be able to move around the other information, but still be able to link back what exactly are you looking at? So the display dimension, I've been an organization unit hierarchy. We have also looked at it where it's more or less to open up the parent of the selected organization unit. So that again, it's also easy to reference back where is that organization unit coming from? If it's a facility, what is the district that has that facility? Same applies to the region all the way back to the training land, which is the national level. So we have this kind of data. And it's very huge. Sometimes my interest, it's only to look at the data that range from 3,000, let's say to 5,000. But with the selections that I've just done here, I mean, it'll give me the data for all the facilities. But I need all the facilities, yes. But my interest is only to look at the facilities that have the data starting from 3,000 to 5,000. So how do I do that? Again, you can always go to the option. We have this limit values. This is where you get to define the range of values that you want to be displayed in a table. Of course, we always have the minimum value and the maximum value. And by saying 3,000 to 5,000, it means that I need all the facilities and for the HIV tests that have been done that have the value of 3,000, inclusive to 5,000 inclusive. If you want them to be not exclusive, again, you could always define it here. But OK, so the minimum value should be 3,000. That means you need 3,000 moving forward, 3,000 and more. So I would say greater than or equal to. They normally you get to define these ranges by using the normal mathematical operators. So since I need from 3,000 to 5,000, then it means it's the minimum value should be greater than or equal to. Then here's where you get to capture or specify the figure. I said it's 3,000. By just leaving it as it is, you would end up having beyond even if you had 10,000. But I also need to put up a limit for the maximum value. So if it's the maximum value should be 5,000, what should be the operator? That means it's less than or equal to 5,000. And I'll specify the maximum value. And if I click update, then parameters will not change in terms of for units, in terms of period and everything else, but rather it's just gonna filter out and present the data that fall within that range only. So you'd find probably an organization unit no longer here. Maybe it's because it has data that don't qualify in the specified range. So that is also you how you could limit the figures that are displayed in your pivot table. If you want to clear them, you could always go back to limit. And if you say clear maximum or minimum value and update, then it's gonna get rid of the ranges that we are set and retrieve back all the values that fall within the specified dimensions. Now we have seen how we can play around with these different functionalities, just to have a pivot table that actually meet our needs and have data that is very meaningful and easy to be interpreted or more or less to data that can easily tell you what is happening. What if I want to have this to use this information outside the system? You could always use the download functionality. And since it's a table, you could only download it in terms of Excel, CSV, which is more or less similar to Excel, but also HTML. Mostly used by the techie people. But again, we also have this plain data source. At what point do you use this kind of format? This is mostly used when you want to extract the information, but use it in other statistical software like SPSS, R, or Stata. So we could always use the download or extraction by using this plain data source. So that is how you could freeze the rows, how you could limit the range of values that are to be displayed in your table, and of course how you could show the hierarchies of these organization units that have been selected or displayed within the table. Now, using the table that we had created in a few minutes ago, let us go to that table, then update the facilities by showing the hierarchy. You need to display the hierarchy and filter the values to display only values that range between 2000 to 4000.


my name is Melissa Armell and I own a company called the Stock Swoosh and I wanted to review here the trading room results for the last two weeks for the calls that I made in the trading room if you were in the room with me. I day trade daily Monday through Friday, open the room at 8.30 and I usually close the room between 10.30 and 11. So as we're done trading, boom, I'm done. It's very important to keep the profits that you make in the morning and I'm a gap trader. So I trade in the morning and that's it. Book the money in the morning and done. If you'd like more information, you can email me. I'm Melissa at the StockSwoosh.com or follow me on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Pinterest or Skype or give me a call at 929-3200 gap if you'd like more information. So the calls in the live trading room that I make, I give the entry, the stop and then the exit. And I always put the targets in the room in the morning but in live time. Also I'm calling where I'm getting out to. So I took off for the July 4th holiday. July 10th, A&F was a nice gap, 14.70 profit. Then cores, these are all shorts by the way, the A&F and the cores, 9.50 profit. STX, $700 profit, that was a short. June 14th, JPM and WFC were both losers. There was two losers on that Friday. Monday, no trades, the 17th. 18th was Hog, $1650. And again, this is giving examples of trades if you had risked $1,000 or more. Some of them were a little under $1,000 but I do trade with an advanced risk. If you cannot afford to risk $1,000 in your trades, then you just divide these amounts in half to estimate what you would have made if you had taken my trades in the room or the calls. So here you have the July 19th. IBM was $4,250. That was a great, great day. That stock ran down and fell all day long. It was great. QCOM was good too, although I did not hold this down in the day. $800 profit. GE was the Friday, the 21st.  Lost in the GE. Unfortunately, lost in that $900. Hib on Monday, the 24th was a short that was profitable. If you had done the call, you would have made $1,000. Tuesday, the 25th was one loser and one winner. Lost $1,200 in STX. May 2460 in Mew. That was a short two. And today, actually, had two top watches, $726. If you did the F, it had a very small stop. $1,400 was the profit for me in the F. And ACAM, and this is just the one call I made in the ACAM, you would have made $2,700 if you had risked $1,000. The ACAM ended up going all day though. I'll talk about that in the room tomorrow, but it ended up being a huge, huge, massive, massive trade went to every target I'd given and more. We will be discussing that in a video tonight and then tomorrow in the trading room. What you would have made in the last two weeks in my room, if you had risked approximately $1,000, the trade is $13,280. And as you can see, I do not do that many trades. I do not do the many trades. I don't like to call them any trades. The trading room is only open in the morning and we shut it down. I think it's extremely important to keep the money that you make in the market.  You don't pile up the losses, you know, when you're down. And for me myself, but I gotta be honest with you, it's a strange feeling when I lose because I do so much. I've been trading for so long, but I also understand that's part of this. Some days you will lose. There's nothing's 100%, but I know there's something strange or off with me or the gap or the market if I do lose. So you don't want to dig yourself a hole. You don't want to dig yourself a hole and actually two losses is a lot for me. So it's very important to stop because you can always come back the next day and you will have days. Okay. Like last week, I think it was last week. Yeah, it was last week. Yeah, where was it last week? Yeah, the IBM. So you will have days like that. Okay. You will have days where something just goes absolutely perfect. Okay. And you will make a huge, huge amount of money on the day. So again, this is all part of being disciplined when you're trading. If you're interested in learning my method, you can take my class. It's called the Golden Gap course. It's a full two-day course on how to strategically find, pick and play stops at our professional bearish gaps. Class is online. You can be anywhere in the world and take it. Class dates are July 29th and 30th. So this is the last class basically before this third quarter earnings season. We really have started it though this week. So you missed the first week, but we've got all the rest of July and all the rest of August at the beginning of September for a third quarter reports. And you get a lot of gaps in earnings season. That's why I mean, there's just been some huge trades here. So the class is 9 a.m. to 5 o'clock Eastern time cost of the class is $49.99. Email me at melissa at thestockswish.com if you would like to sign up and register. You must email me, sign up papers. They are not in the website. If you want to register, deadline is Friday, July 28th. Have a wonderful, wonderful day, everyone. And I will speak to you soon.


I feel extremely privileged to be a part of this esteemed list of top 50 most influential women. And I sincerely believe that this is a really truly remarkable effort from exchange for media to give women their respectable view. More than the industry, I think it's about time that women realize their potential and they come to the forefront and display their skills. And I think that's what is important.


Agnes Moorhead in The General's Wife on the Cavalcade of America, sponsored by the DuPont Company. Maker of better things, more better living, through chemistry. But first, here is Gain Whitman. Let me ask you a question. Does your raincoat fail to keep you dry because the water repellent disappeared when your coat was cleaned? It wouldn't have disappeared if the coat you bought had carried the tag marked DuPont Zeeland durable repellent finish. Because unlike ordinary water repellents, Zeeland will not come out of the laundry or dry cleaners. Rainwear, sportswear, or children's clothes treated with Zeeland do not need reprocessing. Zeeland, it's one of the DuPont Company's better things for better living, through chemistry. The DuPont Company presents The General's Wife starring Agnes Moorhead as Margaret with William Johnstone as Zachary Taylor on the Cavalcade of America. It is summer of the year 1810. A young woman, pretty, delicate, and very much in love with the young lieutenant, strolls through the garden of a home in Kentucky, the lieutenant by her side. It is this night that begins Margaret McCall Smith's life with Zachary Taylor, a life filled with romance, danger, hardships, and a tender love. Shall we sit down here, Lieutenant? If you wish, Mr. Smig. If I may say so, Mr. Smig, that gown is most becoming. No, it's just an old one. It's nothing special. Isn't the garden beautiful? Not half as beautiful as you. Oh, well, Lieutenant, you flatter me. But do go on. Mr. Smig, I wish I could ask the privilege of keeping company with you. Well, aren't you going to? The Army is sending me to Fort Hamilton in Ohio. Oh, no. I mean, for how long? The Army, one can never tell. Mr. Smig, I know I have no right to ask. Yes? I realize that we haven't known each other very long and that I'm only a lieutenant. But I'll be a captain shortly. You will? Yes. President Madison is my second cousin, and he wrote me about the promotion. Oh, that's splendid. So I wonder if I may ask you, if I dare to ask you. Yes? Could I have a small portrait of you to take with me to Fort Hamilton? Oh. Well, Lieutenant, I'm afraid I don't have a portrait of myself. Not even a miniature? No. To be sure, I could have one painted and sent out to you, but... Yes? Oh, Lieutenant, would you consider taking the original instead? Maggie. Maggie, you mean that you... Yes, Zachary, I should be so very happy to be your wife. Well, Mrs. Taylor, there it is, up ahead, Fort Hamilton. Oh. It looks lonely. Lonely? Oh, no, Zach, how can it be lonely? We have each other. Well, I know, Meg, but after all, you've left behind all the fancy wedding gifts and you're pretty belonging. Oh, nonsense. I didn't leave everything behind. We've got my little cherrywood rocking chair. Why that, Meg? Zach, remember the first night you met me? I'll never forget it. I was sitting on that chair rocking back and forth, it squeaked so that it embarrassed me. You said it ought to be fixed, and we both laughed, and now here we are. Meg, I hope you'll like it here. But an army post is a drab place with few comforts and no luxuries. Zach. Yes? Our marriage ceremony wasn't quite complete. It wasn't? No. I should have taken another vow. I'm taking it now, Zach. With a vow, Ghost, I will go. And with our lodges, I will lodge forever and a day. It's time I've heard you cuss it. There, there, I know just how you feel. But you won't have to put up with this kind of life much longer. Well, it isn't as if you had another dress shirt on. Well, it looks as if we're going to have trouble with the British. Oh, Zach. Anyway, the army is sending me to take charge of Fort Harrison. I'll start packing. No, Meg. No, you can't go with me. Not this time. An army post is no place for a woman with a threat of war just around the corner. But, Zach. An army post even without war is no place for a woman to have a baby. Oh, now you listen to me, Zach Taylor. I don't need pampering. I told you. I rushed it here with you for months.   Zach, I'm not a bail of cotton to be packed up and shipped off just like that. Besides, if Fort Harrison's all right for you, it's all right for me. But you need care, comfort. You need so many things. Oh, my dearest, it's no use trying to talk me out of it.  I'm a soldier's wife and our children will be born on an army post. Zach. Hmm? Yes, ma'am. You were reading that letter for the fifth time. What is it? Can't be bad news. The war's been over since Christmas. Well, I have to have that rocker fixed. Squeak something wrong with me. We're not talking about the rocker. Are you going to tell me what it is? Well, what would you say if I told you I was tired of army life? You tired of the army? Oh, no. I know you do well for that. May I resign my commission? Zach Taylor. And this letter is the official acceptance. You? But why Zach? There's one very important reason. We ought to have a family. And this time I'm going to be sure you have the proper care. Oh, but it wasn't the army's fault we lost our baby. Well, maybe not, Meg, but maybe we ought to try civilian life for a while. What do you say? Zach, you love the army. Soldering is in your blood and bone. You'll never be truly happy away from it. Oh, nonsense. Of course I will. It'll be strange at first. Strange for both of us. But, Meg, for the first time we'll have a real home. We'll live like civilized people. Our children will be born where there are doctors and nurses to look after them. And you, Meg... What about me, darling? Why? You'll have all the things you've wanted for four long years. Oh, my darling Zach, I've had all the things I wanted. But if it'll make you happy to try civilian life, well, I'm game for it. Meg, did you hear that? She said something. Dad, why shouldn't she be talking already? Isn't she the only daughter of the army's most brilliant young name? Meg, please, how many times have I have to tell you that I don't want you to talk about the army? It no longer interests or concerns me. Oh, of course it does. That's right. Now, or Meg... Yes, Zachary? I don't think I mentioned that the Captain Rogers is coming to see me this morning. Captain Rogers? Oh, from Fort Harrison? Yeah, that's him, remember? Great fellow, good soldier. Oh, he's a very good soldier. You and he were good friends. Yeah, lots of good men at Fort Harrison. Yes, Zach, lots of them. And they loved you, Meg. I loved them. Well, that's in the past. Now, look, darling, I've got to run down in the rig and get Rogers. All right, Zach, you go out of here. I won't be long. Then all three of us can talk over old times. Uh-huh. Old times. Yes. Yes, sir. I think your father's getting restless. Nancy? Nancy? Yes, Nancy. Please fetch me my writing board. Writing board? Yes, sir. There's a very important letter that has to be written. Yeah, you know I've got to write that letter, don't you? He won't. Here's the writing board, ma'am. Is there anything else? No, no thanks, Nancy. And so, Mr. President, should you see fit to recommission Zachary in the rank of major, I'm sure he'd accept. You know how stubborn he is, so if you discuss the matter with him, kindly omit my pardonness with affectionate regards to you and Mrs. Madison. Listen to this letter from the president. Can he hear? Is there anything about? I mean, what does he say? Well, listen, listen. What? Since reviewing your excellent army record, I have come to the conclusion that you are the man we need to take command of Fort Howard in Wisconsin. Is that so? Would you consider returning to the army in the rank of major? If so, reply by return post, and I will set the wheels in motion. What do you think of that? Oh, Zach, that's wonderful. And so unexpected. Yes. I'm a little mixed up. Zach, you sit right down at the desk. And write your acceptance letter. You've got an hour till the next post. I'll make arrangements to sell the furniture, omit my rocker. Now wait, Meg, wait. We spent so much time choosing and fixing things. And this house and Sarah, well, she's only a year old.  We're soldiers, all three of us. We're going back into the army. Meg, I, uh, I think we'll have to take down those new curtains. Oh, where are we going this time? Fort David. Fort David was nice, Zach, but maybe the new post will be just as nice. Even nicer. Why don't you and the children go back to Kentucky? Zach, remember, whether thou goest, I will go. And where thou lodges, I will lodge. We shouldn't have moved out tonight, Meg.  There was nothing else to do. What's the children there? Stop, Stance, Zach. They're Huskies' army meals and twice as tough. If the army moves in a storm, so do the army's children. Now look, Meg, it's true every word of it. This time we can nail down the carpet and bolt the coffee grinder to the wall. Baton Rouge in Louisiana is going to be our permanent post. Now, I'll be galled in. Meg, you've got to stop cussing. Oh, look who's talking. The man with the strongest vocabulary in the army tells me to stop swearing. Well, when I cuss, it's a different thing. But it ain't fitting for you, Meg.  You know, Zach, sometimes during the last 30 years, I've almost forgotten that. But what about Baton Rouge? Well, you'll stay there for good, Meg. It'll be a real home. You'll love it. Oh, a real home. Zach, what will it feel like? How'll it be? You'll find out, darling. There'll be no more of this. Instead, there'll be magnolias. Real drapes and curtains instead of oil paper. Rugs. Lovely furniture. Oh, Zach. Now I'm going to have to learn to be a lady all over again. Oh, success. Thank you. I'm glad you're enjoying yourself. Well, I declare, time is growing. That's the loveliest foundation in the state. You're darn right. Oh, yes. Thank you, Mrs. Cardi. And General and I have tried to make it so. Pardon me, Lenny. Thank you, General. Meg, I'd like to speak to you. Yes. Are we excuses, ladies? Of course. Exactly. I did something wrong. Did I shock somebody? I've been watching my tongue all evening. I didn't curse once. I don't think. No, Meg, you're wonderful. But let's go outside in the front gallery, huh? Look at the river. It's all silver in the moonlight. Meg, you like it here at Cypress Groom? Like it? Oh, Zach, I love it. It's the most beautiful home a woman could dream of. Only, only it isn't a dream. It's real. And we're going to be here together for a long time. Zach, why are you looking at me like that? I just got orders. Orders? Yeah. May have war with Mexico. May have been ordered to Texas. Is it cold in Texas? Well, we need heavy underwear. You won't, Meg, because you're staying right here. I... Uh-uh, this is our permanent home, and I'm not going to let you pull up stinks again. I'm not going to... Zach, we're going to Texas together. And that's an order, General. We're listening to Agnes Moorhead with William Johnstone in The General's Wife on the Cavalcade of America sponsored by the DuPont Company, maker of better things for a better living through chemistry. As the second part of our story opens, Meg and Zachary Taylor have gone to Texas. The Mexican war has broken out. We find Meg waiting for General Taylor to return as the door bursts open. Oh, my poor, that comes from dad-blame-poppycock I've ever heard. This is the worst. What's troubling you? I just got orders to withdraw my troops from Buena Vista here. And you don't like that? Well, there's a good sense to them. The Mexicans outnumber three to one. Got artillery. You've got a hunch that you ought to attack, is that it? Can't it make weird soldiers, not just pieces on a chessboard? We've got to fight with guts as well as brains. Even if we're outnumbered, we've got to be rough and ready for anything. Oh, rough and ready.  Buy thunder, I'll do it. Lieutenant! Yes, General? How assembly-sounding. Get the men together. I'm going to talk to them. What can I say about you? Oh, excuse me, I didn't know you had a visitor. I am glad you came in. Meg, this is Mr. Donald Willard. Oh, welcome to Cyprus Grove, sir. Thank you, Miss Taylor. Mr. Willard represents the Whig Party, and may I tell him, Mr. Willard? Certainly, General. The Whig Party wants me to be their candidate for the President of the United States. President? But Zach isn't a politician. He's a soldier. That's just the point. With General Taylor in the White House, this nation will be assured of an administration free from petty politics. But Zach doesn't want to be president. He wants to settle down and enjoy life, home life for a change. Miss Taylor, I understand and respect such a desire. But the country needs a man of honesty and integrity, and courage. The General is that man. I'm a wicked, selfish old woman. I know it. But please, please don't let Zach be elected president. All these years, you've seen fit to let me leave my life by his side. And if he gets to be president, he'll have no time for me. And he's all I have. We're all Zach and me. What years are left to us, we want to pack together. Please let him be defeated, Lord. So we can stay at Cyprus Grove. Please, Lord. May. May. It's over. I have won. I have won. Oh, Zach, that's fine. That's fine. Congratulations, Mr. President. I've got to go back now. The newspapers want a statement, and they want to see you too. Well, I'll be with you in a minute. All right, dear. Don't be long now. It's all right, Lord. I don't question your judgment. You just had other plans. At least we'll stay in one place for four years.  Oh, her hair is bright for her hair.  They say she doesn't know how to sleep in a bed. I hear she deserted her children. Oh, the rustic, commonest creature I ever saw. She's a disgrace to the White House. I'm sorry, Zach, but I can't help it. Everybody whispering and laughing and the things they said about me. All fresh and tummy-rod. Oh, no, Zach, that's true. I am a disgrace to you and the White House. I'm crusty and worn like an old soldier. Meg, you're the first old soldier I've ever wanted to kiss. Oh, Zach, we're too old for this sort of thing. Why, Meg, lovers never grow old. I know these next four years are going to be hard. But if you stand by me, you'll come through this skirmish just like we came through all the others. And then, Meg, then we'll go back to Cypress Grove together. All right, Zach, this one more skirmish. And then we'll go back home to Cypress Grove for good. That's the truth. Zach, don't look so grim. Everybody's watching us. Meg, I'm no play actor.   Man, it's not true. Of course it's not. You're going to prove it when the time comes. Now, sit back. Gotta get your speech, Nick. Put your hat back on. I've got a kind of headache.  Meg, I can't lay the cornerstone of the Washington Monument with my head on. It's disrespectful. Ladies and gentlemen! Ladies and gentlemen! The President of the United States. Ladies and gentlemen! It is indeed a privilege to place this stone, the cornerstone of the Monument to George Washington, our First President. It is my earnest hope that as the years go on, this nation will prove herself worthy of the sacrifices that have been made for her. That we, as a people, will reach onward and upward. Just as one day, this marble pillar will reach toward the sky. Oh, Steve Guy, I didn't know. Yeah? What's the matter? I'm feeling bad.  I can't get this to some degree. Mrs. Taylor. Mrs. Taylor. What's that? Oh, Henry, it's you. Yes, I'm about finished packing there. Thank you. Thank you, Henry. Hard to believe that old rough-and-ready's gone after only one year in office. Yes, it's hard to breathe.  I could fix that squeak if you want me to. No, no. No, Henry. And please be careful with the chair.  Where'd it be going now, Mrs. Taylor, back to your kinfolk in Kentucky? No, Henry. No to Cyprus Grove. Zach and I planned to go back there when this skirmish was over. Well, it would be mighty lonesome for you, a lone man. Lonesome? No. No, it won't be lonesome. Because somehow I feel as if Zach's there right now. Waiting for me. So that's where I'm going. You see, I always said to Zach, where there's our ghost, I will go. And where thou lodgest, I will lodge. Forever and a day. We'll return to our cavalcade microphone in a moment. Now here is Game Whitman. It'll be a long, long time before anyone ever again hauls off and gives an automobile tire a good swift kick. Now we pat them lovingly and say, good tires. And you've heard that the new tires on their way to you now will be even better. Why? And how much better? According to Tire Review, the trade magazine published for tiremen, truck mileage's were increased 10 to 33% during the war by rayon-cord tires. 15 to 53% more mileage has been reported by bus lines. Army-proving ground tests showed 24% average superiority for rayon on desert roads. Rayon shows 45% more resistance to blowouts. The heat resistance of rayon-tire cord means longer tire life and a tire good for two, three, even four recaps, if you want them. Some tiremen believe rayon-cord tires last longer than most first owners drive their cars. Cordura, high tenacity rayon yarn for automobile tires, was first developed by the DuPont Company and used experimentally on heavy-duty trucks as early as 1938. Now it is also being used in larger sizes of passenger car tires. But DuPont Cordura is not the only reason your new tires will be better. Improved synthetic rubbers will be blended with natural rubber in tire threads. One manufacturer has announced a tire made entirely of synthetic rubber which he says outwears any tire of natural rubber. Right now, inner tubes of DuPont neoprene rubber are being made by rubber manufacturers. Neoprene, among its many other unusual properties, holds air many times longer than in tubes made of natural rubber. With tubes made of DuPont neoprene, you won't shorten the life of your tires, even if you forget to have your air pressure checked every time you stop for gas. These new tires and tubes that are on the way are just rubber. They're chemistry too. Dozens of compounds developed by DuPont for the rubber industry will help to give the new tires and tubes their strength, their endurance, their resistance to heat and sunlight and the oxygen in the air. Cordura rayon yarn, neoprene and rubber chemicals occupy important places among the DuPont Company's better things than living through chemistry. Agnes, oh, Miss Moorehead. Have you seen the new Metro Golden Air picture, the green year? Yes, I saw a preview of it, and it's wonderful. Let me give you a tip. Don't miss it. All right, I won't. Let me give you a tip, Agnes. Be sure to listen to next week's cavalcade. The story's called when Cupid was a pup and the locale is a lighthouse off the coast of California. Cornell Wild will be our star. It's an interesting and heartwarming story, Agnes, and it's well worth listening to. That we will, Agnes. And now, Amy, thank you for being with us tonight and delivering such a magnificent performance. Thank you very much, and good night. Good night. Music for tonight's DuPont cavalcade was composed and conducted by Robert Armbruster. A cavalcade play was written by Priscilla Camps from an original story by Kate and Howard Phillips. This is Tom Collins inviting you to listen next week to when Cupid was a pup starring Cornell Wild on the cavalcade of America brought to you by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. This is NBC, a national broadcasting company.


competency-based education for teachers in Moodle 3.1. Teachers can add competencies to courses and activities, they can view a competency breakdown report and can rate competencies. With extra capabilities allowed, it's possible also to view evidence of prior learning uploaded by students and to review competencies. There is a link, Competencies, in the course administration block and clicking there takes our teacher to the screen where competencies may be linked on the course. Several can be added at one time and their details will then appear on this screen. Competencies can also be added to individual activities as with this assignment a speaking test. Competencies may be found by scrolling down to the bottom and then searching for and selecting the ones you need. You can also choose what happens once the activity has been completed. Attach evidence, send for review, complete the competency or do nothing. Also in the course administration block in reports there's a competency breakdown report. This displays the students in the course, their competencies and current ratings and a teacher can click on a not rated competency and add a rating. If extra capabilities are allowed such as our manager has here you can see the learning plan block and any competencies which need reviewing for students. When our manager clicks the link he's able to see the evidence uploaded by the student and he's also able to review the competency. Find out more in the Moodle documentation.


The Ministry of Health, Wellness and Early Affairs this October is spearheading activities in observance of breast cancer awareness month. The World Health Organization reported that in 2020, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and 685,000 deaths globally.  Breast cancer is not a transmissible or infectious disease. Unlike some cancers that have infection-related causes such as the human papilloma virus, HPV infection and cervical cancer, there are no known viral or bacterial infections linked to the development of breast cancer. During a panel discussion aired on NTN oncologist Dr. Owen Gabriel explained that breast cancer accounts for one in every 4 cancer diagnoses and one in every 6 cancer deaths as a result of breast cancer. Very young women tend to develop lumps in the breast, which could be just cysts, a sac filled with fluid, or a fibrolyoma which is a rubbery type of lump similar in some respects to maybe a cancerous lump. But breast cancer is not particularly prevalent in the young age group. That is below age 40, in the average age of breast cancer diagnosis, 62 years. However, in St. Lucia, we will see that that age is actually lower than 62, unfortunately. So it's important for us at a very early age to be aware of those changes in the breast and what kinds of changes that are important to see about. To consult your healthcare provider, I'll be a nurse in the community, the family nurse practitioner, any healthcare provider, the idea of a person must understand their breast and I see both men and women in that respect because there's a fallacy out there that men don't get breast cancer and they do. We've had quite a few men in St. Lucia who have had breast cancer. So we need to know our bodies. Approximately half of breast cancers develop in women who have no identifiable breast cancer risk factor other than the gender, female and age over 40 years. Certain factors which increase the risk of breast cancer include increasing age, obesity, harmful use of alcohol, family history of breast cancer, history of radiation exposure, reproductive history such as at the age that menstrual periods began and age at first pregnancy, tobacco use and post-menopausal hormone therapy. Dr. Gabriel explaining the importance of early intervention urged members of the public to conduct regular self-examinations. You look at either size of the breast, sometimes that breast is larger, sometimes there's a protruding mass. You look at the shape of the breast, you know, in the shape of the breast, you can see the, you know, the nipple is in its normal position, sometimes a pulled-in nipple might indicate that there might be both of a lump inside of the breast. You look at the color of the skin and as you rightly alluded to, you know, changes in the skin texture will let us know that if there's dimpling of the skin, if there is on the skin, these are usually more advanced manifestations of breast cancer, that that cancer is not just, you know, restricted to the breast tissue. A lump is actually the most important manifestation of breast cancer, but the lump has specific characteristics that would be different to a benign, when I say benign, a non-cancerous lump, because you can have non-cancerous lumps like cysts and thyroid anomalies. So that lump is very hard, very irregular. It's sometimes not easily movable, you know, under the skin of the breast. On Colleges, Dr. Owen Gabriel.


They asked me, are you knowingly going against Gavin Newsom's orders? And I said, yes. On December 3rd, 2020, Governor Gavin Newsom ordered all California restaurants to stop serving customers in person and convert their businesses to takeout only. Stem, the tide, bend the curve. This is not a permanent state. It was the third shutdown order of the pandemic. Annie Ramel, who owns the Oak and Elixir restaurant in the San Diego beach town of Carlsbad, decided that she had had enough. These restaurants are staying open in the form of a peaceful protest. Keeping their doors open to try and financially survive. When the same person that's telling you and restricting you from being open is going to a restaurant himself and eating inside, it puts a little fire in you. This isn't right. I'm going to stand up for my rights. I'm going to stand up for my business that I worked extremely hard to to run and to have. And I'm going to stand up for the community. I deeply empathize and I have deep appreciation for the stress and the struggles our restaurants have had. I remember watching his press conference and he said it was going to be three weeks. I told restaurant owners, you're not smart. If you think this is only going to be three weeks. It's definitely going to be months. And I was right. Several decided that they would also defy the governor's order. They formed a coalition of restaurants and retail businesses that eventually numbered in the hundreds. We opened up and it was crazy because we were really the only city that was doing this outspokenly. The village in Carlsbad looked like this Friday evening. Outdoor patios bustling with customers looking to keep their favorite local spots alive during this pandemic. And restaurants like Oak and Elixir happily serving them despite the latest regional stay at home order. We were going to continue to be safe. We're going to continue to wear masks and sanitize and six feet apart and do everything that we had been doing before but that we were not going to close down. That we were going to continue to allow people to come to our restaurant and sit on at our tables and eat. Ramel was issued a citation by San Diego's public health department and by the state alcohol board, which threatened to revoke her liquor license. But the county sheriff had decided not to enforce the governor's order. One of the first nights we reopened against Gavin Newsom's orders. The sheriff started walking by and I remember my heart pounding because I'd heard these rumors that they were arresting people and taking them away. And I knew that if it would come down to that, that for me it was worth it. The police department actually came by and they did give us a piece of paper that was documenting that I was going against the orders. They said, we just want you to know that we don't want to be doing this. We we want you guys to survive this. We're sorry as they're handing me the paper. Today, the coalition that defied the governor's orders is suing Newsom and their state and local health departments to drop the fines and compensate for the losses incurred by the shutdowns. The defendants in the case declined the comment for this story. If they prevail, it could have implications for what the scope of executive power truly is in a state of emergency.  Attorney Matt Harrison represents the San Diego County business owners. He was also a former senior fellow at the Reason Foundation, the nonprofit that publishes Reason TV. Harrison says Newsom's emergency orders didn't follow the proper procedure for issuing new regulations. One of the most canonical established applications of due process is that the law needs to be clear, clear enough so that a person, a reasonable person can understand what's prohibited and what's allowed. We look to a blueprint for safely reopening the economy. Harrison says this plan wasn't legally binding because the governor didn't follow the correct legal procedure. Regulations in California are required to be submitted to the Secretary of State, who then makes them available for a public review process. Regulations also have to be accompanied by an explanation for why they're justified. It's the rules for the rule makers, so the regulations for the regulators. The state argues that the governor was able to prevent the procedure because he was issuing emergency orders during a public health crisis. And whether it stands is whether due process exists in emergencies in the state. Rammel says that despite the governor's mantra, the regulations didn't follow the science with regard to COVID spread. There was no proof that the outbreaks were coming from us. We felt like we were keeping people safe for months. Rammel and the coalition lost the first round when a San Diego Superior Court judge dismissed the coalition's lawsuit. The case is now before an appeals court. Courts have recently demonstrated a willingness to strike down administrative actions that circumvent standard rulemaking procedures. Several Trump administration actions were struck down, including one that would have added a census question about citizenship status, one that would have changed deportation procedures and an executive order that would have allowed employers to opt out of certain birth control insurance coverage. Rammel says the fines she still faces for refusing to follow the governor's order amount to a couple thousand dollars and don't threaten her livelihood. But this isn't a fight about money. Our rights are being tested. And that's scary because we live in America where we're supposed to be free and we're supposed to be able to have our rights and make the choice to be open. And I think that's being threatened right now.


Hi, I'm Nathan Pekelek, Geospatial Librarian and an Associate Professor of Geography at Penn State University. I teach undergraduate and graduate courses in conservation GIS and other environmental topics, both online and in person. I've worked as a career professional employee for the U.S. National Park Service and have been doing research on and with national parks for the last 20 years. I'm passionate about environmental and biodiversity conservation both personally and professionally. My professional experiences strongly support that spatial data and analysis are critical aspects of environmental management in a complex and changing world. In my spare time it's probably not surprising that I love to be active and in the outdoors, especially with my family. Biking, hiking, running and generally exploring invigorates and connects me to the natural world. I look forward to seeing you in class.