Hello everyone, this is Alice Gell. In this video, I'm going to talk about the back propagation algorithm. There's a huge hype around neural networks right now. If you haven't learned the back propagation algorithm, you're probably pretty excited about this video. So what is the back propagation algorithm? It is essentially an algorithm to learn the weights in the neural network by using the gradient descent optimization algorithm. I will use a two-layer feed-forward neural network as an example. Let me explain some notation. Let's start from the inputs X sub i. W1 sub ij denotes the weights between the input layer and the hidden layer. A1 sub j denotes the j-th weighted sum of the input units. And z1 sub j denotes the j-th hidden unit. It is a result of applying the activation function g to a1 sub j. The notation for the next layer is very similar. z1 sub j is the value of a hidden unit. W2 sub jk denotes the weights between the hidden layer and the output layer. Then a2 sub k denotes the k-th weighted sum of the hidden units. Finally, z2 sub k denotes the k-th output unit. And it is a result of applying the activation function g to a2 sub j. You can also think of the network structure as a chain and I've written an example at the bottom of the slide. Let's discuss the back propagation algorithm. The most challenging step in the gradient descent algorithm is to calculate the gradient for each weight. We can write down an expression for the gradient for each weight and calculate it using the expression. Unfortunately, this approach is quite inefficient. Nowadays, neural networks tend to be quite large and there could be thousands or more weights that we need to learn. The back propagation algorithm is an efficient way of calculating the gradients for the weights. Consider a setting where we have n training examples. For each training example, x consists of the input feature values and y is a label. In other words, x is the input to our neural network and y is the expected output. To evaluate how close the actual output values z2 are to the expected output values y, we will use an arrow or loss function e. When we execute gradient descent, our goal is to minimize the arrow or loss e by adjusting the weights in the neural network. Given the training examples, we will calculate the gradients by performing two passes in the network, a forward pass and the backward pass. The forward pass takes the input values x, the current weights w1 and w2, and calculates the arrow or loss e between the actual output values z2 and the expected output values y. The backward pass computes the gradients which are the partial derivatives of the arrow function with respect to w2 and w1. For our network or for any other network, the forward pass flows from left to right and the backward pass flows from right to left. For each training example, we will calculate one gradient for each weight. Then, to update each weight, we need to add the gradients for this weight for all the training examples. We will update the weight proportional to the sum of the gradients. Let me give you an intuitive description of the algorithm. Our goal is to set the weights in the network to minimize the arrow or loss. How do we do that? Using each training example, we will compute the gradient for each weight. The gradient tells us how much the arrow or loss changes if I change the weight by a tiny bit. If the gradient is positive, we should decrease the weight and vice versa. The gradient guides us about how we should change the weight locally to minimize the arrow or loss. Why do we need to add up the gradients for all the training examples? The reason is that different training examples may want to change each weight differently. One example may suggest that we should increase the weight, whereas another example may suggest that we decrease the weight. We do not want to only predict one example well. We would like to achieve a high prediction accuracy over all the examples. Therefore, we need to sum up the gradients for all the examples and use the sum to adjust each weight. Let me go through the forward pass first. The forward pass starts from the input values on the left. First, we will calculate a1 as the weighted sum of the input values using the weights w1. The hidden unit values z1 is the activation function g applied to the weighted sum a1. We will calculate the output values in the same way. a2 is the weighted sum of the hidden unit values using the weights w2. Then, the output value z2 is the result of applying the activation function g to the weighted sum a2. Finally, the arrow or loss is a function of the actual output value z2 and the expected output values y. Let's look at the backward pass. This is the core of the back propagation algorithm. Our goal is to calculate the gradients for the weights, the partial derivative of e with respect to w1 and w2. We will calculate the gradients by going backwards in the network, from the outputs on the right to the inputs on the left. Starting with the outputs on the right, we will first calculate the gradients for the weights w2. I've written the expression as the product of two terms, the partial derivative of e with respect to a2 and z1. Let me define the first term to be delta2. The second term z1 is the input going into the edge for the weight w2. At this point, it seems not unnecessary to define delta2. However, the delta values will be extremely useful for us to understand the back propagation process. I will define one set of delta values for each layer. You will see shortly that the delta values for different layers form a recursive relationship, which will allow us to calculate the gradients efficiently. Next, let's calculate the gradients for the weights w1. This expression is similar to that of w2. The gradient is a product of two terms, the partial derivative of e with respect to a1 and the second term is x. Similarly, I'll define the first term to be delta1. The second term x1 is the input going into the edge for the weight w2. Note that the gradient for the weights in each layer has a similar expression. Each expression is a product of two terms, the delta value and the input going into the weight. The remaining question is, how do we calculate the delta values? On this slide, I'm showing you the expressions for delta2 for the output layer and delta1 for the hidden layer. Note that we need the delta2 values to calculate delta1. This gives you a hint of what the recursive relationship looks like. Let's take a closer look at the recursive relationship of the delta values. This recursive relationship allows us to propagate the arrow backward through the network and calculate the gradients efficiently. This recursive relationship is also how the back propagation algorithm got its name. Consider a unit j. This unit may be in the output layer or may be in any hidden layer. In general, delta sub j is the partial derivative of e with respect to a sub j, where a sub j is the weighted sum of the values from the previous layer. To calculate delta sub j, we need to consider two cases. When j is an output unit, we have the base case, and we will calculate delta sub j directly. When j is a hidden unit, we have the recursive case. In the recursive case, calculating delta sub j requires delta sub k. Delta sub k is the delta value for the next layer, the layer to the right on the side closer to the output layer. Let's think about the recursive case intuitively. The hidden unit j is connected to multiple units k in the next layer. Therefore, unit j is responsible for some fraction of the arrow delta sub k in each unit k that j connects to. For each unit k, we will weigh each arrow delta k by the strength of the connection between j and k. This is the weight w sub jk. This weighted sum allows us to take the arrow's delta sub k from the next layer and propagate them back to calculate the arrow's delta sub j in the current layer. Also note that the expressions for the two cases are quite similar. In particular, the second terms are identical. They're both the derivative of the activation function g. Also, since our network only has one hidden layer, we only need to use a recursive case once. If a network has multiple hidden layers, we will need to apply the recursive case multiple times. Here's a practice question for you. Construct a three-layer neural network with two hidden layers and write down the delta values for all three layers. So far, I've shown you all the formulas you need to execute the back propagation algorithm. If your goal is to implement the algorithm and run it, this is all you need. However, I hope you are also interested in how the expressions were derived. On the next few pages, I will derive the partial derivatives by using the chain rule many, many times. Once you understand the derivations, you will realize that the recursion with the delta values is nothing mysterious. The back propagation process emerges directly from the derivation of the gradients. That's everything for this video. Let me summarize. After watching this video, you should be able to do the following. Describe the back propagation algorithm. Given a multi-layer feedforward neural network, calculate the gradients for each weight in the network. Thank you very much for watching. I will see you in the next video. Bye for now.


My name is Andrea with Foodimentary Adventures in Food and today I'm sharing a recipe for light and fluffy sprite biscuits. Okay so in my bowl I have some bisque and of course I will make sure to link the recipe in the description box. To that I am adding some sour cream. My sour cream is not right out of the refrigerator. It has been sitting on my cabinet for, I don't know, maybe about an hour and then I also have some sprite and all you're gonna do is just mix it up. Okay so I have the dough all mixed up and now I have a mat here and I've got a little bit more bisque on the mat and all I'm gonna do is turn out the dough and knead it just a little bit. Alright so I have my biscuit dough all padded out and ready to go and I have a cast iron skillet that I have some melted butter in and all I'm going to do is cut out my biscuit rounds and I will say that this biscuit dough is pretty sticky so you may have to occasionally add more of that bisque quick mixture in order to get your biscuits to come up a little bit more easier. Okay so my biscuits are ready to go into the oven. I have my oven preheated to 400 degrees and I am going to bake these for about 20 minutes or until they're done. Okay so the biscuits are out of the oven. I let them bake for about 25 minutes. I have my husband here. He's gonna pull one out so you can see and they're hot and that is what they look like on the inside. They are a very tender biscuit, very fluffy. So I hope you all enjoyed this video. If you did please make sure to give us a thumbs up and if you have not subscribed to our channel I certainly hope you'll do so. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you all next time.


All right, I guess it's time for the Prometheus Functional Update. There we go. Welcome to this month's Prometheus Functional Update. I'm Ben Kochi, I'm the Prometheus lead. Joshua is our product manager. Powell, Kevin, and Julius are engineers on the team. Most of what we've been working on has been, of course, for 9.3. We have auto-detection of known metrics for common services is a new feature that we're wanting to add for 9.3. But this has still been a little bit stuck in review because it's quite a bit of work to get this to happen. So this may slide to 9.4. I hope we'll see how this goes if we can get this into 9.3. On the other hand, we did finally get the feedback to impact on MergeAquest feature into the new in the 9.3. And we also got the Prometheus Ruby Library added to the for Unicorn apps, or basically for any of the main Rails code base, with a prototype for Unicorn. So now we have the ability to have metrics internally inside Iran and GitLab instance. Other changes, we've been moving some of the database monitoring from the GitLab monitor process to the Postgres exporter in order to separate concerns in the Prometheus style of application first metrics. We still have a few things that we need to move so that we no longer need to have a database connection for both the GitLab monitor and the Postgres exporter, simplifying operations for running Prometheus metrics on GitLab components. We also updated the Kubernetes node discovery to use the proxy as the Kubernetes community is moving toward a more secure model for metrics collection. And then finally, we've updated the Omnibus configuration for using an external database. So if a GitLab customer is running an external Postgres database, they'll be able to get that automatically configured inside their GitLab install, instead of only working with the internal database. So on the merge request side, we now have a sparkline for showing increase and decrease and memory usage for a merge request. This has been a long time coming in and took quite a while because it was blocked on the merge request widget redesign. On the auto detection side, this is what we have in a review. So we'll be able to detect and display a common metrics from different applications for things like memory usage, response times, and throughput. And so we're getting closer to the really big goal of having general purpose metrics for applications being deployed by GitLab. And then we're also working for 9.3. Is this for 9.3 or 9.4? I guess I don't remember off the top of my head that we're going to be working on an auto deployment of Prometheus to Kubernetes. I believe this is actually a 9.4 feature that we'll be working on that you'll be able to automatically get a Prometheus server in your Kubernetes deployment. On the 9.4 side, we're going to be adding more. We'll be adding the additional metric support if it slides from 9.3. There will be additional time series and a single chart. So we'll be able to display multiple time series in a single chart in the normal metrics view. We'll be working on some EE features for monitoring and displaying Canary data. And we're going to continue implementing the unicorn and hopefully sidekick metrics within the 9.4 release. And this will open up a huge bunch of metrics that other teams are going to be wanting to add for things like Giddily. On the production side, we're going to be helping try and get influx DB metrics out of the current code base and into Prometheus so that we can fill the gap before we have a feature parity between the native Prometheus unicorn metrics and the existing influx DB metrics. And that's pretty much it. I can go to questions. Quiet, no questions. Thanks, everybody. Have 24 minutes back.


Hola! The NRC Pride Alliance Advisory Committee celebrates Pride. The LGBTQ plus community, friends, family and allies are still here and... Dig it in deeper! Fears, but in a good way. Love you.


It's only as awkward as you make it a lot of times and one of the things that we do we know we're going to be out and about and so we know that we have a very beautiful understanding in our religion that prayer is actually light prayer is a source of light and the places where we pray where we make that sedge to it leaves a mark you know that will testify on our behalf on the day of judgment that worship and remembrance of God was established in that mark and so it's nice to know like on the way coming here we passed by the the shopping center where the Hacienda theater is we've been to that theater but like the sister said we schedule it around prayer times and we literally like I feel good knowing that we left the prayer mark in that shopping center on several different spots in that parking lot I'm like hey we left the prayer mark there and so I tell my daughters when I you know I have a lot of slogans in the house just to help make principles easy to memorize but that's just one of them you know it's only as awkward as you make it and so be creatively righteous that's one of the things I say we have to be creatively righteous we can establish these prayers they always tell me stories of you know leaving a you know having to pray in the Nordstrom Nordstrom's dressing room you know all kinds like I said I mean how many parking lots you know are you gonna end up praying in balconies all these different places you end up praying we can do it we can establish and it's only as hard as we make it sometimes there's just a lot of fears we put in our own hearts I'm not saying you got to get up in the middle of the movie theater and go down use there's a platform down the front you go down the platform and pray right there yeah and give you that you know and go pray but make it work there's times Maryam is right here as a witness sometimes the timing is falling a prayer time we even said okay this is where we're gonna pray and we pray right there we get up right and even take turns pray on a relay so we don't lose our seats and stuff have we done that right we've gone in corners and theaters and pray right inside the theater and so far we're still alive nobody said anything nobody kicked this out of the theater so again you have to look at it in the positive don't always take the responsibilities as a negative oh we gotta pray you know we're leaving marks of light across the earth we're making sedge the marks of light on the earth that a lot was worse to you in a theater you remembered a lot in the theater you may have been that only person you know always think about that we go certain places we may be the only people in this mall in this wherever who remember God that's why the dua that you say when going into the marketplace is so huge right when you go to a mall you should there's a specific do I'm not even gonna tell you what is because I want you to look it up yourself that you submit don't we say that do I'll go to store go to safeway target come in the door make the do I because it's huge because this is a place where people aren't thinking about God you just think about what they want to get for themselves okay and that's something I appreciate as a convert is that a law has helped us to remember him but sometimes you just feel so tongue-tied one of my supposed to say to God no one's supposed to think of God what I say he just gives us all these things to say what to say when you get up what to say when you go to the restaurant what to say when you put on your clothes what to say before you eat what to say when you leave the house what to say when you get in your mode of transportation what to say when you go to the store what to say when you enter into a house of worship what to say when you leave what to say when you leave the bathroom right what to say when you greet someone all these different duos is like we can definitely get out there okay and again it's it's we should take an empowering and a positive attitude this is awesome I can talk to God with his own words right his own words of course he's gonna hear that and love that so a lot of times it's only as awkward as we make it so we have to to find creative solutions to some of our challenges but be creative


When I hear the word piezo, I think of a little fragile disc that can convert mechanical pressure into a small electrical charge. Which is cool, piezodisks are amazing. But I was not aware piezo electric material could be made into a thin and flexible film. But this two-foot piezo ribbon sensor has enlightened me. So what do you do with a flowing silver strip that senses mechanical stress? Well, I'm sure there's some impressive biohacking project would be great for, but get this, electronic wind chime. The wind blows, bends the ribbon, which creates a charge sensed by the itsibiti board, which in turn passes electricity to a, you guessed it, piezo buzzer. Which plays a lovely chime. Yeah, we're gonna have to work on the chime.


Rush anybody in the court of the goddess every man and woman is deemed worthy of redemption Not me though. You might be shackled by the tribulations of the past the trials ahead offer you both freedom and glory It felt good. The future is yours if you're bold enough to reach out for it Bum bum bum bum bum bum bum. I Remember the first time I died here in hardcore. That was so funny. I was like what's going on? It was when they first introduced this stuff. I think that might have been the last time I played hardcore, too Believe it or not was a great show Despite what the critics say So put on this tomorrow. I think the aliens landed and deleted the day because everybody thinks it's Saturday Not saying you you do Jake, but a lot of people think it's Saturday. I go straight to the sacrifice Hey some more my crapton Do do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do Everybody is talking about lava Some what up cuddles My tools keep on breaking away I've got minecraft in my path of exile Alright Jake have a good one Get some sleep, etc. etc. All that kind of good stuff Rubble Rubble Rubble Rubble Rubble Rubble Rubble Rubble That's what it came from All of those chickens.  I'll be seeing you another 17 times I'll be seeing you rip is gone The box gone with rip. Yay That's not the right way The bot died that day and a part of it was born of our TV history Where the Brutus rip is forever lost in the all kinds of twitch shut kill him They'll be slippers Man, that was a hard Brutus fight chat.  I think I Could head over to a big mic node for strump, but I think I'm gonna go down here for my survival Go down to precision for accuracy movement speed and cast speed Then down to armor and then over here to mana and then some life notes armor I'm sorry armor notes down below So which way do we go we go the right side? The Minecrafting Yes, get that copper to build your copper house It's so amazing that GGG come up with all these great ideas. I look at games like Diablo You know add anything just They just charge you for classes It's sad really Game just just there and whether the new leagues are so boring and Diablo now I Have zero interest in them. It's sad man, and Diablo's coming to switch and I'm just like I have I Don't want I mean if I don't want to play it on PC. Why would I want to play it on switch? Kill him.  I am a mule. I Am an oxen Free Diablo was like hey guys, we have theme seizes now the first two to treasure college. I know, right? Man It's like they're they're in maintenance mode right now This that's what's going on with Diablo is a maintenance mode And they're gonna milk consoles now Until the next Diablo title if there's gonna be another Diablo title, you know I mean they turn the game around and then they just stop adding content the game was horrible What was a horrible? It was it was a pulse re-release compared to prior Diablo's and Then they turned it around they added all this cool stuff with the Whatever the name of that expansion was and then they just stop doing stuff and then they charge you for a freaking necromancer I'm just like that was my favorite class in D2. Are you gonna charge me for it? And then you're gonna put like nothing in there. I mean if you give me an expansion sure Just give me a class I don't think I've ever I haven't played Diablo since they did that That was the thing that really turned me off the game when they charge for that necromancer stuff I was like are you kidding me? Chip KBR Dude, I'm excited for the new torch light. Let me tell you an ML another MMORPG my last MMORPG was Marvel heroes But torch light does it right boy. That's I Mean that's what people were clamoring for when torchlight 2 came out because it wasn't it was a multiplayer game But it was very like segmented off, you know You know you had the modest stuff the unmodest stuff everybody was like, you know this join it This one's gonna be true multiplayer. So I'm just I'm excited about that new that new torchlight is gonna be the thing. Oh Did you guys see the announcement from Rebel Galaxy? I don't know if you guys remember in Rebel Galaxy See it's a space game. I used to play here From some former makers of Diablo. They were from Blizzard North Travis and what's his face? I always read the other guy's name Eric Schaefer But uh Rebel Galaxy was like a two two and a half man project to two man one woman project and they've enlisted more help for this the sequel to Rebel Galaxy I think it's called Rebel Galaxy Outlaw and The trailer hit at packs I Mean they've been they've been they've been showing some gameplay off.  I saw the trailer. I saw the animated trailer But it's looking like it's gonna be full 3d combat instead of the You know the war the warships combat that it wasn't in Rebel Galaxy and it looks amazing. Oh Okay, the reason why I don't like Diablo 3 now hear me out I know where we've got opinions here. The reason why I don't like Diablo Diablo 3. There is a very shallow Build diversity in that game. I mean, it's like one and a half levels deep. It is really shallow Really shallow and that's what makes it you have limited options You end up playing the same thing every late That's why I don't like Diablo and the reason why I don't like it is because when they first announced Diablo There's gonna be a lot more stuff.  They have now Diablo It was gonna be a rune system and Everybody was happy because that was taken straight from Diablo 2 and then they scrapped the entire thing They scrapped the entire thing chat. Oh, man. I was so upset. I was like why why would you do that? they wanted to make it super simple and Jay Wilson and his auction house his real money auction house That's why they dumbed it down, man They wanted they wanted to pump money to that real money that real money auction house and it basically flattened the game It made it so just like shallow And the reason people played Diablo Was for those builds Well, you think they're all on path of exile now Well, you think this game right now is destroying Diablo 3 because you got a bunch of options arguably too many options That's why I mean Diablo in itself is a good game But you gotta understand where it's coming from Diablo 2 was was just ridiculously good like epic like well beyond this time and essentially Diablo 3 took a step down from that and It's a testament to Diablo 2 because you could take a step down from Diablo 2 and still be a decent game But those of us who played Diablo 2 know how much was was yanked out It was just just yanked out.  That's why the hype was so good I mean if they were if they were hyping what was in Diablo right now Nobody probably that high, you know or not not right now, but that at launch But oh my goodness. We were so hyped And they gutted all the good stuff Really was a shame. I mean they brought ladders and leaderboards back kinda But the build diversity is still just really paltry and that's why I don't like it man So hopefully the next installment of Diablo which I'm assuming they're gonna work on because Diablo was successful for them And plus Diablo is on consoles now So they look they they look to make a lot of money They look to make a lot of money on on on the franchise on consoles because that's what I mean That's that's a cash cow So hopefully their next installment. They'll take the feedback of a lot of I'll just say veterans I'm not gonna say Diablo 2 players just veterans and people who have constructive criticisms of what can make the game better I Just hope they take constructive feedback and just give the game more diversity because That tree the skill trees and Diablo are really really shallow So I'm hoping then Diablo if Diablo 4 comes out. I really hope they just Listen I Mean they do listen because if you look at the changes they made to Diablo 3 they were all very good changes But you can only you only do so much of what you got. Oh that that's that's that's done You only do so much of what you got. So it's like they can't They couldn't It really couldn't fix everything in the expansion, but they added a ton of stuff and I commended them on I gave them a lot of credit I was like, this is really good really good Diablo is actually a good game, but still the build diversity sucks Well, I didn't grab the thing some dumb Reconnected chat. Oh, I was disconnected Man, I am no beast of burden Bear in there, but yeah, I mean we're getting some good ARPGs lately guys. I mean I Think this is one of the genres that's shining bright right now in gaming There's a lot of good not just Diablo. There's a lot of other ARPGs. They're coming out That are high quality What am I doing here? Oh, yeah, this is the all spark just down this way So ARPGs are in a good spot right now. That's a Victor V ran and what's the other one? I Can't remember the name of it. I'm sorry. I really should remember the name of I don't remember the name of it It's high quality ARPGs now Hey, I've got the all spark. I really wanted to work there, but they made me choose between full-time University And I quit I chose school cool The I'm assuming you you you're happy with your decision. I would be Oh, Van Helsing is another one, but that's not what I was thinking about That's not the one I was thinking about Yeah What's the name of the one where you can rotate the screen and Had that Kickstarter for a while I played on stream many times Grim dawn there you go fizzle grim dawn. That's the one High quality man really high quality ARPG Grim dawn, that's what I'm thinking about. Wow my attack speed. I really noticed it on that note. Goodbye fairgrapes I'll see you again soon. I'll see you soon. Oh, you can go to the thing from the map. I just saw that Yeah, this little thing right here. Cool. Okay Look at all of these exclamation points. All right rallying cry leap slam clarity and flame dash I think I'll do clarity just to handle my man issues now. See what the shame builds about. Oh Haha, I want sell reflect again one Plague mask. It's probably I'm gonna keep that quiver That dude That Amy I kind of need a good power. Amy. I might craft that one That's 20% yo, let's do that one. I probably out that no, I use my maybe I'll use my essence on that I got one essence All right, let's put this on.  What is this? Oh No This is my smite ancestral call link Mmm, I can't take that away right now in less like No, no, no, no No, no, I gotta take a chance. Will I get it? I don't know. Yeah, the chances were chat I don't know if I was gonna get it. Why do you use the quip? Well, I Could tell you why I like the quip It's gentle on my mouth. It's a very smart toothbrush and doesn't make me it makes brushing actually I'm not gonna say enjoyable. I just like the brush. It's better than my old brush And the fact that I get free brushes or free refills Not free refills.  This is kind of cool to this kind of they kind of force you like hey Give us five bucks.  Let's go and do this. There we go. Cool. I'll take this Dexterity life gin. Yeah life regen. I'll take that go ahead and burn that uh That essence I got Greetings might as well, right? You've been using the same toothbrush for two years I would go buy a new one, man 130 for the toothbrush You must look at the top one. They start at twenty five dollars 100 130 that I mean that's like going to the the car dealership if you didn't have a car here for 125,000 I probably buy a car. Oh, sir. We got one here for no No No too expensive buy.  I misunderstood you if you wait a minute Biohazard you need to smile for the class biohazard. You have a hundred and thirty dollar toothbrush Jim and cricket Holy crap, I didn't know you could I didn't know oral B charge that much for their stuff. Oh best. Oh, he's got a reward for me Where's he at made any progress?  So I Did a terrible job taking care of my teeth people who really take care of their teeth or They have my respect My wife is a dentist daughter. She makes sure we have a new brush every three C Killed at the loading screen nose Yeah, that quip the quip campaign. I'm running is that when people buy brushes through my link I get a cut of that So it's like a way of contributing to me and if you need a new toothbrush is a way to do that and I'm I mean they Contacted me.  I'm like, alright. I tried it I was like this is a good brush. Yeah, I'll support it If I didn't like the brush I would definitely turn them down like I've already turned down a couple other things I've gotten some awesome sponsorship offers. I'm like, no, I can't I can't get behind that, but the brush was like, yeah, that's cool No, I Used to work for HB. I didn't contract. I was a I was an employee I'm full-time streaming now Yeah, they laid me off They laid the born off So I'm full-time streaming. That's the little goal at the bottom right. That's so I can pay bills Alright, let's go to the next zone which is Over here. Yeah The Oral B8000 it was actually $150 Amazon sale apparently the normal price is 250 which is the same. Is it a sonic brush? Is that one of those sonic brushes? I'll just go to drugstore and get a two-perfect five bucks Grim there. You haven't changed your brush in two years I don't think you're gonna pay five bucks.  I got froze there I think the sonic brushes were really expensive like that. I don't know I Remember when sonic toothbrushes first came out. We'll scream at me like that Siege Ballista Y'all breasts think you tell you whoa, I'm full How am I full already? I thought I was empty geez only found like three All right, I gotta I gotta go down here, then cheapest quick toothbrush I should follow that follow that link Let's see what they show when I when you click on my link


Yeah, I can imagine it's a very intense discussion and one that the world is Following already been said that energy accounts for two-thirds of total greenhouse gas But many people might not know this global food supply actually accounts for nearly a third of global Emissions and will be from what I understand a major focus of COP 28 as well I know you're very passionate about trying to create a sustainable agriculture That will be resilient to changes in climate That's something that you will put at the forefront and if you absolutely so as you rightly said Food systems accounts for the second largest Emitter of greenhouse gases emissions after the energy sector many people don't realize that and that's why we need to fix Our food systems fix our agriculture fix our behavior when it comes to food fix the food loss and food waste problems so much goes into it and I was Before getting the position as Minister of Climate Change and Environment where our food security is also embedded in our ministry I was the Minister of State for Food Security and already in 2017 18 we embarked as a country We have the national strategy for the country. We've invested heavily in technologies in those days when I started We didn't have any ag tech companies now. We have nearly 200 act tech companies So these are companies that basically Recirculate the water in a closed environment and we're able to grow many high value foods in the desert So I don't know if any of you have tried any of the blueberries blackberries raspberries They are most probably grown here in the desert and this is something we couldn't have Done without the power of innovation and technology. So companies now are seeing it's commercially viable to do that And this is the excitement of changing our food systems and why I also mentioned behavior It really comes down to us as people as well How much food or edible food is going into the bin at the end of the day now? I've been a big advocate of food systems and I promised everyone I would make sure that food systems has Center stage at COP 20 28 and thankfully supporting also the COP 28 presidency. I am the food lead and Food will have center stage on the first day of the leaders summit And we're so excited because I've worked with many of you as partner countries as Experts on the food systems agenda and there were two things that I was hearing from everyone We need an agenda and we need political will so the agenda. I announced in July in Rome at the UN food systems summit What's the agenda? It's basically four pillars Getting political will getting non-state actors on board Scaling up finance into food systems and focusing on innovations Those are the main four pillars and on pillar number one political will we have managed as many partner countries to put together a declaration This declaration is called the Emirates declaration for resilient food systems sustainable agriculture and climate action I know it's long, but this is what the partners wanted and it's been sent out to all the countries already a week ago To get endorsement and I hope and I plan that at COP 28 I will be able to announce many countries who have endorsed this Meaning that their countries have said yes the political will is there I'm gonna make sure food systems as part of my NDC, which is what Lauren spoke about the national determined Contributions my food systems I'm gonna make sure it's in our national Biodiversity strategies and I'm gonna make sure my food systems is also part of our national adaptation programs So this is what the declaration of is about it's a two-pager And it's just building that political will that we need to transform food systems I also just want to add something about the energy you were talking about a switch. I Often ask people do you know how much energy you need to build a solar panel? Do you know how much energy you need to build a turbine for a wind turbine? It's so much energy you cannot do that with the renewable energy you have today So it's so important you use the energy systems of today to build the energy systems of tomorrow And that's why traveling renewable energy the UAE is on a pathway to travel its renewable energy by 2030 But other countries need help. They need technical help. They need financial help So it's really important that at COP 28. We all support each other to travel Renewable energy globally, but everyone has their own challenges And that's why we need to step up and that's why you've seen must are is now in so many countries Really stepping up their knowledge their financial means that they can put into this But that part is so important and that's why I always say this needs a just transition Because you need so much energy and power to build the future energy systems of tomorrow And the importance of course of multi-lateralism in this regard and building synergies to align these responses to climate changes You just pointed out are very very critical indeed