Good afternoon and welcome to the White House. Like millions of Americans, Nancy and I recently returned from our summer vacation. My horse and I got reacquainted, and I had time to reflect once again on the old truth inherited in the cavalry that there's nothing so good for the inside of a man as the outside of a horse. Now fall is nearly here, and the nation has begun another season of work and achievement. I can't think of a better way to begin the new season here at the White House than by speaking to you, the representatives of newspapers and television and radio stations out there in the real America, and through you, I hope, to the communities that you serve. Today our country is at peace, and our economy is in good health. The inflation rate, which was in double digits when we first took office, is under four percent sizeably so. Interest rates have dropped dramatically and are still easing down, and already this year we've seen the creation this year so far of more than 900,000 jobs. And last month the Census Bureau reported that between 1983 and 84, the poverty rate in America showed the sharpest drop in 15, 16 years. In all, more than 1,800,000 Americans were lifted out of poverty. Gains were shared by virtually every major group, including children, the elderly and blacks. Income among Hispanic families rose by a remarkable 6.8 percent, and that was more than double the percent for the rest of us. It all goes to show that the answer to poverty is not more government programs than redistribution. The answer to poverty is economic growth through greater freedom. And despite all this good news, we can do even better. And I'd like to spend just a moment on our historic new initiative. I'm sure you've heard about it, tax reform. When the income tax first became law, back in 1913 the tax code amounted to just 15 pages. Today, it runs four volumes, and the complexity alone is staggering. Worse is the unfairness, the simple injustice that the complexity engenders. You just know that with the tax code that complicated, there are going to be accountants and lawyers who know how to make it work to their clients' advantage. And that ordinary Americans who can't afford such high-paid advice will end up paying for it with higher taxes. Today, some individuals are able to take so-called educational cruises, ocean luxury liners to buy sky-boxes at sports arenas and write it all off as business expense. Many Americans pay more in federal income taxes each year than the giant corporations they work for. Now, I've been preaching the gospel of the enterprise system for more years than I can remember. Business people are the ones who provide many of our jobs, create much of America's wealth, and they have my enduring admiration. What I am against is the unfair tax system that allows some businesses to take perfectly legal deductions that by any standards of fairness are ridiculous. The key idea in our proposal is that by ironing out the complexities, closing loopholes, making everyone pay their fair share, we can lower tax rates, almost double the personal exemption, make the system more equitable, and do it all without a loss in revenue. Lower tax rates, nearly doubling the personal exemption, end the loopholes, it all adds up to fairness, stronger growth, more jobs, and renewed hope for our future. Next summer is a long way off, but if you thought your vacation was good this year, just wait till next August. You see, after being on a horse, the next best thing for a man is lower tax rates.  First, let me just say that our administration has spent more, or more has been spent, since our administration has been here, on farm programs than ever in the history of our country. And what we have right now, we recognize, we believe, incidentally, that the government programs are the cause of much of the farmer's problem. And we believe that if we, we can't pull the rug out from under an industry that has gotten used to this government participation, that wouldn't be right. But we have an obligation to not only correct what is wrong, but to do it in such a way as to not penalize the farmers. We have a short-term problem, or answer. We're going to do something with regard to those farmers who borrowed when under the double-digit inflation, the land prices were high, now they've come down with the corralling of inflation, left many farmers out on a limb. We're going to have a short-term program of loans and financial aid for those farmers. But we want to embark, and this is what we want to work with Congress on, is to have a long-term program that will be pointing to a date-certain down-the-line where we can say to the farmers, as of that point, we're going to phase these programs out, these regulations and so forth, and have you out in the free marketplace as of such and such a year. And we think that this can work because the two-thirds of farming that is not and never has been included in the government programs is not part of the great crisis today and is not having the trouble. They have known a consistent increase in the per capita consumption of their produce, where the rest of farming is known a per capita decrease in that consumption. So we think that is the way to help the farmers, and at the same time, do all that we can out in the world markets and so forth to see that they get a fair shot at export markets. I'm going to take him and then I'll come back here. Mr. President, there's a lot of priority of your administration in Central America. This weekend, Nicaragua gained an attack on Honduras, and I wonder, I hope a lot of Honduras wonder, what can the United States do if these attacks continue against Honduras and Costa Rica? Well, I don't say that I, well, I wouldn't talk if I did have anything about a specific thing that we would do, but I thought that Honduras behaved nobly and was well within their rights, because Honduras responded against that battery that, as I understand, had caused casualties on their side of the border and with an aerial strike and took it out. We have been supportive of Honduras and Costa Rica and Guatemala, the other Central American countries. There's no question, but all of them have to a certain extent been preyed upon by the Sandinista government. We, as you know, continue to be supportive of the Contras, and they are gaining in strength every day. They now number some 20,000. Their goal is to restore the true revolution. The Sandinista government is a totalitarian communist government here in the mainland of the Americas, and we feel that all of us have a stake in seeing that they're not allowed to export that revolution to other Latin American countries. I think there's been, there's more of a support and an agreement between the countries of Latin America and the United States than we've known in many years, and we'll do what we can. We have no plans for military action of our own in any Latin American country. Nor do we think it's necessary. In fact, it isn't wanted by our friends down there, and we're continuing to support the Contadora process, and it's 21 goals. First, please. Right. Your administration, by the way, brings business practices to government. It will run more like a business. The guiding principle of many successful businesses is to treat employers like winners and problems are. Yet as president, many times we've gone on television and speeches around the country, and blamed the bureaucrats for the government's problems that may have been caused by past presidents or past Congress. How do you feel about the federal employee and what message do you have for them? I think there are thousands and thousands of federal employees that are performing a great service for this country and for their fellow citizens, and they're doing a great job. On the other hand, there are some ills of bureaucracy that cannot be overlooked, that programs many times that have started by government in the best of intentions, and then the bureaucracy that is created and is to manage that program, its first priority becomes preserve the bureaucracy. And we have to be ready to deal with that. But that isn't to overlook the fact, as I say, of the great service performed by so many government employees. We have reduced the number of government employees without any loss of service to the people by, I guess, around 100,000 by now. And we feel that the elected representatives of government have got to determine the policy of government, not the permanent structure. First of all, I'm Bill Sharp from Charleston, South Carolina.  In your upcoming talks with Mr. Borchette, we used to believe that dealing with a communist, get a communist, get a communist, they would say whether Mr. Borchette or anybody else essentially is dealing with a communist. And also, do you take or seek Mr. Nixon's advice in the other kind of stuff? I have frequently talked with President Nixon. He had great experience and I think is most knowledgeable on international affairs. And certainly he had a number of, well, he had a leader that was there while he was there and had a number of meetings both in this country and there with that leader. My problem for the first few years was they kept dying on me. But I feel, though, that there's one thing that you have to recognize. There are great differences between our two systems. And they're not going to like ours. We don't like theirs. But we have to live in the world together. And I think one line recently written by former President Nixon was very true. He said of our country, we want peace. He said the Soviet Union needs peace. And they do. With this great massive buildup, the greatest the world has ever seen in military might, we have augmented our forces and I think have given them reason to believe that we're not going to allow them to get such a superiority in weapons that they can someday lay down and ultimate them. But I think the thing of the summit and what we would hope to do is to make them recognize that we both have to live in the world together. And it doesn't mean that we have to love each other or that we have to change each other's system. But that we can, there are areas where we can, we're the only two nations in the world I think that could start another world war. We're also the two that could prevent one from starting. And we're going to try to find a way to deal practically with them. Mr. President. Mr. President. Mr. President. Mr. President. Mr. President. Mr. President. You've heard students talk about that. Because of your support, are they not aware of the remnants of the totalistic government down there, which was in the South? And as you asked that question. No, they aren't. There are some there, some that were formally connected with the National Guard. But there are also a great many who were part of the revolution. What the Sandinistas did, that wasn't their revolution alone. They were just one factor in it of the groups that had come together to oust Samosa. But once they got in, they do what the Communists have traditionally done. Their idea of a consensus government is for them to run it. And they ousted other revolutionary leaders. They took over for themselves. Some were exiled. Some I think were executed. Some were imprisoned. And you have many of the former revolutionaries that are now in the countries. And what thereafter is reinstituting the goals. Remember that the revolutionaries, 1979 went to the Organization of American States. And they asked the organization to appeal to Samosa to step down and let the killing end. And the organization asked, what are the goals of your revolution? And they were given. And the goals were pluralistic society, democracy, freedom of speech, free labor unions, freedom of press, all the things that go with a democracy. They have never kept one of those promises. As I say, they ousted the rest and it became the Sandinista. Well the Sandinista government was a pro-communist government or organization before there was a revolution. And so this is what we're trying to bring about and it isn't just a case of the Samosa or Samosista trying to get back in at all. I promise someone here, then there'll be one more after this one. The social security tax, of course, is, and as you say, has been increased at a time when it looked like, well, when we came here, we gave social security until July of 83 and it would be broke. And then after using the issue of the social security tax, and the social security tax, and the social security tax, and the social security tax, then after using the issue in 82 politically, our opponents shortly after the election came to us and said, now what are we going to do about social security? They denied it had any problems. And we had a bipartisan commission that reorganized social security and put it on a sound financial footing. The social security tax, there's no question, many people are paying a higher tax there than they are in the income tax. But there will be a sizeable decrease in the overall tax because while they'll still be paying that, they will be paying much less in their income tax. Right now, our estimate is that between the $15,000 and $20,000 a year incomes, the individuals will be getting about a 13.5% average decrease in taxes. From $20,000 to $30,000, that will drop to a little under 9%, 8.7% by our estimates. And as you go up in the income tax brackets, actually the average deduction or cut in taxes is going to get less. So we think that this is fair from top to bottom. We talked about three instead of 14 brackets, 15, 25, and 35. There is a fourth bracket, zero, because those people who are down at or near the poverty line are going to be off the tax rolls altogether and not pay any tax at all. So we think there's no way they can distort the figures. The other day with all the campaign that's being waged in New York with regard to the one feature of the program's tax state and local tax deduction, the controller of New York has done a study and has estimated that New Yorkers will get $588 million a year in tax cuts. So I think that we can stand on ours that it is going to be fair and it is going to result in individual as well as a certain business tax decrease. Where we're going to remain revenue neutral is we're going to have some people paying taxes that are not now paying their fair share. Mr. President, despite their opinions, I'd heard this voice a couple of times here before. Thank you. Mr. President, everybody believes we're going to beat the tax file in Fortale if it comes to your desk. Let me ask you if you're already going to veto it, if it does, and what would you say the tax file of workers in places like Carolina and Virginia who believe in their jobs depend on the ability to lead the party in Fortale? I should have taken one of the... Well, first of all, let me say, I have a rule. I never say veto or not veto until something reaches my desk because what started out to be an apple might arrive there in orange. So I'll wait to answer that part of your question. But now let me say one thing about this whole idea of protectionism and with regard to those employees in industries where they think they're the possibility of losing their jobs. We have a program and we're supporting a program of providing funds for retraining and relocation of people who lose their jobs because of industries of this kind. Remember also that we have a lot of people losing their jobs not because of this but in other industries because of change in the industries. Modern technology that has now made the industry use fewer employees, some things that are just out of date but other new industries have come along. The truth of the matter is with regard to jobs, we have the highest percentage of the labor pool employed that we've ever had in the history of our country. The labor pool being everyone in the country male and female from 16 to 65. Highest percentage of those. Last month, 332,000 people found jobs. In the last 33 months, more than 8 million people have new jobs have been created for more than 8 million people. So yes, this can happen but with protectionism to favor one industry over another. No one ever looks over their shoulder at the retaliation that then throws people out of work in other jobs. So let me say this one thing about protectionism that it's good to be old enough to remember the Great Depression, which I do. I was looking for my first job in 1932. The Smoot-Hawley tariff was passed. A great protectionist measure. It spread the depression worldwide. It prolonged it and kept it in existence until World War II after about 10 years was the only thing that ended the Great Depression. More than 1,000 economists appealed to Herbert Hoover to veto the Smoot-Hawley tariff. But there was a classic example of protectionism, overall protectionism, and its result. Now I'd like to say a word or two about looking at these last 33 months. 8 million new jobs without the protectionist things that we're asking. And I'd like to point out that this in coupling with the trade deficit that has so many people concerned, it would be nice if we didn't have one, but we're the biggest exporters it is in the world. In these 33 months we've had this great trade deficit and I hear this linked to people losing jobs, but we gained 8 million new jobs. In the Great Depression, every one of those 10 years of the Great Depression, we had a trade balance that was in surplus on our side. And yet we had the greatest depression we've ever had in this country. But protectionism, we want to do, as I say, we will try to help the people that through no fault of their own if there is a cutback and they're going to lose jobs. But at the same time we want fair trade and we've already announced the things we're going to do to try and see that the world can be out there in the free marketplace competing on even ground. We'll do all those things. We will take actions against countries that are unfairly militating against us, keeping us out of their markets or whatever. But there's no way that you can go for protectionism without having it a two-way street and retaliation. And the retaliation will be against others in other industries. The American farmer knows that most of all as a farm question. The American farmer knows he's one of our biggest exporters now. And he knows that the easiest way to retaliate is against farm exports. So we're just going to continue to try for free and fair markets and believe that that's the answer that we should have. They've told me I've got to go. In fact, I am late, aren't I? I've kept you here too long and I'm sorry. It's just like on those other press conferences there's always more hands than there are answers. And I'm sorry that I can't get to all of you here. But again, I appreciate very much your being here. It's good to have you from outside the Beltway and have a chance to meet with you here. And I hope the briefings you've been getting have been helpful to all of you. And now I better get out of here or I'll get scolded.


Hello and welcome to a presentation for the haptics in post-2022. My name is Andreas Null, I'm the chair of Media Technology at the Technical University of Munich and I want to show you our work on automated quality assessment for compressed fiber tactile signals. So first what is quality assessment? In this area we ask the question what is the quality of a signal to a human user? And the problem is that metrics such as SNR and PSNR cannot reflect this. At the same time experiments to get this quality are very time-consuming, very inefficient. So the best would be if we have some computed metrics that we get from signal data to give us the subjective quality scores. In this scenario now we look at lossy codecs. We have an input signal going into lossy codec and a compressed signal coming out of it and then the subjective quality is defined as a similarity between the compressed signal and the input signal. To measure the similarity score we have developed a piece of software and prior work that we can use in this work to measure now data for all three state-of-the-art codecs and we get the results that you can see here as terms of score over compression ratio for all three codecs and can assess the performance between them. Now we want to introduce our perceptual metric, we call it the spectral perceptual quality index. Here we first take signal blocks and we compute the spectra of them and then we subtract the absolute threshold of perception and so we get some perceptually weighted spectra. Then these are subtracted from each other and averaged overall samples and with this we get EP which is a perceptual error measure between the different signal blocks. By mapping that error measure to a range between zero and one with XI function we can get a score in terms of percent. The results are very interesting in this case. We see that the SPQI for the blue and red codec are very close to the actual scores whereas for the green codec it's quite far off and the state-of-the-art metric so far which is the ST-SIM is the other way around it's very close for one codec and very far away for the other and this motivated us to do ViberMaf which stands for ViberTactileMotion method assessment fusion. In this case now we take the individual metrics that we have computed and we fuse them using a support vector machine into a final ViberMaf score and this ViberMaf score is the only one that can give us a score that is quite close to the actual scores for all three codecs. This is also clear with this table here we compute the Pearson correlation and MSE between the computed scores and actually measured scores and you can see that ViberMaf performs best overall for all three codecs. We've uploaded our entire code onto Github you can find all our methods on SPQI and ViberMaf there and compute your own scores on your signal data. With this I thank you very much for your attention.


Okay, we're back everybody, this is Dave Vellante, wikibond.org, I'm here with Jeff Frick. This is the CUBE Silicon Angles product. As we say, we bring you to the events around the world. We extract the signal from the noise. Fred Lutty is back, fresh off the keynote. It was fire-martial-full, the room was packed. Fred, congratulations, you had the room in tears, just laughing, I talked to a number of practitioners afterwards, they absolutely loved it, so well done. Thank you, it was a lot of fun. You seem to really enjoy these moments, and it's just really gratifying, I think, to see the audience respond the way they did. You know, the audience is deeply inspirational to us, and we like to try to return the favor by showing them some new things in advance of things that are under development, some innovations that they've been asking for for some time, and they're also very supportive, a great group of people. So let's break down the highlights of the keynote. Livestream Frank's, yesterday, we didn't Livestream yours, I wish we did. Oh no, no, people are always afraid of what I'm going to say. Yeah, okay. I don't know, but I have a lot in common with Vice President Joe Biden, and I really don't know what's going to come out of my mouth. So let's break it down, so you, talk about some of the technology trends that you talked about in the keynote, and some of the things that you see, you got your big four or five there, share with our audience. The smack, I think, was a big one, because you hit the big six there. Yeah, there's no doubt that, you know, smack or scam, as I've called it. I've never heard of smack. Or scam. Yeah, social, mobile, analytics, and cloud, you know, which are, of course, complimented by big data and virtualization, they're here to stay, right there. They've already climbed through that hype cycle, and the next thing that's going to add to all of that is, of course, the internet of things. And I think this is a fairly new term, but it's talking about the tens of millions, probably the predictions are 50 to 60 million interconnected things on the planet by the year, by the year 2014, 2015.  Yeah, June is internet of things month, by the way, at siliconet.com. Yeah, we're going to cover this like a blanket. We've got a bunch of research that we've done on the industrial internet. Yeah, and so that's really June's editorial theme, and we're very excited about this, and also our partners at O'Reilly Media have done a lot of work in this, I don't know if you know Tim, and they've done a great job at their conferences, so we're kind of collaborating with them on some of this as well. So we're very excited. That's awesome, I mean, it's going to be staggering when pretty much everything is connected, and it has severe ramifications, doesn't it? Yeah, I mean, I think it's- Privacy versus freedom. You know, the whole analytics theme, making Hadoop Enterprise ready, that's all nice, but the internet of things, given the numbers that you just cited, it has just ridiculous potential, and it's interesting, you see the IBM Smarter Planet, and now you see GE with all the commercials, it's like you've got two big players going after it. You know, this is the old saying, one lawyer in town, nobody makes any money, two lawyers, they both get rich, so let's see what happens there. It also falls up on the movie theme, Fred, and all the good movies, scenes back to the future, and all these great movies that predict the future, and all these internet things are going to be like E.T., right, they're all going to phone home, they're all reporting back their condition. They all are going to be phoning home. Absolutely, and the other thing that came up in another conference is really how transformative to business that will be in terms of changing their business, for instance, should GE sell jet engines, or should GE sell jet propulsion, where they manage the engine, and they manage everything about the engine. Correct. Or data. They're not going to mention the data about the engine. Yeah, and you see that, you know, they're running even a television ad right now that talks about their locomotives feeding all that data right back to them so that they can maintain them and keep them better operational efficiency. Yeah. GE, they a customer? They're a wonderful customer. So Fred, you started our conversation yesterday and your keynote today talking about how proud you are that you've been a programmer for 40 years. So talk about that a little bit. Yeah, I think when people are able to find a passion, a deep passion that they're reasonably good at and they can make some money at, I mean, what? It's almost unfair. Yeah, it's almost unfair. And you know, every day I've woken up since I've been 17 years old, I've wanted to write some code. And pretty much I fulfilled that dream.   I love it when it's liberating and enabling.  And I think that has been why I've been so focused on simplicity all these years as well. I think we can all relate with that and frustrations that we've had in our lives with technology. So take it, we started to talk a little bit yesterday about the journey that is service now. And I went back to sort of 2003 and you had this sort of idea to build this platform. And you took us back even before that. So let's review some of that for those not familiar with the service now story. How did it all start? Well, I was working for an enterprise software company at the time. And I noticed all these things happening on the internet.  And I thought, wow, to do that in my class of software, you'd have to take a course, you'd have to go through a one week exercise and then it would be something you didn't want and you'd have to repeat. And you saw things, I have a brother who sells insurance and we were walking down the street in Chicago and he was phone beeped. And I said, what's going on? He said, somebody just spent, my wife just spent $700 at wherever it was. And I thought, how did you get that? He said, oh, Citibank lets me send SMSs when certain things hit my account. And I thought, my God, what's happening in the consumer space is absolutely stunning. And remember, this is around the turn of the century, what's happening in the enterprise space is more of the boring old same, right? It's just, it's horrible. So there has to be a better way, a simpler way for enterprise software. That was really the catalyst. Okay, and so then how did you get started? I mean, you didn't start, if I understand it correctly, with, okay, I'm going to go solve the problem of IT service management, right? In fact, that was the last thing I was going to do when I left my previous employer, I thought, there's a business segment I will never, ever, ever get back into. My definition of never is apparently nine months. But it really started off with what Gartner, in 2011 Gartner coined the term citizen developer. And my vision, my view was to be able to, and this is in 2003, October, November, 2003, be able to enable real people, real business people, to create meaningful workflow applications. And what that meant was for, to get any sort of work done, typically people fill out a form, right? Whether it's a prescription that you're taking to the pharmacy, or whether it's a request for travel, or a purchase order request, you're filling something out. And there's a very simple cycle that happens in business called request, respond, fulfill. And I thought, you know, before we had email, which has become like a de facto workflow engine, unfortunately, clerical people used to create forms, and those forms were in the copy room, and you'd go and grab the pink form if you wanted to go somewhere, and you'd grab the yellow form if you wanted to buy something. I thought, well, if clerical workers were doing that 15 years ago, why can't those same skilled people build something today using modern technologies? So the notion of the citizen developer is somebody who is not technical, who doesn't know what a database necessarily is, who definitely doesn't know what JavH, TML, Javascript, CSS is. They take a platform like ours, or even forest.com to some extent, and they can create a meaningful application for their business. And that was the whole notion, was solve this problem of having to have extremely highly skilled programmers create simple applications. Yeah, and of course at the time, dot-com had imploded, and it was a test of terrible time for technology. Silicon Valley buildings were empty, and the state of tech was, does IT matter, and everybody was cutting budgets, and so you had this vision of, okay, just make it easier for people to develop, so you developed this platform. That's correct. Heads down, you started coding. That's correct. On November 5th, 2003, it was me, a laptop, and I spent about 25 pounds of Starbucks French roast. And so you just programmed for how long?  I did it about six or nine months by myself, just to try to prove out the platform concept, and then I took it to a couple of friends of mine and showed them the platform capabilities, and we got into this funny discussion. They would say, well, what can this platform do? And I would say, well, it can do anything you want. Well, name one thing. Well, name one thing you want it to do. And so this was not very productive, so plan B, which is still to make plan A work, was that we would build a set of apps that solved a business problem on top of this application to prove its value. And that's when I went back into this ITSM, ITOM, the asset management market that I swore I was never going to go back into again. Because you knew it. It was something in your head. It was an old market. It was yet, it was very much a growing market. It was an influential market that is and has been growing into something much bigger than it was. And it was tremendously underserved and expensive by very, very old technologies built in the early 90s and the early 80s. Yeah, so now talk a little bit about this notion of a single system of record and why was that important architecturally? I presume it was part of the fundamental architecture, but can you talk about that a little bit? Well, you know, an ERP department has a life cycle of things that they go through and IT department, excuse me, an IT department has a life cycle of things that they go through. And they typically would manage individual pockets of this life cycle in individual spreadsheets. So for example, they might manage the server spend for a trading floor, which could be up to, in one case, a quarter billion dollars a year in a single Excel spreadsheet with no visibility to upper management. They might be managing their project and portfolio, you know, in essence what they're rolling out, the new stuff, again, in another spreadsheet. So I talked to the CIO of Verizon and he said systems, processes Fred, I got about 2,500 systems that I use to run Verizon. Says 2,400 of those are individual Excel spreadsheets on people's desktops. And so this whole notion that you have an idea that somebody gets funded, that someone goes and procures or buys some technology to solve the problem that the idea is trying to solve, to getting it into production, to maintaining it while, during its life cycle of production, to eventually retiring and replacing it something else, that's the full IT life cycle that we're trying to manage as a single system of record. The reason that the single system of record is so important is that now you can roll up the data to the CIO level. These CIOs, we have CIOs with multiple billion dollar budgets. They care about really about three things. Number one, where did the money go? Number two, where is it going to go? And number three, am I putting my company at risk by investing in these areas? And so by rolling up all of this information and putting some financial data around it, this upper management now has a far better understanding of what's going on in the IT environment. Okay, but so others have had databases, right?  What was so special about your single system of record? Your CMDB, why is it so flexible? Why is it so powerful? Well, I think there's two things. Number one, you mentioned Kintana, which is a great product. But it was purpose-built to solve only a sliver of that ERP for IT problem. And there were many other great databases that were built to solve a sliver of the problem. And so the way that large software companies typically try to solve a big problem is they buy lots of stuff and then claim that it's integrated. And it's not, it's integrated on the PowerPoint and it's integrated on the invoice and there's no part in between. And so what we decided was simply- And maybe the UI, maybe. Maybe. It's funny, they use the term seamless, right? And as any tailor will tell you, what's wrong with the scene? It seems to work pretty well, it looks good on your jacket. But in any case, what we decided was all of this needed to be in one place because it's all interrelated. And you know, when you have an incident, when you have, say, a major trading system that's having a challenge, you want to know, number one, what are all the different parts? What are all the different parts of the IT infrastructure? Be it databases, servers, storage, networking capability, et cetera, that are part of that trading system. And then you want to know what possibly is having an outage. And then you want to go into almost the asset management portion because if I'm having problem with a piece of storage, I got to contact that vendor, I have to know who that person is that I'm supposed to get to. And I have to do this in a very timely fashion. So the notion that these can be individual systems is not a good notion. It'd be like, you know, keeping track of your cash in one spreadsheet and your bank account in another spreadsheet. You would never know what kind of money you had, right? So the notion that all of these parts are interrelated and you get the most value out of them when you can see the relationship. So one follow up on that and then Jeff's got some questions for you. So databases are today are relatively small. You know, you try to limit their size and there's a lot of them. And David Floyer and I, our CTO, when we met with Arne, your CTO, the light bulb went off and we said, okay, so all these small databases have business processes built up around them that are sort of hardwired to the database, if you will. What ServiceNow has enabled is I've got this single system of record. I can take whatever business process I want to draw on the board and I can apply it to the system. Yes. Or apply the system to it as opposed to having to hardwire my processes to some module. Is that the right premise? That we can continue to just build on and keep adding to the system? That the power of that central database, that single system of record, is that I can now, it gives me freedom in my business process. It does, so the biggest issue with creating any workflow system is knowing the people, places and things that are going to be involved in that workflow. So that's the heart of our system, not only the CMDB, but also all the locations, all the people that work there, the organizational hierarchy, all that's loaded into this class of system. And now I can build additional HR onboarding when you saw some of it today with the things that customers have done. Great applications that draw on that data. When Rob Phillips stood up there and created a conference room reservation system that drew on the location data and the contact data already in the system, you get to, it's not just a specialized, insular database, it's taking advantage of a lot of data that we already have. Seeing your vision through of what it is, Jeff. What's interesting is a lot of people when they do a startup, either you come at it from a platform perspective, which doesn't usually work because nobody wants to buy a platform, no one's got line item in a budget, someplace for, I need a new platform. Or they come at it from an app point of view. But then as you said, what often happened is, you have a purpose-built app, now you try to expand it and you're kind of gated by that, which you set up for that purpose-built app. What's unique about your story, you just described it, is you really, you say it was a platform, you designed it as a platform at first, but you did kind of have the app structure, which is basically a workflow app in mind. So you did build the platform before then building the go-to-market app, but since you started as a platform, it seems like then it's been easier to expand it and morph it into different kind of sub-applications. Well that's very true. And the app, it is a purpose-built platform. It does workflow, lots of workflow very well. Forms-based workflow, and it just so happens that IT service management and service relationship management in general just tends to be a form-based workflow as so many things are in an organization. But I have to give you another little clue. I was visited by Paul Moritz, who was at the time the CEO of VMware. And he really liked this system as well. And he said, Fred, how did you get so many things so right? And I said, Paul, this is the fourth time I've done it. So, you know, I did it in several generations of technologies over several generations of computing devices. And this time I think I might have gotten more right than the other three combined. Well the other thing you talked about in the keynote was Moore's Law. And obviously Moore's Law was specifically talking about microprocessors, but as we've seen with time and as the infrastructure, and I was at some really ASPs in terms of networking and computational horsepower on our devices, these crazy things that we all carry around which probably have more horsepower in them than most of the Apollo missions, I'm sure. Oh yeah. And how that enablement and kind of this perfect storm of infrastructure coming together has enabled cloud apps. And why now suddenly we have the big three cloud apps or before everyone was leery and it wasn't quite there. Yeah, you're absolutely right. And there were great things that happened during the dot com or dot bomb area, however you want to refer to it. We built out massive amounts of networking technology. Tremendous amount, we had tremendous oversubscription or actually we had tremendously overbuilt the amount of fiber optics we needed. And we're now finally taking advantage and finally hitting the ceilings on that. The other thing is that the advent of 4G networks or whatever is going to come after that, which are slowly becoming a reality, is really making things like our phone interface far more realistic to do than they were even a year and a half or two years ago. So yeah, Moore's Law as it applies to almost every part of the technology stack has benefited us. And you're right about these devices. If you saw our iPhone demo with the interactive graphics and the way things were sliding back and forth.  I mean, it just, number one, even if we didn't have that GPU, that thing would be too hot to hold and the battery would be dead in 10 minutes. And if we didn't have the great bandwidth, we wouldn't ever get any information. We just didn't watch the spinny thing. So it's a wonderful time, wonderful time. So we're getting the hook, but I just wanted to circle back to sort of the original vision, this platform. What do you want to do with it? And so you've developed an application focused on the IT problem, which is, it's an enormous tam. I mean, the IT business is, you're talking about a trillion dollar business. You've got 14% penetration of a global 2000. So a long way to go there and you're not just limited to the global 2000. We had one customer on yesterday, he said, well, we started with five seats. Right. And we've been talking, we need service now for all this queue back that we have and all our schedule is, we'll be kicking the tires. But so, and you know, people talk about how you got a path to a billion and all the other cool stuff doing great. But your, your tam, you know, is limit list based on what you just described. If I can do anything with that platform, where do you see taking this thing, you know, longer term? Well, I can't tell you specifically what kind of apps that we're going to build because I simply don't know. But I can tell you that it, it's my desire and it's a company's desire to become relevant to, to every employee that carries some kind of electronic device. In other words, whether you're being onboarded, whether you're being trained, whether you're interacting with HR, facilities, any sort of interactions where you're requesting work or trying to find information. It could be as mundane as, you know, what's our, what's our healthcare policy? What's my vision policy to, you know, do how much PTO time do I have? How does our 401k work, et cetera, et cetera? We want to be relevant to everybody in the business from that perspective. And we will be both enabling the platform application development capabilities and building new applications to reach further and further. Because these, these processes that you see throughout IT, these processes are repeatable throughout our lives. If you think about what is incident management? Incident's something which is broken and not working. So here's a classic incident. Honey, the toilet's running. That's an incident. Resolution of that incident is simply jiggling the handle, right? That's incident resolution in the ITIL terms.   You want to go into problem, you want to figure out what's the problem.  And then you go into change management, right? I got to replace a part. So your car doesn't start in the morning. So you jump it, right? That's the resolution of the incident. Why did I have to jump it? Did I leave the lights on last night or simply the battery reached the end of life and it's never going to recharge, right? So again, that's just problem management. So we see these, these things not only happen throughout all sorts of things in our business life, but it's also directly applicable to a lot of personal life. And right now I think it's dreadfully unfortunate that the major workflow engine for most of this ad hoc stuff is, in fact, email. You know, I just think it's a horrible workflow engine. Yeah, or in many cases nothing. And so we're talking about the internet of things before. I mean, that. Yes, the toilet will send you the signal, right? Right, well, all that data, you know, the opportunity to sort of put those pieces together is limitless. All right. Because the kids don't use email anymore. So all the next generation of employees don't use email. So it's all about, it's all about the smack. Well, Fred Lutty, real visionary, Paul Moritz, absolute, you know, wonderful visionary as well. And that's quite a compliment coming from Paul. So we've tracked him now for many, many years. Fred, thanks for spending so much time in theCUBE. Congratulations on a great event and building a great company. We really appreciate your time. Thank you for having me. It's been a pleasure. All right, keep watching everybody right back with our next guest right after this.


I'm here to give you another authentic village experience and I know and believe that if you watch the previous episode, you realize that my village experience was extreme. Damn! Let me know if you have done something like this before. I'm really living my best life experiencing an authentic village life here in the north of Namibia. In this episode, I'll be taking you guys along with me to meet the world's oldest tribe. Now we have to visit the bushmen. The bushmen? Yeah. In here? Yes, they are in the village. Okay. But they are a bit of a drive. How long is it going to take for us to get there? After the directions I've been giving you, I don't know how long I'm going to say. Maybe 15 minutes? 15 minutes. Yeah, so much. I mean, I think which is closer. Yeah? So... Yeah. We have to go behind the car, right? Yeah. We'll get behind the car. I think you also get very nice footage. Yeah. You see how the village looks like? Exactly. Yeah. Hey! Whoa! It's spreading all the way there. Whoa! Yeah. How do you grow? Grow mahangu. Do you know the porridge that we make? Yeah. So we take it from here. There's a whole process. We pound eventually and then we take it away. It's a mom, yeah? Yeah. Yeah, they're taking the cows too? Yeah. They are going to be sold. Whoa! It's a huge boot. Yeah. They are going to be sold. Whoa! It's a huge boot. Yeah. Wow! We farm with cattle. So now that's also part of your farm. Oh, the one we saw over there. Yes. This one. Yeah. So in the village, because the village is so far from town, we have cookah shops around. Okay. They sell your basic needs, like cooking oil, so bread, salt, so the basics are in here, so that because, you know, 100 kilometers from here, the poor don't have much money, so they come and get their basics here. You have enough? Yeah. Yes. If you want, yeah. Then let me promote alcohol on your video. There is plenty. So after you are done working, when the sun is around this side, then you get very busy. Gets very busy and the party starts. Now I do. Yeah. So here you have to greet, literally greet one by one. Everyone. Everyone. Eh? Yeah. That's what I heard you say. This one is eh? Yeah. This is the marketplace. Hmm. There's a few things. Shopping mall. Wow. Yeah. When shopping mall, again, the necessities that you need. Automatically. Okay. So in there is the brew, too far money. So she's going to give some for us. Okay. Then you see. You can taste. She likes it. Alcoholic. Yes. But it's like maybe one percent. One percent. Then definitely it tastes like palm wine, eh? Do you know palm wine? No, I don't. Get palm wine from a palm tree. Aha. So again, you have to drink. In our culture, if you are giving someone food, you must first drink. But that's my money. I buy it. Why do you have to drink? Because if they must prove that they didn't put anything. Put anything in the way. Yes. So it must kill her first before it kills me. What is it made of? So it's made, I eat it, but it's a pain. Then you just add water. Okay. Brown sugar. And brown sugar. Yeah. Oh, okay. Okay. No, it's true, man. Yo. I think I need to take this to Ghana. Y'all have to tell me the procedure. You know how you cook it. It tastes a little bit like palm wine, but it's not. You know malt? Mmm. It has a taste of malt. You know malt agnus? The beer? No, the other one. Thank you. Yeah. So what happens is if one buys, then everybody shares here. So this one for one person? No. So you keep buying around and then it keeps going around. It keeps going around. Aha. You can't drink alone. Can I just go and give it to them? Oh, sorry. Do you really want to drink it? We're going to meet the sand people. Can you do me a favor? Like this video. Subscribe, please. I'm begging you to subscribe and help us reach 900,000 subscribers. Enjoy the video. We are here. This is the Bushman Village. The Bushman Village. Yes, the sand people. They're the oldest inhabitants of Southern Africa. Wow. They are the oldest inhabitants of Southern Africa. Southern Africa or the entire world. The oldest tribe. Actually, the sand people, I read on the internet that it is the oldest tribe in the entire world. But we just fact check. We link it. And so that people can... Yeah. Yeah. But they are definitely one of the oldest inhabitants of Africa. Wow. And they have lived like this all the days of their lives. They just love to live in the bush. Yep. Even if you take them outside, they still don't want. They still don't want. I know like that side of Okongo, the government had built some houses for them.  They said no. Few months. They left. They abandoned the houses. And they went back to the bush. Wow. Yeah. So they are... What? Hunter gatherers. No. They feed on... The hunt. The hunt for it. Yeah. Like here, there's some springboks, some rebits this side. They hunt. Sometimes they chase until they catch. Sometimes they shoot to the arrows. Yep. Let's go. Let's go meet them. Oh. Think it about you and... Say, I'm sorry. I'm the woman in here. This is the woman in here. Yes. I'm the woman. Hey. Hey, no. I'm sorry. Maya. What? I'm the woman in here. Okay. So, we go bearing gifts. Let's go. So, you can see there's no compound. You just enter from anywhere. There's no gates. There's no gates. I'm the woman. So, that's their language. I'm the woman. I'm the woman. Yes. I'm the woman. Yes. I'm the woman. I'm the woman. Yes, I'm the woman. Yes. Hello. Yes. I'm the woman in here. Yes. So, they speak a variation of koisan. Koi-kwab. Koi-kwab. Koi-kwab. But in our language, you just call it oshkwangal. It has got clicks.  So, we are here. So, I'm telling you there was a time she said she wants to go on video and we must tell the people they must bring her a blanket. Oh.  We brought her a blanket. Yeah. Yeah. But their skin color looks... Don't look too black like me. No, they are... They are... All of them are light. All of them are light. It's just most of them... I told you, I think we came a bit late. Most of them, they go to the cooker shop. Oh, wait. What are you doing? What are you doing? What are you doing? What are you doing? So, we are calling her to come and greet us. What are you doing? We are calling her to come and greet us. Hey. I'm going to tell her to come and greet us. I'm going to tell her to come and greet us. No. Okay, so the elders, I'm asking about the elders. The elders have moved to another village. So, they just moved like this. But this one, from when I was like this, a baby. She carried me on her back. Oh. Yeah. You know what she did? So, she, because she carried me while I was young. She was my babysitter. She named one of her kids after me. Oh. Yes. So, when you name someone after the person, I have to come and greet the child. It means it's my child. So, where's the child now? She's telling me, apparently people are fighting for the child. So, she gave away. And she's saying she's been telling the people, no, that is somebody else's child. But they took the child. So, she's saying very, very thankful for bringing gifts. As you can see how they live. Yeah, it's very minimal living. Hello. So, we are going to see inside the hut now. Natu, where are you going? Okay. She's saying thank you. Thank you. Oh. Okay. Do you have to enter? Natu, let's go in. Yeah, let's go in. You want to enter? Yeah, I have to. Okay. So, we are going to enter the hut now. Hey. You cannot lean on the hut. What day do you fall? You bend. You bend? Yeah. Yeah. Like that. Oh, it's so cold in here. Is it cool? Very. Okay. So, it's so warm here. It gets warm during winter and then like it adjusts. The opposite happens on the outside. Yeah. So, when it's cold outside, it gets warm here. When it's warm outside, it gets cool because they light a fire.  Yeah. Then you put it out in the morning, every morning. Then this is their storage. I told you they don't have much. They don't store much. It's their sleeping place. It's their storage room. Yeah. So, what do they eat then? So, every day they go in hustle. But hustle is too serious for them. They just go and look for food every day to cook for that day. But sometimes like during pensioners' day, they buy like maybe 20 kg of meal-in-meal and then they come cook. But there's no storage. If they get meat, then they hang it to dry. So, I'm asking her where are her bands? Where do they store? And she said she doesn't have. Then I said where are the fields because they were given fields. Where are those fields so they can work? Government. Yeah. Then she said when one of them passed away, they just abandoned the field and they came to reset her here. Does she know her age? So, she's saying she doesn't know she's a bushman. She doesn't keep track. But she's definitely, definitely maybe towards her late 30s or she's 40-something. I asked how many kids that she had. Then she said she had six. One per stone. Now five. The older one. The older one. The older one. The older one. The older one. The older one. The older one. The older one. The older one. Fifth. The elder one . He is all knows it. He is there. Just here. Then the rest of four. The four ones. The four people. Like us . Okay. Where is the moment? Okay. They are just at the next village. They move from here. They move to the next village. They are sick. Oh, they see how they men look. Hello, my name is Eik. This one here. Say Banguala. Yeah, Banguala. Banguala. Banguala. Banguala. No, Billy. No, no. No, no. Billy, ma. No, ma. I'm used to them there, my people. Yeah, I'm also used to them there. Good.  Yes. But he's wearing clothes. Yes. It doesn't mean that they don't want their coach anymore or something. Let me ask them. How old are you? I'm 12 years old. How old are you? I'm 12 years old. Oh ho. I don't know. Oh ho. So, the reason why they don't do it anymore, is because it's so scarce. So the hunting of the animals, I think they've, because he's old now, he can't hunt. You have to hunt and then you have to work the skin yourselves. I've seen the process while I was growing up. They used to dress like that. But now it's so scarce. They're more feathered away. They're slowly modernizing. That's why they are now wearing clothes. Instead of the... Yeah. But most of them, I think they really wear those things more for showcasing now. Because I think also the temperatures are changing. The climate is changing. It's becoming a bit unbearable for them. So they now just, they wear clothes. But I definitely know that he knows his age. He doesn't know. He doesn't know. He doesn't know. He doesn't know. He doesn't know. He doesn't know. He doesn't know. But he's a pensioner. Now, Namibia, for you to get a grant from the government, you get about $1,300. You have to be above the age of 60. He's above the age of 60. He doesn't know the exact number. No, he doesn't know the exact number. Can you ask him what makes the sound people unique? Okay. So she's saying it's because of how they are created. They are created uniquely and they believe that they are different from the Uambo people. You know? She doesn't want to sit really there. She was going somewhere. She's going somewhere. Yes, she's going to the cook shop. So because of how they are created, I think they are created uniquely and that's what makes them. And they are very proud. So in Namibia, to call them a kuangala is derogatory. Like in Venduk, I guess. But here, they are very proud to be called a kuangala.  Like I am a koisan. Yeah, from my beginning to my end I'm a koisan. I wanted to know if they have gender roles in here. Like these are for men and these are for women. Okay. So yes, they have gender roles. So what happens, for example, is the men collect the wood but the woman makes the hat. Like that. And then the woman collects the fetch and the men go in and cut down the wood like that. So generally, the women cook unless the women are not feeling well then they cook. Yeah. So did they eat together? Okay, so it's very similar to our culture.  Unless it's just the two of them, yeah. Mi casa su casa let's go into the house. Men daba Men daba nul. Oh my god. There's no mattress. Ma, men daba nul to tungu over. I am a well-arriano. So she does a bit of um, beadwork but she's been lazy these days. I don't know what's happening. We came to see how old you are. We came to see how old you are. I brought you up and look at how old you are. Of course I'm old. So they make porridge and these hibiscus roasts is what they make so sweet. Yeah.


Hey, this is Mike from Truckin' in Wyoming. You're watching TJV, Trucker Josh Wads As he's going down the road with his best buddy Diesel Give us a thumbs up. Don't forget to subscribe. Have a great day Diesel of the weasels and the weasels Diesel Lord weasel, can we go back to big bang you are we The sun's up man time to go to work My happy you to go to work. I'm gonna go back to sleep Okey-dokey As they say wheels have released. I set my trailer brakes overnight, but it's not that cold Probably with 32 Fahrenheit right now Which to me is not very cold this thing Let's take this thing on the road. Let's Get at it two full days of driving yet to get to BC So I've tightened my load down and made sure that everything is good to go done my pre-trip Got in the truck up to a point that Good for the highway. Let me go through some mountains today Now this makes me happy spaces of the West we're in Wyoming right now the very tip of the northeast corner just barely going through Wyoming through places and I tell you guys Oh, this is my favorite place. Oh, this is my favorite place And then I get back to like the Wyoming, Utah Montana West of the US and I'm just like no This is where I belong Yeah, thank you. I ever moved to the US and that would ever happen for whatever reason I think that's where I'd find myself at home not too far south though You guys are crazy critters down there that I'm not used to I'm from the snow.  I mean the weather is nice. Yeah, I Kind of like the snow. I mean, I like the cold middle of nowhere around here We're gonna be crossing the border into Montana eastern southeastern Montana right away And Montana's definitely in my top three favorite states, maybe even my top two Now we're happy where we are right now up in Canada.  So as long as we keep buying each other stuff I got lots to do and I got no reason to move because I'm Not gonna uproot my entire family Just because I feel like moving to the US We're good enough in Canada It's a great country. They're both good countries There are more freedoms in the US that I would love to enjoy But I'm not like I'm not in a position where I need to run away and abandon my country just because I feel like No, for some reason whatever reason God saw fit to place me into Canada into southeastern Manitoba, and that's where my home is He decided to put me there so that's where I'm that's where I'm supposed to be And unless the circumstances force me out of there, that's where I'll stay I Love coming to visit these less. I love coming down here great people Great great scenery Great country, I'm a big fan of the US. I don't know if you've noticed this or not I'm a big fan doesn't mean I'm not a fan of Canada But I don't know I just I think we live in a great part of the world like North America Canada in the US Like what a what a great place to be born into Like out of the out of all the countries in the world. I was born into North America That's enough right there to be thankful we live in the most awesome part of the world.  Look at that It's not the best wrap job. I guess I could have made it a little bit tighter and neater, but What oh that sound the sound of 18 wheels Do you guys like that sound too? I live for that Sound of the whistling turbo It's a good day. I think it was happy because it's not cold It makes one happy trucker excuse me. I've got a problem with stuff getting stuck in my throat today I just had a few fries. Oh, I'm excited. I'll get out of here. Does it matter? I'm gonna go to Missoula for night option for us Missoula flying J hard to see it doesn't really come in Missoula, Montana Fuel up here find a nice parking spot That's your destination on the left side town pump number 8,500 Town pump, but they got pilot fuel first. We need to put fuel in our tanks


Scarface, you know me and Scarface are tight tight tight, he so each sung us that song I can I can tell you what we were like in his car and he was just letting us hear the demo tape of that song What up the get I mean like I remember like with my play tricks on me I can't sleep, of course they turn, candles kicks in the dark, visions of bodies being burned Yeah we on boss talk one on one, one on one, yeah we gon' talk Don't even know my name was Harvey Kelly well now that they got you know got Facebook and all this kind of stuff Like that they know it whatever but it's been Harvey love Harvey love Harvey love and that popularity blew me up in school And that's how I got it so yeah so so you get when did you first uh start uh you know uh producing the tracks to tracks This is this is what happened that's a uh big mellow yeah okay okay that's what put me in the game professionally So because he and I would you know he was the rapper I was the DJ at all of Madison Towner shows We got together and got you know went professional signed with Rappelot after we after we graduated How old were you so uh at that time yeah I was 19 I was yeah I was eight I graduated 17 turned 18 next month I was 19 years old okay I signed with Rappelot when I signed with Rappelot I was on there when you like me Scarface you know Willi Dee all of us you know what I'm saying You know the other boys Big Mike wasn't Mr. Lee there with y'all he wasn't there yet Not yet no Lee wasn't there really so that was early on it was early I don't I don't believe Lee was there You was early with him it was like yeah yes indeed yeah yeah so you was there when uh I never seen a man cry until I've seen a man die Scarface you know me and Scarface are tight tight tight He so each uh sung us that song I can I can tell you what we were like in his car And he was just letting us hear the demo tape of that song The ghetto I mean like I remember like with uh my playing tricks on me That was a song that was gonna be uh like some solo stuff that he was doing but it fit the ghetto boys better Yeah as a group.  Meaning said that it fit the whole ghetto. No, no, no, I don't know how they I guess they got together in that But you see what I'm saying. Okay, we were at a club called boomerang Scarface let me hear that him rapping that song by himself Now we'll you know will he be in and that's why he had to be there but we just heard absolutely So will he be in bush because it was probably involved. They probably wrote all wrote the song together whatever But when face let us hear it. It was just him by itself And so I'm like man, that's amazing that song was amazing knew it was good. Oh, man. I already knew About the you know because for me from DJ Yeah, I already knew about the war uh sample that he used everything I already knew what you know, it was just like wow Wow, and the eyes of haze the eyes of haze and stuff. Yeah, uh, that's what it was the eyes of haze So it was like man, it was so it was amazing. You know what I'm saying? So We you know, I'm like wow, man that music right there. He took that music and made this how did you how did you when you've heard The final version. How did you feel? It was crazy. It was crazy.  It was it was way above what I could have anticipated. Yeah, because when you think about it was crazy The way be your deal. I don't know people don't want will he wrote that verse for for bush weak Yeah, yeah, but he's a monster. I didn't feel him This year halloween fell on the weekend Me and ghetto was a trick or treat.  Was he Bill was from bushwick. He was from new york. He was from new york bushwick, brookman. Yeah, but he came here and he Will he start pushing him into this culture with the way he was raised, right? Well Bill was actually there You know with johnny c in ready read, you know, it bill was there in jukebox. Okay bill was there before everything So he was there all the time. Yeah, he liked so he was from the south really. We are here. Well, he was here Yeah, man, but bill was nice bill was nice, too.  I mean If you know you if you don't wouldn't if you didn't see a witness these shows that the ghetto boys were We're doing as a you wouldn't even miss the treat. Oh my goodness. We were we're on the label with him We're on the show. We're opening up. We doing this, you know, me and big mellow whatever Mellow had amazing role. He would be with us.  He would finish our show Go back in the dressing room change and come back out You know see him either with the ghetto boys or with scarface You know what he wouldn't pretty much be together But he'll be like scarface is high man and scarface doing a like a show by, you know Solo because he was so so scarface was solo artist as well. Yeah. Yeah, he was so so mellow was scarface's hype man So he was really working that.  Here we go


One of the most important concepts of linear algebra is the concept of an eigenvalue and its associated eigenvector. And we'll define them this way. Suppose A is a matrix. An eigenvalue eigenvector pair is a value lambda and a nonzero vector x, where the matrix A applied to the vector x gets us lambda times the matrix x. And if we look at this carefully and we think about A as some sort of linear transformation, then what this equation tells us is that the linear transformation of A applied to x gives us a scalar multiple of x. Now it's very important to understand that the eigenvector x cannot be the zero vector. However, the eigenvalue lambda could be equal to zero. And one more note, this prefix eigen is the German word for characteristic, because in some sense these eigenvalues and eigenvectors are characteristics of A. Now before we try to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors, let's make a few observations. First of all, in order for there to be any possibility of having an eigenvector or eigenvalue, A has to be a square matrix. You should prove that this is the case. Next, suppose I have an eigenvector for a given eigenvalue, then any scalar multiple of that eigenvector will also be an eigenvector for that eigenvalue. And again, this is something you should be able to prove very easily. And finally, suppose I have two eigenvectors for a given eigenvalue, then their sum will also be an eigenvector for that eigenvalue. Well, let's see how we can solve this problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors. So let A be the 2 by 2 matrix. Let's see if we can find all eigenvalues and eigenvectors of our matrix A. So if we want to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we can try solving a system of equations. What we want is a linear transformation applied to a column vector x1, x2 to give us a scalar multiple of that column vector. And so this gives us the system of equations with corresponding coefficient matrix. We can row-reduce this system of equations. And remember that if x is an eigenvector for eigenvalue lambda, then so is any scalar multiple of our vector x. And that means there's going to be an infinite number of solutions, x1, x2. And so we must be able to parameterize the solutions. We need to have at least one free variable. Well, the only way that can happen is if we have a row of zeros someplace. So the system has to end with a row of zeros. And so it's necessary that this last term, 2 minus lambda times 1 minus lambda minus 6, must be equal to zero. So we'll solve that equation and find that we have solutions lambda equals 4 and lambda equals negative 1. And this gives us two eigenvalues, lambda equals negative 1 and lambda equals 4. So how do we find the eigenvectors? Remember that when our linear transformation acted on the eigenvector, it produced a scalar multiple of the eigenvector. And since we know the eigenvalues, this allows us to set off a system of equations. So for lambda equals negative 1, we know that our matrix acting on the vector x1, x2 gives us negative 1 times x1, x2. We can rewrite this as a system of linear equations. And then solve to get the solutions in parameterized vector form. Since any scalar multiple of an eigenvector will also be an eigenvector, we can let s equal 1 and get negative 3, 2 as our representative eigenvector. Maybe. This process is complicated enough and there's plenty of places to make mistakes, so let's actually verify that this works. So if we did everything correctly, then applying the linear transformation A to the vector negative 3, 2 should give us a scalar multiple of our original vector. In fact, it should be negative 1 times our original vector because that's the eigenvalue. So let's check it out. Let's multiply our matrix by our column vector negative 3, 2. And if we do that, we find we have 3 negative 2, which is in fact negative 1 times our original. And so A applied to our eigenvector gives us negative 1 times our eigenvector as we want it. What about our eigenvalue? Lambda equals 4. So again, for lambda equals 4, we'll want our matrix A applied to whatever the eigenvector is to be 4 times the eigenvector. So that gives us the system of equations negative 3x1 plus 3x2 equals 0 and 2x1 plus negative 2x2 equals 0. And we'll take our coefficient matrix and row reduce it and get parameterized solutions in vector form x1x2 equals s times 1, 1. And again, we'll let s equal 1 to get our representative eigenvector 1, 1. And since the first eigenvector work for the first eigenvalue, you can assume that this eigenvector works too. But I'd check it anyway. So again, the matrix A applied to the vector 1, 1 should give us a scalar multiple of the vector 1, 1. In particular, it should give us 4 times the vector 1, 1. So we'll apply our matrix to the vector 1, 1 and we'll get the vector 4, 4, which is in fact 4 times our original vector as we wanted. And so now we have two eigenvalues and they're corresponding eigenvectors.


Felly, rydw i'n gwneud, gennych nhw pethau, ac yn y gweithgaredd, nid o'r cyfnod, rydw i'n gweithio'n cyfnod. 2. Neil Findlay Ie, rydw i'n gwneud eich cyffredinol, ond mae'n dod yn derbyn i'rとffordd i'r byw hwn o'r sylfaeth? Yn gweithgaredd, Neil Findlay. Ddau'r ddeuiddio'r ddansr. Felly, rydw i'n gweithgaredd, mae'r tydd cyfnod rydw i'n ddysgu'r digon conference calls, computers and email. If so, why are those methods of communication not included in the lobbying bill, and it is only face-to-face communications? The Government has sought to introduce a proportionate bill that balances the legitimate interests of Parliament, the public and wider society. It is widely recognised that face-to-face meetings with ministers and MSPs are seen as the most effective and influential means of communication. It is important to consider carefully whether any extension of the scope of the register would continue to be proportionate, simple, not place a burden on organisations and, I think, very importantly not potentially lead to a barrier to the openness of this Parliament and the public's desire to engage in democracy. It is vital in a democracy that the public is able to address their concerns to their elected representatives. What assurances can the Scottish Government give that this bill will not compromise accessibility? The member makes an interesting point, and it is about balance, so we have tried to bring forward a bill that is proportionate and balanced. Therefore, it will increase transparency while not eroding the important openness that this Parliament cherishes so much. It is about getting balance. If there were proposals to extend the bill further, it would be very important that those proposals were examined carefully to make sure that it was not impacting on the openness of this Parliament. Annabelle Goldie Sorry, I was not proposing to come in. That is fine, you can sit down again, I will call you when you want to come in. Question number three, John Mason. To ask the Scottish Government what discussions it has had with First Group concerning the proposed closure of the Parkhead bus depot and the potential for redundancies or job transfers. As it happens, I visited First Caledonian depot on Tuesday and was impressed at the substantial investment that has been made and what is now the biggest bus depot in Britain. First explained that it is discussing with staff how they can best use this investment to improve staff facilities across Glasgow. I understand that First Glasgow's business director John Cahill has written to the member confirming that there would be no redundancies arising from the closure and offering a meeting to discuss the situation in more detail with Mr Mason. John Mason I thank him for that answer. I mean, I just wonder if he would agree with me that First Bus has been particularly poor at communicating both with the public and with some of their employees. And the remains concern in the east end of Glasgow about the impact on jobs and on bus services. Minister Mr Mason takes such matters very seriously. I also know that there is a first group that has gone beyond their legal obligations. It is about being proportionate. I am advised that first consulted through a formal letter to the three Unite conveners in First Glasgow, followed by a formal presentation to the joint consultative committee. All they said, they have gone beyond those requirements. They have been clear about no redundancies and I am sure that reassurance is very welcome. In terms of the condition of the Parkhead depot, it is a 93-year-old building. Therefore, the changes that are made, the investments that are made, I would encourage good communication with the staff, because that should be a positive move from the operator that can improve facilities and, in due course, the wider transport network in that area. Question 4, Ken Macintosh. To ask the Scottish Government how the reduction in its overall funding over the last seven years compares with that for local government. Minister, Mark Bairdge. No part of the public sector in Scotland has been immune to the UK Government's sustained austerity programme, but despite real-terms cuts of around 9 per cent to the Scottish budget over the last five years, Scotland's local authorities have been treated very fairly under this administration and protected from the worst of the impact of the UK cuts. Complexities over the machinery of government changes make accurate time series comparisons problematic. For example, the Scottish Government has taken on responsibility for council tax benefit, and a true comparison of local government funding over the last seven years is not straightforward due to the transfer of responsibility for the police and fire services. Our best estimate of a like with like comparison shows that local government funding has reduced by 3.5 per cent in real terms over the period compared with the Scottish Government's Dell plus non-domestic rates income budget, reducing by 4.5 per cent. I'm interested by the Government's figures. Perhaps he should consult with Spice because they've done a similar calculation, and they were able to work out or estimate that the Scottish Government's funding has declined by 3 per cent in real terms, but the local government has suffered a 6 per cent real terms cut. In other words, a double of the cut has been passed to the Scottish Government. Perhaps more important looking forward, we know that the settlement for Scotland is not going to be good. Will the minister guarantee our local authority colleagues that they will be able to protect public services and care for the elderly and those with disabilities because he will not pass on in real terms any more than is inflicted on him? The Scottish Government is in extensive discussions with COSLA at this point going over the spending review and the proposed settlement for local government. That is an on-going point of discussion. However, I suggest to Ken Macintosh that, if he really does want to see what local government being cut looks like, he should go just across the border, just a few stops on the east coast mainline. He would see what happens when governments don't try to protect local government when ideological attacks are taken. I am looking at the last IFS analysis of the last UK Government budget. It found reductions of 27.4 per cent by the UK Government to English local authorities, and that only got worse in the last announcement on 25 November. I would say to Ken Macintosh to realise just how much this Government is doing everything that it can to protect local government, especially when all those cuts burn it over to our budget, too. Do you recall any time over the last seven years that Ken Macintosh contacted you with suggestions on those areas of the Scottish budget that he wanted to cut in order to fund local government? Given up until now that the Scottish Government has had to operate with virtually a fixed but declining budget, do you agree that it is both cynical and disingenuous of Opposition members to demand increased expenditure on one portfolio without clarifying exactly how they would pay for it with reductions in another? I note that Ken Macintosh has taken to the press to suggest that there should be £755 million more funding on local government. The Government is always open to suggestions from Opposition parties, so I would invite anyone who thinks that funding should be increased to local government by £755 million to take the fag packet that was written on and right on the back how exactly that would be paid for, because that would be almost a 40 per cent increase in council tax. Last I heard—although that does change a lot—that the Labour Party was supporting the council tax freeze. To ask the Scottish Government what uptake of grants was from the Centenary Memorial Restoration Fund in 2014-15. Grant funding of £224,000 and £378 was provided under the Centenary Memorial Restoration Fund to 28 projects in the 2014-15 financial year, bringing the total to over £1.5 million and 67 projects since the scheme started. I thank the cabinet secretary for that positive answer. In my constituency of Glasgow Annesland, as in all other constituencies across Scotland, there are a significant number of war memorials. Unfortunately, the poor condition of many of those is plain for all to see. I believe that we are all conscious of institutions such as schools, football, bowling and social clubs that have their own memorials. Can the minister tell me what more the Scottish Government is doing to encourage those groups to take up the opportunity to apply for funding to upgrade these memorials? The fund is £1 million from the period that was announced from 2013 to 2018. As I said, more than £1.5 million has already been allocated. Members can help to promote schemes in their own area. I understand that there has been a visit to the Yoka memorial by the Centenary Memorial Trust's conservation officer, although there has not been an application made as yet from the member's constituency. The grant is up to 75 per cent of eligible costs, up to a maximum grant of £30,000. We take every opportunity that we can to promote such works and to have an opportunity for communities to make sure that their memorials are in a good state of repair. I encourage members across the chamber to look at what they can do in their own constituencies, and we, as Government, will continue to promote it as we have been. Presiding Officer, to ask the Scottish Government what measures it will take to protect vulnerable people affected by the weather this winter. The Scottish Government has taken a range of measures to protect vulnerable people against the effects of weather this winter. Tackling fuel poverty remains a priority for this Government. This year, a record budget of £119 million is being made available for fuel poverty and energy efficiency, helping vulnerable groups to stay warm. In November, we launched our 2015 Ready for Winter campaign to encourage people in communities to take simple steps to prepare for tough winter conditions. Our seasonal flu programme, launched on 1 October, offers free seasonal flu vaccination and will help to protect more than 2 million people, including vulnerable groups, from catching flu this winter. Of course, NHS boards have been working with their partners throughout the year to ensure that they have robust winter plans in place. Annabelle Goldie? Presiding Officer, the national record of Scotland winter mortality in Scotland 2014-15 found that there were 22,011 deaths registered in Scotland in the four months of winter, December to March, compared with 18,675 in winter 2013-14. It is clear that an ageing population with growing health problems winter in itself is becoming a threat to good health. Can the cabinet secretary tell me which of the measures she has just outlined, she considers, is most specifically targeted at that vulnerable group? Is she satisfied that all attempts have been taken with the coldest winter predicted for many years to support people who find themselves threatened by that challenge? I am sure that the member will be aware of the chief medical officer's interest in this matter. Indeed, she was very engaged this week on looking at the analysis of the winter mortality figures and what lies behind those, and a lot of work has been done on that. I would say to the member that all of the measures that I outlined have a direct impact on protecting the most vulnerable, whether it be the NHS board plans that they have in place in partnership with their local authority colleagues. Of course, this year the plans are far more integrated than previously involving social care colleagues in making sure that the most vulnerable can be supported during winter. Of course, the general ready for winter campaign has some very pertinent advice through the Ready Scotland website for how people can keep safe and warm at home, and the fuel poverty measures are of particular relevance to those who are most vulnerable. I am happy to write to Annabelle Goldie if she would like any further information on that. When it last met with South West of Scotland Transport Partnership and what issues were discussed? My officials from Transport Scotland met with SwissTrans last week to discuss local aspirations for the reopening of Betuck station. Lee Murray? I am delighted to hear that those discussions have taken place. The minister will be in way, and in fact that there are community-led campaigns for the reopening of Betuck. There is also a halt at East Riggs and a station at Thornhill. Some years ago, the Scottish Government announced a stations fund for that purpose. I wonder if you can give me some sort of progress report in terms of how far we are in the progress of reopening these stations? I have certainly recalibrated the stations fund debate, focused on new stations where that is possible. There are a number of bids in the system at the moment. Any application for new stations must be considered through the due process of STAG. That is the appraisal for transport options and other approaches by relevant promoters, be it local authorities or regional transport partnerships. I am happy to offer further support from officials to guide local communities through that process. To ask the Scottish Government when the Cabinet Secretary for Culture, Europe and External Affairs last met Creative Scotland and what issues were discussed. I last met with the chair of Creative Scotland Richard Finlay on 12 November when we discussed a number of issues of importance to arts and culture in Scotland, including BBC charter renewal and the spending review. I am sure that the cabinet secretary will be aware of the fantastic campaign by the remembering Mary Barber association in my constituency, which seeks to create a permanent memorial to a remarkable woman of whom the people of government remain very proud. Does the cabinet secretary share my regret at the decision of Creative Scotland to reject an application for support for what is an exciting artistic project? Will she raise that disappointing response with Creative Scotland? Will she agree to meet with me and members of the remembering Mary Barber campaign to explore how the Scottish Government could support this initiative to remember a hugely important woman in the history of Govan, Glasgow and beyond? I am aware of the campaign. I support the campaign. I think that it is a very important initiative to give credence and support and memory to a very important campaigner at a very important time. However, I am frequently asked by members of the Opposition to direct Creative Scotland to fund particular projects and not to then, on the other hand, have direct ministerial control of decisions that are taken. In terms of agreeing to meet with the member, I am more than happy to do that, but she can understand that the Government itself does not support new memorials that tend to be funded by subscription. However, what we can try to do to raise the profile of the initiative to help to encourage that public subscription to that statue would be very important. However, I cannot interfere with individual parts on decision making for individual projects, but I am happy to try to help Creative Scotland to understand more about what the project is and the community engagement that it has involved. Question 9, Stuart McMillan. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government when it last met NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Cabinet Secretary, Shona Robison. Minister is and Government officials regularly meet with representatives of all boards, including NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. I thank the cabinet secretary for that reply. I warmly welcome the announcement made last week by the Deputy First Minister that the European funding classification issue has been finalised and that the new Inverclyde care home project can progress. That is welcomed by many constituents. Can the cabinet secretary provide reassurances that the Inverclyde Royal hospital has a sustainable future heritage and is firmly in the plans of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde to provide services in Inverclyde for many years to come? Well, can I also welcome the progress that is being made on the Inverclyde care home and can I assure the member that Inverclyde Royal hospital does indeed have a bright future? The hospital is a valued local facility and very much part of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde's plans for the future. I am sure that they would be happy to meet with Stuart McMillan to appraise him of the plans for the hospital going forward. During the cabinet secretary's meeting with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, did she discuss the Scottish public finances update, which, of course, brought to an end the unnecessary and distressing delay to the Ravish Gag older care unit construction programme? Can the cabinet secretary confirm that any increases due to increased construction costs will be met in full by the Scottish Government and ensure that there is no further unnecessary delay to this very important project in my constituency? Well, this is indeed a very important project in Duncan MacNeill's constituency and I'm glad that he welcomes the progress that is being made. He will be aware that there is a robust financial plan around this project and I would be happy to keep the member informed about the robust financial planning around that. We'll deliver this project on time and on budget. 10. Cameron Buchanan To ask the Scottish Government what is the average waiting time for GP referral is for elective surgery in the NHS Lothian. In the year ending 30 September 2015, the median waiting time in Lothian for a first outpatient consultation was 38 days and 42 days for inpatient and day case treatment. Cameron Buchanan Thank you very much. I think that it's simply not good enough when patients are left in the dark for very long periods when the next stage of treatment will be and what can be extremely distressing. What does the Scottish Government have to make use of the NHS consistently better informed? We would certainly expect all boards to make sure that they deliver timely treatment for patients and where there is any delay, for example, due to recruitment or retention issues, that they are communicating with patients and making sure that they are fully informed of when their treatment can commence. If the member has any specific patient concerns around individuals, I would be happy if he wanted to write to me with those and I would be able to give him a fuller answer on the specific patient cases. Thank you. We now move to First Minister's Questions. Question number one.


There is an armed conflict going on in certain parts of Iraq, and sometimes it's really heavy, it's massive, and it's very violent. The number of the displaced has really climbed up very rapidly, and some people are talking about hundreds of thousands of displaced people who had to flee. Homes, sometimes hospitals, have been somehow targeted. In addition to that, there are usually a certain number of health staff working in such hospitals. When there is fighting, the number is reduced a great deal. And this happens when you really need more staff, because there are more injuries coming to the hospitals. Medicines, medical supplies become harder to get to medical facilities as well, because the situation is not safe, access is difficult. It's also difficult for the wounded to arrive to the hospitals because of the fighting. These places and these crews are there to save lives. I would like to appeal all parties to the conflict to make their work easier by allowing them to travel and to reach these places as quickly as possible, because one minute could make the difference between somebody's life or death. Most of the people who have left their homes have actually taken refuge with family members, other family members in other towns, villages and cities. When I was in Bartalla, for example, a lot of people told me that they have hosted one or two or three families, which has actually degraded the economic situation of the host families as well. So what the ICRC has been doing is trying to actually assist both the displaced people and the host families, because as they again told me, there is no employment. In many of these places, economic life has actually stopped. One thing that I really like to point out in particular is how resilient children are. Wherever I have been, they seem to be happy, they go around doing their job, they adjoin the lives of their families. And I think that somehow relieves a lot of the pain that the families have actually suffered. What we are providing to such displaced people is what is needed most at such a difficult hour of their or time of their lives. It's mainly water, food and other relief items that they really badly need, because many of them have left with nothing with them. They just carried their children and ran away because of the fear and the danger of being harmed.


I'm pleased today to be signing into law this House Resolution 2156. This legislation is aimed at maintaining the quality of medical care for our veterans. Five state medical schools have been established under the Veteran Administration Medical School Assistance and Health Manpower Training Act of 1972, but due to some unavoidable delays they may lose some of the funds that were allocated to them. House Resolution 2156 provides an additional year for the medical schools to use the monies that were allocated by the original act. And these monies allocated to improve the health care of veterans will not be withdrawn simply because of unavoidable delays that prevented meeting of artificial deadlines set within the original legislation. We owe more than money to those who wore their countries uniform and sacrificed in our behalf, and we will not waver in our obligation to them. So I am particularly pleased to sign this bill, which represents a sound and productive program for helping American veterans and all the American people. So saying, I'll sign it. This is the only question I'll take on that. Let me explain something about that. We did have, it wasn't possible for me to get out there, we did have representatives who met with the original group that came in protesting and were demonstrating, you might say, and they were satisfied that we were doing the things that they were there asking for. With regard to Agent Orange and the doubling of money for research on that, the helping of veterans, increasing the, we're doubling the amount also for the Veterans Treatment Centers, the Vietnam Veterans Treatment Centers, and we are also going forward with a program for what is known as delayed, the effects of delayed stress. And this latter group then came in and apparently were unwilling to accept that these things had already been agreed to. So this was the only reason the others who had come in and heard the case that was presented left satisfied.


If the stability of your platform is threatened by any change or growth in your beliefs, liberal or conservative, you need a new platform. Big Christian industry machine tells us that our words are worth the viability they contain. But how are these the same people who claim to follow a God who says the kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed, small and unnoticed until one day it suddenly bursts forth with life?