So do you dream about somebody that you like or know? If you dream about the same person constantly there's a number of different reasons or meanings that can have so in this video I'm gonna tell you kind of the main reasons or meanings that it can have if you keep dreaming about someone if you keep dreaming about the same person someone you work with someone You like or even someone you love, you know There's there's actually different meanings depending on the context of it So I'm gonna get into what it actually means now before I get into this obviously dream meaning or dream interpretation This is a very subjective area. I haven't really spoken about this many times before in you know in other videos because Dream meaning is so subjective and personal that it can be difficult to actually give accurate answers You know if you read a dream interpretation or a dream meaning it can mean something completely different to if I read the same Meaning you know let's say if you have a dream about a horse or something If I had a dream about a horse it would mean something different to me then it would mean to you So with any dream meaning article video course e-book or anything talking about what your dreams actually mean you need to be very Aware that it's a subjective area of study You have to consider what the symbols mean to you specifically and not what they mean to Society as a whole because everyone's so individual and different so the dream meanings you have to take them on a very subjective Level so what they mean for you will be different to what the dream meaning means for you for me So what does it actually mean if you dream about someone and before very quickly before I get into this? I do have a e-book program which tells you specifically what different dreams mean it goes into the hundred most common dream meanings And then it kind of explains how you can use those to actually interpret your own dreams You know how to use this the generic meaning of these things to actually understand what your specific dreams are meaning There's also a couple of like video lessons master classes and kind of all kinds of stuff like that So if you are interested in that go and check it out the link is in the description So what does it mean when you dream about someone well firstly? It depends entirely on your relationship to them Do you like them what your subconscious mind actually thinks about them and whether you have you know? subconscious feelings or Opinions about them that you don't really you're not really aware of in the conscious waking life now to dream about someone else It usually means your subconscious mind is thinking about them in some way You know, maybe you want to tell them something Maybe you wish they would tell you something or maybe there's some kind of subconscious feeling that you have there So really it is an interesting and kind of an important dream if you keep dreaming about the same person It's basically your subconscious saying there is something here There's some kind of connection message or thing that needs to be resolved So what does it mean to dream about someone you love? Well, this again depends on entirely on the situation if nothing is going wrong and everything's you know Normal or as it should be then it can literally just mean because you're familiar with them you dream about them often however if you're dreaming about someone you love and Inside the dream something specific keeps happening like you keep you keep on having to run away from them Or maybe they keep on doing something that's annoying to you or whatever it is Usually when you dream about someone that you know your subconscious mind will actually use symbols and Situations to tell you or something about them So let's say if you're always in the same room and then one day you dream about being in a different room consider what you personally believe or think about that room and Then try and interpret it based on that. I know this is kind of hard to explain but The best way of doing it is just to subjectively you personally think about okay Let's say if I'm always dreaming about this person. I know and now we're on a train together Why are we on a train? Is that could be your subconscious mind saying that we need to go somewhere new or we need to run away from something here? whatever it is so usually the dream setting like the actual place you're at the dream is in and How you feel in the dream is a really easy kind of giveaway as to what it actually means So what's the spiritual meaning of dreaming about someone else? This is where things get a bit more subjective Even more subjective because you need to consider what you personally think or feel about the person you're dreaming about if it's someone You never met or if it's someone you've only just met once it could be just a random echo of the day You know we dream about things that we experience, but it also could be something deeper It could be messages from their subconscious mind or from their higher self, you know, and this is where we get into things like the astral plane Higher dimensions. I would highly encourage you to read a book called the holographic universe Which talks about the holographic reality of the world and how everything really is interconnected even things that don't seem like they should be connected like dreams or Individual thoughts inside our own minds. They they all are actually connected Through the holographic reality and through quantum mechanics So if you are dreaming about someone constantly, even if it's someone you just met there is a chance that something there is important You know, maybe they had similar feelings about you or maybe you were they're part of your soul family They're a soulmate they could it could be any kind of connection like this and it's really interesting to Write your dreams down because when you actually analyze them Then you can look at you know patterns you can see if you keep dreaming about the same person you can ask yourself why you might be doing that and You'll build up a bigger picture So if you dream about someone do they miss you does that mean they miss you not always and so now I'm just gonna get into some questions about Dreams in general or just questions that people ask about what my dreams mean or what it means to dream about someone else So if you dream about someone else, do they miss you? Not necessarily however It's possible because like I explained with the holographic universe theory everything is connected So if someone is thinking about you, you know, let's say someone you used to know or someone you Were with before for example, if they are constantly thinking about you There is all there is every possibility that they will enter your dreams and you'll actually dream about them Because like I said, there's no coincidence is here. Everything happens for a reason. Everything's connected So someone's conscious intentions or conscious thoughts do have an effect not just on the physical, you know World around us, but also on other people's consciousness other people's dreams thoughts and feelings So what does it mean to dream about someone repeatedly the same person constantly like again and again? Well, like I said, it can be a subconscious desire It can be a subconscious thought that you're having about them But it could also be something they're doing and that's usually the most the most common reason is that the other person is actually thinking or dreaming about you and That kind of causes you to dream about them. It's really one of those things It's quite hard to explain and it's also something that we probably will never understand It could be something to do with our souls It could be something to do with our subconscious mind, right? I don't know an interaction we had with them or Something they're thinking about you. It could also be, you know, both of your higher selves that want to connect for some reason It could be communication in the astral plane. There's really a wide huge number of different things It could be, you know and an interesting question I got is if you dream about someone else Do they dream about you this is another question which kind of follows on from the last one And I would say not always but definitely sometimes, you know, if you're dreaming about someone and They're dreaming about you or the other way around You do have this interaction going on, you know between your thoughts and What society would teach you is everyone else's thoughts. They're not just these separate things They're all connected in some way in one way or another And regardless of, you know, what you believe about this Maybe you've had an experience yourself for example when you think about someone And then a few moments later, they actually call you or you get a message from them Or you run into them in the real in the real world This happens so often and what that really shows you is that there are no coincidences This is kind of another sign or Example really it's really an example of how this stuff works. How reality works Your conscious thoughts are not separate from everything else. They're connected So if you're dreaming about someone There's a good chance they will either think about you or dream about you and vice versa as well So it kind of goes without saying but dreams are not really random They actually all seem to have a message or a meaning And if you understand how to interpret those messages, you can really get some quite interesting ideas and answers from your subconscious mind and from higher planes of existence I do have a video course or like a mini program that I put together And if you want to check that out the link is in the description It will show you how to interpret your own dreams how to like analyze dream symbols and meanings And I've really put a lot of work into this one. So I think you will enjoy it And yeah, I'd love to know what you think. Do you keep having dreams about someone? What do you think it means? Let me know


When we look at the world today, it is more or less dominated by large complex organisms. These are eukaryotes. We are eukaryotes. But when we look into the geologic past, for some three billion years or so, the only things living in the world, the world's environments, were little single cell bacteria. This really begs the question, when exactly did the world transition from something that was dominated by little single cell primitive organisms into the world that we know and love today, which is teeming with complex life? For over 10 years now, it's been thought that this transition occurred sometime during the cryogenian, and this cryo quite literally means the freezing period. So the cryogenian began and finished with really intense glaciations, but somewhere in the middle, the world went hot and tropical for a while, and it's in these sediments that we believe that there's perhaps the first evidence of this explosion of complex life. But there is a problem, and that is that the kind of fossils we geochemists are looking at are not these kind of hard body skeletons. It's certainly not a T-rex bone that's poking out of the ground. The only remains that we can look at in the geologic past for rocks that are this old are little molecular remains, these single cells, this individual molecules that are kind of indicative of past life. There's a problem in that these molecular fossils are made of hydrocarbons, which are exactly the same type of stuff that petroleum products, plastics, the oil from our hands are made of. So these extremely pervasive contaminants. And although we had a bit of a handle on just how pervasive these contaminants can be, 10 years ago when we were looking at the geologic record, it wasn't quite as well understood as just how pervasive these contaminants could be. So we went back and looked at rocks of a similar age, and we extracted the biomarkers and we applied modern, rigorous cleaning techniques. So we were able to really clean up the biomarker record. And when we did that, we found that eukaryotes took over sometime during the early idiotic and not the cryogenia, and so some 20 million years later. And this is really important because it completely changes our understanding of what actually drove life to complexity in the first place.


Magnetosphere, a magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are manipulated or affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by planets having active hot iron and nickel or metallic cores, whose motion generated a planetary magnetic field, but such fields can also occur in stars by the interactions of plasma. In the space environment close to a planetary body, the magnetic field resembles a magnetic dipole. Further out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma, as emitted from the sun or at nearby stars, e.g. the solar wind. Planets having active magnetospheres, like the Earth, are capable of mitigating or blocking the effects of solar radiation or cosmic radiation, that also protects all living organisms from potentially detrimental and dangerous consequences. This is studied under the specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics and aeronomy.


All right. So, Reptigid, a fast dynamic systems programming language. So, first of high, I'm Max. I'm an open source systems hacker. I'm currently dabbling in high performance networking applications. And I suppose I should start with a quick run on of Lua just in case you don't know it. Lua is a simple minimalistic high-level language. It has like a schemish semantics and a Pascal-esque syntax. It has first-class functions, multiple return values, prototype-based object orientation, and it's surprisingly flexible. And its central data structure is the table, which is a hybrid between a hash map and a sparse array. And the canonical implementation of Lua is called Pook-Lua, which is a simple embeddable interpreter intended to be embedded in C and C++ applications, among others. So, here's an extended hello world to get you kind of familiar with the language. I'm not going to explain anything about it. I'm just going to let you stare a little bit and hope there's somewhat obvious. So, Lua.jit is an alternative implementation of Lua. It implements a dialect of Lua 5.1 and a half-ish, plus some extra goodies. That's what I'm saying is a dialect, not just an older version. As its name suggests, it comes with a just-in-time compiler, and that compiler is really, really impressive and achieves performance competitive with C. It's also a really good language for expressing programs that are close to the metal, thanks to its built-in language support for accessing and operating on C data. And I think personally that Lua.jit is a good systems language. Systems language here, I mean that it's a good language to replace C, like an application that you would have previously written and see, you could also write in Lua.jit and you would get very far with that. So, here's an example of some Lua.jit code showing off its ability to poke at low-level data. So, you can see here that the language has built-in primitives for expressing the C data, such as C struct, and you can access that data and the fields as if they were native Lua objects to illustrate that for instance, if P here was instead a Lua table with containing a string or containing a C array and a Lua number, the code here wouldn't change at all. You could still access it the same way and you could still copy to the C array contained in the Lua table. So, Reptigit is a fork of Lua.jit and its goal is to be a really good systems programming language. With Reptigit, we want to do a couple of things. First, we want to simplify the implementation and improve maintainability. We also want to improve the compiler for heavy-duty server applications specifically. So, we have a very narrow use case. We want to write systems applications like with systems hackers and we want to create a systems language and we have a more narrow set of optimization targets and we think that we can improve the compiler even more by targeting this narrow use case. Especially, we want to eliminate performance pitfalls meaning small changes that have big impact in performance and as well as unexpected jit behavior. So, we want to make it more easy to understand the jit compiler and to use it and under the bottom line, we want to provide more reliable performance. So, right now Lua performance is great. We just want to make it more reliable and maybe even better in some cases. Right, Reptigit also adds new features. Among those is a low overhead profiler and a matching introspection tools for that data. And hopefully, there are many more features to come and that's where you come in, I guess. So, in order to simplify and maintain the code, we are doing, oops, sorry. In order to simplify and maintain the code, we are doing a big spring clean. So, here's this pull request titled, big bang, remove all the features that I can live without. And yeah, it says merged. That's the purple icon on the left there. It removed support for all architectures except x8664 because at the moment, that's the only thing we care about and it's enough for maintaining one architecture. Removed window support and removed LuaJIT's 32-bit heap mode. And this allowed us to get rid of a lot of if-defs. We're trying to get rid of all if-defs because we don't like if-defs and that resulted in a total code reduction of roughly 50%, which I think is a big win. The LuaJIT interpreter used to be handwritten assembly duplicated for each specific architecture and we have almost completed rewriting that virtual machine interpreter in C and hope that that will make it easier to port and change the language implementation, that is. And the rationale behind this change is that we spend most of our runtime in compiled code, meaning in traces and compiled traces. So, for our use cases, high-performance networking, spending any significant time in interpreted code is out of the question anyway because that would be way too slow. So, for us, an interpreter that's fast doesn't really do anything. We really don't need interpreter that's like heavily optimized. So, our idea is that, look, we're gonna make it easier to maintain and we're gonna skip the optimizations that we don't benefit from. And instead, we want to make it more easier for your code to stay compiled and not fall back into the interpreter. So, we're also looking to remove complex optimizations that don't carry their own weight anymore. So, here we removed a special case, fast pass for string interning. And on the next slide here, I'm paraphrasing from the pull request which somewhat reads, this fast pass in air quotes was bad because it was a tricky custom mem compare routine that needs to be maintained. It turned out to be slower than the stock mem compare on modern x86, which was the slow path. And it led to confusing performance behavior where unrelated memory allocation could bias off news buffer to the fast pass, again, the fast pass and impact overall performance. So, in the description, Luke concludes that the fast pass code was written 10 years ago and a lot has happened since then. And he goes on into how the CPU architecture, the operating system that is Linux in our case and even compilers like GCC had really evolved in their time and goes on to say that, I think the optimization had simply bit-wrotted. So, what I want to stress here is five. Okay, what I want to stress here is that this is not to bash this individual optimization or anything, it's just to say that if you have optimizations that are kind of smart and try to outperform certain components in your system, you have to account for the cost of maintaining them and the work of continuously verifying that they still actually work and still actually make your program faster or just that weight. Okay, so I'm running a little bit out of time here. Right, so RaptorJIT wants to improve the JIT compiler. To understand the setting here, I guess I should explain that LureJIT acts as a drop-in replacement for Poclure. So, it has a really fast JIT compiler and it also has a freely fast interpreter. So, if the JIT compiler for some reason fails to compile a code path, it will drop into an interpreter that is still many times faster than the default Lure implementation, canonical Lure implementation.  And we think that we can do better for a narrowed set of use cases with RaptorJIT. So, to summarize here, the LureJIT is for existing Poclure code bases and RaptorJIT is for new Lure applications written with a just-in-time compiler in mind. So, in case you don't know how tracing just-in-time compiler works, I will give you a super-reduce explanation. A tracing JIT interprets code. When it hits a branch, it checks if it's hot or not. If it's not hot, it increments a hot count for that branch and continuous interpretation. However, when the branch is hot, it starts recording a trace. And then, again, continuous interpretation after recording a trace. And the next time we will hit a branch which is not shown here, because it's very simplified. Eventually, instead of hitting hot branches, you would start executing traces of hot code. So, with RaptorJIT, instead of treating the compiler like a special source that you throw into your Lure programs to make them magically faster, we want to foster a culture of understanding a JIT compiler. And with that understanding, we want to formulate design goals and implement them. And this should, in turn, again make the JIT compiler easier to understand and, most importantly, easier to leverage. And the issue referred below here talks about avoiding high-impact medium-generality optimizations. I touched on this before. So, a high-impact medium-generality optimization is, we call problems this term if they have the following behavior. So, if you make a small change to your program and you get a big change to performance, that's what we call a high-impact medium-generality optimization because it's not general enough for you to freely make changes to your program that are relevant in scale and scope. But it's high-impact because you get a big hit if you fall off that optimized path. And that is why we want to avoid unreliable compiler behavior where small changes to your program cause big changes to performance. So, a little aggressively blacklist code pass that faces a compile that favors short-running programs. Our programs that we target are all long-running. So, just as a policy change, we spend way more time trying to find good traces and we're good with that. We just want to make sure that we find the best traces for the program because we know that it's gonna run for a long time. Yeah, as a first step in that direction, we updated the just-in-time compiler's statistics for trace selection to match our target workloads. And yeah, not gonna go much into that. On another note, Lourge doesn't actually consider the time domain when selecting traces. So, a branch could become hot because it was executed for the hundreds time after an hour of runtime. So, the hotness is not actually frequency, but rather this abstract idea of some counter that at some point overflows. And I think that's really unintuitive behavior. I think that maybe ReptileJet should consider the time domain and only compile code which is actually executed frequently. We did some experience with that. The results so far were positive, but that's just to show you the kind of hacking that we're doing on that fork. Right, we also added new features. We added a low-end profiler. The intention is to have that profiler always turned on. It will always collect profiling data even in your production applications, which you can then grab while it's running and display in this front end that we wrote to find which traces take the most time and what's the problem and see how they got created. This is to show that the tool that we wrote is a very visual tool. So, this is a dependency graph of the immediate representation instructions where you can see, this is the loop body and this is the head that's executed before entering the loop. Yeah, there's lots of experimentation going on. We've experimented with a trace barrier primitive that kind of stops traces from going over that line of code and forces a new trace to be created if at all. We like that one. We experimented with a jit unlikely primitive, which are too long to explain now. We didn't like it. And one thing I guess I want to touch on is that this jit seal primitive, what this would basically allow you to do is declare or constify a table at runtime and that would kind of give the compiler a super power where it could treat tables created after configuration changes as constant and optimized based on those contents. I've suggested just a few minutes left so if you want to take some questions. All right. Yeah, I guess this one's important. I just have to mention it like in a minute. This is something I knew of. Vela has apparently already implemented and something we're really interested in because it removes another high impact medium generality optimization. I guess check out the slides if you want to know more about that. Right, there's general jit compilers. There's new literature, new science happening that really fixes some basic things. We could implement those things and we're open to experimenting with that. And yeah, one of my personal goals would be to have safe foreign function memory access where because all the information for foreign types, meaning C data, low level data, we have all the type information for that available at runtime. So there's like nothing that really stands in between us making that type safe. And the compiler's really good at optimizing these checks so that's something that I would like to do. Right, so thank you for your attention. Please get involved. We are on GitHub. And yeah, I would. You can take a set up and Vela, you can. Sorry. Yeah, I would be pleased if you, if I got some of you interested in this project but also if you like into jit hacking. I think this is a cool place to start and yeah, if you have any questions, please. Yes? Yes? No, I don't think so. I mean, maybe some bug fixes, but I'm not aware. Yeah, I mean, we have a very, very specific goal and we're willing to separate and split. Like we want to cooperate with other folks and change exchange ideas, but we're really open to just like going wild on it. Anybody else? Yes? Yeah, I think so. So when I started working with the Reptile Project, I actually wasn't aware of Lua Vela, but I just recently reread some of the presentations on slide. And to me, it seems that they are very similar in spirit and they have some very specific features that they both want the same thing. And I think I hope that in the future there will be like a strong collaboration between these two projects because some things that we want already implemented in Lua Vela and maybe the other way around even. I think that Lua Vela wants, for example, to have also try out the C interpreter, stuff like that, yeah. Anyone else? All right, thank you very much. Thank you very much. Yes.


Emergency alert! Emergency alert! A dangerous organization named the Chaos Insurgency have launched attacks in various locations around the world. The precise timing of these attacks and their specific location indicates the Chaos Insurgency may be performing a ritual. While the nature of the ritual is unknown, the Global Occult Coalition and SCP Foundation are dedicated to opposing the Chaos Insurgency no matter what. The Chaos Insurgency will be defeated. Secure! Contain! Protect!


2. Appendix, Perpetual Peace, by Emmanuel Kant of the Accordance of Politics with Morals according to the transcendental conception of public right. We may think of public right in a formal way after abstracting from all the matters to which it is applied in detail, such as the different relations of men in the state, or of the states to each other, as presented in experience, and this is the way in which jurists usually think of it. But apart from the matter of public right, there remains only the form of publicity, the possibility of which is implied in every expression of right, for without such publicity there would be no justice. This being thinkable only is what is publicly declarable, and hence without this publicity there would be no right, as right is only administered or distributed by it. This character of publicity must belong to every mode of right, and as it can easily be judged whether it accompanies any particular case, and whether it can therefore be combined with the principles of an agent, it furnishes a criterion, which is at once presented a priori in reason, and which it is easy to use in experience, where it cannot be combined with the principles of an agent, the falsity and wrongness of a pretended right can thus be immediately recognized, as if by an experiment of the pure reason. Abstraction being thus made from everything empirical that is contained in the conceptions of national and international right, such as the evil disposition of human nature, which makes coercion necessary, the following proposition arises, and it may be called the transcendental formula of public right. All actions relating to the rights of other men are wrong if their maxim is not compatible with publicity. This principle is not to be regarded merely as ethical and belonging only to the doctrine of virtue, but it is also to be regarded as juridical and as pertaining to the rights of men. For a maxim cannot be a right maxim which is such that I cannot allow it to be published without thereby at the same time frustrating my own intention, which would necessarily have to be kept entirely secret in order that it might succeed, and which I could not publicly confess to be mine without inevitably arousing thereby the resistance of all men against my purpose. It is clear that this necessary and universal opposition of all against me on self-evident grounds can arise from nothing else than the injustice which such a maxim threatens to everyone. Further, it is a merely negative maxim, and so far as it only serves as a means of making known what is not right and just towards others. It is like an axiom which is certain without demonstration. And besides all this, it is easily applicable, as may be seen from the following examples and illustrations of public right. First, public right of the state. As regards the right of the state and, in particular, its internal right, we may look at the application of this formulated principle to a question which many hold difficult to answer, but which the transcendental principle of publicity quite easily resolves. The question we refer to is as to whether insurrection is a right means for a people to adopt in order to throw off the oppressive power of a so-called tyrant. Non titulo sed excercitio tallis. The rights of the people are violated in the case supposed, and no wrong would be done to the tyrant by his dethronement. Of this latter position there may be no doubt, and yet it is wrong in the highest degree on the part of the subjects to pursue their rights in this way, and if they did so they would have as little right on their side to complain of injustice should they fail in this conflict and were afterwards subjected to the severest punishment and consequence. In this case much may indeed be advanced for and against either position if the attempt is made to establish it by a dogmatic deduction of the principles of right. The transcendental principle of the publicity of public right can alone spare us all this prolixity of discussion. For according to that principle the people would only have to ask themselves before the institution of the civil contract whether it would dare to make the maxim of the proposal of an occasional insurrection publicly known. We easily see that where it made a condition at the founding of a political constitution that force was in certain circumstances to be exercised against the supreme authority, the people would have to irrigate to themselves the right of power over that authority. But were it so, that would no longer be the supreme authority? Or if both powers were made a condition in the constitution of the state, the establishment of such an authority would really not be possible, although this was the intention of the people. The wrongness of rebellion therefore appears plain from the fact that the maxim upon which it would proceed were it to be publicly professed as such would make its own purpose impossible. It would therefore necessarily have to be kept secret. This latter condition, however, would not be at all necessary on the part of the head of the state. The sovereign power may freely announce that every form of insurrection or revolt will be punished with the death of the ring-leaders. However, the latter may believe that it was the sovereign who first violated the fundamental law. For if the sovereign is conscious of possessing irresistible supreme power, and this must be assumed in every civil constitution because he who has not power enough to protect any member of the people against every other has no right to command him, he need have no anxiety about frustrating his own purpose by the publication of his maxim. And it is quite consistent with this position to hold that if the people succeed in a rebellion, the sovereign must then return to the position of a subject, that he will not then be entitled to begin a new rebellion with a view to his own restoration, and neither should he have to fear that he will be called to account for his former administration. II. International Right There can only be a system of international right on the assumption that there is really a state of right as the external condition under which right can become real among men. And this is so because as public right it already implies the publication of a common will assigning to everyone what is his own. This status juridicus must arise out of some sort of compact which unlike that from which a state springs cannot be founded upon compulsory laws, but it may in all cases assume the form of a permanent free association. And this we have already indicated as assuming the form of a federation of the different states. Without some juroral organization to connect the different persons, moral or physical in an active form, and therefore in the state of nature, there can be no other right but private right. Here again comes in a conflict of politics with morals when the latter is regarded as a doctrine of right. And the criterion of the publicity of maxims again finds an easy application to it, but only on the condition that the states are bound by a compact with the object only of maintaining themselves in peace with each other, and not at all in the intention of acquiring new possessions. The following instances of antinomies arising between politics and morals may be here given, along with their solution. One, if one state has promised something to another, whether it be assistance or a session of country or subsidies or such like, the question may arise as to whether in a case on which the well-being of the state is dependent, it may withdraw from keeping its promise on the ground that it would have itself to be regarded as a double person, first as a sovereign from being responsible to no one in the state, and secondly merely as the highest political official from having to give account to the state. And then the conclusion is drawn that what it had become responsible for in the first quality it may be discharged from in the second. But if the sovereign of a state should proclaim openly such a maxim it is evident that every other state would naturally avoid it, or would unite with others to resist such pretensions. And this proves that politics, with all its craftiness, would frustrate its own purpose by such an application of the principle of publicity, and consequently any such maxim must be wrong. Two, if a neighbouring power that has grown formidable by its aggrandisement excites anxiety, it may be asked whether, because it is able, it will also resolve to oppress others, and whether this gives to the less powerful states a right to make a united attack upon it, although it may as yet have committed no injury. A state which would affirmatively proclaim such a maxim would only bring about more certainly and rapidly the evil that is dreaded, for the greater power would anticipate the lesser, and as regards their union it would be but a weak bundle of reeds against it, if it knew how to practice the rule. Divide et impera. Such a maxim of political prudence if publicly declared would therefore necessarily frustrate its own purpose, and it is consequently wrong. Three, if a small state by its geographical position divides the connection of a greater state which requires this connection in order to its own preservation, is such a state not entitled to subject the smaller state to itself and unite it to its own territory? Here again it is easily seen that the greater state cannot possibly let the maxim of such a procedure be previously known, for either the lesser states would combine early against it, or other powerful states would contend with it for this prize, and so the maxim would make itself impracticable by its very publicity. This would be a sign of the wrongness of the maxim, and it would be so, in a very high degree, for the smallness of the object of an injustice does not prevent the injustice manifested by it from being very great. Third, cosmopolitical right. As regards cosmopolitical right I may pass it over in silence here, because on account of its analogy with international right its maxims may, in a similar manner, be easily indicated and estimated. The principle of the incompatibility of certain maxims of international right with their publicity thus furnishes us with a good criterion relative to the non-agreement of politics with morals viewed as the science of right. But it is necessary also to be informed as to the condition under which its maxims agree with the right of nations. For it cannot be inferred conversely that those maxims which are compatible with publicity are on that account also right, because he who has a decided supremacy does not need to conceal his maxims. The condition of the possibility of a right of nations generally is that there does exist a prior state of right, for without this there is no public right, but every kind of right which could be thought as existing without it, as in the state of nature, is merely private right. Now we have seen above that a federative union of states having for its sole object the removal of war is the only condition compatible with their freedom, and in which their rights can have existence in common. Hence the agreement of politics with morals is only possible in this connection by means of a federative union, a union which is also necessarily and really involved a priori in the principles of right. And all public policy can have a rightful basis only by the establishment of such a union in its greatest possible extent, and apart from this end ingenuity is but unwisdom and disguised injustice. Yet there is such an ingenuity, and its bastard policy has a casuistry of its own that might defy the best Jesuit school to outrival it. It has its mental reservation, as in the composition of public treatises by using such expressions as may at will be interpreted to suit the occasion and in any interest, such as the distinction between the status quo of fact and the status quo of right. Again it has its probabilism when it construes evil intentions in others or even the probabilities of their possible superiority into a justifiable reason for undermining other peaceful states. And finally it has its philosophical sin Pachadio, or Bagatell, when it maintains that the absorption of a small state is an easily pardonable triviality, if a much larger state thereby gains to this opposed greater advantage of the whole. A pretext of all this is furnished by the double dealing of politics in relation to morals, according as it employs one or other of its departments for its own purposes. Now in fact both philanthropy and respect for the rights of men are obligatory as duties, but the former is only a conditional duty, the latter is unconditioned and absolutely imperative, and he who would give himself up to the sweet feeling of well-doing must first be fully assured that he has not transgressed it. Now politics easily accords with morals in the former sense, as ethics, by making it incumbent on men to give up their right to their superiors, but it is otherwise when morals is taken in the second sense, as jurisprudence, or the science of right, before which politics must bow the knee. Here politics finds it advisable not to trust at all to any compact, but rather to take away from right all reality and to reduce all duties to mere benevolence. This artifice of a mode of policy that shuns the light would be easily frustrated by publicity being given to such maxims, if it only dared allow the philosophers to give publicity to their maxims. From this point of view I shall now propose another principle of public right, which is at once transcendental and affirmative, and whose formula would be as follows. All maxims which require publicity in order that they may not fail of their end are in accordance with both right and politics united with each other, for if these maxims can only attain their end by publicity they must be conformable to the common end of the public which is happiness, and it is the special problem of politics to put itself into agreement with the public and to make the people contented with their condition. But if this end is to be attained only by publicity as the means of removing all distrust of political maxims, these maxims must also be in harmony with the right of the public, for the union of the ends of all is only possible in the harmony established by right. I must, however, defer the further development and explanation of this principle till another occasion. But it may be already seen that it is a transcendental formula from the fact that all the empirical conditions of happiness, as the matter of the law, are removed from it, and it merely has regard to the form of a universal legislation. If it is a duty to realize the state of public right, and if at the same time there is a well-grounded hope of its being realized, although it may only be by approximation to it that advances ad infinitum, then perpetual peace is a fact that is destined historically to follow the falsely so-called treaties of peace which have been but cessations of hostilities. Perpetual peace is therefore no empty idea, but a practical thing which, through its gradual solution, is coming always nearer its final realization, and it may well be hoped that progress towards it will be made in more rapid rates of advance in the times to come. End Second Appendix End Perpetual Peace A Philosophical Essay 1795 by Emmanuel Kant Translator W. Hastie, 1891, in his volume, Kant's Principles of Politics, including his essay on Perpetual Peace, A Contribution to Political Science. This recording is in the public domain.


All right, this is our final little video regarding weighted average cost of capital, and we're going to be looking at this number right here, very specifically, and we're going to be looking at the equation that we use to get there. The equation just simply states that B12, percentage of debt, times cost of debt, B15, plus percentage of equity, B13, times cost of equity, B16, gives us a weighted average cost of capital. So you can see the equation, see how it functions, you can see how we arrived, we got this number and this number from our process that we went through over here on cost of debt and cost of equity, and we've got the other piece of this from this number and this number. So as you can see, this is a pretty basic Excel spreadsheet that you can set up and design to look at these types of equations and to understand weighted average cost of capital. This specific Excel spreadsheet is available on Angel in the file for this lesson. So you'll be able to plug your own numbers in here, play around with it, and what you may want to do is go out and look at a couple of different businesses, look through their pro forma and balance sheets and look at a way to pull this information together. Beta numbers are available, a bunch of different places on publicly traded companies, NOVA, as an example we found this beta information on this company on the Yahoo website. So Yahoo Finance has a lot of information regarding these types of pieces that you would plug into doing a calculation. Yahoo Finance should also be able to give you like market capitalization number on the company, or at the very least provide you with outstanding share balance. So you can use this as a way to do some analysis on businesses. This is a little more sophisticated than what you will probably need to do an analysis on a small company, but it'll give you an idea of how to think about growing and to understand if you start a business, if you decide to start a business that's focused on something you want to build into something you want to sell at some point in time. The people that get involved in investing in those companies, they understand this process, they use it on a daily basis. This is a pretty simple form because if you get into a larger company, there's a lot more pieces in play here that help you figure out these numbers and these numbers. So it gets to be pretty complex after a while. I hope this is a good example for you. Please feel free to ask questions, send me stuff. If you have interest in this area, I can direct you towards better understanding through some different finance textbooks you might want to consider buying that'll help you to get a better feel for understanding this whole process when it comes to this critical part of business analysis. All right, we're going to move on to the next lesson.


So we're going to call the meeting to order. The Colchester Planning Commission is 702. First order, well first I want to welcome Wendy Quichlil. Thank you for joining our board, our new member. Thank you. We definitely appreciate it. Glad to be here. All right, so we're going to get off with agenda considerations reserved for changes to the agenda items and order, no changes. All right, nothing. Okay, so the first thing we're going to do is a public hearing for our supplement 44. I'll need a motion for that. I move to open the public hearing on supplement 44, the Colchester Development Regulations. Second. Decussion, all in favor? Aye. All right. So on this portion of the agenda, if we have anybody wants to speak, now's the time to come. You address us. It won't be an interaction like we did before. It's if you have any concerns or compliments or whatever for this part of our supplement. Now's the time. Come on up, please state your full name. Rick Davy from East Lakeshore Drive. And a couple of things, probably all of you have seen my letter that I sent. So our concerns is about the height on LS4 and that we've addressed it on LS3. And first of all, I want to say that LS and huge support of LS3 and LS4. And a lot of work has gone into this and I think it's awesome. My only concern is the height on LS4. 40 foot structures do enable three story buildings. And I look at each Lakeshore Drive as a corridor, a scenic corridor. And if we start allowing three story structures on the opposite side of the road from the lake, I think it's gonna be something we're gonna regret in the future. So I don't think there's anything you're gonna do at this time. But if you don't, I hope that we can address it as soon as possible after the fact. And look at all the different heights that we have from LS1 to LS2 to LS3 to LS4 and all the different heights. From a 20 foot to a 40 foot in those three four zones. And I think that all of them should be addressed. I'm surprised that nobody in LS1 has brought up a 20 foot height on that side of the lake. So I just wanted to speak out to that. The other piece was that in table A2 LS4, I think you left out 35 foot flat in that table because it was brought up in a prior meeting and it was approved by the board. So there's a couple other little things that I've brought up for her to you. They're small compared to that one. So I hope that that can at least be addressed in this meeting. Any other public comment tonight? No. All right, very good. We can close the meeting, we can close the open portion. I move to close the public hearing on supplement 44 by the Colchester Development Regulations. Second? Second. All in favor? Aye. All right. So now we grow right into, where am I? So now we discuss. Do we, any changes, considerations? We're happy with what we've done. Ready to move forward. Yes, Kathy. I know a draft has raised about the table A2 for LS4 and 35 feet and there were a couple others that I don't think were included in your letter from Mr. David that they were to me and I do want to update those. There are a couple of reference checks with numbers. Those numbers when we added in other sections got adjusted. So we might say per 3.05, it should say per 3.06 for example. So if it's okay, I just want to walk you through those. You see those. There's nothing substantive. It's just correcting the references. And then substantive would be the table A2 for LS3 and 4. So I do have a draft here. The first one is in 4.05, see them. You'll be able to, if you choose to take a vote on 5, it should say 3.06, is that correct? You said F, that's E. 4.06, 4.03, 4.06, C1. There is here, we can read you a list and I can update them later so you don't have to watch. All of them are purely about the references. So there is then 3.07, C2. Also references 4.05, should reference 3.07. E of that category should also reference 3.06 and 3.07. I do want to show you where we are with table A2. Mr. Davie was talking about lives right here. We reference for LS4 a pitched roof height. We don't reference a flat roof. That should say per your previous discussion, 35 feet, previous discussion. That's in line with the others and I can scroll up and show you where there are 40 foot rich heights. All of the others say 35 foot flat. So it would be very consistent. Yep, that's all you got. That's the discussion. Okay. I will go back and make those other edits. Everybody else? No. Okay. Everybody else good? Yes, sir. Oh, good. Serita? Yep. All right. We need a motion. Okay. I move to submit the supplement 44, the cold chester development regulations to the cold chester select board. I'll second the motion. All right. Discussion. All in favor. All right. All right. Motion passes. Very good. All right. Too much. It went so fast after so much work. Seems so simple. And it really wasn't. Okay. Let's continue on. Commissioned comments and questions from the public, not related to anything on the agenda. All good? All right. So now we're moving on to an energy report from Renee Marshall, deputy town manager. They did. I'm really anticipating space. So tonight's presentation is going to be sort of a culmination of the work so far to date since the select board adopted the policy in 2019, energy policy. And so we're gonna, in this presentation, I'm gonna kind of review some of the work that has been done in 2019, 2020, 2021. So as I mentioned, as defined in the select board policies, the planning commission also acts as the energy committee. Since the policy was put into place, implementation of energy efforts has been assigned to the town manager's office. In addition to having access to the entire town staff, the town manager and the deputy town manager are the staff to the energy committee for the purpose of implementing these types of energy projects. So again, as I said, we're gonna be reviewing some of the work that's already been done today. And there has been a significant amount of work towards those energy efforts. In 2019, LED street light replacement that reduced the street lighting bill by 72,400 or approximately 54%. The HVAC equipment at the Burnham Memorial Library was replaced with much more efficient system. And then we've constructed two 150 kilowatt hour solar power arrays. So we have one at Roosevelt and Puffin Patch. The equipment for both of those sites are at least for a period of 15 years. And at 15, yeah. And so after that time, the town will own them outright. And the typical life expectancy for solar arrays is 25 years. So those, the remaining years will return us over $900,000 back to the town of Colchester after, and that's after the lease payments and the other expenses. The creation of the energy store card created a path to preferred siding and sizing for alternative energy generation in all areas of town. And in 2020, rescue and library buildings, they were replaced several appliances in lighting for more efficient energy efficient models. And the cooling system in the town hall server room was replaced with a high efficiency cooling system. Additional non-LED streetlights were replaced in the northern region of town. And the lighting at the fuel island at the garage was converted to LED as well. We installed solar powered flashing pedestrian beacons, both at Blakely and Thomas Drive, Blakely Road and Williams Road and West Lake Shore Drive by the boat access. Parks and recreation replaced two mowers with a single mower that was more efficient, has a more efficient engine. And Colchester police purchased semi-permanent speed signs that are charged by solar photovoltaics and an upgraded multifunction speed cart and traffic information sign that is also solar powered. Brings us to 2021. Again, rescue building, we added additional insulation to the attic for more efficient heating and cooling. We purchased a Nissan Leaf on an EV charger for use by town staff. And the parks and recreation installed motion sensor lighting in all of the bathrooms at airport park and at the side park. Colchester police purchased two semi-permanent speed signs charged by the solar photovoltaics and completed a full cleaning of their HVAC system. And the fire department has developed FY22 improvements to increase energy efficiency at center station, including a new roof and LED lighting there as well. Our efforts now are focused on that third solar site. So currently we're at about 60% to 60, 60 to 66% of our total energy that's consumed by the town. And this third site would bring us to that 100%. Currently we're finding the replacement solar site for the one we previously discussed that we were looking at at Hercules Drive. So we're in permitting process for a site that's off of Versier Drive. And the select word approved 32,000 for permitting cost for that. So this project, like I said, if constructive would bring us to that, closer to that 100% provision of municipal services. Our two current solar farms generate solar energy credits which are used to offset the electric bills from the Green Mountain Power. Those credits expire if you're unused for 24 months. So we've put into place a tracking system to be sure that those credits are used as intended. The select word transferred 558,000 to the Capital Equipment and Facilities Fund for the use of this next permitted solar farm. And this allows us to pay the full cost, the capital cost of that, and without having to do the lease. And so it better positions ourselves. The Community Recreation Center, it's currently developing that Community Recreation Center to produce electricity equivalent to that's consumed in the center, as well as the three fire stations of the town's and the town's expanded sewer system. And raise the bar on the generation capacity needed to meet that goal of 100% to meet all of those expanding needs. So likely it's a very substantial solar component to the proposed project and investigating whether it makes sense to include geothermal heat and air conditioning in the center as well. We talked about the car charging station that we have for the town vehicle that's used for town staff. We're planning to put in car charging stations for the public at the center station and the town hall. The town hall charger would be completed in the next 12 months approximately and is independent on the supply chain issues that we've encountered and the professional installation. The estimated cost of those chargers is approximately $16,000. We plan to use town funds as the budget allows to purchase the car chargers that will charge users for the electricity that's actually used. And this is a picture of our Nissan Leaf and our current charger that's out in the back of town hall. That is it. Thank you. Let me know if you have questions. All right. Let's have a couple of questions. I'm just wondering the tiles. Do you know how long they're warranty before and if it's a full guarantee? So like I said, they're about a 25 year lifespan. And they're covered in terms of insurance. Yes, yes. And then who's responsible for monitoring the cells to make sure they're all working? So we do have assistive agents is our, they're monitoring that clinically and then we also have staff that is reviewing that information. The only question I had and I'm just wondering again where our role is as the energy community. I mean, in terms of providing input recommendations or just hearing getting updated. Right. And I think it's fantastic when you, and it's like we're doing in terms of solar energy. I think that's it. And I'm just wondering about thermal energy and transportation around municipal buildings for tightening up the, because I feel like there's so much money now available to tighten up these buildings. And I'm wondering if that's kind of in, pretty soon in the future. So we can access these grants and tighten up like, I mean, I mean, I may be way off, but municipal buildings and then start against which are the vehicles for electric. And those are ongoing assessments that we do currently and looking at our town buildings, municipal buildings and finding other ways to provide energy efficiency and making changes in improvements. We also are always exploring the different technology that's available and want to make sure that we're balancing the needs and the goals that we have but within the fiscal constraints that we also have. Yeah. Again, it's just that this federal money now and water state money and I know for certain incomes, it's 13,000 dollars for an electric vehicle and I assume you're looking at grants, of possible grants in terms of having weatherization done on the municipal building. Yes, we do explore those options. In fact, we utilize grant funding when we got the electric car charger that is out back of town hall. Great. Thank you. You're welcome. Anybody else? Thank you very much. You're welcome. I just, I don't know if I can use my hand. Yeah, we'll go right ahead. No, no, no, I was saying with you. Just turn. All right. Number seven, we have an informational, that's from Kathy. Yeah. All right. So Renee was just talking to you about the third facility that we are seeking to permit. Part of that permit process requires petitioning for a certificate of public good. That has been filed. That was included in your package. It's also available in our office if anybody wants to see it directly. It's a very thick packet and it is available there, but it is, there's no action needed by the board unless you wish to submit comments. It's part of that certificate of public good, public hearing, but since it is a town application, I can't imagine you would have any additional comments to add, but it is a right afforded to you as the planning commission. Permit. All good? Can I just say? Absolutely. I was just curious, I noticed that a lot of towns were notified of that. And so I'm just curious for process purposes, do they have input with someone, their town manager, something have input into that process? Yeah, so not necessarily into our process, but they would submit comments at it on behalf of the, as part of the public good process. And there's directions in there on how to do that. We will receive those as well for other communities and even private ones that are seeking this. So you've seen these as informational packets for everything from any sort of solar and private building, public building. We go through the same processes in this alley that you would if you were Shaw's, trying to put those panels on the roof, for example. And that allows you to, anything that isn't that weird, follows that process. Thank you, I just. And so we notify all the letters and it goes to the chairs of the planning commission and to the chairs of their select board or council. They have been shepherding this. Perfect, perfect. A lot of work. Yeah. All good? Yeah. All good. All right, we need a motion for the minutes. Go ahead. After you. Go ahead. I've been doing it all night. Go ahead. I'll make a motion to approve the minutes from the last meeting. I'll second. All right. Discussion? All in favor? Aye. Aye. Motion passes. So we're gonna hear adjourn before we adjourn. I heard Mr. Schecht. This will be your last meeting and I wanna thank you publicly for all your years of service. Absolutely fantastic for a lot of effort in. And you know, we're all how to reach all of us.  I didn't know you were going to, wasn't I? I didn't know either. And we could have done something to celebrate. Oh, we will. Oh, we will. Oh, we will, okay. Not to celebrate your meeting, but to celebrate your contribution. Yeah. And I have someone that's gonna reach out to Kathy Ann to join the commission. Pam Driver, she's been a resident in town for quite a while. Smart lady and I think she'd be a welcome addition. Perfect. We'll be full board again. That'd be nice. Yeah, I was gonna say. Yeah, I'll be outdated here. I'll be numbered. All right. Yes. Before you adjourn. Yes. Just to confirm your meeting schedule going forward, we talked about it the last meeting, but at that point it was still unknown as to whether or not this would be a continuation of the public hearing. Not a continuation of the public hearing at this stage. So you talked about probably not having any meetings in October or you wish for this to go through select board process. Is that still your wish? So you would have an October, I think I posted them on there, but I think it's October 2nd. Third. Fourth? No. Just keep going. No, no, no. October 4th and 18th would be your regularly scheduled meeting. October 25th is my hope as the date for the select board hearing. So the way that the process would work with the Supplement 44, we will deliver it to them at their next meeting. That is not a warned public hearing, that's just delivery. That would take place next week, hopefully. I'm listening. So hopefully that'll be on that agenda. They would then have to warn it. Our goal is to ink for October 25th as the select, the first, if there are more, select board public hearing. And hopefully no rich has said that he will attend. Be great if at least one other member could attend as well. Put your own meetings for October. We haven't really talked about what you'd like to add to them. Still wouldn't mind just jumping over to November. I'm good with that. They will make sure we're good, yeah. I know we were also watching to make sure nothing else came in in terms of new requests for amendments. I haven't received any. It's funny, we had like six, I think, in the queue going into the spring, but I haven't heard a single one since the last time that you guys reviewed requests for amendments to the development regulations. So I don't have any that I would be bringing to you for that purpose. Okay. Things you could do if you chose to have a meeting in October would be to review those that you did kick from September or from the spring. You could also do that in November. I haven't reached out to any of those applicants just yet.  Can I just say something? Yeah, what do you think? Just a clarifying question. I believe we also kicked kind of down the road the question from seven corners about the design of the building, and I would hate to hold them up another construction season, and I'm wondering if we would have enough time. So I think that was broadly, I think the list of construction season, no matter what, that was broadly looking, reexamining the form-based code that exists in separate corners. That's gonna be processed, I think. I think you're looking at potentially a six to nine month review of that. You did identify that that's the next topic you would like to look at, but if you did that in the spring, you may have different ideas now. So you'll probably want to have a meeting where we just talk about anything else that you might want to do next. Yeah, I'm good with the November, but the whole package together. I'm meeting entirely up to you. I will be prepared for something that you'd like to meet in October. I hate to put Wendy out for a whole month here, and it's too meeting. I know, I'm gonna get into a routine. But yeah, I would just soon wait to select where does the thing after all of this, and everybody else is on board. Yeah, I agree, that's fine. So on November 4th, we'll have a discussion. What's next? Sound good? Yeah? All right. November, yeah. Oh, is that right? Six, I don't know. First, I don't know. Where am I? Yeah, yeah, yeah, November 1st. There you go. First. What are the other dates in November? So you'd be the first in the 50? Yep. Is it five, two, three months? Yep. Okay. Well, there's new Thanksgiving, so we're full of great things. Yeah, so it does avoid Thanksgiving. Can't have any questions. Yeah? We'll be able to have two if you wish to. Sure. Which thing? Before your journey. Yep. Absolutely. So as your former chair, thank you for all your service. I'd be remiss if I didn't say anything. Love, having love, working with you.  I won't, it's been a pleasure. All right, we're all good. I'll make a motion to adjourn. I'll second that. All in favor? Aye. Thank you. Very good. Thank you.


Welcome back, it's the breakfast in Plosivia, Africa. We just look at our second conversation right here and the conversation is around Eid al-Fatri. Now Ramadan has been described as the most important and Holy As-Mount in the Islamic calendar and clerics have urged the Muslim faithfuls to make charity a duty in order to gain multiple rewards from Allah. We'll be looking at the significance of the entire celebration, what it means for the Muslim community right here. We have in the studio an Islamic cleric, Ashim Ibrahim Bologi. It's good to have you join us. Thank you very much for having me. All right, so let's get straight to it. I wasn't sure what I was going to say, maybe happy Eid al-Fatri? Yeah, you can say yeah, happy Eid al-Fatri. Thank you very much. So let's get to it. What is Eid al-Fatri and what is the significance of, you know, this celebration? Yeah, okay, so Bismillah wa s-salatu wa s-salam ala rasulillah wa ala ahli wa sahabi wa manwala. As Muslims, Allah swt always has this way of rewarding us after we have come through some sort of spiritual upliftment or spiritual joining. So it gives us like a reward saying, like a thank you for going through this process. And then after we are done with that process, it gives us a day to celebrate, a day to share within ourselves the lessons that we have learned over the month and then explain to others how it is for us Muslims to share goodness between each other and then explain to people around those that are non-Muslims also that this is actually the message of Islam and this is the message of we Muslims. So Eid al-Fatri is a day of sober reflection of whatever has happened over the month of Ramadan, and also a day of celebration, like a day of receiving gifts of sharing gifts all over ourselves and then saying that, yes, we have come through this journey. There we look at what we have been able to achieve over the course of the month. You know that as we all know when Ramadan comes, every Muslim comes with this new self that is different from the way they've been coming over the years. So that month creates a time for you to connect truly with Allah, creates a time for you to keep your five daily prayers, then fasting, then wake up with the midnight to pray, and all that which we might not have done in normal days that are different from the month of Ramadan. So after that month, we now access ourselves. You know yourself, if you have gone through some form of spiritual upliftment, you know yourself that you have changed. Maybe there are some particular acts that you do before Ramadan that you have dropped after Ramadan. So that is how you know that these my 30 months have actually been accepted. You know, you have some particular sins that this is a particular sin that I do, and I'm going to in this month with this sin. By the time I exit this month, I do not want to go back to this sin. If you're able to do that, then you know that your Ramadan has been accepted. Let's talk about all of that now because during the 30 day fast for the Muslims, they go through a whole lot. We talked about cyber reflection and they do think in moderation. They try to you know study and get closer to Allah and they put away most of the sins. So what happens after that? Because most times I've had to interact with most of them. They tend to be very, very close to Allah during the period of Ramadan. Shouldn't it be spread across the other you know seasons of the year or the month of the year? Should it stop on just the Ramadan fast? Yes, so as Muslims once again, there's a key point for us that we're supposed to look at all the time and we reiterate it to a lot of Muslims that Ramadan is not just a month on it. So it's a reformation. It's not just about the fast. It's not about staying away from eating and all that. It's a month for you to reform yourself. So whatever lessons you have learned in that month you're supposed to take it through your whole life. A lot of people got a way to recreate themselves during the month of Ramadan and then they spread it afterwards. So whatever is haram that is whatever is unlawful in Ramadan remains unlawful. If you stay away from say you stay away from taking alcohol in Ramadan, it doesn't mean that after Ramadan you get back to taking alcohol. You're supposed to still stay away from taking alcohol because normally you know that taking alcohol is unlawful for you as a Muslim. So this is it's just like that. But people tend to think that just that month I want to be pure and clean and then after every other month I can. Yes, we know that Allah gave us that month as a month of forgiveness. So whatever sins you've committed over the over the last 11 months you have that month to come and clean up yourself because Allah says the Prophet mentioned that if you fast that month completely and after the end of that month you are like the day you were born. Sinless. So if you're sinless after a whole month you know people feel that but the problem is you're not assured of meeting that month again alive.  So why don't you just maintain whatever you have been able to learn through the month and then take it over all over the other months of the year. So like a reminder now this period very significant what would be the message out there? Okay so the message out there is that as Muslims today is a day of sober reflection not just a day to marry it's not just a day of married men's we've just heaped excessively that oh we've been we've not been eating good for 30 days there we have today let's just eat as much as possible here you can eat celebrate share gifts visit people visit the poor visit the needy visit people in the sick homes and all that and after you have done all that sit down and reflect that what what have I been able to gain over the course of this month what have I been able to do differently then that particular thing you know put pressure on it apply pressure so if it's you see that it's your five daily prayers that you've been able to be complete over the next 30 days they start doing that you know every time starts praying the five times per year daily and then keep that closeness you have with Allah so that's that's the main point of Ramadan that closeness you have with the Creator people will tell you I pray during Ramadan and the prayer got accepted it's the same God it means if you prayed in other days he would have accepted it but you did not see yourself as someone that could pray unconscious yeah you're feeling like oh I'm not I'm not clean enough I'm not pure enough I cannot talk to God I God said come I would answer you just ask me I'm closer to you than your jugular being so you don't even need to shout for me to listen to you just ask me speak to me the way you want to any way you can speak to me in fact the prophet advised us that when we want to pray as Muslims talk to God like you're talking to your friend okay so fine you know Ramadan is one of the pillars of Islam and I know during Ramadan today also talks of zakat al-Fitr and the sadakata does this actually still play out even after Ramadan okay so we have we have two forms of zakat we have the zakat al-Fitr which is the one that is supposed to have been done this morning so that is giving our harms to people that are fasting Muslims that might necessarily not have something to do their own festivist festival so you know this morning people want to eat and all that and they may not have food so you give them the raw food if you have money you can add money to eat for them to go and cook and all that so you look for the downtrodden that actually need it that is zakat al-Fitr which is far different from zakat itself so zakat itself is another embodiment of Islamic principle like we have the tithes so yeah so zakat it's 2.5% on the annual earnings and that is for it's at a particular threshold as that today I think is about 2.1 million so if you have that over the course of a year then you're liable to pay zakat on it that is different from the zakat al-Fitr so that is just like giving it's like every day giving general giving you can give at any time so Muslims are enjoying to always learn the back part of the lessons of Ramadan is for you to see how the pangs of hunger for people that do not have like you have so you know how to treat them when you meet them so people that that are suffering like you you know avagely it's not like every Nigerian is happy with this economic situation so if you have someone that you know that's just it just so so invariably a soda car should be done like um like on a daily practice in fact it's like a and highly if you can do it highly like a lifestyle like a lifestyle adopt it as a Muslim and give as much as possible in fact giving preifies you yourself the person a lot of your salam was told in the Quran where Allah says that who's mean I'm while him so that put on collect from them you know so from of soda car then after that pray for them that's the thing you're collecting from them is to purify them so you two are collecting it don't keep it as you're collecting it share it out to people too so that they can pray for the person that gave it to you and from that you're going to create people alive all right oh once a very big thank you to you for the enlightenment you have given to rose concern in the ramadan what people should do even afterwards he also talked about zakat at all zakat al-fitri and them soda car I actually needed to be reminded about it because I used to understand all of that thank you so much we were joined by Hashim Ibrahim Boloji and Islamic cleric and we have been looking at the essence of um it all fit again of course the lessons from ramadan just reflecting on all of that many things once again for sharing your thoughts with us we thank you very much for having thank you that's the size of the show for today we must say a very big thank you to all of you who have sat back to watch and of course to our muslim brothers and sisters that will say happy id al-fit to you my name is justin akadunia return again tomorrow all right that's the size of the conversation it's all right to follow us on facebook twitter and instagram and do subscribe to a youtube channel where plus tv africa and plus tv africa lifestyle many thanks for watching i am mesi i bubol have a great day