I have a couple of talks lined up now where we will we will be talking about another experience of conducting an hackathon. So let me just call the next speaker Professor Kumarishan was going to come here and talk about it. So I would like him to share his thoughts about the and the experiences about conducting this hackathon. Good afternoon everybody it is it is a pleasant surprise to meet you all at this time and we came to know about this presentation couple of days back and we quickly put together our experiences. We are going to give you overall picture of what we have done as a part of conducting this make it India hackathon. If you have any doubts or anything we can always we can always get in touch with us. We will give you our mail IDs and other links you know like where are the where we have our final entries and like other other talks everything we can give you the links and you can go through it. I would say this was a great experience for us as organizers and I wish everybody could go through this experience at some point in their life you know. So I shall start about giving the overall idea. So when hackathon was told to us know we have to conduct hackathon we were like we used to conduct different kinds of hackathons here you know typically for computer science exercises or in IDC industrial design center we conduct design hackathons where we talk about creative methods etc. But this time it was for all over India engineering students and whoever could participate could participate that was the idea it was open to everybody. So we wanted to touch everybody and like know make them feel related to this whole exercise. So the whole thing started with finding out what are the main important issues that they can relate to everybody can relate to and can they make a difference. All of us have ideas and can that idea be implemented or realized that was the overall intention. So we started with motivating students we sent a lot of flyers to different colleges and we asked them do you want to change anything in your city. Right immediate thing that they see right like transport water issues and energy issues these are the three things that we thought everybody would be interested in addressing these issues and here in IIT Bombay we have pretty prominent centers which deal with research issues in these three areas energy water and transportation. So we took our strength and we wanted to add more to it and we wanted more people to participate in this hackathon. So we organized these question papers that itself was a big exercise for us know we almost four departments we got together we fade up the question paper and we sent it across to people and the second thing that happened was the preparations in conducting or accommodating all of them like about 150 participants came from different places different colleges and there were quite a lot of entries that came in more than 150 I guess and we had to shortlist all of them that was another big task we had to set up our own evaluation committee and we all work towards finding the best solutions best proposals and these are the we had to have very strong evaluation criteria as well and we had to people should know how a problem is being analyzed. So we pretty much made it available to everyone to see you know like these are the criteria that we are looking for. The first thing that we concentrated was the strength of the team the team is the team capable of doing realizing their solutions their ideas within the given time like say three days three days is the hackathon time but they spent seven days with us in pre-preparation and post-preparation post hackathon time then we looked at their proposal and its potential impact can it be realized and what is the scale of the realization can it reach across India or is it only specific to one particular zone or region and the novelty of idea is just run of the middle idea or people have come up with something interesting in terms of probably the technology that is being used or the cost or anything else and we also looked at the people whether they can actually they understood the technology in these days you know you know like it is very easy for people to say yeah just create another app no that is not we are looking for not we are looking for we are looking for something more hardcore you know do the people know what they are talking about then the robustness of the solution robustness primarily it comes from the simplicity and implementability you know we are talking about like far away places remote places where there is no reach of technology can the solution still function without you know even if there is any small hitches can it be sorted that was the another criterion of course viability viability in terms of finance or like no even implementability all that counts and the use cases do they really define address the problem cover the defined problem that is the of course obvious but important step that we have to find out and of course design how everything is put together to address the anthropometric or like human needs in this Indian context and of course we we didn't of course we cannot control the judges judges have their own discretion so these are the short listing criteria we used for the first 150 problems and we brought it down to about 30 teams later I will be showing a movie where we will be showing the numbers and like no how people actually participated in the whole event it's a short movie about three minutes all of you can look at it and we want to make it more of an immersive it was a very immersive intensive intense experience people came seven days they all stayed with us in the campus only and we don't we didn't want to make it more of a very formal pressurized event or anything but you know we have we all had quite a lot of informal talks with the students students lived here actually it was there was no time given morning they start and it goes on until the evening you know and evening we had like a couple of cultural events people could approach anyone even though they were in the there's split in teams they could meet the mentors anytime they needed right from our very senior faculty members and they felt at home that was the that was the feeling we wanted to give and we pretty much achieved that and within IIT IIT Bombay and across colleges and other institutes professional institutes we had collaboration in this industrial policy and promotion council from government of India CII and other IITs like IIT Kharagpur, IIT Kanpur, IIT Delhi, IIT Roorkee all this Roorkee's all this all this colleges also participated actively pretty much actively and made this reality actually this was the first hackathon that happened when our prime minister Modi announced of a make in India plans so this hackathon was a part of a part of the main event which was main exhibition make in India exhibition held at Bandra Kurla complex in Mumbai so we had the final date of the exhibition announced so we had to catch that deadline and coming to the first day of hackathon it all started with our director professor Devank Kakkar giving us on motivational talk and to all the students about the purpose of this hackathon itself and how innovation can impact various fields that was a pretty emotional not emotional motivational talk for everyone and followed by professor, professor Fater he gave us another very important talk I would suggest everyone to go through that in the links that we share later he talked about the principles of professional professionalism cardinal principles and we as even mentors and faculty members we found it very very useful it was a long talk it was about an art talk but he pretty much touched everybody everybody's intrigue you know like how to get out of the rat race and become a true winner what is the meaning of being a winner that is what he discussed about I would request everyone to go through that talk that was pretty much phenomenal and another thing was even in the way we started the hackathon we did not make it like you know very formal event where people go and light up the year or anything we everybody actually flew airplanes paper airplanes we gave a simple sheet of paper and with creases in it people had to make their own paper planes and they had to launch it literally you know that's it a very nice informal but very refreshing participatory field to the whole hackathon and interestingly it was taken over at every stage of hackathon we had a lot of talks by our faculty members and external faculty members who came and I think the most important part of hackathon was the knowledge dissemination and most most most students do not have access to such esteemed faculty members talks or like you know to meet them in person. We had professor Kaviariya first to come and talk about Iyentra initiative I am sure most of you must have participated in Iyentra robotic competitions that are being held every year then professor Kannan came and talked about many foresee based initiatives in IIT Bombay he is the person behind Aakha's tablets etc and professor Krithi Malaram Amritham who was the chief of our hackathon event he came and talked about smart energy and we have a separate lab here smart energy informatics laboratory so we he presented a lot of his ideas and about energy saving and later professor Baput he came and spoke about industrial design so we have so much of technology and other ideas that we have engineering solutions how do we make it more accessible to humans how do we make it more human you know he spoke about product design and industrial design primarily about design he is our faculty at industrial design center IIT Bombay then we have Mr. Castro who came and talked about smart cities followed by professor Tom from IIT Bombay he spoke about intersections of design and design of signalized intersections basically it is about transport and the last one was professor B Ravi what does it make to make in India that was an where that was a very very inspiring talk and like I said please do go through that it is a he he he has been working on various medical devices frugal medical devices and introducing new technology high technology in medical fields in a frugal way. Please do go through that talk and we have a lab here you are welcome to come anytime and have a look at the other book also either on web or in person you can come and later we had Surya Chakraty talking about again transportation Mr. Vivek Kali who was talking about smart and sustainable water resources and Arpita Mandal faculty at IIT Bombay she spoke about hydrology in Anthropocene and later professor Narayanan from Sitara Center for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas they came and discussed another interesting project called Million Soul Project which is a solar lamp so far they have distributed about 1 million solar lamps across India that is another very interesting flagship project and we had Mr. Krishnakumar who came and spoke about intelligent transportation systems and Jain Krishnagar he spoke about SAP it was it was a talk about cloud platform and how it can help in large scale projects we shall share you some of the pictures of people giving talks these are professor Krithiram Amritham who is talking about smart energy professor Fatak who is talking about cardinal principles of professional and this is professor Biravi who is talking about what does it take to make in India and coming to the working of hackathon we had a huge mentor team we had a lot of PhD students and other faculty members who came and who are working with our hackathon teams in a very close scale you know pretty much they lived over there you know in the whole hackathon area so these are the glimpses of hackathon happening you know we had booked about five different seminar halls and these areas we had completely dedicated to them we had all the machines and components left in front of them they could choose whatever they want and they can walk around see other people what they are working on interact with them so this casual interaction was the most important part of hackathon it is not that you sit in one place and like you know you work like a machine and get out no you go interact with others you learn from them and see what is their approach towards the problem we encourage this interaction quite a lot nobody was sitting in this place for more than 15-20 minutes you know they were going around and seeing everybody else that guy looks very serious again and before hackathon started we gave them set of tutorials and you know how to work on various aduinos and other open source hardware and software and students we had taken to all the labs in CDIIT and they could see how IIT is doing things and pretty much we taught them lot of new techniques this was very enriching for the students and they could we saw some of the students actually who had never worked on aduinos and other platforms they came they saw it and they were intrigued and they incorporated these devices in their projects we were quite surprised to see that and this is professor Bopat who is talking about product design and this is during the talks this is our team and here actually we had a small cultural event also in the evening people came we all sat together we discussed all our faculty members also came and joined there was a small competition there was a winner announced and people came sang and like no dance this made a huge difference the next day actually or the days which came after this people lost their inhibitions people were very free to talk to each other people knew each other quite a lot there was no there was more of a personal connection that happened after this event this cultural event so I would suggest if you are having such a serious hackathon there has to be a de-stressing area also and this informal exposure that leads to a lot of interesting chemistry amongst the students chemistry as in like you know how they operate and discuss and we had some foreigners from University of Edinburgh they also came they were quite interested to solve Indian problems and they came they gave couple of their products and it was quite refreshing for us to see them working with the rest of the team and I will show you some of the pictures of products developed by as a part of hackathon the previous one was this one is for the energy efficient louvers there is an interactive road system it is just a mock-up proof of concept prototype and finally we came to jury judging we did not take it very lightly even though all of us were pretty much involved and like we could see their progress we had some eminent professors from other institutes and other countries also and they came they were they were they were the part of the jury panel and nobody could believe students could come up with so much of hard work and like the quantum of work in such a short period of time they had they had to face a lot of difficulty in choosing the best one amongst the other entries all the entries and the jury panel actually brought in the serious note to the whole hackathon when people came to know such and such very serious jury members are there they could see okay our work is being evaluated by such very senior professionals and they took it seriously of course people are pretty much tensed before the announcement and interestingly this guy actually won a prize so I shall show you a two minute movie that is how hackathon at the campus it got over and we chose the finalists then we had a very large scale prize giving ceremony that happened at mmod grounds at and we chose six finalists from that is two from each stream that is like transportation energy and water there was a winner and there was a runner up this is the place huge stage we had professor krithi welcome the guests and professor kakkar and sudarshan ayangar they chaired the whole event and Mr. P. R. K. Murthy who is the director of mmod who came and professor Mr. Ajay Kumar Bhatt director of systems mmoc and professor B. K. Chakravati they chaired the whole event it was about a thousand-seater hall and we announced the winners I am not getting to the details of this yeah Harsh Gupta and Irbai Ferwani who are from V.K. Ananda Education Society Institute of Technology Mumbai they won in water and runner up was won by Nikhil Bharadwaj and Pranav Bharadwaj then transportation we had people from Satyam Sahu Anuj Singh and Anurag Thamar from Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology Kasiabad they won and runner up was by Shruj Patel and Vishwam S3, Krupal Sharma and Kinjal Prajapati from SEPT Ahmedabad and energy we had Ashrin Gandhi and Saurabh Anand from IIT Kanpur which was runner up in this energy category was Sanjay Kumar from VIT and Shiv Kumar from Karpoom College of Engineering Coimbatore and we had an interaction with the students after post hackathon and we took their feedback and like know where it can be improved etc and you know what they felt about it more everybody said like no it was very inspiring for us to come to IIT and work with such eminent minds and that inspiration what we gave is something like we are know we felt quite satisfied with and the winner or losers there was no winner or loser as such but everybody was happy at the end of it those who won the competitions or who had participated they came it was a complete immersive experience for them and that intensity in which they worked on the given subject that is something they everybody found are very useful so to conclude it what I would say is like you know finding the right problem giving it to them and giving the infrastructure to them to realize you know however small it is you know if they can come up with the solution I think that would motivate them to take bigger risks in the future this is an attitude that we give it to them you know you can you can you solve a big problem with small steps that is the whole idea in this pretty much this is the end of it so if you have any questions or your you can you can just shoot it up we will share our mail IDs with you and whatever help that you need please do contact us anytime thank you


Ok, Mike Liesh to inter养 my gas and talk about the next theme session of the world of senses, and I can continue that from that last. Thank you. Yes, a bit of a change of pace, all really to demonstrate really the diversity of this community and the rather embarrassingly community that requires this to for me to meet a colleague of my own from Lancaster. a wnaeth i ni i gyfieithio yng Nghymru'r Gweithredu sy'n ddiogelio i ddweud yng nghymru yn gyflafod. Felly, rydyn ni'n gweithio ein cyd-dyn nhw'n ffordd, mae'n dweud yng Nghymru yn ymddangos cyd-dyn nhw'n gweithio yng nghymru. Rwy'r cyd-dyn nhw'n gwneud ymddangos gyda cyfosig o'r cychwynnyn o'r cyfosigio yng Nghymru, ond o'r cyfosig o'r cyffredin, ond nid yn ddigwydd o'r newid yng nghymru, LEBL Cosmic Radiation Neutron Monitor so a lot of my research is around detecting radiation at any time, mainly neutrons or mainly neutrons. It's a collaboration that involves the UK Atomic Energy Agency who were doing a lot of our modelling efforts, Myrion Technologies who were supplying a lot of the instrumentation for this technology and our end-user at the end of the day is gonna be the meta-fix, a'r byw'r cyfnod ynghylch yn ystod. Rwy'n rhan o'r 5 rhesu o'r Uneddaeth yn ymgyrch o'r uneddaeth gwneud y cyfnodau i ddweud y byd, i ymgyrch yn ymgyrch a'r cyfnodau ac mae'n rheswm yn ymgyrch i'r rywbeth sy'n ei ddweud sut ystod i ddod i ddweud y bydd y 5 o'r 10 milion pwn sy'n ei cael ei ddweud o gwybod o'r projagau, yn cyfnodd o'r modlwch a risg o swydd. Mae 11 prograns o projexu yn total, 6 ydym yn fwyaf Nirk, sydd yn ffocwsio yn moddol, yn fwyaf moddol, ac y ddweud y 5 ydym yn fwyaf STFC. Mae'r main amser o'r gwswymau consortium yn ffocwsio o gwaith raddio ac yn ymgyrch yn y cyfnod ymwyaf, ac mae'r risg yw'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod yn ymgyrch. Under that is aircraft systems aviation, communication, navigation, power grids, so it's the space where it transforms to overload, where it is cross anti continents. Trans Images connections and other ground level systems. So much so, so it's space where there exist on the UK national risk register. This is a list of perceived risks, ydy'r hyn sy'n bryd? Felly, y gallwn y same yw'r hyn mae'r hyn sy'n bryd yn bryd yn bryd, ond cyd-wyrd, ysgol, yw'r hyn sy'n bryd, o'r wneud, yw'r hyn ymgyrch, yw'r hyn yn bryd, yw'r hyn a'r hyn sy'n bryd. Mae'r cyffredin cyfligau a wneud yn ei ddrwng. Felly, mae'r cyffredin cyffredin cyffredin cyffredin rydych yn llinodol, mae'n ceisio i siaradau ei wneud, ac os ydych yn fwyb Ty Gridwch, rydych yn llinodol, rydych yn chystwych yn siarad, ac rydych yn llinodol, ym mwyro. Rydych yn sylweddol yn ei chynion, mewn ffordd dysgu, ac rydych yn meddwl i niolion. Mae'r bodyn rhyw ymchwil yn adrodd o'r tuwn, mewn edrych yn llinodol, ond rydych yn llinodol, mae'n ddefnyddiad i fflusio'r cyfnodol, sydd wedi gweithio'r gweithio'r cyd-fynol. mae'n hynny'n ddweud ymgylch yn ysgrifftol. Ond yna'r ysgrifftol yn y gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, rydyn ni'n gwybod y prynsbol a'r status yw'r cyfrifiadau sy'n gweithio'r cyfrifiadau a'r gweithio'r cyfrifiadau yn ystafell ar y 50-tym. ar myös dod yr un, oherwydd ein cyfrifiadau yn ystafell ar y cyfrifiadau sydd hefyd yn ddweud. That's an example of one of the large BF3s used. LND say they still make something that's equivalent, but getting hold of these detectors is pretty tricky now. Of the current network, they feed into the neutron monitor database and this is a screenshot from that website showing where each of these monitors are located. It's about 50 of them still operational Efallai, yn ymlaen i Eulwf yn Finland, a i'r ddorb yn Belgiaf, ac yn ddorb, yn ymlaen, yn ymlaen i'r ddorb, felly mae'r ddweud yn cydroedd. Erbyn hynny, rydym yn rhoi bod modelau ddweud o instrumentau sy'n ei bod yn ymlaen i ddweud cyngor. A byddwn i'n ffordd, mae'n ddweud y modelau yn cael ei ddweud o'r rhun addysgol. Yn ddweud a yw'n mynd yn cael ei ddweud, ac yn ymlaen i Eulwf, yn ymlaen i Eulwf, yn y context ddaeth. Felly, we're taking a three-slide side step, that's the Tom Twister to test me, just to talk a little bit about neutrons, that's not a neutron, that's an atom that consists of some neutrons and protons and electrons, but the neutron is a similar size to the proton. It's got zero electric charge, which means it easily penetrates matter, so it'll go through the electron cloud under the terms, and you can interrogate the nucleus of material. And so that makes it very useful for a whole host of applications, but it also makes it really difficult to detect. And so to detect neutrons, you need an intermediary medium to induce an electric charge. And the way we do that is we use something, a material with a high cost cross-section to neutrons, and typically that's helium-3. It's widely used because of its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section. This is the reaction that happens, and neutron comes in, is absorbed by the helium-3. That produces tritium, a nitrogen and a proton, which is your ionizing particle to use in an ionization chamber. It has to be in gas form because it's a noble gas, and so you can't make a solid compound that's fabricated. And as a result of the 9-11 incident, there was a big uptick in the use of helium-3, the security and safeguards applications, at around about the same time that nuclear weapons treaty came into play, and helium-3 is a five-product of nuclear weapons production. So just as we realized we had a limited supply of helium-3, the demand for helium-3 went up, the security applications, and so the cost of helium-3 went up. So about 10 years ago, there was a massive scare in the community, safeguards and security community, that we can't afford helium-3 and it's not going to sustain our needs and our requirements, and so the cost shot up, and people started to look at alternative detector technologies, and there's a whole host of research in alternative neutron detector technologies, but still nothing comes close to the detection efficiency, reliability, stability of helium-3, so it is still the key for detecting neutrons if you want to do it with a void in VA-3. So that's how it's structured, we've got a pressurised tube with helium-3 and some other gas inside, nano, cathode, incoming neutron is absorbed by that helium-3, we get an ionisation particle, a proton, and that is amplified as it travels through the gas, creates further ionisation and amplification, and then you get to detect a signal. Okay, and we would have a high voltage bias across the detector to create that electric field. So stepping back into the original slide deck now, our aim is to develop a new type of instrument that's networkable for monitoring neutrons at ground level. It's got to be an operational, which is quite key for the application requirements, this is a research tool, it's got to be an operational instrument that's going to serve the UK Met Office and be the UK's flagship only neutron detector present. It needs to be cheaper, more compact, and still capable of producing comparable results to NNM64. And then the hope and the impact and the ref impact would be that we see a major increase in monitoring worldwide and enhanced global capabilities. We're going to feed data into MOSWAP, which is the Met Office Space Weather Operations Centre, and that's a guy behind many monitors there, probably too many monitors for one person to keep an eye on, but anyway. So, good for time. Some of the methods that we employed, we had a look at all those other alternative technologies available for detecting neutrons based on our operational experience, based on the efficiency, the reliability, the availability, and borrowing heavily from nuclear security applications and safeguards applications, we opted for, we used that to influence our decision and we came back to using Helium 3. Before we go any further though, bottom left figure shows what we proposed, we said, look, let's see what other detector technology is out there, that means we can avoid the Helium 3, potentially avoid expensive Helium 3, and let's use them in one or two different arrangements, either directly drop them into the existing configuration of the NNM64, so that's the lead annuali with the winds shown on the left, so a different technology placed inside there, and some of the NNM64s have actually employed Helium 3, and then went back to BF3 because of the price scares, and then the other option is multiple detectors, smaller diameter, but a higher concentration, increasing the packing density directly in the moderating material, so that's a different look at the production, moderation and detection methodology of this technique. So we did that, we did an evaluation detectors, we considered boron coated straws as an alternative, we then did a modelling lead redesign, before we did that we took a benchmark, which is the top white figure to see how good the NNM64 was designed, how optimised it was for the massive lead, anything in the green box there shows something that's achieved a higher cap rate for a lower massive lead, so very few beat the NNM64 and that's probably a result of oversimplification of our model, so it did a good job, anything in the red you get high counting efficiency, but for a higher cost of lead, so it was very well designed. We then went to a parameterised model for the generation of thermal neutrons in the main detector location, optimised all of that, optimised the detector location, so it came up with an optimised design for Helium 3 detectors, which the NNM64 just replacing the BF3 for Helium 3 failed to do. We've done various experimental validations about simulations and we've got a good agreement and we've got many of those to show you today. The next thing we're looking to do in the next couple of months, or certainly by the end of this month, is sign off on an engineered solution and then go on to deployment at a Met Office field site in Canborn before the end of the year. So this is what we've achieved. We've got something that's a smaller footprint, smaller volume, less mass and it's cheaper than the NNM64. You can see how a neutron monitor footprint is the dark red box compared to the 6 tube NNM64, which was our benchmark. We estimate that it's 50% cheaper before we take into consideration the savings associated with housing a smaller instrument, not having to ship highly toxic BF3s and a smaller housing. We've achieved that by increasing the packing density of the detectors. That's what it looks like. And then I just want to finish with some promising results because we haven't actually got an instrument yet, but we've got something that's very similar to this instrument. This is an M50L passive neutron monitor loaned by Miriam Technologies. It's used for material, especially nuclear material assay, accountancy and security applications. We put it in a load of lead. We ran it for several weeks with and without lead and we got some data and then we compared that to the data that we saw from the neutron monitor database. So if we take a quick look at that, here's some of the monitors keel through to Young One in the existing global network based loosely or mostly on the NNM64. And then our N50L in the most right column. Now the two that stand out for having similarities is the keel to monitor two hours in terms of latitude, longitude, altitude, geomagnetic cut off. So it's those two that I'm looking to compare on the next slide. It's a much smaller monitor, our NN50L. So we've applied a scaling factor of 144 and you can see that it tracks the fluctuation scene on the NNM, the neutron monitor database for the different monitors. We're interested in looking at it compared to the keel, which is the black line. And the next slide will do some scaling of that. And this is for a 24 hour roll count rate. You can see how we get the amplification signal when we include the lead from the magenta in the bottom to the magenta at the top. So that's how it's going to be operated in the top there. Very quickly rounding up. That NN50L, which is helium three tubes in polyethylene monitor and moderator in lead is very similar to our design. It's about, it's seen 2.5 counts per second. The keel monitor is three times bigger than our benchmark six tube, and that's seen about 60 counts per second. Our proposed design is 18 times bigger than the NN50L, which takes us up to around about 40 counts per second, 45 counts per second for our proposed design. So we're getting close to the target. We're in the right order of magnitude, which is early positive data. And this is before all the optimization has been included. I'm conscious of time coming up to the minutes. We've made something smaller. We've got promising long count rate data with an analogue. We're going to deploy later this year and continue doing some validation to improve the fidelity of our models, including utilising the SDFC explanation source. So watch this face. The UK is going to have its own neutral monitor to provide you better cosmic radiation data for better calibration of your COSMET, of your soil moisture sensors and other things. Thank you very much. Can you explain a bit more detail about the impacts that such a ground level emissivity on that actually has? You kind of terrified me at least about the mistakes so many possible outcomes. So ground based stuff and some other stuff that's going on at Lancaster Research is you can induce a ground currents and railways use currents down the lines to determine where the train is located on the track so that you don't get trains running into each other. If you get a severe ground level enhancement event and currents induced in the earth's surface, you can get artificial currents on the railway track lines and signal them that those systems can fail, trains can be held up, trains can be released, trains crashing. That's what I'm saying. Wow, okay. That's Jim Wild of Lancaster more about that. It can take out transformers so you lose power. It can take out satellite navigation and communication so you're trying to repair the power grid without communication, without the internet, have an afternoon without the internet, have an afternoon without your mobile phone. We're so reliant on it. Was it silver linings? Okay. Thank you very much. There are more questions.


Hi, my name is Yiming, I'm a Ph.D. student from Xi'an Jiao Tong University. This is my research in device feedback immersive head-mounted displays for distance perception during teleoperation of unmanned ground vehicles. Thanks to Professor Liang and all co-authors for help. Okay, let's have a brief introduction. Head-mounted displays have been used to provide an immersive front-person view in real time for manipulating remotely controlled unmanned ground vehicles. Distance perception for real-time teleoperation has been studied to improve user experience and task efficiency. One common way for preserving distance information is to provide video distance indicators on the screen. However, these actual visual elements take up screen space, which is often limited in HMD. The second way to use sound feedback, but this approach is not as accessible and accurate as visual elements. These issues could be addressed with a real-time feedback system for RPVOGV using tactile or off-screen visual feedback. Then we designed a prototype. We used point monitors and LED strips to provide distance information, which is captured by the distance sensors attached on a UGV. User gets information via the stimulation of vibration and off-screen LED lighting. We conduct a user study to evaluate the two feedbacks and their combination. Users were required to remotely control the UGV to pass through these experimental sites and we measured objective and subjective data. Results show that the additional sensory information allows users to move the UGV in a more precise manner and lead to a more positive experience. So both Light Video and Vibral Tactile feedback are helpful. Light Video is easier to get a customer to use. Well, Vibral Tactile feedback seems to provide higher accuracy, is more exciting and normal to use and is more resistant to interference under complex driving conditions. In short, N Divide's feedback using Vibral Tactile and LED lights is a simple, efficient and low-cost approach to provide precise distance information for UGVs controlled via an HMD in real-time. Thank you. Any questions?