Welcome to the Hindi News Analysis by Shankar Ayes Academy. The list of topics chosen for today's discussion along with the page numbers is given here for your reference. See this news article from today's editorial page. This article focuses on the plight of prisoners in the COVID-19 pandemic. So this article is authored by a former administrator, diplomat and the former governor of West Bengal. So the author examines the situations of prisoners and urges the use of an important amendment to the CRPC. That is Code of Criminal Procedure. Let us see these aspects now before going further. The relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. See in the last say 6 to 8 months, we have discussed the pandemic's impact on many sectors. Say we have discussed healthcare workers, we have discussed impact on women, children, migrants, rural labor, etc. But rarely we ever think about those who are confined in prisons that too in a congested manner in this social distancing era. First to discuss the prisoners situation in this pandemic, do we have the needed statistics? According to author, statistics exist but they are not available in a public domain. So as a public, we cannot have access to them. So what about other countries? So to explain the situation, author takes examples of U.S.U.K. For example, in America, the criminal justice activists warned about the spread of disease among prisoners as back as in March 2020 itself. That is even before COVID became a very big pandemic, the activists of America warned the government about the spread of virus in the prisons. These activists or public health experts signed a letter which called the federal prisons and immigration detention centers as breeding grounds for uncontrolled transmission of the virus. So this speculation became true when by September 2020, in USA, 44 of 50 COVID-19 clusters were found in prisons. And even in UK, a mass testing program was started for all prisoners in many prisons in July itself. So in US as well as in UK, either the civil society demanded for pandemic control in prisons or the government did it itself based on public opinion. Now, if we talk about India, the main issue according to author is that search statistics are not even demanded by the public or civil society. One of the reasons for this is poor tradition of human rights activism in India. Second issue is that the government is also not doing much. So what is the condition of prisons in India? Before know that, prisons and persons detained therein is in state list according to 7th schedule. Additionally, prisons are exclusive responsibility of state governments under the prison act of 1894. So simply put, states have more responsibility in managing the prisons and the prisoners. So to know about the prison's condition, we have something called prison statistics India 2019 report. This report is an annual statistical report released by National Crime Records Bureau. So this report provides statistics on number of prisons, prisoners as well as prison infrastructure. And according to last report that is 2019 report, the occupancy rate has increased. And as you can see here, the all India average occupancy rate is always more than 100%. So what does we mean by more than 100%? If the capacity is 100, more than 100 prisoners are being put in the prisons. Unfortunately, some states have crossed 140% occupancy rate. So this clearly means that prisons in India are overcrowded and overburdened. And if we take the type of prisoners, under trial prisoners are more than other types. See, under trial prisoners constitute about 69% of total prisoners. See, the prisoners that is who are staying in prison are categorized as convicts, under trials, didn't use. So what do you mean by convict? Convict is a person found guilty of a crime. So he made a crime, he was found guilty and court gave him punishment. So this person was being kept in jail. Such person is called convict. And under trial is a person who is currently on trial in court of law. And a detainee is any person held lawfully in custody. So here the worst condition is of the under trials. Because as we just saw, they are currently on trial in court of law. So they can be either convicted or also can be acquitted. So they may be found guilty or they may be found innocent. So as per the current law under CRPC, they can be detained up to 90 days depending on the nature of offense. But as we know, in some exceptional circumstances, they are also detained indefinitely. So here we are not saying that enough time should not be given for investigation and trial, during which under trials are imprisoned. But since some of them could be acquitted, the overcrowding along with some other issues make it worse for under trials. Other issues like poor living conditions, inadequate healthcare facilities and even torture by other prisoners. So under trials face huge violation of basic human rights and huge injustice is caused to their families. So our focus here is on under trials since if they are declared innocent and released, they may spread the disease to their families, neighborhood, if not properly taken care of. So in this regard, other has given certain certions to safeguard prisoners, especially under trials and to curb the spread of disease. So here we are linking two aspects, one COVID-19, second one, the inmates who are under trial. So first search is conduct an immediate review of all prisoners' vulnerability to the virus. The review should comprise 100% testing and repeated testing procedures in all prisons. And among the type of prisoners, review could be started with under trials as they may come in contact with outside world first. After review, those testing positive should be isolated as well as hospitalized. Second search is to vigorously bringing down the population of prisons. Here it does not mean that releasing the prisoners just like that. But others suggest using of an important CRPC amendment which is CRPC Amendment Act of 2005. So this amendment inserted a new section and according to this section, a person during the period of investigation, inquiry, or trial under any law, the under trial prisoner shall be released by court if the under trial has undergone detention for a period extending up to one half of maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offense. See for example, I have committed a crime. The maximum period of imprisonment for the crime I have committed is two years. But for the last one year, I have been in jail. So I have already completed half of the maximum imprisonment. I may get if I am proved guilty. So persons like me who are under trial and completed half of the maximum punishment even before finding guilty can be released by the court on his personal bond with or without sureties. This section is not applicable to an offense for which punishment is death penalty. That means if this section is used properly, it will not only be fair to under trials but it will also reduce the burden on prisons as under trials constitute major type of prisoners. Around 69% of prisoners are under trial. So this will lead to decongestion of prisons and will be very helpful in containing the COVID-19. So author suggests to bring this action into force on an urgent nationwide basis. Next suggestion is that when they are to be released, they can be vaccinated on a priority basis. Next, central government should also push for above certions since preventing infectious and contagious diseases is a subject under concurrent list. Meaning both state and center should work for it. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. We had a very interesting discussion linking a gray area that is prisoners issues with that of COVID-19. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us see these three news articles. One is editorial, one is open and other is data point. All these three articles are with reference to COVID-19 vaccination drive in India. See recently the government has launched the vaccination drive for COVID-19 that is coronavirus. However, the vaccination drive was not greeted with much enthusiasm as can be seen with many number of people are not coming for getting vaccine. Even in a state like Tamil Nadu with well-developed health infrastructure only 16% coverage was achieved on the first day. So this was a result of poor communication lack of transparency from the side of government. And in turn this has resulted in vaccine hesitancy among the people and to the worst vaccine hesitancy was noted even among healthcare workers. So now let us see what vaccine hesitancy is and what are the factors that are leading to predominance of vaccine hesitancy in the society. See according to WHO vaccine hesitancy is defined as reluctance or refusal to vaccine despite the availability of vaccines. Even though vaccines are available people are not coming to get the vaccine. So what is leading to vaccine hesitancy among general population? See in case of COVID-19 the hesitancy is due to the fact that the government has given emergency use authorization for two vaccines one is COVID shield and other is co-vaccine without proper efficacy data. And with respect to co-vaccine of Bharat biotech the emergency use authorization in clinical trial mode was given and there are even questions related to efficacy of these vaccines which were conducted in phase 3 were not addressed properly by the government. So all these factors along with the speed with which government has started the vaccination drive has led to little suspicion in the general population. So this led to vaccine hesitancy in the country. So what are the other factors which are leading to vaccine hesitancy? First one rise of anti-vaccine movements in the west. Second fear of risk associated with the vaccines. Generally vaccine involves administrating a live weekend or killed virus into the body so that our immune system will start producing antibodies against this weak virus and this antibodies will prevent the future infection of the virus. So but sometimes this weak virus may also lead to health problems and reactions. So fear of vaccine risk is also leading to hesitancy of the vaccine. And third one the most important one religious suspicions and rumors. For many years a minority community in India is always worried that Indian government is administering contraceptive vaccine that is family planning vaccine to minorities in India. Because of this reason many minorities are not taking the vaccines. Further lack of well-developed public health system along with using coercion that is forced to vaccinate the population is also leading to vaccine hesitancy. So these are the other factors which needs to be addressed. So in this light the former director of IISC Bangalow says that it is not prudent or it is not wise to doubt the Indian vaccines. He further said that we will have to wait for another six months to see the real efficacy of the vaccines. In addition the virus in India is mutating and also weakening on its own. So unless large population is vaccinated we cannot really talk about the efficacy of the vaccine at the moment. So there is also a phenomenon called antibody dependent enhancement which means once the vaccine is injected the virus specific antibodies which were produced by the immune system will enhance the severity of the virus. So contrastingly the vaccines sometimes may even lead to increased severity of virus. What experts in India assured that this will not happen with regard to vaccines which are being administered in India that are Covishield and Covaxin. The author further added that we have to believe in these vaccines because the current pandemic has posed a great challenge to the world and historically only vaccines saved human lives from deadly viruses. If you see Indian government under Mission Indra Dhanush intensified Mission Indra Dhanush is administering vaccines for many diseases for free of cost. This is mainly to save lives of infants and children. So author says that vaccination of large population is very important for protection against fresh infections as well as second wave and even there are many doubts regarding expert committee advising the drugs controller general of India. Many people argued or criticized that DGCA has been pressurized to give emergency use authorization for vaccines but it is to be noted that DCGI is not just an individual to be pressurized. It is an institution and whatever the decisions will be made only after following the due process. So author concludes that doubting the vaccine will only disrupt the government's efforts to vaccinate. We have a very huge population to be vaccinated. So we need to remove suspicions with regard to vaccine and also move ahead. So in this context building confidence in the process is very crucial to achieve the mass vaccination and our prime ministers often repeated mantra that is Sabka Vikas and Sabka Vishwas that is for everyone's development with everyone's trust is very relevant here and health ministry must do whatever it takes to make a success of the vaccination drive. So this is all what editorial and OPD says and if we come to the data point which gives data regarding COVID-19 vaccines their pricing and how much India needs to spend to achieve mass vaccination is given in the data point. First it is to be noted that the two vaccines Covaxin and Covishield which were rolled out in India are of low cost compared to other countries. But the problem here is even to vaccinate 50% of Indian population using the cheapest vaccine available it would require an allocation of more than 40% of India's current health budget. As you can see in this picture for vaccinating 50% we need 42% of health budget for 70% we may need 58% of health budget. So this is two times the share of all vaccination allocations in the current health budget. So more resources need to be spent out for achieving the vaccine targets. And coming to cost of various vaccines which are available in the market the Indian made vaccines that are Bharat biotechs Covaxin and serum institutes Covishield are comparatively cheaper. The government is procuring vaccines at just around rupees 200 per each dose. But the problem here is the COVID vaccine at rupees 200 is slightly more expensive than other vaccines. So the common public will find it difficult to buy the vaccine and get it administered even if government gives authorization for private sale of vaccines. So this is what data point says. So this is all about the discussion of these three news articles editorial op-ed and data point. We had a brief discussion on lack of enthusiasm in getting vaccination second the reasons for increased vaccine hesitancy and what is the data regarding cost of vaccines and how much India needs to spend to vaccinate 50% of Indian population. Let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us take up this news article from today's editorial page which talks about unsustainable mining. Say we know that minerals are valuable natural resources being finite and non-renewable which means their quantity is restricted and cannot be renewable means they cannot be used again and again. So they constitute the vital raw materials for many basic industries and are a major resource for development. For example, Japan after hit by nuclear bombs in World War II needed lot of I know to rebuild entire country. Then India exported a lot of I know to Japan which helped Japan in reconstructing the country after the World War. So minerals are a major source of development. Further mining is a very important economic activity in India and contributes nearly 3% of India's GDP and just as you said India is one of the largest exporters of I know chromite bauxite mica zinc manganese and is ranked fifth among mineral producing countries in terms of volume of production. And as you can see in this picture in terms of coal steel we are third in terms of iron ore we are fourth bauxite fifth zinc sixth and around 98 types of minerals are being produced in our country or extracted in our country. So in this regard author talks about unsustainable mining practices which do not take consideration of future generations. So in this context let us discuss the legislations in India regarding mining and also the opinion of the author on mining practices before going further the relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. See in India the management of mineral resources is the responsibility of both central and state governments. So the state governments are the owners of minerals located within the boundaries of the state concern. Also the state governments have the power to frame policies regulate the exploration extraction and processing of all minor minerals such as building stones clay sand etc. So minor minerals responsibility is completely vested with the state government and the central government is the owner of minerals underlying the ocean within the territorial waters or exclusive economic zone of India. This is in accordance with article 297 of Indian constitution and with respect to major minerals central government has the power of revision fixing of royalty issuing regulations etc. So in this regard Parliament has passed a legislation the Mines and Minerals Act of 1957 that is MMDR. This MMDR act regulates the overall mining sector in India and this act was recently amended in the last year that is 2020. So today's article mainly talks about a term called mineral concession. So what do we mean by mineral concession? See a concession means a grant of right by the government. In this context a mineral concession means an area allocated by the government to the private individuals for the extraction of minerals. So who has the right to grant mineral concessions? See the state governments grant the mineral concessions for all the minerals located within the boundary of the state under the provisions of MMDR act as well as mineral concession rules of 1960. But in many cases prior approval of central government is required. Next author talks about the current mineral policy and what are the issues with that? See we all know that economic reforms were initiated in India in 1991 that is liberalization, privatization and globalization. So in pursuance of these reforms national mineral policy was announced in 1993 and subsequently it was modified in 2008 and the latest version is national mineral policy of 2019. So broadly the aim of this policy is to have a more effective, meaningful and implementable policy which brings in further transparency, better regulation and enforcement, balanced social and economic growth and sustainable mining practices. Have a brief idea on all these words you can use them in the main six. So coming to highlights of this new policy first in areas of regulation procedures for grant of mineral concessions will be made more transparent. This is in order to improve ease of doing business. Further more emphasis will be given on e-governance, satellite and remote sensing applications. Second in case of prospecting and exploration state of our technologies like 2D, 3D systems will be used and to ensure maximum exploration and extraction in exclusive economic zone the cooperation between Geological Survey of India and the Ministry of Earth Sciences is envisaged. Next in case of infra development dedicated mineral corridors will be developed to transport mineral from mining areas. For this coastal waterways and inland waterways will be effectively used and very importantly the policy highlights the importance of promoting zero waste mining and as usual the measures will be taken to attract foreign investments in the mining sector. So these are the basic information regarding mining policies in the country. We have talked about MMDR Act we have talked about National Mining Policy of 2019. So now what author is trying to say in this aspect first author points that unsustainable mining practices are leading to depletion of natural resources which also include minerals. Additionally the real value of those minerals are not realized when they are extracted and sold. So this means governments are selling minerals at significantly lower prices than what they are worth. This is mainly driven by lobbying political donations and even corruption. To substantiate this author takes the example from the annual reports of Vedanta Vedanta is a big corporate involved in mining and other industrial development. So according to the report Gova lost more than 95% of the value of its minerals after extraction costs and a reasonable profit for the extractor. So this loss to the government is being encased by few extractors and chronic capitalists. So this is leading to inequality again. So because of these the future value of those minerals is not considered. So the future generations are deprived of the resources due to our unsustainable usage. For example as we just said Gova the people and future generations of Gova have sold mineral wealth of rupees 100 for just 5 rupees thereby losing around 95 rupees. See the current national mineral policy that is 2019 policy states that natural resources including minerals are a shared inheritance where state is the trustee on behalf of people to ensure that future generations receive the benefit of inheritance. It means we are inheriting the natural resources from our previous generations. So similar to that we have to give the resources to our next generations as well. So according to the policy state will act as a trustee to ensure that future generations are not left out with minerals. So author suggests that we should change our paradigm to understand minerals as a shared inheritance and not a source of windfall revenue which means government should not see minerals as a milking cow of revenues. So in this regard the author talks about the principle of intergenerational equity or we often hear this sustainable development. So this would make very important for us to ensure that future generations inherit at least as much as we did. So author suggests that we should extract and sell our mineral wealth with zero loss in value. That means state as trustee must capture the full economic rent. And in this regard a future generations fund should be created and the money received from the sale of minerals should be deposited in it so that the value of minerals which we exploit now can be enjoyed by our future generations too. So this is all about the discussion of this news article wherein we have talked about unsustainable mining practices. We had a very detailed understanding on mining policies in our country. Let us move on to next news article discussion. See this news article talks about the report relating to marriage age of women. In the last year's budget speech the union finance minister proposed a panel on the age of girl entering motherhood. This is to lower maternal mortality rates and improve nutrition levels. So in short government wanted to examine whether increasing the age of marriage of women is necessary. For this purpose government of India has set up a task force in the last June with these terms of reference. Just have a brief look over it. For example the first one to examine the correlation of age of marriage and motherhood with health, medical well-being, nutritional status, IMR, MMR, TFR, sex ratio at birth, CSR, etc. So the correlation should be examined. Second, measures for promoting higher education suitable legislative instruments in existing laws to support the recommendations to work out a detailed rollout plan with timelines to implement the recommendations. So these are the important terms of reference given to the task force panel. And today's news article says that the report has been submitted to the government now but the details of the report are not yet available in the public domain. Now the major outcome of this report could be raising the minimum age of marriage for women from 18 years to 21 years. See, before 1978 women's age of marriage was 15 years according to Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929. This is popularly known as Sardar Act. You would have studied this act in your history books. But in 1978 this act was amended to increase the age to 18 years. And then when the prohibition of Child Marriage Act came into force it repealed the Sardar Act. So the 2006 act provides for legal age of marriage for both men and women by defining the term child. So according to the act child means a boy who has not completed 21 years of age or a girl who has not completed 18 years of age. So simply put boy can marry only after 21 girl can marry only after 18. Now the government is aiming to increase it to 20 years. Thus bringing women's marriage age and power with men. But implementing minimum age for marriage has remained a challenge since various courts continued to uphold the customary practices and personal laws of different religious communities which govern family matters. Only the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 changed with time to bring the age criteria in consonance with prohibition of Child Marriage Act. So the main problem here is many of you might know in most of our villages child marriage is very common that is a girl will be married immediately after she reaches puberty or once she completes 10th grade she will be married. So because of all these religious or cultural issues there has been some legal challenges in enforcing the minimum marriage age for women. So this is the legal scenario. So what are the advantages of increasing the marriage age of women to 21? First one it may lead to positive economic social and health effect for families women, children and the society at large. If minimum age is increased to 21 more women can pursue education and as they may get pregnancy at the later ages the health of both infants that is IMR as well as mothers that is MMR could be improved and according to some studies the risk of IMR as well as anemia for first births will decline after the age 21. There are also arguments against the increasing of marriage age. First it is opposed stating that this move may be used to imprison young adults who go against social norms and have consensual sexual relationships or marrying without parents consent. So as women cannot be married until they attain 21 years they will be forced or imprisoned in their own homes and they may not be allowed outside. Second it is also feared that without addressing other important aspects this move could actually increase the number of child marriages and can increase gender bias. For example if parents were expected to support their daughters for longer periods that is up to 21 years because of poverty they may marry them off in secret or with forged documents leading to child marriages. This in turn may lead to increase in unsafe abortions as well. If you see in some cultures in almost all religions in India women are seen as a burden and marrying women at the younger ages is seen as a respite to the parents. So increasing of marriage age of women to 21 years may further enhance this gender bias or may lead to increased abortions which further deteriorate the sex ratios in our country. So before bringing such changes government should look into all aspects say religion, culture, economic burden or even educational burden everything. So all these issues should be addressed before bringing any policy change. So what do you think about increasing the marriage age of women? What's your opinion? Should it be increased or should it be maintained as it is? Give your opinion in the comment section. Let us move on to practice questions discussion session. See this question. This question is framed based on these two news articles which talk about Tunisia and Uganda. See a social unrest has been erupted in working class districts of several cities in Tunisia. The unrest is mainly due to an economic crisis which was worsened by the pandemic. This sparked rapid inflation and high youth unemployment and coming to Uganda's news article it talks about the controversy related to the recent president elections in Uganda. The main opposition challenger had rejected the official election results as fraudulent but according to official reports the long-time leader Yoveri Musevini had won the elections which is not being accepted by the opposition leader who is Bobby Wein. So coming back to the question which is framed based on Tunisia and Uganda three statements are given here and we are supposed to identify incorrect statements. Statement 1 Tunisia lies north of the equator while Uganda lies south of the equator. As you can see in this map Tunisia lies north of the equator but Uganda lies along the equator and not south of the equator. So statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 Both Tunisia and Uganda share border with Lake Victoria. This statement is also incorrect because as you can see here only Uganda shares border with Lake Victoria. And Tunisia lies in northern part of Africa. Tunisia shares border with Algeria, Libya and to the north and northeast it is bordered by Mediterranean Sea. So statement 2 is also incorrect. Statement 3 River Vadi Mazarda flows through Tunisia. Yes this statement is correct. This is the main river of Tunisia and the country's only perennial flowing stream. This river lies in north-eastern Algeria in the Mazarda mountains and flows northeast to the Gulf of Tunisia before entering the Mediterranean Sea. So statement 3 is correct. So it should not be in the answer. So correct answer is option A one and two only. See this question. Consider the following statements with reference to prohibition of Child Marriage Act of 2006. Three statements are given here and we are supposed to identify incorrect statements. Statement 1 The definition of child varies for female and male child. Yes, statement 1 is correct because for females it is 18 years and for males it is 21 years. Coming to statement 2 It repealed Sardha Act. Yes, statement 2 is also correct. PCMA Act repealed the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 which is famously known as Sardha Act. So statement 1 and 2 are correct so they should not be in the answer. So you can strike off option A, option C as well as option D. So therefore correct answer is option B three only. So the statement 3 which is it prescribes punishment for both male and female adults marrying a child. This statement is incorrect because only male adults marrying a child are punished under the PCMA Act of 2006 because this is what is common and we don't generally see an adult female marrying a child. So statement 3 is incorrect therefore the correct answer is option B three only. Let us now take main practice questions. See this question. Natural resources including minerals or a shared inheritance where the state is the trustee on behalf of the people to ensure that future generations receive the benefit of inheritance. Elaborate. Next, see this question. What is vaccine hesitancy? What are the reasons for increased vaccine hesitancy and suggest measures to overcome it? See this main question from GS2. Presents are breeding grounds for uncontrolled transmission of virus. What solutions do you suggest to curb this growing minis? Write your answers for these questions and post your answers in the comment section. With this we conclude today's news analysis. 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Football season's here. Everybody's having to make adjustments. Tracy's husband passed fairly recently. He's a longtime Titans season ticket holder. So that's why we're here. It's to bring Titans fandom, everything that her husband lived for, just that sense of football season togetherness. We're bringing homegating to the Bates family. For Tracy to come here and then come back to the patio and feel Robigan will be really a special experience for her and for the kids to really just kind of keep his love alive. There's no place like home. That doesn't change the impact that you and your team. Thank you so much for everything that you're doing and we're so grateful to have you on the Titans family. On behalf of Academy Sports and Outdoors, this is our way of saying thank you for everything teachers do in our community. I've maybe been back in the backyard five times without him so walking around that corner was hard for me today but we did it and we did it with the help of you all. This was his doing to get me back here and he has a hand on us every day and we can feel him. And I thank you very much and it's just one thing I think the girls and I really, really needed.


The Chairman, Senate Committee on Capital Market, Senator Ibu Kulia-Moso, has notified the Nigerian Senate about his intention to contest the 2023 presidential race. The notification is contained in a letter addressed to the Senate and read by the President of the Senate, Ahmed Lawan, during a plenary on Wednesday. Amoso said he will declare for the race on the 5th of May. Later from the distinguished Senator Ibu Kulia-Moso, C-O-N-F-C-A, our dear Senate President, notification and invitation to the formal declaration to contest for the office of President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria under the All Progressive Congress, APC. I bring the greatest respect that I write to notify you and my distinguished colleagues of my intention to contest for the office of President of our dear country, the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and to respectfully invite you and my distinguished colleagues to the formal declaration ceremony.


All right, hi everyone and welcome to how to hire and fire your employer My name is April Sides, I'm a developer at Lullbot I'm also the lead organizer of Drupal Camp Asheville and no I'm not looking to fire my employer a little bit about my background I've had I have experienced in higher education government and agency work I've taken several leaps in my career The first one was the hardest, but I've learned a lot in 13 years of full-time employment And each leap has contributed to my growth personally and professionally and this journey has led me to being here in front of you today So why do I care about this topic and why should you care? Based on results from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics American Time Use Survey we spend 34% of our awake time at work. It's the number one activity after sleep and personal care So that means we spend over a third of our awake time in work and work related activities So as Drake says YOLO you only live once life is too short to be unhappy at work So today we're gonna talk about a few things here. What do you have want and need? Should I stay or should I go? How do you find the right employer and how do you fire your current employer? So I'm gonna start with what do you have want and need? You know this involves personal reflection and introspection you have to know yourself and what you want and need to know what you're looking for It's important to be honest with yourself in this process. There are no right or wrong answers So start with your assets You have both soft and hard assets your soft assets include your knowledge skills strength and network These are the things you have that you can contribute to an organization They may be listed on your resume or included in a cover letter and they help to determine your market value So can consider things like what happens at your organization? When you're not at work, what do people frequently compliment you on? To get an outside perspective ask your trusted contacts What do you see are my greatest strengths and if you had to come to me for advice on a topic? What would it be? And then you also have hard assets hard assets include your cash investments possessions in relation to your financial obligations These help in risk assessment and salary negotiations You know can you afford a lower salary salary for better benefits and if an opportunity doesn't work out Can you pay the bills before your next job? So next let's think about your personal values You know knowing your personal values will help you make better career decisions Finding an employer and job that closely match your personal values Can lead to better job satisfaction So if you've never realized your values in a formal list, they're still present just unconsciously That's because values are found in the decisions we make in the past So there's an activity that is most successful with a friend to get an outside perspective But think about the big transformative moments of your life The name five values from those stories and then those will be your personal values the top five This is similar to something called a mountains and valleys exercise where you think about the highs and lows in your past and find The values that were present or absent If an organization wants to learn about your values to determine if you're a good match They may ask you to name someone you admire and why? Let's think about your aspirations and goals Aspirations are shaped by your actions and experiences. So in your personal life What do you do when you have nothing urgent to do and will someone pay you for your passions? Also, think about things that compliment your soft assets and past experience so that you can build on your past and continue to grow It's also important to think about your growth trajectory So there are two types of growth trajectory steep and gradual Steep growth trajectory is cracked characterized by being a change agent being ambitious at work and seeking new opportunities And gradual growth trajectory is characterized by being a force for stability Being ambitious outside of work or simply content in life and being happy in your current role But note on this figure that both of these different Growth trajectories are on the same side of the graph as excellent performance. So one is not better than the other They're just different But just remember it's not sustainable to be ambitious at work and outside of work And this is a quote from a book called radical candor We all have periods in our lives when our professional growth speeds up or slows down Allow yourself and your peers the freedom to change So lastly, let's talk about your work environment needs Think of these as a spectrum or a slider So in terms think about what works best for you So in terms of in-person versus remote how much in-person Interactions do you require and if you decide to try to remote what were your workspace look like? Also consider the size of an organization large versus small a large organization typically has more hierarchy So they may have more growth and change opportunities They may also be very process oriented if a small organization is owned by another organization it may operate like a large a larger our organization and Values can be widely different between the sizes of organizations Also think about the structure formal versus informal and what do you need to be productive? Do you prefer or need structured or flexible work hours workspace and tools or dress code? Also consider the pace of work slow versus fast You know sometimes slow can be burning can be boring and sometimes fast can lead to burnouts And there are going to be cases where the pace will vary from time to time based on project deadlines But determine what works best for you Also think about distraction like how distractible are you low versus high? Which which office environment is going to work best for you will you thrive in offices cubicles or open spaces and What level of interruption are you comfortable with and this applies to both in-person and remote? What work culture will dictate often dictates how available you should be at any given time think about what's going to work best for you And last let's think about travel none versus lots You know travel could include retreats conferences client meetings trainings One amount of travel are you comfortable with? So your assets your values aspirations growth trajectory and work environment needs will evolve over time Reflect often, you know if you're familiar with agile software development think of this as an iterate and grow process for yourself and your career So how do you decide when you need to leave an organization? First evaluate your current job, you know, are you surviving or thriving do you have work life balance? Does your job align with your current aspirations and growth trajectory and are you experiencing burnout? And I want to take a moment to talk about burnout. There are three kinds of burnout Overload burnout is characterized by working hard, but risking health to pursue your ambitions Under challenge burnout is characterized by being bored having a lack of learning and growth opportunities and feeling disengaged from work and Neglect burnout is characterized by feeling helpless or incompetent You can't keep up and you're feeling unmotivated These are the signs of burnout. I'm going to read through them. There are a lot of them Which is really important to you to know what they are so you will be able to See them and notice them and take care of them Physical symptoms such as exhaustion most of the time headaches muscle aches getting sucked often a negative attitude about work or your career Feeling like everything is overwhelming or your efforts are futile Neglecting your own needs as your as if you're a pushover withdrawing from new responsibilities challenges and people procrastinating mainly avoiding work or work taking longer because you can't concentrate short-tippered especially with colleagues and difficulty sticking to regular self-care like exercise and eating well and loss of motivation and optimism You may not know you have burnout until you hit a wall and self-care is very important and Also think about these in relation to a friend a co-worker even a boss You know adopt the radical caner motto to care personally and challenge directly Let people know if you think they may be having burnout So now let's evaluate your employer You know after you've had your personal reflection are your values aligned and do you respect the leadership? How do you feel about the organization's direction of future? Do you feel appreciated and supported? Are there opportunities for career growth? How is employee feedback received and do you see results? Are there problem patterns? How are they managed and are they tolerable or intolerable? How's it feel be honest with yourself? So if you like your employer, you don't have to fire them You know you can consider exploring other opportunities within the same organization If that's not an option you can use your current job in organization as a reference to compare with other opportunities If you seek a higher salary Request a conversation about increasing your salary before giving notice Don't use giving notice as a way to get a raise This can actually erode trust between you and your employer and sends a message that your job is only about the money So ABC career planning from the startup of you is a great tool for planning your next move So in this diagram here plan a is your current job or organization Plan B is what you will pivot to it be a new opportunity And sometimes you change to a plan B because a is not working but sometimes a is working yet Plan B seems to have more potential The best plan B's will be different but related to what you're doing now so that you can make use of past experience and continue growth This plan will be more open-ended Plan Z on the other hand will be more concrete It will allow you to take on uncertainty and risk, you know think of it as your safety net your life vote your fail-safe option To build this plan first identify how to measure when you're tracking towards a worst-case scenario Then develop a plan that tells you what to do should that happen. That's your plan Z So now that we know ourselves better and have a better idea what we're looking for There's so many organizations out there. How do we find the right employer? We'll start with research You first consult your network, you know all of my jobs have been through a network connection Your network can be one of your greatest assets for career growth and events like this are perfect for growing your network Be sure to attend social events even if you feel uncertain about it You know find yourself a networking mentor someone you feel comfortable with and you know that they're going to include you in Conversations and activities you focus on human connections play games have fun and go to trivia night tonight Build relationships because who knows you might learn about a new opportunity tonight But also consider having a give-first mentality think of ways that you can help others And you can check job search channels, you know, who's hiring and what organizations are options If you're looking specifically within the Drupal community jobs at Drupal org is a good place to start Used indeed and dice as well as monster calm and LinkedIn. There are a lot of job search websites out there So once we have some some potential organizations, how do we learn more about each of these organizations and compare? so in this scenario our plan a is Dunder Mifflin and How do we know if in a tech hooli or Pied Piper is the right plan B If you're not familiar with these companies, they're fake companies from TV shows and movies So you can compare organizations on readings websites such as glass door and comparably You know be sure to look at employee reviews and note posting dates and trends You know, I believe organizations like people can evolve when they decide to so keep that in mind as you read the reviews Then visit organization websites, you know find their values find their mission statements Learn about their employee benefits see if they have any current job openings review their portfolio to see if you're interested in working on similar projects And note their language, you know, how do they talk about themselves? So imply and in the interview so I highly encourage you to apply and in an interview Applying is not a commitment in a sex. It's an exploration. So don't doubt yourself Apply if you have some of the qualifications let the interview process determine if you're a good fit You can also gain feedback from the interview process and that can help you identify any gaps in your skill set But remember to interview your potential employer as well, you know Think about the things you learn from personal reflection and use your personal values as a tool for decision-making So ask questions that will give you more insight into how well the organization is aligned with your values You know contact current or former employees of the organization within your network If you aren't directly linked to a former employees look for shared connections You may have with these people and request an introduction Also ask for specific examples to illustrate in the descriptions of the organization But also be filled be sure to filter your research, you know Take a step back take the rose-colored glasses off that make things look better than they are Consider individual bias and trust, you know pay attention to language Distinguish between work and play culture and look for inconsistencies between your sources So how do we collect and compare all this information? Spreadsheet of course Surprise I didn't come up with this myself This is open source an open source Google sheet from a Twitter post by Joel Califa. This handle is not details This is next level so you can add your own criteria and add weights to each score each organization and then compare the totals I've typically used a whiteboard to compare Benefits and differences So now let's talk about evaluating risk of a specific opportunity or offer So first thing to think about is what is the worst case scenario and is that tolerable or intolerable? Can you change or reverse the decision you made midway through? You know is plan B doable? Is there a specific long-term commitment? Some opportunities may require years of commitment in my experience agencies typically have a 90-day check-in to see if things are working out That might allow for an early change if things aren't And sometimes agencies offer contract work prior to offering an official position to test things out And then can you get to a new plan B or Z relatively quickly? Important to remember the uncertainty doesn't equal risk. You will never be 100 percent certain When an opportunity is uncertain, it doesn't mean it's risky some of the greatest opportunities have the most question marks and Consider agent stage, you know, what will the risks be to you in a few years? Consider your hard assets and obligations Different life situations affect your abilities take on certain levels of risk and risk is personal You know go after opportunities that others may see as risky, but you don't And be sure to evaluate all the benefits of a job not just the salary You know experience knowledge and connections can allow you to pivot into a wide range of new plan Bs You know this opportunity could be a stepping stone to a bigger and better experiences and look for opportunities They have a high short-term risk, but low long-term risk You know seek to build your resilience with frequent contained risk taking if you're currently in a low risk plan a Experiment with risk and side projects Maybe even within the Drupal community, you know find an initiative or project is promising and express interest in contributing Think of risk taking it like a flu shot You get a small dose of the flu a small Contained dose of the flu which makes you resilient against the flu But if you don't find risk risk will find you the only long-term answer to risk is resilience It sounds scary, but it's true. You know safety is relative For example a government job is typically considered a low-risk job until the government shuts down for a month The unexpected will happen and resilience is your secret weapon So the 10 10 10 decision-making tool may also be helpful, you know, how will you feel about this decision 10 minutes from now? 10 months from now and 10 years from now Also waiting to make a decision can be good. It helps to avoid an emotional decision You know, that's why people say sleep on it, but just be aware of analysis paralysis So now let's say we have an offer. Let's talk negotiation. If you don't ask the answer is always no It's my motto Seller negotiation is important, you know It's easier to increase your salary before you start than afterward and remember that your salary growth builds throughout your career If you don't negotiate you could be leaving money on the table and just think of it as simply part of the process But it's important to express excitement and flexibility throughout the negotiation process and don't be afraid to ask questions You know, what are my career progression opportunities? How is the salary decided? You know typically organizations will increase their offer, but there are cases when the salary isn't flexible And you just have to figure out what works best for you So these are some websites that have tools to research your potential counter offer Just be sure to account for the organization's location size and industry as well as factor in your experience education and performance and Also search multiple sources because they each have their own unique set of filters that vary results In addition to salary think about negotiating your start date You know be sure to consider your fulfillment of obligations to your current employer You can likely find these in your requirement in these requirements in your employee agreement contract or handbook If you can take some time off between jobs, it will allow you to start your new opportunity refreshed and energized Again, be sure to express excitement and flexibility throughout the process So some things to think about if you want to take time off between jobs in the US if to think about health insurance You know if your insurance doesn't terminate immediately Request that your last day be in the beginning of a month and then request your start date Before the end of that same month, so you would be covered for the month Your employer may provide you with information about Cobra Cobra allows you to purchase the same insurance you had with your employer But in my last transition I learned that Cobra has a retroactive grace period so If you if your new job is going to start before the end of the grace period You can potentially purchase the health insurance if you need it And it will be retroactively applied to your last day of employment Also review your financial assets and obligations and ensure you can pay your bills without a paycheck So how do you fire your current employer? First you have to give notice You want to consult your employee agreement contract or handbook to know the required notice period You know two weeks is most common, but it can range from a month to a week Just be aware if your place of employment has any legal requirements such as the UK This is my go-to resignation template. Not that I do this often It includes a simple statement of resignation and it's the date of last day It also expresses a willingness to fulfill obligations and is thankful for the opportunities experience with the organization So before you press send or drop off your letter be sure to manage your expectations of how your employer will react You know think about what typically happens when someone leaves your organization This can range from celebration with cake and drinks to being fired, which isn't cool For some the standard protocols that an employee is escorted out of the building by security. Just prepare yourself accordingly So now you've given notice now you need to fulfill your obligations When fulfilling your obligations you may be asked to work with your manager to transition your work to others You may even be asked to assist and hire your replacement There may also be opportunities to work beyond the notice periods as a contractor until they hire your replacement Just remember to build bridges. Don't burn them. You may find yourself working with them in the future So this is a photo of Mario Hernandez and myself We work together closely at media current and now we're actually working together on a project He's still at media current and I'm with Lullaby. So you never know what the future holds Keep in mind that if an organization burns bridges, you can't control that You can only control your behavior and your actions and those are a reflection of who you are Be sure to give feedback You know, you may have an exit interview if not you can provide an exit letter Just remember to be professional try to avoid emotionally charged responses Also, give the organization data to improve, you know, this could make things better for your co-workers and your placement If problems aren't reported or documented, they're less likely to be resolved.  It will be your greatest asset for career growth Don't be afraid to apply and negotiate Don't burn bridges Build resilience by taking risk and remember this success for you is also success for your organization So you aren't being selfish. It's a win-win If you're interested in this topic, I'm an avid audio book listener And these are some of my favorite books that I've been listening to you on this topic Radical candor is a great management focused book It doesn't have to be crazy at work is a great read And I have a few stickers that you can put over things that shouldn't be crazy at work If you'd like to come up and get one just a few The startup of you is a career building book and the Alliance is an organizational focused book that compliments the startup of you And tribal leadership is also a great book. I'm also a podcast junkie So there is a new session of work life with Adam Grant that I'm really excited about Thrive Global has a podcast but I also recommend following them on Facebook and Twitter They have great articles about career building burnouts, etc Yonder's a podcast focused on the challenges of remote organizations Radical candor is related to the radical candor book mentioned before and hurry slowly as a podcast about avoiding burnout So, thank you everyone and happy career planning Anyone has any questions, maybe don't want to be recorded, but that's okay I'd also remind you that Contribution Day is tomorrow starting at 9 a.m. And You don't have to know code to give back And remember to provide feedback for the session on the Drupal Drupal con Seattle webpage and Make me a better speaker


Greetings and welcome to the Introduction to Astronomy! In this quick video, I am going to talk about updates coming to the channel starting in April of 2024, so in just a couple of days now.  First of all, most of it is lecture slides and videos that are for use with the Open Stacks Astronomy 2nd Edition textbook. And I may be updating some of these. There's a few I'm looking at, but I don't have any specific schedules, so there may be occasional updates to the actual lecture videos. But I am still going to continue with my series of other slides that I'll be working with. And starting in April with the updates, we'll continue. The astronomy picture of the day will remain my Monday video. I do that on another channel every day. This one, I'm just putting the Monday up here for some of my classes, as that's how I've used it. So this will continue for the foreseeable future. Wednesday is going to be where the change occurs. I've been doing astronomy of other cultures, and we've talked about several different cultures. I am going to pause that now and replace it by a section on women in astronomy. I am going to come back to the other cultures, but in many of the cultures that we've looked at, in fact, with only a couple of exceptions in the Chinese astronomy we looked at, we couldn't talk about specific astronomers. And I'd like to look at some things like the astronomy of the Islamic world, and of India, and some other areas where we can look at very specific astronomers and look at what they did and what their contributions were. So while I work on that, I'm going to do a section on women in astronomy that I'll be starting in April. Friday is going to stay the same for right now. I'm continuing on the exploration of the Solar System series, and my plan is right now to run that through June of this year. And that will not finish that series, but I will likely pause that one and then come back to something else, one of my other, maybe one of the previous series. I have a few misconceptions I'd like to come back to, so I may spend some time this summer going over a few more of the misconceptions in astronomy, and then picking up the exploration of the Solar System series. As of June 2024, we'll probably be through the middle to later part of the 1970s. So we still have a long way to go to get up to the present day in that series. So let's go ahead and finish up there and just kind of say that's a little bit about what's coming over the next couple of months. I will provide another update probably later in June as to how things are going to go from there. So I hope that helps let you know a little bit about what's coming up over the next few months. So until next time, have a great day, everybody, and I will see you in class.


Hello, I'm Audrey Tang. I'm really happy to be here virtually to share some lessons that we learned from our COVID-19 response about trusting citizens. Infectious diseases originate from large scale group living of human beings. Ironically though, a pandemic not only in dangerous public health but also destroys the foundation of society, trust. Since ancient times, the way to fight infectious disease has been to increase interpersonal distance, closing down of countries, locking down cities, stopping gatherings and so on. An increase in distrust seems inevitable and some groups are even eager to blame the disease on others. Whether they are of a different race, different nationality or different belief, this tendency has prevailed from the black death of medieval Europe to the COVID-19 of today. During the fight against the pandemic in 2020, however, Taiwan has used our urban government model, the Taiwan model, to successfully prevent the landslide effect of distrust. At the onset of the pandemic, masks and other personal protective equipment quickly fell into a supply and demand imbalance. The government to restore the balance adopted a real name rationing system in a timely fashion to guarantee fair distribution. But selling masks was not enough. Preventative measures against the disease would be effective only if the majority of people were willing to properly wear the medical mask to cover their faces and have good hand sanitation practices. So who would implement this plan? Well, we have over 6,000 pharmacists, each having not only knowledge but also engagement in their communities trusted by their neighborhoods. They seem the best candidates for messenger, the sending the public the ideas of trustworthiness in a approachable way. Yet not everything could be achieved simply by the public trusting the pharmacists as messengers. For pharmacists, executing the mask initiative would be an extra chore that could affect their usual drug dispensing business. But the central epidemic Monsanto or the CECC did not issue orders forcing pharmacies to comply. Instead, we designed a mass rationing system based on the experience of retrieving medications with refillable prescriptions for chronic disease, flattening the learning curve for everyone involved. It also allowed pharmacists to come up with various social innovations such as limited hour sales, such as take a number of systems to reduce waiting times for the public. With such incentives and innovations, pharmacists integrated further with the civic technology communities. They improve automated processes and help people save their time. The government reciprocated with complete trust in the cooperation. We continuously improved the data structures of the National Health Insurance Administration with weekly iterations in the API, forming a virtuous cycle. In other words, when the government was willing to understand the needs of pharmacists and provide space for mutual participation, the two complimented each other to win back more social trust. Only then did a pandemic fighting national team lie up, grow stronger. There have also been a case where a worker in an intimate drinking bar were diagnosed with COVID-19. In spaces like that, both guests and employees, of course, are very sensitive to privacy. However, in terms of pandemic prevention, failing to provide reliable contact details for tracking would lead to significant social vulnerabilities. However, the government did not invoke sanctions or order the pubs and nightclubs to close down if they refuse to collaborate. Such measures actually could reinforce the stigma society attaches already to such workers. And it could cause business to go underground as in the prohibition era in the US. So those situations, if enforced in a lockdown, top-down, shut-down fashion, it will only make the spread of the pandemic even more unpredictable. Fortunately, experts at the CCC has extensive prior experience with HIV-positive communities. And they developed together with the community a practical real contact system. That's to say, as long as people could be effectively contacted, no real names registrations were necessary. And the CCC also clearly explained the scientific crux. Social distancing must be maintained and the droplet infections must be avoided. As long as those businesses could achieve these scientific demands, they could remain open. So instead of shutting down any nightclubs or any intimate drinking bars, what the CCC did is to incentivize social innovation. And indeed, they innovated. As a result, business developed creative approaches such as leaving code names, single-use emails, and prepaid mobile phone numbers or provides hats with plastic shields to maintain physical distance. When even the nightclubs and drinking bars could join the fight, their prevention effort garnered even more social trustworthiness. Around the world, the pandemic has also brought severe challenges to national governance. Countries have adopted isolation measures such as national city-wide lockdowns. Schools suspended and business closed. It turned many countries and cities into lonely islands, such as described in the novel The Lord of the Flies. Being isolated from the world brings political pressure. Although leaders may have been elected democratically, democracy is still rooted in competition between political parties. And this gives rise to escalating opposition and conflict. Every person sees a beast projected from their own mind. Unquestionably, the easiest casualties are a science and reason. And just like the novel Lord of the Flies describes, and I quote, they walked alone to continents of experience and feelings, unable to communicate, unquote. As the pandemic spreads, these drama continue to play out. Despite not imposing city-wide lockdown measures, Taiwan still cannot be considered a utopia. This truth is especially apparent in Taiwan's international activity. Being inappropriately overlooked and blockaded has created domestic pressure. Even without a pandemic, there has always been a lot of fighting among the political parties. Epidemic prevention only makes it more likely that the fighting could worsen. But right before the fiercely contested election this January, one survey showed that, regardless of their political leanings, the public had a high degree of recognition for the deepening of democracy and for international collaboration.  So when legislator Gao Hong'an, the MP, she once served as the Vice President of Data Analytics at Foxconn. When she cited the data from the Jioping and Musk map, open stream map community, pointing out the difference between supply and demand in different regions that cause unfair distribution of Musk and requested an adjustment, Minister Chen Shizhong of Health and Welfare did not defend the existing policy at all. Instead, he simply said, and I quote, legislator teaches all, unquote. And so we co-created and revised the algorithm the very next day. So this reminds me of a Buddhist saying, and I quote, a thousand-year-old dark room can be illuminated by a single lantern, unquote. Whether the darkness can be broken depends on whether more people are willing to light and pass on the lanterns. So while I do not naively believe that the world will magically become a better place as long as everyone has good intentions, nevertheless, digital innovation is very important because on the internet, we don't have to maintain social distancing, and more importantly, digital spaces allow all footprints of kindness to remain. Everyone can have a voice and a part to play. The Musk map is a great example. When the National Health Insurance Administration posted real-time information on the availability of Musk at pharmacies on the National Open Data Platform, refreshed every 30 seconds. Well, in less than a week, over a hundred apps were developed by various groups to channel this information through chatbots, voice assistants, maps, analytics, and so on. It is just like establishing a distributed ledger with more than 100 nodes. And as time passes and people continue to contribute in this way, trust will continue to accumulate. In the digital world, distance does not separate friends. The pandemic may have temporarily isolated us from our loved ones, but in many ways, the digital space have brought us even closer. If people want to support and boost this movement, the trust of governments to its citizens is very important. Everyone's business, everyone helps. The governments around the world can start with one simple principle, trust the citizens more. Thank you for listening.


Ask any bartender for a short list of what makes this such a great job and one thing you'll hear over and over again Is all the great people we meet and yes, the guests do make the job wonderful But this time I'm not talking about you guys now I'm actually talking about other bartenders and managers and wine directors and chefs and line cooks and dishwashers and owners and Some of the hardest-working people in the business barbacks and prep guys I used to work with a prep guy who was such a workhorse and knew the bar so well that when I had brunch there two years after I left he was running service well and ordering everyone else around that same guy had family in Oaxaca and they made mescal They shipped it to him and plastic coke bottles and after much coercion He gave me some and today I'm drinking it this prep guy of mine told me this is an espadine Which for the uninitiated is a type of agave common in mescal production same thing as saying your bottle of wine is a mall back I've never seen a mescal that wasn't clear and this is not clear the color is light straw I don't know if the camera picks it up, but there's also very light sediment floating around in there It smells terrific And that Is well Hawken moonshine? Espadine is one of my favorite for idols with which to make mescal They all have this wonderful minerality that I described to people. It's tasting like granite. This is no different Also, I don't know how strong it is, but it is it is not smooth It is very complex. It is a very long finish. And yeah that minerality Is outstanding. It's totally one of a kind I've had people tell me that the most authentic way to drink mescal is with an orange wedge and a tahin rim or something I can't imagine doing that to this. I would only ever drink this neat And yes, I know I said that I don't think any spirit is above mixing. I would not mix this It's too special still trying to get a bottle of his family's tobola To the prep guy who shall not be named. Thank you. You are a badass And this is one of the coolest bottles I have in my collection You are also one of the hardest working people I've ever had the pleasure to work with That's it for today. Stay safe all the advice professionals And if you like this video, please hit like and if there's something you want me to try Leave it in a comment below. My sister is on a facebook crusade to give me a drink my lord All right