So it's like this and then those two up. I think for the chest like a cool cool All right, let's see if this is that I think is this this And that yeah, there we go. I don't know why I couldn't remember that before and legs are like Upside down you I think so it's like five Five ingots and then after I build this I'm gonna take another break. I need to walk around stretch That's helmet. So that the entire thing For the pantaloonies Radioactive 12 using that twitch prime token. Everybody's showing some love in the chat. Thank you so much radioactive. I appreciate that man Thank you, sir I'm going to lie in my bed. Oh Okay And I'll be back guys. I Shall return. Thanks for watching feel free to follow the stream if you are enjoying yourself today Follow me on Twitter at Twitter comm slash one if you want to follow me there I tweak when I go live and also talk about a bunch of other stuff youtube comm slash Buona as well I'm gonna go away for three minutes and I'll be right back. I'm back. Thanks for waiting Much needed break. I needed to stretch walk around for Donnie. So I got six iron left Oh Wood oh man. I gotta go back up and farm some wood That is definitely something I need to do. I was down there a while and Didn't round the wood thanks to no Mel gave him a bunch Let's see. Let's just make a iron and while I'm at it. I can just use this last little bit for pickaxe minus miniature forest I plant it Almost there Doesn't feel like it. I'm just trying to keep myself busy, man. I gotta keep doing stuff Soon as I run out of things to do with the time starts to slow down Just got to keep doing stuff Like I said, I'm fine in Minecraft. I got something to do It's when I run out of things to do. I can't conjure any more things I just like oh no, I don't know what to do anymore. I didn't stop I'm glad I chose to do vanilla though because if I would have did a modded pack It probably would have been more frustrating. I hate coming back to mod packs It's like you can barely remember vanilla and then you got to learn all the new rules of these mod packs. I Only do mod packs if I've been playing a while, you know, you actually do a farm too. I Got some open areas And I don't think I have is really potatoes.  I gotta get them out of buckets, so Guys just keep in mind those of you who wanted to join the server Hey, I know this. Thanks for the rate man Those of you who want to join the server, I don't stream this game every day, so Keep that mind That there may be days where nobody's on the server It was packed tonight because I'm streaming Whatever reasons But thanks analyst. Oh Stay hydrated, but it's not on the whiteless. Whoops. I Just timed out stay hydrated, but that's cute They got a list for the rate man appreciate it spam filters link protection whitelist Did it link a list it didn't even link anything that wasn't even the link. What was that is that paragraph? Probably link their protections or symbols. I don't know what that was Because it wasn't even the link in there. I could mod stay hydrated, but but I'm kind of scared You're very tired. What'd you do man? Were you playing a? Monster under the night. Yeah, I'm fulfilling my sub goal I said if we hit 500 sub points, you will get a full Minecraft stream and That's what's happening. These are like red concrete neat Neat. Oh, no problem man. No problem. No problem. Oh All right, so let's do this But can't you do like one water block per nine blocks or something like that? It's like I Forgot the dimensions. It's like if you put a water block in the middle it like covers Nine is it nine blocks? You should do.  Nice. All right, so we got to reconfigure this I Think it's So if I do I think it's four blocks out from the yeah Yeah, so I just got changed this outside to dirt And it'll be done who what runs your music. I'm using pretzel Pretzel dot rocks. It's an app that you have Has twitch extensions and everything. Let me give you the link and It's got a bunch of stations I don't have a command for it because I change music all the time and I'm listening to the chiptune station and it also has Like I said, it has twitch extensions. There's a bot that you can put your channel plays what the current song is There's some overlays you can put on there on your overlay overlays and status panels To show the current song playing it has a song request feature, but that I don't run that I think this is gonna be enough Oops, I ran out of dirt. I ran out of dirt who runs out of dirt in 2018 All right, this is gonna be a potato farm chat This that's the plan. I got a bucket aqua And now I need a hoe I have not made yet. I just make a wood one. I guess I got cobble All right, we're gonna hoe Well, that's something Okay No, don't go away. I Need to know the dimensions And when it changes the normal grass, I Kind of lose it. Yeah, there we go There we go. It's all wet dirt. All right, so we got one potato That's all you need You find one potato. You're good. Make sure I don't trample my soil Where is that potato? There it is Plop it right in the middle. Oh We're good forever That's going to yield many more potatoes I don't know how I'm getting all these nuggets Okay, torches or blah sticks and stones Maybe they got bones, but names will never hurt me. Nah, I got a bed All right, I came up here to get more wood. I Got some I was happy that you know, I broke down that one thing and turned it to a farm I guess I could put a fence around us So no sheep won't come stomping and knock it off my plants Fences that fence How does one fence I forget how the fence? How do I fence chat? H is no H is a what you call it. This is like this now the other H is a ladder Sticks in the middle blocks on the outside. Oh Okay, thank you. Thank you Oh 912 18 Just played your music. Wow.  That's cool, man. I didn't see the title come by though You just did it from a Jurassic John. Let me do something This dude, I'm talking about chat. He builds me a fence Lordy lordy lordy Man, I help see see that I did that This is an abomination we can't have two different color fences. No It must be a singular color yes Now that's a fence.  She lights fancy shman. She ain't she shman. She no, I should put a I should put a gate here too. Okay Yeah, I got to do something here. I was gonna make this out like stone and stuff More expensive mats.  Yeah brick would be nice, but I gotta find some clay. I gotta find a good source of clay What it's what the elementary rides again? Oh You got sleep only four of us on here. I think there's a lake around here, too But I think people been gutting it already. I wish there was a more reliable way of getting clay Seems to be the one thing I always struggle to find but there's some here But it's not gonna be enough to build a brick house, you know, I can see this like right there It takes a lot clay is like one of the things this game just It's like you have like five stacks of 64 you could build one freaking wall. There's something there. There's something there, you know That's fear. There's not gonna be enough. That's gravel. That's something right there Who wants me to bet all my points? I'm pretty sure everybody wants you to bet all your points Pretty sure everybody does Exactly you got a process of clay in the bricks. This is I Mean I kind of like it, but at the same time it makes me not want to make brick stuff But sometimes why does water feel different a zoom in boat mm-hmm Man, I remember when boats used to break servers Whoo, we used to have to ban boats all the time Somebody uses a boat the entire server crashes. Oh, I Remember those days like it was yesterday.  Who used the boat? Then we had to ban the item number okay That's a good amount of clay to get started So you make clay Process the clay. All right. I'm gonna need more than one furnace All right, but okay, I guess I could just put in here Right put it. I actually this is a good spot.  I was thinking about just making like a giant furnace thing out here Just making like a structure and just stack them probably right here. You get hello. I might be enough


Coming to you from our GIS Studios, I am Anisia Antoine and this is your midday news brief. Ground has broken on the southern headquarters for the Water and Sewage Company, Incorporated Wasco. Government, acting on the advice of the Chairman and Board of Directors of Wasco, decided to construct the new office facility which is expected to accommodate the overall proposed development of the south of the island. The management of Wasco says the new premises in Viewfort provides not only an improved workspace for staff, but will also improve service delivery to residents. Mayor of the Viewfort South Constituency Council, Orisha Denbo Bullen says the new building will bring more opportunities for residents of the south. The 10,000 square foot two-story building will feature prominently at the entrance of the town of Viewfort and is expected to be completed in less than 12 months. The project costs some $7.5 million, with financing in part by the Bank of St. Lucia. The Ministry of Agriculture welcomed a group of 13 students from the College of Agriculture in Guadalupe. The purpose of the visit was to expose the students to the farming systems in St. Lucia and the different agricultural techniques. Paul Edgar, Chairperson of the Barbano Constituency Council, gave insight as to some of the activities the students engaged in, including a visit at the Banana Farming in Rozo and a tour of the Agricultural Complex in Union. Odell Kanzel Zenon, Biology and Ecological Teacher accompanying the students, expressed gratitude to the Government of St. Lucia for the opportunity and noted that the students have learnt a lot. The program commenced on Saturday 18th January and culminated on Saturday 25th January 2020. The Government of Japan, through the Japan International Cooperation Agency Jaika, has come to the aid of the fishers of Shuozel with regard to the use of its fishing port. Since construction of the Shuozel fishing port close to some 20 years ago by the Japanese Government, fishers of the community have had difficulty getting their fishing vessels into the port due to the build-up of sills in the area. Jaika has again seen it fit to assist the fishers of Shuozel in finding a solution to the persistent problem and recently made a presentation to fishers as well as the Shuozel Fishermen Cooperative Society. Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries, Physical Planning, Natural Resources and Cooperatives Honourably Zika Joseph highlighted that previous measures undertaken by government to remedy the situation proved extremely costly and were not something that would be sustainable. It was for this reason that the Government of Japan was re-engaged. According to the Japanese officials, the proposed solutions would not see any meaningful results until the end of 2020. There will however be shorter measures. This has been your Midday News Brief. Thank you for watching.


I'm here with Taylor Jones, Callie Renoda. What sports do you girls play? Beach volleyball. You look lovely, by the way. Oh, that's so sweet of you to say. A big thing is, I know traveling's hard and stuff. What would you say is your best time management for on and off the field with sports, schoolwork, and having to go?  Yes. I like to get my work done before I even head out. So that way I can have fun with my friends when we're traveling. Yeah, I'd say definitely during the week when we're not traveling, focusing on getting everything done, so I don't have to worry about it over the weekend, and I can just focus on playing. Do you have a favorite memory from this season? Or the years you've played? I know you've played multiple years now. Just say traveling with friends is honestly the best part, because we're all so close. We're together every weekend. I just think it's so fun. I do have a favorite memory. So every time the plane lands, Taylor decides to clap, and that is definitely the highlight of my trip. I'm just supporting the pilot. He did a great job. Precious cargo. Do you guys have a pre-match ritual or a pre-game? Do you have to listen to music, or is there anything that you do that's unique to you? Individual, yes. I always listen to money trees. That's mine. As a team, we always have a team talk, and then we pray after that. I love that. I don't really do anything. Oh, that's cool. Everyone's own. And last one, what's your favorite food? Oli. Oh. It's OK. She's a taco girl. Thank you guys so much. I hope you have a wonderful time.


And the last was 101patch, they added a thing called boss rematches of every arc one boss, and let's just say, we found a way to defeat Malistir without casting any hits. She apparently will just randomly cast a full HP sacrifice and give Malistir a plus 100 death balance blade. Wait, does that mean it does her full HP? Like it kills her?  Like which way does that work? Dylan, do you know? As soon as Sylvia is dead, he will start killing himself though. It's true, it's true.  So he kills himself. He's like, I cannot live anymore. No, he also randomly resummons her because, you know, that kills her and gives him the blade. So basically we're just waiting for her to do that. Why fight them when they can kill themselves? Is that what it is? It's random though. Well I will heal, because there's no healing cheats. If we can live, I think that that, yeah. I feel like if we can live, that would be the funniest way to do it. Yeah. Okay, I'm gonna pack my races. Let's do it, let's, let's only, let's not, let, no hits, no hits, no hits. Well, let's find out how it goes on this time. Today's episode of Heels. Whoops. If this happens, and I really hope that she kills herself quickly. That sounds so bad, but like, you know what I mean. Sounds terrible, but you know what I mean. Guys, I don't mean any malicious content, but like, what are your intentions? Content. What are your intentions with my Sylvia? You guys know what my intentions with Sylvia are. I would treat, I would treat her better, honestly. I'm a better death wizard, I deserve her.  No, would you? Probably not. Exactly, you know. It's not really my type. But it could be a lot worse, I think. Wow, zero. I'm immune to myself. Here we go. Guys, we've done it! We've won the game! Oh my gosh. Guys, everyone's saying that this fight is so hard. I don't see the problem here. He did try to like, destroy the entire universe just because his wife caught a cold and died. So I mean, I kind of admire that. But at the end of the day, if your wife is just going to get a cold and die, you know, maybe that's a sign.  Yeah, but he didn't become a doctor. I know, but we're talking about reality, okay? This is a guy whose skin is purple and his nails are painted. Guys can have painted nails too, okay? No, I love that. There's nothing wrong with that Aurora. I wish more people painted their nails, actually. Oh, here we go. Here's some destroying himself. Lovely. Well, we've done it! Guys, we've cracked the code! You guys said Malastir was hard. This is the easiest one. This is easier than Miao Yachty.  That's how unstable their relationship was. They just destroyed themselves. We're dying! I'm about to die here. Oh my gosh, if I die, that would be so awkward. How can you fathom the pain of our parting? I can't fathom. Honestly, I just cannot. I simply cannot fathom. And there she's back. And she's back again.  That's okay. And we're done. We just need to wait for her to kill again. No! All of our hard work! Oh my gosh! Dude, she's just unraveling all of our hard work. Oh my gosh, we've worked so hard for this fight. And she's just unraveling it all at once.   I know. Now we have to wait extra time. An extra one. Yeah. But again, we could be here for a while until Sylvia destroys herself again. Just kidding. I say that every time and she destroys herself. She just knows what I'm thinking. She's like, Brent, don't worry. I got you. Oh, he's... Thank you. Thank you, man. Thank you. Appreciate you. Like, did they realize what they were doing? Because the other thing that you could do as well, like, Juju? Holy frick, Juju is so OP. It's a free. It's basically a free minus 94, then. Oh, she's already coming back. Yikes. That was quick. He was right when he said, Death can't part us for long, you know? He was right about that. So also, I've been losing pips like crazy recently, so, you know. Can't really do too much. Yeah, they just run away. They just run away. I don't know, man. I don't know. I don't know where they go. I don't know where they go. Dude, if RNG was good in this thing... Wow. I was going to say, we could have been done so much quicker if RNG was good, but I'm not even going to speak. Like, you know, I feel like we're doing well. I feel like this is not too bad, okay? It could be a lot worse. She was around for two rounds. Two rounds! And she's like, I'm sorry, I can't hold on. Just let me go. Let me go already. Malistair probably has such the bare abandonment issue. I guess. Does it like speed up? Does it speed up? Like, the more that he summons? Does it just like go more and more? Yeah, it's like a couple that puts even Twilight to shame. Oh my God, wait. I've been watching the Twilight movies recently. They're like 10,000 out of 10 recommend to watch, especially if you're drunk. They're the funniest movies I've ever seen in my entire life. I'm trying my darndest to support my wife and my kids. Unlike Sylvia, who just cannot hold on anymore. My kid's name is Waffles. Waffles is my child. My child Waffles. He's dead! We did it! We did it! We killed him without even hitting!  He couldn't even survive!  I'm sorry, I can't go on! Chat, here you have it. First ever Malistair without any hits. We did it. I don't think anybody's ever done this before, but we've done it. We've done it here. It's been out for like a day. This is a world first. We have the world record time of, I don't know how long, but we've done it. Malistair without hitting. Honestly, this fight is worth it. I would fight this dude again, just for that strategy.


G'day all. I wanted to start this week's update by giving well-deserved congratulations to Deputy Chief Officer Greg Patterson and our entire training team. As more than 400 members from 111 brigades have now completed the low-voltage fuse removal training package. And upon completion of the training, CFA will have 4,800 firefighters right across CFA trained in low-voltage fuse removal. This is a significant investment in safety and training of our people. On this theme of safety and training, this month our Safe Working at Heights program will begin pilot testing with selected brigades. Stay tuned for more on this to come. Last week, I travelled to several districts to discuss my new role. This provided me with a fantastic opportunity to hear from our people face to face and engage in discussions on some of the more localised matters within your communities. It also provided me with an opportunity to update our people on some of the wider organisational matters and answer questions on matters such as reform. This also included the planned executive realignment and how that will benefit our corporate operational capability. With more information on this is available on our CFA intranet. I have many more visits scheduled over the next few weeks and will continue to get out and about as often as I can. So I look forward to seeing more of you when I am out on the road next. Many of you have signed up for the 2019 Melbourne Firefighter Stair Climb and it's only a month away so if you haven't registered yet, make sure you do. This is our chance to step up to fight depression and PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder that affects emergency service personnel, raising money for the Black Dog Institute and Lifeline. Finally, nominations are open for the Australian Fire Service Medal, the AFSM, as part of the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours. Awarded for Distinguished Service to the Fire Services across Australia.  That's all for this week so thank you for your time.


I'm with Michael Kittner of the 360 Heroes Company and looks like you guys are continuing to do crazy things with the GoPro. Oh, we're having a great time with the GoPro's that it just, especially with the new Hero 4 Blacks, it just gives us more capability to be more creative and higher resolutions which is awesome. So I don't know what that last product is. The GoPro Hero 4 is the GoPro's latest cameras and then because our holders work with the Hero 3's, the 3 Plus and the 4's, we're allowed to, our holders will work in every single one of those but we're allowed to take advantage of the new features of the Hero 4 cameras. I got you. So you guys make these crazy holders that I see here. What is the purpose of this? This is audio as well. So this is a whole bunch of GoPro heroes in a blue case kind of bonded at right angles to each other. Well, this is all 3D printed. Okay, we've partnered with a company called 3D Systems who helps us mass produce this gear. And this is actually the part of the invention. The cameras are specifically placed and oriented in a certain configuration and array so that as we go to film each one of these we can make sure that we capture full 360 all the way around as well as full 180. So it's full spherical data. So now you've got, how many of those are there? Six? There are six here on this one and because it's a flexible nylon I can actually slightly push, pull, bend this back and pull that camera right out. Oh wow, of a 3D printed thing. Oh nice. This is all flexible and bendable. It won't break. And if it does break we just replace it for you. It's no charge. And then we can just snap that camera back into place and because that snaps into place we've had this gear going about 285 miles an hour on plane. You mean outside, not inside the plane? Outside the plane, yep. And let me see, plus 12 Gs minus 6 Gs. Nice. So now I get home and I've got six SD cards with six movies. What do I do now? Well, there's a couple things. The first thing you do is we have a software package called 360 camman and that software package actually manages the GoPro cards for you. So it tells you what take you did, which one was good, did the GoPro's fire, all those types of things that you're trying to figure out, you know, after you've done your shoot. And this software will go through all that stuff and do that for you almost instantaneously. So as you plug in the cards it instantly takes care of it. So then when I'm done with it, I've put in six cards, what does it produce? Well, what it does is it prepares the data so that you can now stitch the content. Okay, so there's another piece of software does the stitching? Yeah, another software actually breaks it apart frame by frame and then stitches it all together. And then after that stitch, the trick is, is how do we play it? Right, right. So much for 360. My TV screen is not 360. Exactly. So from there what we do is we have players that we give to everyone so you can download the 360 Heroes app. And then what's even better is normal video is anywhere between 30 and 50 megs, let's say for, you know, like a one minute or two minute segment. Well, the same amount in 360 video is anywhere between 500 megs and a gig. Okay, that's great. So it's really big. So what we've done is we have a 360 video hosting center. It's free. You host the video for us too. Oh yes, we stream it and we use CDN technology to be able to do that for you. That's content delivery network? Yeah, content delivery network.  I'm good at this. And the neat part is with that we allow the producers to customize the players so that they can do any way they want to do with it. And then we can actually show you some demos on how that works as well. Okay, so Justin that was here earlier, poor Justin frying in the sun all afternoon while you were in the truck. Anyway, I just keep yanking your chain. He was showing us that on his iPhone you could you could hold up the iPhone and turn around and you could see inside this 360 movement. Exactly. So it actually works with a gyro and the accelerometer of the phone. So it kind of interacts and moves with you in the environment. And right now the technology is changing so fast that you were required to have an app to be able to do that. Well, we're very proud at CES. We're releasing our new version of Player and you don't need an app anymore. It's called WebGL. And you can actually take your phone, you can surf to that page and it'll let you manage and surf that page just like any other type of normal player. Wow, this is pretty cool. So if someone wanted to view these movies before they go out and buy one of these devices here, is there a way they can just go view them? Yeah, you can go to www.360heroes.com. We have over 700 producers in our network right now. So you can click videos up on top and you can see a really cool interactive map of where the videos are shot all over the world. You can click on them or select them by categories. You can watch and stream it to your phone, download it to your phone, whatever you want to be able to do. See, I love this idea because I'm not the kind of person who's actually ever going to go do any of those things that people at GoPros are doing, but I can sit in my comfy chair and pretend I'm there. Exactly. Well, it was really interesting.  She can't can't really move and she's like, I've always wanted to go downhill skiing and she can grab a hold of that and take her wheelchair and literally spin herself around and be and watch it. Oh, that is so cool. Like she's skiing or underwater scuba diving with 31 sharks around you. We can show you some really cool footage there. Yeah, which I again, I'm not going to do. Yes. One or two sharks. I'm okay, but you know, 32 probably not. Well, we can even show you some examples where we actually took and you can see one of our $10,000 prototypes getting eaten by a great white shark. And they never got it back. All right. Well, we'll have to get a link to that to put with this video. Thank you very much for your time. This is awesome. All right. Sounds good. Thank you very much. A pleasure.


All right, so welcome to the Tyga training. So what Tyga is, it's an open source project management tool. So in Fedora, we have an instance that we pay the Tyga team to run for us. It's at teams.FedoraProject.org, but there's also a free public instance at tree.tyga.io that you can use. So the main feature, the way I mostly use Tyga, and I suspect most people, this is the case, is really use it for the Kanban board. So if you're not familiar with Kanban, the sort of basic idea is that you have cards that represent work and they flow through different stages. And so for example, you might have a backlog and then if you're writing blog posts, you might have the writing column, the editing column, and the published column. And so each card would be a blog post and you move it from one column to the other as you go. The idea there is that you have very easy transparency into what work is being worked on by whom and you can sort of see the flow. The idea is that you basically pull each card forward as you have capacity. So it's basically that everything is getting done as soon as possible. So you're not really like scheduling the work in the Kanban model. But you know that as soon as somebody has capacity, they're pulling the next card forward and so things are happening as fast as they're going to happen. One of the features that often gets used in a Kanban model is a work in progress limit. So for certain columns, you might have a maximum of two cards and the idea there so that you don't end up pulling a bunch of stuff into in progress and then you're not actually doing any of that work because it's all stuck. For myself, I tend to not enforce automatically the work in progress limits the way Tiger lets you set a maximum value. But I definitely try and pay attention to, all right, I've got five things that say they're in progress. That's probably not true at this point. Some of them are probably waiting or they're ready for test or something like that. There's also the concept of swim lanes which can be a way to divide work among larger heterogeneous teams where maybe you have like development and testing so you can move the card between the swim lanes and then for each swim lane, you can have different work in progress limits for the same column and it's basically just a way to represent not necessarily at a per-person level although you can do it that way but maybe at a per-function level what work is in progress and set limits that way. So we're gonna look at the Fedora magazine's Kanban board as sort of an example of some of the basic usage. So you can see there are different columns representing states and so in this case, the article spec state is for an approved article that has maybe a rough outline defined but isn't actively being worked on. The card moves to in progress when the author is working on it. It goes into the review state when it's ready for an editor to look at it which point it moves into edit. The editor works on it when it's ready to publish, it gets queued and then from there it gets scheduled and so archived. So on each card, there is a card description. In this case, it's basically the title or the rough title of an article and this should be a very succinct but clear explanation of what the work is. So you wouldn't wanna say but do stuff but also you want it to be short enough to read so you don't want to describe the whole work to be done. And then so within each card, there is an area for sort of a longer form description. Tyga will let you do it in markdown or in HTML. So you can do things like lists and stuff like that and sort of describe the work in more detail. You can go down to the comment section and you can use this to communicate with people on the card. So you can add in a comment here and says, hey, are we ready for this article yet? You can tag people using at and their Fedora account name. You can set due dates, it's a calendar and this can be helpful for the magazine it's used to sort of plan when articles will publish. Tyga does not provide a sort of integrated calendar view which would be really nice. The way some other Kanban boards like Trello do but it definitely helps to sort of set deadlines on things that have deadlines. You can even create tasks and these are basically sub-components of the user story. There's not a hard and fast rule of when something is a user story versus a task but basically, for example, when we have Fedora council face to face I'll usually I'll have a card for that and then I'll have four tasks underneath, schedule it, prepare the agenda, do the Zodbot readout after the fact and then publish the community blog post. And so all of those could be cards on their own but since they're very tightly related to the overall concept of the Fedora council face to face meeting I choose to have them as tasks. You can also use labels or tags in the magazine that's mostly used for the needs image tag and that's just an indication to the editors that featured image needs to be created. On the Kanban board I use to keep my stuff organized. I have things tagged by, if it's documentation or process improvement, if it involves bugzilla, if it involves legal questions, things like that and that's just sort of a nice visual way to highlight things that are certain types of tasks because you might want to break up and not do a whole bunch of super related tasks at once because you get kind of burnt out on it or you might say, oh these are all related to documentation I'll tackle these all at once because I'm already editing the documentation in that workflow, so I might as well do it all together. So that's just sort of a way to organize your work. Some teams find them helpful to use, some don't really have enough different kind of work that it makes sense. Tyga also supports custom fields. So you can do things like, for example, in the magazine they set the preview URL which is just the link in WordPress where the article will be. So it's really easy to get to the article from the card and a cover image designer and an editor. And so these are fields that describe who's going to do things. I also tend to use a blocked by as in a URL. So if I have a card that's blocked by something else especially if it's blocked by something external to the Tyga instance like an internal service now ticket at Red Hat, I'll put that link in there just so that I know what it's blocked by and I can go back and check on it from time to time. Tyga also supports a field called Story Points which is, I don't think very useful in an open source context generally but if you're familiar with it in software development it's basically the idea of measuring the size of work based on some sort of criteria so basically the more Story Points you assign to a task, the more effort it takes or the larger scope it is. So you can assign users to a card. They have to be a member of a team and when we get into sort of how to administer a Tyga board I'll talk about that. But so you can see here the Fedora Magazine assigned an author, that's the person who's gonna work on the article and then they also assigned an editor once it's ready to be picked up by an editor. And that way it's just very clear who's supposed to be working on it but they also have watchers and so the idea of a watcher is that they're not necessarily acting on this card but they need to be informed by it. So for the Fedora Magazine there's a group that's just all of the editors and they get added as watchers to the card when the card is created. So that way all the editors can see when a card moves through and so they'll notice that the card has gone into to edit. They'll also see any comments that get made and so they'll know that author has a question or something gets stuck or whatever. You can add as many watchers as you want. I generally would suggest not adding people unless it's already agreed to by the team of who will be the watcher because it will generate email on basically every tick of activity. But if you have, you might want to set yourself as a watcher on cards as they get added just so that you are aware of what's going on or if there's a team leader or several people who are sort of team leads they might want to be watched. And also people can add themselves as watchers. So if the team is working on something websites related and there's a few people who are interested in the websites part of that team's work they can add themselves as a watcher and they can see what's going on. So it allows for some granularity in what notifications you get which is really important on an active board. So this board is one that I had used to basically track all the work and particularly the backlog of stuff that I was working on both Fedora-facing and internal to Red Hat-facing. But one of the things I've done is I've created epics for myself and these are sort of larger sets. And so some teams depending on their work like a Fedora Linux release might be an epic. So basically you assign the user story to this epic and that's sort of the umbrella for all the things that might happen in that release. I'm working on a book right now and the publisher has like four different milestones four different editorial reviews sort of checkpoints. And so from that I have each chapter as a user story each section in that chapter is a task under that user story, but then each milestone. So the three chapter review, the 50% milestone, 75% milestone and the final content they're each an epic and so I can add a user story to that epic and see you sort of plan out which chapters I want to have done by which milestones. And so like the current chapter can ban cards that epics also have state. So by default new ready in progress ready for test and done. So you can see like the closed epics. So I've had epics for different sort of things I was working on like Nest or when we were working with Lenovo to get stuff done things like that and then I marked those as done and then I have things that are in progress and you can see a progress bar of how many docs migration tasks user stories have been completed and how many are still outstanding. So I talked about swim lanes a little bit. So this is sort of a swim lane in action. So what I've done in this example is I've set up a default swim lane of unassigned and then a swim lane for Alice and a swim lane for Bob with different work in progress limits for each of those. And so as I move the card I can go from the different swim lanes. Now, like I said, you probably won't use them to separate on people but you might use it to separate on roles especially in like a larger team. For most of the teams within Fedora they're focused enough that swim lanes probably aren't going to be very helpful but they're there if you need them. So when you first log in to teams.FedoraProject.org you get basically a list of things that you're working on or watching and the projects that you are a member of.  And so that'll show up in this dropdown menu as well.  And so for each project that you're a member of it allows you to pick which page you're gonna start with. So that's sort of a convenience. For the ones that I actually interact with a lot I tend to just set the Kanban as the start page because I don't actually really care about the timeline. I'm mostly using it as a Kanban board so I wanna go directly to that. If you're working with a team that's also using it as an issue tracker or something else you might wanna change to a different view. But that is based on, that is a per user customization so I could change it for myself and not affect anyone else. So just because I have Fedora Magazine set to Kanban as my start page that doesn't mean that everyone else will. Somebody else would have to set it to Kanban for themselves. You can also customize your own notification so you can receive all notifications via email on a board even if you're not assigned as a watcher. By default it's only if you're involved and then you can also set no notifications which means you don't get email notifications but you can still, when you log in you'll see the bell with the number if you have unread notifications so it will show you what's going on and then you can dismiss them if you're done with them. So this is the part where we talk about administering a Tyga project. So you can have different users so you can see on this one I only have one right now but the user has to be added to the team and that means that you have to, they have to log in before you can add them. The way the login system works is the account gets created in Tyga the first time somebody logs in with their Fedora account. So if they've never logged in before you can't find them. And confusingly you can't add people to the team from the team view. You have to go into the settings and from the settings you go into members and then you can click on add a new member and you can either add them if they show up so you can search for them or you may have to just type in their email associated with the Fedora account and if they've already logged into Tyga then that email address will just automatically add them. So I'll just add Adam Shamalik to show it so you can choose a role. So by default there are different roles. You probably, when you're doing this for a team of Fedora want to customize those roles which I'll show you in a minute. So you choose a role and then you can invite the person and if they're already on they'll be added automatically. And then to remove, you can make somebody an admin by toggling the admin button and then of course you can change their role or you can remove them. Some notes about access control. So all of the boards are going to be publicly visible which means anybody who knows the URL can look at them can get to them without logging in. Now, one thing with the permissions if you want to make it so that anybody who's logged in can for example create a user story or comment on it you actually go to the external user and this very scary note that says by external user we mean any anonymous user not belonging to the Tyga platform including search engines. So it sounds very scary. Sounds like oh I don't wanna add permissions for that but because of the authentication plugin we use this basically limits it to anyone with a Fedora account. So unauthenticated users can't actually do anything here it's only, it's basically external to the team but still logging in with a Fedora account. So you can for example make it so that anyone can create an issue if you're using the issue tracker or anyone can comment on a user story. And so that makes it, so if the team that you're working with is using this to sort of interact with the rest of the Fedora community you can make it so that the community can actually directly interact there. I talked about roles so each of these roles is different. You can for example delete a role you can create a new role and then permissions. I think for most Fedora teams you probably don't need too many roles you know maybe like team member is probably enough so you can remove some of the roles and rename them just to simplify it a little bit. So like you might change people who are cool to people who are awesome. So you can easily rename them and things like that. So you go to like the project level basically various fields that you can set. You can set some of the default values. The interesting thing here is the module so you can add a Kanban board. You can add epics, you can add issues, you can add a wiki. The issues are somewhat useful probably but most teams will probably use Pagger or another issue tracker not the built-in one. The interesting thing about issues in Tyga is that you can actually promote them to user stories. So at one point a couple of years ago we were looking at changing the process for change proposals where basically it would be to submit a change proposal you open an issue and then to process it I would convert it to a user story and send it through the pipeline that way. Again you can also add a wiki. I would suggest generally the existing Fedora project wiki is probably a better place if you need wiki space and you can also add a built-in video conference system if you need to. The attributes section is where most of the interesting things happens so you can set statuses for your epics and your user stories and for tasks and for issues as well. I haven't bothered from most of the boards I work on changing the epic statuses just because it's fine. But the user stories are, this is where you wanna focus making sure you have reasonable columns. I showed the Fedora Magazine, Ken Van Ward, they recently changed some of the columns because it was sort of unclear. There was a, what does queue mean versus scheduled and then there was an archived after that and it felt like too many states and it wasn't clear. So it basically got rid of the archived one and made the combined to three columns down into two so it'd be a little more clear and understandable. So for me on the board I use I have a new which is basically a backlog of ideas that I haven't really necessarily fully fleshed out yet but I don't wanna lose track of. Ready is for things I could start working on today if I had time, I have a blocked and waiting and so that's usually it's depending on somebody else to do some work or some resource to become available. So I'll just put it there so it's very clear that it can progress as soon as the block is removed. And I have in progress for things that are in progress ready for test. I use that as sort of, if I'm writing a blog post for Matthew Miller for example, I'll move it to ready for test when I've given it to him and say please look this over if I'm submitting documentation or website changes I'll put it in ready for test when I've pushed the changes and then I'll move it to done once it actually builds and I've verified that it looks the way it's supposed to done is obviously it's done and I keep for myself done and archived separately because I like to sort of batch up my done over a week or two and then when I have my one-on-one meetings with my manager I can tell him oh here's some things I've done that are recent and then but when something's archived it's hidden by default so it's not easy to see. You can also of course set any status to be archived or done and you can customize the colors you can customize the names. This is the trick you wanna make sure here is that you need to save so each field you edit once and then save and then move to the next one and save just the way Tyga on the backend handles changes to the configuration. So if you go to the can band options under the attributes this is where you can set work in progress limits or create swim lanes. So basically the work in progress limit is you just set the number of user stories for that swim lane so you can or for that column and so basically you could set it on a per swim lane and per column basis. So I might not wanna have any for new or ready or for blocked but in progress and ready for test you might wanna have a limit just so you're making sure that work actually flows all the way through to the end and you're not doing a bunch of like half started things. You can also go to the tags to set the different labels. So you can see the bugzilla com blog conference council all these different things that I just sort of use as a visual as a sort of categorization to myself. It's not necessarily automatable or you don't really act upon it necessarily it's just some more of a visual and sort of mental queue. And of course there's the custom fields. So you can see I created the block by one type URL. You can set different kinds of types for any of the custom fields. Again, you have to save each one and so that's why we ended up not going with using Tyga as sort of the backend for the changes platform because it would have required the user to click save on every field. And I think we ended up with something like 15 custom fields because we wanted it to be very parsable by a computer. So we had each field one field for a link one field for a description. And there was too high of a risk of somebody not clicking save on each field as they went and losing the data. So I thought that would be a little user hostile. So that's one thing to be very careful of when you create custom fields is that if you get too many you're gonna increase your risk that somebody doesn't save it and then the data is lost. You can also set severities and priorities. I don't find them particularly useful for most open source projects just because the work tends to be sort of as you're available sort of thing. You can definitely use that to indicate if you're tracking certain bug fix kind of work that might be good to use those. And that way if somebody says, all right, well I can work on one of these three cards. Oh, this is the high priority one I should work on that first. I think generally people have a pretty good sense of the priority of the work anyway. So it's just sort of adds an additional layer of administrative overhead to maintaining the Taiga instance that you probably don't need. So one of the downsides of Taiga is that you can't just show a list of the user stories sort of as a list and not on the board. The closest thing is that there is a timeline view and this is the default when you click on a project and you can set that per project basis. But it basically just shows the most recent activity. Now with the issues themselves, if you enable the issues module, I believe that is you can get a list of issues. Again, I think most teams probably won't be using the issues module necessarily in Taiga, although it may just be that they would if they knew it existed.


Anyway, so much so for license and taming. Now let us get back to this example of YZ here. You see here you have a product of 2Z transforms and the beauty is this product of the 2Z transforms can also be expressed as a linear combination of the 2Z transforms. So suppose I wish to find the sequence Yn from here, how would I go about doing it? Now one would use what is called a partial fraction expansion? How would we obtain Yn? Decompose Yz. Now Yz which is 1 by 1 minus half z inverse 1 minus one third z inverse can be decomposed as something on 1 minus half z inverse and something upon 1 minus one third z inverse. What upon each? And the idea is very simple. When I want to find this factor, I multiply Yz by 1 minus half z inverse and put z equal to half. So essentially I am multiplying by 1 minus half z inverse and making this factor 0. So multiply by 1 minus half z inverse put z equal to half. So I get 1 minus one third into half inverse that is 2. So I have 1 by 1 minus 2 by 3 and here I would use the same idea. I would multiply this by 1 minus one third z inverse and put z equal to one third. So in other words z inverse or yeah so z equal to one third that is right. So z inverse is 3. There we are 1 by 1 minus 3 by 2. Now let us verify indeed, let us verify. What we are saying is 1 by 1 minus 2 third that is 1 by one third. So 3 by 1 minus half z inverse and 1 minus 3 by 2 that is minus half. So minus 2 by 1 minus one third z inverse is very easy to combine. So 3 minus z inverse minus 2 plus z inverse and that indeed gives you back 1 by exactly the Yz that we had. Now what I just illustrated is what is called a method of partial fraction expansion. It is a method of expanding a rational Yz in terms of factors where there are where there are denominator terms all acquiring the value 0 only at one point in the z plane. Now we often deal with this class of z transforms. Let us introduce this class of z transforms. We call them rational z transforms. Rational z transforms are z transforms of the form finite series in powers of z divided by finite series in powers of z. There is a numerator and denominator each of which are a finite series in powers of z not infinite. And of course the word rational comes actually from the idea of rationality in the integers. Let us take a rational number as we understand it for integers. 116.72 divided by 21.68 is a rational number. In fact even if I put 689 it will be a rational number. Why is this a rational number? Because I can multiply the numerator and denominator by 1000 and that leads me to 116.720 divided by 216.89 which is a ratio of integers. So it is rational. Now let us expand this quantity 116.72 by 21.689 in terms of powers of 10. So in fact we can see that 116.72 divided by 21.689 can be written as 10 raised to the 2 into 1 plus 10 raised to 0 into 6 plus 10 raised to minus 1 into 7 plus 10 raised to minus 2 into 2 divided by similarly for the denominator. You can easily write the denominator as 2 into 10 raise to power 1 plus 1 into 10 raise to 0 plus 6 into 10 raised to minus 1 plus 8 into 10 raise to minus 2 plus 9 into 10 raise to minus 3. So, essentially a rational number is a finite series in the base here the base is 10 of course, you could write it you could write the numbers to the base 8 or you could write the numbers to the base 3 or you could write it in binary whatever you like. So, what is a rational number? Rational number is a ratio of 2 series each of which is finite in the base with respect to which those numbers are written. The same idea is being used here except that the base is an indeterminate z. So, it is a generalization of the idea of rationality as understood from the context of integer the numbers. Now, this generalization does not stop there. There are certain important properties that rationals have and systems whose impulse response has a rational z transform are called rational systems. So, now let us define rational systems. Rational and of course, the word rational system immediately refers to an LSI system otherwise it has no meaning. So, rational LSI system is an LSI system whose impulse response has a rational z transform and of course, the LSI system that we saw a few minutes ago is an example. Rational systems are very important. In fact, almost all through this course in the sequel we shall be talking about rational systems. We shall of course, take examples of irrational systems, but we shall actually design only rational system. There is a good reason for that. Today it is only rational systems that have a meaningful realization. What is mean? What is meant by realizing a system? Realizing a system means translating a system into a hardware and or software structure. Implementing a system with concrete components and operations and of course, they must be finite in number. You can always conceive of a system that requires an infinite number of operations to implement. That is of course, of no practical significance. Unless a system can be implemented with finite resources, the system is not very useful in practice. It is only rational systems that can be implemented with finite resources as far as LSI systems go. That is why rational systems are of such great importance and relevance to us. So you see the system that we saw a minute ago is indeed an example of rational system. And now of course, let us complete the job of inverting the Z transform for which we had set out. You see, we had set out to invert y Z equal to 1 by 1 minus half Z inverse times 1 by 1 minus 1 third Z inverse. And we had seen that this is essentially 3 by 1 minus half Z inverse minus 2 by 1 minus 1 third Z inverse. And of course, the region of convergence is mod Z greater than half. And now you see, this is a sum of 2 Z transforms. Take this term, when mod Z is greater than half, 3 by 1 minus half Z inverse from the linearity of the Z transform must correspond to the sequence 3 times half to the power of n u n. And since mod Z is greater than half, mod Z is of course, greater than 1 third. So, for this sequence 2, with this expression with mod Z greater than half can also be thought of as the same expression with mod Z greater than 1 third. Mod Z greater than 1 third is of course, true. So, therefore, the inverse Z or the inverse the sequence corresponding to this or we might call it the inverse Z transform of y Z which is y n is 3 times half raised to power of n u n minus 2 into 1 third raised to the power of n u n from the linearity of the Z transform. Example brings a very important point to light. You notice that in this example, the output Z transform is the product, it is the convolution of the sequences x n and h n. It is the convolution of the input with the impulse response, but it also happens to be a linear combination of the input and the impulse response. This is something very peculiar to rational Z transforms. In fact, you also see why this happens. You notice that we inverted the Z transform by decomposing into partial fractions. When you decompose into partial fractions what you are saying is each of the terms in the denominator give rise to one term in the partial fraction expansion. And therefore, a product of various terms in the denominator leads to a sum of the same or a linear combination of the same terms. Now, we introduce one more idea here. In a rational Z transform, denominator equal to 0 gives us what are called the poles of the system. We will explain in a minute why they are called the poles. Well, I should not call it the system necessarily, system or sequence as the case may be. We say system if that rational Z transform is the Z transform of the impulse response. And we say sequence if we are talking about the Z transform of a sequence. Now, the numerator equal to 0 gives us the 0s of the system or the sequence and we will explain in a minute why this nomenclature. Let us visualize the magnitude of the Z transform. You see the magnitude of the Z transform is always non-negative. So, you can visualize the magnitude of the Z transform plotted on the Z plane. So, I draw a three dimensional or a seemingly three or pseudo three dimensional picture here. I have the Z plane and the vertical. Remember the vertical is only in one direction. It is mod HZ. Now, wherever there is a 0, you can visualize mod HZ now as a tent on this Z plane. That is easy to visualize because you see a tent means it must be only you cannot have a tent under the ground. So, a tent must be only above the surface and that is true because mod HZ is non-negative. So, this tent, what happens to the tent wherever there is a 0, the tent joins the ground at that point. What happens to the tent wherever there is a pole, the tent rises upwards. You see, goes towards infinity. That is why it is called a pole. The point where the denominator becomes 0 leads to the tent reaching the sky by virtue of a pole and the point where the numerator equal to 0, the tent goes and touches the ground. So, that is why this terminology poles and zeros. Anyway, the poles are very important. If you have a linear shift invariant system, now we define what a rational system is. So, in a rational system, we call the pole the front stage actors and the zeros, the king makers or back stage manipulators. You see, when you make a partial fraction expansion of a rational Z transform, it is the poles which tell you what terms you should have. What do the zeros do? The zeros influence the coefficients of these terms. So, zeros do not explicitly figure in the partial fraction expansion. They implicitly figure. They are king makers. They say, who should go forward, who should go back stage. The actual actors which you see on front stage are the poles. The poles are what determine what kind of response that system has, impulse response. In fact, if you look at the poles of the input and the poles of the system, together they tell you the poles of the output. What role do the zeros play? The zeros determine how important, how unimportant each pole is because they influence the terms, the numerators of the partial fraction expansion. Is that right? So, zeros do not explicitly figure in the nature of the response. But the zeros are important. Just as in a drama, the front stage is important. The actors on the stage are important, as are all the people manipulate. See, if they do not, if the people at back stage suddenly turn the lights off, the actors are of no good. That is what the zeros do. Sometimes the zeros kill one of the poles. They do that, turn the lights off on that pole. So, the zeros are back stage manipulators. Anyway, the zeros and poles together determine the nature. In fact, here we can see that, you see, when you have an input and an impulse response, both of which have rational z transforms, the poles of the input and the poles of the z of the impulse response together determine the poles of the output. That is easy to see. Because in fact, the poles of the output are a union of the poles of the input and the poles of the impulse response. That is very easy to see, because the z transform of the output is the product of the z transform of the input and the z transform of the impulse response. And therefore, it has to be the poles have to be the union of the pole. Of course, but the zeros can play a role. They can, they might come in, as I said, turn the lights off. They might cancel some of the poles. That can happen. If they do not cancel, all the poles will be there. And that also tells us. Now, you know, when you do a partial fraction expansion, it also tells us that the output is going to have terms which come from the input and which come from the impulse response. In a way, in a rational situation, in a situation where both the input and the impulse response are rational, the output can also be thought of in some sense broadly, not, do not, do not take this literally, but broadly as a linear combination of the input and the impulse response. So, convolution also leads to a linear combination. Broadly, do not take this literally. We shall see more of this in the next lecture. Thank you.


There are three phases to this program phase number one beginner routine phase number two Intermediate routine and phase number three the advanced routine each day focuses on a different area of your development when you do the training routine, you're just going to Click play and you're going to follow along in real time. There are times for work and There are times for rest do you? I just wanted you to watch this video before starting so you know exactly what to do There's no confusion about how to use this training program these workouts Just take about 15 minutes per day if you want to become a better player There's really no excuse the reason I made it so short is because I wanted to create a training program for players who already have busy Schedules they already have lots of club commitments. They don't have much time They can still fit it in and they can find a way to get better at home Getting an advantage over their teammates over their opponents by training at home by only doing 15 minutes per day One of the first things you'll see when you come on this page is the option to download The tracker so I would really recommend that you download it What you're going to do is you're going to go into Google Sheets. It's a free application It should probably already be installed on your Browser if it's not you can download it for free. So that file has gone to your downloads You're just going to come into here and upload The file that you just downloaded Then you will have this tracker.  You won't be confused You won't be wondering what day you're on and the reason I really wanted to create this is so you can have this Yes on your desktop, but you can also have this on your phone So just download the Google Sheets application on your phone and then you'll be able to access this So as soon as you're done your workout mark that you completed it and then you'll know exactly where you're at Things that get tracked improve if we don't track it. We're not as likely to do it There are three phases to this program phase number one beginner routine phase number two Intermediate routine and phase number three the advanced routine now even if you consider yourself an advanced player I want you to start on phase Number one complete the beginner routine for three cycles before moving to the next level So there are seven days of training you want to complete that cycle three times So three times seven days then you'll move to phase number two intermediate routine complete the intermediate routine for three Cycles before moving to the next level and phase number three Complete the advanced routine for three cycles before completing the program when you click this button to access Each of the phases you will see that there are Seven different workouts. So each day focuses on a different area of your Development the day of the week that you start this routine does not matter all that matters is that you complete the seven days Now there may be days that you miss there may be days where you have games There may be days where your body needs a break. Let's say for one of those reasons you had to miss Doing day number five Don't start the next day on day number six and skip five whatever day you missed The next day you start training again. Just start on that day So we are doing cycles of seven days. That doesn't mean seven days of the week That means you have to complete all seven days for it to be one cycle And you go into each of the specific days you will see that there is a training tutorial and a Training routine I would recommend that you watch the tutorial the very first time that you're about to do the routine Watching this tutorial will help you improve faster It will give you a better understanding of how to do the exercises and how to make more out of these training sessions When you do the training routine, you're just going to Click play and you're going to follow along in real time There are times for work And there are times for rest do your best to stay with the timing of the routine If you find that it's too challenging I would encourage you to just slow down your pace rather than stopping altogether If you really have to Add more time in the rest period still complete the exercises in the 30 seconds That is allotted but give yourself a little more time during the rest periods So what about rest the reason I don't Schedule specific days for rest is because those days are going to pop up regardless You are going to feel some days. Hey, maybe I actually need a break listen to your body Take a day off don't feel bad about that because you're going to come back the next day Maybe your training load is very heavy. I don't know what's going on with your team commitments Maybe you have games. Maybe you have fitness sessions.  Are you too sore? Are you slowing down? Are you lacking power and energy? Then that might be a good indication to take a day off Also, perhaps you have a game you have a big important game You're playing in a tournament that might be a good day to take a day off Listen to your body allow yourself time to rest Don't feel bad about resting because it's going to allow you to rejuvenate and come back the next day Just remember wherever you left off pick up on that day start training on that day So you hit every day of the cycle complete all the cycles in each phase So that's how you use the five star footwork formula. These are short workouts But when you stack these 15 minute workouts daily, you're going to create massive results over time do phase one Three cycles move into phase two for three cycles Phase three for three cycles seven different sessions. You're doing them three times each Use the tracker to keep yourself on track And every time you do a workout really ask yourself, am I going fast enough? Am I pushing my intensity? Am I pushing the quality? Yes, you're going to repeat the same workouts But if you're doing them with the same speed on cycle three that you did on cycle one, then you're not challenging yourself Enough so with these ideas in mind get started with your training and i'm excited to hear about your results


My research question focuses on malaria. Malaria is a human infectious disease which is in contrast to tuberculosis, HIV or to COVID-19, can only be transmitted from one human to another by a little mosquito. So mosquito can take a blood from an infected individual, develop the parasite inside during the period of three weeks, and then it can inject a new form of the parasite into the next human. So the question we ask what happens in mosquito during these three weeks and how it supports parasite development. In the laboratory we employ a series of methods to understand how mosquitoes transmit malaria. That involves population biology studies in the field where we can trap mosquitoes and bring them to the lab and to analyze using mathematical approaches the composition of the mosquito populations in the wild. And it's interesting because there is more than one single vector in the population. So in many times and often we can find different vectors located in the same population. And the question is which one of them is involved in malaria transmission. Then we could look at the genetics of these vectors and see the differences in the genetic composition and then we can ask the question if with this genetic difference using experimental approaches in the labs we could maybe understand better what happens in the field. Then in the lab we could use some tools which allow us to inactivate particular genes of interest and in fact experimentally mosquitoes with plasmodium parasites which transmit malaria and see how that affects parasite development within the mosquito. If this gene has an effect then we can go back to the field and set up a new study and specifically ask the question how different mosquito populations express this particular gene and would one population be a more expressing gene which allows better malaria transmission in the field. So in principle we use these iterations of the population biology studies in the field and laboratory studies in the lab to understand the question what are the mechanics of malaria transmission. So what we found out in the lab was that there is a particular gene which is conserved from bacteria to animals and of course is present in the mosquitoes and which is involved in the immune response regulation of mosquitoes. This gene encodes for a protein which can directly bind to pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and what we found out that it also recognizes the parasite inside the mosquito when they go through the mid-gatapithelia of these mosquitoes and during the infection. So if we eliminate this gene in the mosquito what we see in the laboratory that the mosquitoes start to have huge numbers of parasites and that was very interesting because that was just by eliminating one gene that we can convert mosquitoes from susceptible to highly susceptible. Now the question which we asked was whether this gene has different forms in natural populations. For that we went back to Africa and looked at these different forms of this gene in different areas in West, Central and Eastern Africa and what we found out that indeed different forms exist in these populations and that we find that in areas with a high transmission there are really very particular forms of this gene. So we next asked the question whether we could go into single location in Africa with the populations of mosquitoes which will have differences in this composition of this gene and compare the transmission capacity of these mosquitoes. And so we found such a location in the village close to Bamako in Africa and we had a very good collaboration with our Malian colleagues from the University of Bamako who established a site of collections of mosquitoes during the whole rainy season over two years. Why was it important? Because to understand the dynamic of transmission or what we understand by that number of mosquitoes which would have infected with plasmodium in this area and to use later on mathematical approaches we had to have a time series of collections which would have very dense data set. So we collected mosquitoes every day over a period of three months. After that we looked at the parasite presence in these mosquitoes by molecular methods. We looked at the form of the gene which I was talking previously which we were think connecting to the efficiency of a malaria infection in mosquitoes and what we found out that it is usually considered that the major determinant of malaria abundance in a particular area is the number of mosquitoes present in this particular area. Which is true because if there are no mosquitoes there will be no malaria transmission, right? But if there are mosquitoes what's enough to transmit malaria? What our data showed that it was not really the number of mosquitoes in the area but the composition of this mosquito populations. So if there were more mosquitoes which will have a gene which would not support parasite development then the numbers of infected mosquitoes went down. And on the contrary if there were mosquitoes in the population which will have a susceptible form of this gene, right? Which will be very good in transmitting malaria the number of infected mosquitoes in the population increased. So in another words what we found out that the more of this refractory mosquitoes in the populations fewer cases of malaria will be in the area. So what was important in this study is the understanding that mosquito populations are complex and they contain species which are good and not so good in malaria transmission. Why is this important? It's important first of all for the dramatic decisions of building dams or river management in Africa and this is of course of high importance for the local population and the always question is if you increase the water body in this case you will attract more mosquitoes and increase malaria transmission in the area. However our study shows that that not always true and you could really monitor this and build this dams in the areas where you have vectors which are not good transmitters of malaria. Secondary this study is important because the understanding that you have to target the particular species if you want to interfere with malaria transmission and not with all mosquitoes. So you can use very selective methods of gene drive or genetic engineering and target the species which are really responsible for malaria transmission in the area and leave other mosquito species untouched and fulfilling their ecological functions. Finally this is also important for this climate change scenario where mosquito populations with a warming up of planet will probably extend and change their localizations in the world and to understand how is it dangerous for us as humans to be exposed to this mosquito populations which could transmit and bring malaria back to Europe. So the outlook of this study is highlighting the importance of bringing more mathematical approaches which are very widely used in economics to understand the dynamics of mosquito populations in the malaria endemic areas. We also understand better that we need to collect better samples of mosquitoes and to involve more our colleagues from African countries to be engaged into this project and really to understand what happens in this area of high malaria transmission and how we could prevent malaria transmission by mosquitoes. Our aspiration is that we can contribute to the arsenal of the tools which will allow us to control malaria and it's the best to eradicate this disease from the face of the world.


Hiker calls out for his missing daughter, but a strange voice calls back.  He had no idea someone else was in these parts of the woods. His body catapulted into action with only one mission in mind. Nothing was going to stop him from finding his daughter. As he ran and shouted for her, this strange man's voice kept answering back. His blood began to run cold. It started out like any other Saturday hike for John Utzi and his two kids, David and Brittany. John was a military man and loved to teach his kids some basic survival skills. He also loved to get them outdoors and exercising. His son, David, was 10 and his older sister, Brittany, was 12. They were both eager to make their dad proud by showing him how capable they were. But today, that would be put to the test. John often let his kids venture ahead of him to run and play. He trusted their hiking sensibilities and knew they'd have good footing if they ever came across dangerous terrain. But the terrain was the last thing John should be worrying about. They were about an hour into their hike when things started to take a deadly and terrifying turn. Hiking was a way for John to relax and let his mind wander and get lost in the beautiful scenery and nature that surrounded him. While he listened to his children's laughter up ahead, he began to zone out. Suddenly, he was woken from his reverie by an eerie silence. He looked up ahead and realized he couldn't see his kids anymore. Using his sharp and deep military tone, he called out to them. He listened, expecting a reply, but he heard none. Now, panic began to set in. They'd usually always call back. He raced ahead, continually shouting their names into the wooded mountain range. But just before he could imagine the worst, he sees his son come out from a forested corner. John inhales, breathing a wash of intense relief he hadn't felt in a while. But it wasn't all as it seemed. David ran up to him. But once John looked at him, he knew something was wrong. He looked just as relieved to see him. What's wrong? He asked. Where's your sister? He frantically looked around them. I don't know, he replied. I can't find her. John's stomach dropped as his blood ran cold. This woodland was huge. Not to mention, bears and coobers inhabited this land. But that wasn't all that lived here. Something far more dangerous lingered just around the corner. John grabbed his son and told him to stay by his side as they continued upwards. His shouts bellowed throughout the forest like the sound of thunder. He shouted for what seemed like forever, but then froze. His feet glued to the ground as he heard a voice shout back. But the voice he heard wasn't his young daughters. No, the voice he heard sent a terrifying chill down his spine. John brought his kids on a trail less traveled on this mountain, and he saw no parked cars of any other hikers out today when he pulled into the mountain starting point. His mind raced as he chastised himself for being too careless. John heard a man's voice call back. He had no idea someone else was in these woods. His sudden presence spooked him, especially as his daughter was still missing. After his initial shock, John's body catapulted into action. He told his son to stay right there as he charged towards the strange man's voice. It sounded close. As he continued to shout for his daughter, this strange voice kept answering back. John couldn't keep his mind from panicking about what the hell was going on. Why wasn't she answering back? He was close now, he could feel it. He hoped desperately that what he'd find wouldn't be any of the dark scenarios he painted in his mind. He rounded the corner of a big boulder and saw his daughter standing frozen. He shouted out to her. It seemed to snap her out of a trance. She looked at him, eyes wide, but worry stretched across her face.  She turned back to the direction she was looking at before. Confused by her reaction, John followed her eerie gaze. And then he saw it. It was the man who had been shouting. His arm was raised in the direction of Brittany. He was gesturing to her and she was terrified, frozen in place. John ran up to her and held her tight. But then he realized what was happening. John found his daughter scared frozen, looking over at a man lying on the ground. He was frail and barely had enough to lift his hand. He was gesturing to her for help. It took all his might to reply to John's shouts. John raced over to him and quickly asked him what happened. He reached his hand into his backpack and gave him food and water. Suddenly, he leaped up. In all his panic to find his daughter and fearing he was running into a dangerous situation, he left his son behind. He told his daughter to help the man as he ran back to his son. Finally, they were all together again. He asked the strange man again what happened. But he could barely talk. There was no service to call for help, and the man couldn't walk John had to think fast. He left all his rations with the man and told him he'd return with the police. John and his kids raced down to the car park and immediately called for help. Moments later, cops and an ambulance arrived and safely rescued the injured hiker. But what happened to him? And who was this strange hiker? John later learned that he and his kids saved a 50-year-old experienced hiker who went on a hike five weeks ago, only to turn up missing the next day. He had taken a fall and couldn't move. As the days passed, his strength did too. His only mistake? Hiking alone. He expressed his deepest thanks to John and his kids, all the while giving the family an experience they'll never forget.


Hey Mustangs fans, Bobby Trossin alongside head coach, Tati Corbin, and Bree Christie, our player of the game. After a three-nothing win for the Mustangs coach, it's funny. Let's start with her, because when we were chatting last game, I can recall one of my first questions was, boy, she was just chomping at the bit, and today she just picked up right where she left off. She did. Bree's had a great last two games for us, and has a great ability to create space for herself and get shots off. And we felt like for a while now if they can start sinking, then we'll be in good shape. And despite hitting the crossbar on the post and a ton of stuff last game, to her credit, figured it out today and got us the two early goals. All right, Bree, take me through your head on, especially the one that was nearly an upper 90. Was that an upper 90? I think it was pretty close to an upper. It was definitely an upper. We've been talking a lot in practice every single day. She's one touch hit, one touch hit, and it just clicked today. I'm so proud of my team. I'm so happy RISC was able to send me great balls, obviously. And I just kind of had that moment of calmness before I hit that second ball, and it just went my way today. And Coach, October soccer, we talked about it. That win earlier last week could help propel some momentum. It did that today. Matt Commonwealth Conference play is officially in. So what's the mindset going for him? Be happy with this win today. And then shift our focus tomorrow to Lebanon Valley and feel like we're O&O in conference, then go after that one. And, Bree, just the overall feeling coming out from a win. Because this September, you left some out there, and I think you guys all felt that way. So your approach now going forward? Just fired up for my team. Excited for what's to come in conference. All right, enjoy this one, guys. Toddy Korba, Bree Christie. I'm Bobby Tross. It's signing off from gomustanksports.com. We'll see these guys soon right here at Mustang Stadium.


They'll make more money. They'll make more money. They'll make more money, for sure. I'm actually working with a sales trainer who trains thousands and thousands of sales people in organizations.  They can't talk to their clients and be nice to them. Yeah, they're feeling strange or stressed. How can you sell something and convince somebody when you are all stressed out and negative and sick and tired? It will make everybody be a lot more relaxed and then also happier. We actually can make people happy. Seriously. People don't know what happy means anymore because they have been unhappy for so long. They forget what it means to really smile and they forget what it means to be joyful and excited about something because you look at them and they're like this, they burn out. Right?  They don't have no energy because they're so tired and their voice is like this and their eyes are so like this because they can't even open their eyes, they're so tired.