Today, this next panelist is Joseph West. He is a founding member, director, and secretary of the Mormon Transhumanist Association. He's the father of two children and the husband and lover of their mother, Jessica. He is a graduate student in sociology at the University of Arizona, where he's currently working towards a PhD. His primary research interests include religion, culture, technology, and the family. He holds a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the University of Utah. Joseph will be presenting the new God argument and theological implications of that argument. The new God argument is a argument that stems from secular assumptions and concludes with ideas that Mormons might associate with their perspective on God and various other religious matters. So without further ado, Joseph West. OK, this paper was co-written by Lincoln Cannon, who was just up here. And he's kind of the brain behind it. I'm kind of the Lincoln Cannon sidekick, but I got not nominated to present here. OK, so last night, Terrell Given spoke of Mormonism as a potentially rich resource for those of us interested in reconciling religious perspectives with those of scientific materialism. Although it was unplanned, my present today can accurately be characterized as an extension of his. Part of what Lincoln and I are trying to do in this paper is lay the groundwork for just such a reconciliation. This presentation, as you can see, is on the theological implications of the new God argument. And as a preview of where we're going, I'll say here that the new God argument concludes that an advanced civilization more benevolent than our own created our world. And it's important to hear distinguish between the argument itself and the theological implications of the argument. This is because the argument itself holds independent of any willingness to acknowledge theological implications. The new God argument is presented entirely free of religious language. It is based in assumptions widely shared among both religious and secular persons. So I'm going to try to briefly present the argument. And there's a handout circulating that we'll try to help with that so that I can do it in so quickly, after which I'll discuss some of the theological implications. So the argument consists of six parts. And one thing that may seem confusing is that I just said the argument will be presented free of religious language. And yet the title of the argument, as well as sort of the subparts of the argument, as you can see, are have religious titles. But this is intentional. While the content of each subargument is free of religious language, and indeed, each of these subarguments holds independent of the title, we purposefully represent each part with a religious symbol or title. And the point of this is to suggest our perspective on the relationship between religious and scientific language. And this diagram is in the handout. It's just to illustrate that the argument is not linear. So it doesn't necessarily follow one thing after the other logically. So some of these things hold independent of the other aspects of the presentation. That's kind of. OK, the first part is the faith position. And the faith position is simply the assumption that the human race will not go extinct before becoming an advanced civilization. So it's just positing in faith that there is a future and that this future is worth working towards, kind of the acknowledgement that there is a kind of truth that depends on intentional creation. And this is a moral position, the faith position is. And so because everything else in the argument flows from this, you could accurately characterize the new God argument as a moral argument as much as anything else. OK, the angel argument is, in my opinion, the most difficult part of the argument to grasp. And so I'll try to be concise. So basically, we're presented with a paradox. On the one hand, the universe is old enough and large enough to have produced many earth-like planets. On the other hand, we lack sufficient evidence to claim knowledge of the existence of advanced civilization. And this is sometimes referred to as the Fermi Paradox, named after physicist Enrico Fermi, who first posed the question, given the vastness of the universe, where are they? Why haven't we seen them yet? And reflection upon this paradox has led to different ideas. And one of these is called the great filter, or we call it the great filter argument, advocated by Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom, as well as another theorist, Robin Hansen. And OK, so the idea here is that perhaps advanced civilizations are extremely improbable, almost impossible. In the vastness of time and space across innumerable earth-like worlds, somewhere along the evolutionary path from inorganic matter to advanced civilizations, perhaps something is filtering the many possibilities down to improbabilities. And so what this could mean for us, for our civilization, is that if we are not already extraordinarily lucky to have benefited from some very, very low probability event in our past development, then very high probability events in our future development will almost certainly stop us from becoming an advanced civilization. So basically, the great filter is either behind us or ahead of us. And we better hope, according to Nick Bostrom that's behind us, otherwise we're almost certainly doomed. So when the presence of water was verified on Mars last year and people were speculating about the possibility of basic life forms, Bostrom wrote, quote, I hope that our Mars probes discover nothing. It would be good news if we find Mars to be sterile. Dead rocks and lifeless sands would lift my spirit. OK, why does he hope this? Why does he hope we discover nothing? Two reasons. One, he understands the force of the great filter argument, that if there is this great filter and if it's not in our past, then the future of humanity is doomed. And two, he thinks that the lack of evidence for an advanced civilization is reason enough to assume that they're not out there, that advanced civilizations are improbable, which is one of the disjuncts here. So what is someone like Bostrom going to say if we discover that basic life is probable, if we discover it on Mars or some other planet within some close proximity? Would he throw his hands up in the air admitting that mankind is doomed? Or would he perhaps reconsider his assumption that advanced life forms are improbable? So we assume that basic life is probable. And we don't provide a scientific argument for this assumption. Those are out there. In this case, we're just simply assuming that it seems reasonable given the vastness of the years and the discovery of water on Mars that basic life forms are probable. So this is the assumption of the argument that someone like Bostrom would attack claiming that we have no evidence. And that's true, but I would respond that we know so little about the universe that we don't really have evidence to the contrary either. And this is an empirical question, the answer to which will hopefully become more clear over time. In the meantime, what we're doing here is exploring the implications of probable basic life. From there, we invoke the faith position and therefore we can conclude that advanced civilizations are probable. Okay, that's the angel argument. The creation argument begins with another quite well known essay published in 2003 again by Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom entitled Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? And this argument is complicated, but just to summarize it, it's he argues for this disjunct here either, we probably will become extinct before becoming an advanced civilization that's capable of creating simulated worlds or any advanced civilization will probably does not simulate many worlds, meaning if we come to that point, maybe we'll progress to that point, but for some reason we'll choose not to create these simulated worlds or an advanced civilization probably simulated our world. And there's some complicated math that goes into the argument, but this is the basic idea. And so one thing that Lincoln kind of thought of one day is that the simulation argument can be generalized. So simulation is not the only means of world creation. And so it can be generalized to all forms of creation, meaning that instead of creating a computer simulated world, perhaps we'll terraform planets or create planets or some other, just pick your favorite means of creation that you can imagine and the same logic holds that if we eventually create many worlds like our own, then it's almost, the probability is almost for sure that we live in a created world ourselves. And it's noteworthy that we conferred with Boestrom on this point and he agrees that the logic holds independent of the means of creation of worlds like ours. Okay, so then from there we assume, we simply assume that if we can, if our civilization becomes capable of creating many worlds that we will think of, you know, world of Warcraft, Second Life, other virtual worlds, as the capability becomes available, we're going to use it, that's kind of an assumption. And then again invoking the faith position, we can conclude that an advanced civilization probably created our world. Okay, I'm gonna kind of zip through the charity arguments. So basically here we've come to, I said that the conclusion is that in advance, we should trust that an advanced civilization more benevolent than ours created our world. And so far I've got us to where an advanced civilization created our world. And now the remaining three parts are about why we can believe in the benevolence of these advanced civilizations. So the first one, this is the weakest of the charity arguments, the charity argument from angels. Basically the idea here is that if they're out there, if these advanced civilizations are out there, they're probably sufficiently powerful to destroy us if they wanted to, okay? So what does it mean that we're still here? We're still existing, we're still advancing. It demonstrates, depending on how you wanna look at it, it either just demonstrates some minimum level of benevolence on their part, or perhaps a more weakly stated, perhaps it simply demonstrates a lack of willful malevolence towards us. So again, not that much established by the charity argument from angels, but it does mean something that we're still here if they're out there and they have the capacity to destroy us if they wanted to. Okay, the charity argument from faith. Imagine a future time when enough destructive power to destroy the entire planet can be purchased for what is today a few dollars. Given present technological trends, this future or something like it is not as unlikely as some might think. In this future, given the present level of benevolence in our present civilization, we would probably destroy ourselves under such conditions.  So if we hope to survive that, if we keep advancing technologically like we are, and if we hope to survive this dissemination of power through civilization, then we must grow in charity. So the idea is just that advanced civilizations must be more benevolent than us because if they weren't, they would have destroyed themselves and that we will as well if we don't become more benevolent. So we conclude that advanced civilization is probably more benevolent than us. Okay, charity argument from creation. This is, I think, the strongest argument for the benevolence of the advanced civilization is any advanced civilization that created our world probably acts towards us with at least as much benevolence as it expects any advanced civilization that created its world should act toward it. And this is actually even suggested by Boestrom in the original simulation argument. He suggests that once a civilization becomes aware that they are almost certainly living in a computer simulated world, that they are likely to consider the possibility that their actions may be rewarded or punished based on some moral criteria of their creators. So they will therefore treat their creations with benevolence. And I actually think another kind of way of thinking about the charity argument from creation is that think about how we feel about our creations, okay, about our own children. It may not be because we think we're gonna be punished. We may not treat our own children with benevolence just because we think we're gonna be punished as this is kind of suggesting. There's other deeper motivations there. It's that we feel this connection and love for them. And so basically extrapolating from our experience with our creations, we can maybe say some things about the potential benevolence of these advanced civilizations. Okay, so just to restate the conclusion, we should trust that an advanced civilization more benevolent than our own created our world, okay? Okay, so in the King Follett Discourse, Joseph Smith asks the question, what kind of a being is God? And he even says that here is the question that will pair adventure from this time henceforth occupy your attention. Okay, so I could kind of be thinking about this before he continues in his discourse and say, well, Joseph, having understood the new God argument, I'm gonna take a stab and say that God is an exalted man or woman or both who sits in thrones in yonder heavens and perhaps this is the great secret. What do you think? Okay, this is what he says. He goes on to expound on that in the discourse. He says, God himself was once as we are now and is an exalted man and sits enthroned in yonder heavens. That is the great secret. If the veil were rent today and the great God who holds this world in its orbit and who upholds all worlds and all things by his power was to make himself visible, I say, if you were to see him today, you would see him like a man informed like yourselves in all the person, image and very form as a man. And he forgets to talk about women there but we'll forgive him for that. So this is the heritage of Mormon theology. According to Mormon philosopher Sterling McMurran, quote, the primary task of theology is the reconciliation of the revelation to the culture to make what is taken on faith as the word of God meaningful in light of accepted science and philosophy. Close quote. The new God argument is important to Mormon audiences because it can ground Mormon faith rationally and therefore inform the practical decisions Mormons make as they go forward as a religious people. It can also inform and even improve Mormon interaction with the secular world, perhaps even providing a means for persuasion to the religious perspective. Okay. Some will not feel inclined to worship the kind of God entailed by this argument. On the one hand, some will feel it's too cold, too distant, smelling too much of UFOs and tasting too much of ET. On the other hand, some will challenge that nothing in this argument compels us to grovel in self-flagellating adoration. With both sets of persons, we hardly agree. An argument for God never has been and never will be sufficient to replace the aesthetic of God in our lives. Experienced through individual communion with the divine. Moreover, in our estimation, no God worthy of worship commands groveling.  The new God argument does not contend to provide a relationship with God. It contends only to demonstrate that a common worldview informed of contemporary science and technological trends leads to and is wholly compatible with faith in a particular kind of God. The God of this argument is a natural material God that became God through natural material means suggesting how we might do the same. As emphasized in the argument, benevolence, not only power is among those means and essential to them. This is the God of which Lincoln and I learned from Joseph Smith, who so fully persuaded us of the practical value of faith in such a God that we were ready to assert this faith even if God didn't yet exist. However, the new God argument demonstrates the utter improbability of becoming like God and less God already exists. I'll conclude this paper by quoting perhaps the most unlikely and unwilling proponent of the new God argument. The talented evolutionary biologist and leading voice of the new atheist movement, Richard Dawkins from his book, The God Delusion. Oh, whoops. Jesus, I mean, no. That wasn't supposed to be there, okay. All right. Quote, whether we ever get to know them or not, there are very probably alien civilizations that are superhuman to the point of being God-like in ways that exceed anything a theologian could possibly imagine. Their technical achievements, meaning these advanced beings, would seem as supernatural to us as ours would seem to a dark-aged peasant transported to the 21st century. Imagine his response to a laptop computer, a mobile telephone, a hydrogen bomber, a jumbo jet. As Arthur C. Clarke put it in his third law, any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. The miracles wrought by our technology would have seemed to the ancients no less remarkable than the tales of Moses parting the waters or Jesus walking upon them. The aliens of our seddy signal would be to us like gods. In what sense then would the most advanced seddy aliens not be gods? In a very important sense, which goes to the heart of this book. The crucial difference between gods and God-like extraterrestrials lies not in their properties, but in their provenance. Entities that are complex enough to be intelligent are products of an evolutionary process. No matter how God-like they may seem when we encounter them, they didn't start that way. Science fiction authors have suggested, and I cannot think how to disprove it, that we live in a computer simulation set up by some vastly superior civilization. But the simulators themselves would have to come from somewhere. The laws of probability forbid all notions of their spontaneously appearing without simpler antecedents. They probably owe their existence to a perhaps unfamiliar version of Darwinian evolution. Close quote. Eternal progression is what Mormons call that perhaps unfamiliar version of Darwinian evolution. God is what Mormons call those God-like extraterrestrials that didn't start that way. Whether we ever get to know them or not, there are very probably gods. That's what Richard Dawkins tells us. That's what Joseph Smith told us. That's what the new God argument concludes. Beyond traditional theism and beyond new atheism, Zion, your God reigns. Thank you.


I spent $1,000 on TCG player and it all went wrong. What's up guys we're back with another epic video. Today I'm going to be showing you guys everything we bought for $1,000 on TCG player in that video. If you guys missed it go check it out before you see this one because we spent $1,000 to see if this $1,000 in Yu-Gi-Oh cards will actually make us money versus if we had just invested it in other places. But since we're talking about TCG player I got a couple of things. First a giveaway. I'll be giving away a $50 TCG player gift card and if you're from like outside the US then we'll figure something out maybe like just $50 to card market or something like that. But all you have to do is like this video be subscribed let me know what you think about what happened with our buy was it still a good buy was it not and also want to remind you guys use my TCG player affiliate link below if you guys want to support the channel you just click it you buy whatever you're already gonna buy it supports me let's get into the video. So here are all of our packages that uh actually arrived if you guys remember we bought like maybe 11 items I don't know from like one of a couple of them were from the same seller so it wasn't even that many different things had to be shipped guess how many have arrived all but not one but two have gotten lost yeah two out of like 10 different sellers have gotten lost 20% of our packages have gotten lost so we haven't even looked to see if the conditions are good yet so the conditions might be bad plus stuff has gotten lost so I'll give you guys the story for that as we go along so this right here looks to be the ultimate rare blue eyes I think this is from collectors cash so let's check out if these are in good condition how well they were packaged all that stuff and let's just see how much of a disaster this $1000 has been so far so we have collectors cash okay there we go let's see how this blue eyes is I believe this is the first edition one everything was near mint that I bought so everything should be at least near mint let's check this out this card looks to be from what I can tell oh my goodness look at that wow that looks terrible are you kidding me oh okay so this one is definitely a lightly played max so this is part of the risk if you buy cards instead of investing in like stocks or a fund or something like that when you do that you don't have to worry about your money getting lost your money being in bad condition but in this case in yugioh we've not only lost uh two packages but we now have a lightly played I mean I wouldn't even sell this as lightly played but probably generously lightly played blue eyes white dragon rather than near mint oh that thing looks absolutely terrible okay well that's a bad start on to our next one let's see if we can actually get something that we actually wanted because right now it is not looking too good because two of my packages okay the two that did not arrive we can talk about those let's start with the solemn warning has not arrived yet it has been in transit I think for 13 days now has not moved it says in transit arriving late that tends to happen I'm not completely giving up on that one yet but it still stinks because it's taken that long we will see if that one ever shows up I was gonna make a video when that one got here but it just took entirely too long to do so we're gonna wait on that one this one is like literally stuck in here all right so this one I don't remember what this is oh a dusted gold from brothers the legend surely this is going to be in good condition the set just came out when I bought it so it should be okay okay it was not double sleeved it seems that is fine though if as long as it is in okay condition okay this one looks pretty good a little die right there but that's okay all right so on our $12 card it looks like oh there are a couple of things on here but that's still near meant okay our $12 card was actually okay so what so far we're one for two on the ones we actually did get now let's get to the other item that did not arrive and I'm pretty bummed about this one because it's one that I really wanted to get the what not flame swords and what is it called the silent swordsman level five I think the ultimate rare from flames not flames what is it called flaming eternity there we go all right oh looks like this is a big one so we have the astral rare and the lightning storm so we're going to check these out but before that the flame what is it called golly the silent swordsman so it got delivered to a city in my state Tennessee but it wasn't even close to me it was like two hours away I messaged the seller hey hey bud I don't say bud because when you say bud it means like it's like condescending almost I don't understand why people say that I wanted to say it but I didn't so I was like hey man well what's the deal and he's like oh I delivered it to the address that you put on your TCG player and I'm like no you did it I don't have this city on there and he's like oh well uh yeah I did yeah I sent it to the right place and I'm like dude this is not the same like I I we went back and forth for literally a week I'm like this is not the right address it's delivered to the wrong spot and he finally accepted because I send him my address and then the other address and he finally is like okay I'll refund you but the dude was not going to give me a refund we went back and forth for an entire week I'm saying dude you sent my car to the wrong address like I need a refund for this like it's not going to show up he's like well can you check your local post office I'm like well my local post office is two hours away from the one you delivered it to it's like that they're not going to know like so eventually I did get my money back for that which was a huge bummer though because it was one card that I really wanted so here we have the lighting storm this actually looks really nice so I think we did okay on the prismat this is the one we spent the most money on so that's a good thing that we actually got this one it came in in good condition kudos to this seller I got to check the seller name so we can give a quick shout out there's the astral Leviathan that is beautiful man these are both mint condition so pro seller here they actually sent us some really nice stuff putting them two cards in the same top litter is actually not a big deal I like to do that because as long as you use two penny sleeves they fit perfectly they don't move around I like to double sleeve if it's a single card though because if it's just one card in a penny sleeve it'll move around and like ding the top this was actually a tgg player direct sale which means that tgg like does the orders for them but these were gamers choice and health points tcg so it looks like those two are pretty good I guess tcg players doing everything for him but looks like tcg player direct and actually you know deliver sometimes so we are doing okay now three of our four cards have been in good condition we've only lost two of them so far and so I know the the one that I actually got a refund for is definitely gone because it was delivered to the wrong address I don't even know where that address came from so I don't know should I like rebuy that card do you guys think so we actually get it and can compare and just use the old price I mean or should we like have to use the new price because that's like part of the thing is like the fact that it got lost I now have to spend more money I don't know if I get to cheat and you know pretend like it didn't happen so maybe I need to just get a whole new one so here's the other blue out so let's get this out of here okay we got the blue eyes out of there let's see we have unlimited this was the cheapest card we bought it was only eight dollars this one looks near meant to meant for sure that is very very nice okay maybe a little little whitening at the top that's okay these tend to have a little bit of whitening with these dark edges it's pretty hard not to but that's still pretty good so overall not the best experience so far I mean it's just kind of what you expect when you buy a TCG player not everything's gonna go right it's a bunch of different sellers it's not TCG player themselves it's you know the sellers on TCG player sometimes not good kind of like eBay you guys know eBay can be rough sometimes this guy had addresses on both sides we're gonna have to open it off camera okay here's one of our biggest ones we got the elemental hero stratos please be in good condition oh there's more tape okay more tape okay there we go the tape has been removed only a single sleeve on this one it's no double sleep okay you know two nice sleeves actually okay cool are these dragon shield I see my dragon shield all right very very good so far nice packaging very taped up though it's a little scary we have the stratos ultimate rare from OTS what nine I think back looks pretty good there's a little bit of an indent but I think that's just from the ultimate rare artwork a little bit of a line through the middle but that's not too big of a deal that's a pretty good condition stratos I'm not gonna complain about that one so it looks like we are doing better now it started off really rough it's still kind of rough because two of our cards got lost and let me know what you think like 20% of your package is getting lost I know there have been a lot of packages just getting lost in general by the postage so could have been the seller's fault could have been the post office's fault either way it's still pretty rough onto the next package I have had a lot of people tell me their order has been lost recently on TCG player like at least a few people usually people under $10 though which is always very suspect when selling on TCG player when somebody tells you their order is lost actually had someone oh we forgot we bought this actually had someone tell me their order was lost from four months ago so when that happens you're like wait like are you trying to scam me or like what's the deal here it was a very low amount order and there's obviously no tracking and these people tend to say oh do you have tracking for the order it's like four dollars you're like well tracking cost four dollars so no I did not have tracking on this but I don't know if you guys are sellers on TCG player you guys know what I'm talking about if you're not it's probably like what is he talking about anyway but you'll understand if you do it one day so red eyes flare metal wow that is beautiful look at those colors oh my goodness scratching there's definitely some scratches on it which is unfortunate it's not great condition but it's honestly not like that bad this just looks absolutely amazing though it's definitely better than the one I have it's first edition which is pretty cool back looks good so if the only issues and some foil scratching probably fair to call it near mint so overall not too bad on that one it's not like minty but obviously when you buy near mint you shouldn't expect mint and our final item that actually arrived so unfortunately we did not get two of the items but we did get some other ones so and overall I would say that this TCG player order has gone wrong completely I mean when you don't get two out of your 10 cards you order or something like that that's probably not a good sign and also two of them being pretty nice so let's see what we got in here this is the structure deck warriors triumph this is first edition so this is pretty cool what can you get in here gilford the legend warrior lady of the wasteland what is that warrior lady at the wasteland or that dart blade goblin attack force gear free the iron knight in there twice okay marauding captains in there twice yeah so this is actually a structure deck you actually get multiple of the decent cards pretty cool reload is in there twice that's kind of funny so this is pretty cool just to have for the collection I think structured X are actually really cool and kind of underrated the thing is they're not very fun to open because you know like exactly what you're getting but they are really cool to like have sealed so this thing is not in like incredible condition it did come in a bubble mailer which I thought was a little bit odd probably got a little dinged up on the way here but still really awesome thing to add to the collection for sure overall let me know what you think about this two out of our 10 orders actually just didn't show up so 20% one is still in limbo so we might get that one another one was probably my favorite card I bought it didn't show up should we rebuy that and add it so we can like check on it in a few months because obviously this isn't going to work too well if our $1,000 like 160 or 70 of the dollars don't even show up it just feels kind of bad but if you did like the video make sure to subscribe to the channel because we're doing more stuff like this in the future shout out to TCG trust scar so info show tomato juice no jay stanley mightnance be my gecko dual skin parts bank mcfarland g raider and daxter thank you guys for supporting the channel and I'll see you guys next time peace


Hello everybody and welcome to my mess. I mean I mean desk. I want to do a little video about drawing the covers from my favorite books. So the rules are that they have to have five stars on my Goodreads and I don't really want to do graphic novels or anything like that so I'm sort of dedicating this to fiction and no non-fiction. These are most of my five star rated books and I will draw a little version of them and talk about the books as I go. So if you're into that kind of thing then stick around. Okay so let's begin. The first five star read that I chose was The Shining. This is one of my favorite books because it's one of the first horrors that I ever read and it opened up the world of Stephen King to me and I really love this book. It's so much deeper than you first assume it would be and I really love the characters in it. What I love about Stephen King is he really tells stories that are character driven and then the horror is just kind of like an added bonus. It seems like the characters come first and then the horror elements just build up these characters. It's so good. So this story is about a family down on their luck and they go to a hotel where the main character, well one of the main characters Jack Torrance, he becomes a caretaker as it closes down over winter. You guys are probably quite familiar with this story. It was quite famous and it has a film and it has miniseries and loads of different things but obviously he wants to write a novel of his own and he becomes stir crazy but because actually the hotel itself is rather evil and our main character, the young boy Danny, he has a gift called The Shining where he can hear people's thoughts and see ghosts and things and it's a really cool story and I think there's so much more to it and the characters have so much more to it than the film does even though I love the film as well. I just think it's a great read and if you guys have never read it you should definitely give it a go if you like horror. Yeah so I drew this image and as it's the first one I did I kind of keep going back and fixing it throughout this process because I didn't like the way it turned out and I wanted to stay true to the covers. I know there's a lot of ranger covers out there for popular books so I wanted to stay true to the ones that I remember being on the cover of the book that I read because it just made more sense, it was more personal to me. So the next book that I read was Slaughterhouse 5 by Kurt Vonoghan and I think it's Kurt Vonoghan, correct me if I'm wrong in pronouncing his name. It's basically a book that takes place through non-linear timelines so we jump ahead and back in time and it centres on the firebombing of Dresden during World War II and about the main character being in World War II but then also jumping forward to his life now and how he deals with PTSD and fear but I also think it has like a sci-fi element to it which I don't really want to explain unless you read the book but it sort of it sort of like makes you think is it happening is it not happening and I just thought it was such a brilliantly well-written book about PTSD and fear and guilt it's just a brilliantly well-written book and the cover is kind of orange but I didn't I didn't I couldn't find my orange Posca pens. I used this bright pink luminous colour because I think the orange I have anyway doesn't really reflect the kind of comical style that they were going for for this cover so I think it turned out well I also go back in and fix all the typography with this because I think the first few that I did just the typography I was like what is happening here. The next book I chose is Pichinko by Minjin Lee and it follows generations of one family as they live through the occupation of Korea by Japan and through World War II and beyond it. It's basically about a single family and how they deal with a lot of situations during the war how they deal with moving from Korea to Japan and trying to make a life there and then the generations of the different people throughout the family and it's so good I love this book I couldn't put it down. It does move quite fast from character to character but I think it's so interesting and if you like historical fiction then this is definitely a really good it's quite gruelling but then it's also like lovely in some senses so I think you just need to read it if you're into Korean and Japanese culture but also historical fiction about World War II and it gives a lot of information and some things that I didn't really know before. I read this book so it also opens up your horizons and I think that is kind of a constant theme for my five-star reads. A lot of them have to deal with a lot of issues and I think it's probably hard to rate a book down if it deals with certain themes very well and I think this book is one of those that does this so it's very good and that's all I'm gonna say. I think this is probably one of my favorite covers that I do because I just really like the way it turned out. Obviously all the credit goes to the artists of the original books because I'm just copying the covers but in miniature form so I can't take credit for the design or layout of these books but I think they look really intriguing together and that's why I wanted to do this and it also helps me like discuss each of the books. So the next book I chose was Noughts and Crosses by Mallory Blackman. It's a beautiful book about social and class divides and it focuses on a relationship that is sort of doomed from the start because of the divides between these two families and it's such a good book. I read this when I was a teenager and it hit me so hard and I think it probably helped develop my sense of the world from a young age. I know I just think it's such a brilliant book and if you haven't read it I would definitely give it a go. I'm probably gonna say definitely give it a go for all of these books though because they're all my five-star reads so yeah. I recommend all of these books. I guess it just depends if it's the type of book that you're into. There was not much to do about this book cover I think I go back in and change the the nought at the top because it was supposed to be orange and obviously I said before I couldn't find my orange so I changed it to orange and I move it slightly up to give some room for that title. The next book I chose was the Goldfinch and this features a kind of a tear in the front cover and through it you can see the painting that is the Goldfinch which is what this story revolves around. So the Goldfinch is about a character called Theodeca who survives an accident that kills his mother and I think it's a lot to do with survivors guilt and loss to begin with and it's so beautifully written and it just it stems from like him kind of picking up this painting from a gallery and holding on to it and it and we follow him as he grows up and how he deals with having this painting and but it's more about his life and how he deals with grief and it's just oh it's just hauntingly beautiful. So I definitely recommend this book. I really enjoyed this one because I actually handmade a little front cover and ripped out where you can see the Goldfinch through the paper. I said the Pachinko one was my favourite but I think this is also like a close second or maybe even my favourite. Maybe I lied. Maybe I'm wrong guys. I just really like the way that feels and looks. The next book I chose was the Estonishing Colour of After. I have to give a trigger warning to this book because it is about suicide so it follows a young girl whose mother has died by suicide and it's about grief and how she deals with the loss of her mother but it's so sensitively done because I think the author also experienced something similar in her own life but it stands on to the main character going to Taiwan and meeting her grandparents for the first time and discovering her culture and learning things about her mother but it also has sort of a fantastical element to it because she keeps seeing this bird and she thinks this bird is reincarnation of her mother and it's just sort of about dealing with her own grief and how she overcomes it and learns to accept what's happened and develop as a person herself and it's really is it's a very hard book to read but it's so beautifully done and I just I really love this book so if you like to read sad books then this one is for you. If you don't like sad books then definitely give this one a miss. So the cover kind of had like a gradient to it and I couldn't really do that with the paint pens I was trying to see how I could give that effect by maybe smudging it or doing different stuff so in the end I just layered different colors over and gave this sort of like furry effect and I think it kind of works because the bird on the cover covers it up anyway and I really like the way this one turned out I think just because this cover is beautiful anyway I really like the typography of it so it has this swirling bird and then it has the typography is kind of swirling across it and fits into the shape of the bird and I just think it's really well done and it also represents very nicely the imagery within the book because it's so colorfully written and if you've read this book you probably know what I mean it's just like a lot of similes a lot of metaphors but really well done. The next book I chose is The Hate You Give by Angie Thomas and it is about a girl who witnesses the fatal shooting of her friend by a police officer and it deals with the aftermath of that and how she learns to grow in this society where something like this has happened to her and how she deals with the aftermath of her friend's death. It is quite a difficult read but I think it really helps define how I feel on certain subjects. I think the main takeaway from this book is that if you think something is wrong or if you think somebody is saying something wrong and you should speak out and I think that's something that I really took away and learn from this book and I think that's a very strong thing to take away from a book that your reading is a lesson and it's a really good book if you enjoy this type of story then feel free to read it and let me know what you think. The next book I chose follows similar themes but is a completely different tale. It's to kill a mockingbird maybe some of you had to read it in high school or something I never did. I read it well into my 20s and it was such a beautifully written book and I don't know what else to say about it really because I think everyone has probably read this. It deals a lot with themes of racism and judging people without knowing them. The characters are really well done and I think it's so well written and you just feel like you're in this moment of time. It's like a time capsule and I just think it's so well done. Yeah so this cover I remember I had the book and it was this cover where it was the tree I think where they messaged Bo Radley in it. I can't really remember what the tree was about but yeah it focuses on the tree and I don't really think that this cover needs to do too much just to kill a mockingbird is such a famous book that probably all it really needed was the title anyway. The next book I chose was Horns by Joe Hill and this follows the murder of a woman and you find out that everybody thinks it's the main character that you follow who has killed her and how he deals with this this scrutiny that he feels and everyone thinks he's done this and he actually starts to grow horns and becomes quite devilish and it's a really fantastical read but it's more to it than that it's about true love and what you would do and what you would do to save someone that you truly love. I think it just struck me it kind of it surprised me a lot of how it wasn't really just about this like devil mad walking around doing evil things it was about how what people think about you could maybe turn you into that and I really felt this book I think is a really good read obviously that's why it's on this list and you should give it a whirl if you like darker themes in books it's not really a horror per se but it does have horror elements in it and it deals with murder and yeah. I think as well it's worth mentioning if you don't know this Joe Hill is Stephen King's son and I think that's a really interesting fact that I found out quite later on because I read all the locking key comics which I highly suggest if you haven't read those and you like comics and then I found out that he was Stephen King's son and I was like word I love Stephen King and it was all it all came together for me so the next book I picked was a handful of dust this is another book that I picked up off the shelf on a whim and it surprised me at how much I enjoyed it it's a satire of English life where all the characters are rich and really completely lack morals and shock you and it's such I can't explain this book it's so hard to go into detail but it's just about a woman who is bored with her life and kind of cheats on her husband and then he wants a divorce and he has to capture out and it's a time capsule of that time in England and I think it's like the 1930s maybe a little bit later and just how he deals with it and it doesn't yeah it kind of all goes downhill for the main character who who sneaks up on you as well you don't even realize he's the main character until he is and it's a great story I really liked it it was fun but also shocking and sad and pretty mesmerizing I drew this weird little horse because on the cover there's somebody horse riding and all these books are really small so all the details were actually really hard to do it kind of looks bigger on the screen than it is but all of these books were smaller than hands so everything I had to do was like that doesn't look good but when I zoomed out I was like that looks good I don't know I think zoomed in the details are a bit like blobs but then you come out again you're like actually that kind of looks cool and I really like the way that all the books look together you can see me going back in with the orange to go and do that naught or not across is some justice rather than just being a pink splodge I then went on to draw another book and it is Turtles All the Way Down by John Green and I really like this cover it focuses more on typography but I really enjoyed doing this kind of orange swirl and then the typography after I think this one comes out really nicely as well Turtles is all about it's about a story about finding a future billionaire but then it's also about the main character more about how she lives her life and how she struggles with anxiety and having OCD I think it's a really good representation of a character who has these kind of struggles and I think it was informative for me because I didn't know much about OCD and how she deals with this and how it becomes more of a problem throughout the book kind of takes over the story and then how she deals with that and the fallout of some of her actions that she takes it's a really good read and if you struggle with some of these things then I would say it has a trigger warning for that if you don't want to read about that kind of aspect but if you have those things and you haven't read this book and maybe it will help you relate to somebody else who has them it's a really good book and I think it's very well done and I think it's probably one of the best things John Green has written in my opinion everyone's going to shout at me the fall and the stars but I really preferred this to that book and the final book is a kind of historical fiction but a little bit more on the I don't want to say trashy side because it's not really but it's kind of more romance historical fiction to do with the Tudors and it's the Queen's Fall and it follows a who becomes Queen Mary's Fall but then ultimately Queen Elizabeth's Fall and it's just a really good twist on a story about the Tudor reign and I really enjoyed this book there's not much to say about it I think if you enjoy historical fiction about the Tudors then Philippa Gregory who's the author of this is probably the Queen of writing these stories I've probably read almost everything she's ever written I think this is one of my favorite and you've probably heard of one of her books The Other Blingo which is another favorite of mine which was made into a movie a few years ago a few years ago quite a long time ago actually now and yeah I struggled a bit with this book because I made the dress green which is obviously what it is on the cover and then on top is the author's name in yellow and I was like okay I need to go back and change just up a little bit in the end I like it I think the typography could be better done but hey I think it was overall a success and yeah it's the final book in these 12 books I wish I could have done more I think I will do more in the future because I really enjoyed doing this that's the final book let me know what you guys think have you read any of these books will you read any of these books let me know if you do I'm really excited to discuss books with people because it's obviously one of my main passions and these are just 12 of my favorite books so if you like this video let me know if you want more because I will definitely draw more books and that's basically it guys thanks for watching and I will see you next time hopefully please come back okay thank you bye


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First things first, congratulations on getting the job. Now that you have a job, you are wondering how to make that first great impression. So regardless of which job you have applied to, here are some universal tips and tricks to slay that first day. Tip number one is prepare to learn. A few things you can remember to learn are the company's mission, policy and goals. Then try to get an understanding about your roles and responsibilities. Lastly, clear out your logins and all the other techs that are required for you to do the job. Tip number two is nap your travel. So in the time leading up to the main day, figure out your commute to the office, how long it takes and what are the expenses. So on the main day you reach on time and even if you reach early that's perfectly fine as what you're trying to do is not keep people waiting. Tip number three is carry a mini meal and eat well.  You do not want to be getting hangry towards your colleagues. So also try and carry some food with you in your travel bag so that in case you do not even have much time, you can quickly grab a bite and keep up the energy for your first day, which is a very important day. Tip number four is prepare a list of questions. On the first day you are meant to learn a lot of things, but this can get really overwhelming. So prepare a list of questions. Try and answer at least four questions at the end of the day. Question number one, who do you report to? Second, how is your work performance reviewed? Third, who are the heads of department? Fourth, how often do we have team metrics? These simple questions will at least help you get through the day and during the training, if you are not able to remember everything that's all tried, do not put too much pressure on yourself, just go ahead and inquire again. The more clarity you gain, the better it is. Tip number five is befriend at least one person at work. Yes, the traffic is horrible, the weather is worse and the commute to your office needs some getting used to. Regardless, stay off your phone on the first day of work and put on a smile. The more approachable you are, the easier this task gets. Why you need someone at least with some familiarity at work days is so that you can get a better understanding about how your work culture is. You can get answers to questions that you feel are comparatively silly to go to the manager for and at Macs, you'll have some company for lunch. On some days, that essentially becomes the highlight of the day.


to this session of the course. So, today our topic of discussion as it is shown is axial flow pumps, but before coming to this topic we like to discuss about the characteristics of multiple pumps used together or connected together in a system. So, first we have to know why multiple pumps that means more than one pump is used or are used in a particular application. When the head developed or the flow rate delivered by a single pump is not sufficient for a particular application a number of pumps that is more than one pumps are used. Pumps are used either in series or in parallel, when it is used in series then the heads are added that means when you require more head than that developed by a single pump we use the pumps in series and where we require more flow than that developed by or delivered by a pump we use pumps in parallel that means in case of pumps connected in parallel the heads the flow rates are added just like this you can see here the pumps in series that if you have number of pumps that is pump one it is simply geometrical series in series geometrically connected in series like this pump three pump three like this that means the discharge from one pump is connected to the inlet to the other pump and so on. So, therefore, you see if we consider the total head developed across the system of multiple pumps. So, it is some of the head developed by individual pump. Similarly, when the pumps are connected in parallels for example, pump one the system is like this pump two then pump three if they are used in parallel the arrangement is like this the inflow to the pump it means inlet to the pump inlet flow of water is divided into three parts for example, if three pumps are connected these are the common shaft. So, they are not connected this way this is the common shaft. So, therefore, the flow is divided and ultimately the flow meets like this. So, that the final discharge is the sum of the discharges from all the pumps this is the final discharge.  So, it automatically meets and gives q. So, the total flow which is taken up by the system sum of the flow rates through individual pumps. Now, we come to the characteristic of such a system of multiple pumps. Let us consider the characteristics of pumps in series and let us consider two pumps of identical design that means two identical pumps.  This is the we give it by a dotted curve this is the head q characteristics of a single pump. Now, you see if we should use another same similar pump in series what will happen the head will become double at any given flow rate that means for a given flow the head will be doubled. So, therefore, we can draw the h q characteristics the relationship between head and discharge q for the two pumps connected in series to identical pumps like this. So, this so this meets here that means at any flow the heads are added up double that means if this is h one. So, this is h one that means the two such pumps in series are added. So, at any point the heads are being added double the same pump. So, this is h one this is h one. So, therefore, we can write this is the single pump characteristics single pump characteristics single pump characteristic well and this is the double pump or combined pump characteristics combined the two pumps connected in series combined pump characteristics characteristic. So, this is there is two pumps in series two pumps identical pumps here in series in series. Now, as we know the operating point depends upon the system resistance that means it is decided or determined by the point of intersection between the pump characteristics and the system characteristics. For example, as we have seen earlier that for a single pump that let it be the single pump characteristics we if we know the system characteristics for example, if these be the system characteristics what is system characteristics it is nothing but the head discharge system characteristics head discharge relationship for the system that is the pipelines and valve to which the pump is connected that means it is the head loss to the system for a given flow rate. So, if this characteristic curve is drawn we know that this is the point of intersection the single pump that means the single pump and with this system characteristics this is the operating point in case of multiple or combined pump here two pumps the operating point will be this is the operating point this is the operating point for combined pump system for combined pump operating point for combined pumps whereas this is the operating point for the single pump. So, one interesting thing is that though the characteristic curve for the combined pump when these two single pumps of identical shape size and design are used then the heads are summed up. So, head at any flow rate is doubled, but the operating point gives a head which is higher than the operating head when the single pump was in use, but it is not exactly double. So, the head will be increased, but will not be doubled that depends upon the system characteristics well similarly we can show we can draw rather the characteristics for combined pumps in parallel let us see the combined pump the same way we can draw the combined pump let us consider this as the single pump h q characteristic. Now, when the pumps are used in parallel as I have told you earlier so flow rates are added at a particular head. So, therefore the combined pump characteristics can be drawn like this that means at a given head the flow rates are simply doubled that means if this be the single pump flow rate q 1 for example. So, this part will be q 1 that means for a given head we can find out the point in the combined pump by adding the flow rate that means the same flow rate because the identical pumps are used in parallel. So, this q 1 this q 1 so it will be same for all heads. So, therefore this is the single pump characteristics as it was shown earlier in case of pumps used in series single pump characteristics and this is the combined pump characteristics well combined pump characteristics characteristic well when the pumps are in parallel. So, this is the case that pumps are in parallel similarly here also the operating point is decided by the intersection of the characteristic curves with the system resistance that means let this be the system resistance let this be the system resistance that is system characteristics or system resistance as you tell so system resistance curve. So, this is the operating point for the combined pump where we see the operating point does not give double the head as shown by the operating point in case of the single pump. So, the head is increased, but is not doubled. So, this is finally the sorry not head the flow rate operating point. So, flow rate is increased, but not double operating point for combined pump I repeat it again that as we have seen earlier in case of pumps in series that pumps in parallel. So, the operating point is here. So, the head that is ultimately delivered depends upon the operating point. So, this is increased from that delivered by single pump because single pump operating point is there, but it is not doubled, but characteristic curve itself shows that at any head the discharge is doubled, but here the discharge is not doubled this is the combined pumps in parallel when they are not identical. In a similar way in most general cases we can show we can show the pumps in series and parallel when they are not identical that means pumps are not necessarily to be identical when they are used in series and parallel. So, it is also very simple same thing we may have two pumps let this is one pump pump one characteristics of one pump and let this be the characteristics of another pump where this characteristics is steep steeper than the number. So, number this is one pump the two pumps are dissimilar pump. So, if we use the two in series it is nothing at one flow rate we have to add the heads that means we will have to start from here. Now, it will come like this and then it will follow the same because here the head is 0. So, where the head of the second pump is 0 it will follow the first pump. So, this is the characteristic for combined pumps for combined pumps in series. Similarly, we can draw for the pumps in parallel. So, up to this part there is no flow delivered by the pump one. So, therefore this will closely follow or totally follow the pump two then it will be like this because after that at any head the flow of the flow rate delivered by the two pumps will be added. So, it is very simple. So, therefore it is for characteristic for characteristic for combined pumps in parallel. So, therefore we see that the characteristics of multiple pumps whether parallel whether they are used in series or parallel can be drawn in this way by adding the heads at a given flow rate for pumps in series or by adding the flow rates for all the individual pumps at a given head when the pumps are connected in parallel. And the operating point will determine entirely by the for example, this will be the operating point if the system resistance is this for the combined pump in parallel and this is for the combined pump in series under this system operating characteristic. It will determine by the intersection of the system characteristics or system resistance with the characteristics of the combined pump system. So, now we have completed this section of centrifugal pump. Now, we will come to axial flow pump. Now, an axial flow pump is a pump where the flow of liquid that is the water is in the axial direction that means the flow is in the direction of the axis of rotation. Well, you have seen that in centrifugal pump the flow is in the radial direction it is a radial flow pump and the flow is radially outward as you know for a pump the for a radial flow pump the flow has to be radially outward this is because to gain pressure to gain pressure energy of the fluid from the centrifugal energy. So, that the fluid has to go outward so that at the outlet the centrifugal head is more than that at the inlet. So, therefore, we see that centrifugal pump is a radial flow pump. So, axial flow pump is a pump where the flow is almost in the axial direction that means the inlet and outlet of the fluid do not vary in their radial location from the axis of rotation. We have discussed this in axial flow turbine also this is the definition holds good as well for any axial flow machine. So, therefore, an axial flow pump can be thought of as an converse to an axial flow turbine or a propeller turbine and we can just have a look what how an axial flow pump looks like. So, you see basically the axial flow pump consists of a central boss on which a number of blades or veins are mounted this is basically the impeller and this impeller rotates within a cylindrical casing this is the cylindrical casing with fine clearance this is these are the clearance. So, therefore, this boss with the number of blades mounted on it consists the impeller this is rotating the cylindrical casing. So, these are the inlet. So, therefore, you see this is the impeller this is the impeller this is this you cannot show see clearly impeller. So, this is this one I write it here stationary stationary guide veins the purpose of this stationary guide veins is to direct the fluid in the correct way to this impeller blades. So, that they can enter the impeller blade without any shock the most important part of an axial flow machine is this stationary blades stationary outlet guide veins this is stationary outlet. Which is not there outlet guide veins in a radial flow machine the purpose of the stationary outlet guide veins is not to convert any energy from kinetic energy to pressure energy it simply is change the direction of motion. That means, it reduces the whirling component of velocity which the fluid possess the water possess from the outlet or at the outlet of the impeller. So, this whirling component is reduced.  So, that the final discharge from the machine becomes almost axial that means, in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation this is the axis of rotation this is the rotation omega this is rotating like this. So, this is in general a schematic view of an axial flow pump. Let us see the velocity diagram of an axial flow pump now if we take a section of the blade like this if we see a section of the blades then the it looks like this that this is the well this is the blade impeller blade one impeller blade and this is the outlet guide blade. So, this is the impeller blade impeller blade one impeller blade the section is made like this if we take a section like this we will see this this is the inlet guide when this is the impeller impeller blade and this is the outlet guide. So, we are seeing the impeller blade and the outlet guide vane. So, this is the outlet. Now, usually what happens is that the inlet guide vane directs the water in such a way as you know earlier cases also that it glides that means it strikes smoothly with this that means this is the tangential direction so that the angle made by the relative velocity that is the in this direction the blade is moving that is the one so this makes the same angle with that the blade at the inlet so therefore this is the velocity triangle at the inlet this is the absolute velocity at the inlet and this is the whirling component or the blade velocity this is the blade velocity rather I will tell this is the blade velocity now another thing is very important the inlet and outlet of the fluid rather you see here takes place in such a way that the inlet and outlet do not vary in the radial location from the axis of rotation so therefore the velocity triangle is shown at a mean height so that inlet and outlet which is varying with their axial location not in the radial location so this is this diagram is made at the mean height of the pump that means at a mean radius at a mean radius that means this is the axis of rotation so the radius varies from this place this is the half radius that is the root of the impeller blade and this is the tip radius so this is made at the mean radius and all the velocities are therefore considered to be mean if there is any variation along the radial direction so therefore we consider this as the mean velocity or some average velocity in the average velocity where if there is any variation in the radial direction so therefore we see the outlet diagram here now when it comes out this is the absolute velocity coming out from the impeller blade this is the relative velocity so which is gliding out of the blade and we see this is the blade velocity at the outlet and since the inlet and outlet at the same radial location so u2 is equal to u1 u1 is equal to u2 so therefore we see this is the vw2 vw sorry vw1 the whirling component of velocity at the inlet and similarly this part is the whirling component of velocity at the outlet and this is the axial velocity because this is the axial direction va1 and va2 at the outlet and the design is made in such a way that va1 is va2 now we can write that the energy imparted to the fluid in the impeller blade per unit mass can be written as from our earlier discussion as written as vw1 u1 minus vw2 u2 rather this is with a negative sign with a negative sign with a negative sign because this is more than this or we can write is equal to this is the energy imparted to the fluid if we tell vw1 times the u1 or u2 simply we write u1 is equal to u2 is equal to so this is the amount of energy imparted to the fluid per unit mass so mass flow rate m dot can be expressed as the density times the average axial velocity which is known as the flow velocity is either va1 or va2 they are same in the design times the area that is pi r t square minus r h square where rt is the root diameter and root radius rather rh is the hub radius that means if you see that that this is the root radius and this is the tip radius so this is the hub radius this is the tip radius root rh that is the hub radius that is the tip radius so impeller tip so this is the tip radius and this is the root rh so this is the average axial velocity or flow velocity so this way we can find out the mass flow rate which when multiplied with that will give the power that is being transferred to the fluid minute passes through the impeller blade. Now, this is the outlet guide vane as I have told you earlier the purpose of this outlet guide vane is to reduce the whirling component of velocity here you see at the inlet to this blade is the velocity v 2 which is the absolute velocity from the moving impeller blade and it has got a whirling component of velocity of this much. So, this is being reduced that depends upon the shape of the blade so that at the outlet the fluid which is coming out with the velocity v 3 which is the discharge velocity where the whirling component is almost reduced. So, this velocity is almost axial this component is reduced. So, you understand very well this component is reduced. So, velocity is almost axial. So, this alpha 3 represents the angle with the axis which is almost 0. So, it is almost an axial discharge here alpha 2 represent the angle of the absolute velocity that makes with the tangential direction the direction of blade motion. Similarly, this is alpha 1 in the inlet velocity triangles this is beta 1 that is the velocity of relative velocity angle of the relative velocity with the tangential direction. Similarly, this is beta 2. So, beta 1 and beta 2 are the blade inlet and outlet angles for a smooth chocolate flow well. So, this is the blade diagram and we can find out the energy or power imparted to the fluid in a in the impeller blade of an axial pump. Now, obviously as you know in case of an axial flow machine for axial flow turbine the specific speed in case of an axial flow turbine was more that means axial flow machines the head developed will be less and the flow is more similar the case in similar the case is with axial flow pump. So, in axial flow pump the head develops a relatively lower or smaller rather the flow rate or flow delivered is higher as compared to a centrifugal pump centrifugal form develops more head the low flow whereas, an axial flow pump develops low head, but more flow in other word the specific speed as you know the specific speed the definition specific speed of pump if you recall the specific speed of pump dimensional specific speed n q to the power half h to the power 3 by 4. So, specific speed for an axial flow pump is high that means it compared to that of a centrifugal pump that means it handles more flow, but at a lower head relative to a centrifugal pump well now after this I will solve an interesting example before closing this lecture please see that example we will solve this problem is a very interesting problem calculate the least diameter of a centrifugal pump to just start delivering water to a height of 30 meter if the inside diameter of impeller is half of the outside diameter and the manometric efficiency is 0.8 the pump runs at 1000 rpm again I am reading calculate the least diameter of a centrifugal pump we have to find out the least diameter of a centrifugal pump to just start delivering water to a height of 30 meter this is the static head of the pump and the other condition is that the inside diameter of impeller is half the outside diameter and the manometric efficiency is 0.8 the pump runs at 1000 rpm ok well just before this problem I like to inform you another data which I have forgotten to tell you just I have remember here if you please excuse me that you must know this that number of impeller blades in an axial flow turbine usually lies between 2 to 8 the number of blades number of blades number of blades impeller blades number of here impeller blades and the ratio of the half to tip radius that means r h r t varies between 0.3 to 0.6 this two are very important design information well so now again coming back to the example of this problem example problem the pump runs at 1000 rpm that means if a pump has to start to lift a water to a head of 30 meter the pump cannot start without a minimum diameter calculate the minimum diameter that means the impeller diameter we will have to calculate if the pump runs if the rpm is fixed so pump diameter has to be there is has to be a minimum diameter below which the pump cannot start working that means this lift of 30 meter is not possible so how to solve this problem now as you know if you recollect that the head developed by the pump to the fluid in case of a pump that head developed by the pump to the fluid is given by v 1 that is head means energy developed per unit weight energy per unit weight to be given to the fluid can be written as v 2 square minus v 1 square by 2 g if you recollect plus u 2 square minus u 1 square by 2 g plus v r 1 square minus so for any turbo machine this is the total energy transfer between the machine and the fluid for a pump this is the energy per unit weight that is the head energy per unit weight that has to be developed by the pump or that has been imparted by the pump to the fluid now as you know if you can recall this is the kinetic head or kinetic energy this is the kinetic head developed or imparted to the fluid and this part is the pressure head pressure head so this part of the pressure head is due to the change in the centrifugal head because the fluid is displaced in its position in a centrifugal force field from one radial location to other radial location that is u 2 is the final one that is the outlet u 2 square minus u 1 square by 2 g u 2 is always more than u 1 because the flow is radially outward and this one is the change in the relative velocity usually in a pump the relative velocity v r at 1 at the inlet is more than that at the outlet so therefore the relative velocity of the liquid while flowing through the pump impeller is reduced so because of this reduction in the relative velocity there is an increase in the pressure so this part is the gain in the pressure energy because of a reduction in the relative velocity according to Bernoulli's theorem there is a gain in the pressure energy so these two part combined gives the pressure head now when a pump just starts working then at that moment we can neglect these two parts because the velocity has not yet been established so at the start at the onset of the start the pump has to develop only the centrifugal head so therefore in this problem we will equate that the pump dimension should be such and its rotational speed should be such that at the start the centrifugal head is the only head that is being developed while these two terms are zero that must be sufficient one to overcome the friction and the static lift that means this must be equal to the static lift hs divided by the manometric efficiency this is very important thing so in our problem so if we do so we see that u2 square minus u1 square by 2g according to the problem it is given that 30 meter is the static lift divided by point t now according to the problem the impeller diameter inner diameter is half of the outer diameter that means you can write that u2 by u1 is d2 by d1 diameter where d2 is the impeller diameter or the outside diameter of the impeller blade and d1 is the inside diameter of the impeller blade so d2 by d1 is 2 given so u2 by u1 is 2 u2 is the velocity blade velocity impeller blade velocity at the outlet impeller blade velocity at the inlet so therefore we can write u1 is half u2 so if you substitute this then we get u2 square minus half u2 whole square divided by 2g very simple 30 0.8 which from which you get 3 by 8 1 fourth 1 minus g u2 square is 30 by 0.8 which gives u2 is equal to root over 8 into g is 9.81 into 30 divided by 3 into 0.8 under root which will be if you calculate 31.32 meter per second now if we use this then we can find out the diameter we know that relationship between rotational speed with the linear speed of the impeller diameter which will be if you calculate 31.32 meter per second now if we use this then we can find out the diameter we know that relationship between rotational speed with the linear speed is like that where n is expressed in revolution per minute so by 60 per second pi d2 so this becomes u2 here if you use this pi into d2 into revolution n or in rpm it is given 1000 in the problem now next part is simple u2 which is equal to 31.32 meter rest part is simple which gives d2 is 0.6 meter so this is a very interesting problem that a pump therefore this is the most interesting information is this so therefore for a pump of given dimensions there should be a minimum rotational speed for pump to start against a static lift with a manometric efficiency or for a given rotational speed the pump must have a minimum diameter impeller diameter for it to start well so today I think this is all alright we have completed the axial flow pump and we have solved an interesting problem today next class we will start the reciprocating pump ok thank you


Greetings, Dr. B, how are you doing? Greetings, greetings. Mick Silva, chichou question. Have you ever dealt with cancer of a loved one? Yes, I only asked because I'm practically begging for any advice as my father was diagnosed with advanced lung and liver cancer this week. They gave him three months possibly extended with chemo. So my world has been turned upside down. Mick Silva, look, my brother passed away of cancer and that was when I was in my early mid-20s. So he passed away when he was my older brother, two years difference. He passed away when he was 26 years old. Heavy, heavy, heavy, heavy. You're about to go through some huge, humongous, humongous changes. It'll shatter you. It'll shatter your family. You have to be able to let the explosion explode. But let the noise disappear. Really stay focused on the individual within the family. Realize that there are people you care about that will be a part of your life forever, no matter what. So be very kind. Be careful with your words. Make sure everyone understands that you care for each other and you're in this battle together. Whatever the doctors tell you, take with a grain of salt, do your own research. There is a thing that I can tell you about dealing with this type of situation. Regular medical treatments can extend life. They can also, at the same time, not only not extend life but make whatever life you have left miserable, right? Because radiation and chemotherapy have serious side effects. Radiation more than chemotherapy. Well, it depends type of radiation you have. So just be aware that this is a hurricane that has come to you and the only thing you can hang on to is your family. Forget about finances in large part. Take whatever I'm saying with a grain of salt. If you have more questions, let me know. I'm just letting you know that things are about to shift dramatically. Do the right thing. Don't have regrets. If your family needs you there, be there for them. Realize that when it's said and done, make sure you can look back at this time with pride. Okay, and let me find your video I put out. Let me find this. Hold on, chicho, how to deal with grief. Now, this is in relation. I put out a video in, I don't know when this was, I put out a video in 2016. Some advice for those who have lost loved ones. And I realize you guys just got diagnosed. No one's passed away or anything like this. But this is something that I decided to share, which I thought was important to share. Okay, so watch this video. There are some advice there regarding what you're going to go through right now and whatnot. If you have any more questions, come to our discord or just message me. Okay, I'm sorry to hear about your thanks, Ripper. Peace and love to both. Peace and love to everyone. Thanks, Ripper. It was one of the worst things to happen. And one of the most important things to happen in my life. If at the time, the most important thing that had happened in my life, it's on the same category as every other of the important things that's happened in my life. There's only a handful of the most important things that have happened in my life. But I learned a lot from there. Really empowering. Once you get hit so hard, and you come back from that, man, you can't be hit that hard again. You can, but you can take it, right? And even if you fall down, you come back a lot more stronger and a lot faster. So take it as it is. It's life. You have to deal with it. I heard CBD oil does wonders for cancer patients. Yes, Anuj. And by the way, Mick, CBD oils, cannabis for controlling if there's radiation chemotherapy, nausea, increasing appetite, making sure you get sleep and stuff like this. Look into cannabis. If you're going to go down that road of conventional treatments, then cannabis has to be... Look, I've looked into this enough. It has to be one, everything else that's built on it has to be cannabis as the foundation of it. It has to be. But again, take everything I say with a grain of salt. I'm scrolling down again. I've always tried to be there, but now I realize all we ever have that are truly special to us is moments and memories. So I'm staying strong from my mother and brother. I always had discussions with myself in the past, imagining the future without my parents, but I shut that out because it has just seemed like an impossible circumstance. Just so lost. I appreciate your words and everything here. Thank you. I'll be sure to check the video. I've been looking for elsewhere for support as I don't want to add more worry into my mother, etc. Awesome, Silva. I'd take care of brother. Okay. Vasta, Mick. Vast majority of anecdotal empirical evidence I've read tonight about cannabis, CBD oil, etc. have all been incredibly positive, which frustrates me even more due to the fact it's still illegal here. Mick, I agree with you. And for me, one of the reasons that I'm such a huge advocate of ending prohibition is because at the time when my brother was going through chemotherapy and radiation and stuff like this, they were giving him what do you call it, steroids and stuff like this to control the nausea and sleeping, hallucinogenic. They were giving him pharmaceuticals up the yin and yin, but cannabis was not available. And even though I knew about cannabis, I wasn't aware of the benefits of cannabis. It was all hush-hush, right?  Anyone that says prohibition is a good thing.  Support prohibition and I'll spit on your face, right? Ignorant people. The only thing I didn't figure out is what the best way to do it would be in this situation. Smoke or put it in a food tea or just stick with the CBD oil. As you mentioned steroids too for nausea, that's what they're going to put him on, along with sleeping tablets and more pills of which some I can't even read or know anything about. Mick, be careful with the steroids. It'll increase the ones that I know of. It balloon the person using them, right? So increase the weight so they become less mobile and heavy and stuff like this. Cannabis can provide a lot of the effects that a lot of these pharmaceuticals, including the steroids, will have. So be careful. As the best form of consuming, it really depends on your father. I would say stay away from the edibles until unless you have a perfect recipe where you can dose properly. Okay.


Wahoo, Cyclops or Tacx or Tacx. I still can't quite figure that one out. What are the differences between these smart trainers? Personally Did you jump up? I don't have much of an idea, but the gentleman I was with yesterday, his name's Gabe Sullans He's the owner of Cannondale dealer base here in Melbourne, Urban Peddler, 20 plus years of industry experience and the official dealer to a number of these smart trainers He kindly walked us through the different functions and features of the Wahoo, the Tacx and also the Cyclops Now for the first seven minutes We walk through the different functions and features of these different smart trainers And if you want to go deep on flywheels for the last three minutes, Gabe explains the impact fly Impact flywheels have on overall ride quality on these machines. Hope you enjoy this video But whilst I'm here, can you explain to me the difference between All these trainers that you've got here the Wahoo, the Cyclops and the is it the is it Tacx or Tacx? Tacx, I believe is the main thing. I've heard it pronounced both ways But some of the some of the main things and really I think what we want to talk about is the ones that people are talking about today The most popular ones are the direct drives So those are ones where the the bike Attaches to the trainer and you can see that the rear wheel is taken off and there's a cassette mounted onto the trainer Now one of the main benefits of that is the whole thing is lower if you've used a traditional trainer in the past It's really tall to get up and over it Because it's everything sitting higher because the rear wheel is rubbing on the drum So when we're talking about just the direct drive units Now we've got some of the most popular models here and we'll we'll go in price order We'll start with the Tacx flux Now the flux is it's a it's a solid trainer. It's got a traditional flywheel on it 1099 1099 Now um It is direct drive and it has a lot of the the main features that everyone's looking for in a smart trainer It is also more one of the more popular ones because of the price Now it uses a traditional flywheel and that's important when we get to the neo We'll kind of talk a little bit about that Now going up in price. We're talking about the next the kicker is probably Overall, I think has really got the most popularity on the market It's definitely the one the brand that people recognize the most They really owned very very early on they owned the whole smart trainer idea and they I don't I can't tell you if they were the first but they were the first that I remember And and I was around when it was happening So the the neat thing about the wahu is they've worked with a lot of the the app developers And they were first to go in and work was whipped and some of the other ones So that when you're using their their trainer with the apps, you'll find that they're seamless Almost every one of them is seamless Now the the hammer was kind of a latecomer and you'll notice that they had a couple rough edges and I believe That's the cyclops It's called the hammer now one of the neat things about the hammer is it's really easy to fold up so Pull that you do the other side and it's got a handle built in Now if you are in a house where you have to put up your trainer if you use it every time that is an extremely important feature It's one of the more quiet ones as well. So The the hammer is a solid one I've had this in my house for the last six months and have been using it and it has been one of my favorites It's also Very easy to change the axle caps on here for through axles So if you want to put a mountain bike or a road bike that has through axles These caps unscrew literally with your hand So you don't need any crazy tools and you've got a little bag of adapters that comes with the trainer It's not and that honestly, I'll tell you if you have a road bike with through axles And or you have a mountain bike with through axle that you want to use one of maybe has boost And that's those are all issues And we're talking about different axle lengths and caps that you need to work with So all of those caps come in the box and you just unscrew them with your hands and put them on and put the through axle through That comes with your bike. So the as far as compatibility with disc brakes and through axles This is definitely a win. My road bike has a through axle and disc brakes And I have had issues with some of the other trainers in compatibility So I found this one very very easy to use Um, I also currently don't have the luxury of leaving my trainer out all the time And I have to put it up after every use You don't want to decide to get on the trainer and 30 minutes later you're on it after setting everything up. It's got to be quick So I that's one of the things that I really liked about this one. This is 1649 Yep So, um The the wahoo is 1599. So these are pretty close in price The wahoo does fold up pretty easily But I just The name of this one This is the one that's I'm actually trading out the hammer this week and going for the wahoo because we've just recently become a wahoo dealer and uh, this one I'm going to give a good run over the next few months Reliability and the name out there. That's definitely top Now the last one on the list is the neo Now The neo is unique in that it uses a virtual flywheel So if you notice most of the trainers have what looks to be the drive system and then A pulley system that drives a big flywheel and it's spinning that flywheel up It gives you the feeling of accelerating and then when you Decide to stop pedaling it coasts down slowly and that's that flywheel continuing to spin The neo uses a virtual flywheel So it's actually using a computer controlled motor to drive that rear end So if you decide to stop pedaling it figures. Well you weigh 80 kilos. You're on a 7 gradient You should be able to coast at this speed and it'll actually drive the speed up So the virtual flywheel matches your weight of acceleration and deceleration closer to your weight more than a Fixed flywheel on all the other trainers And then it has the downhill drive which actually will drive it when you're coasting Now that affects your riding in the realism of your riding a little bit You don't really notice it until you try Trainer like that. So I'd say it just takes the realism one step further on the neo But it's also the most expensive of this bunch. So that is 1899 for the neo Now the neo none of the other trainers come with cassettes and that's one thing It's a need about the wahoo. It comes with a cassette an 11 speed cassette already mounted on it Which I'd say 90 of the people that we sell trainers to have 11 speed bikes And so you're gonna buy you're gonna buy cassette if you buy one of the trainers Yeah, you buy it usually you get a trainer and then if you want to use your heart rate monitor and you want to use Your cadence sensor then to get that data in you need an ant plus antenna So a little dongle that goes into your laptop. So there are little things you've got to figure out That that you've got to add on and then you get into the accessories and things like that too But that that cassette is one of the neater ones having that in the box for 1599 What's so what's your most popular? Right now it's the wahoo by far. It's taken off like a like a fire with us and that Being the ones that really got into the smart trainers first and they've owned it And it's we've been waiting four years to become a dealer So we're now a dealer and we've I think we've run through like six of them in the last week So yeah, it's definitely working the best for us All right, so the compression and expansion of the longitudinal waves cause the erratic oscillation You can see it there of the neighboring particle.  Yeah, so These trainers use a flywheel to offset the body weight of the rider So if you're a heavy rider flywheel is the flywheel on the wahoo, I think it's I think it's this piece here. It's really dense and heavy might even be lead I don't know what they make out of it, but if you look on the hammer You've got Something that's heavy underneath this shroud and that's what takes a little while to spin up Right and that's on all your trainers You have something heavy that it takes a little while to spin up and a little while to spin down And that's what gives you that sense of realism on these trainers But the If you are a heavy weight rider Then that flywheel is not big enough to offset your body weight to make it realistic Because a heavy weight rider should take longer to accelerate 90 plus kilos that little flywheel is nothing So zoom you just spin up to speed super quick on the sit on if you're using Zwift Or whatever you'll notice it's really easier than it would be in the real world And then a big heavy rider a 90 kilo rider when they let off the gas and start to coast They have more momentum and they can go longer But a lightweight flywheel relative to their weight would spin down more quickly than it would be for their weight Okay, does that make sense? Okay, so if you have a heavy flywheel It's good for riders that are heavier riders and a lighter flywheel would benefit lighter riders Well, all of these trainers come with one flywheel and if you look and you dig in dig into the specs You can actually find the weight of the flywheel Or the virtual weight of the flywheel how many kilograms it's meant to offset and they're not the same And then if you get into one of the advantage one of the tech advantages that the tax neo has is it uses a virtual flywheel So from your profile when you've logged into a program it knows how many kilograms you weigh And then it's knowing the gradient that you're riding on so it adjusts The sensitivity of that flywheel to your body weight. So it makes it more realistic It doesn't have a flywheel. It's what is it? It's using a combination of a motor and its resistance To make it feel more realistic to you. So it's computer controlled using a motor And basically if you're a 90 kilogram rider and you're riding a neo It'll take longer to wind up just like it would in in real life But you'll also coast longer when you let off the gas like you would in real life And if you're if you log in and you're a 60 kilo rider Then that flywheel virtual flywheel will be adjusted according to your weight and be more realistic for you So that's a tech advantage when you get the top of the line trainer But most people are fall into the average range and the flywheel feels fine But it is just a little thing that goes towards making it more realistic and when it's more realistic It's more engaging and when it's more engaging you're more likely to enjoy it and do it more often So every little feature that these companies are adding as they keep doing New improved versions of their trainers. It's all towards making it more realistic so that you can really Thoroughly enjoy and immerse yourself in the experience of the indoor ride Thank you


Some of SA's favourite seafood is under pressure, so that's why I'm taking the same dish new fish challenge. And today, I'm cooking sand crab in this beautiful crab-on-white. My biggest tip when cooking crab is not to overcook it. If you overcook it, it will go really firm and fibrous, which will be really nice and delicate and opaque in colour. I want to see everyone sharing their dishes using the hashtag and let's take the same dish new fish challenge today.