Hey everyone and welcome back. It's another week over with. Where are these weeks going? These weeks are going too fast already. Stop it. So this week's been really strange. I've been at uni twice. Two days. Tuesday, Wednesday. That's it. But I picked up a shift on Monday. So I worked Monday. I mean, worked today. Today's Friday. And Thursday I had a mixture of things. I had some training up at the QE. And then I had a couple of meetings. And it was a bit of a bitty day, like really full on. But it was a nice day. So it was all right. I can't complain. So let's start with Tuesday. So Tuesday we had a day of policy and politics. I want to say it went good, but it went bad at the same time. So as you know, I have done my assignment. And I was crossing my fingers to make sure I hadn't done anything wrong. And in the morning lecture, they sort of said a few things. And I thought, I'm going to have to change my assignment. Luckily, I don't have to change all of my assignment. But there is a section that I'm going to completely remove and just adjust and change and put something else instead. So yeah, I want to make sure I get the high marks guys for this one. So I'm doing everything possible I can to do that. So yeah, it's a little bit of work, but I shouldn't take that long. I don't think I just need to adjust some things. And then after I've done that, I can read it through, polish it, perfect it, ready for submission in April. Come on. And then the second session we had, we had with is a guy called Mike Adams, who's the head of the RCN West Midlands section. And he's fantastic. He used to be a lecturer at BCU. And he did teachers back when I was a first year. And then he left. And then he's gone to the RCN. So it was really, really nice to see him back and given us a talk. And he was speaking about leadership as a nurse and how we can incorporate that for our patients and be a better person basically. And then Wednesday, as you all know, I love physiology. So I was really excited for Wednesday session. We were in 12 to five. And I thought, yes, I'm looking forward to this. We've got on UK study, which is Betty, who's got acute coronary syndrome slash a blocked coronary artery on the left side of her heart, causing a lot of problems for Betty. And we have to fix it. Basically. And to be honest, in the lectures, I was thinking, yeah, I know this, I know this, actually everything's sinking in from the previous case studies, it's all linking and making sense. But there's other things with Betty that are really tricky. And I don't like this Betty girl. She's coming in with a lot of problems and really complicated things that you have to think about the wider picture, not just her heart. And she's got she's got things like acute kidney injury going on, her kidneys are like 50 minus 50% working and functioning and medication she's on that's helping the heart is actually a nephrotoxic drug that's causing even more kidney damage. And my mind's blown. I just after the day, I was just like, can't go but I can't go with all these case studies.  Obviously it's not that easy. I wish it was that easy to just fix a patient and let them go. But Betty is going to be a tricky one. I'm hoping I'm not going to have her for our exam because I think she's actually going to be the hardest. I was there thinking the liver is going to be the hardest, but actually Betty is so complicated. I don't think I want her. I think I might be happy with liver. So, but we'll see. I'm praying because COPD is my favorite. I understand it. I love it. I can talk about it in an exam. I think to a good enough mark where I can pass. And I'm not sure about the other two right now. And now that's just thrown me. Betty has thrown me because I was thinking Betty was going to be easy. And she's not. But we'll see. We've still got after Betty, we've got another case study to do, which is neurological injury. So we'll see how that one is. And if that one's not good, then and I hope I'm hoping that all this is going to link and it's all going to sink in and everything that we're learning, I'm going to remember in the exam. I don't know if I've said this yet, but we've got four case studies that we're doing. And at the end, they're going to tell us which two. So we get to pick one or the other, but they're going to narrow it down to just two case studies. So at the minute, I only like one out of three. So it's not looking good for me. I'm just praying that one of them COPD, please, because it's going to be horrendous. But you know what? We need to keep positive. I can do this. And it's only because I'm fearing the unknown. And then exams only easy if you know what you're talking about, right? And you know what the case study is and you know what the function of the body is. It's going to be easy if you know it. And I don't know it unless I learn it. So I need to be on the ball and need to get revised in Betty and her coronary artery problems that she's got going on. Ah, yeah. So we'll see. And then Thursday, as I said, I had training up at the QE hospital and this was our yearly refresher mandatory training that I've been going to for five years now. And to be honest, I wasn't looking forward to it as much as I love training and love knowledge and things like that. But for the past four years, it's been the same fire training, the same PowerPoint presentation, the same guy doing it, the same speech. And I could probably give the session myself because I know it inside out now, this fire training. So I went in with the thought that it's going to be the same one that I've got to listen to. Why aren't they updating this thing? And you know what? I was wrong. I was wrong. I went in there. It was a lady and it was a brand new PowerPoint. And I was like, I was so excited to be wrong. I was like, yes, thank you. There is a Lord out there that's listening to me, telling them that they need to update this fire training. So it was really interesting. And I actually found out a few things I didn't know before. So I didn't know that fire doors, and did you know? Let me know. Fire doors cost £3,000, £3,000. And you see people on the wards with their hospital beds, with the wheelchairs just bashing through them, damaging these fire doors, which is then costing the NHS £3,000. And okay, it's not coming out my pocket. So why am I annoyed? But I just thought, do you know what? No wonder. We've got no funding because it's probably all going on these fire doors. And that really shocked me. I thought, wow, £3,000 and people really don't look after fire doors. And then also another thing on the fire doors, there'll be a round circle, a little metal circle with an engraving with a number on it and some letters on it. And that number will be like a 30, 60, 90. And that's actually how many minutes that fire door, that's how much time you've got between you and the fire. So usually it's 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes. But that actually tells you how long you have. Didn't know that before. Amazing. Then my third point, you probably already know this and I'm really sorry if you know this and I'm just providing you with new information, but I didn't know this before. This is really amazing to me.  I don't actually know what the material is, but there's this strip and then there's a fluffy bit around it in between the doors. And that's actually the part that saves your life. So that when the doors closed it sort of interlinks with each other and it stops the smoke from coming through.  And then it's actually the heat that activates that strip inside, which then foams to provide a tight seal in between the doors. So there'll be no gap at all. And that's the other thing that saves your life. It stops the smoke from coming through. And if you are working in the NHS, if you're working in a health care system and you're looking at fire doors and you see any form of damage and you see that strip is damaged, please report it to everybody that you can find. Report it because that little gap is going to let the smoke through. It's completely made the door irrelevant and it's not going to save your life anymore. So please, if you do see something like that, report it. I know I'm going to be reporting it now.  I'm going to save lives. So yeah, so that really amazed me and I just wanted to pass on that bit of knowledge because if you don't know that and you're seeing this happen out there and you're seeing people barge through jaws or holding them over from the fire extinguishers which they should not be doing, please close them behind you and just report it because it can, when you think about it, you're going to be saving somebody's life if there was a fire. So have a think about it and that I took away so much and I was pleasantly surprised with that, that really made my day. So thank you for not being the same PowerPoint presentation and thank you for teaching me something. And then after that I had my first meeting with Electric University who is fantastic. I really, I love her. I've got so much time for her. She's fantastic with students. She's amazing but we are going to the RCN event. In March we've got an RCN event and we're going to be having a stall and a poster sort of presentation thing that we're doing all about the student experience at university and how doing extracurricular activities, things like the Snowden challenge that we done. If you haven't seen it go back and see it, it's hilarious to watch. Things like that and how actually it builds us and the communication skills and the teamwork skills and how we can take that forward as a qualified nurse and doing extracurricular activities. Actually builds you and helps you grow for that nurse position in the future if that makes sense. So we are just creating that at the minute. Hopefully it's going to be amazing and we do really well and I'm actually really excited. Really looking forward to it in March. I will vlog it. I will show you what it's all about near the time. So today I have my work. I'm going to work in a minute. I just need to have my breakfast and my teeth really early. I know that's why I look a bit drained and tired. Tomorrow guys, tomorrow I've got a whole vlog for you. A whole new vlog and it's going to be amazing. I don't know if you've seen these or you might have already been to the vivid experience which is like a fake postmortem sort of setup. They use pig organs and different organs from animals and things to do like a postmortem and it's really good learning experience to figure out the body and how it works. It's a whole day session 10-3. I'm really excited for it and I'm vlogging all about it for the university and for you guys so you can see what happens there. If you want to see that, if you don't want to see that, don't watch it please. Don't be offended by anything you see in my videos. Don't watch it. Just don't. But it's going to be amazing. I keep seeing people's posts on Twitter and Facebook and I've wanted to go to this for ages. A little bit pricey so I haven't paid for it and I've been waiting for this opportunity to go and vlog and do it. So now's my time. So look forward to that. I'm going to post that probably next Wednesday maybe or Thursday. Look out for that video. It's going to be amazing. I've got work on Sunday and I haven't got a day off pretty much this week. I've got actually I've got Monday off. I've got Monday off which I'm going to take to do my vlogs and hopefully get them uploaded and posted Wednesday but we'll see. But anyway have a great week guys. Have a great Sunday whatever you're doing. Have a great day. I'm going to be at work right now when you're watching this probably so yeah I'm having a great time. So yeah so thank you as always for watching and I shall see you next week.


Zero Emission Cities Current advances in materials technology, renewable energy systems and building design offers the promise of zero emission cities in the future. By using new high-tech materials and a little town planning, it is hoped that we can build these cities to be clean and green, as well as self-sufficient for food and water. We ask people, what excites you, what frightens you, and how will it change the way you live? These were some of their responses. How much work is being done to look at the unintended consequences of building zero emission cities? The innovation required to implement such change would be enormous to say the least, and changing our thinking on cities would have enormous technological, social, economic and political implications. It sometimes seems that those promoting new technologies have deeper pockets and greater motivations than those making the critical assessments. For instance, the high-tech materials that would be used for the construction of the new buildings, air and water filtration systems, as well as energy capture, would likely be composed of nanomaterials. But who can we trust to make sure as a society we will not experience a health or environmental risk to the exposure of these nanomaterials? Governments, NGOs and researchers are now coming together to look beyond the minimum protections that current regulations require and ensure that we map as many of the potential consequences as possible. For example, there is currently a lot of work being done into mapping the life cycle of a nanoparticle to investigate the potential health and environmental risks. Corporations too must engage with these organisations, meaningfully to determine the level of risk that their products represent, or they may be liable for damages in the future. Does creating these cities remove us further from our connection with the natural environment? Self-sufficient cities will represent a major shift in the way we produce food for urban systems and would likely rely on genetically modified rooftop gardens as the source of supply. Does this represent the removal of a link to traditional agriculture? And does it really make sense to move from these natural systems to a high-tech urban one? In answering these questions, we might consider that our current systems are capable of producing over 2kg of food a day for every person on the planet, but over 40% of this goes to waste. Perhaps we need to look beyond the technology of the zero-emission city and ask the people living in it for the answers. What do you think?


Now, let me come to some familiar examples of Pley algebra. Are you all fine? I think many things are known to you in some pattern I am just only fixing the notations. That way you will start not getting scared with the notations. When you see an S o n or an S o n comma m in any book you will not get scared. Oh, I do not know this you will not see. Yeah. Take a two dimensional complex vector space. Till now I was trying to look at only a real vector space. Let us go to a two dimensional complex vector space ok. Then you can have matrices which are linear operators operating on this two dimensional complex vector space. What should be the dimensions of those matrices? 2 cross 2 matrices, but the entries can be complex now ok. How many independent real entries are possible in a 2 cross 2 matrices? 8 elements right 2 n cross 2 n. So, you will have 8 2 n 2 n squared elements. So, there will be 8 independent real elements possible ok. So, now you can try and look at what are the generators for such set of 2 cross 2 matrices with complex entries.  So, that complex vector space is put in here on the side as g l 2 c. So, I told you that whenever I am looking at le algebra I will use small letters. So, g l and 2 comma c. Just like you write basis states you can write 4 such basis states, but you have to remember that you have to multiply with coefficients which are complex coefficients. Instead you can also write 8 basis states with similar thing multiplied with an i fact. And there will be 8 basis states for the algebra which corresponds to 2 cross 2 matrices with complex entries. So, what do I mean by basis states? Any arbitrary transformation you can write it as a linear combination of these basis states. This is what you have done at some point in quantum mechanics, but as of now I am trying to tell you that it is these 4 and again you can multiply with i factor and say that it is an 8 dimensional real vector space a set of linear operators or 4 dimensional complex vector space. Take it as 4 dimensional complex vector space you denote it by g l 2 comma c. Subalgebra of g l 2 c you can look at a subset over on top of this general 2 cross 2 matrices with complex entries you add some constraints traceless and it should be hermitian. Somewhere it rings the bell you use the traceless and hermitian poly matrices, but I am not doing that here I am just trying to put in why is traceless gets the letter s do you know? Remember your rotations. If I say SO 3 rotations and if you want to write this SO 3 rotation as exponential of i times something you have to see what condition determinant equal to plus 1 imply on the trace of the matrix. So, if I say e to the power of i g if I say determinant of this this is the group element g is the element of the Lie algebra. If I want this to be plus 1 this can be rewritten as these are acting on arbitrary vector space right. You can always find that this is equivalent to writing it as. So, the generators which constitute the algebra if it is traceless the exponential of those generators which gives you the group element will be having determinant plus 1 correct. Trace g equal to 0 implies determinant of e to the i g equal to plus 1 and this is the group element ok. Group element I will denote it by here I will denote this group element by SL and if it is acting on NC and these g's are elements of small SL NC ok. That is the notation we follow Lie algebra elements are given by small letters and group elements are got by exponentiating the Lie algebra elements and they have to satisfy if it belongs to special this L for linear S for special g is for general if it does not satisfy this then you will call it GLN's ok. So, all your SO 3 is a subgroup of O 3. Similarly, GLNC to start with Lie algebra will have a subalgebra which is SL NC because GLNC can have determinant plus 1 or minus 1 SL NC has to have determinant plus 1 the S denotes determinant has to be plus 1 and arbitrary elements which I write here in the Lie algebra is traceless and hermitian. So, you will see how many independent elements you can write you can show that because you are going to be on a complex space the coefficients will be complex there will be three independent elements A is 1 real Z does 2 real, but then you multiply with coefficients which are again complex which is real and imaginary. In principle it is a three dimensional complex vector space or it will be six dimensional real space just like what I said for GLNC. GLNC was a four dimensional complex vector space or eight dimensional real vector space same thing for SL NC. If you constraint that the coefficients have to be real which is what you will do when you do exponential of i theta orthogonal groups have real entries right. Similarly, if you constraint that you want the coefficients to be real then it will again be again a subalgebra of SL 2C you agree.  So, this is going to be a subalgebra of SL 2C. So, set of real Hermitian traceless matrices forms a subalgebra and that subalgebra is sitting on a this is a tower each one is a subalgebra of ok. This is the broader one you have to have all the matrices with determinant nonzero why nonzero should be invertible, but you will have various subalgebras and exponentiating the generators of these Lie algebras will give you the corresponding groups. This SU 2 which you have been extensively using you call it as an angular momentum algebra is not very different from your orbital angular momentum algebra, but this was introduced because the Stern-Gerlach experiment showed that you either have a up state or a down state which is a two dimensional vector space correct and you needed the generators acting on a two dimensional vector space. So, this is why you have the SU 2 naturally occurring to understand the two states two spin states seen in the Stern-Gerlach experiment. But as an algebra you will see that there is no difference between SU 2 spin angular momentum and SO 3 orbital angular momentum algebra you know this all of you know this ok which one SL 2 C, SL 2 C involves entries which are coefficients have to be C as well ok. So, what you can say is that you will have your sigma x sigma y sigma z and you will also have an i sigma x i sigma y i sigma z. So, this will be your six-dimensional, six-dimensional real vector space. So, but if you go here it will only be one subs not this clear. The basis states could have any coefficient, but then you have to also allow that the coefficients could be complex if you are looking at the group with complex entries and that will force you to basis state entries could have been complex to start with, but that is what happens in your poly matter. On top of it you also want your coefficients to be complex real and imaginary that will multiplied by a two factor if you are in SL NC SL 2 C, but if you go to SU 2 it only allows three octaves not the other factor here also I wrote the basis here basically I am saying 1 0 0 which I write I will also have a i 0 0 0. So, there will be eight of them coming I have not written the eight of them, but you can do it. So, that is why this will be a four-dimensional complex vector space or eight-dimensional real vector space. Now to your familiar world of angular momentum which is your belongs to a unitary group in quantum mechanics all your inner products should remain preserved that is why your time evolution as unitary you know all your transformations are all unitary is what you learn and you also know that such a unitary operator for the SU 2 algebra by SU 2 now you know that it is going to be the algebra involves Hermitian traceless matrices with determinant plus 1 and it should belong to real you know the entries have to be real the coefficient entries have to be real. You understand what I am saying if I write an arbitrary element x which belongs to the Lie algebra SU 2 small s small u 2 it means that it should be summation over of independent elements have to be this is real and then you have these poly matrices this is three-dimensional real vector space. So, three generators are required independently you can do it for just like I did for the orthogonal group you can define SU 2 as a group what is the meaning of SU 2 is 2 cross 2 matrices with u dagger u to be identity to denote determinant of u has to be plus 1 you could do it from the group point of u and find out how many independent elements are there which will define for you number of parameters number of parameters will define for you the number of generators and those number of generators should be there when I write any element of your Lie algebra which is also a vector space. So, what is this condition going to give you unitary means you can you can try and figure it out from this condition that to start with 2 cross 2 entries and determinant will make that to be traceless. So, just work this out and see how many independent elements are there ok. So, number of independent parameters I leave it you to check this you will see that it is only 3 you can work this out for SU 3 also ok. So, do that also now I am writing group. So, if I want to see the element how will I write here once I see three parameters and three generators I will write element u this u exponential of i theta dot these are the bases which are the three generators. So, theta dot sigma. So, this will be your group element of SU 2 which will when it operates on a two dimensional vector space A and B means linear combination what is this mean 1 0 is up spin 0 1 is down spin A B means A times up spin plus B times down spin what is supposed to do it should give you some new A prime and a B prime. So, this is what is the transformation on a two dimensional vector space and this one will be the I will know how to write this exponential. I am sure you would have done it as an exercise in your assignment in quantum mechanics right. Poly matrices have nice properties. So, coming back to the slide exponential of SU 2 Lie algebra generators for example, the three poly matrices are good generators for traceless Hermitian matrices. You do find that the group elements which is exponential of i theta dot sigma can be rewriteable as cos theta by 2 identity plus i n sigma sin theta by 2. How many of you have not done this? Anybody who has not done it except for one person whom can try it out later, but others you all done this right. So, this is what is the group elements which can be rewriteable in terms of sin theta and cos theta. Why am I doing this is mainly because I want to show the group elements, group parameter space. If you put theta to be 2 pi what happens? If you put theta to be 2 pi you get g of 2 pi in rotation when we did rotations. If you do a rotation by 2 pi it is equivalent to not doing any rotations, but if you do a rotation by 2 pi in this 2 dimensional spin vector space it gives you a negative sign, a negative sign. So, what does that mean? It means if you do a 4 pi rotation you will get back to identity. This is not new fermions are spin half particles, bosons are integer particles. When you exchange to fermions the wave function can pick up a sign. When you exchange to bosons the wave function does not pick up a sign. You all know this. This is what is nature's way of doing things and this is what happens. So, explicitly when you write and now tell me what will be the group manifold for SU 2. It is no longer a solid sphere of radius pi it better be a solid sphere of radius 2 pi going from minus 2 pi to plus 2 pi. E of 4 pi is always identity which means all the points on the boundary are all identified not diametrically opposite. So, that is the parameter space for your SU 2 group. So, let me stop here and


Elven Ice Campus in San Francisco. It's theCUBE, covering Apache SparkMaker Community Event brought to you by IBM. Now, here are your hosts, John Walls and George Gilbert. And welcome back to San Francisco as theCUBE continues our coverage here of the Apache SparkMaker Community Event. I'm John Walls along with George Gilbert and we're joined now by Seth Dobrin, who's the director of digital strategies for Monsanto. And we're going to be talking about some fascinating case studies, some work that you've done, Seth, at Monsanto. Thanks for joining us. Good to have you on theCUBE. Thanks for having me. I appreciate it. Yeah, first time. Before we get into what you guys are doing in terms of a wide variety of applications right now within your company with Spark, let's talk about just digital strategies in Monsanto. Your primary responsibility is pretty much, what's the umbrella there for you? Yeah, so my primary responsibilities now is the director of digital strategies is really helping Monsanto to define what it means for a company in agriculture to become digital. How do we operate differently as a company? How do we interact differently with our customers? And even just kind of basic, how do employees behave differently in a digital company and digital ag? And then thinking about how do we apply tools like data science to solve some previously intractable problems? Yeah, I love the fact that you're here, that Monsanto's here. I mean, just because you think about agriculture, right? And this agrarian society, we're back in the 17, 1800s and we all have this pretty old fashioned notion of ag. And here you are very much at the cutting edge and applying this tremendous technology. What are you, in general, what are you finding to be the big benefit or the big value in terms of applying this level of technology to the services that you provide your clients? Farmers, basically. Well, farmers and ourselves, right? So I think the biggest advantage of some of these newer technologies, once you put all these different open source platforms together, is really being able to address some questions that were just previously impossible, computationally impossible to address correctly in the past or even at all. So there are some problems around environment where we're trying to classify or better understand smaller environments around the world where you could not bring in things like weather and topography and different soil types and different levels of fertility in the soil on a meter by meter basis around the globe. With things like Spark, you can do that. We couldn't tackle genetic problems about really understanding our total pipeline which is composed of millions of individuals or nodes in our graph database and they have billions of relationships. And being able to understand the genetic relationship or to do a basic imputation problem on those families to be able to predict what the genetics of individuals that aren't genotype that we don't have genetic information are based on relatives that do. And this was on the stage. And if I can interrupt, when you're talking about individuals here, you're talking about seeds. Seeds, plants, I mean not people, but all the seeds that of course that you're providing and helping develop a higher caliber, higher yield kind of seeds. And it's actually more than we're helping to develop. So if our pipeline like a pharmaceutical pipeline has orders of magnitude more at the beginning in terms of numbers of entries that we have and then it does at the end. And so when we're talking about the beginning of our pipeline, we're talking about tens of millions of individuals that we look at every year to generate new products five years from now. And so the size of the pipeline is massive. And from a scientific perspective, I mean I'm a geneticist by training and from a scientific perspective, in fact I'm a human geneticist. We can do things in ag that you can even imagine being able to do in humans to understand problems, to do things like we're talking about here, leveraging these technologies to solve problems about how do you impute the genetic information about completely or very distantly related individuals, just the populations don't exist in human genetics. And we can create them. If you're using this incredibly rich representation of all these individuals in terms of plants that are manifested in the genomes of these seeds, like help us understand what that poor Russian, Greger Mendelev, when he was just like matching up peas or whatever it was, tell us how many orders of magnitude richer and faster you can solve these problems. Yeah, so I guess I'll tell you the difference in order of magnitude of the problem, right? So I'm gonna oversimplify this quite a bit, actually. So Greger Mendelev was looking at a single gene that represents a single trait, okay? And let's say we really care about in corn, we wanna maximize yield. And let's just, for the sake of argument, say that there's 20 genes that contribute to yield and there's actually many more than that. We don't even have a very accurate number, but we know there's many more than that. If you had 10 of each of those genes in two different plants and you wanted to create a single plant that had all 20 of those genes, you'd need to make about a billion different crosses. So I'd need to cross a billion different seed together in order to get one plant that had that combination of 10 genes, but it gets even worse, because to find that one in a billion plant, you actually need to plant about three trillion plants. This is, Greger would be doing this. He'd need to plant about three trillion plants. He'd be very busy for a long time, George. So how big is three trillion plants, right? So the corn belt, every year, there's about two to three trillion corn plants planted in the corn belt, which encompasses Nebraska to Indiana to Ohio. And so you'd need to walk that entire space and know what that plant looked like. But with leveraging molecular techniques and things like data science, right? In fact, leveraging data science and molecular techniques together, we can identify that plant in the lab from a seed and that we can put that seed in the ground and it'll grow. So you find out of the trillion, you can find the one by traversing this graph database using, I assume, Molecular markers. Yeah. And Spark is doing the analysis. Spark is doing the imputation because we don't have complete, so doing a DNA sequence of anything right now, that's about the same size as human, which corn is costs roughly about $1,000. And so we don't have all of these plants sequenced completely. But what we do have is we have some very high-density, some very deep sequencing done on some of them, and then we have others that have very shallow sequencing. So we'll sprinkle a few hundred markers here and there, so DNA markers. And then we'll use Spark to impute that whole genomic sequence down from those ones that we have that are completely sequenced and up, leveraging all the markers, and we can basically fill in the blanks and say with some level of confidence, this sequence matches this sequence, which has this observation. And so what Spark does, it takes all that information and it takes the observations that we have on all those plants from all of them, and it combines them together, and it says, we know if you have this combination of genes, this is the trait that you're gonna see manifest itself in the plant. And in what period of time? I mean, what kind of time frame are you talking about here? So we have DNA from plants, and we have observations from plants going back 60 years. And then I guess the question would be, when you do a run to try and figure out what's the one that's gonna have the highest yield? How long does that run take? Or is it not one run? So we did one run, and I don't recall how long it takes, but now we do just updates. So every time we have new data entry, it updates in near real time. And so as we make, so thinking about this graph database, those imputations actually feed back into this graph database. And if we find an error in the graph database and it gets corrected, it's gonna run back through that imputation engine and in near real time, it'll correct the mistake and it'll re-imput all of the genotypes that are related to that. That's a lot to wrap your head around. Yeah, right. I'm still, I'm just, I'm blown away by, you know, so I'm at two, three trillion combinations, basically. Manifestations of these, of this combination work. And in that, you can find the magic one, you know, because of this new technology.  So 10 years ago when I came to Monsanto, we developed a technology where I could take a piece off a seed, right? And this is when we did all these calculations, how I know the 20s, right? And the billions and trillions. And we could run some lab tests like you see on CSI that would tell from that piece of seed what the molecular component of it was, right? And so we would have to actually physically take a piece off of each of these seeds five, 10 years ago to do this. Today, based on all that data we collected in the past, we don't even have to do anything for that first round. That whole first cycle happens in Spark, essentially, right? So that whole first cycle is done in silico. And we don't have to plant a single plant for that whole first year of testing. We just say, select these seed and then plant them into the next round. And so we're saving field work, we're saving labor, we're saving natural resources so we don't have to water and fertilize and put pesticides down on these plants. And so all of this happens completely in silico now. This is like, well, this is difficult for a humanities major. So the part where you've got sort of from a trillion down to one, do you have yet enough observations to say this is how much the yield has increased? Yeah, so the trillion to one is a hypothetical, right? So we don't do a trillion to one, but we reduced the odds probably down to five to one. So we've reduced it quite a bit. And we don't know yet the exact phenotypes or characteristics that the plant will exhibit, but every time we go through this, we learn, right? But we do know that these, for this first round, so we'll do some actual testing later in the pipeline to validate this and all that feeds back in. So all those observations that are correlated will feed back into our imputation pipeline and we'll update that. So you've done basically like a corn genome project, basically, right? So you broke it down all these components and identified the most significant traits, right? And so what works what doesn't and now over top of that, you've been able to do these computations that tell you what's the super ear of corn, right? Basically, so you're creating super corn if you will, I mean, with the help of Spark that eventually gets you to a higher yield, more optimal breed or variety, basically. Yeah, and so we leverage, so we're leveraging data science to increase the amount of what we call genetic gain, which is year over year increase in yield. Do you have an expectation for before and after in terms of before you started experimenting with yield as a trait to where you might get in terms of 10%, 20%? Yeah, so we expect to see with just leveraging this, we expect to see a 4% to 5% increase in genetic gain, so yield increase year over year on top of other things that we've done to increase that genetic gain. Can you tell us just briefly, because we have just a couple of minutes left, some of the other things where you have moved from being like a seed business to being a agricultural advisory business. Yeah, so we're here in Galvanize, right? In downtown San Francisco, about two years ago we bought the Climate Corporation, which is right around the corner from here. And what the Climate Corp does is it's a data science company and they were originally very much into weather and predicting weather for agriculture. And Monsanto at the time had some efforts to build some advisors for growers and we bought the Climate Corp with the hope of having them really take their expertise and talent that they have in data science and applying it to provide advisors to our growers to help them understand what seed they should plant, at what density they can plant them. So you can also increase yield by planting more seed on an acre, when to add fertilizer, or when different weather events were gonna happen. And so that's our biggest foray into digital ag. And the Climate Corp represents our digital agricultural face to our customers. And so they're the ones that go out to our customers with these advisors leveraging these tools, leveraging the output of Spark and R and some big models that they do to predict these things. And if you put all these digital technologies together, have you seen sort of what uplift and yield have you seen so far and what do you expect as, you know, going out a few years? So that's a really good question, but we've only been doing this a couple of years. And unfortunately in ag, right, you start developing a product that takes five to seven years to get it to market. And so we don't really know what the output of that, that is in our growers' hands. What we do know is that we test things in our pipeline and they perform much better in our pipeline than they do in our growers' hands. So right now we're working with the Climate Corp to understand how do we better align what we're seeing or normalize what we're seeing in our development pipeline with the growers' fields. And that gets back to what we talked about before with different environments and micro environments that live in a growers' field. And they're doing many, many hundreds of acres and we're doing small amounts. And so it's really trying to normalize what we see versus what they see. And so we have a guesstimate, but I don't think it's completely accurate yet. In our software world, the vendor would call that user error and the user would call that a bug. Yeah, I think we call it a bug. We call it black gold syndrome because we always historically pick the best places to plant our trials. And so we always got the absolute best results, but we need to match with what the Climate Corp is delivering to our customers and develop products so that they tell someone they're gonna get something, they're giving them the right answer. Right, I call it success. Yeah. I mean, in the environmental gain you have, the cost gain you have in the yield, I mean, all of it, it's just tremendous upside and we really appreciate your sharing the technology and I'm sure the folks later on tonight, I'd say get ready to answer a lot of questions. All right. You're gonna be a very popular man, Seth. Thanks, well, thanks for the opportunity. I appreciate it. You bet, right, thank you. Seth Dobrin from Monsanto will continue from San Francisco in just a bit. You're watching theCUBE.


There's a deer! There's a deer! Guys, guys, we've got a deer! So welcome to another episode of Jurassic World Alive! Bet you didn't see that coming. So this is the second episode of what I thought was gonna be a three-part series, but I don't know if there's really any need to make it a three-part series considering the Scorpio Stokes Gen 2 and Gen 3 kind of molded into the same thing. You need Gen 2 to get Gen 3 and really, unless like Gen 2 is something to ride home about, which I'd be very surprised if it is, but you never know. Then we're gonna be mainly focusing on Gen 3 here, which is gonna be the harder one to get. Very rare, very rare, or epics better, then Legit, or Unix, I should say. Sorry, we're gonna brighten up the screen screen a little bit. Oh, God, there's a lot of, hello. There we go. Okay, that's good. That looks good. See we got no natural light because I'm recording this at 9 o'clock at night. So we need Scorpio Stokes Gen 2, which I think is this one. Yeah, it's 150. Interesting, then we've got the map data copyright in the corner. I still don't know how to get rid of that. Okay, so what would be interesting? Oh, 60! Oh, save me my Carnotaurus DNA. Thank you! So we got 71,000 Carnotaurus DNA. And I think, oh, and a 50! A 50! Give me a 50! Oh, yeah. So what we're gonna do once we unlock this is I'm gonna go into the Alliance. That was three pops and we got it. Perfect. I'm gonna go into the Alliance and ask for the Carnotaurus DNA. See if anyone gives me- Oh, it is! Ooh! Oh, that's an interesting one. Who? So we need to get this to level 20, and then once we're gonna level 20, I think just putting all of it in, and we just go to- Can we do 250 fuses? We can do 200! Wait, wait, 50, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 50. Wow, we're gonna run out of Monolophosaurus Gen 2 DNA. Before we run out of Carnotaurus. Here we go! Fusing! Oh, oh, really the highest we got was 60s? Oh, that's- So we'll let it go 5,000! Right, so what can we do now? Can we do 100? Hey, there we go! 100! Oh, it's 50s. We're over 100 times that we do it. 50s, um, uh, half. Well, you know what? That's actually not too bad because that's less than half of the amount of fuses we did, and we still got a fair amount. Okay, so now we need to get level 20. Now all this DNA could have went towards Scorpius Rex. Now, I don't know whether this was a good idea or a bad idea. In fact, we need to have a check to see what Scorpius Rex Gen 2 actually is. So, 118 speeds. So it's one faster than its legendary counterpart, I think, because that's only 117. I could be wrong. Um, we should compare it actually when they're level 15 here. Um, in fact, what I can do is just pull up the stats. So you guys would be able to see the difference. Um, I'm assuming that Scorpius Rex, so there you go. It should be up now. So that's the difference between a Scorpius Rex and a Scorpius Rex Gen 2. I think Scorpius Rex is probably better just not as quick. So cutting strike, a strike and run, which is an interesting one, we've got a fierce impact, a quill impact, highest damage attack for 1,095, 75% chance to stun, lasting one turn, of course, reduced damage for 50% for four turns. So you need something that has a cleanse or something, and a defensive swapping. So when this guy swaps in, he increases his speed by 30%, his, uh, 75% chance to dodge for two turns. Uh, um, yes? Yes, 75% chance to dodge 66.7% has all these numbers, man. Unable to swap for two turns, target highest damage, reduced damage, so it gets a speed boost. It's basically the same. It doesn't get crit chance, though. That's the only difference. The actual Scorpius Rex gets crit chance. Scorpius Rex Gen 2 doesn't, but it gets all the other ones. It reduces their attack and gets speed and a chance to dodge. Okay, uh, 50% chance to stun. So it's not as, you know, I think the other one's 75. This one's 50. However, this is 100% swap prevention. So no matter what comes in, doesn't get it. Um, but it is not 100% reducing reduction to speed, which the other one is. So this guy, if you wanted, if you want to make sure that you can always swap, this is your one. But if you want to make sure that you never want to be speed reduced, get the other Scorpius Rex. It seems to be. Okay. So we need to get this guy to level 20 and then check out its, uh, level or Gen 3 counterpart. The first ever Gen 3 in Jurassic World Alive. Crazy. What a, what a, what a, what a wonderful life. What, what weird times we live in. Well, I think this, this kind of just dropped out of nowhere.  I'll do it. Why not? I mean, the Scorpius Rex, of course. I'm excited. Who is excited for Scorpius Rex? Who isn't? Friggin' Camcretaceous was. Oh, it was brilliant. Okay. So that takes us to level 20. So now everything else is going to be plowed into the Gen 3. And hopefully, uh, we should have a couple more fuses. Well, you know, we'll do some more fuses. Oh, there's a 50. That's good. Oh, 150. Oh, I'll take it. So we got two more pops of this. Wow. I need a model of a source, man. Ooh, 130. So a little bit less. And the final pop is, is that any good? Oh, 70 out of 51. 180. Nice. That's good. If you didn't know, that's, that's good. Okay. Let's go to Scorpius Rex Gen 3 and just see what we can do. So we need Gorgosaurus, which we're not too fast about. And it's 200 each. So let's have a look. So I could do 20 pops, uh, 246. I could do 23 pops. So if I was to get 10 every Friggin' time, we would be 20 off. So all we need is two 20s. That's all we need. So let's bear that in mind. Only is more than two 20s. Well, we're starting off strong. Starting off very strong. Okay. Come on. Let's, let's do this. All in these two 20s. That's it. We're done. We've guaranteed unlock of Scorpius Rex Gen Friggin' 3. Oh, brilliant. Yes. You notice the difference? How we got like a 17 and a 15 and a 40 with the epic? We've done three pops this time. 10, 30, 10. They deliberately make uniques harder. Oh, saying that the way I like the Compi one really quick, didn't it? So it's 230. So that saved us. Oh, 140. Yes. Oh, saving us quite a bit. We may be able to level up Scorpius Rex Gen 3. Now, this is interesting because I like to work with the new dinosaurs and just see what they can do. Like how we got the Compi hybrid in my team. And we just boosted that like speed to no. It's like 160, 160 odd speed. It's crazy level. However, I have seen other things out speed it in the ballerina, which is flabbergasted me. But we'll see what this guy's speed is. So I'm assuming that it's going to be slower, but it might be able to tank more. But you never know. Maybe it will be quicker. There it is. Unlocked. We still have 13 pops left. Create Scorpius Rex Gen 3. What does this guy look like? Oh, I kind of like it. Oh, nice. Look how pretty you are. 119 speed. It's actually faster. Wow. Okay. It's like a tiger. I like it. Okay. So what do we have? Fear strike. Okay, not a bad one. Instant ambush. So you increase your speed by 30%. You increase critical chance by 50.  Now, the only time I've seen something like this is it was one of the Senozoics I think did instant ambush. I think it was the Sloth who can do an instant ambush and then maybe you know, tactically get quicker.  So this is you reduce their attack by 50%. You reduce critical chance again by 100%. And I think you do double damage. Okay, toxic quills. Here we go. This is even better than the last one because this does it has a 75% chance to stun. So I mean, most dinosaurs that use competitively are like immune to stun. So I would be very surprised if we come across a dinosaur that can't be stunned. Oh, sorry, can be stunned, I should say. But this is where it comes in the last one was 25.25% for two turns. This is 0.33 times percent for three turns. Basically, it's dead. If this thing does not have a resistance and does not get swapped out, then it's going to die in three in two turns probably, especially if you're quicker. And if you're quicker, so you go first, you do the toxic quills and it gets stunned, right? It's 75% chance, which is like instant rampage chances of getting stunned, which is quite high. So let's say you go first, you do that, it gets stunned, and then it loses a third of its health. And then it's still your turn to go first. Next time you go for cutting rampage because that's delayed by once, you can't do that right away. Or you go for instant ambush just to make sure if there's a big hit coming, then you're not going to be hurt by it too much. Good versatility there. Also, the fact that it is also 100% resistant to stuns, good, because the last one wasn't, you can swap in. So you can swap in and you have a 75% chance to dodge an attack. Okay, so it's not 100% guaranteed. Normally with swap in, it's like 100% chance to dodge 66.7%. I think anyway. So this isn't guaranteed. So that's interesting. Swap prevents you 50%. So you've got a chance to swap out.  You might want to get out of that before you're kind of stuck in to just taking hit after hit of counter, like the rendering thing. 50% reduced damage, which is good as well. 50% vulnerable. Yeah, does anybody really use vulnerable? I don't think so. And speed decrease. So really good. There's three things you want to watch out for when it comes to resistances. That is stun, speed and attack. And this guy has stun 100% resistant, speed also 100% resistant and damage 50. Most dinosaurs on resistant, like to both speed and attack. They're either one or the other. And in this case, you're 50% reduced to damage and you're 100% to speed. That's pretty good. You get this guy fast, ain't nothing can reduce that speed. How your soul looks doesn't stand a chance. Doesn't stand a chance. Thing is it can't heal. So it's going to need to help the tank. Really. So we can do a, you know what? I kind of just want to see what can we get with this? Oh, 20s. Okay, 19. Well, we were close. We were close. We got one more.  Oh, I'll take it. 140. Yes. That was really good. We got a badge for that. 6,000 coin taking to level 22. Oh, we got to use this guy. And I think we might be able to do like, like three more pops. Yes. So we've definitely got it to level 23. I like it. So what we need now is Gorgosaurus, because I am going to run out of that soon. And we're also going to need Carnotaurus. Two dinosaurs that when I saw, you know, before this update, if I saw them in the wild, you know, to dart, I would have kind of passed them up. I think I would be like, do I really need it? But this, wow, that looks sweet. Oh, there's loads of stuff you could do with this. So why don't we test it out? Oh, look, Carnotaurus. Hey, people will be doing that right. In fact, I might do that right now. No, well, not now, but I will do that in future. Let's have a look. So let's take Scorpius Rex out. And hopefully it should be pretty high. I don't have too many high level creatures. So yeah, look at that. The Comso. Right, let's see. Let's see the versatility of this guy. I think most of these dinosaurs can either heal themselves or cleanse. So oh, it's night now. Is it just clocked over? I think it has just clocked over. Brilliant. Okay. What do we go for? I think just swapping in the best idea with it. I think we just put it out first. I think we put, oh, look at it. Oh, it comes in differently. It has a different animation than the other one. Now I think he has a cleanse. So what do we want to do here? I mean, he can just go for his cleanse over and over and over. So I think is he resistant to stun? He's not. Okay. So let's just try. Let's just go for it. If we do stun him, then he's going to take that damage. Oh, and then he comes to the bleed.  Can we get him? Yeah, there you go.  Damn, look at that. I mean, yes, it's a bot, right? But just shows pretty dangerous, pretty dangerous. So here comes Carnotaurus. I want your DNA. So I think he can cleanse himself as well. Oh, no, he got a vulnerability. I actually have a resistance to that, would you believe? Okay. So let's just go for the cunning rampage and reduce this attack that's coming in. Yeah. Oh, it's like from the, from the, oh, and a crit as well. What's a normal crit chance? I didn't have a look at that. 25%. Interesting. Normally it's like 20%, 25. Oh, it's quicker though. It's quicker. But you know what we do? If something's quicker, we go for the instant ambush. Whoa. Oh, that division was sweet. What? That was so cool. Okay. So we reduced our attack by 50.   We have, but we have reduced our speed and we're going to hopefully stun you. I think we killed it. Oh my God. Oh, I'm in love Oh, that is, that is so cool. Oh, nice. Oh, maybe we'll get Carnotaurus DNA from this as well. We might do. We do. So it's Monalophosaurus we need now. Monalophosaurus is the one that we really need to look out for. So, yeah, really going to have to, oh, badger, badgers over there. We'll do, we'll do another battle because we've got the, oh, I want, I'm really tempted to swap out the comp now. I kind of want to swap out Dio. That's sweet. Yes. Sweet. I like it. Okay. Let's do another battle. Do another battle. Right. Where are you? I need you. I need you. I want to see just how, I mean, it's level 23. It's not very good. It's not boosted, but it, I like that. That's why I like Utahrinx because there's like a, you could, maybe you're going to go for rampage and run, maybe go for instant rampage. It's a little bit of like questioning there.   If you're not going to kill it in one hit. I mean, Morton Rex would not be half as good if he didn't have the cleansing. You know, we're going to put him out first. We're going to put him out first. Post metrodon. Ooh, interesting. Now I think this might be resistant to stun. It is, and it's also resistant to damage over time. So is it, now he's kind of resistant to, okay, I'll go for instant. We'll go for instant ambush. We're quicker anyway. I love that. I love that. Whoa. The cartwheel thing it does. That's pretty sweet. So we reduced his attack by a little bit, but he did do ferocious strike. So we'll do a lot more if we hadn't have done that. We'll resist him again, reducing his damage for two turns and his attack. Oh, that was beautiful. Oh, he didn't notice the kick. Oh, so focused on like the flying ninja to didn't even see the kick. Oh, this is good. This is good. Okay, now we're just going to go for regular. Oh, is it a heel? Oh, it is a heel. I mean, it's just prolonging the inevitable really that we might kill him here. Oh, we don't. He survives by the skin of its teeth. Oh, okay, okay. That's why I did the heel. So it sort of bided time to get it. I mean, does it have an AI really? I God knows. So, but there you go. It just did more than 79 damage. So nothing really to write home about. Now this, hopefully the next creature, because I can't remember what it is. Oh, yes, it's boosted as well. Apparently. Let's go for toxic quills at the stone. No crit chance with that. But here's the stone and it's dead. And it's dead. Oh, oh, that's satisfying for 800. Slap taken out. Oh, little blue data. Hello, QD. You're just reset. Oh, you're faster as well. How much damage will you do?  However, you know, I'll do it. I'll do it. It's going to resist. So he's going to survive the hit. And I survive it hit. Unless I get a crit maybe, but even then I don't think we're going to kill it. Do we get 25% chance? No, okay. I love that. That looks so cool. Little kick. Now, is there a way for us to survive this? There may be. There may be, because we'll reduce his attack again. That's an interesting way to do it. To do the big hit and then go for instant ambush. So there's double the reduction on now. So even though he increases his attack, oh, when I increase the attack, oh, we survive. Oh, nice. Not bad. I mean, he is level 23. They were like really low in levels, but I like it. I like it. It's going to be interesting to see the meta around this. I'm sure all the pro players will already have this level 30, and it will be maxed, even though it came out today. There will be. So it'll be interesting to see how they play that and what kind of boosts. I always ask this, whenever a new dinosaur comes out, I ask you guys, what's the best kind of like competitive way to build it? So if you have any ideas, leave them in the comments below, or a lot of people just tag me on Twitter. They go, Beavis, this is good. So I'll look at that as well. But yeah, I think now next things, well, first things first now, darting a lot of monolophosaurus whenever I can, carnitaurus and gorgosuchus. I think my region is a gorgosaurus region, so I will just like set that off and just see how many I can farm. And I might even be a mono. I feel like I see monolophosaurus quite often, so I might be a mono. But hey, oh, there it was. We didn't really get to see the other Scorpius Rex in action, but the other Scorpius Rex is not as good as the other ones. And, well, maybe it is. Maybe it is. I don't know. But I'm just, I'm feeling, I'm feeling the Scorpius Rex Gen 3. The colors are pretty sweet as well. I think I would have preferred if this one was just like all white rather than the like the tiger turquoise look it's got going for it. But it's kind of got a good balance. It's got good speed, a good crit chance, decent attack.  You're using the damage over time and the stun, so you don't need crazy attack. Maybe it's health you might need. I don't know. I think it's, you might want a mix of everything. Maybe speed is what you need. But then you've got instant camouflage, right? So do you need to speck into speed? All theories, because something can nullify you, but you're not reduced.  So if you boost it in speed, you'll always be that fast no matter what. Something to think of, something to think of, because a lot of dinosaurs have going through cloak. So you have had a saw that goes through cloak with its resilient and stuff. You've got the tricor saw would be a good counter kind of. It's not immune to stun and bleed. So that means the bleed will do a lot of damage. But then it can also do its big hit straight off the bat and get through your instant camouflage. I don't know. I don't know. I'm looking forward. I'm looking forward to trying this out. But anyway guys, if you enjoyed this video, leave a like and until next time, I'll see you cuties later. Oh buh-bye.


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My name is Sarah Hassan. I play the role of Nina in the new Telenovela Zari that is premiering on the 23rd of October. My name is Brenda Waerimu and I play the role of Lola in the new Telenovela Zari premiering on 23rd of October. So, there's this beef between Kenya and Tanzania about entertainment and everything. First of all, do you watch Tanzanian shows? I think Tanzanians are great actors. I think anyone who speaks Sahili well is a really good actor. So, I think for us, we're open to collaborating more than the competition. Competition is always good because it makes things better, but collaboration comes first. So, from watching this new show Zari, what are you hoping the message would be mostly for Kenyans? From the show, from the show and from your character. Is there anything you're hoping the Kenyans would learn or see in any way? I can't really delve into that without spoiling. But I would say it's a fantastic story. It has great characters. It has a great cast. I'm proud and humbled to be acting alongside such amazing people who are not only great actors but great human beings as well. Jiffy has made sure the story is fantastic. If you miss an episode, you come to the next episode and you're like, what happened? So, yeah, it's really dope. How was it working with Rashid? This is my second time working with Jiffy Pictures, the first one was Zora. They're fantastic employers. They're fantastic storytellers. It's always a pleasure working with people who love storytelling the way they do. How was it working with Kai as your sister? Actually, the first time, Brenda Oireem and I are working together on a project, like ever. So, it's been incredible. It's something that... I think we actually properly met and talked last day in November. We revived and we were like, hopefully the universe will bring us together. Zora is being her. She's being, what's the word? She's being humble about it. Let me tell you what happened. We met in November in South Africa. So, we didn't hang out in Kenya for all these years. We hang out in South Africa, right? So, there was an event happening there. And then, shortly after, it was my birthday. Yeah, birthday. It was my birthday and Zora put up a post of the two of us together and she talked about how we hadn't worked together before. Manifesting it into the universe. And then just like that, a few months later, here we are. Yeah. And how was the journey? Which one, sorry? We're going to be filming together in Kenya, in South Africa. Then in Kenya, you are in Kenya. It's been good. Yeah, it's been good. Nice film. Today? I think I've shared many. I don't know which one. A trailer! I do have a trailer. A trailer is a place where actors can get to relax by themselves. It's kind of like, you see the back of a lorry? It's like a container. Yeah. So it's like a makeshift room and you have, yeah. So I did have that. I can't really compare the two. That was a one-time thing. It was a short film. So you can't expect that same level for something that you're doing every day. Perhaps in the future. Yeah. For sure. It's not impossible. Yeah.  Yes, crime and justice. How does that actually compare doing the same thing now in a different way? Between being a police officer and trying every time? It's not... Wow! It's not... I wouldn't say it's the same thing. Different characters are like human beings. They're completely different from each other. So like, Makenna had her own life. So for us as actors we... For me personally, it's good to sort of know the background of this character such that you make them a full human being. Where did they go grow up? Where did they go to primary, high school, university? If they did, did they not? How was that bringing? So for Makenna from crime and justice, it's very different from Nina in Zari. So I would say it's not the same, but it's a pleasure getting to bring her to life. Yeah. And with your experience in the film industry, maybe with these two films out now, how do you think in what way will they impact the Kenyan film industry? You know, Emelette is always... What Abul Mutua said, they have invested a lot in the Kenyan industry and in the Kenyan content and these two are just testament to that. So yeah, so we are... I'm sure there's a lot more projects coming and it's great to see the Kenyan film industry growing the way it's growing. Yeah, yeah. You've been part of the Kenyan film industry doing different roles from turning watch, IVI, to now doing the role that you did on Zari. Maybe what have you been able to learn coming up to where you are today? You've won different awards like the chart and the CIA. What have you learned so far from where you started to where you are at today? I would say invest in the characters that you're playing. I would say hard work goes a long way. I would say respect goes a long way. Respect not only for just respect in general as a human being. You fell like cast members for crew and consistency. Yes, and just belief. My last question. You have a production company called Al-Fajiri. Maybe what pushed you to having your own production company? Oh wow, I wanted to... I went to school to study film so I wanted to be able to just do my own projects. Even if it's a short film here, a movie there. I just wanted to also be able to tell a few stories that I want to tell. Like basically that's it. A baby brand now. You've also been an industry for a while. I remember watching different shows on MTV and right now you are on this other film. Maybe what have you been able to learn? Because you mentioned you've been to South Africa. Film is really working out for you. Maybe what's one thing you've been learning growing up to where you are today? It's okay. What have I learned? I've learned to put faith in the universe as well as faith in myself as well. Because you have to believe that you're able to do these things. So be very aware of how blessed you are to be able to do the things that you love. To be able to be doing the things that you love. And don't take that for granted. So always like she said, invest in your character. Invest in the thing that makes you marketable. Right? So that's what I've learned. And lastly, what's the hardest one you've learned? The hardest one? It hasn't come yet. So we should do it for you. Yeah, it's coming. I don't know yet. I'm just saying when it comes, the hardest one hasn't come yet. So I'm waiting. Thank you so much. Thank you.


So in this video we're going to talk a little bit about stratification, bedding and bedding planes, lamina, cross lamination, cross stratification, cross bedding and bed forms. Like what what are those? So the first thing is stratification. So strata equals layers. Okay so stratified rocks are rocks with layers and so if we look at this picture here you can see that there's a layer here, there's another layer up here, you might divide out that thin one in there and as you come down here you can see that there there are plenty of layers. So we would say the stratification in this rock varies vertically because down here where we have the older beds they're thinner and then up here they're much thicker. So I've been using the term beds and bedding planes so each grouping of rock that breaks into a layer with a top and the bottom is what we call a bed and so in some cases the the beds continue for a long time laterally but then in other cases like this one right here as it comes up and around over this corner it pinches out into something that's that's very thin. But in general beds are single layers that continue at least somewhat laterally. So the beds themselves are separated by what we call bedding planes and so if we look for example down here we can see a bed and then there's a little bit of topography going back to this dashed line in here and if you look down on that surface it'll it'll be somewhat planar and so we have the term bedding planes and those are the boundaries between the beds so beds are separated from each other by the bedding planes and they're not always completely planar but they often are. So then we have structures that are within beds and those are often called the lamina right. So lamina are layers within bed and within beds and you can see some in this picture here where there are individual layers that come span across this rock and this particular rock does not actually break into beds like the one does above and that's in part because it's all about the same grain size and deposited in a similar way. Now we're getting down to the idea of cross lamina, cross lamination, cross stratification and things like that. So if we look at this image it has both cross lamination and cross stratification and I'll talk about the difference between those in a minute okay and this the cross part of these terms comes from the idea that the layers inside the beds are not parallel to the beds themselves. So this image doesn't have very strong bedding but there is a bed boundary in here roughly sort of broken up and if you look at the layer at the bottom there are lamina that are roughly parallel to each other. If you look up in this layer here you can see that they're lamina that are curved. They're not parallel to that to that bed boundary. What they do is at the bottom they sort of pinch together and at the top they're a little bit wider again and there's some variation and they cross each other a little bit in different ways here. So this geometry where some of the layers inside the bed are at this angle to the bedding planes themselves and there'll be another one sort of roughly in here. That's the cross stratification or cross lamination and the difference between these two is usually how big they are. So the lamination is for small cross layers and the cross stratification is for larger ones just in terms of the terminology and then down here because these are planar approximately parallel to the bedding we would call these planar lamina. So I'm going to show you another example here that has some really nice cross lamination and also some contortion in here. So if we look at this zone right in here we can see that there are a lot of thin layers that are changing geometry laterally. So some of them are truncated against other ones. So for example here are some that come up and they're truncated at the surface here and there's some lamina sort of pinch and swell over that and then this area in here is contorted and that's probably from deformation after the sediment was deposited. So here we have some cross lamination and I'm saying the lamination because the layers are very thin and small. So you can tell by the size of the mechanical pencil here that these are really really fine layers and that's in contrast to this image above. Again we have the mechanical pencil up here. These layers are much coarser. The grain size is also coarser and that's why we call this cross stratification.


In this video, I'm going to be explaining Backroom's Level 18, aka Level Memories. If that sounds cool, stick around, and if it doesn't, well then you're kind of goofy. Alright, let's get into it. So Backroom's Level 18 is classified as a Class 1 difficulty, and is a safe-ish overall level, if you do it right. The level looks different to every person who gets to it. Now even though it looks different, it's still the same theme to everybody, because it typically looks like a memory or a set of memories from their life, typically from ages 2 to 5. But the most common description is that it looks like a daycare, or a preschool, or a babysitter's house, or an old bed, or playground, you know, just get stuff. And if you don't have any specific memories of those kind of things, then the level itself will just be a blank void, which is kind of sad. Throughout the level, there are always numerous voices that are whispering. There's no body specifically making these voices, but you can hear them in your head. They can whisper anything, but the main thing they normally whisper are your biggest regrets, or your biggest mistake.  And on top of this, the level can also resurface memories that you literally had forgotten about, or had pushed out of your mind, like a childhood pet or something like that. Now obviously, this can mess up someone's mind if they're hearing voices about their biggest regret in life, so just do your best to ignore that whispering. And if you do that, then you're gonna have a pretty fun time reliving your old childhood memories. On the other side of that coin, the level is apparently addictive to some wanderers, and they choose to spend all of their time here, which technically can work since there's food and stuff in your memories, but honestly, I can't say that I blame them for wanting to stay here and live in their childhood memories forever instead of going back out to the Backrooms because it's safer here, and it's nostalgic. There's only one entity on the level, and it's a plush, sentient, sapient dinosaur, that if you find it, it'll lead you to food and water, but it's pretty rare to come across. The one outpost here is called The Children, and it's a group made up of around 20 to 25 people, and the people who are in the group are the ones that stay here forever. Even though each person sees a different memory, they can all still see each other, which is pretty nice. To enter at this weird core level, well, there's no concrete way yet. The only way that might work is if you get a random resurgence or a random recollection of memories from your childhood while being on any other level in the Backrooms. So if you're feeling really nostalgic, you might get sent here. To leave at this level, you can find that plush dino, and they'll take you to an exit, or you can just walk through wherever you came from or do again whatever you did to get here since no one knows exactly how to do that. I gotta say, this level is pretty creepy, but wholesome at the same time, since it just replays old childhood memories. It's depressing, but at the same time, it's not, I don't know, I feel like I'd visit this level, not gonna lie. But you know what's not depressing or weird? Backrooms pants. I mean, it's probably the least depressing thing out there, right? And I'm gonna buy them at 500,000 subscribers. So if you want to be a part of that, make sure to drop a sub. And while you're down there, go check out my second channel. It's lit over there. I stream. I upload. I mean, it's more of me. If you like me, you're gonna like that channel. So thank you for watching, supporting Broogly Summer Spectacular. Make sure to tune in for the next video, which will be over, Backrooms Level 19. And that's when I'll see you next. Peace.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazzy's casebreaks.com. We did it. We unlocked that that hip parade dual case break. That's coming up in the next video Here is the final filler for it. It's that capstone pack number 76 We'll re-randomize everybody's name at the end of the break top five to get into the hip parade big Thanks and good luck to this group here Thanks for finishing it off. All the teams right there All teams are in let's do the capstone break. Let's randomize names and teams three and a six nine times each one two three four six seven eight Once more Different dice roll for the giveaway part as always nine times four the teams two How many people are at this show? How many tables were set up at that show Jilo? All right, there's the first half of the list right here second half the list right there 200 table awkward schedule. They don't want to do it on a championship Sunday So is it is it a it was it today and tomorrow or is it two days or just today? Friday kind of a weird day to do it Friday. I thought you're at least do it on All right, here's the final printout. Oh today and tomorrow. Okay, that makes sense People I was like people still work on Friday They need a Saturday Hit there. There are hit possibilities, but none here. Let's flip back right over here. There are actually quote-unquote Hits in here. It's the five spots in hip rate. We'll call those the hits so top five after five Top five after eight that is four and a four One four eight the hard way two three four five six Seven and eight and final time Top five after eight eight the hard way fingers crossed. Good luck everybody Danny on the outside looking in there. I hope you're up there five through 30 has a lot of spots We'll see but sad times ultimately five through 30. Appreciate you trying. We'll get him next time top Top four or actually Danny you are in sorry to James I'm all over the place Six through 30 Danny you're already in along with Matt Eugene Danny and Joe Congrats to the top five right there Yeah Well, we're just zero for one James who everyone knows that the streaks for group breaks always reset every day. So you're over one It's got to have three or more to be a streak. I'll see in the next one We'll get him next time top five though. Happy times for you. We'll see in the next video for the break jasky's case breaks calm