Hello everyone. This is Issues and Answers, a production of the Government Information Service. I am Primus Hutchinson. On our program today, I'm joined by a gentleman who has quite an intriguing story to tell. He is from the community of Jackwell, the hub of the Orozovalli, and the history of the valley, as many of you would probably know, is one who often has succeeded from a myriad of social challenges, albeit to a much less extent in recent times. This gentleman was able, like many of his time, to battle successfully hurdles of such magnitude that he often ascribed his accomplishments to divine intervention. Today, he is the founder and chief executive officer of a successful construction company, but our interest is not the success of his company, but his resilience, his commitment, tenacity, and philanthropic spirit. The gentleman I speak of is none other than Mr. Steve Jameson of Jim Cobb's Quality Construction Limited. Welcome to Issues and Answers, Mr. Jameson. Welcome, sir. Thank you. Let us start off with your life growing up as a young man. How was it? From the community of Jackwell, we have 14 siblings. I'm the number four in it. And my mother, a farmer, my father, a farmer, we raised in the farming area. And for me, I decided, you know what, I want to do something different. I decided to go to Trinidad when I was 19. In that time, I had a cousin living up there that was married to a Trinidadian. I think the whole idea of, she took me up there really was to take care of, help her to take care of her kids, really. It wasn't an idea she had for me, what she wanted me to develop myself. But you know, Steve Jameson is Steve Jameson. I got a job with a gentleman from Trinidad as a helper. Meeting this guy, for some reason, this guy sees more in me than I even thought. Within the first six months, this guy brings me as a supervisor. In those days, trust me, I was so skinny. If you see me today in my frame, you could see I was bossy back. But I was so skinny. I had the crew of maybe 14 guys and I was the youngest. I want to just hold that thought a minute. Let's get back to the family. You started growing up with your siblings and so on. What was in your mind at the time?   Take us from that experience up to Trinidad. Before the Trinidad, well, the 14 siblings, my mother, my father was doing the farming. But on the spare time, they would do, they would bake, they would be selling bread. I do exactly everything my other siblings were doing. There was nothing different from me and them. It's the same food we do. We do everything alike. And your mom and your parents were very strict. And my mother, my father, you know, the story would be sometime on our way. When we go to bed, I would, me and my brothers, we would talk about how we're going to steal a few bread.  Right. So, boy, we take a few breads, we put it in our pockets. Sometimes we fall asleep and the bread remains in our pockets. So, next morning, when my mother passed, the leaks was, because somehow she got into know that we stole bread. And that was it. That was the whole story. My father was the type of person who I always tell people. My father was the loving one. My mother was the tough one who would say very disciplined, very disciplined. My father was disciplined as well. But my father would allow you.  You know, so this is how we raise good family. I, I cannot, I cannot recall I do anything different in those days. But did you have an interest in construction at this early stage? Yeah, yeah. Funny that I was like the boy everybody likes in the community. Likeable person. So, in those days, a lot of latrine, they were building latrine. Yeah, that's what it is. I guess, I mean, I get so technical in building latrine. I would think how to put the exhaust for the air to go out. I would, I would design it with particular louver around it, you know. So I got master in building latrine for the whole area where I was living. And for some reason, I missed that. I don't know why I didn't capture it. Yeah, there was this man named like Gilead Anela. They called me names like do-do mama, he love. I had all the loving names and like the bless boy. They treat me even today. Those that are still alive. When they see me to see the kind of smile on their face, the kind of way they blush and because they are happy, seeing that what I changed from where I was today. So I feel like I felt, you know, like a blessing. What about your early education? You went to the Jackmel School? Yeah, I went to the primary school in Jackmel in those days. That's the school I did because of, again, because of the challenge. Most children, most children. Yeah, because of the challenge. My mother have 14 of us to take care of. So that's why I went to school in the primary school in Jackmel. So we're moving from there into Trinidad. You decided. But how did that worked out? Were you contacted by your relative in Trinidad? How did you make that good? Were you not thinking of traveling at all? Were you? Just maybe two months ago I get to know why I went to Trinidad. And the purpose of I ended up being going to Trinidad was exactly to take care of my cousin's children. But she never told me that she came down from Trinidad to bring another one, which is another cousin to take her to Trinidad. But when she came to St. Lucia, the young lady was pregnant. And for some reason, she got she was hesitating to go. So at the same time, I guess I was vulnerable enough. I was there. She just picked me up and say, let's go. And I thought it was an opportunity for me as well because what I was doing in St. Lucia, like the latrine and the little things, I mean, I know I can do better. I can do a lot better. So hearing about Trinidad would be a fantastic idea that it would help me to develop to which way I am. Again, I always believe that the education side of me, that I didn't get this opportunity to be who I wanted to be. So I always want to grow to be better. So getting the opportunity to go to Trinidad, I say, boy, you know what, that chance I will get to go to school. And that's how I end up going to Trinidad. So tell us a little bit about the experience. You started telling us about the construction phase. I mean, in a matter of six weeks, you happened to be within record time, I was a supervisor on a site with about 14, 12, 14 men. And I was the youngest. And I was, in fact, I was green. But when comes to business, I all from very young age, I take business serious. I am the owner of the construction company. See something in me where as you believe, I will have him to lead them. So very early age, I become supervisors and I was handling a crew of men. What age was that around the time? Like I was 19. I was like 19. Okay, we'll take a short break. That will give you enough time to think of all the other developments surrounding your personal life and so on. This is issues and answers. We'll be back in just a minute. See you at a good time. I did. The food was amazing. I'm definitely going to come back here. I hope you enjoyed it. I did. So what's what's it like tomorrow? Tomorrow we have a meeting, we have a matter to discuss. Oh really? Yeah, we have a matter to discuss. What's what's it about them? I can't tell you confidential. I understand. You may put on some music. You may put on some music. No, I need you to slow down. You're driving too fast. Speak up and speak out if your life or the lives of others are in danger. Drive safe or drive alive. Welcome back. This is issues and answers. My guest is the executive, chief executive officer and founder of Jim Cobb's Quality Construction Limited, Mr. Steve Jimson and he's telling us all about his life experiences, challenges and developments and so forth. We're on your experience and you as a young guy, 19 year old, as a supervisor and how was the response your co-workers and your subordinates and so on? Always being a serious person, not bullshitting, not taking stories. I did very well because my level of tolerance for nonsense was almost to zero. So and I know what I wanted. So because of that, very early, I did well as a supervisor. Now being a supervisor with this particular company, maybe for a year, I get I was so knowledgeable in the field of construction, I start getting private projects in Trinidad to start building on the, like you build a two-story building, the ground floor, which have a slab over it already. I get several of those projects to. Without any formal training at all? Without any, well since I was a supervisor, that means I had known something. Something. But I didn't have nothing. Constructing or such. Okay. And people really trust me and if you have to go to Trinidad and you go around those projects that I did in Trinidad, you might be, say, well, from a very tender age, this guy likes to do things well. Because trust me, I don't sleep. If I did something wrong, I don't sleep. You want it correct? Yeah, it bothers me. And I don't understand how people are doing things and they're just doing things because they're supposed to have a method of how you do things. And the person who's spending their money, go to the bank and take their money and give to you, expect the best of what you're doing. Very true. But somehow in that industry, you find a lot of people just taking it as a joke.  Why didn't you decide whether you remain in Trinidad and take advantage of the possibilities? I'm one of those who believe that my island, I love here. I love St. Lucia. And I believe if I am knowledgeable, I should share that with my country. If I can do so well for other people outside of the world, I think I should explore that in St. Lucia. The challenges have been here, but yet still I have gotten good opportunity to go overseas and work. As far as Bulgaria, I got good opportunities to move out from St. Lucia. And yet still, I'm in love for St. Lucia. Yeah, and I love, I love, I love seeing that I'm in the Boulevard, you passed and said, Jameson did a job for me 10 years ago and it's pointless. It's the same way he built it today, 10 years, no cracks on my wall, nothing. That gave me joy. Okay, so how long you stayed in Trinidad before returning home? Three, three and a half years. Okay, so tell us, well, tell us about your experience now that you're back home. Yeah, um, when I get back to St. Lucia, my mother, Fanny, Florey Jameson, my father, Joseph, Joe, um, when I came back, they realized, they're both alive now? No, my father passed, but yeah, but my mother still there. Even my intention was, because I'm not known in St. Lucia, to go and look for work, my mother insists on my father, you not going and work for somebody, but just by hand, I'm talking what I did in Trinidad. They insist I'm not going to leave the house, one look for employment. They gave me a small house, and they asked me to, the things I learned, because I used to do cupboards and, you know, fairly elastic things, I would, I would do, um, take a board, maybe 12 by 12, and run nails through it, and run thread through it, and create a bird, create, yeah, yeah, so very talented, and they gave me that house, and that's where more knowledge came in, because I was self-employed in there. Okay, so from there, what, what happened? So, I'm always believing, doing well. It's just natural. I always believe, and I always believe the second job is a more interesting job than the one that I just finished, so I'm always looking forward to do better. After this thing, I got, I got a job with, with, with care. Care was building, I think, which one? Care was building sandals, I think. I got a job there as a, as a supervisor. When Care finished the project, most of the tool, no, sorry, it was Higgs and Hill, I worked for, um, building the power station in Caldisa, that's the new power station, um, I was working with them, and then I was the scaffold erector for the company. I started as a scaffold erector for the power station. By the time the project was halfway, I was so good in what I was doing, they decided to move me away from the scaffold erector, give me more men, but have me to see more things. So, I started all the big, um, commercial doors and, and the elevator doors and all these doors. I was the one responsible to put them up.  Yeah. Yeah. You want to tell us a little bit about that? The office in Marigold, um, well, if you, if you're in business, you need a place where people can find you. Hence the reason I decided to start my first office. I got the piece of land from, from, um, Mr. Albert, who's the fireman in that corner there, and I built this office there. The idea was to sustain myself because in Lucia, sometimes you need something and you cannot get it. So, instead of every one thing you, you, you're looking for, you have to run through the hardware, I built the office a little size, a little sizable that I will buy more. So, if I want one thing, I buy five. So, tomorrow if I need it, I have some. So, we, we built a small hardware together with the office, and that was a brilliant idea. That perhaps may have led to your first, um, um, experience as, as, as a, as a construct, a builder and so on. Um, I, I, I, I, I'm not sure, but perhaps you can guide me. Um, the Jackmel Church, um, we need to take a break, I've been told, but let's focus when we get back on the Jackmel Church. This is issues and answers. Stay with us. We'll be right back. One of the eight university recognized rights of the consumer is the right to be heard. This means that every consumer who is dissatisfied with a good or service has the right to lodge a complaint to the provider of that good or that service. This should be the first point of lodging a complaint. Ensure that the receipt, as proof of the transaction, is available. Welcome back. This is issues and answers. Our guest is Mr. Steve Jimson of Jimco's Quality Construction Limited. Um, we, the Jackmel Church, I think that this might have been your first project. My first major project? Major project. Okay. The Jackmel Church was in the range of, as the Catholic Church, the Holy Family Church, was in the range of, I think, somewhere like $600,000. That was at the time that would be the biggest project I ever did. Um, Father Centrose, who's a very good friend of mine today, I love him today, just like I love him yesterday because of what he did. Father Centrose trusts me and he, from what he's seen and he hanged, he believed that I was the right suitable guy to do the project of that nature. Okay. The project was a very challenging project. You know, um, that Cento Mayor, yeah, the mural. The mural, inside it. We extend the project by a couple meters on both sides, create a new, first had a new wall, yet still we had to maintain the mural inside without damaging it and make it part of the, of the new project. I think when that's done, both Cento Mayor and Father Centrose gave Jim Cobb, at that time, Jameson Construction Enterprise, um, create a bit of phrases of how we handle our, our self on that. But that was a very successful project. But have you had any other project done in the Jackwalk, as far as giving your services, excuse me, to the, to the community, community. What, what are the services as a, as a, as a boy from the, from the, I think we did small, small, small works, like cupboards and, and small thing. In fact, I, which I, which I didn't tell you, but Jack, the first project I did in Jackville was, I was a farmer, how I was working with Moses Henry, um, farming. And that was the first work I did. After the farming, then I realized that the farming wouldn't sustain us. Then I go to the, to the construction. You also established an apartment, um, in the community. That's very, very good, very commendable. Um, tell us about a little bit about how you went about what you, you could have built this apartment anywhere else in, in this country. Again, it's love for, love for country, love for area, love for where you come from. Lots of people tell me, if you have this apartment in the north, you would be making so much money. But what happened to Jackmill?  I want to see Jackmill looking good.  Instead of everybody seeing Jackmill like a, a down, a low, if God bless me and I have money, I would really do something nice in Jackmill. That's well taken. Um, let's, let's fast forward a little bit about your experiences with some of the other projects, I mean sandals, um, your management team and so on. Let's quickly run through this because we, the time is, yeah. Again, um, it's the blessing. I believe and bless. I believe from coming out from a family of, of 14 of us and I did extremely well by hiring, even my father was working for me, my mother worked for me, my father worked for me, all my siblings has been working for me. And I know we did the same thing. We came from the same background, we did everything the same. So I feel unblessed.  Of course, yes. And how did you feel about this? Very good. Very good. But let's go back to, to the establishment and people I have working for me. Um, I was from our office in Marigo and now we are, we are in Kaldesat, opposite Massey supermarket and, and West Indies shipping, somewhere in that area there. Um, our office have about 12 staff from accountant to project manager, engineers, you name it. We, we have had a good time working for some serious business people around, such as Mr. Sherry Key that I'm doing one of the most outstanding building in St. Lucia today, I should say. We work for Sandals, we did some massive project for Sandals. We did the Sunset Bluff for Sandals that, that was in the 2000, 2000, which I was quite a young man still. Um, and it came out successful. We have a guy, Mark Harding was the project manager for Sandals and Mark would tell you today how he take Young Steve and the result of Young Steve. So he feels so proud of me today by what he have seen and what he keeps seeing. We, we've not touched on some of the challenges I mean, starting a big business of, of this magnitude and getting through this. What, what, what have been the, the challenges and successes, you know? Let's go on challenges. Um, most times I believe that for some reason the locals not getting it what they should. Even though you have all that beautiful project you have done, but when you go to the bank, like I always say, I could go to Miami, take a guy on the street, um, give him a suitcase and send him to the bank. He might get a better result from the bank than me, who's the CEO for the company. Or I just go and, you know, true get a guy from the street in Miami, dress him and send him to the bank. He might be getting the money that I want to get. So most time we don't feel that I'm there looking at us the way we should. We're not getting the kind of opportunity. So something I could have done maybe within five years from this level to that level, it might take me 10 years because I have to work harder to achieve it when the bank maybe would not trust us to give us their money. Because from the level we are today, I believe that for me, sky is the limit. There is no such project that we cannot do, but yet still you see in that people are doing project that they're not, they cannot even handle the project, what they get in the opportunity to get the project. How happy are you that you've contributed to Saint Lucia's development? I'm the happiest man you can find. Looking at, walking around, seeing my projects, seeing the people that we develop and this is something contributing to employment. Yeah, but I'm one of those who take the most young men from the, from the morn and train them to be contractors. If any, I always tell them, if anything happened to me tomorrow, when you all go to, like I died, you always go to that Saint Lucia and you all will laugh, have a good laugh and say this guy was something else because of how I train them and all of them today are contractors and my business going on smoothly without those that I train. Often they will come, depend what I'm doing they will pass and see me, but my business is going well without those that I train. Those I train, I believe I train you, you've got enough move. Mr. Jimson, we've come to the end of our discussion, but just briefly, quickly, what would you like to say to the solution public and just wind up quickly? Yeah, especially my area in Chackmel, I wish that we, these young people, they will look at them closely because I think they need opportunity. All the boys we have that doing all the bad things is because of lack of opportunity, lack of making them feel that they are important. I think our, we need to, sorry about that, but we need to wind down, we appreciate so much you taking the time to be with us, Mr. Jimson, and all of your accomplishments and challenges I've been speaking with Mr. Steve Jimson, the founder and chief executive officer of Jimscorp Quality Construction Limited. This has been issues and answers. I'm Primus Hutchinson, thank you for viewing.


Let us begin. Before we start this lecture, you know yesterday I sort of promised that I will bring some models try to explain certain things. So, I could manage to bring some two models. So, let us just discuss some of the structures which we are trying to do sort of talk about it yesterday. Yes, I hope this is you are able to see this is what is generally known as sodium chloride structure. Now, you can see that there are two type of circles or other spheres one is green and another is silver color. I am not very sure whether you can see it very very clearly, but the colors, but you know for example, let us start with this particular thing this is silver, then this is green, then this is silver, this is green. Let us imagine that these are the centers of these ions and let us assume that this is sodium ion and this is chlorine ion, this is sodium ion, this is chlorine ion. Again, I repeat these are only be treated as the centers of these ions because remember that the sodium ion and chlorine ion they are not of equal size. In fact, they are what you will find that chlorine ion is much bigger and sodium ion is comparatively tiny. So, generally all these things are not of equal size. This is only to show the position where they are located the centers of these ions. So, let us assume that this is sodium and this is chlorine, this is sodium and this is chlorine. Now, if sodium would have been equal to chlorine, it means if this would have happened, let us look like this, if this would have happened that this is chlorine, this is sodium, this is chlorine and if they would have all been of equal color, then this would have been a simple cubic structure because you look at this particular thing, this is a simple cube. This I am not sure whether you are able to see it very clearly. I am trying to rotate it to make it clear. So, this would have been a simple cube structure. If these they are all of the same color but they are not of the same color, they are different ions and remember when I were I define a lattice, a Bravais lattice of a particular material, I had to take completely the translational symmetry into consideration. It means every point has to be identical. This point cannot be represented as the same point here because if you are at this particular point on the right hand side is your sodium while if you are sitting on this particular point on the right hand side is chlorine. So, these two points are not equivalent. So, if I have to define a basis, I have to I mean if I have to define a Bravais lattice, I have to define where the environment is exactly identical. Now, you start looking let us say only at the grey ions or let us say only at the green ions. If you let us say look at only the green ions, this is the green ion, let me put it like that. This is the green ion. This is one green ion, this is one green ion. Let us look at silver. I think silver is little more clearer. Let us look at the silver ion. This silver ion, then there is a green ion, then there is a silver ion. If you look at this silver ion, the next silver ion is here. Now, if you look at this silver ion, then you have another silver ion here, then you have another silver ion here, then there is a silver ion So, if you are if you ignore the green things and just look at the silver thing I hope you are able to see this phase center this, this, this, this and this. So, this is a phase centered cubic lattice because now you start at this particular point and you put two atoms in fact what we have decided that if you take for example on this side you put one sodium ion here another chlorine ion here you put one sodium ion here another chlorine ion in respect to every sodium ion you put one chlorine ion in this particular direction here you take this sodium ion you put a chlorine ion. So, you consider only let us say the silver ones then you can see that the environment of all the silver points are exactly identical these silver ions actually form what we call as a phase centered cubic lattice and in this particular case you have to generate the sodium chloride structure by taking this as your lattice and putting two ions one at the origin which is sodium ion another a chlorine ion which I am putting at the distance of a by 2 i plus j plus k which is the body center. So, this is what is a sodium chloride structure which we say can be represented as a FCC lattice with two ions basis one ion let us say sodium ion being put at origin another ion being put at a by 2 i plus j plus k keep on taking every sodium ion as origin and keep on replacing this by this particular basis you will generate what is a sodium chloride structure. So, often there is a confusion that people think that sodium chloride is a simple cubic structure remember it is not had sodium been equal to chlorine which it is not then you could have thought it this is one of the way of explaining it, but if you are looking at the structure this is actually a phase centered cubic structure and in fact when we are discussing x ray diffraction there is typical signature of FCC lattice which you will find when you are taking the x ray diffraction of this particular material. Now, the next thing which I wanted to discuss was about the diamond structure which is also little confusing. So, this is a model of sodium ion it is not exactly the way I would have liked to draw it, but you know probably you can appreciate it. See this is one carbon atom this is another carbon atom remember this is going to be repeated infinitely. So, this you can see is the phase center there will be another one here there will be another one. So, you can see that these carbon ions are forming their phase centers alright. So, these carbon ions are located at this is one this is one this is one then there will be one here then there will be one here. So, these ions amongst themselves are forming the FCC lattice you look at these things if you look only at these things you will find that they are also forming FCC lattice you take this ion then there will be another ion here then there will be another ion here this is one there. So, this will be the phase center of this particular phase then here you will have one one. So, if you look at these things which are located here they themselves would have formed a FCC lattice. But these two lattices are displaced with respect to each other by let us say this much distance. So, they are displaced by let us say put it here this much distance which is one fourth of the body diagonal because you can start with this origin and take somewhere here this will be your body diagonal and it is one fourth of that particular distance. And what I was trying to tell yesterday that if you take this particular unit cell divided into 8 small unit cells I am taking lattice constant a by 2 then I have divided this into 8. Now, you will find that alternate of them is centered. So, if you have this as centered then this one is not centered then this is centered then this one is not centered this one. So, you have formed out of this unit cell 8 smaller cubes I am not very sure whether you can visualize it very very clearly. So, this is the one we have divided into 8 simple smaller cubes which have each age of a by 2. So, you have 8 cubes now out of all these 8 cubes you can see this is centered but this is not centered here this is centered but then this is not centered. So, out of these 8 cubes alternate of them are centered. So, this is another way of looking at the diamond structure that consider a divide this particular face centered cubic unit conventional unit cell into 8 smaller cubes which are each of age a by 2 then center alternate of them. So, this distance will be automatically one fourth the distance of body diagonal. Now, let us come to our normal lecture. So, I start with recapitulating of what we did last time we defined Bravais lattice we defined their primitive vectors and what we mean by primitive vectors also we discussed then we discussed the concept of basis and related Bravais lattice to the actual crystal structure. How we generate ideal crystal structures is starting from a Bravais lattice and then putting on them on each lattice point exactly in identical fashion a basis that will generate a crystal structure. Then finally in our last lecture we discussed what are called closed packed structures.  So, we try to look at that particular face centered position to find out about that particular closed packing. Now, let us define the two very very important concepts in solid state physics which we are going to start discussing today and they have I mean in their solid state physics we call these are bread and butter you know you start with ABC these are ABC of solid state physics of course when we start discussing about them they appear to be somewhat abstract until you actually start using them and then you realize that eventual the entire solid state physics you cannot go ahead unless you have these two type of these two you know sort of basic concepts. So, the first concept which I want to introduce is the concept of reciprocal lattice. Now, you look at different textbooks introduce the concept of reciprocal in different fashions. A crystallographer would like to introduce this in a different fashion a mathematical physics person would like to introduce in a different fashion or other theoretical physicists would like to discuss in a different fashion the way I have introduced is a purely by brute force without giving any explanation why I am want to define it I am just defining it and then eventually we will try to give some idea of why this particular concept is useful of course because we are not really having a course on solid state physics. If you have a course a proper course on solid state physics or condensed matter physics you will see that this both these concept one reciprocal another concept of Brouhline's own how these concepts are so important for solid state physics. Now, we have just now discussed that any lattice that we talk can be defined in terms of primitive vectors. In fact, we gave for simple cubic body centered cubic lattice and for face centered cubic lattice what are the conventionally regarded as their primitive vectors. So, in principle if we know the primitive vectors we can generate the lattice primitive vectors would generate the lattice. Now, as the name reciprocal suggests that this is also a lattice but in this case what we talk is something which is not of dimension length but dimension of inverse of length. Now, initially this looks somewhat abstract but on the other hand you should realize that if we take a graph paper for example even in high school when we ask students to plot a graph let us say between two quantities for example if you are talking of t square versus l when we are talking about simple pendulum experiment when we keep on varying length and I keep on finding out the time periods then using that graph paper we do not only plot those things which have dimension of length for example I can choose an appropriate scale I can always say that 1 centimeter is equal to let us say 1 second or 1 millimeter is equal to 1 second and draw something which is having a dimension of time on let us say x axis or dimension of time square or dimension of length. Length of course there is no problem because you can always say that you know whatever is the length I can take the actual length but even in that graph paper many times I will write that I will take length 1 meter equal to 1 centimeter. So, I choose an appropriate scale to define to plot a graph. So, it is not very I mean it is quite standard to draw a graph in which one or both the quantities are not having the dimension of length. So, I can imagine exactly the same thing you can imagine that there is a sort of a three dimensional graph paper and I choose an appropriate length scale I choose a particular scale and then I can plot a lattice as I used to plot the lattice in the case of direct lattice where everything was of dimension length I will choose something a particular appropriate unit let us say 1 millimeter is equal to let us say 1 angstrom inverse or whatever it is you want to say and again in this three dimensional graph paper I can look at these points which I will call as lattice only thing I will realize where I am talking of let us say lattice constant of this particular reciprocal lattice that lattice constant will have a dimension of inverse of length alright. So, I hope this should not create any problem because you know confusion because as I said you by taking appropriate scale you can always draw something which does not have a dimension of length on a piece of paper on a graphic paper and that is what precisely I am trying to do. So, now let us talk about reciprocal lattice reciprocal lattice is always reciprocal of a particular direct lattice. So, let us suppose we have a direct lattice like inverse of a number or reciprocal of a number is of that particular number reciprocal of 2 is 1 upon 2 reciprocal of 4 is 1 upon 4 alright. So, you have to know the number then only you can find out what is the reciprocal of that. Similarly, for reciprocal lattice you have to know what is the direct lattice then you can find out what is the reciprocal of that particular lattice. So, let us suppose there is a direct lattice and for that the primitive vectors are A, B and C. So, A, B, C are the primitive vectors of a particular direct lattice and I have to find out the inverse of this particular lattice or rather reciprocal of this particular lattice then I have to find reciprocal of this particular lattice. I have to define what will be my primitive vectors corresponding to reciprocal lattice which is given by capital A, capital B and capital C okay. So, what I will do using these A, B, C which are supposed to be known because I know what is the my direct lattice type I want to find out what is its reciprocal lattice. So, using these I will find out capital A, capital B and capital C once I know capital A, capital B, capital C these will be treated as the primitive vectors of the reciprocal lattice then I again like a direct lattice take a linear combination of these vectors and generate the entire reciprocal lattice in 3 dimensional space okay. So, starting with this A, B, C let us first find out what are the equations which are relating to capital A, capital B, capital C these are given in the following transparency. So, if I know A, B, C first I have to find out A dot B cross C which is actually the volume contained between these 3 vectors A, B, C then capital A is defined as 2 pi remember in the numerator when there is A there is no A here B cross C divided by A dot B cross C. These factors are common in all the B, C so 2 pi there is a 2 pi here there is a 2 pi here A dot B cross C is here A dot B cross C is here A dot B cross C is here okay. Here there is A so there is a B cross C here there is a B so B is missing so you have C cross A remember you have to go in a cyclic case because C cross A is different from A cross C then you say capital C then you have A cross B. So, from B whatever is the next that you put first so after A there is a B so you put B here then cross C then there is a B so you put for C then cross A then there is a C you first put A cross B alright. So, this is the way I define I just like to mention that if you will take some very very old textbooks of x-ray crystallography okay many times you will find that this factor 2 pi is not there okay. So, in the older you know definitions of reciprocal lattice this 2 pi factors were missing but the current trend or current way of representing these things includes these 2 pi factors. You remember when I mean when at least when we are students many times we are not following the assays I mean they rationalize the MK system view of units. So, this 1 upon 4 pi epsilon not you know we started writing much later because that made further equations comparatively simpler. So, now these 2 pi factors are introduced in this particular definition of A capital A B capital A capital B capital C so that the equations that I am going to talk later turn out to be somewhat simpler because that is what we are going to eventually use as far as the entire solid state fix is concerned okay. So, just I mean if you are getting confused with whatever I am saying you ignore whatever I said just now just take these as the definitions of capital A capital B capital C. Now, let us try to find out a simple let us take a direct lattice a simple cubic lattice and trying to find out the reciprocal lattice of this simple cubic lattice. As we have seen yesterday the primitive vectors of a simple cubic lattice is A is equal to A i remember i, j, k are unit vectors along x, y and z directions. So, you have A is equal to A i B is equal to A j C is equal to A k. So, first you have to find out B cross C. So, we find out B cross C B cross C this is cross C. So, A square there is A here there is A here so it will become A square multiplied by j cross k and j cross k is i as you know. So, B cross C will become A square i then for denominator I have to take A dot B cross C so A is A i. So, I have to take dot product of this with A for dot product does not matter whether you take this side or that side because A dot B is same as B dot A. So, once there is another A is you get multiplied by A cube then you have i dot i i dot i will give you one. So, this A dot B cross C is A cube and of course, you could have written this equation directly because you know that A dot B cross C is the volume enclosed by these three vectors and the volume enclosed by these three vectors will be the volume of the cube itself and which has a volume of A cube. So, now I can write what is my first primitive vectors of reciprocal lattice capital A this will be 2 pi as I have said B cross C which is A square i divided by A dot B cross C which is A cube here. So, this gives you 2 pi by A i. So, this is your capital A similarly you could find out capital B then you have to do C cross A find out capital C then you have to do A cross B and then you will find out that this turns out to be exactly equal to 2 pi by A i B will turn out to be equal to 2 pi by A j and C will turn out to be 2 pi by A k. So, this is the way it will turn out to be and as you can see that this particular thing has a dimension of inverse of length because A has a dimension of length this is a lattice constant. So, 2 pi by A this has a dimension of inverse of length this is inverse of length this is inverse of length and these 3 are all equal. So, if you treat this as some constant which is 2 pi by A this will generate a simple cubic lattice which has a lattice constant of 2 pi by A remember this lattice constant has a dimension of inverse of length and that is why it is a in the reciprocal lattice space or reciprocal space where everything is going to be talked in the dimension of inverse of length sometime we will also call it Fourier space, but you know that also is in the dimension of inverse of length. But let us I mean let us stick to this particular thing whatever we are trying to say trying to think somewhat simple. So, you can see that reciprocal lattice of a lattice simple cubic lattice which has a lattice constant of A turns out also to be a simple cubic lattice and its lattice constant turns out to be 2 pi by A. Let us take for one more lattice let us take for a body centered cubic lattice which is little more difficult than this simple cubic lattice. Earlier if you have remember we have said that A B C which are the primitive vectors of this body centered cubic lattice will be given by A by 2 when there is a first one there is a negative sign here A by 2 minus i plus j plus k this is the second one. So, there is a second one negative sign B is equal to A by 2 i minus j plus k this is third. So, there is a third one with the negative sign C is equal to A by 2 i plus j minus k. Now, first thing I take like before we take B cross C if I take B cross C there is A by 2 here there is A by 2 here. So, that will make it A square by 4 then I have to take cross product of this i minus j cross plus k cross i plus j minus k. So, I have to take I mean if there are three terms here there are three terms here. So, you will in principle get nine terms but you will realize that there are three terms will become zero because i cross i is zero j cross j is zero and k cross k is zero. So, first you start with i. So, i cross i is zero then you take i cross j that will become k then you take i cross k which is minus j but there is a negative sign here. So, that makes it plus j. So, you can verify that whatever I have written is alright if you take this particular cross product the outcome that you will get the result that you will get will be A square by 2 j plus k. Now, I have to take A dot B cross C it means I have to take dot product of this with respect to this then what I have done here A dot B cross C. So, you take this dot product of this then j dot j will become equal to one k dot k will become one i dot j will be equal to zero i dot k will be equal to zero j dot j is one k dot k is one. So, this will just give you two. So, the overall A dot B cross C is A cube by 2 which is also understandable because in body centered cubic lattice you have two points on the average. So, therefore, the volume occupied by A dot B cross C which actually will be the volume of the primitive unit cell not the conventional unit cell. This will be half of the volume of the conventional unit cell which is A cube by 2. So, now you can see that capital A turns out to be equal to 2 pi by A j plus k. Now, if you do exactly the same thing for the other thing you will find out that capital A turns out to be this B capital B turns out to be this and capital C turns out to be this. And if you remember these were the type of primitive vectors which we had for the case of FCC lattice. So, actually the reciprocal of a body centered cubic lattice turns out to be a face centered cubic lattice. And with the lattice constant of 4 pi by A remember here whatever was appearing was A by 2 both in BCC and FCC it was A by 2 which was appearing here in simple cubic lattice it was just A appearing here because A i A j A k but when I am talking of body centered cubic lattice it is A by 2 A by 2 A by 2. So, whatever is this factor multiplied by twice will be the lattice constant and that is what you can see here this particular thing has to be multiplied by twice by by 2. So, this turns out to be FCC lattice of a lattice constant 4 by by A. Similarly, you can show that reciprocal of a face centered cubic lattice will be a body centered cubic lattice again of lattice constant 4 by by A. This is one important factor which I always insist on students to remember especially if I am doing a course on condensed matter physics okay telling them very very clearly that you should remember reciprocal of a simple cubic lattice of lattice constant A has a lattice constant 2 pi by A but when you are going a reciprocal of BCC to A becomes FCC the lattice constant becomes 4 pi by A and not 2 pi by A. So, similarly you can show that reciprocal lattice of a face centered cubic lattice will turn out to be like this you can do the calculation exactly in the same fashion which turns out to be a BCC lattice of lattice constant 4 pi by A. Now, there are certain important relationships which you can see if you take A dot A will turn out to be equal to 2 pi all B dot A C dot A will be 0. Similarly, B dot B will be equal to 2 pi C dot C will be equal to 2 pi all other things I am sorry yeah I think there is I should have written A dot B equal to 0 here that I will correct it here because A dot A is equal to pi A dot B should be equal to 0 A dot C should be equal to 0. So, this I will correct it I mean this is the thing wrong with this thing but I am repeating this thing here I should actually written A dot B is equal to 0 but you know before uploading that I will correct it. So, you can see that only A dot A B dot B and C dot C will be equal to 2 pi others will be 0 this can be very easily seen from the definitions themselves. If I talk take A dot B cross C this will give you one so A dot A will be equal to 1. Similarly, if you take B dot B you will get B dot C cross A which you know by vectors that B dot C cross A is exactly same as A dot B cross A so this will give you one. Similarly, if I take C dot C I will get C dot A cross B again you can show that C dot A cross B is A dot B cross C so this will be equal to 1. Now if I take for example, A dot B then you realize this particular thing this particular vector A is perpendicular both to B and C because this is having a direction of B cross C and B cross remember this is scalar. This particular thing is the only vector thing here B cross C will be a direction which will be in a direction which is perpendicular to both B and C. So, if I take A dot B then I am taking a dot product of something which is in the direction of C to something which is in perpendicular direction to C so their dot product will turn out to be equal to 0 because cos 90 is 0. Similarly, A dot C by the same arguments will be equal to 0. So, you can see that all cross dot products turn out to be 0 other than A dot A B dot B C dot C in fact that is one of the ways of calling reciprocal because this almost appears that 2 but multiplied by 1 upon 2 actually should have been equal to 1 but because of this 2 pi inclusion no this becomes equal to 2 pi. Now like we have been used to defining a translation vector in direct lattice as a linear combination of its primitive vectors. So, a translation vector in a direct lattice is defined as n 1 A plus n 2 B plus n 3 C where n 1 n 2 n 3 are integers positive negative or 0. Similarly, we can define a translation vector reciprocal lattice space using these capital A capital B and capital C which is m 1 A plus m 2 B plus m C.  So, like the position vectors of all the points of the lattice will be generated by these vectors. Similarly, position vectors of all the points in the reciprocal lattice space will be generated by this particular equation. There is another property which I would which is of interest which I will discuss the use of that I will discuss. If I take g dot t it means if I take the dot product which I have defined this is a translation vector in direct lattice this is a translation vector reciprocal lattice. If I take g dot t then I will get m 1 n 1 then A dot A which I have already seen will be equal to 2 pi. Then if I take dot product of this with this will be 0 take dot product of this with this is 0. Similarly, when I take dot product of this with this is 0 when I take b dot b this will be 2 pi. Similarly, c dot c will be equal to 2 pi all others will be 0. So, this you can see that g dot t will be equal to 2 pi m 1 n 1 plus m 2 n 2 plus m 3 n 3 all other will be 0.  So, the entire quantity here has to be integer. Therefore, this thing will be equal to 2 pi times n integer n integer. And if I write this e raise power i g dot t that you know you can write as cos of g dot t plus i sin g g by 2. And because g dot t 2 is 2 pi times an integer it is very clearly that e raise power i g dot t turns out to be equal to 1. In fact, many people define reciprocal lattice using this particular concept. Some people define with respect to the equations which I have given you just now that a dot a is equal to 2 pi. They are all equivalent definitions of the reciprocal lattice. Now, we will try to talk about axillary diffraction. Then we will see how this concept of reciprocal lattice is used in the axillary diffraction. First of all, when I am talking of axillary diffraction, the first step will be to consider that diffraction takes place only from the Bravais lattice points. It is very, very important to realize not very, very clearly understood or mentioned. The thing is that we have said lattice points are only points. On these points we are keeping a reasonably big size atoms. And in fact, we have said a better picture is to say that these atoms are touching each other. So, in principle you have electrons or whatever it is existing at a much larger area than these points. But whenever we are talking of Bravais law or for example, Law's law, it is considering the diffraction only from lattice points. The effect of basis is not being considered here. The effect of basis we will consider later. This is very, very important thing to realize. So, let us assume at this particular moment that diffraction is taking place only from the lattice points. In other words, if I want to be more general, I would say that Bravais law and Law's law takes care of diffraction considering only the translational symmetry. What happens within the basis is not being considered in neither in Bravais law nor in Law's law. These things have to be introduced later, which I will do at the end of this particular lecture. That would be one of my job to explain you this particular difference that when we actually start putting atoms, what additional effects does it cause? But at the moment, let us assume that diffraction is taking place only from the lattice points. It is not taking place from everywhere. See, remember if you are talking for example X-rays, X-ray in fact get diffracted from electrons, electron density and you know if you are talking of an atom, electrons could be everywhere. In fact, it depends on their wave function of what are those electrons, their wave functions and there will be some probability of finding electron various points in the space. Wherever there is an electron, in principle electron, the X-rays could get diffracted from that particular point. So, it is never correct picture that X-ray gets diffracted only from lattice point. But as far as Bravais law is concerned, this is only considering diffraction from lattice point. It is only taking care of the translational symmetry aspect. What happens when actually I put a big size atom at this lattice point has to be considered separately. So, let me repeat initially consider diffraction only from Bravais lattice point. The effect of diffraction from basis will be considered later. Then I describe Bravais law which of course I will not derive it because this is considered a very very I mean in the high school we discussed. But I will like to emphasize only on those aspects where I feel that generally with my experience of teaching IIT students, I find that students are generally confused about this particular thing. So, that is the only thing I would like to emphasize. Now, what Bravais law does is, simply it takes care of the lattice by drawing various set of planes. In yesterday's lecture, we have talked about what we mean by lattice planes. These planes must contain a lattice point and a parallel plane will pass through all the lattice points is what we said. So, you can draw various sets of parallel planes inside a lattice. So, what Bravais did considered various sets of planes inside the lattice. Now, consider one of those sets. Now, in order that a Bravais deflection condition or a diffraction condition is satisfied from these set of planes. For different set of planes we have to consider differently. Let us choose one set of plane. If condition of diffraction has to be satisfied, then two conditions have to be made. This is very very important that two conditions have to be both have to be made together. Just satisfying one of the conditions will not cause diffraction. Both the conditions have to be there. First of all, you must have a condition of what we call as Spatula reflection. Spatula reflection actually means that angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection. Like reflection which happens in the normal mirror for example, of course in this particular case I will just maybe just mention that this theta is not the angle of incidence. So, there is slight difference the way optics people treat. See if you have let us say one plane and there is a beam of light is coming here and it is getting reflected like this. In optics, this is what is called angle of reflection or let me write phi and this is what is called angle of reflection. Both these angles are equal. While if you are having lattice planes here just drawing. So, this is let us draw a line to when the x-ray is getting incident here it is this angle which you call as a glancing angle is treated as theta. So, you should not get confused this theta is actually the glancing angle which is the angle from this particular plane. So, in x-ray diffraction we always take this as theta and not this. So, both these conditions have to be satisfied that you should have 2 d sin theta is equal to lambda where d is the distance between the planes of course theta is the angle which I have just now defined lambda is the wavelength the x-ray wavelength that you are using and n is an integer. So, if this condition is satisfied then only you will get spectral reflection but only in that particular theta corresponding to which angle of incidence is same as angle of reflection. So, you must maintain this particular condition simultaneously. In fact, this is generally a very standard quiz question that what is the difference between x-ray reflection in fact many times we call it x-ray reflection though actually it is x-ray diffraction many times you do not speak very very correctly. So, what is the difference between x-ray reflection and the normal reflection and the basic answer for this thing is that in a normal reflection if angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection you will get reflection in that particular direction no further condition has to be satisfied but in the case of x-ray diffraction you will get only when 2 d sin theta is equal to l lambda is also satisfied both these conditions have to be satisfied together. Let me just explain this particular thing using drawing some particular planes. Let me just first read this particular thing. So, the thing is that if you are using a single crystal and a monochromatic beam of x-rays then as we will be seeing that sin theta for various type of planes are already fixed if they are already fixed these are already fixed then it is very very unlikely that the condition 2 d sin theta is equal to lambda will be exactly satisfied. So, generally what we do in actual experiment one of these things have to be continuously buried this is what I will be discussing later. So, if you use a single crystal and a monochromatic beam of x-ray the angle of incidence for all the planes is fixed in that case no break break reflection may be observed. There is small probability that you will observe but chances are that you will not observe this also will become very clear. So, let us just draw a 2 dimensional thing to make it somewhat simpler to explain the point which I am trying to say. So, I have drawn various planes in fact this case I have drawn 2 set of planes one is what I am writing with this red thing and this is sort of bluish thing or brownish thing. So, this is one set of planes I have drawn 2 parallel planes like this I have drawn 2 parallel planes like this these are different planes remember this is containing lattice point this also contains lattice point. So, if I take the perpendicular distance between these this will be the value of d for this set of planes for this particular set of planes this will be the value of d. Now, let us suppose my x-ray beam is incident in one particular direction it is like this of course I have drawn third set of planes which is like this which is this particular thing this is also a set of planes all right. Now, if this x-ray the way is coming as far as this red planes are considered the angle of glancing angle is this theta if I take these planes which are vertical planes then corresponding to this this is your glancing angle if I take these brown planes corresponding to them this is glancing angle. So, you can see that as I am drawing different planes theta's for all this set of planes are fixed this is theta for this set of planes this is theta for this set of planes this is the theta for this set of planes. So, this I have drawn 3 sets of planes and you can see that if x-ray beam is fixed then you are seeing that all the angles of this glancing angles corresponding to all these 3 sets are fixed all right. Now, in order that a Bragg diffraction condition is satisfied let us say from this particular plane this particular set of planes then in addition then you must have first of all 2D sin theta is equal to lambda n lambda if it so happens that for this particular plane set of planes 2D sin theta is equal to n lambda is satisfied then you will get a diffracted beam in this particular direction somewhere in this particular direction where this theta will be same as this theta all right. Now, suppose Bragg diffraction condition is satisfied for this set of planes then in that particular case this is the angle of this is the glancing angle then you will get a diffracted beam in this particular direction somewhere here. So, that this is theta if Bragg reflection condition is satisfied for this particular set of planes 2D sin theta is equal to n lambda then this has been the angle of incidence like this then the diffracted beam will come like this somewhere here like this where this angle will be same as this angle. So, you will see that first of all you should have 2D sin theta is equal to n lambda if at all you have 2D sin theta is equal to n lambda then for this particular plane if you have then Bragg reflection beam will come here. So, that this angle becomes equal to this if it gets satisfied with this then Bragg reflection beam will come this particular direction not in that particular direction because it must satisfy the angle of incidence to be equal to angle of reflection from that particular set of plane for which 2D sin theta is equal to n lambda is also satisfied. So, I hope this particular part is clear of Bragg reflection because I have generally found that this particular aspect people are fairly confused. So, that is what I said you need a continuous variation because generally if you fix everything you fix lambda, thetas automatically get fixed. Generally chances are that you may not get any set of plane for this condition is satisfied then older system we had 3 different type of methods by which you used to vary certain thing one was Lawyer's method. Lawyer's method you are not using a monochromatic beam but you are using a continuous beam of x-rays. So, we are using continuous x-rays for one particular lambda you may not be able to satisfy 2D sin theta is equal to n lambda but there are so many lambdas which are continuously varying. So, for some lambda it may get satisfied. So, then here chances of getting Bragg reflection increases. There is another method which is to called rotating crystal where you used to rotate the crystal. So, this theta were continuously being varied. So, at a one particular value of theta 2D sin theta is equal to n lambda will get satisfied and then you will get Bragg reflection condition. Third method which was more common method which was also called Debye-Scherrin method was powder method where you are actually not using single crystal but powdering the sample to very fine thing and therefore all these powders which are all now single crystals they are randomly oriented with respect to each other. So, you essentially get a continuous distribution of theta. So, that was one of the most common methods. But the days that these days that we are using here the standard modern x-ray machines of x-ray x-ray is a very very powerful technique and there are multiple uses of x-rays people use x-ray I mean it is a sort of bread and butter for a large number of material scientists metallurgists earth scientists physicists chemists and there are special type of machines which are used for a specific type of studies. But let me tell you about the most standard x-ray machine which generally we called as theta 2 theta geometry which is the most commonly used method of x-ray diffraction what we do here let me first draw my x-ray let us suppose my x-ray is like this and my sample somewhere here what you do this is what we call as theta.   So, what you normally do you will start let us say from a very small value of theta then you keep on increasing theta slowly. So, you keep on rotating this particular thing when you keep on rotating this particular thing in order that this theta condition has to be maintained this particular theta has to be same as this theta you can see from this particular geometry that detector has to be rotated with twice the angular velocity. So, if this is rotated by theta detector gets rotated by 2 theta this is generally called theta 2 theta geometry thing here important thing to realize here that this condition of specular reflection is satisfied only for this particular set of plane. So, you are always watching this particular plane when you are doing x-ray diffraction by standard theta 2 theta geometry. So, for example, if this is a polycrystalline material then you will only see this particular plane this particular plane what is happening to this plane for that you know specular reflection condition is not at all getting satisfied. So, only those planes which are parallel to this particular thing only those corresponded them this particular condition will be satisfied. So, you will be only be able to see planes which are oriented which are in this particular direction. So, this is what is called theta 2 theta geometry. So, for example, if you have a single crystal which is 1 0 0 oriented in this particular direction it means 1 0 0 direction is like this then you are what you will be seeing only 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 planes and things like that. So, this is what happens in the standard XRD geometry these days.


Moving into the having now you're so inclined to answer all your questions to the best of my abilities and we'll do the little q&a and go from there That's it Thanks for stopping by french toaster Thanks, rob. Thanks for stopping in man That's right ditch says Have you taken a profit of 50k? It took a little It took a little and of course This is what's great about being with you guys. There's no tourists here So like when I say it took some a little bit of profits people, you know when the tourists come in And we're at whatever we're at And I say anything about profits are like, ah, you're weak and you got prep at hands and pop up All right, sure So who knows tomorrow could be 49 000 or 47 000 whatever else Did I sell the majority of my crypto today or my bitcoin? No, that would be in my personal opinion ridiculous But maybe somebody knows something Maybe somebody knows that there's an alien invasion coming or world war three is happening I have no idea and they sold everything uh, but yeah a little bits and um But I don't think that the alts have run yet I think everything starts with bitcoin People take a little bit of profits put it into alts because they like to gamble and they go into smaller caps and smaller caps and that's Where the money's made, but it's the most risky thing you can do Thanks, dad. I'm not Nobody's dad here. Well, maybe I don't know Goku says, uh, that's still on solana. Yeah, I own some of that I know a lot of stuff as you guys all know seven over 70 different cryptos Oh, but you know 75 roughly is is uh, bitcoin Rightful clown. I I misspoke there Ah meme is here Smead is here j2day rusty bot solar wind. Thanks. Thanks. Thanks. Thanks PCY says not selling PCY sounds good Everybody's journey is different, right? Rip Monero, you know Monero took a big big Dump because of the delisting of finance, but you know, tom crown called it He goes, I'm gonna buy it. There's nothing wrong with it. Was there a double spend something fundamentally wrong with the chain He's like no I think he made like 20 like uh, he might have done a leverage play because I know he was up over 20 percent Which is pretty good I'm not that guy. Tom's that guy go watch tom crown for that stuff Jerry so I want that's the grown up thing to do take profit Yeah, but remember people will say well if you're going to take profit you're going from the hardest state the hardest asset out there Into Essentially one that is being devalued daily in inflation. That's very true So just remember that when you take profits into certain assets when you go into cash You know just sit on cash forever at some point you have to deploy that cash And you're never going to stop investing into different asset classes PJ hey Rob. Do you think the pandemic black swan might have stopped the pre having pump Right straight through to the post having pump. No, remember I mean we went from I remember it was like 9,800 10,000 whatever it was and it dropped all the way to like $3,200 That was on march 15th, but around that same time The federal reserve came out and goes don't worry everybody. We got you Quantitative easing stimming checks stimmy checks to the moon. No problem And at that point everybody's like no the jigs up Looks like uh, we're getting free money. So I can't really tell you one way or the other if they wouldn't have stepped in I think it wouldn't have been just the just bitcoin and the crypto market that would have collapsed I think it would have been all markets would have collapsed and that's why they stepped in now They're going to pay that price even today, but do what you got to do Nick says exchange bludgeoned cash behind some of that Bucketurners says, uh, will the cloud news ever return to the channel? It will if I can get the filter to work that was through snapchat. It was a great thing Unfortunately, uh, they don't Support that anymore. I'm very sorry Not too late to buy bitcoin. That's a great. That's a that's a great handle. Honestly Thanks for keeping it real. I like watching you with ben and that's it But ben's endless bearishness is pushing away for his visually like gee whiz man open your eyes look Ben is ben and he's just like he's like I got to see this number and I got to see it at this point I got us and I'm like sounds good you know though what if What if it just comes out of this like because I was I was thinking about this and like, man, I've had ben Ben could be totally 100 correct. Like what if Bitcoin just goes crazy parabolic, you know, like it'd be very difficult because the mark caps are a trillion so for it to double actually No, it's all about It's a lot x factors and and multiples. It's not just about market cap. That is true But uh, I mean if it's true that's uh, you know traditional markets and institutions are gobbling it up as much It's a safe way and sometimes it's not sometimes most times It's about minimizing your risk to get the best return And for that one, I got no problems with what uh, you know, people just get buying bitcoin Although that's why I like dabble into alts because I'm like, hey It goes up 100 x I'll take it But uh, yeah, you know Hey, we're all we're all different. That's why I love the show NFA live It's like I'm kind of more like the de jenny person and ben's kind of more like the conservative And guy's just the guy in the middle with great takes and fantastic, uh knowledge. So it works out great Ah, jean louise Hey, rob anthony pomp has credibility and is an excellent has credibility is an excellent investor of bitcoin Especially until I gotta agree He is great I can't uh, the guy sounds very smooth like very very smooth on tv Ah, ben's haircut is here. That's fantastic Jose says what if you only sell 20 20 if I didn't ride the rest of 2030 wouldn't be that bad the thing is though No, I mean you can do that. Sure Uh, probably work out pretty well and who knows we might not have a crash this time We we may get mass adoption for everything, but I guess it really depends on your You know the the digital asset that you're into are you talking about bitcoin? That worked out pretty well for like my friend simon dixon We got into bitcoin like at three bucks and has been holding forever Uh, but if you're like, you know, I'm getting to um, you know, there's a crypto called meth and it's in the top 70 Maybe you're in the meth Again, it's called it's a crypto and uh, you know hold it to 2030 you probably go broke unless it's some awesome thing, I'm not sure Hotel spell check. I have a promise spell checks to nazis here Now as bitcoin reaches reaching near atom highs. I wonder if that means that bitcoin will surge past too far higher prices Or this bull cycle went early. I don't think it's going to end early Especially with the narrative that's out there especially with the bullishness that we see but again, I will warn everybody I want to make this crystal clear In the bear market you always feel like it will never get better and it will just keep going down As we chop sideways you always feel it's going to drag Again forever and it will never go up or down because it's just going sideways And when we go into bull market and we get extremely bullish like some people are feeling right now You will feel the euphoria and believe that it will never go down and the market Is not perfect and it will do the opposite of what you expect So having said all that good luck I know but I got to tell everybody the truth. I mean sweet mary and joseph. I could just be bullish It'd be great for the channel, but it's bad for everybody's bank account Uh Rob is the best followers. That's true.  Do you think bitcoin wants to get dipped before propelling up and how much of a pullback will it be? Usually it's always a dip and usually we see a dip after the halving because Not usually but I mean you will hear the people go out to buy the to buy the rumor sell the news That's going to happen in for the halving. Usually it does but I'm not in any hurry to like sell 25 50 of my bitcoin and just kind of based on that I still think that's for me Doing a little value cost avenue to lump sum every so often and you know dca and along the way works out pretty well So to answer your question if it is a pullback Historically, I mean you're looking at what five ten percent not too bad. I'm not you know, that's it but Watch out for macro watch out for jobs reports Which will probably be manipulated because we have a presidential election this year in America Which will be taking place on super tuesday in november of 2024.  What is the price of sweat that you like to dump your token? No offense the sweat team great product selling as a part of the game. I bought it in the penny and a half Let's see how much it is. I will sell it three cents remember everybody I Cannot be disillusioned am I pleasant demeanor. I will dump on everybody And that's the goal that's not the goal to dump everybody the goal is just to do your best and Take the risk At some point take profits someone's going to call that dump. That's fine.  There's There's no free rides, baby. That's what it is So sweat economy is essentially the stable coin of my entire portfolio And it's at a penny Let's take a look at the max. Woof. Look at that I wish I would have seen right here. Some people say well, Rob Why don't you sell right here? Why don't you sell it? Seven and a half cents. Well, I would have But I got into the seed round At a great discounted price of a penny and a half I'm not I'm not mad. It's a great product. It's a great project. It is it's just Doesn't have much price appreciation Why is that it's because this entire market is based on speculation and hype for the most part And we've we've done many examples alluvium Helium great products great products But like a tenth of what they were worth back in the speculation days of 2021. So I probably sell some of three cents go from there Let's see What's your sell strategy only great great question Excellent question. I've had a couple over the years I'm gonna try and they all pretty much work To some degree But you just have to make sure that you follow through and don't be a knucklehead and say well if it 10x and that means it can 20x and if it can 20x that means it can 1000x or something crazy like that So like I said In the description of all my videos And There is a link and it's this particular Video why and when i'm selling 80% of my crypto And what I should do is another watch along watch alongs are pretty fun because I play the old video But I have myself in the lower Corner right over here And I just answer questions as people are going along watching the video with me. So I'll do that again Just to make sure everybody's Understands it So I think that's I think it's more important. I think everybody can buy dips right I think we're all pros meth equals muradis The russ conan meth is meth dub Ski Hey, Rob finally got my stuff back from Celsius. Congratulations, man. I'm happy for you Are you going to speculate and diversify with your distributions on hold? No Uh, essentially they gave it to me in bitcoin and eith and I kept it in bitcoin eith and that was it It was like was easy Yeah, paleon house is election year printable circle and burr. I have to agree with you. I do and even you know and There was a uh, there was a picture that's been circulating I will bring this up right now so everybody can be aware I don't think this is what the intention was But I could be wrong and it is uh Our president Senior joe biden who has what I thought was laser eyes And people were freak were flipping out even me. I was like, hey, this I don't know if he got hacked or whatever But this is real. This is from president joe biden's account with a whopping 100,000 view followers always got 37 followers. It's amazing and uh What it really is is people tell me that he is embracing the dark biden or What is it? Brand and dark brand and that's what it is how he's embracing the dark brand and moniker And uh, he's going to run with that. So some people say that's not with bitcoin and all but that was pretty funny And people are like, ah, it's going to pump and then today it pumped But I don't think it's what it was interesting stuff From the president of the united states Great No dips is very bad Yeah, hard-working man says by low sell high solid solid solid Wow jupiter mojo says hey rob finally got some sales his bitcoin bag this week and sold at 50k today We'll see pretty good. Let's see what it goes down to we're up tanspool is a great name Great job getting james back james never left I just got to have him on the show. He's having he's had me on the show like twice I haven't I've been caught a jerk and hasn't invited him. He's a busy guy I You're in shock You have a point Ah the pool pick Yes, Jose Felix has it right. It's a green screen. Gee Christmas christmas. It's good that dark fast Yep, the whole is right. The whole is good, but don't hold too long lose all your gains as we talked about Jesse rob. Do you feel like cardinal will reach us all the time high again? I know it's impossible to know what I will be shocked isn't I will be shocked too three dollars Some people say it may be very difficult But I believe it can and you know who can tell you To do that and find out this guy right here What's up dan? Excellent show, especially if you want to know things of what's going on with cardano midnight charles hoskinson the things that I did not know about so There's a link in the description for dan. Sorry dan. I only linked it to your x account because It's really good there, but they can find your youtube stuff excellent guy fantastic Yeah, buddy Yeah, it's here dark brandon. Thank you nos. Thank you cow with a case here Let's see. What did I miss? Let's see ccv says thanks rob. What's your exit strategy for aida? Well again, you know like Like that video. It's all just takes a look at Another one that I like to look at is the time and risk bands And of course that's on ben's Ben's site and just takes a look at just the time Of what the price action for specific alt coins have been I take a look at that Then I can also take a look at an rsi take a look at the index itself and say is this oversold probably is So to answer dan's question probably time and risk bands also to kind of time it also with because usually The coin runs first you got a couple months then all start to crash Then you go into like this big depression as far as like the four-year cycles So I won't sell my alts with the bitcoin I probably sell a little bit bitcoin first then a boatload of alts And then I'll just disappear and as a reminder Dan, I think we talked about this During the bull market the parabolic bull when I sell my crypto. I'm stepping down from this channel and that'll be it so The reason is is because nobody needs me in the bull market You guys don't the only thing that people really I think need are in the bear market They need people to tell them like this is where the millionaires are made I know it's tough But this is where you dollar cost average and this is where you kind of go along with the ride and just kind of Take your time time in the markets more important timing the market to a point So I'll step down from the channel and I'll come back when the bear market comes back And that's the plan not a good plan to raise You know memberships or viewers But I think it's the best option for everybody and that's it Oh, it's a good question What happened with you and james and ben? How come we don't deduce anymore? Okay? It's just it's just us and a thousand people Don't tell anybody.  I'm just kidding. So really what happened was this When me and ben and james did dca. It was a great show And I was kind of like ben and james Uh, you know, they were had they had different opinions, which was fine. We had no problems with each other But our communities hated each other So as we went into a bear market The whole idea of the show was to give everybody a little reprieve And to give them a little bit of a break from the markets and just kind of like sit back relax And just kind of listen to some some varying opinions of what could happen and make the best decision unfortunately A lot of people hated each other and when we got together it was a war So we said we all agreed we said it's best just let's just kind of split up for a bit And then, uh, you know, just let our let our communities calm the f down and then during that time like I was like I don't want to do anymore And then ben was the same way and then and then james like i'm going to pick up some and he picked up some great people He picked up uh, we're he picked up ran at first cto larson uh I think tom was in there for a bit and then, um Uh, I've been on tech and that's like a great show right there. So like and then that was cool. And then, uh, Ben was doing some things with a guy over at coin bureau on a weekly show and you know like Hey, you want to start it up again? I'm like not really But I mean maybe our Communities will jive and that was it pretty much it and I've been on james's show on dca and we all talk behind the scenes you know Behind the scenes we manipulate prices by selana. I'm just kidding or am I? as it Good story, right? All right. Well, that's it everybody. So That's it for today. It's getting late. It's getting dark I got to get out of here before you start to hear the koki frogs here in potorico But that's it for this piece like today's video give it a thumbs up consider subscribing everything we talk about is time sensitive Congratulations for everybody making it this far It seems great. I think we haven't seen anything yet Good luck. All right. Thanks so much. See you guys the next one. Have a great night


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards and I am ripping 2022 tops tier one baseball hobby 12 box case 58 random divisions here is the results to the last random as well Leave these up for a second as always if you want to see these in the future They'll be under the results tab on the website as well as a link in chat if you're currently there right now Uh, let's go ahead and get started. Good luck everybody And this is gonna be fun stuff We have been on a heater with tier one so far pulled a huge one-soto to five auto in the first case pulled a um Hobby bias bat barrel one-of-one in the second case been crazy man Now I think we just gotta add Nice there you go Dan All right, here we go guys good luck Had a book in the last box. I think all we need to do is pull a cut off. I think we've uh Officially done what we got to do in tier one for the day on to the next exactly Got Joe Musgrove 120 out of 399 the Padres Max Muncie 164 out of 399 relic for the Dodgers Oh, that's um, sorry. That's nl west and nl east my apologies. I forgot this is divisions nl east 59 out of 299 rookie automap veerling And again for the nl east tier one talent 127 out of 199 Ozzy albies There you go All right, cool Beautiful Yeah, jeff. I'm looking at the schedule right now 48. Uh definitive is right after this So it goes pretty much straight into your definitive Wow nice patch here for the nl west five of 25 brandon bell Nice one there nl west that's sick Grats on that Got uh 40 out of 299 tier one talent austin meadows al east there you go nam cue And for the rangers and our al west rookie auto yanni hernandez three out of 299 Daughter lina what's going on lina watching some breaks right now with the old man She's pokemon girl I think lina I think brad's uh streaming tonight daniel if you want to go over to gaming Have her check that one out. I don't know if she's doing pokemon purse I don't know if it's personal or group breaks tonight. I'll have to ask when it comes in We're way cool over here. I mean, yeah, I mean that's just assume at this point But uh nl central 236 out of 249 billon carlson relic bronze ink rookie auto uh nl east tyler mcgill Seven out of 25 on the mcgill And tier one talent to uh 129 out of 175 steve carlton nl east nice hit there congrats harper Sick hit Next box here we go. I'm so am for definitive I loved Yeah three cases We go right into soccer too like soccer. It's been that's been such a fun rip they sure do Uh tray mancini al east 248 out of 399 bat Brandon Lau 155 out of 299 al east autograph nice one there And al central 107 out of 299 jake burger rookie auto by way of the white socks You go for a burger right now All right Done that sound good Done that sound good Nice al east david orteez 121 out of 399 nice big poppy nl east 97 out of 199 auto sisto sanchez A sick one here on a legend about 10 of 10 silver ink autograph nl west wand marishall Congrats john a on the wand marishall that's a sick legend hit silver ink auto heck yeah Love seeing that nl central 299 out of 399 that is devin williams relic got tier one talent autograph 123 out of 299 kent herbeck al central And nam cue having a really good break for himself al east 251 out of 299 dj lamay hu auto Congrats again nam cue al east always Is gonna hit hard with the just with the inks in the socks Yeah true true Yeah That's a very good point All right, we've got nl west cody bellinger bat relic 64 out of 299 nl east nick fortez 124 out of 299 marlins The rookie auto on that one as well And tier one talent 130 out of 299 nl east austin riley making a little bit of a push for himself toward the end with the MVP voting There you go again heartbreak with the nl east Come on something big We're still lacking something big here hoping so here Got al east again erin judge 93 out of 299 pinstripe Got randy a rosa reina 206 out of 299 rays congrats again nl or al east Got al west this time that is jake mires 49 out of 299 rookie auto astros And nice one here 39 out of 99 nl east chipper jones congrats again harper On the chipper auto heck yeah That's sick All right four boxes to go. Let's see what we can do. We got jim tome uh nl east again 115 out of 399 Phillies Clayton kershaw nl west 79 out of 249 dodgers Got kyle moeller rookie auto 295 out of 299 nl east for the braves And going back to the nl west 280 out of 299 walker bueller autograph By way of the dodgers Like he comes back and Oh my god That's exactly what we need is the dodgers to get more loaded At the right time too Al east that is 302 out of 399 ryan mount castle Got rookie auto nl west sammy long 118 out of 299 nl west Then we've got bronze ink tier one talent 17 out of 25 Byron buxton going to the al central congrats on this one simon Nice little buxton action there got 226 out of 249 nl west that is walker bueller It's on auto and earlier got nl central 139 out of 299 jesse winker By way of the reds now a seattle mariner and Uh 73 out of 99 nl west or al west excuse me matt olson Go into the Aids Two to go on definitive breaking next Heck yeah, thank you guys for filling that one up Last box of tier one Here we go Good luck everyone And we've got an al east 309 out of 349 oz al beast Nice one there We've got al west drew ellis rookie auto 111 out of 299 Hey, thank you. Andrew appreciate that last hit of the break going to the al east 37 out of 50 eddie murray Congrats again nam cue with the al east sick eddie murray pulled Literally in one of the cases we pulled this exact same card That'll do it for the break going to do a quick recap here guys Quick one over on the dust. All right start off with the relics. Here we go and al east to 349 oz al beast And al west to 249 walker buehler al east to 399 ryan mount castle and al west to 249 uh clayton kershaw uh nl east to 399 jim tomey al east to 299 randia rosa reina al east again to 299 erin judge and al west to 299 cody bellinger nl central to 399 debon williams al east to 399 david ortiz uh al east to 399 tray mancini nl central to 249 dylan carlson nl west sick patch on this one to 25 brandon bell Sick one there john max munsey to 399 nl west and joe musgrove to 399 nl west again And we've got our autos al east to 50 eddie murray uh nl west to 299 drew ellis rookie uh al west to 99 matt olson patch auto jesse winker to 299 nl central biron buxton to 25 bronze ink tier one talent al central nice one again there uh simon sammy long rookie autos 299 nl west kyle moeller rookie autos 299 nl east dot walker buller 299 nl west chipper jones to 99 nl east there you go harper grassland chipper uh jake mires to 299 al west uh nick fortes to 299 nl east tier one talent auto again for the nl east austin riley uh dj lemakiew al east to 299 tier one talent kent herbeck to 299 nl or al central a very good point They're uh brady. They are a sneaky team in this Uh six though sanchez to 199 nl east jake berger to 299 al central Uh brandon loud to 299 al east steve carlton to uh 175 nl east tyler mcgill bronze ink rookie auto to 25 uh nl east austin meadows 40 out of 299 that is al east yanni hernandez rookie auto to 299 nl west Aussie al beast to 199 tier one talent nl east matthew vealing rookie auto to 299 nl east and won marishaw 10 of 10 silver signings uh autograph nl west congrats again john on the sick legend hit That will do it for the break. Thanks again everyone next up tops definitive. Here we go