What you got Chevy? We've been here. We had this brilliant idea. Well, I had this brilliant idea That all these roots we don't need an excavator. We can just dig them out ourselves with shovels No problem We there was problems It's a lot more work than we thought it would be And we're just taking a break Those those roots are like as thick as my arm which isn't saying much for a human but for saying for a root that's pretty thick Chevy was just helping us out Chevy come here. Help me get these roots out of here We tried to pull them out of here. I know we got them mostly But there's no way we can get it Chevy Here Chevy get this one get this one get it Pull it out of there Get those roots out of there Get him He's happy with that a little bit.  Go ahead diesel. Just don't hurt your mind. Oh good job. Oh good job Wow It's all about which one you pick Just gotta pick the good ones Such a smart boy See, we thought that it would be a lot easier. Uh, no, we're gonna need an excavator So I think we're gonna focus on clearing the bush instead Getting that all cut down then we can just carry the sticks away Yep, I just got to try to cut them down low enough that hopefully our mower can get over it Get it diesel. Get it diesel Oh, yeah Oh Muscle man. Wow Go get him. Get him Chevy.  I could actually level it out now already It's no longer white as you can see It's now gray and black. I don't think it ever was white. I think it was I don't think it's not the whole thing I think it went from white there You can see it then it slowly turned darker going this way The neighbors just let their dog out They they're usually pretty good about getting them to be quiet though. It's just not used to neighbors being here yet There we go. See he's quiet So we got a lot more clearing done. You'll see there's more big piles out here at the front Like I was saying before there's no way we're going to be digging these roots out by hand But hey can't say we didn't try We'll get an excavator a little mini excavator in here and it'll Make cake work of it. Is that a saying? So this is where the bush came up to Before we got here and we cleared it all the way back there yet from this rock back to there Got mowed in here a little bit, but it's very hard to mow because of all these roots sticking up And we may push it back a little bit further yet or we may just leave it shaded and treed like this in this section Little trials leading through here We're thinking of clearing it all the way up to the edge here Which would mean all of this has to come down yet But not today Not today. We may leave it. I think we'll probably leave some of the bigger ones Just for some shade in our side yard because the house will be right over there And then all this yet Oh, that's like an enchanted forest We'll have trails leading through there and everything where we can just go on like nature walks and stuff That'll be fun We're both pretty tired today Britt worked really hard Piling up all these sticks I helped her with those out there, but she did lots of it most of it actually I was trying to mow down what grass I could And cut down more of these bushes That's our progress for this week Now it's time to head back home and Shower up clean up put all the tools away Got to go back to work tomorrow.  That's why I'm not at work today Had to go see the bank we had a couple of other appointments out here And for the rest of the afternoon it's such a beautiful day. We didn't want to just go and waste it sitting inside I figure why not come out here I just had to boost the camper and use the truck battery to open up the awning. It's a power awning But the battery's dead. So I also had to boost the the mower over here, too Nothing a Chevy can't do How you feeling Brit? Where'd you go? Where'd you go? Feeling good about the work we got done? You first gonna have to take an ad bill before bed. The old back can't take it. You did work really hard That was good. It's getting there always feels good to get lots of sun and lots of extra suns We almost forgot to shovel. Oh, yeah, I saw that there And we gotta put the awning back in. Oh, yeah Keep this open for Chevy Got power coming from the Chevy to the Rockwood I'm gonna pull this thing in See if I can set you down here properly so you can get a view of it It's nice to have a power awning, but it's also A little bit inconvenient when the battery is dead


Dürghan Ukrainian army had to supply them some food dereg wage and in those positions travelling. At that time teachers are also forced to divide theKS towardshesia and workingIC mortgages.�� mens per laghe. Wethose teachers do not supply the car for CARs. जो दिय आपनों को आमा बीट्रिट की बहुला गिला तेभे आमा चैनल को लिक, शेर, और सबस्क्रेप करीपा कु जमा भी बलूं तो नहीं


Hello everyone, bonjour à tous, chag sa mère. Tonight at Sundown, Jewish people in Canada and around the world will mark the Jewish New Year, Rosh Hashanah. This is a moment for coming together, for festive meals, prayers at synagogue, and the blowing of the shofar. And for reflecting on the year that has passed while looking ahead with hope and optimism. The last two years have been difficult, but I am very happy to know that you will be more gathered for the festivities this year. The apples planted in the honey, the time spent with the family and friends, this celebration puts in value several traditions. It is a moment of reflection and renewal towards the year that comes. This celebration also offers Canadians the opportunity to thank the Jewish community for everything it does to fight for a better Canada. My friends, I know how troubling the rise of anti-Semitism has been, and I want to be clear. Our government will always stand up for the Jewish community and will always stand against hatred and anti-Semitism wherever and whenever it exists. Because Canada is a place where diversity and inclusion thrives. It's a place where you will always be able to practice your traditions and faith without fear or intimidation and where we're always striving to do better for our neighbors, for our kids, and for our communities. I hope that this new year that you will enjoy will be filled with health and happiness and that you will be able to share it with the people you love. Shana Tova, Ometoka.


Now imagine multiple customer networks are connected to some provider networks. Now these provider networks may also be connected to other provider networks. You can take an analogy from the customer premises equipment that is connected to the access network and that access network is connected to the core network. Now since the core network is basically a very large network so the traffic within the core is carried on a backbone and from that backbone the traffic is relayed from one access network to another access network. So here also we are going to extend and build on that concept through the concept of provider backbone bridges. These provider backbone bridges essentially are used to provide connectivity between provider networks. Since we are talking about provider networks that is source provider network and destination provider network and since we have already talked about utilizing s tag in addition to the vlan id or the or the c tag here we are somehow forced to think about some kind of addressing of every network. For that the source and destination MAC addresses are now used which identify the provider networks. So it means that in order to enter the ethernet based traffic from one provider backbone bridge to another provider backbone bridge we actually are interested to use MAC addressing to transfer from one provider's network to another provider network. It means now the backbone is going to be the connectivity between two provider networks each identified with their own MAC address. Now the operation within the provider backbone network is that the switches which belong to the provider backbone network look at the MAC addresses and these MAC addresses are then referred to the forwarding table. The forwarding table how it is developed in a soft way at a particular switch is something that we are already aware of. This provider backbone network uses an additional tag in addition to the c tag and the s tag that we call the i tag. The i tag has as such a length of 24 bits. Now you may wonder why it is given a length of 24 bits. There's a very interesting reason to it when we talk about intra provider network traffic or intra customer network traffic we are talking about a limited number of nodes but when we talk about the provider networks there could be numerous or uncountable provider networks that the backbone is supposed to provide connectivity to. So that is why in order to keep it scalable in order to provide backbone services to multiple provider networks the length has been kept double to what 12 bits we have seen before. The provider backbone bridges use this i tag which separates the traffic as it enters from one provider network to another and the only thing that modifies is the source and destination MAC addresses. So we have the i tag we have the source and destination MAC addresses. The only thing that is of interest is and it's very very relevant that is when we talk about the provider backbone network there is an entry and exit point to the to the backbone. So it means that the intermediate switches within that backbone are not necessarily required to be provider backbone enabled. They just have to behave like provider bridges because if we are talking about a backbone connecting two endpoints then we are only interested in the ingress and egress behavior of the provider backbone bridge. Let's look at this figure once again. Here we see we have multiple customer networks. These customer networks are connected to each other through a provider network. Now the provider networks are connected to each other via provider backbone bridge network which uses additional information like the i tag and it also has a b tag that is the backbone tag. Now this backbone tag identifies the backbone as such and we see that now it is using the source and destination MAC addresses. The overall header now includes two MAC addressings that is source and destination MAC addressing both for the customer as well as for identifying the backbone endpoints. Then we have the tags the c tag s tag and the i and b tag.


Welcome back to 353! So today get to continue our journey on page replacement algorithms. So before where we left off we were like oh we can't implement least recently used because it would be too expensive so we can implement some type of approximation of that and that is what we get into today and it is called the clock algorithm. And why? So for reasons that will become apparent in the next slide you can visualize it as a clock. So the data structures we need are we're going to keep a circular list of pages that are currently in memory and this instead of having like a time stamp that keeps track of when a page was last accessed we're going to use a single bit of information called the reference bit that will indicate whether or not a page has been used somewhat recently yes or no that's it just one bit of information and that's going to be updated by hardware so we're going to essentially get it for free whenever we access memory so that will be handled by the MMU. So the other thing this algorithm needs is the hand the hand of the clock which is basically just an iterator that points to the last element examined and then the algorithm only really has two steps so to insert a new page to figure out something we have to kick out we're going to check the element the hand is currently pointing to whatever page that is if its reference bit is zero that means we haven't used it in a while we're going to kick it out of memory and then go ahead and put the new page into memory set its reference bit to one and advance the hand otherwise if what we're currently pointing at has a reference bit of one that means it was used somewhat recently we just change that bit from a one to a zero we do not kick it out of memory we give it a second chance we advance the hand and we keep on going around to find another victim and then whenever you access a page remember that was the thing that happens most often that we need to be really really fast if the reference bit of a page is currently at a zero it will go ahead and set it to a one so easiest way to do this is with a diagram so this lecture can be short depends how much practice we want to do so here is the the diagram the question would be set up like any other question we have so our physical memory can hold four pages and then we have the following accesses assuming all the pages are initially on disk so how I draw it is for each page so we have four the box on the top is the number of the page that is currently in memory right now the page is zero because well it's not loaded and at the bottom in the shaded box is the reference bit so it should either be zero or one and then to make it look like a clock it's a circular linked list of pages so this page points to this one which points to this one which points to this one which points to this one so it just goes around in a big circle and you can draw it like a circle so it looks like a clock the final thing is the hand so this is the arrow that is pointing to a single element and that's when we would start our algorithm so if we are currently accessing page one and we follow the algorithm well page one is not in memory so we have to load it into memory and then we figure out what to evict oh well we take the current hand it's pointing at an entry where the reference bit is zero doesn't actually represent a page so we're going to throw that out we're going to replace it so page one is going to come in we're going to set the reference bit to one and then we are going to advance the hand so everyone okay with that so far so this is going to happen for element two same thing is going to happen we're pointing at a page reference bit is zero so we're going to replace it we're going to put in page two in the memory reference bit is going to be one going to advance the hand then we access page three same thing happens access page four same thing happens now the fun begins when we access page five so now if we follow the algorithm we have to go around the entire clock and this will kind of seem like a pain in the butt to begin with so currently we need we're accessing page five so we need to kick something out of memory and if we follow the algorithm well our hand is pointing to page one its reference bit is one so we are not allowed to kick it out of memory we would set its reference bit to zero so it gets essentially one strike against it sometimes this algorithm is called the second chance algorithm so set its reference bit to zero advance the hand and then we try to replace page two its reference bit is one we cannot kick it out of memory so we would set its reference bit to zero advance the hand then same thing with page three can't kick it out of memory we're going to go around and look at every single element it's kind of annoying so we're going to look at element three its reference bit is one okay we set it to zero advance the hand and then we do it for page four reference bit is one so we have to set it to zero advance the hand so if you want to do a shortcut of that you could just set everything to zero because it's just going to go around in a circle and we're going to start off right where you're going to end up right where you started off at just with everything as zero instead of one so now if we follow the algorithm well now we are pointing at page one its reference bit is zero so that one gets evicted so we swap out page one put in page five and then we would set its reference bit to one and then advance the hand and then our clock looks like this after we access page five so everyone okay with that sweet so now this is where the magic comes in so now if we access page two normally for anything else we didn't really update everything but now since we access page two well what's going to happen is we used it so its reference bit would just get set to one so we would not change the hand we would not do anything we only move the hand when we're doing the replacement because well that's going to be slow anyways because we're loading something in from disk in the memory for normal accesses we want to be as fast as possible so if you want to justify it you don't update the hand you don't update anything with normal accesses all you do is set a bit so now if we access page two well we have now used it we should note that we have used it somewhat recently and give it a second chance if we try and get it out so on accessing page two we set the reference bit from a zero to a one and that's all that happens so zero to one that's it that's it and it would be a page hit like it's already in memory but internally for this algorithm we update the reference bit to be a one all right okay with that if we we are pretty much survive today's lecture isn't this a lot easier than locking and synchronization and virtual memory and everything like that it's kind of a nice relief right so yeah it gets easier towards the end we got past the hard part so now when we access page three what's going to happen yeah we just used it so we said it's referenced from a zero to a one yay that's as hard as it gets today so now whatever we access page one now well this is where again it's called second shot so because we just reference them well if we use like first in first out we'd kick out page two but now when we want to bring something in to replace or kick something out to bring in page one well if we follow the algorithm now we can't kick out page two because its reference bit is one so all we would do is set its reference bit to zero advance the hand try and find another victim then we're pointing at page three its reference bit is one can't kick it out so we have to find another victim so we'd set its reference bit to zero advance the hand and now we're pointing at a page the reference bit is zero so we can kick it out of memory and we can go ahead and replace page four with page one set its reference bit to one advance the hand and now our clock looks like this after the access and then now we're accessing page two well it gets another strike that it can use so we would set its reference bit to one or zero to one and then we access page three we would set its reference bit from zero to one and then our final state would look like this so if we have another access to like page four or something we could shortcut this and just set all the reference bits to zero because we know it's just going to go around the clock because all the reference bits are one so it's going to do that thing where it tries them all again but we're okay with this all right so if we wrote it out with our normal way of just putting a box of everything that's in memory so typically for these questions you have the clock as you work through it and you just fill in this chart as you go through wasn't enough room on the slide but this is what would look like at the end of the day we had four four faults initially we had to load them in the memory we moved the clock around and all that fun stuff and then for page five we went around and we replaced page one with page five then when we access page two we set its reference bit to one access page three sets reference bit to one and then when we went around it and access page two page one we kicked out page four so we would write it like that and then when we access page two and three they were both hits so we can figure out the number of page faults we got how many page faults we got four or not four wow okay not awake six hopefully number of red things so if we want to compare that to optimal well we could have fun everyone loves optimal right so if we speedrun optimal it would look something one one one two two three so if we access page five and we have the optimal algorithm what page in memory do i kick out four right so i look forward i can't kick out two can't kick out three can't kick out one so i would just kick out four turns out well in this case i don't really have to do anything else pass that so i kick out four for five it looks like this and then everything else is a hit so the optimal thing to do is i get five page faults which hey clock got six optimal got five so it turns out to be pretty decent all right you want me to do this with the clock for fun sure all right let's do it we should should still have time at the end for whatever you want to so whatever we do the clock this is let's say we have four pages or four frames we can fit in memory so draw four boxes top is the page bottom is the reference bit and then initially it's zero so i can draw arrows like this and then i don't know i usually just point the first iterator up because i don't know why not so if we access page one well all these accesses are going the first four accesses are going to be pretty boring right so they're just going to be like one one go ahead advance the hand access two it's going to be two one advance the hand then we're going to have three one advance the hand then four one advance the hand and after our fourth access it's going to look like this right so i will draw that out so one two three four i'll kind of squish them together so everything fits one one two three we're okay with that so far all right so now i access page one what happens yeah so page one its reference bit is already one if it makes you feel better you can erase one and then put a one if you want or you could just leave it alone uh up to you so whatever makes you feel better so that's a page hit nothing changes so we can just write out all the pages again access page two what happens same thing i could either erase a one and replace it with a one or i could leave it alone so that would be another hit all right access page five do you want to do this a slow way or the fast way fast way what's the fast way yeah just change them all to zeros so one one one get all changed to zeros and then we can just start from there so now we're pointing at something where its reference bit is one or sorry zero so that one gets kicked out so we would kick out page one so we could draw that over here to the side and replace it with page five and then advance the hand after we inserted it and you can kind of see why we need to advance the hand after we insert it because if we didn't then it would just be pointing at whatever we just inserted and we would immediately have a strike against it so we would change the reference bit from a one to zero and that doesn't make sense because we shouldn't it shouldn't be the first one we put a strike against since it's the one we most recently put into memory so why would we do that so after accessing page five it looks like that two three four so all good all right so access page two what happens yeah reference bit gets changed from a zero to a one so we can do that otherwise it is a page hit so we can just repeat everything then we access page three again same idea this would be updated by hardware in fact if you like look at the page table entry and most things where this reference bit is stored is in the page table entry so your mmu is going to handle it whenever anyone tries to access that page gets updated for you and it's actually stored in the page table entry so we access page three it's reference bit would change from a zero to a one it would still be a hit we're all great so now we access page five this is hopefully getting somewhat boring that means my job's mostly done so access page five it's reference bits of one again for fun we could erase it and then put a one so that was fun so page hit nothing else changes same thing for page two again we got lucky so everything is still good then we access page one so what happens with this so we just follow the algorithm again so the hand's currently pointing at page two its reference bit is one so we can't replace it we just put a strike against it so we change its reference bit from a one to a zero advance the hand trying to find the next victim next victim is three but we can't get rid of it because it's reference bit is one so it gets another shot at life so we change its reference bit from a one to a zero and then advance the hand and then oh now we're pointing at page four its reference bit is currently zero so it gets kicked out so we would replace page four with page one so I can erase page four oops put in page one set its reference bit to one and then advance the hand so now my memory looks like this so we're all good so far still all right now we access page four we just follow it again so we can't get rid of page five so we set its reference bit from a one to a zero advance the hand oh now we're pointing at page two its reference bit is zero so we can get rid of that so we would replace page two with page four and then if we want to finish it up put in page four reference bit is one advance the hand and now we're done we can count the number of page faults we have hopefully I can count again and hopefully it is seven page faults all right sweet was that ever fun or what so if I put this on an exam it will be no issue right okay cool um do you want to do another example or okay great we're bored that's great so we can I will re wrap up the lecture really quick and then you can work on lab six and I'll be here uh because why not so for performance some of you or at least like some companies might be like I really don't want this so if you start swapping things from memory to disk things get really slow right disk is a lot slower than memory and if you're google or something like that you probably care more about performance and you do about money money like you can just throw money at if you have a problem you can throw money at that's pretty good especially since ram is generally cheap and high capacity like servers can have terabytes of memory like ram in them it's not that expensive so what some people do and what I do generally on my laptops is I'd rather know that I ran out of memory I just need to go buy more than things just being slow so what you can do is you can go ahead and just disable swapping completely so that if for some reason you run out of memory while you just get an error or linux just starts killing something so if you actually physically run out of memory your kernel is going to run something that has a great name it's just called the out of memory killer and basically all it's going to do is seg kill anything that's using a lot of memory and just free up that and then suddenly you're no longer out of memory so it would probably like sig kill something like chrome if it's smart and then boom you have memory again no problem um you could diagnose it and be like okay well my program just crashed because it ran out of memory I'll just go to the store and I'll buy like 32 more gigs of memory which last time I looked as like 100 bucks now or something like that so not even that expensive uh I guess unless you're apple and then it's like probably like 800 bucks yikes um and then some other things with memory four kilobytes pretty small for page sizes so if you have larger page sizes so essentially they is go up by like they pretty much just get rid of the lowest level of page table and then use that last index space to use that for a page instead so instead of four kilobyte pages on some systems especially macOS and I think other operating systems are starting to do it more now instead of four kilobyte pages you can have two megabyte pages or if you go up and eliminate two levels of page table that means each of your pages are one gigabyte in size so if you see in your operating system something called huge pages a huge page is two megabytes and then if they have one gigabyte pages they call them gigapages yeah very creative names and the goal here is that or the tradeoff here is well you have more fragmentation because if your program actually just uses like five kilobytes or eight kilobytes or something like that I could fit on smaller pages without wasting space well if you have a two megabyte page like when we discussed for some memory stuff we'll see more memory in the next lecture the rest of it's just going to be unused so we're going to have more fragmentation but the tradeoff is for the same number of entries in the TLB so if I only have like 10 entries and my pages were four kilobytes that means I can only essentially cache 40 kilobytes worth of memory but if I have two megabyte pages and I have that same those same 10 entries but they now just cover a wider space well now I can cache essentially 20 megabytes of memory and generally things go a lot faster so like your iPhone stuff like that that'll use huge pages so it'll probably be like the two megabyte pages things are kind of moving more in that direction now because four kilobytes is basically nothing all right any questions about that all right so wrap it up then so clock algorithm it is an approximation of least recently used data structures circular list of pages in memory uses a reference bit so make sure you draw them out draw them in a circle draw two boxes one for the page number one for the reference bit and then you have a hand that points to the last element examined which you only use for page replacement and then whenever you want to do some page replacement the algorithm is as follows check the page the hand or check the entry the hand is currently pointing to if its reference bit is zero then that page gets checked out of memory you would insert the new page in set its reference bit to one advance the hand and then keep on going otherwise if its reference bit is one you change it from a one to zero gets another shot and then you advance the hand to try and find another victim and then most importantly four page accesses that's what you want to be really really fast because that happens every time you access even a byte in your program so all you do then is to set the reference bit to zero or sorry set the reference bit to one don't mess with the hand don't do anything you want that to be as fast as possible so with that just remember well for you we're all in this together


Gunmen have abducted a first-class traditional ruler in Kogi State, the Adogo of Igani in Ajau Kuta Local Government Area of Kogi State, Alhaj Mohamed Adembe, on Tuesday evening along Okene Adogo Road. The police public relations officer of the state police command, William Aya, confirmed this development. An indigent said, the royal father, who was alone in his car left Okene Town around 4 p.m. on his way to the Igani community but was abducted between Ebiya and Igani by hoodlums suspected to be kidnappers. According to him, the kidnappers called the family of the monarch and demanded a ransom of 30 million Naira.


Are We Cool Yet is an artistic movement existing on the fringes of the international avant-garde, with roots in the early surrealist art movements of the late 19th and early 20th century, and the growing scientific understanding and study of the anomalous that began to develop during that time. The movement has no centralized leadership, no headquarters, very few traditions or conventions, and no official membership roles or requirements. The only thing one need to do to call oneself a member is to make art that employs, exploits or revolves around anomalous objects, beings, or phenomena. The organization of an Are We Cool Yet cell varies wildly from place to place. Many groups are organized in the small salons led by a creative mastermind or a professional critic, while others are collected with no clear leader, and some members prefer to work entirely on their own. In the opinions of some, it is not even necessary to know if the movement exists in order to be a part of it. The tendency of some such groups to produce highly visible public artworks that cause death, injury, or lasting psychological harm has led some to decrypt the entire movement as a bunch of art terrorists, a label some of its members were reprried, some repudiate entirely, and some were ironically. The largest and most visible gathering of Are We Cool Yet artists in any place or time is Somnus Davenis Magnifique. A grand exhibition held every ten years since 1874, at which those in the know can gather to view and scrutinize a selection of some of the finest works in anomalous art produced over the previous decade. To have a work accepted is considered by those who care about such things to be one of the greatest achievements an artist can attain in a career, and members of cells around the world petition to have their works displayed.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasebreaks.com coming at you with 2018 Panini contenders football three box random team break number one Yeah chance at Josh Allen cracked ice autographs a lot of nice stuff here. No vet commons ship big Thanks to this group for making it happen a lot of people buying their teams or their spots straight up Which I appreciate and congrats to the winners of spots in that prestige football hangar box break We just had a few moments ago all 32 teams are in let's do it. Let's roll it Let's randomize names and teams six and a six a full 12 times one two three four five six seven eight nine ten Eleven and twelfth and final time 12 we've got canard on the pole Bill in the 32 spot six and a six 12 times for The teams one two three four five six seven eight nine ten Eleven and twelfth and final time After 12 we've got the Arizona Cardinals down to the Houston Texans Here's how it shakes out for you canard with the Cardinals Jake with the Ravens Steven with the Jets Michael with the Seahawks Kevin with the Broncos Jimmy with the Niners Nick with the Colts Brian with the Falcons Nick with the Giants Chris with the Vikings Neil with the Jaguar Steve with the Eagles Mike with the Dolphins Jimmy with the Panthers Nick with the Commanders Brian with the Steelers Chris with the steel Brian with the Cowboys Chris has the Steelers Steve Burch with the Bears Matt with the Patriots West with the Packers Juan with the Chiefs Robert with the spot that you won Buffalo Bills Carlos with the Titans Corey with the Lions and Buccaneers Mac with the Chargers Aaron with my Raiders Terry with the Browns Steve with the Rams Matt with the Bengals Steve with the Saints and Bill with the Houston Texans Let's sort by alphabetically by team and We're gonna pause the video just for a little bit. We're gonna see if there's any trades in this break right here And when we come back, we'll see if there's any trades and then we'll have Crack that open see which three boxes we're gonna do so stick around. We will be right back All right, welcome back everybody. No deals were done. So this list right here remains the same 2018 contenders football random team number one. Thanks everybody for making this happen. I appreciate it and here it is 2018 contenders football. It's been a minute or two since we've seen these so let's pop this case open See which box we're gonna do I think I remember back in 2018. We must have ripped Dozens and dozens of cases of this All right, so we have four stacks of three so we're gonna Select a die like that flamingo die right here. We'll go one two three four on the dice roll If I roll five or six, I'll roll again Three one two three, so we're gonna do that column back there. We will save these for next time Here we go. Good luck everybody Looking for these guys right here, especially Especially Josh Allen and Lamar Jackson Love to see a bounce back here from Saquon Barkley. Maybe Baker may feel in a different spot Could be a change of scenery could be good for him Correct. Yeah, I did not go to Yeah, I didn't I didn't go to a lot of football games when I was when I was a kid professional football games When I was a kid and then you know the Southern California like the Los Angeles area Just didn't have football for a couple decades. So that's kind of That kind of put football out of reach for me But yeah, so I didn't go to my first Raiders game until Until last year Raiders Broncos Raiders beat the Broncos in Las Vegas Chaz what's up Chaz is saying only one spot left and contenders optic basketball Nice. I'm gonna grab that last team. Let's get it on the schedule Go through some more orders after this When this product first released which player was the biggest hit from this product? I think Probably Josh Rosen and Sam Darnell third redemptions. They're most likely expired That's sort of the risk with this this older stuff. So just just keep that in mind We'll still send it to the team That gets it, but there's Richard Sherman playoff ticket card to 175 We'll do a left-right randomizer On those round number cards First autograph. Oh, sorry Colts. It's Jordan Wilkins rookie ticket auto Not sure if he's still around but that goes to Nick Stover Colts. Oh, right. Saquon. Yeah, the Saquon Barkley Chase was pretty big And we've got for the Bengals. We have on tape That'll be for Matt and the Bengals For Miami We got Durham smith. Yeah, it's crazy to think that from a I mean 2018 wasn't too wasn't that long ago Josh Rosen Josh Rosen is now a now a free agent There's Dylan Contrell Rookie ticket autograph for the Chargers. That's gonna be for Mack rookie ticket autograph Corey Littleton For the Rams Steve Birch and we've got Edo Smith judge Edo Smith 40 out of 49 Rookie ticket on-card auto for Brian and the Falcons Box one done box two of three Yeah, the NFL not for long it is kind of crazy to see all these players You know and You just think man, how many how many of these guys I guess Littleton still around but he's not with the Rams anymore You know his odd and Tate still around You know, it's running backs are tough, too So, yeah, I think it was like it was mainly Saquon I guess Baker to a certain extent, but maybe not until No, yeah Baker to a certain extent Josh Rosen. I want to say maybe he fell out of favor by the time contenders came out But Baker Sam Darnold Saquon Barkley Remember the promos if an auto particular quarterback was pulled then break could have be randomized someone to break I remember that I think I I think I also remember doing a break credit if It was like a bounty If we got all if we got all six in a break or something like that Or if we did half case weeks, we got all six in a full case I would give away money or something My towers are from a break of this you got a Josh Rosen Josh Allen do a lot of one of one Do you still have it? Rec setting it's funny is actually you want to make a quick buck You could become a football player for a year and then be set for life to manage your money, right? I suppose so maybe if you're they don't get a lot of guaranteed money though No, Mike tower does not have that do a lot of yeah I don't think many people thought I mean Josh Allen's arm talent was was note was not in question When he was drafted, but I don't think I don't think a lot of people really expected him to develop the way He has evolved the way he has Same on the Mar Jackson actually and for the Bears. We've got Ryan Nahl rookie ticket autograph Steve Birch with Chicago Obi-Wan, what's up? I pulled you a blue Josh Allen number to 12 or 15. Don't remember now Still have it for the fly Eagles fly. We've got Jordan Milada He's still around That is for Steve Birch and the Eagles Eagles You wonder what NFL rookies do when they don't make it Rex Well, nowadays there's like alternatives, right? Like you could you could get There's Dorian O Daniel. I suppose you could try to play in Canada CFL There's a lot of semi-pro leagues. I feel like that are around the US FL is now back So that's probably a way they can still play Dorian O Daniel goes to the Chiefs. That'll be for one Obi-Wan Chase Littleton Litten that is rookie ticket autograph for the Chiefs another one for Juan But yeah after that Rex. Yeah, I think a lot of them a Lot of them just end up just getting regular jobs. I think They just become regular people Interestingly enough Rex a lot of a lot of football players are usually the most Are usually the best educated of all the pro athletes because because they Have usually have three or four years of college. There's Andrew Luck to 175 Playoff ticket card going to Nick Stover and the Colts So yeah, a lot of those guys end up just getting getting regular jobs or maybe Selling cars at a car dealership or something like that. And we got a draft class Autograph Sam Darnold six of 18 So we've been a monster hit in 2018. This is now To be determined kind of hit hopefully he does well this year Steven flat with the Jets with the spot that he won All right, that was the second box Yeah, so football players have some options now. I think a lot of times if you're on the fringe If you're drafted and you don't really make it, I think you can still grind it out on a practice squad for a while USFL has just started spring football has just started. So there's that opportunity the What you call it? Yeah, so they got some opportunities there Baseball I mean If you if you wash out of the minors in baseball, I don't know how many guys are going overseas It's such a grind that I don't know. I mean, I think maybe some some will can some will press on and in some Maybe in Mexico or something like that overseas, but I'm not sure basketball. There's definitely a lot of good overseas opportunities in Europe If you don't make it in China You don't make it in the US baseball and basketball players tend to be the least educated at least traditional educational at least educated amongst Pro athletes because baseball players a lot of them can be drafted out of high school And a lot of basketball players are one and done Yeah, Johnny Manziel is supposed to be a big deal Brandon Robert saying alcohol ruined that guy. Yeah, and I some would argue that he also came from like privilege, right? Maybe maybe he just didn't have like that edge that extra hunger you kind of need to be a pro athlete Maybe he didn't love the game enough All right I'm sure there'll be a I'm sure there'll be a Johnny Manziel documentary at some point That'll get into all of that for the purple birds Anthony Avery I think it's still around that is for Jake with the purple birds and we've got from Iowa. We have rookie ticket auto Riley McCarran For the Pats that's gonna be for Matt Matt and the Pats There's Richard Sherman to 175 Joey it already did if you check the schedule, you'll see that we did that a Earlier today, maybe a few breaks ago And not not that guy but Tremaine Edmonds rookie ticket ticket stub Autograph that's 10 out of 49 Buffalo Robert G with the Buffalo Bills Points will randomize that to one person in the break that takes the place of an auto and There's Christian Kirk rookie ticket autograph for the Cardinals You got a pretty decent contract canard with somebody else Jaguar maybe Hopefully does well there. It'll be a nice nice one to hold on to see how he does this season on that new contract And that my friends is that Did Ezekiel Elliott settle down? I have no idea. I don't know what his marital status is All right, let's do some randomize and we'll do a left-right randomizer and then everyone has a shot at the 250 points Let's flip back to the list here. Let's gather everybody's names Put your names in here, and then we'll do a left-right randomizer Right there Let's roll it was randomized names and teams five and a one six times names and teams sides and names five and a one six times one two three four five And a one sixth and final time. That's gonna be left side cards. We'll get those And then everyone has a Shot at the points five and a one six times one two three four five And a one six and final time Points are gonna go to a little consolation prize for Kevin. There you go Kevin 250 points going your way After six. Thanks for watching everybody I'm Joe for jazzy's case breaks calm and I'll see you next time for the next break This wasn't a very long break, but I'll hit you with a recap We did get that Sam Darnold fingers crossed that he bounces back this season. That'd be nice There you go game. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next football break. Bye. Bye pre-order that NT football Jaspy's case breaks calm. Bye. Bye


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA The Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. It is a Thursday on FIFA 22. Foot Captains is almost over and we're still sitting here not knowing the answer to the question, what is next? What promo is gonna fill the void between the end of Foot Captains tomorrow and team of the season starting next week on the 29th? Now, what I'm gonna do today in today's video is kind of do a little bit of speculating. What could we see? We started to talk about it yesterday, just a little bit, some sort of a TOTS warm-up promo, TOTS warm-up series, pre-team of the season series. I think that is the direction that EA might end up going and today we might even learn about that from EA Sports if they drop a loading screen. So I wanna talk about that today. Other potential content they can run in the next couple of days, especially this weekend, as more TOTS voting is gonna go on, as primarily TOTS voting starts tomorrow as well and just what EA could do to fill this one week gap in between captains and the start of the ever, ever-anticipated team of the season promo. I also wanna take a look at these Foot Captains cards as they are about to leave packs because a lot of them have dropped in price after lightning rounds yesterday. Could some of these guys make a quick bounce before they maybe 300K for Busquets? I will take that, no problem. I think they're even running lightning rounds right now. So Busquets is down like 70K on the day and a lot of the other Foot Captains are down as well and I think they might have a short kickback later on to this weekend if people are gonna go and try out some cards and especially if this weekend is kind of a time where a lot of people are looking to buy cards on the market, if there's any more pain excelling, those cards dropped a lot yesterday. So I wanna take a look at those for a potential rise out of packs and again, everything relating to Thursday content today, it might be a bit of a quieter Thursday today. Maybe, we've had yesterday was a pretty big day of content with a campaign bag and stuff so we'll talk about that of course but I wanna focus on this team of the season warm up series that we might be learning about even today on Thursday. So if the videos on the channel are helping you out at all make sure to hit thumbs up and of course, subscribe if you're new that would be greatly appreciated. Now, today is a Thursday, right? And Wednesday is in Thursdays but more so Thursdays are days where we learn about potential upcoming promos. Now we don't have a loading screen right now but like we mentioned in yesterday's video with those pack codes that were added, right? 85 times five, 85 times three and then the league specific 81 times 11 pack SBCs. It would be perfect for something just like this which was released the week before team of the year earlier on this year in the game cycle of FIFA 22. And I think we might see a loading screen just like this today that says team of the season warm up series starts in one day, 23 hours or whatever it's gonna be, right? We could see a loading screen today that would give us some confirmation that EA sports is gonna do something like this if they are, right? This is again, just speculative. We don't have any leaks. I'm just going based off of the pack code. That's legit, right? Pack code added to the game. Those are packs that we will see in this game most likely and since those were added earlier this week it makes sense that they would come out pretty soon. So that's why I think we're headed towards a promo like this. Now let's go down this rabbit hole for a bit. What would a team of the season warm up series look like? Of course, you know those packs that we had added, right, the 81 times 11, the 85 times five, 85 times three it would be very similar to all of these packs that EA put out right before team of the year that we were of course doing these SBCs to stock up on them because you know, you're gonna roll into team of the year with attackers and packs, midfielders and defenders and EA was basically just giving us SBCs to do to stack up on these packs and to hold these packs because everyone was stacking up on them anyway because who opens packs when there's nothing out and no special cards in the game at the moment they all say for team of the year, right? We all say for team of the year or in this season that we're in right now we say for team of the season. So that's why I think we're just gonna be headed into a week like this but apart from that there was a lot of great content that came out during this team of the year warm up series. We had some big time flashback SBCs. Alex, Alexander Pato was released. Everybody remembers this card, right? The Pato card that was released, you know big time flashback that was very, very popular, 177K. And also we had flashback Ikardi. Yes, a lot of you probably still have this card in your club, flashback Ikardi from earlier on right before team of the year. Those are some pretty good value and very popular players released as flashbacks during the team of the year warm up series. And then we also had a big time icon player pick pack. It was the base or mid and it was repeatable I had 700 and like 800 high 700s right around 800,000 coins to complete this. So they did not just release, you know a couple SBCs of packs to save up for team of the year during this warm up series promo. And I think if EA did one of those right this week before team of the season they would kind of do the same thing, right? Again, one thing that we had looked at and talked about was the potential of those end of an era cards. If I can scroll down on the leaks Twitter page here. Again, we talked about this Dembele card that is added to come as an SBC. That is an official leak, right? We've had an Aguero and an Akenfeno. We've already had a Defoe but it maybe seems like instead of the flashbacks like they did before team of the year maybe EA sports is gonna be dropping us some end of an era SBCs in this next week. And also again, if you're thinking about this we have an icon moments pack that is out right now. I don't know if this is jumping the gun just a little bit but would there be a potential of another icon upgrade pack, a player pick being released? This is out for three more days. So it is out of course, until this weekend would EA release an icon moments player pick or maybe it's like a prime or moments player pick. We've already had the prime player pick multiple times but I do think that we could see a new icon upgrade pack before team of the season. Just again, to drain coins for EA to drain a lot of coins off this market but I think even if they don't do that if they just do some player SBCs and release some of those packs that we saw in the code, right? Again, let me look those up and show you guys because I know I've been mentioning them and if you didn't watch yesterday's video we talked about these a lot more but these are the packs that I'm referencing the 83 times five, the league specific 81 times 11 and the 85 times five packs. But when these packs came out like the 83 pluses before team of the year this made fodder go bananas. I don't know if you guys remember this let's take a look at Guerrero, right? Fodder is already up right now 4,000 coins, 5,000 coins for 84s they are up but take a look at this these SBCs were released January like the week of January 15th so like the 15th, 16th, 17th look how high 84s went they went from 3.4K they doubled in price up to five and a half K then they went down when team of the season or team of the year actually started in January I think that we're gonna have another week and if you guys have SBC fodder right now especially the Inforums I know a lot of you guys have invested in the Inforums we've been saying list your cards for lazy buyers I really think there's a lot of upside with holding on to your fodder I don't see a lot of potential supply coming in this weekend if they do a promo like this kind of like we're expecting so that's kind of a rundown at the moment of what I maybe expect to see and the reason why I'm talking about this today is I would not be surprised if we had a loading screen today on Thursday the before the warm-up series for team of the year they dropped that loading screen on Thursday I think that if they're going by the same cards EA does like to be pretty repetitive with this sort of stuff they would drop a loading screen today on Thursday now again it's not a guarantee this is more speculative but sometimes we can read EA and this would seem right up EA's alley if they were to do something like this now one other shout that I just want to mention and I don't think this is really really possible I don't think this is gonna happen but a lot of people have been saying yo Nate where is foot player days another boost gets popping at 300K I mean if I lose coins on this whatever this guy's in the mini-release he's rare I don't know how I'm getting these snipes anyways where is foot player days we haven't seen it yet this year and we've seen it the last couple of years in FIFA and it always destroys the market how are we ever gonna see it I mean that's a potential thing that they could do this weekend as well if EA wants to crash this market a lot more and really try to drain coins or just really try to create some panic by people opening packs what foot player days has been in the past they basically put old out-of-pack special cards back into packs and then they put either two for one packs or this year's game they would probably do preview packs they put those in the store and it basically makes a huge combination of panic selling because everybody goes out on the market and panic sells the crap out of the cards they have because they're back in packs they're gonna get new supply and then all these packs are out and people are panicking oh my goodness it's crazy right I would not expect foot player days I would not expect it I think that would be a lower potential happening than like a warm-up series but could EA do both those things together they could so my advice once again is just wait and see what EA talk about again if there is gonna be foot player days or a team of your warm-up series we probably will see some leaks as well because just like a loading screen like that the leakers I believe do get information about those sorts of graphics being sent out and uploaded and being ready to be put on the game so I think that we would know a little bit ahead of time if that was gonna be the case so just kind of putting some things together I don't think foot birthday or sorry I don't think that foot player days is very, very likely I think that a team of your warm-up series or some sort of pre-tots promo is pretty likely they're gonna have to fill this gap week with something and they're probably gonna fill it with SPCs and maybe some objectives and probably some more coin drain content on this game so that's just my opinion at the moment we'll find out more probably today live on FIFA so let's go back and talk a little bit about yesterday and talk about these foot captains cards once again of course we looked at lightning rounds I bought two Busquets now at 300K flat what was the content yesterday why did these cards drop down? Well, first of all, fodder is continually going up on the low tier, on the low tier our fodder is going up and I wanna reference SPC fodder once again I know your cards for your golds are up I know 85s are like almost 9K your 86s really aren't up that much they were 15, now they're like 14.5 so down slightly but you're lower tier stuff your 83s are up, your 84s are up and really that was because of the campaign bag player pick that was released yesterday not only with what captains team two players in it but team one and two future stars one and two, foot birthday team one and two so I did both of these I packed Handanovich and I also got Davenson Sanchez which I was very happy about also one of the most popular cards to be packed but so many people were doing this yesterday everybody was waiting for informs to rise up in price but again, as we're talking about all this stuff with informs and with fodder usually we like to sell our fodder by the end of the week but if EA is not putting anything out in packs again, we're assuming that they're not we don't know if they will or not but if they don't do anything impacts this weekend for this whatever promo is next I would hold on to your fodder I really would because I think if you take a look at most of all these cards that week before team of the year with that icon player pick that was released as well look at Tony Cruz, right? Tony Cruz went from 26,000 coins went all the way up to 29 which is in a huge rise but during that week of warm up series before team of the year he was up a decent amount so if you've got fodder you might as well just hold on to it I know a lot of people are kind of like selling at the moment and as you can tell some of these icon moments SBCs like Vieira yesterday was one seven now he's 1.6 it's the high tier fodder that is going down a bit Lewandowski 63K Quackbierrella 62,000 coins your Ericsson is going to get updated to a 93 by the way fantasy foot upgrades are going to be happening today right? so Ericsson 65K the next 93 is 74K and messy could Ericsson go up a little bit today? potentially you're also going to have a lot of people that have invested that are waiting to sell so if that card goes up I would get it out right away take the coins on your investment you're getting that full upgrade on Ericsson but this high rated fodder is dropping the lower tier stuff is really where it's going up the most your 83s and your 84s and if you have Inforums and all of this fodder honestly just hold right? and maybe with even some of these cards we're looking at okay could we potentially buy if these cards are dropping down and if there's no supply this weekend if we get a loading screen that there is a team of your warm up series or team of the season warm up series like this today but for Tots and fodder is going even lower like if these 88s go to 23 or 24K and there's no supply this weekend then we'll maybe be looking at a potential buy on fodder for some of that higher tier if they were to release another icon upgrade pack which I think they would and they're still releasing great icon player moments SBCs as well with the Kentana release yesterday this guy is like 1.4 to 1.5 on the market is SBCs 1.3 not a terrible craft if you're going to do it pretty soon of course you'll be able to get it done a lot cheaper through player picks through crafting and stuff like that so it's just it's Ws all around for SBC content at the moment on this game now let's talk foot capped and it's just a bit I know I kind of got off track because we were focusing on the SBC fodder there for a second but I felt like that was worth talking about now with these cards right now you're like Nate Locas that was 440 yesterday and right now he's like 400,000 coins 410 what should I be doing with this honestly just be careful with these I think if you take a look back last week's team number one of foot captains there were a few cards that rose up pretty nicely I think Tyrone Ming's ended up doing pretty well out of packs he's still like I think 230, 240,000 coins that is up he was like 200k when he was in packs and now he's up to 240, 230 Yoriz has maintained a pretty nice price Royce is down you know some of the cards are down like the Yetter and the Royce but Cooper some of the lower tier cards as a center back went up as well so as I'm looking at this team I know we've got rivals Royce today and we have marquee matchups I think the combination of those two things will supply these cards on the market a bit more could you see some of these cards rise up in this next week as a lot of people are going to look to this weekend as a time to buy teams I think you could because I also feel like that these card prices are relative to the current market crash and the low prices across the whole entire market that we are in right now, right Booskets was 370,000 coins for the only Booskets special that we have and the best Booskets special item that we have like ever had in FIFA I still think that at the moment this card for being how hype he is for being a brand new item and for not having any specials in this game I think that he's still a little bit underpriced honestly I think he's a little bit underpriced I think that Henderson has value here I think Lacazette I know he's in team of the season community voting is probably going to get a card I'd be careful with that one that'd be one that I'd be careful about but even Payet, dude like look at this Payet 110,000 coins for a card that was selling consistently I sold him at like 180K on Monday morning and he was like one pretty sure he was 140 yesterday 141, 144 dropped all the way down to 110 is still currently about 110K this is a card that a lot of people just want to try out because he's a French center attack in mid and it's his first special year so I think that if you want to invest in a few of these cards today would be your day to do it watch around that marquee matchups timeframe as you'll probably see a few of these cards go up in value then or sorry maybe go down in value then but then up afterwards but it also depends on the content that we see today on Thursday depends on the loading screen if we get one of those and all those things right there's always a lot of factors with this stuff but I think there is a bit of potential for a couple of these to maybe go up in price let me take a look at Payet again as I was just looking at Busquets but Payet for 110K I mean, wow man if I see any of these at 100K that just seems that seems really, really crazy for me the only Payet special like besides an inform we have this year really good card four star, four star great traits just a cheap a budget friendly center attack in mid that a lot of people could use French links are obviously very, very overpowered so that's a card I would maybe be looking at again, invest at your own risk if you want to risk it a bit with those or if you want to buy one for your team the Hero Captains cards you know what they interest me they do but I think I need to see them go down more knowing that Robbie Keane is up like 75 to 100,000 coins from where he was these guys are so rare I love that part about them I just don't love how much they're up already Joe Cole was like 600K flat and right now he's 635 618 right there at the moment so just be careful with these cards and I do think that Hero Captains will do very well during team this season but I think that I just I want to see a bit more panic this weekend in total on the market just to see what if there's a next promo coming out what it looks like if there's going to be a lot of coin drain and how that could impact the market now let's quickly talk about today on Thursday what could we potentially see as well again I think we're getting the Maldini Icon Moments SVC we had Canton Eye yesterday I know a lot of you guys are really hoping for Zidane I don't know about Zidane I don't know about Zidane some people are saying that it might be on Friday but Mr. Sheriff says that Canton Eye of course was yesterday Maldini should be today so that will be our Icon Moments player that we get today also on Thursday early today we'll see the last and I'll hide my face cam once again for this we'll see the last of the or sorry not the last but we'll see the next Fantasy Foot Upgrades Hancock P is going to be maxed out with a plus three Parasich, Ericsson, Lucas Mora Usman Dambale, Klosterman those are all going to be plus threes couple of these other guys like Milo Chelso finally in the club is going to get that plus two Bomba is going to get a plus one Simon with a plus one Martial going to get another upgrade so whatever cards that you have in your club just watch out for some more Fantasy Foot Upgrades today I really need my where's Alexandro? I need this guy Alexandro to get some upgrades bro we need a clean sheet and a win Yufei is not playing very well at the moment I need this guy to upgrade so just be on the lookout for these upgrades today they take place early in the mornings on Thursdays today per usual and then other than that again I think it might be a bit of a quieter day could we have more lighting rounds today? I think that's also a potential piece of content and then a lot of people are going to be focused on finishing SBCs like some of those gamble packs that are going to be expiring tomorrow and Friday you know we're going to have maybe let's see I'll hang on the video for one more minute see if we have more lighting rounds late tonight I just like checking up on that kind of stuff honestly but we have a lot of other SBCs that people might be finishing today so watch your fodder under Herrera, Tim Cahill a lot of people might be crafting the showdown the campaign bags maybe people are doing more of the 86 plus doubles maybe the 85 plus player pick stuff like that maybe these icon moments upgrade packs still available here so it's a very interesting time for SBCs at the moment as well let me see if we had another set of LRs and we do 86 plus this has got to be the last one tonight this is a 4 AM UK lighting round probably meant for US late night folk that are still out here now one thing I will say about the market right now is you can trade you can absolutely trade get out there get those flips get those deals you know I bought this Lucas Moore for 820 sold at 907 bought this for 150 sold at 180 235 at 260 all these nonnies bought at 265-ish earlier yesterday I didn't do a ton of trading yesterday but making a few coins back so we can then send in a last minute batch of player picks maybe pack of foot captains before they do leave the game today so watch out for that loading screen today watch out for leaks and hopefully we get some information about what in the world will be tomorrow on Friday in between foot captains and team in the season so if you enjoyed the video today make sure to hit the thumbs up on the comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe if you're new it's been Nate The Boat Account I will catch you guys later peace out


Does Afro Man have a secret dungeon? Newly obtained body camera footage shows police raiding the Ohio Rapper's home looking for cannabis and a secret basement based on a tip from a confidential informant. Police neither found large amounts of marijuana nor a secret basement because confidential informants are notoriously unreliable. Afro Man's label says that he doesn't even have a basement and the so-called dungeon is actually a crawl space under the stairs. If Afro Man is guilty of anything, it's his poor choice in interior paint color, but the real crime here is police rifling through his belongings, seizing cash that they then return $400 short, and then suing Afro Man when their body camera footage ends up in his music videos.


Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss the behavioral rhythms of animals. Animals respond rhythmically to cyclic fluctuations in their environment. The major cyclic fluctuations of environment are the changes in seasons and daily light and dark periods. The rhythmic behaviors are controlled in animals by biological clocks. The biological clocks regulate the daily and seasonal cyclic activities of animals. These clocks have a molecular genetic basis and they are inherent and are fitted in the nervous system of the animal. Genes for time sense have also been identified in humans and many other animals. The biological clocks are of three types, circadian clocks, circannual clocks and lunar clocks. These clocks are influenced by the dark and light periods and lunar cycles. Dear students, we shall discuss all these clocks one by one. First, we shall discuss in detail the circadian clock and the circadian rhythms which are generated due to circadian clock. Circadian clock is the most important biological clock in all animals. It regulates and coordinates the daily behavioral activities. Its output is a circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is exhibited as a daily cycle of rest and activity. The most common example is the daily rest and activity of animals which are cyclic. The circadian clock is synchronized with light and dark cycles of the environment. However, it can also maintain rhythmic activity under constant environmental conditions. The effect of light and dark periods is that the animal is on the surface and is taking active life. That effect is on the daily basis of light and dark periods. However, some animals which have been hibernated, for which the light and dark period of daily life is not present, the circadian clock is active in them. The circadian clock and circadian rhythms are linked to yearly cycle of seasons. This clock spans events which are repeated on a 12 month basis and correspond to the tilt of the earth's spin axis that results in seasonal changes. The annual hibernation behavior is present in the examples of circanval behaviors. Migration behavior is present on the annual basis of a season in a region after migrating another season. Similarly, the reproductive activities of many animals are also seasonal. The third type of biological clock involves lunar cycles and tidal rhythms which are controlled by the phases of the moon. Because the gravitational pull of the moon affects the tidal rhythms in marine environments. When the full moon is present, there are high tides. When the low moon is present or the moon is not present, then that is the time of low tides. It means that the phases of the moon that are present change the tidal movements accordingly. So the lunar cycles and tidal rhythms affect the reproductive behaviors of many marine animals. These rhythms are linked to the new or full moon. This behavior links reproduction to the times of greatest tidal movements. The effect of these greatest tidal movements is that they disperse the larvae to deeper waters. Deeper waters are relatively safer environment to complete early development of the embryos.