Okay, we're back, we're live, it's one o'clock rock, here on Life in the Law, I'm Jay Fiedel and this is Michelle Chen. Hi Michelle. Hi, glad to be here and thank you for having me. Michelle is from Suzhou in China. She's west of Shanghai and she's an attorney with a firm and I'm going to tell you the name of the firm. The name of the firm is Heb Partners, I do that right? Heb Partners. This is a firm with about 70 lawyers and she's a partner and an attorney there practicing in real estate and construction. Yeah, construction law. And why are you here in Honolulu? Yeah, actually there's a great program between Suzhou Bar Association and Hawaii Bar Association. The program is about sending lawyers here to explore the way US lawyers practice legal practice here and actually I apply for the program and I get selected and then I come here for three months. So yeah, three months long and you get to meet a law firm, in this case it would be Cade, Shuddy, Fleming and Wright, one block away and you get embedded there and you actually practice law. Well, I shouldn't say practice, that's not permitted. But you do research and memos and you meet the partners and maybe the clients too and you get a chance to see what happens in an American law firm, that's really exciting. Yeah, that is correct. Actually you heard of how people practice here but once you actually get involved and you really get into it, it feels so different. Well, a big comparison for me, I mean I'm always comparing the US and China and you know frankly they get more and more the same as we go forward. Yeah, it looks deep deep deep inside, it actually is the same. But you know it's kind of still have a difference. Yeah, of course. So in the US and certainly in Hawaii we care a lot about real estate. We care a lot about real estate construction and development. You know we've been building this country for a long time and China now is in a phase where it is building at a rapid rate everywhere, everything, infrastructure and residences and office and building and government and the whole thing. And you're in the middle of that, huh? Yeah. Exciting, what's it like? It is, you know for the last 20 or 30 years actually the real estate market has become the most, that industry, that business is most profitable business in China I can tell. Really? It's, for example, the house price compared to 20 years ago, like 30 years ago is 10 times more than 10 times compared to the time. That's much greater than the increase here in Hawaii. Yeah, it's more than 10 times I think. And you know... You're worried about a bubble? You're worried that it might hit a bubble? Yeah, but I look through this. Of course everybody will worry about the bubble and the whole market is always like this. Everybody think it must be going down but sometimes I analysis the reason how the market is good. I think there is some reason to support the unbelievable high price in China. You know, first of all why this real estate market starts develop, I think the first reason is the change of the housing system because I don't know how many people know about this but 30 years ago China housing system is a distribution, a free distribution. It's like everybody go to find a job, find a job in the company. All the companies are state owned. So the house are built by every company. It's not a real estate develop company. It's ordinary company. They all have a certain department to buy buildings or build the house for their employees. If you find a job there, they will give you house to live for some. But do you buy it or do you rent it? Rent it, but in very low price, very, very low price. So in that time like if you find a job, the company will take care of everything of your life. It will provide food, it has canting and it will give you house to live in very low price. You don't feel it and they give you salary and take care of your children. You know, my parents are doctors and they work in the same hospital. I don't remember we ever cook before I was 15 because we're all eating the canting. They go to work all the time and they work really hard and I stay at home. By the time I have meal, I go to the canting and eat outside. And we live in the house the hospital give us. So people at that time maybe as rich as now, but I think they're much happier than now because they feel secure once they get to a job. For life. Yes, for life. People take care of everything of your life. Gee, that's wonderful. Yes, that's wonderful. That's a system. So it's changed? Then I think it starts from the 90s. It started in the 80s, but it really started in the 90s. The central government stopped this system. They encouraged the real estate company to start a house for sale. And the ordinary companies, they started to give money to the employees by house but instead to distribute accommodation. But you had to go get your own house. But that price is unbelievable low compared to now. And I think that is the change is the start of the real estate market developed. Because more people were out there in the market and spending. Yeah, and they come to a real estate company has come up. And also in the meantime, the land supply system has changed. And the real estate production has changed. So that is a start. I think the second reason for the real estate market is urbanization. Compared to 30 years ago, 30 years ago the urbanization rate in China is 18%, less than 18%, but now it's 52%. So the huge increase of the city population, of course, it's caused a huge demand of the house. And also, I think another reason is after the families get more income and they will want to get better house and to improve their living environment, that will bring the demand of the better quality and high price house. And also the most important reason now for keep the market going is I think this is the most practical marketing in China. Because everybody goes to the market to buy house. There's always a story to share. We always say that if 20 years ago, they will have two families. They both have, for example, for $500,000 to invest. R&B to invest. What's that worth in America? R&B $500,000? Maybe it's, I think, $80,000? Okay. Yeah. Just want to get a handle on that. Yeah. Like that. And at that time, if one family buy house and part of it use the cash and part buy loan from the bank, for example, it can buy 10 house. And another family invests the small business. If come to now, the first family is already on more than 20 million assets right now. But the second family could bankrupt it already. That is the... Lessons clear. Yeah. So this is the market is actually produce many legend stories. And also it creates a significant wealth gap between families. Make different decisions. And that takes me to comparison with that market that you've been describing and our new president, our president-elect. He's a magnate, right? He's made his money in real estate and he buys low and sells high and does all these convoluted deals, doesn't pay any taxes. Could Donald Trump exist? Does he exist in China? Are there people like that? They're quite Chinese, I think. It's a typical way for real estate business man to make money actually. It's quite familiar. You have clients like that? I think so. What do they think of Donald Trump in China? I mean, what do you think of Donald Trump? And what are your friends that you chat with? What do they think? Actually, I think I come at the right time because I arrived at 7th of October. So I've actually been watching TV every night. Oh, an exciting time. Exciting time. You have news every day. I've never seen an election. Not anywhere. Like this before. Yeah, it's so interesting, interesting to me. It's sign that they don't have election campaigns that last for a year and a half or two years, eh? No, no, we don't have it. But, you know, it surprised me actually. But still, till the end, I still think Hillary will win. Can I say it? Yeah. But, you know, it surprised me. It surprised me that how it's really already divided this much, like somebody is... I think they are ashamed to say that they support Trump, but they actually did. Yeah. I have the same reaction. It's so surprising to me actually as Trump when... So let me ask you, you know, the question everybody is asking, well, there's many questions, but you know what happened in that election? We thought, most of us thought, that Hillary Clinton was going to win. And then you look at the country and you're an observer, you're here as a student of the American experience. Yeah, yeah, yeah. What do you put in your mind? What is in your mind about why we had the change-up that way? You know, I actually, not only myself, I actually discussed this with some of my friend as well. Chinese friend. Chinese friend, yes. And we talk about this. One of the reasons that we think some secret Trump voter is hiding over there. They might be ashamed to say it, but they actually support it. I think they get tired of the current situation. They might not as satisfied as they think, you know, of the current situation. But Hillary was reprinted the current situation. So they want a change. And also, I think they might be attracted to the idea of American first, you know. Right, nationalism. Yeah, I think that's the word. So they want people, maybe, and also I think people are attracted to the Trump's background on business. Yeah. Maybe that's in case successful in business. They may be successful to support the economy of America. The second question is, you know, are you and your friends, are you confident that he'll be able to handle it? That he'll be able to, you know, fulfill the promises that he has been making? I doubt that he might not fulfill all his promise he made because he say anything he want because that is difficult. But I think he can do it because, you know, it's not only one person's system, I think. I hope. Yeah, it's actually, it's two parties over there. And there's a group of people supported. And I think there's a still interest group will get involved in the management. It's not only, you know, one resident to one president to run the country. It's not like that. So let me ask you one last question before we go to the break, Michelle. Yeah, yeah. Is this election, you know, both in the run up to it and the actual election and the surprise and the, you know, the interesting personality, if you will, of Donald Trump? Does it change your view of U.S. politics, of U.S. brand of democracy? Does it change your friends' view of it? Do you think differently of it now? How do you feel about what's going on here? Is it give you confidence or is it give you something else? Actually, it's not. We do doubt that diplomacy is whether it's really a very good idea for everything. We do doubt that. But not only to U.S. Actually, we have seen this this year on U.K. to quit the union, to, you know, to quit Europe. Because now you feel that surprise result happened all the time. Why?  They have their foundations of group of people. And the world may be divided than we expected. Yeah, and the world is changing so quickly. You know, Michelle is really sophisticated about this.  She has some very good intuition and analysis. I'm really impressed. We're going to take a short break. And when we come back, we're going to talk about how I make my real estate deal in Shanghai. You're going to tell me right here on the air. Okay, I'll try. Hi, I'm Stacy Hayashi and you can catch me on Mondays at 11 on Think Tech Hawaii. Stacy to the rescue. See you then. Join us at Think Tech of Hawaii. Our show is Azure in review. Our next program is on November 17. This is Johnson Choi, your host. Aloha everybody. My name is Mark Shklav. I'd like you to join me for my program, Law Across the Sea on ThinkTechHawaii.com. Aloha. Thank you for watching Think Tech. I'm Grace Chang, the new host for Global Connections. You can find me here live every Thursday at 1 p.m., where we'll be talking to people around the islands or visiting the islands who are connected in various aspects of global affairs. So please tune in and Aloha and thanks for watching. Bingo, we're back. We're back with Michelle Chen. She's a Chinese lawyer from Shanghai, not from Shanghai, from Suzhou, which is just to the west of Shanghai. We're the firm called Khe, I did that one. Khe Partners. Great. I can't read the rest, but there you have her card. She's a real estate and I guess contracting and development and building development lawyer, I guess, yeah. And Suzhou is a successful city. It has been a relatively affluent city all through the years. An industrial and crafts city where people attend to detail and like to build things. This changes, you know, this affects your mentality, I think. And she's lived most of her life in Suzhou. And she's made a couple of trips outside, one to UK for a Masters in Law. And here we have a trip to Hawaii where she's getting real interesting exposure to the... I know this because I know how the program works to the courts, you know, to the law firm, to the clients, to business here in Bishop Street, to everything, including academia too. So let's go to Suzhou. And I'm an investor from Hawaii. I'm an American investor. And I have some buddies and we're going to put some money in. We're going to put in, you know, I say, how about 10 million? 10 million American dollars. And we want to build a retail and industrial, rather a retail and office complex in a large block. We'll assemble some land out of an old neighborhood that we like somewhere in Suzhou. We're going to redevelop it.  And your job is to tell us whether we can have that or not and how to get it. It is... Actually, the foreign investment in the real estate industry is limited because the price is already very high. It's limited from the start. So you're going to tell me it's hard to make money? No, it's hard for the foreign currency to come. Make the deal. To come. Because we only... the purpose for the real estate industry is to solve people's living problems. That's government policy. That's government policy. They don't want the foreign currency to come and to make more money and to raise the price of it. You know, that's so rational. That's what I'm thinking. And they can do it, can't they? So this is... You agree with that, don't you? I never doubted. I never think of doubting it. But, you know, it's forbidden to directly invest in that place. But, of course, you can work with a Chinese company. And make a joint venture now? Joint venture. And you can help me find one. You can find a joint venture partner. And I put money in and he puts expertise and connections, whatever. Okay, now we're together. And we're the... We're the joint venture. Okay. Great. And the procedure for the development is, first of all, you have to get the land, right? Every land now is sold in public right now. You have to bid for the land. Well, you'd buy it from the government. Yeah, you have to buy... Every land is sold by the government. Okay. Yeah, there's no individual land in the real estate market. Would you get a lease of... Was it 99 years or something? It depends on the use. You know, for business purposes, it's only 40 years, and for living it's 70 years, right? Right. But it's supposed to extend automatically after it's expired. But we don't know no land... So far it hasn't expired, hasn't it? Yeah, it hasn't expired. So people are concerned about it. But I think there will be a solution. And now everybody has to buy land from the government, and this has to be on public. And the government will have planned to which part of the land is to sell, and you can check for this. If you are satisfied with that and you can put on bid on the day they sell it, and it could risk to very high. Because the good land, the good location, the price could risk very high. You know, when I was in Shanghai, it was near Shintendi. Yeah. Shintendi. Yeah, very nice place. Upscale. Yeah. There was a big lot, huge big lot. You can't imagine how big things are in Shanghai. If you thought they were big in Texas, forget about it. They're really big in Shanghai. This was a huge project.  And there was a woman, okay, who lived in a house in an old neighborhood. And they had dug out the foundation down, down, down in only five, ten stories down and, you know, boxed it in for the construction, but she wouldn't leave. And so you had little, little pedestal of her house and her lot in the middle of this huge foundation and she wouldn't go, and the government couldn't get her out. And it was in the newspapers for weeks. They couldn't get her out. Finally, they prevailed on her. I think they paid her. Yeah. They threatened her, or both. I mean, they paid her. Remember this? Yeah. Yeah, this is the common situation. It happens. It happens because when the government collect all the land from the older user, they have to pay the user to leave, right? But some people are easily going and you just negotiate with the government. And the government used to pay, you know, quite good money. But some people just see this as the only chance in his life to make money. They want to double it. We have that here too. So it happened everywhere, you know. So this, but I see this in the good way. You know, it shows the respect from the government. Yeah. They didn't just take her off to jail or anything. Yeah, they don't want to drag her out. Yeah, they have respect. And if you want to stay, if we have not reached the final agreement yet, so you stay, right? It's amazing. So you have human rights, right? Yeah. I was very impressed with that. I thought that was very progressive, actually, that they respected her and they didn't do bad things to her. And ultimately, she was satisfied, you know. I think they talk to her. Actually, it's not convenience for her, right?  They don't have to. She had to climb down the pedestal, like five stories down.  It was terrible. It was terrible. And I think they finally talk to her through, I think. Okay, so I'm in the joint venture. I bring my money and it'd be okay then. My joint venture partner, you know, he tells me how the market is going and you tell me how the market is going. I make my bid. My joint venture buys the land. Okay, we're going to build this big, huge, big, and there's nobody there who's opposing us or who wants to have a pedestal in the middle of the project. And so we're now going to build, or hopefully we're going to get a permit to build our retail and, you know, a residential project. What is it like to get a permit? Do you specialize in that? Yeah. The whole procedure is like you buy the land. The land sold to you is all clear. There's nobody staying there. Be simple. Well, not be simple, but... Yeah, it's a simple type. Yeah, it won't leave the difficult problem to you. Yeah. And once you get the land and you apply for the permission, first of all, you get your drawing design. The design follows the rules. Zoning and all that. Yeah, zone. And they'll give you the certain standard. You have to build this way or you have to, you know, you put your drawing, apply for permission. Yeah. And they review it, they approve it, and then you can tell the public that you want her construction company to come in. And the construction company will come to bit, and they find the right one to work with you and you sign contract. And the construction come in and they apply for the permission for construction. It's like you have to have a qualified constructor and you have the drawing to be approved. You have to show you have the money to build? Yeah. You have to get financing, I guess? Yeah, they do, but in that part, you pay some deposit to pay the wages of the migrant workers. You make sure they're not be harmed. Otherwise, it depends on you. The government will not get into this deep. So the government will look through all the procedure. Is it time consuming? I mean, from the time I come in and I make my joint venture and we have a glass of champagne or whatever, okay, till the time I get my permit and the time I'm able to build and the time I finish building and my big project, how long will it take? The construction will take very fast. You know, every construction is going fast and as fast as they can. The construction company want to do it as long as you have money. Things like that move very quickly, don't they? Yeah, move very quickly. But the slowest part is to decide the drawing and you have to put your mind in that and that one, it could have to pass the government's examination. So that part could take very long. And you would represent me on that. You would help me with that? Yeah, of course. The whole procedure. The lawyer's work for the project is to get into the project from day one, from the day you prepare for the joint venture and talk to the venture. We can be all the way with you. Very exciting. Talking to you, I would have absolute confidence in you and I know I would come to you with my ten million dollars if I had ten million dollars and we would make a project together. Thank you and you will reach this huge success to be paid back in the very good market, actually. Thank you, Michelle. Michelle Chen, wonderful to talk to you.


Hello and welcome today. We're gonna be looking at shifting argument variables in bash So let's go ahead and just create a script. We'll call this args sure that sh Let's do args that sh you can call it whatever you want Of course, we're gonna start off with our shebang line laying our operating system No, that we're wanting to use the bash interpreter here now. Hopefully you already know a little bit about arguments being passed to a Script so for example if I say You entered dollar sign one and I'll make this script executable change mod plus X Args and then I can run that I do that and says you entered nothing, but if I type in John it will say John if I type in John Smith It just says John because we always said give it print out the first Argument if we come in here, we can say our dollar sign To and that would print out the first two variables And if I type in something else like Bob, it's not going to type that we can also come in here and say a strict which means To print out all the arguments so it doesn't matter how many things we type after here It's going to print them all also be aware that We're separating our arguments by spaces But if you want spaces in one of your arguments, you can put quotations or rep marks around it So if I said dollar sign one dollar sign two And we'll back up and we did something like this Bob Smith It's gonna say John Smith, but if I put quotation marks around this It's going to say John Smith and Bob because it's counting this as one argument Anyway, that was just a quick review on how arguments work and how you pass them one more thing I should show though because it's important to this tutorial is you can also Give it the pound sign or number sign or hashtag whatever you want to call it and then we'll give you the count of arguments So here we should get you entered what we didn't enter three, but we entered three arguments And again if I do quotation on that it's going to say two because it's seeing John Smith as one Okay, that was a quick review what we want to do is we want to shift through these so we want to do something It's kind of like well it is a while loop through each one of them So let's go into our script here and what we're going to do is we're going to type in while and Double parentheses dollar sign pound so we're going to go while this number we're going to loop through the number We're going to say do we're going to end that with a done and now it's going to loop through in here I'm going to say echo Hello dollar sign one and then we will type in shift So what this is going to do is it's going to echo out our first argument that we pass to it And then we'll shift that number and loop again And now what was our second argument will be our first argument and so forth and so on so now I Should be able to say something like John and Bob and we'll say hello John hello Bob. I can say Tom and I can come in here and I can say John Smith So say hello John Smith hello Bob hello Tom and we can say Jerry I'll say hello John. Hello. Hello John Smith. Hello Bob. Hello Tom. Hello Jerry. We can say Tom and Jerry so now we'll say hello John Smith. Hello Bob. Hello Tom and Jerry and so forth and so on so now you can see you could We're right now. We're just echoing out. Excuse me the responses But you could do a lot of stuff with the arguments looping through them this way So that's one way to loop through or in this case We're using a while loop and we're shifting each one of those arguments those variables being passed to our script Now one thing you want to note is if I don't give it any arguments We get no output which we probably do want some sort of output there So the user knows what to do so we'll go back into our script here And this is a good thing to do any time you have a script that arguments are being passed You want to check to make sure the proper arguments are being passed So I'm going to quickly here use one of my templates that I have That I created so here we are going to check for arguments So we're doing here is we're saying okay if the numbers remember that's the number of arguments is going to give you You know zero one two three four and here we're going to say If it's less than one so we're looking for at least one argument these spaces here are very important If you don't have these spaces you will get an error So if you try this and you get an error make sure you have a space after if and between the brackets here But we're checking to make sure we have at least one argument if There is not at least one argument Then we're going to echo out usage dollar sign zero as we talked about you know Dollar sign one is the first argument dollar sign zero is actually the name of your program So this you do this so in case your executables name is changed It's still going to give you you know if I name my program was my program And we put that there, but then someone changed the the bind or not binary But the name of the file it'll be wrong dollar sign zero We'll just give whatever the name of your executable file is even if it's been renamed So in this case we're going to say usage dollar sign zero one and we're going to exit with one meaning it failed Because our script did not run properly. We'll save and write that again I'm using Vim as my text there. You can use whatever text editor you want So here if I say John you'll print out John if I go through like this We'll print all this but if I give it without a argument. It's going to print out our usage message. It's saying usage args.sh names I go. Oh, okay now. I know I need to you know type in something like this and Lots of times. I'll give a usage and then I'll give an example to make it a little bit clearer. I'll say echo Example dollar sign zero John Bob I Like doing that making it very clear. So now if we run this we get that and I go okay I can just copy and paste this and my program should don't probably ah now I understand how this program works. So anyway, that is shifting through variable arguments in a bash cell Hope you found this useful if you did think about liking sharing subscribing commenting and also visiting my patreon page There's a link in the description, but it for your knowledge. It is Patreon.com forward slash metal x one thousand you can also go to films by Chris calm That's Chris of the K. There's link to that in the description there There's a support section where there's a link to my patreon page and also a link to paypal if you want to support me That way can't support me financially. That is fine But you know liking share sharing and subscribing helps a lot views help a lot and I appreciate it and as always I hope that you have a great day


Violence against women is a global crisis. This year, the United Nations under the global theme orange the world and violence against women now is marking 16 days of activism against gender-based violence from 25th of November to the 10th of December. Violence against women often goes unreported, silenced by stigma, shame, fear of the perpetrators and fear of a justice system that does not work for women. The COVID-19 pandemic with all its isolation and distancing has reportedly enabled more violence against women in recent years. Joining us live is Dr. Tyre Thomas, president with those and often support society of Africa. You're welcome to PLOS TV. So violence against women is still very common even today. In spite of some of the efforts that some people, activists, organizations have put together, even governments. Why is it so? It's women. It's the way it is because a lot of women have not been able to come out to speak out and too few that speak out probably are not getting justice to get satisfaction. So that is why we are unable to eradicate violence. If women can't come out and speak out and say, this is the challenges, this is what I'm facing.  Once stigma, they look at the stigma. So they look at, will I be able to get justice? And really, the truth of the matter is justice are not really prevailing for few that are able to come out. There are a lot of pending issues on violence against women. This justice not prevailing for those who have come out. Why do you think it's responsible for that? Why is the judiciary failing women in this? Well, our system, you know how it is. Sometimes when someone go to the, a woman go to the police station to make a report about how she's been violated by a woman. The first thing is a lot of questions that have come up. Why do you go with him?   Why don't you shout? So these are the part of what really makes some ladies. If I could just come out and say something, instead I will get more stigma. It will just come in a caricature way. So government should have a strong law against people who perpetuate this violence against women. There are cases, a lot of cases. You've been working with women for some years now through your NGO that's widows and often support society of Africa. Now in doing all that you've been doing, what would you say is the most prevalent of these crimes against women today? Well, the case is about the widows mostly. It challenges most of them, just to have. So when they lost their response, the family of the man are always interesting in taking everything from the woman. Even when they notice that this man has children. There's one going on that we're trying to stop touching. Is it very close person of man? The husband to the man, I mean, the brother to the man, is insisting that he has to take charge because the children are young. And he feel that the man cannot manage the work of the, I mean, the woman cannot manage. Meanwhile, the woman is educated. This is a kind of housing. The woman is educated. She's, when trained, she's an educationist. So what give, what give, what give him the impression that the woman cannot step in to manage the resources? Why grooming the children? I mean, and this same brother influenced all other members of the family that must kick this woman out with her children. Okay, so women are going through all of this. During the pandemic, the lockdown, we learned that so many women girls were raped by their fathers. We learned that a lot of the first cases, you know, were reported because of violence against women. And now from your answer, it's clear that the judiciary is failing the women. They go to the police. They will be asked all sort of questions. And you didn't even ask that some will be asked, why did you dress the way you did? Exactly. And such questions. Now, since the women cannot get protection and justice from the necessary organizations that should be proffering, do you have any self-protection tips for women? Of course we have. We have a strong legal unit, two men right, that fight this out for women. All the women that were unjustly treated. We want this case come to us. And then move it to a legal unit to ensure that these women get justice. And they are getting justice. Because the only thing is that when you are this, and you have somebody to fight for you, you are likely to win a battle. But when you are in the battle field and you don't have a supportive hand to say no. You don't want to see that a woman right activist who is well in it, say no, this is not right. We have female lawyers who are fighting for this women. And most women make sure we speed it. We make sure that we get to the root of everything. So women have seen domestic violence. My mom, my younger sister died in my very present. This is a domestic violence. The young man was... I was a very young little boy. I went flat out in my auntie's place. Is that what inspired you in here? Yes, that's what really inspired me. And besides, when growing up, I've seen a lot of the widows passing through a lot. Passing through a lot. As a structural engineer, I've been to a site, an abandoned site where I was to send people where I got a contract to renovate, to build. And I was in a hurry to send them away because it's a contract I want to... But when I got in there and I discovered that that very day I was sending them away, I got to the terrace unit. I saw a woman crying uncontrollable. I was trying to pass fire. But I couldn't. I have to wait and pet her. She opened up and said, look, our house was demolished in a quarter. My husband, when my husband died, that's the house we built. Now, we moved to this uncompleted building, this estate, abandoned estate, to rest, to stay with my children, two girls, 13 and 16.  Oh my God.  It was bleeding. This one never knew man. Please come and rape me one more time. So, I mean, when she was saying that I was cold, and I saw... By the time I told her, I saw her need to get covered with clothes. I opened, I discovered that was 13 years old. So we have to rush them to the hospital, then find a way out, get them in a new accommodation and to ensure that life turned up well for them. So we took them to the nearby hospital, to the Pudoh hospital, my friend hospital in Asia. So we get them treated and to the glory of God, they are now doing well. Okay, you walk closely with the United Nations. This year, the global theme is Orange the World, End Violence Against Women Now. Tell us about some of the activities that have been marked for this year's celebration of the day to end violence against women. First of all, we will have lecture awareness for women, that they have their rights. They should be bold enough to come out to ensure that whatever violence that has been passed is stopped. They should be bold enough to speak out. That lecture is a public awareness. It's a kind of public awareness it's a kind of public awareness to the women. You can come out, nothing will happen. And we, as an again, we are behind you. If you cannot go and come to us, we'll take it up. There will be lectures. So tomorrow it's taking place where? It's taking place at Lighthouse Events Center in Zekiaja, that is Aghe Bostok, where we have a reading reading Christian Church of God, Dabana Covdivit. We are having it in that place, life. We have different ceremony, ceremony will come up. Then those who have really served humanity will be awarded to encourage them to fight. To join us to fight these violence. So we have to encourage them. Then there will be drama, there will be all kinds of activities. Women items too, we will sing it to them here. You know, many people don't know that and we have a women item. Women item. Yes, apart from national item we have a women item. That's interesting. Do you know how to sing it? The content of it. Well, that will not allow us, even if you know how to sing it. I wish you could sing that. That's the kind of anthem I like to say. Now, according to the UN, they are going to mark 16 days of activism. Is yours going to be for this long? Between 16th to 10th of December is yours going to be this long or just tomorrow? No, no, tomorrow is a grand ceremony. We are working with UN. Oh, good. We will follow them alongside. Okay. We will do it, campaign. We will go to campaign and create awareness that these files must stop right now. Indeed issues stop. Yeah. Indeed issues stop. Women have suffered a lot. It's time for the women to come together and say, no, we are not taking it anymore. Yes, we are not taking this thing. And I'm sure we are going to achieve it. Dr. Tyos, Tyos Thomas, President, widows and often support society of Africa is our guest today, taking a look at UN's call for the end of violence against women. It's, it happens every 25th of November to help women have justice and also end the violence against women. Thank you so much for your time. And wishing you the best for this year's celebration of this. We are expecting you. Yes, I'll be there. I will be there.  So I'll be there definitely. That's interesting. We can do this thing together. Very good. Then we achieve present success. Definitely. Thank you so much for your time. Thank you. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


So recall the notion of the cycloid that we had introduced before. So if a cartwheel is spinning and a fixed point on that circle is determined, what path does it trace throughout space? You can see that path right here illustrating green it makes these arches over and over and over again. We had saw previously that we can parameterize the cycloid using the equations x equals r times theta minus sine theta and y equals r times 1 minus cosine theta. So theta is our parameter here in play. And so what I want to do is do some type of curve sketching analysis of the cycloid using this parameterization, right? So can we find the tangent line of the cycloid at the point pi equals or sorry theta equals pi thirds. So at the parameter pi thirds, what would the tangent line look like? And so we first begin by computing the derivative. Remember y prime, which is just shorthand for dy over dx. This is equal to dy over dt, or I guess in this case it would be theta, divided by dx over d theta. So taking the derivatives here, the derivative of y with respect to theta, we're going to treat r as a constant. The radius of the circle doesn't change throughout this problem. We're going to get r times the derivative of 1 is 0, the derivative, so I just will disappear, the derivative of negative cosine will be a positive sign. So you're going to get an r sine theta on top. For the denominator, you're going to get r times the derivative of theta is 1 and the derivative of negative sine will be a negative cosine. So you're going to get 1 minus cosine theta for x on the bottom. The r's cancel out, in which case you get y prime is sine theta over just 1 minus cosine theta. So then if we evaluate y prime at pi thirds, we're going to plug in pi thirds in here. We get sine of pi thirds, and then 1 minus cosine of pi thirds. Sine of pi thirds, that's going to be root 2, or sorry root 3 over 2, and right here, root 3 over 2. For cosine, it's just a one-half. So 1 minus one-half is, of course, is one-half, and then simplifying this this compounded fraction here, we get root 3 over 2 times pi the reciprocal 2 over 1. 2 over 1, the 2's cancel, and we just get the square of 3. That is the slope of the tangent line at that point. So the equation of the tangent line will look like y minus k, the y-coordinate at the point of tangency. So we should actually, we can write this as our function g at pi thirds. Right? So this function right here is our g of theta, and this one right here is our f of theta. So we have to compute y minus g of pi thirds. This is equal to y prime at pi thirds times x minus f at pi thirds. Some of these we already know, of course, so the derivative is going to be the square of 3 times x. If we plug in, if we plug in pi thirds into the function g, that's one, this one right here, you'll end up with cosine of pi thirds as we saw before. That's a, that's a one-half, one minus one-half is one-half. So you're going to get r-halves over there, y, y minus r-halves. Like so. And then for the x-coordinate, we have to put pi thirds into this guy over here. Sine of pi thirds is root 3 over 2, theta will just be pi thirds. So you're going to get minus r times pi thirds minus root 3 over 2. That's a delicious irrational number. And this right here would give us the equation of the tangent line. Now, if you don't like this because it's not in slope intercept form, then of course you solve for y and you end up with y equals square root of 3 times x minus r times pi over the square root of 3 minus 2. Is that right? That seems a little bit funky. How did the square root of 3 get in the bottom there? I think I must have distributed something. Oh yeah, that's because when you distribute the square root of 3 onto this part. Square root of 3 on top can simplify with the square root of 3. The 3 on bottom gets the square root of 3 on the bottom. So no, that's legit. That is the real deal, everyone. And so it's, you know, we can approximate it, but that's what the tangent line would look like, or the equation of it. And we could draw it above. Working on one that's a little bit easier. What if we looked for horizontal and vertical tangent lines? Like we mentioned before, the horizontal tangent lines will coincide when dy over dx is equal to 0. That'll happen when dy over d theta equals 0. And likewise, the vertical tangent lines will be when there's a 0 in the denominator of dy over dx, aka dx over d theta equals 0. So using the derivatives that we had calculated before, so dy over dt, remember this is equal to r sine theta from above. We want that to equal 0. And for the vertical tangents, we have to take dx over dt, set that equal to 0. That was an r times 1 minus cosine theta. We want that to equal 0. And so we'll work with the horizontal tangent lines first. Divide both sides by r. We get sine theta equals 0. And so when is sine equal to 0, that would happen when sine is 0. It happens at pi. It happens at 2pi. It happens at 3pi. Or more specifically, this will happen at k multiples of pi. Because this also includes negative numbers as well. All right. Let's see. I'm sure I wrote that down correctly. And we have r sine right there. And then for the other one, if we have r times 1 minus cosine theta, that should equal 0. Divide both sides by r. We get 1 minus cosine theta is equal to 0. So we want to know when cosine theta is equal to 1. When is cosine theta equal to 1? That occurs when, think about our unit circle, cosine starts off at 1. And that then cosine theta starts off at 1. So you get 0pi, 2pi. No, I take that back. Cosine is equal to 1, not at negative pi, but at 2pi and 4pi. So you get things like that. So when theta is a multiple of 2pi, so 2pi k, that's when you will get vertical lines. I see. I guess the issue that I forgot to mention earlier is that when we're looking for a horizontal and vertical tangent, we need the numerator to be 0. But we also need that dx over d theta is not 0. They can't both simultaneously be 0. And then to find a vertical tangent, we have to investigate when we want the denominator to be 0, but the numerator not to be 0. And so there's actually a little bit of a mix up right here. The denominator will be 0 at multiples of 2pi. The numerator will be 0, like we said before. So when we set r sine theta equal to 0, we got multiples of pi. And so this is any multiple of pi. So this is even or odd multiple of pi. So in particular, there's an overlap, right? We're going to get something that looks like 0 over 0 at even multiples. Even multiples, you know, these 2pi k that we saw over here. So I mean this k pi, it could be broken up into two pieces. There's going to be odd multiples.  And so these ones are completely kosher, right? So because there's no overlap right here, these ones will definitely be horizontal tangent lines in that situation. But what happens at the even multiples of pi, it turns out that a L'Hopital argument is going to be necessary for this situation. So we're looking at the limit as say theta approaches an even multiple of pi, right? It's going to approach an even multiple of pi. We're going to take then sine theta on top and then 1 minus cosine theta on the bottom because the r's cancel out this time. And so again, if you just plug in 2n pi, you're going to end up with 0 over 0. So by L'Hopital's rule, we take the derivative from top and bottom. We're going to take the limit now.  Again, now we're approaching still 2n pi, an even multiple of pi. On the top, we will end up with a 1. On the bottom, we get 0. And so 1 over 0 here represents we have some type of vertical asymptote. Really what this is describing here is that the 0 and the bottom wins the fight. And so it turns out that for even multiples of pi, there aren't horizontal asymptotes, not horizontal tangents. They're actually vertical tangent lines. And so we come back up to our graph. This actually matches up with what we see that if we look at odd multiples of pi, so we take pi, 3 pi, negative pi, we end up with horizontal tangent lines on our cycloid. And when we take even multiples of pi, like 2 pi and 0, we actually get vertical tangent lines. So again, using our curve sketching type analysis we learned in calculus one, we can use the derivative to analyze parametric functions such as the cycloid, which be aware the cycloid you look at this thing, it passes the vertical line test. We could describe this function using y equals a function of x.  It is a beast. It's very difficult to use. This parameterization that you see on the screen right here is much, much more natural to use. But you have to be used to doing calculus with parametric functions. How would we be able to find these tangent lines like we did here? We could do it. We could also identify and show that this graph is always concave down by taking the second derivative and showing that it's always positive. I won't do that right now, but I'll challenge you that you should try to do that after this video is over. And this is going to conclude lecture 30 for us in our series. In the next video, we're going to talk a little bit about how integration is affected when we work with parametric curves. So stay tuned for that one.