This on command home, ain't nothing but some boss can get my hand. I heard the word on the street. It's a demand, don't know if I might've think this came from him. I'm from the trenches. I got this out the kitchen. When I talk, they pay attention. You get off something, make it better, listen. Check it, check it, check it. This is a unique hustle. It's your boy, E.C.O. And I'm here with the lovely, amazing Mr. Mako. What's going on? Not, not my dad. Hey, man. Let's say, man, this here, this easy one right here for me, man. Hey, this one ain't hard at all, man. You know, some of them, you know, you be just kind of like, man, how's this one going to go? But this one here, man, I feel real good about it, man. Hey, man, you already know what it is, man. My boy, man, PGF Shouts in the building, man. What's going on? What's happening, man? What's happening? Man, you know, man, thank you so much, man. I thank God for putting you in my life, man. Man, I thank God for putting you in my life. Man, it just, it's unbelievable, man. When we started this whole thing, man, we didn't know what we were doing, you know what I'm saying?  That's the way I was looking at it. Right, right. And make a little money in the process. Definitely, definitely. I always make my own money.  I appreciate it, man. I ain't playing no games about you, man. Yeah, and the feel of mutual, man. Yeah, man, me and my wife, you know, when I come here, you know, it's a no brainer what I'm trying to do when I'm down here in Atlanta, man. I'm trying to get with you, nigga. I'm finding my guy, man, you know what I'm saying? Yeah, man. So, man, just, you know, last time we did, it's a lot that happened since the last interview, man. A lot, man. A lot, and it, when you look back down that whole road, you're like, man, you know, you never would have thought, you know, that a lot of the stuff that's going on today would be happening, but life just happened. Correct, it does. And ain't nothing you could do about it. Yeah, sure. So, what you got for shout today?  No, I'm just chilling, but from the last time we interviewed you till today, what have changed in your life? Not only in business, because we know about immunity that's coming out, or that's out, I should say, but then I wanna know about your personal. My personal.  All right. Not so much changed with my personal though. I think I'm with the same family. That's big, and my circle don't change. And your mental space, because you know we're always growing, so we're always trying to think of new things to elevate ourselves. Correct, correct. So I'm trying to think, I'm trying to see what have you came up with from that time till now? From that time to now, oh man, I've been into a lot more than just music from that time to now. Okay. Like I told, I've been into the scripted world. Mm-hmm. No, I'm trying to learn that thing, man. You gotta put me up on game, man. Like I told you, I'm gonna bring my guy, Chalk, I'm gonna let him sit up here and talk about it. He really good with the financing. I love to do it, man. About the energy. Because everybody be talking about it, and you know, when people start talking about finances and crypto and stuff, it's like, you're like. Now, Chalk's out in the Wall Street trapper, man. Y'all gotta follow him on IG, man. He gonna put you down with a lot of game on the stock. I follow him, he give me a lot of game. He made it with it, man. Wow. Yeah. So as you, when you brought this, we gonna talk about the project, but when you brought it out, what made you, cause you be working, man. Right. I ain't never seen nothing like it, bro. Like I see a lot of cats, they say they're into music. A lot of them be trying to come on the show too. They be like, man, I wanna come out and look.  You know, but that's not the way you do it, man. You always working. You're always trying to come up with something new. When you left me, you went upstate. I seen billboards and all type of stuff. You know what I mean? Posters. I said, man, my boy moving, man. You know what I'm saying? Gotta stay moving. Yeah. And I seen you doing podcast. You just don't stop, you know? And that's the part where I think a lot of these cats don't get it. Like you gotta put that work in, right? Oh, this mandatory, man. I think hard work out beat talent any day. What you gonna do in 2022 different than what, I mean, you know what you did in 2021 so far as the hustle, you know, I get excited about that kind of stuff. I'm gonna turn it up a notch. I just think about what I did this year with the whole Narcos campaign. I loved it. Moving up to this immunity project. I'm gonna take this into the new year, but I know I got Narcos two coming up. And I'm just trying to time that whole first campaign times three, like, you know what I mean? Trying to level up, you know what I mean? I wanna do a lot of promotion overseas this time. I wanna reach a whole another market, you know what I mean? Where exactly overseas are you thinking? UK, I heard it real big on the music scene. Like I said, I got some friends at Jamaica right now. They think they doing big. Definitely. Yeah, but just a lot of other areas, just besides the United States, you know what I'm saying? We're gonna tag the US, of course. I wanna reach out to other markets where they really enter, you know, different cultures of music, you know what I mean? Yeah, that's solid, that's solid, man. Yeah, so don't be surprised and make sure you see me overseas for two months, you know what I'm saying? Me and my crew take, you know what I'm saying? We over the Amsterdam or something like that. Yeah. It's definitely in the making, we'll be there. Ah, man, hey, listen, man, I already know how you move, man. Like I said, I ain't never seen, I like it. A lot of these guys, man, hey, take notes, man. P.F. Sheldon doing it right, man. For me, when it come down to the brand, the way you move it, man, it's just solidarity, bro. And I'm loving it, I'm loving the facts, man. And I know already the patience that you have. How do you get the patience that you have to see a project through and not get over anxious? That came from life experience, man. Might've came sitting there still. Yeah. Yeah, you just learn patience, man, waiting, you know what I mean? From having, being forced to wait. I think as a young, I was very impatient, you know what I mean? I think that kind of made me grow into learning that patience is a virtue, something that you must have. Yeah. Yeah, so, and now it's to the point where I kind of master having that patience and waiting and knowing when it's time. Because they've been bugging me about this project. It's probably been done, I'm saying that now, for about a month or two. And I was thinking about dropping it back in early October. But it was the feeling and the vibe and the timing that I didn't feel, you know what I'm saying? But the other day when bigger, bigger, me and bigger spoke, you know what I mean? I felt it. What you gonna do with this project?  I ain't no. Yeah, like I've been holding it. So how did you and him link up to even do this? Shot size again to my manager, dollar, dollar. You know what I mean? He liked to play with the backfield, but that's what it all, he reach out, he make it happen, you know? He called bigger. Me and bigger had already bumped into each other a few times at a couple of events, shot out the ATL top 20, my I-10 some day events. And me and bigger had a chance to be that one of the events we chopped it up in, you know? When me and bigger see each other, man, it's all love. And you know, he originally from Duval, you know, at that number of different floors. So we kind of vibe from that alone. I like it, man. Like I said, I know already when I see you and you working on something, I'm excited because I know already you putting your heart into it and it's gonna have some essence. That a lot of the music today, you know, and I don't wanna sound like no old head, you know what I'm saying? I'm old and cat, but it don't be having an essence to it. Where I know when you speaking, you speaking from a place sometime paying and it be real, you know what I mean? And I like that, man, because we don't get that a lot of times in our music no more. A lot of it's just pretty much the same thing repetitiously. And just to hear the conviction, the realness, that's what I feel is defines you outside of the, you know, the whole circle that we dealing with, you know? And not only that, the cadences, man. When you speak it, you spend it for real, you know? I try to put as much emotion as I can to my music when I'm making it, you know what I mean? I wanna express a lot of time that's how I feel it. So it ain't fake, it's really, really emotional, you know what I mean? Coming in that mic, so that's how it come out. But how hard is it too? Because when you write a song, you're feeling that moment right then and there.  But sometimes when it's time to go into the studio to record, that emotion already passed. Well, see, I'm blessed to be a studio right downstairs in my bed. So once I get married, you get to talk crazy, me on the phone and blah, blah, blah, I ain't going downstairs and you know, I can do it right then. I ain't gotta wait for that. I'm waiting until I get back, you know what I mean? And I- I always wonder how people tap back into that emotion. And sometimes it really, it be there. Regardless of how long it be, I'm a Scorpio. So I hold on to a grudge just like, like for real. So I might be holding on to something from 10 years ago that I ain't even wrapped about yet. I just ain't got to it yet. You know what I mean? It's, you know what I mean? But when it come about, you know what I mean? It's like that. Hey man, yeah, I get it, man. I'm grudging something else too though. But at the end of the day- I mean, I forgive, but the thing is hard to forget. But when you speak on it, it's actually healing. Right, it's still a period. That's right. That's exactly right. Definitely. So the song statistics with Charleston White, man, we got, I mean, you know, that's our guy, man. Right, that's our guy. Come on, man, you know how we feel about him. That's why we sitting here today. Just be real about it. I'll be real. I can't be fake, you know what I mean? That's a hard one. You know, how did you end up? Well, first of all, what made you put him on that track? Man, I watched Charleston White interview, man. And I think he spoke about some rappers. I'm not sure who it was or something. But, man, what he said was so goddamn real, man. Right, and I knew the nigga didn't like it what he was saying.  I mean, I knew they didn't like it. And I loved that, man. I was like, man, I need this nigga to talk on my track, man. I didn't know how I was gonna reach out to him. I went to IG and I went to hitting him and that thing never hit back, you know. I said, man, bro, get here too. And I'm like, you know what I mean? I need you. Wow. Man, we've been on here since. Man, so that's when I got jealous about the White. Y'all remember I told you that? Right. I was jealous because y'all had linked up and left me out. Right, man.  I was in Dallas, man. I said, man, look at this. Man, that thing is clean up there. You know, and I just love the way that that whole layout was when y'all went through the process. That's what's different about you as well. You put out content, man. You let us see what's going on. You know, you walk us up to it. I remember when you put that out and that was going on back then that y'all was processing it. Right, right. But you let us see it. See, a lot of people don't know how to do that. And then it's class to the way you let us see it. You didn't just bring us into anything. It was very laid out and professional when I seen y'all the process in that whole situation. Right, right. That was dope. Yeah, I had to get that man on the road. You know, it was crazy how he rooted out of Texas Fort Worth.  I don't know what it was. If it was like I said, I think it was just more of a, I don't know what you called it, man. But it was just meant for us to be able to link up, man and really talk and have that one-on-one that sit down. Cause I think what he expresses to the industry, to the rap world and teach to the youth, man, is really needed about, you know what I mean? Not idolizing that character, man. Yeah, yeah. I think that affected a lot of us growing up as a kid. I know I idolized a lot of characters. Yeah, yeah. Even to find out them is really characters. You know what I mean? Now it hurts me, you know what I'm saying?  You know what I mean? I can't believe they tricked me. You know what I'm saying? So I'm glad he addressing that shit, man. I swear, man.  Yeah, yeah. A lot of people can't get it. So it ain't for everybody anyway. It ain't. Growing up and watching wrestling, I remember watching wrestling. That's the best way to put it. If you ain't said nothing about it, man. And I'm telling you, I loved it. I used to think all of that was real. You could not tell me that was not real. I'd go outside, jump off of something to jump on somebody, thinking I'm, but I'm going to hurt myself. And I used to always wonder, how they don't get hurt?   Well, man, what about, you know, that song is dope. I love the video, man. Charleston in the back doing the arm thing. That's the way he do it. Boy, be straight flexing.  And I be like, damn, you in that, you straight-spin that five. Hey, it is a problem, man. I love that track with hard, man. That manipulation, that's another one that, man.    Right. Manipulation was a single, man. And I put it out there, not really knowing where I wanted to go with it. I just knew I really liked the song. And it caught a buzz, man. It picked up on a lot of radio stations. He in Georgia, Florida, I know in Philly. I know we reached Texas, Alabama. It kind of reached a couple of places, you know what I mean? And it's still rotating out heavily. And I hadn't put it on a project yet. So I decided to pick this immunity project. It fits the project, the title of immunity and manipulation I think it goes well with the whole concept. So I took it, again, bigger, bigger, heard it, bigger, like, man, I need this with y'all. You got to let me have this with y'all. So I wasn't worried about, I wanted me to get to the rest of the show part of it. Like, do you want me to stop? Cause I- No, cause what I was going to say, you know, I've heard that manipulation a long time, you know, a while back. And I loved the song from then, but I did not know it was you. Oh, no, you did? I did not. And I loved it. And when he told me, he played it today and he was like, no, that's not, and I'm like, really? And I'm thinking that this song should be like, this big already. Right, right. It's growing. It is. And it's gonna get, it's gonna be number one. That's what's up. It's gonna be number one. I love it. So Darius and you, how did y'all link up on that? Let's talk about it a little bit. Man, again, it was at a time in our life where I think we both felt manipulated by, you know, close ones, two of us. We both felt like our lords, he had betrayed us. I was in the studio alone, man. Me and my engineer, Neil, shots out to Neil. Again, one of the best in the city, man. Neil was recording me. Oh, my head did the song. If I did the song, man, I called the radio on the phone. I was like, bro, you know what I'm saying? I want you to hear something.  Like I told him before he let me hear something.  I was like, that's your heart of head. Do you know what I mean? After that, I really didn't want to let him hear my song, you know?  You know what I mean? He heard it.  And I sucked it to him.  Man, me and Neil played it. I mean, it was just, he did his thing too. He bought life to the track. I mean, y'all was already in my feelings on it. And I think he came in and got in his feelings on it and it was just that she spoke emotions. I mean, the whole song speak emotions. Wow. I love it. Yeah, that's so dope, man. Like, you don't understand, man. Like, that's gonna be playing. Hey, when I'm rolling, I'm rolling with you, baby. You ain't got to worry about that. Yeah. So the sauce and the one million views, how did that happen? Give me the process. I don't know how it happened. I don't know if I'm talking about just how it happened with. When you seen it go up, did it just pop or did it just take time trickling up or? It took a little minute, but I did it on. What I did was I posted it on my YouTube page first and then I went out my way, man. I spent 7,000 on WorldStar. OK. And I told WorldStar, I put the link to everything that hit my YouTube page. From there, man, I just got all the pops from WorldStar, from running promo ads on YouTube and Google ads. It kind of just picked up.  And it was at 500, I think me and my dog, Drew, we started looking at it. Then that's when we started paying attention.   It hit a million. I was like, man, I'll surprise myself, you know what I mean? And this is one of the songs that I did so long. Like, I ain't had no help. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I've seen it. My daughter might have been like, what, I don't know, a couple years, five or something. So it was like, it was something I was just trying. Actually, my first ever song that I signed in the court, that was it in the first bit, that was it. Man, I think that's God's way of telling you to keep going. Right. And the people, of course, for sure. Right, I got a lot of support from that because everybody was like, damn, shout, you need to rap. Nah, you need to shout, you need to rap. Yeah, man, you hit that thing, man. So, let me ask you something, man. So, we didn't go over toxic.  Right. And it was different than your toxic, of course. Right. You know what I mean? He didn't have a sauce like yours, you know what I'm saying? Right. But it was a good song. It was just popped up, wasn't it? But your toxic, man, is that talking about a specific woman or situation? What is this toxic about? Because there's so many things that's toxic. I see she ain't gonna let me get away with this. Yeah, it does, all right. I didn't ask this again. He did, okay? Yeah, it does. It speaks about a situation in my life. Well, I wouldn't have. Okay. I was in a toxic relationship with a toxic woman, and I fought myself for making the decision for getting in that relationship at the same time.  You know, I wasn't happy, man. I really wasn't. You know, it wasn't no better way to put it, but I wanted to be out of the relationship, you know what I mean? And I had, we had built up this foundation and this ground, and it was something that everybody was, it was, I felt like, you know, I'm gonna stand on this, you know what I mean? But at the same time, I can't stand on something that I'm not solidified happy with, that I wasn't happy with, you know? I walked away from the situation. And it caused it to go even more toxic, but. Because of anger in the beginning? Yeah, because of anger and emotion. That's crazy, but it'd be happening just like that in real time. It's real, it's real. Right, you know, and I didn't, me personally, I didn't feel like I was being breaking no type of, I don't know how you want to say it, but loyalty to it, because I still was there for, if she needed anything, if she ever needed anything, I didn't feel like I was betraying or just abandoning her. That wasn't the feeling, but I wasn't happy with her. You know, I had to get myself out of that, man. And it's a case where. And this is years ago, this is nothing recent. Right, right, right, right, no. This is years ago, this is almost, I don't know, about eight years or so. Yeah, I get it. Yeah, but it definitely was a toxic situation. And with Summer Walker right now, with her having the back and forth with the men and the women of war, oh, I think it was best to speak up for the men, like I said, men get tired and men be unhappy too. You know what I'm saying, if we got these women that's talking about, oh, he ain't never there and he ain't, he got some men that ain't happy. Why he ain't there, he don't want to be there. What you mean? But the reason why I was going to ask this question, I don't know, yes, it happened a long time ago, but we have a lot of listeners who may be currently going through a situation like what you're talking about.  I'm, as a, I got five kids. I'm gonna tell you right now, don't do it for the kids. Don't stick around for the kids. Do it for your happiness, do it for what makes you happy. Because doing it for, just doing it to make someone else happy is only gonna make the situation worse. Okay. Wow, so when you look at, this is something I've been talking about because there's been so many devs centered around artists. And when you look at these different devs, you had Bun, you had Young Dolph, you had R.I.P., there's some pieces of Dolph. You had The Mote Threes, you had, you know, it's been so many of them. We had one guy. Ducky P. Yeah, Ducky P. Just different people, and I know you guys see it. The fog that hovers over, you know, the rap artist span, what do you think they come from? Is there a vendetta? Is it self-inflicted hate? What do you think? Oh, man, it definitely hate. I think a lot of it has got a lot to do with hate and envy, jealousy. It's sad, man, what's going on. Real sad. It was going on with that whole genre of what you're saying with the rap culture and the rapper's dime. I think it's seen more now because of the, you know, the social media and platform like that. And I think there's a lot more rappers now than it was before. And maybe it's you seeing it more often. You know what I'm saying? There you was back then because there weren't as many rappers. There wasn't no social media, but now there's a lot of people with things that people want on live and on TV and people flashing this and flashing that. And then there's people that don't have this and don't have that. And it kind of collides. Yeah, I'm really, like, it saddens me because you see these pictures with the family after they have been murdered or killed. You see the babies. That's when the baby pictures come out. The family pictures come out. It don't come out during the time when they're here, because they're keeping their image up. But then after they go on the first pictures they put up is, hey, he had a family. You don't see young Dolf. You see the man. Like I say. Exactly. You don't see the character. You don't see the character. Okay, here come the real now. Here come the real. Wow. And that's the part that throws you off because you know already that in order to see it the way even say Charleston, when he talks about it beforehand and speak on it could help to prevent somebody from going down that path and getting caught up in that character enough to where they lose their life to be honest with you. Yeah, definitely. So when you, okay. When do you think, in 2022 the projects that are gonna be coming out because I know you ain't gonna just do one. Listen man, you gotta keep it coming.  We got to have it baby. I mean, I'm trying to get my next fix. You know what I'm talking about? How often do you intend to release a new project? A new project, I don't know. I'm like, release one next week and I'll tell, I got music like built up.  But it just all depends on how I feel. I think I got some singles I'm gonna release in between here and there. They didn't fit the project of immunity that I really wanted to put on immunity but they just didn't go with it. So I'm gonna get them out. I got a couple of club songs that I wanna put out or probably put them out as singles. Man, a lot of these projects are done. Like there's narcos too. I'm almost finished man. I think it's just the feature part of it I gotta do. You know what I'm saying? But the songs are done. As an artist, I always wanted to know this answer to this question because you always hear artists say, oh, I have a catalog of songs that I've done just sitting down. Okay, what is it doing you good? Just sitting down. Why not put them out? Why not do videos to them? Why hold on to some things that you've written for years ago? Why? Right, I understand. It just, it ain't that I'm holding on to it. It's just that right now I'm not the time for it. So I'm putting out music. It's just not that music, you know what I mean? But that music, when it's time for that music, then we're gonna put out that music. But right now it ain't time for the booty shaking and the club, the ice, it ain't time for narcos to get. And sometime that time might take years. I'm gonna be honest with you, some just hit me. And I have visions, you know? Some old men dream, young men, old men see visions and young men dream dreams. I just had a vision, you know? They've been doing a little mic check thing when they hang the mic out the roof. The mic drop thing. Mic drop thing? I ain't peaking it, but yeah. Man, they doing it everywhere. That's what they do now. They hang the mic out the roof.  Just hanging in front of it and they wrap to it. This is what they do. Out in the open, outside or something. Yeah, yeah, and this is what they're doing. And I think, I said, man, I sure would like to get you to come through and do that boss talk for me one time in the studio in Dallas. I can't wait to come out and do that. Hey, I get to mic and everything, but we drop that thing down right there and let you do it. Cause that boss talk, man, listen, man. You know, I got my other version with the one I prayed.  When I play, I play the one. I think I'm gangsta. They get put me in a place mentally. Yeah, I don't think nobody actually heard that fool song with a couple people and the people I like and they come to it, but that's their favorite. So I'm like, it's also, like, I, nigga, that's my, you know, that's my, I mean, that's my pick, nigga, cause of the show. But I mean, but manipulation is right there with it though. But cocaine, bro, everything is a bad song, bro. On your last one, look, man, you something else, bro.  I enjoy what you're doing, man. You make my day, bro. Like the music, like I hadn't given up. You know what I'm saying? I had given up, bro. Like I didn't think nobody else was gonna be doing no music that I would even be able to. I ain't really just, I don't just jump on everything. And when I, the first song with you and little Boosie, when I, when I, when I heard that song and seen that it was so real.  And for father's day, was it father's day? Oh, we just, we just came up there. It was before father's day, cause I put it out on father's day. You remember? After you left. Yeah, I remember. I told you about it when you was there. I said, the first day when I heard that song, I went up to the store and brought my sons. And we sat around, cause of you. And I was like, man, let's just go talk, you know? Now, and I shouted you out, but I don't think I put that part out. I just cut that part and then put it out for father's day, for father's to see, man. Brothers do take care of their kids, you know? Definitely, man. Definitely do that. Yeah. And I appreciate you again for that, man. Like that's inspiration. That's something that sticks. That's something that somebody else can see. They may see your video. When I show people that video, the first thing a father gonna do, he gonna hit him somewhere. If you, if you, I think Boosie did his thing on it. You know, it's something I wanted, really, I wanted to express to me and with kids, man. I want them to know, to sit down and talk with them, man. Give them that advice, man. Let them give them that game. Don't feel shy to give your son that game, man.  Like talk to them, tell them what's up, man. Like really do that. Cause I do see some fathers that will sit there and ignore, you know what I mean? The game that they got, they said, wanna even give it to the son. Like, you know what I mean? Pass that on and, you know, let them avoid them situations you went through. Wow. Man, like I said, that's just a real connection you made with me for sure. But for a lot of brothers seeing that, you can't deny they had to feel it. You know what I mean? Just the brushing of the hair or getting the hair cut, I do that. Yeah. You know what I'm saying? I do that though. For real, for real. You know what I'm saying? Yes, sir. Right. So again, in 2022, man, I know, hey man, I'm gonna be looking for the music. I'm over here cracked out. I'm fiending them. You know what I'm saying? Don't come out with something too much. I'm on the phone saying, man, where is that, man? You know, cause do you think it's, cause Gary Vaynerchuk, shout out to Gary Vaynerchuk. He, it was a time when he said it's always content over create, meaning put something out. I remember him telling Nipsey Hussle, like, it's gonna be somebody to come out with a song that they play. I mean, make a song every week or every, you know, and just drop it on IG or drop it. Just keep dropping it. Do you think that process would work to make, get them recognition if they were good at what they do? Like I said, it's gotta be good. You know what I mean? For people to buy into it, you can't sit down and just keep posting, posting BS and you know what I mean? I mean, that ain't gonna do it. It got to have some s's. It got to have some s's. It's gotta be something somebody into, you know, okay, how much money you spend on promotion and marketing and all that. It ain't it, it ain't it. If it ain't it, it ain't it, man. Shout out to everybody who are watching, man. Y'all need to like and subscribe to our channel. You know, we always pushing the promo. We got a sponsor too. We, this is our first sponsor that we got. Y'all about to see it. The move is about to be made. We for to start dealing with the sponsorship. We for to start pushing harder than what we ever pushed. 2022, y'all know what it is, man. We for to get y'all, we choking 2022. We grabbing it by the neck. What you think about it, Mr. Maker? For sure. So you feel like we can take it to the next level? Of course. You know, we got to push, man. I'm trying to get a million subscribers. We got it. Okay. I'm on the way. Hey, we pushing. Hey, man, it got to be organic. Everything got to be fresh. We trying to kill. Hey, kill the game, man.  Yeah, definitely. When is that, when you gonna work on that? Oh, man, it's probably, you might look for that this year, man. Yeah. It's something I've been into making with. I'm real picky with my artists. I know, I know. You know what I mean? But you, but what you're doing and the work that you're doing, it's like you got to bring somebody along so you can process it and, you know, you'll be a blessing. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, definitely. Would you, would it be a female or a male? I ain't biased.  It ain't gonna be no male, female. It might be a child. Wow. Yeah. Ain't no telling. It might be a country artist or a rock star. Ain't no telling what it might be. You know what I mean? I ain't biased. I ain't just into hip hop. I ain't just into, you know what I mean? One culture or none of that. So that ain't no issue with me. And I want to go back to something that you talked about earlier, just a little bit ago about the, all the rappers and the hidden agenda that the devil has to destroy everything that has to do with these artists. Do you, when you look at these, the way that these guys collectively having these issues, as far as what they say in the music, do you think they have a lot to do with it? I definitely do. Definitely think the mouth is powerful. You gotta watch what you put into the atmosphere, the energy you put out there. It comes back. I definitely believe that, definitely do.    The truth about it as well. Man, there's facts to it, you know what I mean? I ain't just, you know what I'm saying?  It sticks with you. I want you to know that it's real, you know what I mean? You know, I think pop got caught up in that.  And, you know, I see death around the corner. That's something I never do. Oh, you remember them tracks was coming like that? You never hear me make music about death, never. Yeah, yeah, because it's serious, man. And then I always think about that song Biggie did when he said, I'm going, going back, back to Kelly. You never hear me name I haven't read it or died. Yeah, see what I'm saying? It'll never be, never. That was different. I think they were blind to it then. I don't think they knew the power that they had in their words. And tell me, yeah, there's power in your tongue. That was very, very, and it was, it was, it was dark and entertaining. It was. I'm serious. People didn't really look at it, but it was dark and entertaining.  You could feel the, the fact that it was going to happen. And then when it happened, you almost was like, man, he said it was going to happen. He was prophetic in it happening. And I think you're right. Words is, words is something else. You know, they say sticks and stones may break my bones, but words can never hurt me. And I think that's the biggest lie.  That's a big lie. Words hurt, man. You don't want to say, when you get in the argument, somebody out you, man, that thing don't feel too good. You know what I'm saying? Now I'm going to be immune. Like exactly. I'm immune to them words. Right, right. I'm in joy. Hey, I'm enjoying this man. So this was a mixtape. Man, it was an album or mixtape? It was a mixtape turned into an album, man. Yeah, I'm like, man, you know, the whole thing was me to just do the mixtape and then the way big it got on it and hosted it, you know what I'm saying? That just made it a project. Now I mean, so it was like, all right, we're going around with it on both, on both platforms. Put it out on all screening platforms, title, YouTube, Amazon, and then do the mixtape platforms with it as well with the version up on big on both. Because he did his thing, you know what I'm saying? He can't can't put it out without him. Can't I can't even put it out on iTunes without big. Like it's that solidified the way he did and blended it together. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So he got to get this credit. I think you made the right decision, man. I mean, he's a great guy. So at the end of the day, you know what I mean? When you start putting things like this, it's a chemistry, man. And you can't do nothing. But it's only up from here when you start doing it right.   And it's very obvious, man. That's when I seen you down there. V live in Dallas, where you was doing, man. And all, you know, all these different promos, you know, the promos you do, I can't wait to see the promo behind this. I ain't going to lie to you. I get excited because you doing your thing. You know what I'm saying? We're putting this one together. Yeah, this is really going to be a different type of promo. But I think it's going to be hard. Yeah, you you can't. You when you came to Iowa, you thank you so much for coming through blessing our platform, the way you did.  And we just you don't see that every day.  Some of them platinum artists that I guess I don't know, they feel like they don't have to deal with it no more. But this internet have made it to where I think everybody should be moving like that. Right, right. I'm being real unified. Yes, the way you have your team.  It's your way heavy on you. You see what I'm saying? Because what happens is you have opportunity to do that when you come to do that interview at my place, of course. The behind the scenes, the things that that you do, the whole movement of where you went. Everywhere you went, I knew after you left because you have visuals behind it. And I think that's so important, bro. Definitely, definitely got to get the visual to look at, man. People don't just hear about it. They want to see it. But you get that. But I'm telling you, a lot of people don't get that. Right. Are they willing to do it, bro? Yeah, you got to put in the work. You got to put in the work the way around that, man. Ain't no way around that. Say it, man, again, I can get a hold of you, man, if they're trying to lock in with you. Again, I'm PGF Shout on all streaming platforms, man. Put that first always on social. I mean, Twitter, Snapchat, IG, PGF Shout. And the project, can they get it on Apple? Man, it's out right now. Immunity, man. Hosted by my boy, Bigger Rankin' on all streaming platforms. You can go to YouTube, you can go to iTunes, you can go to the title, Shazam, Amazon, man, Google, it don't matter where. Everywhere. Man, you're going to find it, man. Man, hey, man. Say, man, every time I get excited about these interviews, bro, like I said, it's only a few that I take dear to heart, man. You my brother, if you need me, I'm here. If you go to DC, nigga, I'll fly up there.  I'll come to you. I told you, didn't I tell you? I said, wherever that nigga go, you book my ticket because I'm going to support him. Because you've been too good to us, man. Man, we here, man. And I don't play about you. I'm telling you, man. Period. Period.  I promise you, man. So thank you, man, for the interview, man. Thank you, man. Yes, sir. Mr. Maker. Mr. Maker, something else, ain't she? She said, they're quiet. She really want to get real deep in your business. I ain't holding back, man. Hey, man. Thank you so much, man. This been another great segment of Boss Talk 101. Here we are.


Y'all I am so excited. I cannot wait to tell you guys about what I've been working on for you all.  I'm going to tell you about it right now.  It's the Donna. Welcome back to my channel. So you guys, I am really excited to share this with you. I've been working on this platform for quite literally the past three years, but I've officially kind of ramped it into high gear ever since graduating from PA school. And the platform that I'm talking about is called Get That See University. It's going to be for pre-PA students to help you get into PA school and for PA students to help you get through PA school.  So Get That See University is a platform that is completely different than anything that you've ever seen before, okay? I know that you've seen people that have done platforms for pre-PA students and PA students, but this platform is like nothing you've seen before. It is going to be so fresh, so dope, and you're not going to want to miss out on this.  When you're on YouTube, you type in questions like, what is the PA? How much does the PA make? Because you're curious about the profession. But once you've had all of that information from YouTube channels like mine and others, and you're really serious about the profession, then Get That See University is the place to be. If you're serious, I want you to go to GetThatSeeUniversity.com and leave us your email address so that you can know and be the first to know when the website launches. We're going to be launching this fall and I'm really excited about it because we have some really amazing people that have decided to partner with us on this platform and I can't tell you guys everything, but I will be giving you guys information leading up to the launch as we continue on this channel. Now this channel is not going anywhere, okay you guys? By no means am I stopping my YouTube channel because I'm still going to want to make content for you guys that are curious. That's why I wanted to start this YouTube channel in the first place. I want you guys to go to our Instagram at Get That See University. Be the first to follow us. I also want you to go to GetThatSeeUniversity.com and leave us your email address. That way you can be the first to know when the website officially launches. Thank you guys so much for watching. I will talk to you guys next time. Bye!


Did you watch Google I O last week and one of the projects they're working on right now a starline it gave us this Peak preview of the future of video conference calls So in a few years, we will be able to meet like this like some kind of 3d holograms The feeling will be just like if we were in the same room Of course no touching and we can't smell each other, but that's about it. I mean How will this change our needs and behaviors if I'm here in Stockholm, and you are in Oslo or Istanbul, but we have the freedom to connect like this to traveling time and space in a way that no airplane or automobile can offer What does that mean to the whole concept of traveling? And what about Impossible meetings, I mean you can record information so you would probably be able to record a meeting like this, which means You should be able to play it again to relive it Which means we will be able to experience old meetings and conversations or meetings with old even dead people I Mean how hard would it be for an AI to to study me for a while to learn my thinking patterns and expressions And then just like that touch of a button just to bring me or anyone back to life So then you can have a one-on-one Exclusive meeting with Marilyn Monroe or Adolf Hitler. How about that chat? But what you're watching Netflix. You don't have better things to do This is one of the new things I'm writing about in my new book You can find out more about it and even pre-order it now link below I'll see in the future or maybe you will see me Even if I'm not even aware of


7 from 31 years in the VA and NIH research systems. So this is my first 30 years. And it is a couple of ophthalmology gems. We're going to talk about the abnormalities associated with albinism, any form of albinism, any mammal, absolutes that occur at the optic chiasm if you don't have normal retinal pigment in the first trimester of development.  Even in the most primitive nervous systems, there's usually both ipsolateral and contralateral projections. This is the part of the nervous system of a fruit fly. They have a lateral-like system with integration of the two sides of the nervous system. So throughout from the earliest creatures, the grisaucula that preceded mammals by a couple of hundred million years, you have an attempt for organization in both sides. Most vertebrates have some retinal fibers that do not cross at the, I mean fish, snakes, amphibians. Most, but there's no absolutes and there's no absolutes even between closely related species, like just different kinds of toads. Some have and some don't. And in fact some, some stay ipsolateral, but then after they get past the chiasmic area, they go back over to the contralateral. So there's just, there's all possibilities. Most fish have some, but the most common genetic model in fish, the zebra fish, don't have any. I just want to express what the variation is. Snakes have more than fish. And in some, we all, we're used to the optic chiasm is that they come back a couple of inches behind the eye and they all interdigitate at the optic chiasm and sort out some cross, some don't cross. Well, in many fish, it's like this. There's no interdigitation.  They don't interact at all. Weird. And in the lower than mammals, most ipsolateral fibers only project your primitive areas, the hypothalamus, the primitive portions of the dorsal, of the lateral geniculate, not the dorsal lateral geniculate. And to protect them areas that control eye movement and coordination of eye movement with all of the brainstem connections. They don't have them because of lacking neocortex. They don't have the projections onto the cortical surface. The visual system, as we think of it, is only primates, where the phobia, fibers temporal to the phobia don't cross, fibers nasal to the phobia do cross. That's only in primates. In the lower vertebrates, the low mammals, it's sort of random. They come from all over the retina and they just are in the nerve, just like a random variation. There's no segregation of crossed and uncrossed fibers. Just think of, in fact, I'll show you a slide in the next couple of minutes of even a cat chiasm. It's that way. In higher primates or boreal primates in humans, there's a bundle that stays lateral for the ipsilateral fibers that stay on the same side of the brain and a bundle that cross at the optic chiasm. It's just like this, two separate bundles, completely segregated. No interdigitating. Whereas in the lower vertebrates, the snakes, the amphibians, the reptiles and that, they're just, they come from all over the retina evenly and then in the optic nerve, they're just evenly spaced. There's not an organization. Here's our primate visual system. In no animal do they, is there 50-50? Humans and some of the arboreal primates, tritolium primates, they really depend on good stereo vision because you only get to miss a limb once if you're 100 feet above the ground. Do we have close to 50-50? So it's about 45%, 55% that 45% don't cross and 55% do cross. In the rodent and rabbits, the proportion is only 5% or 10% don't cross. If you think of placement of eyes on the head, visualizing animal placement of eyes on the head, you can guesstimate the number of ipsilateral fibers because it increases as temporal retina increases. The fewest I've ever examined are guinea pigs. Think about guinea pig. Their eyes are more on the side of the head than amphibians and snakes and other than some fish. Well, they have one or two percent. That's it. That's all their temporal retina. And then if you think, just think of dogs, horses, they're about 20-25%. Cats are about 30-35% and then you get up into the 40% when you get into primates. I talked about the organization and disorganization within the optic chiasm. In the primate visual system, you have this orderly bundle of uncross fibers like so. Whereas in the rodents, rabbits, and the lower mammals, they're sort of haphazard. They come to the chiasm and then they bounce away from it. And that's how the organization is if you look at the embryo in the embryonic development. If one reviews the literature and they were looking for it, which nobody did until 50 years ago, if you look in the literature, there have been psychological studies since the 20s where they took rats and evaluated could a rat with only ipsilateral pathways, was that enough information to make pattern judgments. And a study by a guy named Carl Lashley in the 20s said, yes. And then three studies in the 30s said, no. And then some other studies in the late 50s said, yes they can, yes they can. And then this was picked up in 1965 that, oh, what's the difference? Those using pigmented models said, yes they can. Those using albino models said, no they can't. It was not a thought to anyone that there could be a visual system organization difference between closely related species, sometimes litter mates. Guy named Charles Sheridan did a split brain study for his thesis that was about 1965, which he compared. He sectioned the brains all except for the optic chiasm between the two hemispheres and compared learning of, learning with one eye and then transferring to the other. And he found that the learning didn't transfer in the albino rats. And he hypothesized based on that behavioral study that, this quote was something like, perhaps the paucity of uncrossed fibers is either even further exaggerated in the albino. That same year within a few months a guy at University College London named Lund, L-U-N-D, who by the way was here for a decade or more later in his career. He published the first paper of gene repair and mouse models were for RP back years and years ago. Lund saw Sheridan's paper. He sliced up the dorsal lateral geniculate chiasms of albino and pigment and rats and said there are no uncrossed, organized uncrossed optic fibers and albinos, but there are in pigment and rats. Unlike primates and even cats, by cats I mean cats and general tigers, not just house cats. Unlike our lateral geniculates, which are strict laminations, have most of you seen, ever seen geniculates, dorsal outer geniculate where you have a layer across and then layer of uncrossed, a layer across. So it looks like, I'll show you one, it looks like this. And down through each layer is a point in the world perfectly organized so that if you're looking straight ahead and there's a little flashing LED right here, it stimulates fibers right down a column right through all those layers. And then that is goes on to the visual cortex and feeds to binocular cells and that's the concept of stereo vision. It's an anatomical wiring that gives you this point in space is maintained through a column in the geniculates and then on to binocular cells at the cortex. If you don't have that, you don't have binocular stereo vision. In the rat geniculate, because there are about 90% crossed and 10% uncrossed, there are not these laminations or layers. There's a great big wad of crossed with a pocket of uncrossed, here's the pocket of uncrossed. So these are different layers, whereas in the albino, whatever uncrossed fibers they have are fragmented up into pieces and there's no pocket on the other side. The animal that was studied the most for the effects of this, the highest animal available in numbers closest to the primate visual system is the Siamese cat. Siamese cat is an albino. It's a special kind of albinism that allows pigment on the cold parts of the body. The picture of Siamese cat, picture where they're pigmented. When they're born, they're as white as a white mouse. And about the time their eyes open, about two weeks later, the peripheral portions start to form pigment, because they've been out of the warm womb for a while. You could take a five-year-old adult Siamese cat, and if you put it in a cage that was real warm, when his new hair grew back in, you could turn him all white again. If you simulated warm temperature, and you get the same homologous gene in Himalayan rabbits, Himalayan rabbits, black ears, feet, tail, Himalayan mice, Himalayan rats, that Himalayan gene is this temperature effect. So it needs coldness to work. But inside of its eye, it's as albino as a white rat. Therefore, its visual system is as albino as a white rat. Here's a picture I took from a Scientific American Review article by a guy named Ray Guillory, who's lab did the most anatomy in the Siamese cat back almost 50 years ago. The reason many have crossed eyes is they don't have normal wiring to their brainstem nuclei, because of the lack of uncrossed optic fibers. And so they have poor eye muscle control, and most have strabismus, either iso or exotropia, mostly iso, because they're miswired. So a lot of the things in albinism research have had applications to learning more about what eye movement, control of eye movement. Albinos also have reverse nystagmus when they look at a rotating drum. It isn't the same as ours. It goes the opposite direction because of their brainstem being miswired at the inferior superior colliculus and pre-tech collider. Okay, this is just two of the laminations. These are from Ray Guillory's 1974 review article on Scientific American. This is just two of the laminations, and this is the point-to-point representation I was talking about the outside world. So if you take points in the outside world in the normally pigmented primate or cap, they line up so that point 13 is the column there, and then this extends through several more layers. And then onto the cortex, those same cells land at the same spot. And if you have this integration from both eyes, that's the underlying anatomical basis of stereovision. The reason that you can tell in the fly test that they chained to jump off the page.  You see how the wings come off the page, and he looked at it for a few seconds, and he turned, and he looked over the shoulder at me like this, and he said, it's a flat picture. Because they also, human albinos don't have the underlying basis for binocular stereovision, so they don't see the fly wings coming off. What do we get in an albino? A Siamese cat? Because there are too many cross fibers and much fewer uncross fibers, it completely destroys the organization of the geniculate nuclei. Those excessive cross fibers have to go somewhere. Whatever they go, they go into the wrong layers. And so when they go into the wrong layers, they screw up the representation of the outside world, so you do not get the same point in the outside world lined up in the geniculate or projected on to the cortex. So you have few, if any, binocular cells at the cortical level. This is the phenomenon throughout mammals. It's just a much more primitive system in the rodent and rabbit than it is in cats and humans. My contribution was I mapped the cortex. This is the mapping I did 50 years ago of Siamese cats. So these are the crossed evoked potentials. There are almost no uncrossed evoked potentials. The cat and all but primate visual systems are not in the occipital pole. They're on top of the head. Why? Because they don't have prefrontal cortex. The reason ours are in a sacral pole is when you have prefrontal cortex, what happens to the visual projectionary on the top of the brain? It has to go somewhere. So with the development of the frontal lobes pushed it back. So in rodents, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats even, it's on top of the head. And then humans it moves back to the occipital pole. One of the points of the study I did with Siamese cats, I compared, my dissertation was mapping the crossed and uncross optic systems of rats, guinea pigs, cats, and rhesus monkeys, and recording scalp evoked potentials from humans. Comparing all five species and crossed and uncross. The previous picture shows, you've got this big difference. The question is, can you tell it at the scalp level? So before I took the skull off and did the mapping, I did a single electrode comparing pigment and cats to Siamese cats. And yes, you could tell the difference. Even a gross level from just one spot in the middle of the visual cortex. So this is the underlying basis of being able to detect this in humans using scalp evoked potentials. Okay. Before you guys were born, a decade or more before any of you were born, it was unacceptable for humans to be considered like the rest of animals. We're just different. Our gene, everything about us is different. We're not like animals. When I submitted the first human paper in 1973 showing four genetic kinds of albinos, the paper was rejected by all reviewers. And one said, close to a quote, I applaud Dr. Creel for his youthful enthusiasm. But what he needs to do is read Dwayne's anatomy of the visual system. That was the response. Humans were not like Siamese cats. Humans are different. Fortunately, the editor overrode all the reviewers and published it anyway. But that was the attitude just over 40 years ago. And now they're putting human genes in mouth models. This is a litter of albino cats, not Siamese, on my ex-wife's lap back about 1980. A woman named Sally Springer had a barn cat outside of Sheridan, Wyoming that would have a litter every six months of unknown parentage. And it wouldn't allow a person within 50 feet of it and would produce these litter of cats. And after having these for several years, the cat had a litter that had three albinos in it. And the cat brought them one at a time by the nap of the neck to the porch. The cat that wouldn't let people within 50 feet of it, it went to the barn, brought one albino, went to the barn, brought another albino, brought to the barn and got another albino and sent them. And she knew enough about cats to know that foremost geneticist in the world for cat genetics was a guy named Roy Robinson in London, which is another half-hour story. He was like Charles Darwin. I visited him in his house. His house was whole. The doors were just my size. The place was built in like 1450 or something like that. Roy Robinson made his living running a plant nursery. No academic affiliation. He wrote the book on the genetics of the Norway rat that's aside the web search dictionary. And he wrote the books on the genetics of cats. And she wrote Roy Robinson and said, I have albino cats. Are you interested? And he wrote back to her and said, I met him later after this, that no but called on Creel. One day my phone rang and I was told this story. And we went to Sheridan, Wyoming, and at first just got one and then went back another time when she called because she had a litter. And this is, we brought this litter back and so for about 20 years I had a colony of true albino cats that I, I crossed them with normals and then back crossed to keep them genetically strong. And one of them, that's, he ended up on the cover of science. I believe it's this guy. But I don't remember for sure. This guy when he grew up, his name was Willie. And I loved it because after this was published, after this was published I got these hate letters that were forwarded me from science because where is that cat now? Did you torture that cat? Is that cat cut up and on slides now? And Willie was sent to Toledo, Ohio to be the breed stud for a colony. And so I said, Willie's living in Ohio. And I took this photo, I had him on a stool with a black, with a red black cloth background set up in those days with a slide camera. And you had a, had a bulb thing where I could take a picture and I would rattle keys and take pictures, took pictures. I took 240 shots. The other 239 looked like this. And then one was, this was of the one. This is a fondness of one of the albino cats. Okay, this is the optic chiasm of one of Willie's close relatives. The lighted area are the crossed fibers. This sort of equals smattering that I talked about are the uncrossed fibers. The really primitive projections up into the super chiasmic nuclei towards the hypothalamus are unaffected. That's what those, that's what those are. They're really phylogenetically old projections. Just the quote new projections. Those projections are found back into chordates, earliest vertebrates in that the projection to coordinate with mostly it has to do with information for migration. To send visual information up into the hypothalamic nuclei that control the pituitary and the changing of hormones with the seasons. A question. I took the first year of medical school except they wouldn't let us in gross. But I took the rest of the first year of medical school as my minor. And one of the questions on the, on the neuroanatomy exam was describe all of the pathways that would cause a woman living in far north lab land to not have her menstrual cycle normal. What they wanted was all of the layers of the retina to the chiasm to the projections into the hypothalamic nuclei affecting the control of hormones. I think I was the only one that could have gotten that one right. So this shows the geniculate. I talked about the layers. These are the layers of a normal cat up on the upper right. This is an albino cat on the left. These are the uncross fibers in the albino cat. Here is the little tiny pocket of uncrossed in the cross geniculate.  So the probably 99% crossed in the albino cat. An interesting thing is as you ascend up through the visual system by the time you get to the cortex there seems to be a lot of auto correction as far as perception and everything. So you get 99% crossed with 40% of the lateral geniculate cells abnormal but when you get up to primary visual cortex C17 and 18 it's much less in number. So there's eye movement disorders I mentioned. Most albinos almost all have nystagmus but there are no absolutes. No absolutes at all. I've seen albinos. I saw a fellow here within the last couple of years that was 40 before he found out he was an albino. He had 20-25 vision. No observable nystagmus but he had his OCT showed a fovea as flat as a mouse. Greatly affected are the brainstem nuclei and it's so complicated there's about two people in the world that don't understand it. One of them is a guy I collaborated with back in the 70s. His name was Roland Gioli. He's retired now. He's a year or two older than me. He was at UC Irvine for years. He published the first paper after Lund showing the abnormality in rabbits back in the 60s. Rolando Gioli actually although he used Roland here but he's gone back to Rolando because he was born in Italy. This is a whole other topic if you get really interested in the different theories of the causes of dissociated vertical deviation and latent nystagmus which are quite different in albinos. These are some of the features of albinism. You have foveal hypoplasia and almost all. In fact it's just about an absolute. Vascular intrusion into the foveal avascular area. So they don't have the sparing, they don't have the reading around the fovea like pigmented people do. You have the reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity generally but there are some as good as 20, 25 to 20, 30 vision with no foveas. High refractive errors and nystagmus and high incidence of strabismus, translucency, reduced number of total of ganglion cells not just reduced number of uncross, reduced number of photoreceptors, misrouted optic projections. The most common feature among all forms of albinism in humans are the misrouted optic projections. So the albino is a model for all of these various conditions and albinism occurs in all organisms from fruit flies to humans. This is a really big allocator. There's a private zoo outside of Phoenix. It's quite interesting that it's got you know as many animals almost as say the Hogle Zoo does and this great big thing is like almost as long as these two tables. Really big. I took that myself. You see albinism in everything. Plants not just limited also to animals that we think of animals but also plants. Melanin is I think of it as I can't think of an older system in the last billion years and melanin than melanin pigment. Not just in the visual system but in general in pigmentation. Okay there are different types of occultaneous and ocular albinism. You only need the ocular to be affected. There's a couple. This is their wedding photo. There's a support organization called NOAA. The acronym NOAA which stands for National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. They have a quarterly magazine and this is one of the covers of their magazine. These two be interested if this is just occurred a year or two ago and I have no idea if they've had any children. It would be interesting if they're the same gene. If they're not as pigmented as us. Because there's a lot of different genes and a lot of different loci. But they met through this organization as teenagers and lived in different parts of the country. And then they just had a long distance quote relationship and then they got married in the middle of college a couple of years ago. Talking about the different genes. These are just characteristic of two of the main types of genes in African Americans. The time they have no pigment at all used to be called tyrosinase negative albinism. Now it's called type 1 and type 2 used to be called tyrosinase positive that could form some kinds of pigment. If these two different types marry type 1 and type 2. They're not only on different loci. They're on different chromosomes. Type 1 is on 11. Type 2 is on 15. There's no interaction at all. They miss completely. All of their children are normally pigmented. This particular family. I didn't know them. It occurred before I got into it in the 50s as photos from the 50s. The doctors took the father aside and were telling me they were sorry to have to tell him that he wasn't the father. And the father and the this man said to them says well it's obvious to me that she's one kind of albino and I'm another kind of albino. So he was he was half a decade ahead of the positions that were counseling. Now we know there are hundreds of loci. So type 1 alone over 100 mutations and that number is old. It's on 11, Q, 14 to 21. This is a guy you've seen him before. Do you remember? Dale. This is Dale. Dale's, I don't know if I'll get to it at the end or not. Dale's auditory brain stem responses which are also abnormal in albinos. They have differences in their auditory pathways also, ipsilateral issues. His auditories were published in Science. So this is the concept of humans and higher primates. This is us. At the fovea, the fibers temporal to the fovea are uncrossed, the fibers nasal to the fovea cross in a very organized fashion. In albinos up to approximately 15% into temporal retina also cross. The percentage varies hugely in humans and we don't know exactly because the closest we've gotten was functional MRIs. The guess is anywhere from like 70 to 90%, depending on individuals and their type of genetics. We know that the more pigment, the less the less are abnormal. So you get more uncrossed, the more pigmented, whether it's an animal model or in humans. This is our fovea. We're all familiar with our fovea. The reason I display it in color so you can clearly see the nerve fiber layer, how it stops a millimeter or so before the foveal pit. Again, normal fovea. This is fovea of a human albino. It's essentially the same as a rat. Here's again a normal fovea. Here is an OCT of an albino fovea of a patient seen here. The nerve fiber layer runs often right across the whole fovea. This is a mouse. This is a human. This is a mouse. This is a human. Here's a comparison of directly normal fovea albino fovea. These are four different individuals from here, seen here or through the years, in their fovea area. This is from an article by McAllister, who's at Minnesota, showing different individuals and different degrees of variation in foveas with the normal of the bottom two. Again, showing variation of four different genetic types, one, two, three, and four. So you normally have the central sparing of the vasculature around the fovea. This is an albino. The microcapillaries can run right directly through where the foveal area is with no sparing at all of the area for vasculature. Again, here's a direct comparison. Normal albino B. Normal albinos, three albinos. So here's again the primate visual system. If you record a little more lateral than 0102, they're called H3 and H4. And you record across the occipital pole while a person views a pattern stimulus in albinos because of nystagmus. You need to use pattern onset because pattern reversal just exacerbates their nystagmus. Dorsal lateral geniculate. Again, the reminder of the difference in the projection. So if you record across occipital scalp in one of us and change right eye, left eye, you will get usually a polarity that is not completely flat. But whatever it is, it will be quite similar whether you stimulate the right or the left eye. Because albinos, using a pattern onset, offset like this, because up to 90% or more cross, when you stimulate the right eye, all the potential goes to one side. And when you stimulate the other eye, all the potential goes to the other side. So the consequence is the polarity completely flips 180 degrees. Interpreting these is not advanced calculus. So throughout the first couple of hundred milliseconds, the signals reverse, reverse, reverse, reverse. This is Dale again. This is Dale showing multifocal evoked potentials crossed and uncrossed The big blue one is the cross system. The smaller red ones are the uncrossed system. And you can see that up to at least 15 degrees lateral, up to at least this far, you get reversal. It takes an albino with really pretty good acuity. Dale, he lost his driver's license in California because they had an accident and they blamed it on being an albino. But he could he could pass. He was 2040. He could pass and he had driver's license in Utah and rode a motorcycle and in California too. And then he had an accident and they took it away from him.  So it's hard, he couldn't convince him that he was really as good as most people. So here is an albino with 2030 vision. And there's the OCT. Amazing. I was amazing. In the literature though there is a paper by a retina specialist at Stanford named Michael Marmer, M-A-R-M-O-R, Michael Marmer and he found a bunch of normally pigmented people like us that have these kind of phobias. And we're 2025 and 2030. It's just amazing. So we talked about type 1, type 2. I said it's on 15. It's a different metabolic cause. You also get some association maybe from linkage with Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome and perhaps some Asperger syndrome that are on 15 in adjacent nuclei. If you select for Prader-Willi syndrome individuals that have a history of all their life being very lightly pigmented and often their parents said that as infants they had nystagmus. If you select for that group, the majority will show misrouding. It's probably a linkage. Patient coming up, no stereopsis, 2030, no nystagmus. This is their fundus. There's their phobia. There's her evoked potentials. In spite of 2030 acuity and no nystagmus. Through the years I've tested several that live completely normal lives because they were similar to her. They just thought they, you know, because they were panpanelism Scandinavia or something. They passed driver's license tests, never had a particular issue because they were 2030, 2040 vision. Type 3, as we go down they get rarer and rarer. This one's on chromosome 9, B323. These were first tests. I was on in Nigeria in about 1976, a long time ago. At the time we thought it was just something peculiar within the African population, but it's turned out to be universal worldwide. It's just really rare. In this African population they had this unusual reddish color, so we called we, I didn't name them. I was on an anti-study team and I examined 122 albinos from 88 families in Central Nigeria, Africa, among the EBO. And the other three were interested in the genetics and cancer and stuff like that. It's just, it's like a lalbinism, it's like a lethal disease in there because they will work as cane cutters and stuff with no shirts on. And so they die of skin cancer in 1922 and stuff like that. So the ones we saw, this is close to a correct color. They were this reddish color. But as I said, now we know it's worldwide, it's no longer called Rufus. It's called OCA3 and it's on chromosome 9. Type 4, different cause, different gene on chromosome 5 in humans. And the variation is tremendous. This is a Dutch kid. In 1980 I went to the Netherlands version of the National Eye Institute for most of the year to study albinos. Why?  They all go to different doctors. It would take you forever to come up with them. I went to Amsterdam after about a weekend I met with their geneticists and they said, would 100 be enough? Because being socialized medicine, they were on the computer. They know where they were and being a Germanic society they would just call them and say, be there. The doctor wants to see you next Monday at 9 o'clock. Be there and they come. Type 5 we're getting rare and rare as extended interbred Pakistani family. Type 6 extended Chinese family different loci on 15 than the ones normally seen among Europeans. Type 7 limited to the Pharaoh islands. Different chromosome 10. All of them have this reversal. How are we doing on time? 51? Well, let me get through here. So misrouted optic projections is the most reliable and measurable concomitant when you go across all forms. Let's see what I've got here. Talked about that. Many genetic factors. So, many studies were done in animal models back in the 70s that determined that different levels of ocular pigment were correlated with different levels of goodness of the visual system. These are some of them that I studied and that we looked at the dorsal and lateral geniculate nuclei of them. This is real. That's not a contact lens. This really exists. Those are my hands. It's another kind. I don't know if you can tell but the eyes sort of reddish. So, we only have to be ocular albinos. So, all of those X-linked ocular albinos, they all have the misrooting just like the full albinos. And I don't know if I have it. This is a fellow. This research was done before Randy Olson came here in 79. At that time I was at the VA as a career researcher and for humans I collaborated with Wilmer in Minnesota. So, I went to Wilmer in the neurology department. Let me use their computers. And I did the evoked potentials on ocular albinos. This is this guy I just showed you. Red reflex fundus This was a woman in the Netherlands. It was a carrier. She brought her sons in. These are the two sons and their fundus. You saw how different they were. One had been known that he was X-linked ocular albinos since birth in spite of being so dark. But since his brother was there we tested the brother too and the brother was also. But his expression was he just looked like us. He had no symptoms at all unless you looked in his eyes. Again how dark these guys are fundus fundus So back to the Wilmer study ended up with another science cover that showed that human ocular albinos only needed to be in ocular albinos. And this was his fundus photo. So any of the disorders that have lightness and the symptoms of albinism along with them like selected both selected in a Hermansky pudelock which is found on all of these chromosomes and there's going to be more because they found 17 in mice. So these are the ones published in human Hermansky pudelock syndrome.  This is Chidiak this is I believe is this the Chidiakagashi Chidiakagashi syndrome baby. They have the bleeding disorder susceptibility to any fever producing infections so they look like battered children because if they bump into anything they brew so easily. This is a Chidiakagashi syndrome child. To get these I went to Indiana they had a couple there and went to NIH to Anthony Fauci the famous HIV guy. He had a pair of brothers at NIH that I went there and tested. These are literate Chidiakagashi syndrome cats showing the hypopigmentation and because they were cats we got to slice up their geniculates and their geniculates are fragmented similar to that of the Siamese cat. Instead of having the even layers like B would be the even layers and then the fragmentation you see is in the Hermansky pudelock. So that's just your Prader-Willi syndrome I told you that. These select for the hypopigmented including redness red hair Angelman syndrome they're all on 15 and probably because of linkage that you occasionally see the albinism Aspergers they're really interesting at least a couple that I've seen the boy I'm thinking of let's see here's the VPs of a boy. He had no ocular symptoms at all he was a real hyper his mother had to tell him to shut up so that we could test him and he had the vocabulary of like an Oxford English major and he was like 12 years old they'll have the real high functioning and often really good vocabularies that was his fundus in spite of being no visual complaints and no observable nystagmus. VG syndrome very rare never seen in the United States but they have all sorts of issues and the oldest one to ever live lived to be about 7 and the one we examined lived to be about 4 Kale they're a-closal in addition to be a partial form of albinism this is the one we tested examined this is the fundus it was really tough to get an OCT to do it with a hand held and so the quality is not very good they can't walk this is the visual potentials showing the reversal in this particular one so these are the possible theories and I think they're all wrong I think it's atavism do you know atavism is things like a person being born with a tail it's the it's the expression of a long lost feature what I think is the absence of melon and pigment in the retina because melon is not there and it's so necessary for the formation of the retina if it's not there in the retinal pigment epithelium the genetic programming reverts back to the previous step in the development of the species that humans fall back to cats cats fall back to mice mice fall back to amphibians and fish I think it's atavism I think it's triggered by the lack of melon and pigment that's it sports fans but also they have the auditory issues too they have the issue of like stereo vision they have poor auditory localization also and they found that they have fewer binaural cells in the brainstem than normally pigmented rabbits and cats and it's all one big picture


Welcome back ladies and gentlemen. We're into the third section now Guys, if you have any questions, I'd like to start by opening the floor to you Just in case anybody has any questions about anything I covered in the last section Do you guys get where I'm coming from where I'm talking? I keep hammering this moral moral philosophy thing You guys get that right? It's only so that you have stronger boundaries and so that you have more resilience One of the things that concerns me with things going in a toxically passive way is there are certain personality traits that carry across culture and when We dial down for some of them and it's millions of people there are problems one of them is resilience like people's resilience has gotten shit Resilience is your capacity to deal with stress your capacity to thrive in adverse conditions and your mental toughness generally speaking is resilience a Toxically passive consumeristic Pleasure-seeking immediate gratification culture obviously one of the first things that is going to go down is going to be resilience People have asked me whether social media Generates narcissistic personality disorder and I would say probably not no But there is a constellation of traits that if you move up and down like a Mixing board on a sound mixer People are going to look and function as though they have narcissistic personality disorder low levels of resilience Low impulse control a lack of ability to enforce your will on the world or on yourself these are highly narcissistic and Psychopathic traits when it's affecting a whole culture of people and we move in a certain direction That's when it becomes dangerous. I hope I don't sound like a middle-aged Comudgian when I keep going on about boundaries and respect. I really hope I'm not turning into my grandfather It's that from my point of view boundaries protect us from each other on a daily basis being well-mannered Protects you from me and me from you. I might not be in a very good mood But manners and good boundaries let me know that just because I'm not feeling good doesn't mean I don't have respect for you I'm just in a low state right now. Does that make sense? That's why I keep coming back to these these things. I Don't consider myself a traditional conservative. However, sometimes when I'm talking I'm thinking I can't It's I don't like one a little bit accidentally and so If you guys there's there's no questions at the moment. Oh, yes, sir. Yes As one develops its own moral values and boundaries Most probably he or she will find him he more herself ostracized by the society he or she lives in as the society The test diversity in reality Especially in those in those moral aspects now ostracism is something we fear because it's a sort of abandonment especially of course with the work situation the Family and and we've seen so much pressures for people who are doing something different especially in values What's your opinion on how we create indeed these resilience and coping or rather this? Strengths of character to make sure that we can cope with this ostracism. Yeah, I mean When I'm teaching clients to develop their boundaries and we work on their personal values Usually what happens is their boundaries increase and their personal values are being enforced Their self-worth goes up When they're the self-worth of an individual has gone up there is usually turbulence within the tribal community because They were operating at one level and it's like an aeroplane. That's changed altitude You can't now operate at the same level and very unconsciously and very automatically friction and confrontation as the result If you are in a tribe with people who will ostracize you for displaying self-love and self-respect That's not a tribe you want to be in anyway, and those people who would ostracize you for simply being able to say no And not people you should be associating with I have a video It's like one of the most popular videos I ever released on YouTube I think I was like a million views now where I just said here's the simplest test for narcissistic personality disorder. It takes 15 seconds Smile at the person and tell them the word no That's it That's it if I go into a full-blown rage attack because you smiled at me and said no to an instruction Something is up and that's not a rational adult reaction to somebody simply saying yo, I don't want to do that right now Give me a lift do this for me. No No explanation required.  You just smile and say no their emotional response to that tells you everything you need We're talking specifically here to men And particularly with the theme of protecting yourself against potentially toxic relationships with women This is a good test early on and not every woman who responds badly to this has full-blown narcissistic personality disorder Well, borderline personality disorder.  They don't encourage maturation very rarely very very rarely That's why you can get people Who go into a relationship at a certain age and it's like they're in a time capsule and then they get divorced So they went in age 38 they divorce age 56 and there are certain ways when they come out of that relationship at age 56 They're still 38 years old there's parts of them that didn't grow that didn't develop because they were protected from the real world They're protected from pain pain and suffering suffering leads to realization Leads to development of maturation and you can avoid it in a relationship. So If you guys are looking at getting into a relationship with somebody you should set some boundaries early on and you should experiment to say No, just refuse. Don't fawn all the time and tell yourself. It's chivalry. Don't that's not chivalry really If you're always saying yes to every demand, that's just a fawning codependent response. That's neurotic Sometimes it's no sometimes it's I don't have time for you right now If you always have time for somebody even if it's not a sexual Sexually intimate relationship, they're gonna lose respect for you over time because they will you're communicating I have nothing else going on in my life that is more important than chatting to you for a couple of hours That's not good. Have somewhere to go have somewhere to be be busy be on a mission Who was the speaker today that said about being on a mission? Somebody did somebody said something like that. It may have been a J. Cortes said, you know You should you should have a purpose you should have a mission if you don't you're not attractive You're not attractive to me Yeah, I don't like, you know, I can feel guys who are rudderless and they're just like, hey, hi I'm like, okay If you're on a mission, I can at least respect the fact that you have a purpose in life that you have put a philosophy You developed a moral philosophy You didn't just leave it in your journal. You had the will and the intent to put it into action What was your question and did I answer it? Was a good answer good. I'm at that stage of sleeplessness and caffeine where I don't even know Yeah, sure So you said something that kind of just hit me earlier about fawning, right, which basically as you said simping right, so You see all these like Instagram models and the girls or whatever on on on the social media They just got all these simps, you know and as a as a guy in the dating world like there's zero simping on this I don't I don't be simping Yeah, but I can tell when I see how these women act on the internet and in real life that they're used to do simping So they get there's friction when I don't comply that behavior So my whole point my question is like is this simping really like for the dudes Is that something like dating gets something from childhood and that's why they're like trying to get this validation from women You know what I'm saying which then thus leads to this like kind of development of narcissistic behavior or What's the what's the origin of simping on the men side? You know I'm saying it could be it mean it could be childhood trauma, but you know There's an expression To a carpenter every problem is a nail and every solution is a hammer I wouldn't want to be that guy who applies like a steep-seated Psychological childhood trauma to everything that there is I just think we live in a simp society. It's a simp culture Women are the best thing in the world being young is the best thing in the world being beautiful is the best thing in the world Didn't always look like this Sometimes we had different cultural values wisdom was the greatest thing being a philosopher was the greatest thing being or even like in a Warrior culture being the number one gladiator would have been the best thing now its youth and Beauty and sex and instant gratification. I do sound like a middle-aged curmudgeon.  It's well worth watching He said of women when they're he called it the sickness. So when they have the sickness like this It's not their fault It's our fault.  You'd be talking to me. We're like, yeah Economics.   No, stop Why are you looking at it? Why are you looking?  It's an unfortunate thing because It keeps people sick.  I've seen situations Now available exclusively at 21 University The all-new CPTSC masterclass by Richard Granite This is the world's most advanced educational course on healing from complex trauma as a man Learn more at the link below or visit 21 University comm