My name is Mark Ito and I'm your host today for Community Matters. In 1968, there was a plan to make radio frequency for a non-commercial educational radio FM frequency right here at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. 50 years later, it became known as KTUH, an island-wide broadcasting station for alternative radio. And like we say here at KTUH, it's radio for the people and the only station that loves you. Today I'm here with the current general manager and program director here, Mi Wong and Bjorn Barnett. Mi, Bjorn, thank you for coming to the show. Mark, thank you so much for inviting me. Thank you. So KTUH, can you guys give like a general description of what KTUH is and kind of like a little brief history of what it is about? Absolutely, yeah. Well KTUH is our college radio station at UH Manoa. Mi, you want to talk a little bit about what we are? Yeah, we are a student-run radio station and we provide mostly music program. We play alternative rock, electronic music, Hawaiian music, just like non-mainstream music. And recently we launched our podcast talk show, we tried to provide something other than just provide music. Right and awesome. It's kind of like how it first started was kind of be more of like an educational kind of like discussional kind of topic. So going on that tip, you guys are talking about like the different types of music and whatnot and that's what kind of draws you to KTUH. So I kind of wanted to talk about like how you guys started off with like why you guys were just doing KTUHN. Eventually joined and became the GM and the program director there. I'm a music composition student at UH. Music is like the biggest passion for me. And I listened to KTUH and the first time I listened to the KTUH is Leon's show Friday in 1990 noon. I thought this is like something I would never hear elsewhere. It was amazing. So that was something that I feel like there's a group of people really play something very cool. The music very cool and the vibe is just really unique. So that's the first time I think, oh, I should be part of this group too. So that's how I started to contact KTUH and finally I'm really proud that I'm part of this group. My story's a little different. I'm a molecular biologist at the University of Hawaii. What drew me to KTUH was being involved in college radio previously. I was an AV specialist at my undergraduate college, Kittiesburg College. And I had originally contacted KTUH to do a technical job. And that's kind of what generated my original interest in radio. But the way I started at KTUH though was having a radio show. But the technical aspects is what sparked my initial interest actually. Right. So going to the second image we have here, we have the program on it at the moment. We have some of the staff members there just like starting in Hawaii Hall. And if we can kind of go to the next picture and it talks about the more technical aspects. Right here is the example of the frequency. Yeah, that looks like our current contour map for 90.1. And if we go to the next picture kind of tells about how it was previously to what it is as we know it is now. Got it, yeah. So I think we had like three different radio stations before, over at the island. What we had was one radio station. Right. And we had two translator facilities. Okay. Yeah. And at one point I believe they had more than that. Really? But yeah, but we had a translator facility for the windward side. Right. And there is a translator facility for the North Shore that we still have right now which is broadcasting on 91.1. So, and those aren't separate radio stations but they do like relay the primary radio station. And they take it and rebroadcast it on a different frequency. Right. So that you can boost it. Okay. So kind of going back on like how they used to be more like little radio stations. Which kind of start kind of had to fight their way to get to this like island broadcasting. Right. Yeah. Like I believe like they started off just like a little AM frequency. They can only hear like at the university campus. Actually, yeah, they were broadcasting just in the dorms on the AM carrier current. Yeah, before they started. It's kind of like, it's kind of amazing to see that like just so like small like thing as KTH involved to like being on the FM frequency and that can be heard. Island wide. And also online as well. Which is a super cool thing. I think for people that cannot catch it in Oahu but are like are on the neighboring islands or abroad. Yeah. Radio stations are very involved organization. And you can kind of tell that, you know, it's a very demanding organization to run as me and I have both learned in our current roles. And I think the combination of the enthusiasm from the DJs and the community and the ability to overcome these technical challenges has led to the growth of the radio station. Because what you're really talking about is growth, right? Right. Talking about the growth from being just in the dorms to just in Manoa to now on the top of panelists broadcasting Island wide. This is this is growth on the FM frequency. Right. Yeah. And that interest from the community and the interest from the students was really has ultimately led to the sustained ability to keep KTH open and the growth of it. All right. That's awesome. Yeah. I think it's awesome. It's like something that's not really in existence anymore, which is college radio that is run by students for not only the community, only greater good of the university campus, but also expands outside the community. The UH community, which is, I think it's like an amazing thing because, like I said, there's not like a lot of like college radio stations like that anymore in the nation. Or we do this type of programming, right? We do that KTH. So for those of you that don't really know what KTH programming is, how does it work? Like is there like a show every like one hour, like like an hour show or like is it like three, four hours? How do shifts kind of work? Yeah, we recently have every three hours, we have a new show and we run 24 seven. This is our current programming. But we have a lot of new DJs and community members. They would like to have their own show too. So this coming forward, thinking of maybe we can have more shows to more DJs. So currently we have three hours. We have new shows, but this fall we are thinking of maybe we can be more flexible to allow our DJs to host a shorter show or longer show one hour to our show. So would that be kind of like, like would that kind of for example be like one hour talk show followed by maybe like a two hour music show for example, right? Okay, that's super awesome. Has any other college radio station in the nation kind of a similar programming like that? Or is like, as I know you guys visited other colleges recently, like outside of the Koi. So you guys kind of elaborate how that experience was like. I would say yes, most of them actually are most most college radio stations are pretty flexible with the programming. They they're pretty flexible with the structure of their program. That's how I would phrase that. I think our goal to me and my goal for the programming is to is to is to is to give the DJs as many options as possible to create the show they want. Okay. So what we're trying to do is is give people the option to have shorter shows or longer shows, give them the option to have online only shows. We just want, we want, you know, we want the show to fit the person, not the person to fit the show. Okay. You know, so that they can bring their ideas to KTH. We're just talking about like having people having their shows online. Would that be through the website to a website or like a SoundCloud mix up? How would that kind of go about? Yeah, that's a great question. Before we're talking about the growth of our FM frequency, right? Right. Well, one of the next areas that I think we want, we're hoping KTH can grow is online. And so we actually want to promote DJs to be able to publish shows in all of those areas that you just mix cloud, SoundCloud, podcasting. Right. Our podcast is on many different platforms. On TuneIn, Spotify, Google Play, iTunes, of course. Yeah. A lot of different. Stitcher, right? Right. So there's, yeah. So we try to publish one feed on many different platforms. Yeah. That sounds awesome. So kind of like we were saying. So 1969, KTH's first broadcaster then right now the year is 2019 and it's 50 years and they're making right here. If we can go to the image that we have next, I believe it's our library vault of like 50 years worth of music and like throughout the ages. But not so. I mean, I know you talked about like music was the kind of like the reason why you gravitated towards KTH. And like are amazed by like the variety, especially with Leon or Mr. Modular as he's known on the radio station. So like before knowing that they had a vinyl vault like this, what kind of thoughts about the music? I was totally amazed because right now students right now all the people mostly just listen to music from their phone. Nobody really people buy CDs, minos anymore. But we still use the traditional way to to broadcast music. Most of our DJs bring in their own collection of CDs or minos. They use our CD collection or vinyl collections. That's very unique. And that's that's something special about radio radio industry. We use the physical CD or vinyl. You can hear the like a scratch sound sometimes and you can hear the transition. Sometimes it's not perfect like a comparative Spotify, but that's something human about it. It's something something passion. You can hear the DJs passion when they really look for just one track of a song from like a 10 truck CDs. And they have to look for one truck from like 1000 CD from our CD library. I kind of like the way you elaborated on the fact that like it's the human aspect of it. Like the connection of like of the music not being so perfect. And it's just kind of like, like you say you can kind of hear the scratching from the vinyl or the CDs and kind of like. It's kind of like that human element. It's not like automation kind of stuff where people like we're in commercial like a lot of commercial radio just like kind of all automated and very done, very structured and like with other kind of stuff. So the next picture kind of want to bring up is the library exhibit that we just had this past couple months of months and just kind of like help celebrate. So these are some of the images that I'm showcased what we had from like old like vintage like a two inch memorabilia from like DJ like music logs to like old pictures of the staff members working at the station with the equipment. And just go through the next picture as well has like our equipment that they used to use like years ago. That's not and like you kind of give the idea of like what it is to be like a radio disjockey. Yeah, so if we stick on this image you see some really interesting stuff here on the left right is a car tape player. That is a stack of three right it can hold three tapes and those are these large analog tapes that they used to record short productions on. Right. And so the DJ in the booth who was running a show would line up three tapes to play like during their breaks. Right. Right. Yeah. So then it kind of like going succession like they play one tape. And then once that tape ends they play the next tape and they just kind of keep shuffling putting new like new programming tape. Yeah. Yeah. That's an analog version of something that we do today. Right. Yeah. So there's also if we went back to that picture also had like some of like an old downboard and like the old microphone. And we also had a list and like on the right of the soundboard with us as an amplifier. Is that correct? Yeah. So that's an old air board from our station that has a large power supply next to it. Yeah. And then in the background as well you can also see the current part of the current program when we have right now a KTOH and some pictures of our DJs and what not. So right now we got to take a one minute break really quick just to catch our breath and we collect ourselves. We'll be back right after this. Hey hello everyone and welcome to the Think Tech Hawaii studio. My name is Andrew Lanning. I'm the host of Pretty Matters Hawaii. We air here every Tuesday at 10 a.m. Hawaii time trying to bring you issues about security that you may not know issues that can protect your family, take yourself, take our community, protect our companies, the folks we work with. Please join us and I hope you can maybe get a little different perspective on how to live a little safer. Aloha. Konnichiwa. Think Tech Hawaii ga nihongo de oguri shite imasu. Konnichiwa Hawaii. Host na kuni seikari desu. Mai shu. Kaku shu getsu youbi. Niji kara desu ne. Nihongo de. Nihongo de katuyaku sarete irassharu. Hawaii no irona kata o maneki shite. Shou. Geto shou o toki shite imasu. Zehi koran ni natte kudasai. Welcome back to Community Matters. My name is Mark Ito. I'm the host for this last minute or so of this programming. Right here in the studio I have with me, Yarm Barlet and Smi Wong who are the current GMN program directors here at KTUH, the college radio station located at the University of Hoyt at Manoa. So we're talking about like our 50th anniversary and like the celebrations we've done. So are there kind of like any more things we're planning to do throughout the year to kind of commemorate 50 years? Because 50 years is like, especially for a radio station, it's very like unheard of in this kind of day and age. So are we celebrating it to the greater masses? Yeah, 50 years is definitely our big milestone. So we celebrate, we already have the alumni take over and this summer and we have the alumni reception. No, we have the exhibit. But we will have alumni reception is October 4th. Before October 4th, there's a series of concerts that you actually managed. So yeah, we are really excited for those. We bring in a lot of local musicians to play. They'll bring back some old memories and what we started, the KTUH is our passion for music. So in September of all four weeks, we'll have four concert series every Friday. And we have a grand finale, a big celebration on October 4th. Richard Thompson is a legendary musician we'll be playing. Oh yes, definitely. So if we can throw up the number 10 picture, I believe. We have our KTUH number if you want to get any contact in regards to the radio station as far as I can. If you have any questions about how you can join the KTUH even if you're not a part of the student body or just talk about how the radio station works and what not. If we can see the next couple of pictures, please. Yes, so we have some, during the exhibit as well, we had some of our staff members that unfortunately passed away. One of the big ones was Rap Linger who was a very famous KTUH alumni. He's a very famous like music comedian throughout the islands as well. More recently in 2014 with Abel who was like, was a really loved DJ at KTUH as well. So just want to give a little moment to them. Give a little shine for those that have contributed to this awesome KTUH college radio station. If we can go to the next slide, I believe. We have some other things that we do at KTUH as our takeovers. And that's pretty cool. I think just like as a way to reach out to the community outside of these like big events. One of these is the picture you're seeing right now. So a little bit older picture with some of the older DJs that wanted to play music for the community. And it's a way for the community to get to know the DJs on a face-to-face personality rather than hearing them through a radio or like some sort of FM frequency perhaps. What do you guys thoughts about like KTUH doing like some kind of like these like community events to kind of like show that we are just like just in UH but outside of UH community as well? Right. So last fall we actually had a major fundraiser. We did two fundraisers last year. We do our annual radio fund every year to pay for our operations. But last year we did a second one in the fall. And that was primarily to fund these community events for the 50th anniversary. And I believe in my mind the purpose of these events is to celebrate the 50th anniversary of like the local college radio station. But it's also to give opportunities to local musicians and artists who want to perform and want to be sort of you know recognized by the community as performers and for you know contributing to the local music scene of which KTUH has been I think a major part for many years. Right. And we have a programming with Monday Night Live which is what every Monday where they have a live act in studio and they do like an interview segment plus they have like an hour of original music. Yes, original music not cover music. So what I think is really cool in the fact that like they're promoting their arts and craft and where it's like the platform to kind of give them their shine to like get that like recognition and that reach that KTUH has with the different community. I believe the next slide is our concert right here. Yes, this is the one we're looking for. So we're talking just talking about this earlier with Richard Thompson electric trio. And Richard Thompson for audience members that don't know who he is. He's a very famous electric guitarist and by some of our own staff members says it's one of the best in the world. So just to have him here to help celebrate 50 years of KTUH is an achievement and it's a great honor to have him here to help us celebrate with it. We're talking about October 4th Friday. That's going to be a Friday at 8 p.m. at Hawaiian brines on the address is less. There are 1680 Kapilani Boulevard on the second floor. And there's a URL link there as well with K2H 50 dot brown paper tickets calm. That's a little bit too long for some people. All you can just do is just go to the web to our website. Yeah, so the ticket information and the prices are on the website and the link. Yes. If you guys time just go to our website. Just click the both all the directions from there and I'll show you everything as far as what we're planning for this big content series. So kind of touched on it briefly about like what we wanted to do to expand our future reference for KTUH and outside of KTUH I kind of wanted to get your guys thoughts about this with radio and just in general because like you were saying earlier a lot of people are just downloading or listening music from like their phones from like their laptops or tablets or whatever. And it's like a lot it's a lot of music curated just for them in that regard. I kind of wanted to hear you guys opinion about like the future of like radio broadcasting as a whole. Whether if it's going to be like what is it going to be like is it going to be kind of like similar what we have right now. Or like in 50 years down the line is it going to be something completely different that you know beyond our imagination right now. Right. Well I can start by saying I think radio is here to stay. It's not growing as fast as it was. This also I don't think it's going anywhere. I think that in this in this day and age in order to be in order to be a cutting edge radio station and reach reach the people who really want to listen to you. I think it's important to be online. But one special thing about one special thing about radio is that those streaming platforms that you listed can't be played on the air like Spotify. Their terms of service specifically states that it can't be played on radio. So when you listen to FM radio you're always going to hear music that is specifically curated by that DJ. And I don't think I don't think that's going to change even with streaming. I think that you know people who DJ on the radio and put the effort in will always want to play you know national music. But I think to grow I think online content is really important. I think people use those platforms so much now. I think we really need to reach outside FM and that's what me and I are working on. Right. Yeah. For you to be able to grow. We really want to bring in some some other thoughts like talk show and other educational content because we are a student run student college radio station. You want we want our students U.H. their voice to be heard their research projects and some campus issues because you know we have talk show. They address LGBT issues address women's issues they address like future sustainability those issues. Those are important but they are not necessarily in like right in the alley that the mainstream media address every day. But we really want to bring those subculture to our to our station and let people learn more about their research. Right. So the general system getting is that we have working radio to exist. It's just you just have to be really current with like what's going on and like listen to the people pretty much is pretty much what we're doing as like our responsibility as radio. Whether that's like playing music that people currently are into or even to like current issues like social issues like political issues. Hopefully not that hopefully not too controversial but this have to be current is the main trend that we have to be focused on. And I know K2 which is a little bit I've even told that's a little bit like on the older demographic side.  So a lot of things you guys are doing right now is for like the next generation like our generation or what not what the online part. But they're kind of like satisfied the older older crowd per se how would you say you can put them into this kind of this branding of the future. Yeah that's a great question. So FM is not our FM signals not going anywhere. But those who do listen on FM are are still being served by K2H. But what I would say there is that we're we're trying to we're trying to serve as many people as possible. We want to bring as many people as possible into our our listener base. So it's really important the online content is important to serve people who don't live within our FM coverage other islands and mainland. As far as older listeners go I do believe they also that streaming is also popular in order demographics maybe more popular in the younger demographics. Really. Yeah but I think old and young use that streaming streaming and podcasting especially especially the people who don't live within the terrestrial reach of our FM. Right. Yeah. Okay so it's really interesting to hear that kind of stuff. Just to kind of wrap up and just to get people to be more aware about K2H. I know we've mentioned it before so is there any other ways to reach out to you guys specifically as far as like K2H. But if they have any problems, questions, concerns or anything on that matter how can they contact you. I think you can call us at AO8-956-5288. It's our office number and they can also email us DM at K2H.org. Yeah we're always looking for new DJs and we are open for any suggestions. We accept DJs from the community. You don't have to be a student to be a DJ. Anybody can apply. All they need to do is want to be a DJ on K2H. So we encourage anyone who wants to be involved to be involved somehow. Whether it be by donating or DJing or even coming to tour the station. Okay sounds awesome. Unfortunately we run out of time for a discussion. Hopefully we can have you guys back on. We're going to just talk about the concert series and the big Richard Thompson concert. So once again this is Community Matters. My name is Mark Ito. Thank you for tuning in and for anything that's awesome. You're going to need to take a call at K2H.org. Aloha.


We've learnt that if there's zero net force on an object, then there's zero acceleration, and an object will remain at rest or moving at constant velocity. But what happens if there is a net force? The object will accelerate. Let's quantify this. Newton's second law tells us that the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. The net force means the sum of all the forces acting on an object. Newton's first law that we've spoken about is really just a special case of this second law. If the net force is zero, then the acceleration is zero, and an object will remain at rest or moving with constant velocity. F is a vector, that is, it has a direction, as well as a magnitude. And A, the acceleration, is also a vector. It is pointed in the same direction as the net force. The unit of force is called a Newton, or capital N for short. The units on both sides of an equation must match. On the right-hand side, we have mass, which has units of kilograms, and acceleration, which has units of meters per second squared. And therefore, the units of force, one Newton, must be a kilogram meter per second squared. Now we're going to quantify some of the forces that we introduced in the last video. The weight force, which we'll call FG, is equal to M times G. Note this M is the same mass as in F equals MA. Little G is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth, which is approximately equal to 9.8 meters per second squared. This would be different if you were on a different planet, or the moon. We can calculate the weight force for a person. Let's say the mass is 65 kilograms. Then the weight force is equal to 637 Newtons. Now because our first two quantities, M and G, were only given to two significant figures, we should only give our answer to two significant figures as well. The force due to a spring is equal to minus kx. Here k is the spring constant, and this will vary depending on the size and material that the spring is made from. And x is the displacement of the end of the spring from its unstretched position. The minus sign is there because both F and x are vectors, but they are in opposite directions. X points in the direction that the spring was extended or compressed, back to the original position of the spring. We can compare the spring force from two springs, one stretchy with a small spring constant, and one stiffer with a larger spring constant. If we stretch both springs by 10 centimeters, what will a spring force be? To calculate the forces, we first need to remember to convert everything to SI units, so 10 centimeters becomes 0.1 meters. It's a good idea after doing a calculation to check if your answer makes sense. Here we found that the stretchy spring exerts a force of 5 newtons, and the stiff spring exerts a force of 50 newtons. This makes sense. The stretchy spring doesn't pull back very much, and the stiff spring pulls back a lot. The frictional force on a moving object is equal to mu k times n, where mu k is the coefficient of kinetic friction, which depends on what the two surfaces are that are sliding against each other, and n is the normal force that we introduced last video. Friction partly arises from the roughness of surfaces. If you zoom in it might look something like this. But a large part of friction actually arises from molecules in the two objects adhering to each other. Because of the complicated nature of how friction arises, the equation that we've written here is really only an approximation for describing the frictional force, but it does generally work pretty well. For stationary objects, the frictional force is less than or equal to mu s times n. Here mu s is the coefficient of static friction. Mu s is usually greater than mu k. You can see that the main difference between these two equations is the less than or equal sign for the stationary friction. If you imagine you have a really heavy box sitting on the floor, and you apply a small force, the box doesn't move because friction applies an equal and opposite small force. You then apply a large force to the box, and it still doesn't move, because the friction force exactly opposes the large force you apply. You can see in this case for a stationary object, the frictional force varies depending on what the applied force is. But the static friction is always less than mu s n. Once the applied force is greater than mu s n, the object will accelerate, and the frictional force will be given by the equation for moving objects.


ts and solve the problem that's another huge paradigm shift and it's no exaggeration when I take a closer look at lot of applications that come our way when we are starting to work on majority of the applications are camera driven in space of factory automation and what we are seeing right now is an example of factory automation where you have video cameras which is observing the assembly line and these feeds would be fed to platform like Leo where you have applications which can understand the video signals inference and alert if there are issues alongside other other sensory signals like temperature current and other things so so factory automation is a space or area where we are continuing to invest a lot in building applications and I call it a 2u box we have to deploy a 2u box we need a platform like Leo we need applications staying closer to the edge that we have that reliability both in terms of high volume inference thing and also ensure that it is seamless and it's actually working in a factory environment and 5G private definitely is going to play a big role to connect all these different sensors cameras and so on and route signals and video streams to a platforms a centralized platform which can ingest and apply artificial intelligence and start to surface insights to improve efficiencies to avoid error near real time without any material loss and this is an area we bryzen are starting to heavily invest I'm sure many of you know bryzen already has a company called skyward which was acquired few years ago they are into helping flight drones now knowing bryzen has tens of thousands of cell towers having technologies like drone and computer vision so on it's it's very timely that we we start to build applications instead of people climbing on the cell tower to understand issues with the towers and connections and so on flight drones to understand the issues around those cell towers one it addresses a lot of safety issues to it addresses a lot of sorry there's a lot of cost efficiencies attributed as well and most importantly with computer vision you really see a lot of insights where you can take corrective actions near real time and we're continuing to invest and this is kind of a very vertical application today you solve it for cell tower cell towers you can retrain it to monitor oil pipelines buildings and bridges and then so on I personally am very very fascinated about the mission that we embarked on we are very very early on though there's a lot of learning here but I'm sure in months to come we'll be able to operationalize products like what we are discussing right now and it really requires edge capability the video streams coming near real time inferencing on the edge and then being able to provide surface sorry being able to surface insights to the person who's a really conducting the survey of the cell tower or an antenna now how can we how can we solve all these things efficiently is the term that I would actually like to use when we take a closer look at the next generation application pretty much every application would have an aspect of machine learning attached to it but the very interesting difference between the application that are powered by machine learning and traditional applications is the machine learning applications are not static I can't say the release is complete this is an awesome application you guys go ahead and use it we really have to start to monitor the model and have a process in place to really retrain the model to make it more meaningful relevant and accurate on the ground and that's a non-trivial problem and that's where we need to have an ecosystem that supports the next building and deployment of next generation application the ML based applications can be transactional I can't say I've deployed the application and I can't walk away I need to provide tools and capabilities which can be used to ensure that these applications are meaningful over a period of time and that's very important on one side on the other hand be able to distribute the workload training workloads on the cloud and the inferencing workloads on the edge in simple terms I call the pink boxes and the blue boxes were deployed on the cloud now eloquently we have to separate these pink boxes to the closest edge which could be a cdn edge or a 2u box which would empower you to build applications like drone vertical inspection applications like factory automation and then so on so we are very heavily invested in operationalizing the capability of platform which helps empowers us to build edge application seamlessly so what you're seeing is a very high level blueprint of the platform Leo where the pink boxes are taken care as part of the model inferencing and application deployment and this application deployment has to be end to end we should be able to run UI it has to be secured and this to me is a paradigm shift we all talk about distributed infrastructure now we're talking about the distributed application where the same drone inspection the same factory automation has to be deployed in multiple locations and in many cases it has to be integrated on the cloud to make it work very very seamlessly and it's a fascinating time where the demand for infrastructure is changing the security posture is changing we just can't say we have an awesome cloud infrastructure in multiple locations it's micro clouds and these micro clouds have to be connected to the parent cloud primarily because their application loads are distributed on the edge and on the cloud with seamless interconnect and what you're seeing is a reflection of our view about a year and a half ago and today what you're seeing is real so Leo is a glue between various technology infrastructures platforms and integration between data sensors and so on which will enable and empower to build different applications like drone inspection factory automation digital twin that has been operationalized for Verizon's own good within Verizon and I'm sure we all have our own strategies but I'm very excited and encouraged to share the success that we're actually starting to see about understanding the needs of the edge platform and ironing out the capabilities that are actually needed on on the edge now in a nutshell when you take a closer look at Leo you can build an end-to-end application on Leo which can ingest data which can apply inferencing at massive scale on the edge and be able to deploy any machine learning model and most importantly this is container based so what that translates to is it can be deployed on any edge platform but as I was mentioning it's very important to have a seamless interconnect to the cloud because it's just only portion of your application and a lot of the training needs to happen on the cloud and there could be compliance policies where you have to purchase data on the cloud and this data has to be shipped onto the cloud for various reasons and most importantly a fascinating approach of building models this is called distributed model training which can be consolidated on the cloud can be approached through platforms like Leo now at a very high level for us when you take a closer look at one of the capabilities that we would need on the edge data management is super important be able to ingest data all forms of and kinds of data high throughput and so on and it should empower us to build end-to-end applications with UI very secure and so on and most importantly the security posture has changed because you have a 2u box sitting somewhere physical security becomes important application security becomes important to you these things have to be factored in this which is beyond Leo but we need to have a strategy to address all aspects of security and Leo does address application security we would have to depend on edge enablement capabilities like OpenShift as well in this case to ensure that it is seamless we can control or manage the container seamlessly on the edge and also provide a very secure environment to deploy edge applications and most importantly have a strategy in place where you have components where you can deploy models seamlessly manage it monitor it and most importantly perform near the time analytics too and everything that I have said is part of Leo it's operationalized and we have been very very successfully been using within Verizon and interestingly though it's very very early Leo has become the north star edge architecture for Verizon Media Group as we speak now to conclude we are starting to see a new influx of application I call this as next generation application and these applications each one of them would be powered by AI there's no doubt they're poised to enhance human experience and efficiencies and health and safety and so on but the paradigm shift from the infrastructure perspective is we have to understand and identify the components that have to be more closer and closer to the edge it could be a CDN edge or a 2U box now I think with that the way how I would like to summarize a lot of the stories and experiences that I have explained it's it's a very very it's going to be very very interesting as we move forward primarily as you start to take a closer look at building ML and AI based applications it's complex we have to find ways to simplify this through a platform strategy we need to have strategy and partnerships in place where we have control on the edge and technologies like OpenShift definitely will put us in a very very good situation to have a very controlled and manageable environment taking into account it's very very distributed too and most importantly how are we going to build test deploy keep the environment very agile that way it's adaptive adaptive too so taking all these things into account we're very early on we have our own experiences very happy to learn your experiences too connecting offline and also I'm starting to look up to consortiums like a neuro system I'm really excited and happy to be part of it and also I feel very blessed to be part of an ecosystem like this while we bring in what we know primarily from experience perspective in terms of solving problems on the edge building ML and AI applications for rise in rise in media and other enterprise customers that we are starting to work with we're here to learn as part of the ecosystem and become more and more efficient as we continue to build our next generation applications which are envision would change a human experience which would improve efficiencies and also most importantly I am excited about the security posture improving security posture and also health and safety too so with that I sincerely thank you all very much for this opportunity and look forward to sync up with you offline as part of consortiums and then we can take it from there most importantly stay safe I'm sure you're all going to have a fantastic and terrific 2021 thank you


Good morning sir. Good morning ma'am. Good morning. How are you? Very fine sir. Do you have anything, any good news to share with us today? Personal or something about the country? Sir, I am very happy to be here. Any good news about the country? What is not good, any bad news? Just like you have done your MBS and you have tested over some time? No. No? IPS have not done it so far? No sir. What work did you do as a volunteer for it? Sir, in the first wave I joined as a doctor. So, my work was basically divided with looking after the general opidine to reduce the work burden and partially migrant screening. And in the second wave, sir I got the fortunate opportunity to work in the DC control room looking after administration because I submitted... There is only administration. Actual work should be done in the first wave. Sir, it was related to migrant screening and the general opidine both. No sir, I was not... Not directly related. No, I was not... there was a training program in the... And the doctors who were trained in the COVID ward, so they used to go in the ward and I used to look after the general opidine to reduce the work burden. And migrant screening which doesn't require that kind of PPE kit. Was it very difficult to bring PPE over time? Yes sir, wearing a PPE is very difficult, especially in the hot and humid conditions of India. What are vector bone diseases? So, vector bone diseases are those which require an intermediate vector or a host. How many vectors? Thalajan, Dengu, Lymphatic Pilariasis. Vertigo. I heard something vertigo. So, it's a clinical condition in which you experience dizziness. How it can be improved? Sir, it's due to an imbalance of fluids in the semicircular canal of the ears. So, it can be improved by prescribing medications? I think it's not. There is some procedure also that I believe or something. Sir, I'm not aware as far as... Manuring procedure is there. No sir, sorry. I'm sorry. A positive, B positive, A, B positive and O. And N negatives too, sir, counter-particle. A B positive is universal acceptor. And O is universal donor. Although the concept has been slightly in question today because there are multiple other antigens to be accounted for in the blood group today. You read newspapers? Yes sir. Yes. Haryana, they, some OVC, they made some changes in the OVC criteria. And they write in some of their sources. Yes sir. So, sir, the whole issue was that Haryana government selected only the economic criteria for... What other criteria? The other criteria has been enlisted by the courts in the government that is social criteria, occupational criteria and... But when somebody is feeling aware, this application for those are being taken into consideration or not? Sir, it's in consideration for the OVC creamy layer concept of the central government. So, for example, when you are chartered accountant or a doctor that automatically accounts for a good social position in the society and... That is taken care of economic criteria. They are already out. Sir, but for example, if a doctor earns less or it doesn't earn still he will not be included in the OVC... Not be included, what about that? Sir, as far as the theoretical aspects are concerned, I think so, but I may be wrong. You are additional DGP in Delhi in charge of traffic control. A lot of movement of VIPs. Ambulance is also moving. A lot of disturbance to... However, fire brigade also moves. A lot of traffic in Delhi. Sir, my first approach will be to analyse the whole situation in the form of GIS and satellites data. I can prepare a route chart and plan to... And create a plan so as it prioritises the most important vehicles that are required to go. Like the ambulances. My second preference will also be that the roads are sufficiently wide or they are not encroached upon by... You are not going to change the road side as a traffic controller. Roads you don't have any say. Roads will be the same. On your control. Sir, I can take care of the encroachments that are on the road. Delhi is this VIP area as you want. Second sir, I can... Third sir, I can also use technology in maintenance and management. For example, automatic each allowance or automatic red light areas or suppose number plate detection systems. So that can lessen the burden on the traffic police. Forest area. Forest area, which state is the largest? MP is the largest. And whether the largest forest area or maximum percentage of forest area out of these two which will help in amalgamation of environment. Sir, it will be the percentage criteria. Because the national forest policy has the 33% percentage criteria for all of the states I think it is a healthy indicator. Thank you sir. Harsha. Charismatic.harsha. What is the story behind this email? It was a conscious and well thought out decision to select an appealing word in my college days. Now sir, I see it as something which is associated with my name and I just want to be charismatic. What are the characteristics of a charismatic person? So its definition is you have to possess divine quality so as to have a large amount of leadership or followers. So can I give you some example of charismatic personalities? Sir, we can have both good and bad. The best charismatic personalities I have known so far are Mahatma Gandhi ji, our present prime minister, Narendra Modi ji and the bad ones examples are too there in history. For example, Adolf Hitler, Mussolini. So, I think for a few days I will talk about politics and policy. I have read about this. This is in the context of the central minister. Sir, I have read about the news. So what can we do to address this problem of politicization of the force? Sir, it is basically encoded in the Model Police Act of 1860 which requires the whole police organization to be under executive. So sir, the reforms should have to start from the central level. That is the act has to be modified for promoting more autonomy at the local level. There are certain CRPCs and IPCs also encoded. I can make sure at my level on the district that these particular procedures are being followed at the local level. Can you tell me some of the best practices in policing that you have come across which can be from any state? Sir, one of the best case studies I recently heard about was the Community Policing Initiative in Ranchi. It has been used to a large extent to tackle noxilism. Second is also the involvement of police in directly with respect to child labour and reducing dropouts. So this is a very novel initiative where police really involves itself in the proactive functions of maintaining law and order and not really the aggressive styles. You talked about community policing. Is there any ethical dilemmas in community policing? I can just make an answer that if the police is too involved with the community, it can have apprehensions while arresting the same person. But sir, I am not sure. It is said that in case of COVID we are moving from the pandemic phase to the end of the phase. What is the difference between the pandemic phase and the end of the phase? Sir, an endemic is a disease localized to a small population or a small area. While a pandemic, we can spread the endemic on a global level and that will be called a pandemic. Now, you have a problem called a short put at university level. India was represented in a short put in all the places here, right? Can you tell me about this performance and who represented it? We had no representations in the female Olympics, female short put, but we had a representation. The sports person's name was Mr. Tejinder Singh too. He has already held a Asia level record by throwing 19, 20 meters. In this year, his performance in Olympics was 19.99 meters. But unfortunately, he could not get the medal. What is the world record for short put? It is about 24 meters. You are very interested in how we are crafting, how do you pronounce this? It is paper or machine. So, this is Russian? French. What is this? Can you explain what is this? What is this? What do you understand? Can you explain what is this? Sir, it is basically a paper craft where we create mixtures of paper. Paper is soaked and then it is crumbled and created into a gluey paste. And that paste is used to mold over into different structures. So, is this similar to origami? No sir. Origami is different. So, origami will be folding of paper craft. This is related to preparing a paper mash, creating a glue with it and molding structures just like clay. What do you think about allowing IU's doctors to conduct surgeries? Sir, I think surgeries is a very specialized field. So, maybe not surgeries, but yes. International models have shown that people who are connected to the medical field, they are very effective in practicing basic general medicine. Are there certain surgeries that can be connected by IU's doctors? Are they already connected to certain surgeries? Sir, minor surgeries like abscess drainage, they can be done, but I am not aware whether it is being done. Okay. You are watching contemporary Bollywood and Hollywood cinema. Can you tell me some movies that you have recently watched? In Bollywood it is Cherni, Shakuntla Devi, and in Hollywood, Minari, Rush, Ford and Parade. Okay. So, you have watched the movie Cherni. Can you tell me about politicization of forces for service? Is there politicization in forces? That is what has been depicted in the movie. Sir, any institution which does not have the required autonomy will face a certain kind of politicization and political pressures. That is portrayed in the movie. And yes, the contemporary actress, she faces such kind of problems in her job. Okay. Last question.  Why do you want to get into IAS? You are already an IPS officer. How do you want to get into IAS? Sir, simply it is one of the most excellent jobs. It provides me an opportunity to... In a doctor it is the best job in the country. Sir, I think every work is best. So, be it IPS or IAS or doctor or in fact teachers. So, I cannot compare it with anything, but still I feel that this is the next step for me. And it is just interesting that I want to work in here. And I feel that if you are interested about something, automatically 100% efficiency will go into that. Thank you, sir. Sir, I am on leave. Sir, I am on leave. So, Karnataka. Oh, Karnataka. It is a good Karnataka. Doctor for politics is also fine. So, what's happening in Afghanistan? What's the latest? So, the latest news will be the unfortunate incident of people getting killed at a bomb explosion in the Taliban airport. Was it the suicide bomb or was it something more than that? 70 killed. Sir, it's very difficult right now to gauge who was the actual person behind the bombings. But regardless of that, the Taliban is right now facing a crisis of all sorts. Because the Taliban has many ungoverned spaces right now, it's very easy for any terrorist group or any radical group to get in the Taliban and create an attack like that. Okay. We have read a book. We can read it. Sir, I have read a book on health written by former health secretary, Ms. K. Sujata Rao. The book's name was... So, the book's name was duty care. So, what did you find? How did you get the book? Sir, the book was extremely insightful. She has traced the medical journey right from the British sign to eventually where did we go wrong and finally today's position and how it can be studied. Now, you see, the officers have been with economic issues much more than they have to negotiate and bring to these countries. What is economic diplomacy? Sir, a country relation. A bilateral country relation has many aspects. Economy, trade. It has to be only bilateral. Sir, it can be multilateral. Sorry. So, this kind of relations have economy and trade as a crucial aspect to it. So, the diplomacy and the negotiations used to further trade relations between the countries is known as economic relations. International international relations which we have to meet. Sir, economic relations. So, World Trade Organization. World Intellectual Property Organization. United Nations Convention on Trade, UNCTAD. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. How about World Bank? Yes. Yes. Now, let's talk about WTO. Have you really been to WTO? Because I say WTO is more interest. Will you agree with me? So, the trade to GDP issue was right now it's today at 70%. Sir, it was much below when in 1995 WTO started. No, it was definitely WTO. Sir, definitely WTO has a role in regulating the 98% trade that happens all across the world. So, it has... So, our countries and the world are really magnetic because if you do subsidy, they raise issues. I mean, the government should stop it. Because they won't ever play between more subsidy, nothing. They should probably come that way. Yeah. And then, I think we have so many chases by Americans that's why we need to come that way. So... Sir, show me. Right now, we are facing a consensus risk because as the developing countries rise and the developed countries also they both want to... Sir, they both want to have a level play field. So, there is a consensus risk right now WTO, but we have definitely advantage from the WTO. This can be illustrated by an example. Good example. Sir, in the solar pettance case there was a domestic content... Yeah, but the Americans went against us. They never changed pettiness in WTO. Solar issues will be local. We have been doing compulsory liaisons. What is compulsory liaisons? Sir, it is a clause in the pettance where the government can move in to license especially a pharma product when it sees that that pharma product is necessary for national security and public health. There also be an issue in the room as we have seen and the other things. What are these concepts? Sir, ever meaning of pettance is... Sir, it is a concept when when the pettance is regularly rejuvenated, like even after the spying of the pettance, the drug manufacturers they alter their drugs in such a way so that there is a case for them to rejuvenate the pettance and not allow really the generic industries to take in. There is a minor change in the sound composition. There was a classic case Supreme Court here where you know that. Sir, it was a deliberate case. Yeah. Good. Now, what do you understand with monetary policy? Sir, it is a financial policy pursued by the RBI to alter the liquidity and subsequently control the inflation of the country. Good. Now, government is going to monetize some of the assets. Is it also part of the monetary policy? Sir, it is done by the government. What RBI is the government? Sir, it is... Sir, RBI... an autonomous body RBI has a very different jurisdiction of the monetary policy. But monetization plan if it will come, it will come out of fiscal policy. So, monetization plan it will plan by the government to use all the pending and lying assets idle lying assets so as to create revenue for financing its other expenditures. So, it is an action monetization pipeline recently and also by the government. Why do they call it pipeline? Sir, it is... multiple infrastructure projects are in line to be monetized. Probably that's right. Okay. Ayush. What is the film from? Ayush? Ayush Vida, Yoga, Yunani, Siddha, Homiya Vathi. Okay. What is Siddha in this? Sir, Siddha is a... it's a Tamil branch of medicine. Tamil branch. Sir, I'm sorry if I'm wrong but it's something related to South India. Yes, but don't say Tamil in that way. It can be a certain jurisdiction in Tamil. Okay. But don't give it a... something you may have to do with that. So, in any case, there is no Tamil in that way. As far as medicine is concerned, it's in present nature. Okay. It's a form of system. But tell me, intellectual property lines. The Indian system of medicine. The Americans, others are unpretentious in it. Why are we not doing it? Whether it's Dean, Haldi, everything is that. Okay. Sir, with Haldi, there was a national discourse that we should be doing it and the government has taken steps. For example, the TKDL, the Digital Knowledge Library, the Traditional Digital Knowledge Library, apart from that, so recently, I would like to give an example of one of a very famous drug called Aroge Pacha, which was patented by CSIR. So, this is also an example that the government is recognizing the earlier course and is moving in to current do-steps. Last question, with the agency which lives with the intellectual property, will you name? Ministry of Commerce and Industry. No, but there is a particular place. Registrar, general of patents, trademarks and... Where is it located? Let's see which one. Okay, sir. Thank you, sir. Priyam, are you also... Akshay. Akshay. And you were... Till 10, you were in this Kamal school. Was that a convent? Yes. Okay. With a certain Kamal school, that's why I was thinking. So, why change of school and board? Particularly, it will be due to the board. The syllabus of CVSC board is more on consonants with the competitive exams that we did. So, it was a conscious decision due to that factor. Okay. Does that also impact your overall marks? I mean, it's a usual this thing that in CVSC, it's more scoring than ICSC. Is it the fact? No, man. In my case, it's not because my marks are decreasing because I tried to diversify more. I got till 10, I was not much into sports and drama and other crafts. Since I diversified more, my studies got a little bit half. Because usually, the trend is that they change the board students to secure more marks and I could see that there was a dip in your marks from 10 to 12. Okay, fine. And then grafting that papier-mache you said, that's how it is being pronounced and masked. What are these masks? Mostly, I try to make some traditional masks but they require a lot of raw material investment. So, I stick to the more conventional type mark that is usually, I put the bulk of papier-mache on balloon structure so that these are not usual masks which we are wearing.  It's a traditional type of mask. Okay, now coming to mask, otherwise, is COVID-19 mask. How many type of masks are there, the surgical masks? There are three types of medical masks that I have heard of. The first is this surgical mask. Second is the N95 mask and third is the N99 mask. And what's the difference between N95 and N99? It's related to the efficacy. 95% of pollutants or foreign particles are being filter down in N95 while 99% are there in N99. And what about surgical mask which we are wearing? It has an efficacy rate of 70 or 80% but I'm not sure. And what makes those masks so expensive? The N95 and N99 in comparison to other surgical masks. Now, it's related to the design and the quality of the fabric use. This surgical mask is basically a three layer polypropylene mask. But the N95 mask is designed in such a way that there are no air gaps. Sometimes there's a ball related to that and the fabric is also of superior in quality. So in that case the cost automatically increases. Okay. You said you watched Shakuntla Devi. So what do you like most about her character? She doesn't get bogged down by circumstances. She was a brown Indian girl and yet she decided to go in spite of being racial abuses being heard at her. She decided to go to she decides to go to London and she just finds up her skills over there and simply over all the other people proving them wrong. And who has inspired you to join civil services? Is there some person or circumstances why civil services? The institution of civil services itself has inspired me to join civil services. We see a host of very charismatic officers doing great work all over India and that has inspired me basically. Any one inspiration you can name. Mr. Armstrong Pame he has worked a lot and in some innovative ways for crowdfunding a road project because the funds were not available in the centre. So that's an innovative way to bypass the systemic inefficiencies and get to deliver to the people. So you worked in DC's office also. What has been your experience? Some positive and negative experience? The positives will definitely be the work satisfaction that I have experienced there. For example all the machinery when it moves in coordination to get a bed for just one patient. That's extremely satisfying. And the negative experiences are I have experienced that the centralization in the DC office is too exhausting for a person who is especially working at the capacity of a district collector. Second, the staff inefficiencies it's very disappointing to see that one's efficiency is hindered because human resources that we have in the office are not as efficient as I would like them to be. And if you are in that place how is this anything you think that you can address to this problem and how would you do that the inefficiencies problem? Now the best solution to this is having a better work culture in the office. By work culture I mean that by my example I can motivate all the staff members who are in the office to work in their full spirits and passionately dedicated to the cause. How would you motivate them? Leading by example or having a compassionate policy for example if someone in there is a work burden on the office and someone has a personal problem to pay to do I can tell them to adopt some flexible policies so that the employees are happy and they create a happy work culture. So are you familiar with Oxfam report on inequality? I do not remember the particular data of Oxfam but inequality is a problem that must be needed to. With regards to women health care in our country. So what is your view on that when you talk about inequalities? Now we have done specifically well in certain areas like maternal mortality rate or institutional delivery but certain areas like contraception need or reproductive health in areas like mandatory sterilization those are the areas that we still need to improve upon. Suppose you are the chief of medical council of India so tell me 3 reforms that you would like to initiate 3 reforms which you would like to initiate as a chief of medical council of India 1st will be related to the guidelines of the standardization of practices followed in a private health care setup. 2nd will be the code of ethics and 3rd will be a centralized drug procurement policy which prioritizes generic medicines more than other right of medicine. And last question which vaccination is approved for 12 years? I hope so. Thank you.