Okay. Good morning, Euro1 to BC310, church and ministry administration. Thanks to all of you for joining. Let's take a moment to pray and we'll get started. Somebody on the online class can pray. We want to thank you for this morning as we come before your presence this morning. We ask your grace and your presence to teach us and help us to understand, especially regarding church and ministry administration Lord, we pray that we will be able to grasp and understand it well and also be able to apply this in our practical life slot, help us to deliver it in the right way O God, help us to have a good time in your presence in Jesus' name. Thank you. Thank you so much. All right. Last week we were spending a time talking about organizational structure and we talked about, just to very quickly go through how to create this structure or design an organizational structure for our church or ministry that makes everything very efficient and helps people understand who's going to be doing what and coordinating among various ministries and so on. So we kind of shared what we are doing here at All People's Church. Some of this is still being worked upon because it's not fully grown yet. It's still developing and growing but we have various themes and then we talked a little bit on page 14, the bottom of page 14. We talked about how we can engage volunteers meaningfully in church. Today we go to lesson number five which is administrative policies, guidelines and standards. So in this lesson what I want to share with us is it is important that everybody working in the organization can follow the same approach to making decisions. We need to know why we are doing certain things. What should be the right decision? Not from a personal individual preference but from an organization or from the side or from the understanding of the from the perspective of the organization. So example, as a pastor if somebody comes and says shall I buy two eggs? I might say yes, I might say no but the person or the people need to know why you said yes or why you said no. So that if they were faced to the same question should you buy two eggs? They should be able to make the same kind of decision. The reasoning should be there. Why you said yes or why you said no? It may be a small thing, simple thing. It is making made up an example. But if they don't understand why I said yes or why I said no they won't be able to reproduce that decision. They'll always say you go and ask pastor because only he knows why he said yes or why he won't. But it will be so much better if we communicate with all the people involved. See this is why you say yes, this is why you say no if you are faced with this question. Should I buy two eggs? Example, how many people are going to eat? Do you have enough money to buy two eggs? Those basic questions you think through in your mind and based on all that you say yes or you say no. But that knowledge or that information must be transferred to other people so they also know how to make that decision. Otherwise they'll always keep coming back to you. Should I buy two eggs? Go and ask pastor. So that communication of those, the reasoning behind decisions, the reasoning behind why we should do something or we should not do something is what we call as is communicated through policies, through guidelines and through standards. So and this has to be written down. It can't be in my mind. If it's in my mind, others may not know it but if I write it down, I put it in a document and I share it and everybody understands, oh this is what you must do or this is what you must know. And then there are so many different scenarios, so many different situations that come up in the running of the church and the ministry. So many different situations. So obviously we cannot write policies or guidelines or standards for every situation but if you give one example and let me say for other situations that are similar to this, follow the same guideline or this is our church policy in these kinds of situations. Follow the same thing. Then people will make those same decisions. So let's give one example. You know when we started the church and I just give one example. When we started all people's church and the congregations started growing, we started getting requests from other ministries saying, we'd like to come and make an announcement during the Sunday service. Maybe there was some conference. They were having some conference. Maybe they were having some other event. They want to promote the event. So obviously you're promoting the event across churches. So they say, can we come? We'd like to make an announcement to your congregation about this event. Now in the beginning, we said yes. But I told them, please take only two minutes or sometimes I say five minutes. And what happened was we gave five minutes for them to come make an announcement about it will go on 10 minutes sometimes about 15. And then you cannot stop them because you're in the congregation. Everybody is watching. Congregation doesn't know that you've told them take two minutes or five minutes. These people happily are going on 10 minutes, 15 minutes. And this actually happened. So one mission organization came. They said, we want to talk about this, our mission, our organization to the congregation now that make a presentation. They said, fine, we'll give you five minutes. And this person, and he's the head of the organization, he's going on 10 minutes, 15 minutes. And I was feeling very upset. But I can't do anything. I said, why wait for him to get over. Then I realized, okay, see, this is not going to work. This is not practical because one, even if we give people five minutes, they're not following time. And we can't go and stop them in the middle. It's very embarrassing. Second, soon, many more organizations will keep coming. We want to make presentations. Every Sunday, there'll be some presentation, some promotion. We cannot keep going like this. And our main thing on the Sunday service is worship, prayer and word. That's it. This is the main thing. Even our own announcements, we try to keep it within five minutes. Like whatever you want to put in the finish. We don't want to make waste people's time. So then I realized, see, this thing is not going to work. So that time, we made a decision. So this we call a policy. I said, and I shared it with our staff, from now onward, this is going to be our church policy. That means if anybody comes and asks us, can we do promotion? Our answer will, in the service, our answer will be no. In our service, our policy is to only announce our own events. And even our own events will be taking only five minutes, not more than that. But if you want to make an announcement, this is our policy. And we will treat everybody equally like this. You can come, you can keep a table at the back outside the main auditorium. And you can do what you want.  Only thing over there, don't give any handles and people are coming inside the auditorium because then they'll carry it and they will leave it in the auditorium because we have to clean it. You give it and they're going off. So they will take it and go. So we made it very clear. And then from that time, that is our standard answer to anybody who asks us, we want to do promotion. Can we come and promote our event or anything? Our organization. This is it. As a church policy, this is it. Everybody, same thing.  And give it when people are going out, not when they're coming in. Standard. So this is an example where you establish a pulse. And there is a reason why you do it. So then we write it down. So we wrote it down. It's number on our church website. We have guidelines section. So this is one. So today, and we keep our staff informed, everybody's informed. So today when there's a request, they know what to say. And everybody's saying the same thing, not like one person saying, yes, you can come or we don't know. No, the policy is there. We follow. So like that in different areas, we follow the same. We have written policies or guidelines, which people will follow. So it helps everybody, be together and respond to different situations. So I missed the policies. They help so establish efficiency, consistency, responsibility, accountability. So that's the reason. So for example, we have a policy on reimbursements. We have a policy on making purchases for everyone. We said, look, if you want to buy something, you first have, and if it is more than 5000 rupees, you have to send a request. You can't just go buy it and then say you pay me.  That means you send a request saying we need to buy example, we need to buy a keyboard for one location. This is how much it's going to cost. This is the link. We send an email request. It has to be approved. So it will come to our accountant. The copy will come to me. It has to be approved. Then we will buy it. You cannot simply go buy it and then say, hey, I bought it for church, please, dream once. It has to be approved. Otherwise, so the reason we have that in places, if it is not there, people simply spend money.  They'll go buy it and they say, now you're paying me back. So we have put this in place. It's a standard policy or before any events, like a conference, a camp, our policy or a guideline is whoever is responsible for the event must work a full budget. And you must send that budget for approval. The budget has to be approved. Only then they can go ahead and start making those arrangements. If it's not approved, then we may not pay for it. And it has to be done in writing. They can't just come and tell me, oh, we need so much money for this conference. We can discuss things, but even after we discuss, it has to be put in an email and it has to come and it has to be approved. So it's a guideline. That means this is how we are going to do these things. We cannot randomly spend this. So that's in the area of money. And then, so we have policies, we have guidelines, even for our different ministry teams or volunteer teams, there are guidelines on how the teams have to function, how people have to serve in the team. And then there are standards, meaning this is more for the actual work that is done, example, standards for our media team, standards for the video, how we produce the media, how we produce the media, standards, how things are written for the website, all of these things. And all of these things are documented, they're written. So if any new person joins, we just tell them, please read the guideline or read the standards so we can all follow the same thing. So it makes life easier. So what's the importance of having administrative policies or guidelines and practice standards? Here's some benefits. It provides guidance for the organization that people working in. So everybody understands how you're supposed to do it. It clarifies the organization's position on specific issues. Where does the organization stand? It makes it very clear. It becomes a basis for decision making. So other people can also make the same decision. There is a greater objectivity, that means people know why they're doing it. Consistency, we all do the same thing. Understanding, people understand it. And there is fairness. We treat everybody equal. There is no partiality. So today, we cannot tell any organization, for you, we give five minutes. For others, we don't. No, we treat everybody the same. There is fairness. Nobody is treated with any preference. And it also provides a basis to hold people accountable. That means we can ask questions, why? Why did you not do this? Or why did you do this? We can ask questions if the guidelines are certain. And if they didn't follow, we can ask. But if there was no written guideline, then we can't hold them accountable because they'll say, you never told me or I didn't know no, they can't say that because the guideline is written. We can hold them accountable to what they were supposed to do. So this leads us to the next point, which is everything must be written and available. So if all of this is clearly written and we document everything and we remind people over and over again. So I just shared with you the link for us. So we have a link. It's APCWO.org slash guidelines. You can go to APC. Let me just share this. Let me share this. Yeah, you can see it APCWO.org slash guidelines. So on this web page, we have guidelines for every little thing, I may not a little thing, but every area of ministry like book table, child protection, how all these various ministries are being done, various things, these all guidelines. Anybody who wants to can take it and use it. We tell people from other churches also, they can take it, they can modify this and use it for their church and ministry. But we have all of these guidelines, some policy statements here, some training documents, we want to train people and then we have role description. That means this particular role, what is that person's responsibility. So all of this is available here on this web page APCWO.org slash guidelines. And we tell people, you know, when if at any point we want to reference, tell somebody, what should I do, what should I do, we can always send them here. Hey, just read this guideline document followed out. So we make it available for our teams as well. Let me go back to sharing the PDF. Sorry, I've been jumping around. All right. So you can see the PDF now. Going back to that point, everything must be written down and available. So we have written everything as far as possible and try to keep it updated and people can, you know, read it and so on. Now let's think about this, you know, what will happen in an organization? Suppose there were no policies guidelines in standards. Suppose there was organization, or we're all going to work together. But if there were no policies, no guidelines, no standard established, try to imagine what would be happening in this kind of an organization. This decision making will be so difficult, because people won't know, what am I supposed to do, or why am I supposed to do it, you know, or maybe one certain people only will be the decision makers, others, they have to go to them for every decision. And it may be also very, you know, erratic. Sometimes they're saying yes, sometimes they're saying no. So people also get confused. What does this organization stand for? What do they, you know, do they say yes, or do they say no? Because there are no established policies, no established guidelines or standards. So, yeah, so these are some things that, you know, some examples. We have guidelines for our staff and consultants, workplace policies are included in that. How do we interact with external entities, contracts and lease. So, you know, before we take any place on lease, we make sure we have a written contract. We never do things just based on verbal agreement, because after five months, I told you and we'll say, I don't remember, you know, all those confusions will happen. We don't know what he said, if it's not written. So we never enter into any contract or any lease without a written document that is signed and kept. We never do that because it can give rise to a lot of problems later on. So even in those areas, so this is the same thing we tell, you know, I try to advise other pastors and others say, sometimes pastors, you know, they meet somebody in the church.  I just give a word. Oh, pastor gets very excited. That person is attending my church. He said, use my church, my house for something and they don't go and stop. Then after sometime this man said, you can use my house for five months, you didn't give me any rent. Then pastor said, but that time you didn't say five months ago, you didn't ask for rent. He said, no, no, but I was expecting you to give me a rent. Okay. How much rent? Then he will quote his own price. You know, so it leads to unnecessary problems. It is better even if somebody from the church, anyone known, they come and offer something. Okay, let us sit down, discuss, put everything in writing, then we will start. Then there is no confusion. Everything is clear, clean, and people are happy. So without any agreement without a contract, we don't enter into any kind of engagement. So that's part of our policy. It's very important. This is how we work. Then there are guidelines for volunteer teams, various specific teams and so on. There are guidelines and the guidelines basically say, you know, how should things be done? And the guideline documents are also helpful when you're training new people and make sure that there is quality and consistency regardless of who does the work, the output should be good and it should be the same standard. So having these guidelines and operating documents are very, very important. So I keep reminding our people, please write it down, document it, please. From time to time, we have to update those documents as we keep improving. The same thing is true for how we do a different work like graphics. So the way that every week we are producing graphics, if we don't follow certain standards, then big to big things will look very different. Suddenly it's this size, suddenly it's that big size, suddenly, you know, why are these people not being consistent in the way they are doing their work, their videos or their graphics or books as well. So if we have standards established, it will all look very nice. For example, all of our APC books, if we follow a standard, the book cover has to be like this, the name has to be here, the back cover has to be like this, these things that the inside cover has to be like this. So we have a written standard. So doesn't matter who joins the team, they read it and they follow. So it doesn't matter who's doing the work, the end result is okay, the book looks the same. There's a consistent look and feel to all the books we print. So it makes things look good. So similarly with the videos and graphics and so on. So the importance of having standards. So now our question which sometimes has come up is, believe us, may view policies, guidelines and standards as legalism. You're not giving any place for the Holy Spirit to give me some inspiration to do something different. I feel I had to follow only this, why can't I just be led by the Spirit and do as I please or as I feel led by the Spirit. So how do we help, first of all, how do we help people accept that there are policies, standards and guidelines and how do we give room for the leading of the Holy Spirit when we have set certain policies, standards and guidelines. So these are questions. So the first thing is, the first question is when we help believers understand that, understand why we are having these policies. It is to help us become better. It is not to control us. It is not to put a law upon us, but it is to help us all function well, to help in decision making, to help the work be of a certain quality. So the standards are actually helping us. It's not controlling helping us, but within the work we do, as long as you're following the guidelines, you are still listening to the Holy Spirit. You're still being led by the Spirit. So example, think about the graphics person. If he's going to do some graphics for a certain event, he can listen to God. He can, how he does the graphic is fine. But he has to follow certain standards. The picture has, it has to be this size, it has to be this dimensions, this big and so many pixels, etc., all that. He has to follow that. But within that is room for freedom to improve, do what you do. So these standards and policies, they are actually helping us. They're serving us. They're not controlling us. And within that, there is room for creativity and freedom to do things. Is that okay? You are with me so far? Question? Okay. Any question? Yes, sir. Go ahead. So somebody in the congregation offered a place or did they say they're going to give it for rent or they just said you can use it. So when they offered it to the, when they spoke to the pastor and said you can use it, they did not say give rent. They just said use it for the church. Then they use it for the church. And the author is taking the church. So what has happened is the church has taken the place, invested into that place by doing all the interior work, soundproofing everything. But nothing has been signed. So you've done all the work. After you've done the work, some problems have happened. Then I told them still some of the work has been done. Then she told I did some of the meetings. So after everything was done, they said you have to start paying rent. So they kept increasing the rent and nothing has been signed. Oh, so they can ask for anything? So they're asking for lots of money. And then when they're not, they're asking for some huge amount, if you're not able to pay, leave it less. Okay, leave it less. So because of the... So that was the same thing. So the main problem was there was no agreement signed before taking the place. Nothing was written. So they could really, once you've gone inside, once you've done all the work, interior work, they just kept asking more and more money. And when you were not able to pay the money, they said leave the place. And they never paid anything for what you've done inside. They didn't pay anything. So it's a big loss. I think that's, thank you for sharing that, but that's a big lesson for all of us. So before we go into any place, we have to, even if it's somebody from the congregation, we have to have a written rental agreement, discuss, write it down, only then go inside. Because people can also change. And even though they're from the congregation... So we have to pay the rent. We have to pay the rent. We have to pay the rent. So that was a big deal. It took a long time to get paid, but other than that, it was a big deal. Any questions from online students? Any thoughts? We just had one of us here sharing a practical experience as a pastor. Because there was no rental agreement, there were sort of problems that happened later on with somebody from the congregation. So what we are stressing is the importance of having policies, guidelines, standards, and having them written down. I'm just sharing from what we practice that we never take a place without rental agreement. We don't just do things based on people's words and so on, because as was shared in this example, things can change and they can put everybody else in trouble. So let's just move forward. Some other things on the same topic. So this whole idea that having policies, guidelines, and standards is legalism. It's something that we will have to respond to among our staff or among the people, the congregation. We need to let them know that these policies, guidelines, and standards are important. They are for our benefit and they don't intend to control us. So we have to help them understand why we have it. And there is freedom as long as you don't do things that are detrimental to the organization. So within that space, each one is free to serve. So let me just share some other examples. And many of these things we learned over time, sometimes we learned through our own mistakes. So for example, and this has to do with how do we work with other organizations, especially I'm thinking of organizations from overseas. So one of the, and I'm just sharing some practical examples. So one of the decisions we made at all people's church when we started was we will not be dependent on any money from overseas from outside India. We're going to do everything with the funds that we have within here that comes through our own people within India. And we're going to operate like that. So that was a decision we made even before we started the church, that this is how we're going to do it. It's going to be 100% indigenous organization. We will not receive any money from outside India. Now, so that was a thought and that was a policy. And we follow that. But then just to share some what happened. And maybe a few years in, like maybe about when we were not third year or fourth year, I don't remember exactly. We had a big church from overseas from the US. The person, I mean, there's some contact and they were willing to give money to do some work in our city. And I think it was like, you know, to remember correctly, the goal was like to start some sort of a coffee shop or some urban ministry like in the city, something that's relevant for the city. So that was like an opportunity coming to us. But the question was how are we going to work? And one of the things that was very clear was that for me, I had to be very careful that somebody wants to come and do something in in Bangalore, it's up to them. If they want to work with us, fine, but we want to be very clear that they're not going to take over the leadership of what we are doing. So that was one example where I simply wrote back and said, See, if you want to give money to do something here, that's fine. But we want to be very clear that the control of all people's church will not come under that big, you know, that big church, that's a big mega church from the US. People will be running by ourselves and so I made it very clear and then that actually ended everything. Like they didn't take it forward from there. They just left us. And so we never got involved. So like that, we've had a couple of other experiences where we've had organizations from overseas come and I had to be very clear as a policy that, you know, you can be, they can come and you can, you know, if you want to attend or people search, you're welcome to attend. If you want to serve our policies, the leadership of every team will be our own people, indigenous. Because what I observed and this happened in the past was they'll come, they'll do something and after two years they leave. And when they leave, if they were leading that ministry, everything is gone. And then all the time and effort that we've invested is all gone. So then I learned from those mistakes and then we put a policy in place that any ministry we start, even if they come to serve in that ministry, like I'm talking about a ministry from overseas, the leadership will be our local leadership. Somebody from our church will lead it so that if they go on which most often they will leave after two years, they'll go back because we are leading it, we can continue that. So that was something because we learned through mistakes and then we put that policy in place that this is a real function. If anybody from overseas wants to come and do something, this is how it will happen. But then many of them don't like that because when they come, they want to lead it. But this is sorry, that's not the way we even work. If it's something you're doing with us, we will leave the book. You work under our leadership because very often after two years, three years, they will pack up and go back. Then what will happen to that ministry if they are leading? So that's again a policy that in how we work with overseas ministries, some learning lessons we have to learn and therefore put certain policies in place in working with overseas ministries. So we have to be careful in that area. And also partnering with other ministries, we are careful that we will bless them and how they wish to work with us, it's fine. But we will not interfere in their functioning and we will not let them interfere in how we function. So we will not go in and start telling them how to do things. We respect that organization's way of working and we expect them also to respect how we work. So then we can work together without interfering in each other's internal matters. Be very careful in those things. So when we have these policies, guidelines and standards, then it also helps us work with other organizations, whether they are overseas or other organizations within our country. It's very clear we don't interfere in their matters. They won't interfere in our matters, but we're working together for the same, for the cause of God's kingdom. So we partner with many other mission organizations around the country, but it's very clear how we work with them. Any questions on this thing, on this subject from those online? Yes, comments, please go ahead. Yes, Pastor, it's not a question. It is an experience. Please go ahead. Yeah, in 2017, we happened to rent an institution like a school that was fading from its owner. And why I'm so appreciative of this course is that of this very course is that we learnt the hard way. Maybe I should say that we learnt the lesson in the hardest way. The owner leased the entire property to us and it was a contract of five years and it was collapsing. It was indeed in a limbo. So we made a foolish contract with them. They gave us the accounts. We had to maintain the name of the school and we maintained the accounts. So she wrote a document and it looks kind of confusing. She was a pastor, so she made for us a document and we were allowed to sign money from the accounts. So this was the biggest blunder we made. After some time when money was on the account like around, it was not much, but it was much on our side then. It was like 25,000 USD. She out of the blue removed us from the accounts. We had no access on the accounts. And when we were like, and she always was monitoring the accounts down there because the person was the one who had opened up the account. Her number was down there and we wouldn't see because foolishly when we were writing on the checks, we thought that everything was under control. By the time we brought in our lawyer, the lawyers of the bank and her lawyers, we were tossed. We were down under the carpet. They said no, this is our client. She gave us a document that you would sign on the account, but now she has written another one. So that it took us a while to survive that one. So even when you're going into the accounts, I mean into the contract, you must have genuine lawyers to make for you the legal documents. And those people who can't change themselves, usually when you're in a foreign country or you might buy off somebody, but when that person is also working for the other organization, when you don't know, they usually put there some tricks. So I'm so delightful that maybe it is now six, seven years down the road, but we are still suffering from that very loss. Because it was a very big institution, but it was collapsing. It was like entering like a hundred, 13,000 per month, I mean per four years, 13,000 USD, I mean per four months. But by the time we left after three years, it was in 60,000.  So thank you so much. And I think my colleagues will learn from that. It is clear that they should make contracts with genuine people and from people who are educated. Otherwise, they will be crying in the darkness one day. Thank you, Pastor. Thank you. Thank you, Collins, for sharing that experience. Yeah, I think that's a very valid point, which adds to what, you know. So I was only saying you should have a contract, but I think Collins said, you know, very, very important. Make sure the contract is right. Check the contract. Have some, you know, qualified people check the contract. Because even when we write it, I mean, even if you have a written contract, it has to be tight. Things cannot be changed, modified. We have to be very careful because, you know, not everybody, even though we are church, we are ministry, not everybody is going to treat us kindly. You know, sometimes they take advantage of us.  And they'll use, take advantage of us from that perspective. So very valid point. Contracts must be checked and legally verified. Yeah, thank you. So think about these things when, when for your church, for your organization, it is hard work.  You know, it's so much easier that, oh, don't worry, just trust everybody and do it. But actually, that might get us into a lot of trouble, as Colin Collins was sharing. So all that is hard work. We must make sure that, you know, we put everything down in writing. And then it'll save us and save all the others involved in the ministry. Okay. So let's take a little break now for 10 minutes, come back. And then we'll get into our next lesson, lesson number six on systems and processes. And just, we'll go through on how do we set up good systems and processes within the organization. Thank you. Let's come back in 10 minutes.


Lesson 20 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recorded by Nicholas James Bridgewater. The Esperanto teacher. A simple course for Nungramarians by Helen Friar. Lesson 20. The words Have already been met with. They belong to a series whose use will best be seen from the following examples. Me admiras la roson, te afloro la play, placas al me. What kind of flower is the most beautiful? Any kind, and every kind of flower is beautiful. No kind is ugly. I admire the rose. That kind of flower pleases me the most. Why is he going? Will he go to Paris? I know not, for some reason he is going. But for every reason, on every account, it would be better to remain in London. He wishes to go, therefore, for that reason, he will go. When will you come to visit me? Whenever I come, whenever I have a free time. You always have a free time. I don't know. After tomorrow is a party. Whenever I come. When will you come to visit me? Sometimes I will come. When, at what time, I shall have a holiday. You always, at all times, have a holiday. I never, at no time. The day after tomorrow will be a festival, a general holiday. I will come then, at that time. Where is my hat? It must be somewhere. But I have looked for it everywhere, and nowhere can I find it. Ha! Now I see it there. How will you do this? I do not know. I have tried in every way to do it, but I have in no way, not at all, succeeded. John succeeded in some way, somehow. Perhaps he did it so, in such a way. Yes. Possession. Whose duty is this? Perhaps it is that one's, that person's. Doubtless it is somebody's. Everybody's duty is nobody's. I thing. What displeases you? Now nothing displeases me. All is well. Three days ago something greatly displeased me, but I'm not speaking about that now. I am quantity. How much money do you need? I have so much, that quantity. I can lend you some, but not all.  I, denotes individuality, person, or thing specified. Who are you? Everyone who was invited was you, not anyone else. I, whom I remember, come with someone who visited you yesterday. It will be seen from these examples that the words beginning with k, ko, either ask questions or refer to some person or thing before mentioned. Those beginning with t, to, point to a definite time, place, etc. Those with c, with a circumflex, chore, signify each or every, and in a plural, all. Those without a letter prefixed are indefinite, meaning some or any, and those with nen, are negative, meaning no, none. The words ending in i, and those in iu, can take the plural yo, and accusative no. The words in i, take no, but the sense does not permit of their taking yo. The words in i, take the no, denoting direction. The word chi, signifying nearness, is used with the tall series. Words meaning that, to denote the one near, i.e. this, as d, or chi, this thing. ti, u, chi, this person, ti, ye, chi, or chi, ti, ye, here, etc. The word ein, ever, is used with the core series, to give a more inclusive and wider meaning. As ki, or ein, whatever, ki, u, ein, whoever, ki, am, ein, whenever, ki, om, ein, however much. Comparisons of equality are made with the words, ti, el, ki, el, as, vi, estas, ti, el, forta, ki, el, mi, you are as strong, as I. ti, kia, as, ti, domo, kia, ti, u, estas malofta, such a house, as that, is rare. sama, kia, as, mia bastono, estas, tia, sama, kia, la via. My stick is the same as yours. sama, kia, el, as, dia usado, estas, tia, sama, kia, el, en la aliai lingvoi. Its use is the same as in the other languages. vi, kia, am, la borrada, sal, ti, usa, ma, tse, lo, ki, el, mi. You are always working towards the same end as I. Any of the above series of words whose sense admits of it can be used as adjectives, adverbs, etc., and in combination with prefixes, suffixes, or other words, as qia, ma, continual, eternal. dia, of that place. qia, ma, is used for asking the time, as qia, ma, oro, estas. What time is it? correlative words quality kind of indefinite iya some kind any kind iya questioning relative kia what kind kia definite tia that kind such tia inclusive qia each kind every kind qia negative nenea no kind nenea motive reason purpose indefinite iyal for some reason for any reason iyal questioning relative kia for what reason why kia definite tia for that reason therefore tia inclusive qia for each reason for every reason qia negative nenea for no reason nenea time indefinite iya some time any time iya questioning relative kia at what time when kia definite tia at that time then tiam inclusive qiam each time every time always qiam negative nenea at no time never nenea place indefinite iya in some place somewhere anywhere iya questioning relative kia at what place where kia definite tia at that place there tia inclusive qia at each place at every place everywhere qia negative nenea at no place nowhere nenea manner indefinite iya in some way in any way somehow anyhow iya questioning relative kia in what way how as like kiel definite tiel in that way so tiel inclusive qiel in each way in every way qiel negative nenea in no way know how nenea possession indefinite iya someone anyone iya questioning relative kia what persons who's qies definite ties that ones ties inclusive qies each ones every ones qies negative nenea no ones nenea thing indefinite iya something anything iya questioning relative kia what thing what kia definite tiel that thing tiel inclusive qiel everything qie negative nenea nothing nenea quantity indefinite iya some of the quantity iya questioning relative kia what quantity how much qiyom definite tiyom that quantity so much tiyom inclusive qiyom every quantity all of the quantity qiyom negative nenea none of the quantity nenea kiyom individuality indefinite iya someone anyone iya questioning relative kia what person which thing who which kia definite tiyom that person that specified thing tiyom inclusive qiyom each person everyone qiyom qiyom means all all the negative nenea no one nobody nenea vocabulary uncro anchor uncro maniero manner way maniero reprocho reproach reprocho conscienzo conscience conscienzo probono proposal offer probono rondo edge rondo ship ship ship double doubt double demand question demand admire admire admire blach be pleasing blach suppose suppose suppose prove attempt try prove sukces succeed sukces berd lose berd merit deserve merit comprend understand comprend libera free libera certa certain sure certa utila useful utila fremda strange fremda necesa necessary necesa exter beyond outside exter iya lamaro estastille pliprofunda olpovasa tingi iya angro en iya maniero sen iya riprocio de concienzo miscias en kia loco mi certa lindrovos kia estas lavetero kian malbonon mi alvi faris tia maniere li faris cion li invitis linveni en tian kai tian loco ne cia biirdokantas exter cia dubo ne nia homo meritas tian bonon tia libroi estas malutila iya foie li visitis nin iyal iyal li ne povis dormi kia alvi ne respondas almi mi ne comprenis fien demandon tia almi ne respondis la homo i ne comprenas unu la alian kai tia al ilitenasin fremde cia al tio estas la plebona iya iya mi iya vinamis kio vivas ne cesa devas iya morti kiam vi furiros en la luna nocto kiam tio i dormis tiam shisidis sur la rando de la shippo estu por ciam benata shian tauen nia vidis hundon nai is dipler there than any anchor can reach in some way in any way without any reproach of conscience i know in what sort of place i shall certainly find him what kind of weather is it what harm have i done to you in that way he did everything he invited him to things. Beyond all doubt, no kind of man deserves such a punishment. Such books are harmful. At times he visits us. For some reason he could not sleep. Why do you not answer me? I did not understand your question, therefore I did not answer. People do not understand one another and therefore they hold themselves aloof. For every reason that is the best. I once loved you. What lives must of necessity sometime die? When shall you go away? In the moonlight night when all were asleep then she sat on the edge of the ship. Be forever blessed. She had never seen a dog before. Vocabulary 20a. Mono. Money. Mono. Monuio. Purse. Monuio. Yunezzo. Youth. Yunezzo. Reto. Net. Reto. Ideo. Idea. Ideo. Gaino. Gain. Gaino. Taug. Be fit. Suitable. Taug. Fart. Be fair as to health. Fart. Monto. Mountain. Monto. Ganto. Glove. Ganto. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio. Opinio.  Where are the boys? Where did you go? I am staying here. He lost his purse somewhere in the town, but where he lost it he does not know. I willingly came from there here. He begged her to tell him when she came, when she comes. For youth there are snares everywhere. Everywhere are flowers, and nowhere can one find more beautiful ones. How beautiful! Am I fit for a king? So finished the happy day. They shone like diamonds. How are you? Somehow he misunderstood me. My wife thought the same as I. I cannot understand at all what you say. Very strange and quite incomprehensible. I as president elected him. I chose him as president. Whose love is this? I never take that one's opinion. Suddenly she heard somebody's loud, disagreeable voice. Everybody's idea is different. A good friend without whose help he would never have seen this land. Somebody's loss is not always somebody's gain. Somebody's loss is often no one's gain. Vocabulary 20b. Ornamo. Ornament. Ornamo. Pupilo. Pupil of I. Pupilo. Centimo. Centim. Centimo. Forto. Strength. Power. Forto. Strength. Power. Strength. Strength. Strength. Forto. Strength. Power. Forto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Nesto. Gusto, taste, gusto, oculo, ay, oculo, chino, Chinese, chino, Decido, decision, decido, ced, give up, yield, seed, ced, for las, forsake, leave, for las, prudenta, reasonable, prudent, prudenta, firma, firm, stable, firma, sterling, sterling, contrao, against, opposite, contrao, bra, for, owing to, bra, hio, mi sentas qu'e llo o casas, ne mia mijon alvidonis, mi volas fare alvi ion bonan, kio tio ci estas, kia urnamo tio cerstas, kio on mi vidas, tyo ci estas I didn't have a seat for you, I didn't have anything to do with my mother, first of all I was faithful to you. She felt something that she couldn't even understand. I didn't have anything. She spoke something terrible. The pupils of the eyes, something after something, grew up. What is so prudent that they can believe it? What demon do you have? I don't have anything. Give me that water, what wine? Some, some wine, what is it? Do you have any courage to do that? All the pain without knowing what she could do. Language, in which she didn't understand anything. She didn't know anything about the drone. She didn't know anything helped even for a cent. We went all the way. I didn't know anything about that. That she was super all the people. I feel that something is happening. Never did I give you anything. I wish to do something good for you. What is this? What kind of ornament is this? What do I see? This is all I spoke of. I will give up nothing to you.  Before all be faithful to yourself. She began to feel something such as she herself in the beginning could not understand. She spoke a little angrily.  Who is so unreasonable or senseless that he can believe it? How much money have you? I have none. Give me as much water as wine. Somebody comes, who is it? Would anybody have the courage to do that? Everybody tried to save himself as he could. A language in which nobody will understand us. None of them could save the drowning person. He helped nobody ever, never helped anybody, even with one centime. We shall go all together. I know nobody in that town. This is beyond all human strength. Twenty-six. From where do I see myself? How? And why? I can only answer. I don't know. We asked him to wait for something with his car. Such Chinese often are bigger than the houses of the other people. He was forced to make a firm decision to leave for always such an ungrateful land. If anyone saw that, he would lose his fortune. I gave a hundred pounds of sterling. If Bovalango could have for me that good taste as for you, who will you be? I shall do it. What to exercise? Where I am travelling from, whether and why, I can only answer. I know not. They begged him to delay a little with his departure. These nests are often larger than the huts of the people of that place. He departed with a firm resolve to leave for ever this ungrateful land. If anyone were to see that, he would curse fortune. I would give a hundred pounds sterling, if ox tongue could have for me such a good taste as for you. What time is it? Nearly twelve o'clock. End of Lesson 20 Lesson 21 of The Esperanto Teacher This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org The Esperanto Teacher A simple course for non-grammarians by Helen Fryer, Lesson 21 The suffixes egg and et. The suffixes egg and et are opposites. Egg denotes a great size or degree, and et a small size or degree, of that which the word signifies, as domo, a house, domego, a mansion, dometo, a cottage, snuro, a cord, snurego, a rope, snureto, a string, monto, a mountain, montego, a huge mountain, monteto, a hill, ami, to love, amegi, to idolize, ameti, to have a liking for, Ridi, to laugh, Rideghi, to shout with laughter, to go for, Rideghi, to smile. Egg and et denote a greater or smaller size or degree than is expressed by very large or very small.  En varmega tago, mi amas promeni en arbaro. On a hot day, I like to walk in a wood. Con bruo, oni malfermes la pordegon, cae la calesho, enveturis en la corto. They open the gate noisily, and the carriage drove into the courtyard. Tio chi estas jam nes simpla pluvo, sed pluvego. This is no longer a simple rain, but a downpour. Grandega hundo metis surmencien antawan piedegon, cae mi de teruro nes siis kion fari. A huge dog put its forepour on me, and from terra I did not know what to do. Antawnia militistaro, staris granda serio dal pafilegoi. Before our armies stood a great series of cannon. En tio nocto blovis terura ventego. In that night a terrible gale blew. Con plesorego, with delight, li desireges denove foriri, he longed to go away again. Tui pos la heito, la forno estis varmega. Post unu horo, ji estis nur varma. Post two horoi, ji estis nur ium varmeta. Cae pos tri horoi, ji estis jam tute malvarma. Immediately after heating the stove was hot. In an hour it was only warm. In two hours it was only just warm, and after three hours it was already quite cold. I bought for the children a little table and some little seats. In our country there are no mountains, but only hills. In summer we find coolness in thick woods. He sits near the table and doses. A narrow path leads through this field to our house. On his face I saw a joyful smile. Before the woman appeared a pretty little dog. Pardon, he whispered. End of Lesson 21 Lesson 22 of The Esperanto Teacher This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians by Helen Fryer Lesson 22 The Suffix Il The suffix il denotes the instrument by means of which something is done, as razi to shave, razillo a razor, rigli to bolt, riglillo a bolt, butero butter, buterillo a churn, curazzi to treat as a doctor, curatzillo a medicine. Lesson 23 The Cabulary viando meat or flesh viando posho pocket posho corko cork the substance corko argento silva argento telero plate telero sano health sano butero butter butero hack chop or hue hack seg so seg fos dig fos kudr so kudr tond clip or shear tond comb comb stop stop up stop schlos lock schlos glit to glide or slide glit direct direct steer defect damage defect montre show montre pess to weigh something pess tear draw pull tear vetur drive in a vehicle vetur frosta frosty frosta magneta magnetic magneta per haquillo nihacas with or by means of an axe we chop per haquillo nihacas perseguillo nisegas with a saw we saw perseguillo nisegas perfosillo nifosas with a spade we dig perfosillo nifosas per kudrillo nico dras with a needle we saw per kudrillo nico dras per tondillo nitondas with scissors we clip per tondillo nitondas la tranquillo estis tiel malacra che mi ne povis tranci pergi la viandon ca mi devis usi mi an porcian tranquillo the knife was so blunt that i could not cut the meat with it and i had to use my pocket knife chuvihavas kuktyrillo nporma stopi la botellon have your corkscrew to uncork the bottle mi volis schlosi la porton sed mi pertis la schlosillo n i wish to unlock the door but i had lost the key she combas al silaharoyn per argenta cumbillo she combs her hair with a silver comb en somero niveturas per diversa vetorilloi ca in ventro per glit vetorillo in summer we travel by various vehicles and in winter by a sledge today it is beautiful frosty weather therefore i shall take my skates and go skating la directilisto de pinta defectis la directillo the steersman of the pinta injured the rudder la magneta montrillo the magnetic needle la unua montrillo en la playmultima sanoy estas la lango the first indicator in most illnesses is the tongue limetis gin sulla teleron de persillo he put it on the plate of a pair of scales and of lesson 22 lesson 23 of the esperanto teacher this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by Helen Fryer lesson 23 the suffixes an and est the suffix an signifies a member or an inhabitant of a country town etc or a member of a party society religion etc europeano a european londonano a londonur urbo a town or city urbano a citizen clubo a club clubano a member of a club ano a member est denotes the head of a state town society etc regno a state regnestro a ruler of a state urbestro the head of a town a mayor lernayo a school lernay estro the principal or headmaster of a school imperio an empire imperiestro an emperor vocabulary pariso paris pariso regno state regno imperio empire imperio polizio poliz polizio christ christ christ luterro luther luterro calvino calvin calvino germano german germano franzo frenchman franzo rossuio russia rossuio province province province religio religion religio regimento regimento regimento locomotivo engine locomotivo logio box at the opera or lodge for a freemason etc villagio village villagio oba to buy oba confess confess a vow acknowledge profess confess enir to enter enir rusa sharp o cunning rusa sufficia sufficient sufficia ordinara ordinary ordinara naiva simple naiva saja wise saja severe strict or severe severe just just righteous justa e galla equal e galla fiera proud fiera energia energetic energia la shippanoi devas obey la shippestron the sailors must obey the captain all the inhabitants of a state are citizens of the state urbanoi e stas ordinara e pli rusa e ol villagianoi townsfolk are usually sharper than villages the parisians are gay folk our town has good policemen but not as sufficiently energetic chief constable kvankam i li ne estas russoi germans and frenchmen who live in russia are russian subjects although they are not russians li estas nelerda kay naiva provizano he is an awkward and simple provincial la lojantoi de uno regno estas sam regnanoi la lojantoi de uno urbo estas samurbanoi la confesantoi de uno religio estas sam religianoi the inhabitants of one state are fellow countrymen the inhabitants of one town are fellow citizens the professors of one religion are co-religionists tiui kiui havas la samain ideoi estas samideanoi those who have the same ideas are fellow thinkers the ruler of our country is a good and wise king the governor of our province is strict but just a regimental chief colonel is like a good father to his soldiers i li estas egale fiera ki il domestrino prisia domo they are as proud as a housewife of her house on the engine the engine driver sat alone the emperor accompanied by the empress had just entered his box and of lesson 23 lesson 24 of the esperanto teacher this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by helen fryer lesson 24 suffixes are and air the suffix are signifies a collection of the persons or things named as arbo a tree arbaro a wood homo a human being homaro mankind militisto a soldier from militio war militistaro an army vorto a word vortaro a dictionary vortareto a vocabulary are a flock and are a company or troop air signifies a particle or one of things of which the name denotes a mass as graino corn granero a grain of corn polvo dust polvero a speck of dust pulvo gunpowder pulvero a grain of gunpowder halo hail heilero a hailstone neggio snow negero a snowflake koto mud cotero a speck of mud or dirt vocabulary pulvo gunpowder pulvo stupo step stare stupo tegmento roof tegmento herbo grass herbo bruto root beast head of cattle bruto lano wool lano persona person persona floreno florin floreno shillingo shilling shillingo pencil penny pencil glass or glass or tumbler glass or brando brandy brando tucco a cloth tucco telertuketo a soviet telertuketo snoro a cord snoro sablo sand sablo shafo a sheep shafo fire a fire fire met to put or set met pashed to feed or cause to feed to pasture pashed sec to follow sec bar obstruct bar battle battle fight battle explode explode explode brava brave brava cruta steep cruta hispana spanish hispana vast vast spacious vast pretzipe chiefly particularly pretzipe prescau almost prescau inter between among inter our country will conquer for our army is large and brave on a steep ladder he raised himself to the roof of the house i do not know the spanish language but by help of a spanish german dictionary i nevertheless understood your letter a little on these vast and grassy fields feed great herds of beasts especially flocks of fine world sheep la vagonaro consistis prescau nur el person vagonoy the train consisted almost entirely of passenger coaches on imetis and tell me manjilaron q consistis el telero culero tranquilo forco glasseto por brando glasob por vino cai telertuketo they put before me a cover table requisites which consisted of a plate spoon knife fork a small glass for brandy a glass for wine and a serviet on the sea was a great ship and among the rigging everywhere sat sailors his escort stood at the back of the box dark ranges of mountains by the way a grain of sand fell into my eye uno feirero esta sufecha por explodigi pulvo one spark is enough to explode gunpowder and of lesson 24 lesson 25 of the esperanto teacher this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by helen fryer lesson 25 the suffix ul the suffix ul denotes a person characterized by the quality etc which the word expresses as just righteous yostulo one who is just babili to chatter babilulo one who chatters a babla avara avaricious avarulo a miser con with conolo a companion vocabulary legend legend ombro shadow ombro righto right authority righto profeto profit profeto mensogo a lie mensogo tag manj to dine tag manj entrepren to undertake entrepren propra own propra avara avaricious avara potenza powerful potenza infecta infectious infecta che at or with che malricha saggulo tag manjis che avara richulo a poor wise man dined with a miserly rich man here's a liar and a despicable man timulo timas etch sian propran ombro a coward fears even his own shadow this old man has become quite silly and childish uno instruitulo entreprenis gravan stienzan laboron learned man undertook an important scientific work only saints have the right to enter here li solo estas la grandulo la potenzulo he only is the great the powerful it isn't the legend about the beautiful zanbaida post infecta malzano oni often bruliga slavesto in de la malzano lo after an infectious disease the clothes of the patient are often burnt la malveno della profeto staras super la capo de maldan culo the curse of the prophet is over the head of an ungrateful one post calcai minuto la cura giulo el iris after a few minutes the brave man went out all the saints help and of lesson 25 lesson 26 of the esperanto teacher this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for further information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org the esperanto teacher a simple course for non-grammarians by helen fryer lesson 26 the following words which have already been used in the previous lessons are always placed before nouns or pronouns to show the relation of position etc between the thing for which the noun stands and another thing or an action al to towards upward beside near by da of indefinite quantity de of from by l out of n in into within x dead outside jis until till as far as inter between among contrao against opposite kun in company with lau according to bear by means of with post after behind pre concerning about poor for for the sake of sen without super above or over sur on or upon tr through truns across on the other side yeah has no definite meaning these words are called prepositions which means placed before the other simple prepositions are and start out instead of until before chair at or with chirka about or around chrome besides except malgro not withstanding in spite of po at the rate of pro for as in a cause or owing to preter past beyond by spite in despite of sub under the prepositions and start out until all and poor are also used before infinitive verbs as and start out diddy instead of saying before speaking in order to learn in esperanto all the prepositions except yeah have a definite meaning and care must be taken to use the one which conveys the exact sense the same word cannot be used for with in the two sentences he went with his father and he cut it with a knife or for about in he spoke about his child and they stood about the stove in the first example with as in with his father is corn in company with and with a knife is per by means of the transition per tranquilo about in about his child is pre concerning the paroles pre si a infano but about in about the stove is chirka around it is star is chirka la forno when we cannot decide which is the correct preposition to use in any case we may use yeah the only preposition which has no special meaning of its own or the preposition may be left out altogether and n added to the noun or pronoun provided that no want of clearness ensues see lesson 27 as me read us pro lia naivetso or me read us yeah lia naivetso or me read us lia naivetso i laugh at his simplicity when we wish to express motion towards something and the preposition does not of itself express it n is added to the noun or pronoun as in the case of adverbs see or listen to lesson 12 lii astas en la dormo he is in the house but lii eras en la dormon he is going into the house note there are three cases in which the noun or pronoun takes n one when it is the direct object of the verb as me be distlin i saw him two to show direction as lii radius and la Giardenon, he went into the garden. Three, when the preposition is left out. This is usually done in the case of dates and expressions signifying duration of time, as Gheorghe Washington estes nascita la due d'et due de februaro de la yaro mil sepsant tridectu. George Washington was born the 22nd of February 1732. Virestos tieci la tutan vivon, dum la tuta vivo. You will remain here the whole of your life. All the prepositions whose meaning allows of it can be used as adjectives, adverbs etc. by adding the proper endings, as from antau, before we get antaua, former antaue, formally or previously, and antauen forward. Prepositions are also joined to other words and to prefixes or suffixes, as antaudiri, to fortale, apudmara urbo, a seaside town, senigi, to deprive of. Sometimes the preposition is both prefix to the verb and used after it before the noun, as li eliris el la domo cae eniris en la giardenon. He went out of the house and entered into the garden. End of Lesson 26. Lesson 27 of The Esperanto Teacher This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians by Helen Fryer. Lesson 27. Al Al signifies to or towards a person or place. It is also used before the noun or pronoun which signifies a person after such verbs as give, tell, etc., which take two objects in different relations to the verb, as give him or give to him the book, dono ali la Libron. Tell him or tell to him the truth, diru ali la veron. Write or write to him a letter, scribo ali letteron. In such cases we can say pardonulin, pardon him, if the thing or the object is not mentioned, but we cannot say pardonulin la culpon, forgive him his fault, it must be pardonuli la culpon. The pronoun with al is sometimes used instead of the possessive pronoun adjective mia, etc., as mi trancis al mi la fingron, for mi trancis mi an fingron, I cut my finger. She combis al si la haroin, instead of she combis si ain haroin, she combed her hair. Al is frequently used as a prefix as well as after the verb as al doni, to add, al preni, adopt, ali gi, to add, al new gi, to award. Vocabulary, sor chisto, sorcerer, sor chisto, detranche, cut off, detranche, promes, promes, promes, and bow, both and bow. She revenis al la palazzo de si a patro, she returned to her father's palace. Ili ambau iris al la urbestro, they both went to the mare. Tu mi ne faris al vi bonon? Did I not do you good? She ne nion al Ili racontis, she told them nothing, she scribis ali letteron, she wrote him a letter. Every day he teaches the people something which they do not know. Ili flugis al la suono, they flew towards the sun. One sister promised the other to tell her what she saw and what most pleased her the first day. Eble li al vi padonos, perhaps he will forgive you. She ne creris al siai propri oreloi, she did not believe her own ears. He did not know that he had to thank her for his life. She savis ali la vivon, she saved his life. The witch cut off the tongue of the mermaid. End of lesson 27, lesson 28 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording, all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher, a simple course for non-grammarians by Helen Fryer. Lesson 28, chair and upward. Chair indicates a certain place, time or point of thought, discourse, etc., as li estis ciemia patro, he was with my father or at my father's house. C'è la momento, at the moment, li estis c'è la porto, he was at the door, c'esti, to be present. Appod means close by or beside, it applies to place only, as la knabo staris apod la patro, the boy stood by or beside the father, vocabulary, fundo, bottom, fundo, braco, arm, braco, torcho, torch, torcho, serpento, serpent, serpento, statuo, statue, statuo, salico, willow, salico, hult, stop, halt, hult, ramp, creep, crawl, ramp, plant, to plant, plant, multicosta, precious, valuable, multicosta, au, au, either, or, au, au. Milogis c'è c'ia patro, I lived with her father. C'i falis sulla fundo de la maro c'è la rompigio de la shipo, it fell to the bottom of the sea on the breaking up of the ship, c'è l'humo de torchoi, by the light of torches, braco c'è braco, arm in arm, captis lin calcatimo c'è la penso, there seized him some fear at the thought, nénio helpas, oni devas nur curag'i resti c'è c'ia opinio, nothing helps, one must only bravely remain of one's own opinion. C'i ridis c'è l'ia racontado, she laughed at his recital.  Li haltis apud la porto, he stopped near the door. The serpent crawled about her feet. When he was with me he stood a whole hour by the window. Milogis en arbo apud via domo, I lived in a tree near your house. C'i plantis apud la statua rosa rujan salicon, she planted near the statue a rose red willow. La apud voye arboy, the wayside trees. End of lesson 28, lesson 29 of The Esperanto Teacher. This is a LibriVox recording, all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher, a simple course for non-Gramarians, by Helen Fryer, lesson 29. En. En means in inside, when however the letter en is added to the noun which it precedes, it means into, as c'i aviestas, mi estas en la domo, c'ien vi iras, mi iras en la giardenon. Where are you? I'm in the house. Where are you going? I'm going into the garden. Malamico venis en nian landon, an enemy came into our country. Vocabulary. Turn to turn, turn, divide, divide, divide. La birdo flugas en la ciambro, c'i estas en la ciambro, c'ai flugas en gi. The bird flies in the room. The bird is in the room, and it flies about in it. The bird flies into the room. It is outside the room, and now flies into it. Mi voyagas en hispanullo, I'm travelling in Spain. I'm travelling to Spain. What is there to do in such a case? I'm in good humour. He whispered to the queen in the air. I prefer to stay here in peace. Her birthday was exactly in the middle of winter. He glanced into the child's eyes. He was a tall, handsome man of the age of 40 years. In la dowro de mia tuta vivo, in the whole of my life, at the end of the year, mano in mano, hand in hand. En rinta en la vagonon, she cedis quasi sur pingloi. Entering the carriage, she sat as if on pins. Corn is ground into flour. Alexander turned into dust. He divided the apple into two parts. End of Lesson 29. Lesson 30 of The Esperanto Teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto Teacher. A simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Friar. Lesson 30. Inter, exter and el. Inter means between, among or amongst. It is largely used as a prefix, as interparoli, to converse. Internazia, international. Interconcento, agreement. Sin intermeti, to interfere. Exter means out of, outside, as exter tangero, out of danger. It is used as a prefix, as exter ordinara, extraordinary. El means out of. It applies, one, to place, signifying motion from, as mi aliris el ladomo. I went out of the house. Two, chosen from among, as uno el mia infanoi. One of, from among my children. Three, made out of, as in tiuchi stofo estas farita el lano. This cloth is made out of wool. El is used as a prefix, and means out, outright or thoroughly, as el foci, to dig out, el lerni, to learn thoroughly. Vocabulary. Occasion, ocaso, alfabeto, alphabet, alfabeto. Divide, to divide something. Divide, product, to produce. Product, interne, inside, interne. Inter, rosuio, cae franzuio, estas germanuio. Between Russia and France is Germany. Ili dividis intersi dectu pomoin. They divided among them 12 apples. Inter la deca, cae deconua, hora, matene. Between 10 and 11 o'clock in the morning. Inter la kolonoi staris marmorei figuroi. Between the pillars stood marble figures. Acud la muro inter la fenestroi staris canapo. Near the wall between the windows stood a sofa. Longe elli parolis intersi. They talk long among themselves. This disease an hour may decide between life and death. In la intertempo inter la paroloi, ani productas artain firon. In the interval between the speeches, they set off fireworks. I'm standing outside the house and he is inside. He is outside the door. Nun n'estas exter dangero. Now we are out of danger. He lives outside town. Standing outside he could only see the outer side of our house. Li montris exteren in la malumon. He pointed outside into the darkness. This man is better outwardly than within. Li eliris ella urbo. He went out of the town. He has just returned from foreign parts. With extraordinary vivacity she jumped out of the carriage. She put a crown of white lilies on her head. These nests are made wholly of earth. She was the bravest of all. Now you have grown up. He went out of the bedroom and entered the dining room. The Esperanto alphabet consists of 28 letters. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit librivox.org. The Esperanto teacher. A simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Fryer. Let's go. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. 31. Sur means on, upon, touching. He is sitting on the sofa. Followed by the accusative with an, it means on to, as Sit down on the sofa. Influi sur la carreteron means to have influence on the character. Super means over, above, not touching. Followed by the accusative, it shows motion over and above a thing, as He threw a stone over the wall. Sub means under, underneath. The dog lay under the table. With the accusative, sub shows motion to, and beneath, as The dog ran under the table. Vocabulary. Lito, bed, lito, fructo, fruit, fructo, genuo, nei, genuo, Musso, mouse, musso, music, music, Ponto, bridge, ponto, sofa, sofa, Suprajo, surface, suprajo, Sultro, shoulder, sultro, Balance, to swing something, balance. Frappe, to strike, to slap. Influ, to have influence on. Prem, to press, prem, nudge, swim, nudge. Nobla, noble, as in quality. Nobla, alta, high, alta. I'm sitting on a seat and have my feet on a little bench. He came back with a cat on his arm. I put my hand on the table. He fell on his knees. Do not go on the bridge. He threw himself in despair on a seat. He slapped him on the shoulder and pressed him down onto the sofa. I seated myself in the place of the absent stoker. Fruit culture must influence for good those who are occupied with it. Over the earth is air. His thoughts rose high above the clouds. She received permission to rise above the surface of the sea. They could rise on the high mountains high above the clouds. She stands above on the mountain and looks down onto the field. She sat on the water and swung up and down. From under the sofa the mouse ran under the bed, and now it runs about under the bed. She often had to dive under the water. To the sound of music they danced on the deck. Under her gaze blossomed the white lilies. She sank under the water. She swam up at sunset. End of lesson 31, section 33 that is lesson 32 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher, a simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Fryer. Lesson 32, Tra trans and preter. Tra means through as Tra la trua through the whole, Tra la mondo through the world. Trans means at the other side, across, as in li logis trans la rivaero. He lives on the other side of the river. With the accusative it means to the other side, as li nagis trans la rivaeron. He swam to the other side of or across the river. Preter means past, by or beyond. It conveys the idea of coming up from behind and passing on in front. As mi passis preter via frato, or mi preter passis via frato. I passed your brother. The difference between Tra, trans and preter is clearly shown by the sentence Tra passinte la arbaron li preter passis la pregeon, Cae tiam trans passis la rivaeron per la ponta. Having passed through the wood, he passed by the church and then passed over the river by the bridge. Vocabulary. Swallow, hirundo, tunelo, tunnel, tunelo, oziano, ocean, oziano. Momento, moment, momento, abato, abit, abato. Penet, penetrate, penet, bol, boil, bol, turn, turn, a thing or oneself, turn. Largia, wide or broad, largia. Sentences. He is so stout that he cannot go through our narrow door. She looked up through the dark blue water. Tra la pallorugia aero lumis la stelo de la vespero. Through the rosy air shone the evening star. The sound of the bells penetrates down to her. They glide among the branches. Sur la cameno, interdupotoy, staras feira caldrono. El la caldrono, en qiu sin trovas o trovillas, volanta aquo, el iras vaporo, tra la fenestro qiu sin trovas o trovillas, apud la pordo, la vaporo iras sur la corto. On the fireplace between two pots stands an iron kettle. Out of the kettle, in which is boiling water, goes steam. Through the window, which is near the door, the vapor goes out into the court. La hirundo flugis trans la riveron, char trans la rivero sin trovas o trovillas alia hirundoi. The swallow flew across the river, for across, on the other side of, the river were other swallows. I li povas flugui sur shipoi trans la maron. They can fly on ships across the sea. Why did Hannibal go across the Alps? Because then, the tunnel was not yet ready. Estas ne eble che ili estu transirinta trans la ozianon, it is impossible that they should have gone across the ocean. Cio transturnigis la fundosupre. Everything was turned upside down. Ne passis pretela stazio. We passed by the station. At this moment, the abbot passes by. In passing, I asked him if it were yet twelve o'clock. The meal cannot grind with water that is passed. End of Lesson 32, Section 34, that is Lesson 33 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher. The simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Fryer, Lesson 33. Antao and post. Antao, in relation to time, means before. Nirevenos Antao Mardo. We shall return before Tuesday. In relation to place, it means in front of. Antauladomo Before the house. Before verbs, Antaul is used as lavovin Antaul manji. Wash yourself before eating. Post, in relation to time, means after. In relation to place, it means behind. Care must be taken in using Antao and post to arrange the sentence so that there can be no doubt as to whether time or place is referred to. He came before his father, in place or position, i.e. in front of his father, is Livenis Antao Sia Patro. But if before in time is meant, it must be Livenis Antaul Liapatro or Livenis Antaul Liapatro Venis. Livenis Post Sia Patro means he came behind his father. If we mean after his father came, we may use and say Livenis Post Sia Patro Venis. To express time past or ago, Antao is used as Antaul tri tagoi, three days ago. Antao longe, a long time ago. Antao ne longe, not long ago. To express in a time to come, post is used as I will come in three days. Mi venos post tri tagoi. Post ne longe, in a short time. Vocabulary. Pregeio, church, place of prayer. Pregeio. Ordo, ordo, ordo. Riccizzo, wealth. Riccizzo. Pascio, step. Pascio. Padgio, page. Padgio. Vec, to awaken, I awaken someone. Vec. Bala, sweep. Bala. Raoca, post. Raoca. Avida, iga, gridi. Avida. Ofte, often, often. Publique, publicly. Publique. Sentences. Antauli staris pregeio, before them stood a church. Antao tiui homoi estas indeparoli. Before such men, it is worthwhile to speak. Ofte, in la nocto, si staris antaula fenestro. Often in the night, she stood before the window. Mi estas peca, antauli. I'm guilty before you. Antao unuhoro, an hour ago. Antao ma longe li vechidis tre Raoca. A short time ago, he woke up very hoarse. Antao ne longe oni vendis la domon publique. Not long ago, the house was sold publicly. Ne iru, antauli vistias che cio estas in ordo. Do not go before you know that everything is in order. Mi devos la sialin el bala la ciambron, antauli ni commenzos danzi. I must let them sweep out the room before we begin to dance. Mi estis tie in la antaua yaro. I was there the previous year. Antao e mi ne nian pensis priricetso. Formally, I never thought about wealth. It was with her as the witch prophesied. Li restis post la pordo. She remained behind the door. Iom post Iom, little by little. She commencis avide legi pagion post pagio. She began eagerly to read page after page. She looked after him with a smile. Post calcai minutoi le vidis lasuno. After some minutes, the sun rose. She jetis siain bracoin posten cai antauin. She threw her arms backwards and forwards. Ni restos calcain semainuin en palizo. We shall stay some weeks in Paris. Afterwards, we shall travel into Germany. And of lesson 33 of the Esperanto teacher. Section 35, that is lesson 34 of the Esperanto teacher. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For further information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Esperanto teacher, a simple course for non-Gramarians by Helen Friar. Lesson 34, dum, jis, and circau. Dum means during as dum mia tuta vivo during my whole life. It is not much used as a preposition. That is, before a noun. En la dauro de, being better, as in. In the duration of my whole life. Or the preposition is omitted altogether, as la tuta antagon mi laboradis. I used to work all day long. Dum, meaning while or whilst, is often used at the beginning of a sentence. Dum, means meanwhile or in the meantime. Jis, means till, until, up to, as far as. Circau means about or around, somewhere near or more or less. They played around the tree. Circau mayo niforiros. About May, we shall go away. Vocabulary. Concerto, concert, concerto. Flanco, side, flanco. Sorto, fate, sorto. Radio, rei, radio. Cupolo, cupula, dome, cupolo. Rublo, rubo, rublo. Etagio, story of a building. Etagio. Doloro, pain, ache. Doloro, vitro, glass, the material. Vitro. Globo, globe, globo. Collect, to collect, collect. Prepar. To prepare. Prepar. Pes. To weigh something. Pes. Exist. Exist. Exist. Peré. Perish. Peré. Proxime. Neto. Proxime. Sentences. Dum la tuta tago ou la tuta tago li restis sola. During the whole day, or simply the whole day, he remained alone. Dum ou en la dauro de calcai monatoi, si ne eliradis el siya chambero. During, or for, some months, she did not leave her room. He slept during the whole concert, or for the whole concert. While the preparations lasted, he was a guest of the king. While he is journeying on the road to Grenada, in Santa Fe, his fate is being decided. They used to work until late at night. The plate of the scales sank to the ground. Its rays crept up to the dome. Pronto al mi decrubloin, jis morgal? Lend me ten rubles, until tomorrow. He worked on from early morning till late at night. He will fight to the very end. We kept going up, always higher and higher, to the fourth story. It will exist until the world shall perish. The king came about midday into the village of Reading. About morning, the guile ended. About ten meters will be sufficient. One can look very far round about. Great mountains of ice floated around. He looked around on all sides.


Remember a Hallmark card when you carry it up to send the very best. The makers of Hallmark greeting cards bring you Robert Young, an FS Key Smith story of Francis Scott Key on the Hallmark Playhouse. The Hallmark will bring you Hollywood's greatest stars in outstanding stories chosen by one of the world's best known authors. They distinguish novelist Mr. James Hilton. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. This is James Hilton. Tonight on our Hallmark Playhouse we tell the story of the man who wrote words that I would venture to say are sung more often than any others in the language. When Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner exactly 137 years ago, it was odd, don't you think, that there should have been things in it like bombs bursting in air and the rockets red glare, words that have such extra meaning for the world today. But we may still hope that of all the lines in his entire poem, the truest and most enduring will be the last, the line that sums up the heart and purpose of our country in those magnificent words, the land of the free and the home of the brave. So now tonight we tell you this story of Francis Scott Key and how he came to write our national anthem. And to start in the role of the poet, we have with us a fine Hollywood actor, not only famous everywhere, but one of our own special favorites on the Hallmark Playhouse, Robert Young. And now here is Frank Goss from the Makers of Hallmark Cards. When you want to remember your friends, there's one way to be sure the card you send receives an extra welcome. Look for that identifying hallmark on the back when you select it. For words to express your feelings and designs to express your good taste, that hallmark on the back is your guide. Like the sterling on silver, it's a mark of distinction that all quickly recognize. And it tells your friends you cared enough to send the very best. And now Hallmark Playhouse presenting FS Keysmith's story of Francis Scott Key, starring Robert Young. Our history over a hundred years ago, many noble words were spoken and written and sung. And this is the story of how some of them became part of our history, part of our American heritage, so that we give them today our full heart and voice. The man who wrote them was as American as his birthplace, Frederick County, Maryland. And he was young in the days when America was young. He and his country would grow 63 years older together. But when those years were passed, his words would live on through all that was to come. What sort of a man was he? What kind of life did he have? What would he have written to his children when he grew old and they were far away? My dear children, I'm sitting alone in my study. I've been sitting here watching the afternoon deepen into evening, thinking over days and events a long time past. My mind has gone back and forth across the years, sorting and picking out memories. And I want to write some of them down so that you will know something of the hours your father lived, of his dreams, of his conflicts, of his disappointments, of his fulfillments. Like all memories, these are but fragments garnered from the years. I remember a spring in Annapolis when I was a young struggling attorney. I remember sitting at my grandmother's feet. I remember the words she spoke.  You and love with the country as he was in love with it. As a poet is in love with beauty. As a man is in love with strength.  Yes, she wanted me to be a poet. That law was my profession and law was to be my life. Spring in Annapolis. I was young and in love with the prettiest girl in the country. But she was a descendant of the governor of the colony. I thought she was far above me. I was as tongue-tied as a schoolboy in her presence. I remember going to her house night after night. I remember sitting beside her in an agony of silence, held prisoner by emotions I could not express, held captive by words I could not speak. And I remember a night when I stood alone in a doorway, watching her dance with the wealthiest and most handsome man in town. Well, Mr. Key, why aren't you with the dancers? Oh, good evening, Miss Lloyd. Well, Mary's dancing with someone else. I see. Mr. Key, would you mind stepping into my library for a moment? No, sir. Sit down, Mr. Key. Thank you, sir. Mr. Key, are you in love with my daughter? Sir? I think you heard the question. Yes, I, uh, I suppose I did. You know, for a man who is exceedingly articulate in the courtroom, you are excessively inarticulate in the parlor. Well, sir, I don't make much money, and whether you make much money is completely beside the point. You've already demonstrated a certain amount of adroitness at law. I think you show promise of an excellent future. Why, thank you, sir. Now, about my daughter, Mr. Key, she has a good many suitors. Yes, I know she has. But for some reason or other, she seems to prefer you. She does? Yes. Now, I think she and I have both waited quite long enough for you to speak. I'm out of patience for the whole thing, so tell me, once in a while, are you in love with my daughter? Yes, sir. I'm very much in love with your daughter. Then, in the name of heaven, go find her, take her for a walk in the garden, and tell her... No, never mind. I'd better do it myself. Mr. Key has most eloquently and ardently begged for the honor of your hand in marriage. Sir! He has, Father. Have you, Mr. Key? He has convinced me that he is very much in love with you, and if it pleases you, I should be most pleased to give him your hand in marriage. Oh, it would please me very much, Father. Miss Lloyd. Mr. Key. And now I think I'll take a walk in the garden. I... I can't believe it. Did you really say that you would accept me? Didn't you know how I felt? Oh, Maria. I seem to have words to express all ordinary thoughts, but this is so out of the ordinary. I don't even know how to begin. I think I've waited all my life for just this moment.  Deep inside me and somehow never forgotten were the words with which my grandmother said farewell. He's a good attorney, Mary, but don't let him forget the poetry. He must write. The words are inside him. He must write them down. But my time was all used up in writing briefs. I worked hard and long and late. And finally I was paid a very great honor. I was appointed by the President as United States District Attorney for the District of Columbia. Strange as I look back how one case stands out above all others. One case and one of my children asking me about it. Yes, son.  What's that? Everyone says... The man didn't kill President Jackson.  He's going to punish him. I think he should be killed. Why do you think a thing like that? He tried to kill the President. He shot at him. Son, a man isn't always responsible for what he does. Everyone says it's part of a plot against the President. Who is everyone? Well, it's just everyone. The President doesn't think it was part of a plot. And after careful study of the case, I'm not sure I think it is either.  That it's your duty to prosecute him. Yes, it's my duty to prosecute him, and I will. Mary, I believe that in the criminal proceeding, the duty of the representative of the government is prosecution, not persecution. Does that mean you aren't going to do anything to him, Father? That means, son, that I'm going to do my best to see that he receives justice. Regardless of my personal feelings in the matter, he must receive justice. Few expect a little boy to understand that. Perhaps not at first, but if we keep telling him over and over in time, he will understand it. My son, I want you, I want all my children to know why their forefathers came to this country. They came to escape oppression, to lay the foundations of a nation on liberty and equality and justice. They lit a torch and guarded the flame with their own bodies, and handed it to us. And we, in turn, will hand it to you. And you will hand it to those who come after you. You must fight for liberty for all men and justice towards all men, my son. For those are the principles on which America was built, and on which we must survive. You're right, Frances. I was wrong to say what I did. You understand, son?  And the president will fight for justice for this man, regardless of public sentiment, because he lives in a land that promises justice to... The moments of memory, the face of a child, the face of a woman, of a president, of a would-be assassin. Fragments, words said a long time ago, sifting through my thoughts, over woven like a pattern through them all. The words of your great-grandmother. He must write. The words are inside him. He must write them down. We turn to the second act of Frances Scott Key, starring Robert Young. There is an old Chinese proverb which says, words are the voice of the heart. And the makers of Hallmark cards understand this proverb well, for they are experts at making words truly the voice of the heart. Maybe they'll realize it is the messages on Hallmark cards, which give them meaning. For greeting cards are not just material possession that you purchase for yourself, you buy greeting cards only to send to others.  That's why the makers of Hallmark cards are so particular about the words that go inside a Hallmark card. They know you want a greeting card of good design and in good taste, you want a card that says what you want to say, just the way you want to say it. And Hallmark cards do just that. That's why more and more discriminating people look for Hallmark on the back of any card they send or receive. They have found that you can always look to a card with Hallmark on the back for a warm, friendly, person-to-person greeting. On those occasions when you want your friends to know, you cared enough to send the very best. Now back to James Hilton in the second act of Frances Scott Key, during Robert Young. Frances Scott Key lost in his memories went on writing a letter to his children. Sometimes his pen raced, sometimes it was slow and halting. There came to him a thousand recollections of words he had spoken, of men he had known, of things big and little he had seen happen. Yes, my mind has been going back and forth across the years, sorting and picking out memories. Fragments garnered from the years. I remember a night long before I went to Washington to become district attorney. A night when a worried man from Upper Marlboro sat in my study. Have you been advised of the arrest of Dr. Beans of Marlborough by the British? No, I haven't. Why was he arrested? Most unfortunate circumstance. A group of straggling British soldiers broke into the doctor's house. They were boisterous and disorderly and Dr. Beans ordered them arrested by the town authorities. He told us a period that the doctor tried to poison some of the men and that those who were still in jail would undoubtedly be killed. I see, Dr. Beans is a kind old man, a wonderful man. Yes, I know of him. Like he even tended the wounds of many of the British soldiers. What happened to him? The British sent a squad in the middle of the night to arrest him. He's been placed in irons and imprisoned in the hold of one of the British ships. We thought perhaps you could persuade the British to release him. But how do you think I can persuade the admiral? We're at war with England. Well, you've more of a way with words than we have. We thought perhaps that if you could get to the British admiral and explain the circumstances, after all, they're human beings too. Surely they'll understand if it's properly explained. Will you try, Mr. Key? Yes, of course I'll try. I doubt if I can do anything, but I will try. And so, with the sanction of the government, I started out with a flag of truce to beg the British for the life of the doctor from Marlborough. I left my home with a small group of friends on the 3rd of September. And a few days later, I was in the admiral's cabin on the British ship's surprise. Well, Miss Key, I find your quest frankly astounding. Dr. Beans has been responsible for the most atrocious injuries and humiliations to his Majesty's troops. He's to be hanged to the arm with his missile. However, if a band of drunken soldiers had invaded your home, what would you have done? Admiral, the man you would hang to the yard arm is a man who has been kind to your soldiers, a doctor who does not ask the nationality of the men he cares for, a man who sees in countrymen an enemy as well, human beings in need of help. His only sin against you was an attempt to protect his home against bandals.  Many such a loss in war, Mr. Key. I know, but let's not lose a life that can be saved. War is for the battlefields. What kind of victory is it for the British fleet to hang a helpless old man to the yard arm? And what kind of testimony is it to the kindness of the British nature? I came here, I admit, with a certain hopelessness. But I came because one of my countrymen said, they are human beings. Surely they will understand if it is properly explained. Human beings. Can we be human beings in time of war? At moments like this, perhaps for just a moment, we can. You have a rare way with words. Are you a writer, Mr. Key? I am an attorney, Admiral Cochran. Mr. Key, I am about to take many American lives. But I will give you back what you ask. It may not be wise, but I shall allow myself the luxury of being human for just this moment. Thank you, Admiral Cochran. Thank you very much. In other words, your presence poses something with a problem. We are about to land at North Point and take Baltimore. Take Baltimore? Yes. Do you think you can take Baltimore? Easily, Mr. Key, easily. I was there five days ago. Beautiful city. Do you intend to pillage and burn it as you did Washington? Now, don't think you can persuade me to save your city. And don't think you will be permitted to return and spend an alarm. You will be put back on the ship in which you came, in regard of British Marines. You will remain there until we have captured the city. And I will see that your ship is anchored in such a position that you will fought McHenry. You shall watch us, capture the fort, and go on to Baltimore, Mr. Key. Fragments of memory. We watched the British land at North Point. The whine of bullets, the roar of cannons and bombs split the September air, and victory and freedom hung in the balance. All day the British shelled the fort. All day we stood against the rail and watched the battle. All day our eyes went from the battle to the flag that arched above the smoke and flame. As long as it was there, we were not defeated. As long as it was there, there was hope. If it could last the day, if it could last the night, if it could last the battle. And when night gently lowered a dark curtain between our ship and the land, it was still flying. No relief. I walked the deck, anxiously searching for the flag until the time the red glare of the cannons lit up the sky. Liberty was at stake. Life was at stake. The future of America was at stake. And as I walked those agonizing hours that stretched endlessly from dark to dawn, I began to hear words. The words, although formed within my own heart, seemed to come from the hearts of those who had fought and died and those who were living and fighting now.  And the prayer came for the past and the present, and was for the future. The rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. The words were a prayer. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave, or the land of the free and the home of the brave. Suddenly, there was quiet. The noise of battle ceased. Not a shot was fired. And the silence was more frightening in those last dark hours of the night than the noise had been. The battle had been won, but who had won it? There was none to tell us. I fell on my knees beside the rail to pray and wait for the dawn. And when the night was over, I began to hear the sound of the sound of the train and the sound of the train. And when the dawn came, when the dawn came, Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming. She's there. The flag still flies. The flag flies, it flies. We've won. Praise God, we've won. Hands in the street, just a star-spangled banner, Long may it wave for the land of the free and the home of the brave. The words were pulsing, pounding, clamoring through me. I wrote them down on the back of an old letter. I wrote them down through my tears, through my great joy. I wrote them down hardly aware of what I was doing. Oh, thus be it ever when free men shall stand between their loved homes and the war's desolation. Blessed with victory and peace, may the heaven-rescued land praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation, then conquer we must, when our cause it is just and this be our motto, in God is our trust. And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. Against the morning sky, cried in country and countrymen rising until my tears ran unashamed on my face. And behind the tears, the sudden strong knowledge that we had preserved liberty in our lifetime kept it secure for those who had come after. Fragments of memory, a poem written on the back of an old letter. I leave it to you, my children, and I ask you to think of it not as a poem, or as an attempt on the part of your father to be a poet. Think of it as the words of an American, trying to express his love, his devotion, his gratitude, his faith in his country.  They are words of courage, of faith, of liberty. They are words that bring to each of us and we hear them the living spirit of our country. We of Hallmark who work with words every day join with our fellow Americans in acknowledging our gratitude to the man who gave us such inspiring words, Francis Scott Key. Here again is James Hilton. You know, Bob, it's like welcoming a member of the family to have you on the Hallmark Playhouse again. Your performance tonight was excellent and heartwarming as always. Thank you, Jimmy. As for being a member of the Hallmark family, why I am, you know, we celebrate more birthdays and anniversaries and such than most any other family in Hollywood. And always when you turn the cards over, there's that Hallmark. It's like an extra hello from a friend of long standing. Yes, I expect you do have a lot of occasions to use Hallmark cards, Bob. Hello, the girls. Give them my regards, will you? I surely will, Jimmy. They always enjoy listening to the radio on Thursday nights. What are you having on the Hallmark Playhouse next week? Next week, our story will be one of the best loved classics of romantic adventure, Anthony hopes The Prisoner of Zender. And for our starring role, we know there could be no one better than Douglas Fairbanks. Our Hallmark Playhouse is every Thursday. Our director, producer is Bill Gay. Our music is composed and conducted by David Rose. And our script tonight was adapted by Gene Holloway. Until next Thursday, then, this is James Hilton saying, good night. Our sole only in stores that have been carefully selected to give you expert and friendly service. Remember a Hallmark card when you carry it out to send the very best. Robert Young, star of Father Knows Best, appeared to the courtesy of Maxwell House Coffee. The role of Mary tonight was played by Barbara Eiler. Others in our cast were Virginia Gregg, Ted Osburn, Herbert Butterfield, Bill Johnstone, and David Duvall. This is Frank Goss saying, good night to you all until next week at the same time when Hallmark Playhouse returns to present Douglas Fairbanks in Anthony hopes The Prisoner of Zender. And the week following, Muriel Elwood's The Web of Destiny, starring Jane Wyman. And the week after that, Bellamy Portridge's country lawyer on the Hallmark Playhouse.