All right, you're live.  Yes. Yeah, I think Nika's getting shot, yeah. Yeah, go ahead, Nika. OK, hello, and welcome to this presentation of the Solution Brief White Paper that we have documented in the telecom, especially in the interest group in Herper Lecce. And I want to start with the white paper per se and see just the beginning. And I will jump into the slides in order to explain how we are actually doing what we are doing. And what we are doing in this Solution Brief is actually we designed and presenting a novel method of assessing SLAs and relevant agreements. And how we do this with the Herper Lecce Fabric, of course, and dedicated trust in the execution environment that runs on the chain. Briefly, just the table of contents of the Solution Brief we approach in the beginning, and we see it like the conventional SLAs, the standard SLAs assessment, and how it is done now. From a telecom perspective, the SLAs and how they are deployed for different vendors and services on the ecosystem. And later in the white paper, we see the architecture that we propose and therefore unfolding of the operations. So let me jump to the slides. I believe I'm OK now, we can see. So briefly, how we're going to present the white paper, we're going to start with the standard and the SLAs process and some details about it for general knowledge and more specific one, more deep knowledge about it. And then we're going to jump simply to the solution and how it is implemented in the Herper Lecce Fabric and the chain trust execution environments. To note, we have the collaboration with the Elephant working on this white paper as we will close here. So let me start from introducing what is the problem actually, what are the issues of the conventional SLAs and how we wanted to approach this and come up with the solution. First of all, this approach, of course, is relevant to the telecom industry. It can be applied to other, it's supposed to be applied to other kinds of level agreements. And standardization could bring this to other industries, though through corresponding work on it. So the motivation behind it, the thing is that with the state of the art SLAs, how they are used, how they were born, and they are used in the industry. There is a lot of power, of course, there is monopoly on the provider side. There is not a lot of transparency between the agreement. This is an issue that stands from the centralization, of course, of the system and that its provider is bringing their own tools and methods for the whole process of SLAs monitoring and computation. So in this approach, we have found that certain pillars as the misunderstanding that happened between the terminology of the certain level agreements, the instant transparency that can be, again, through this kind of terminology, but how the parameters are defined in certain level agreements and how the users and the adopters can actually understand it for their case of deployment. And of course, the credit system on the state of the art use cases of SLAs is a bit more outdated. And of course, we have the refunding and compensation processes here that we will present in this design. So the solution brief is about an ecosystem setup on top of HyperXFabric that utilizes trust execution environments to bring privacy and transparency, which actually in the world of focusing, they have a trade-off. So what this means is that more transparency is less privacy and less privacy is more transparency. And this kind of way we handle here in the presentation of this solution brief. To note that we have started the conceptualization of this work through this added publication with my team. And through this, we came up to extend it and bring this idea into fruition through the white paper that we are presenting today. So let's go a bit more for the SLA world, actually. What we are having in SLA monitoring is private and public cloud cases, a few providers that have the monopoly like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, of course, it's the big corporations. And this is how it works, actually. But also, there exist not so famous providers more like SMEs and these kind of smaller businesses. Each of these kind of providers, they have their own methods and tools that they will bring to an agreement, which is a contract between a provider and a doper of a service, or an infrastructure. And how these tools that the providers bring, they actually control the whole process and it comes to less transparency for the user and the adopter. And we could describe just the gray area of the state of the art. Along with this, in this landscape, of course, there is the metrics that are the essence, the main point that everybody in this ecosystem is measuring, actually. And coming up with an SLA violation with the breach of an agreement and the definition of this metrics, actually, the definition of this metrics brings the SLAs to be as much as understandable between the involved partners. However, the thing is that there is difference with monitoring this SLA and defining a metric, which is different from describing the individual parts of a metric, which call parameters and how they are combined and the defined metric. So the three questions that we see here are the most important ones in order to widely monitor an SLA. We want to know the parameters on the content side, how they are computed, and if actually the process, until now, it's what the agreement says, actually, from the provider's perspective. The infrastructure as a service. So going further on the SLAs assessment standard, the standard process of SLAs, we have, for example, here, an ISO, an ISO standardization document, which defines the ways that these agreements are handled between the provider and client, the infrastructure provider and the adopter. And we're talking, of course, about specific kinds of descriptions. So in order to define an SLA, which is, I mean, in the context of this presentation, it's for us to understand, OK, what is it? If we have no idea about this. We have the metrics, which are the SLA guarantees. So the SLA guarantees of an SLA, it's the measurements that we want that the provider offers to us as they promised. In order to construct these metrics, parameters are used in order that actually define the metric. And they also provide how it should be computed. So all this until now, and the rules that I'm going to say in a minute, all this is the agreement. So it's the contract between the provider and the adopter. And coming to the rules very quick, the rules actually is how the parameters of the metric are computed in order to define the metric. And what kind of evaluation we have, for example, failure and success of a metric if the rule fails or succeeds. So all this process of the contract of the SLA service level agreement, in order to be deployed through the standard SLA process, the thing is that we have, of course, the corresponding deployment of the dedicated software of the providers. This kind of software is called the algorithm drivers that actually have a layer configuration, as we're going to explain a bit. And the layer configuration is the individual parts that compute, that define that sample in the sense that they measure the metrics and they come up with a result. This, as we will see in the next explanations, are actually how we want the chain code to execute inside the fabric network, as we're going to see on the blockchain. So this is the intelligence, if you want. The SLA intelligence, that should happen in an agreement. This is how it happens in the standard and conventional, if you will, SLAs. So the three layers are the sampling, the interval layer, interval of computation, and the calculation. The sampling, of course, I guess that this layer, OK, maybe it's pretty obvious what it does so very quickly. I explain a bit. For the sampling, we're having actually the rules and the methods, how we gather data from the machines and the services that the provider is offering and collecting it, actually, in order to process it. The interval, as the word says, it's about how often we do this process, actually. And there is different kinds. As the building cycle, there is the SLA evaluation cycle. And of course, lastly, the calculation, the metric calculation, is about the actual computation. So we have collected the data. We did it with a specific frequency. And now we do the computation. And we have the SLA. And here we have the parametric SLA, which is part of our design. And before going into that, the whole process, it's actually how we have, from one point, the real data and from the other point, the contract data. And if we come up with a violation or not, so this is the logic here. And last but not least, as I said, the parametric SLA is the concept that we have defined in our architecture as we see in the next slide, of an SLA that exists as a template, if you will, on the chain. So in each agreement, we use this parametric SLA. The parameters are filled. Of course, it is standardized in the sense that it follows the standardization of the ISO that we saw in the previous slide. And it is deployed as the slalom specification model that we see on the right of the screen. So this model actually defines the different kinds of SLAs with variable specific therapy terminology. For example, we have the availability in terms of accessibility. This kind of metric is not only that the client actually can access their service or their infrastructure, but it's actually not only available, but it can access it. This is accessibility. The difference, for example, from availability is actually that, OK, maybe there is access, but maybe it's not functional. So it doesn't work. So these kinds and different kinds of SLAs are defined in this model that we use according also to the ISO standard and for the parametric SLA. So jumping into the architecture, as we call trust monitoring. And we see in the center actually the parametric SLA, which is signed by the two involved parties. So to go briefly on the involved parties, and they are agreeing in a contract. So this comes online from the provider. And the client pays, of course, the providers through the agreement payment. And they signed the contract, the parametric SLA, which is a new SLA field and signed by both of them and submit on the ledger. The enclave operations in the trust execution environment actually is the deployed and hardware-exholated environment that exists, a system actually, but exists on the chain. And it's contribution, when we say hardware-exholated, it means that actually from a different kind of processors, it's not possible to enter the kind of computation that happens through a certain period in one specific processor. So the hardware isolation brings computational privacy to the hardware level, as the word says, and protects from eavesdropping literally every kind of transparency that could bring data to leak outside of where we want to have it. And of course, we have dedicated chain codes inside the trust execution environment, as we will see. The tunneling chain, it's a connector actually that we are passing through the computing SLAs, the computing measurements of an SLA from outside world inside the blockchain and the T. And the compensation is actually the refunding that we're going to see that it happens automatically. And precisely in terms of comparing to the contemporary methods. So again, a bit about the signed parametric SLA. As we said, the customer purchase in the product, this involves, of course, the blockchain transaction that happens between the important parties. The agreement, which is the scientist LA, exists on the chain as a proof of the contract between the parties. And of course, it contains all the previous information that we have described here about, for example, the contract follows the ISO standard, the dedicated methods and functions rules that need to be used by the functions of the chain code, which is the algorithm drivers that defined in the contract elaborating on how to compute an SLA and so on, of course. And to go to the next one, the logic is that this is fed to the trust execution environment in the sense that it enters the TE and it would constantly audits for newly signed SLAs. So in the Capitalizer fabric, we have the fabric private chain code, which is actually a specific deployment of trust execution environment on fabric network and where we have enclave chain codes that execute with a hardware isolation and are guaranteed that their privacy is even private data, is even private, I would say, from the peers that run it. So this is the logic of the FPC. I will rephrase this, that the chain codes that run inside the FPC, which is a deployment of trust execution environment on the Capitalizer fabric, they isolate data from the peers that even contain it. So we have a total privacy of data collection, which is the monitoring, actually. And execution, as we will see in the enclave comparison, the next step. And to end the enclave monitoring, of course, from one point we have the data from the SLA contract, which is what the two parties have signed and agreed, which is, again, as we described, the metrics, how the metrics are computed, which are the function to compute the metrics, which are the parameters of the metrics, et cetera, et cetera. And from the other side, that we see also the IPFS deployment, we use IPFS to store the logs of the machines, for example, and that doesn't need to be on the chain anyway, we just use the hash to access. So this kind of data, the logs, are actually the actual data and the real metrics, real measurements of the metrics from the service or infrastructure, or you name it, that the provider has offered to the client and the client has purchased it. So this loop inside the monitoring newly signed SLAs are monitored and they are pushed, actually, to the enclave comparison for detection violations, as we're going to see now. So the enclave monitoring feeds the data, which is actually the data from the contract, the data from the actual world use case. And it feeds to the enclave comparison, which is actually another chain code inside the FPC, public private chain code, isolated from its PR, where it exists, actually, because the chain code, OK, as we know, it's deployed inside the PR of a network. So it's isolated again from the PR and can validate for state updates inside the FPC. So the enclave comparison is nothing more than the actual running and execution of the logic of the algorithm drivers of the contract, which are represented as functions inside an enclave chain code, which is a chain code inside the T. So again, we have the computation of the data. So the SLA computation that happens in the standard conventional SLA cases. And now it happens inside the enclave chain code on the one chain T. Of course, the purpose of this computation is to be totally private and not able to be interrupted or if it's dropped or attacked from, yes, actually, we're in the process as a next step of starting a state of the art attacks on this. But this is out of the scope of these presentations. But this is how we try to extend this white paper here. So I was saying about the enclave computation inside the trust execution environment. And of course, the computation results are unbiased in the sense that nobody can change what the result would be. So we have a fair computation of the contract was not reached. So this is the output of a violation or not step of the conversation, actually. So the automatic conversation goes just to let you know. Sorry to interrupt, but your audio is a little choppy. From which point? Last minute or two. OK, I will just say that the last thing, I will just repeat that. We have a fair result of the computation of the SLA metrics that happens inside the enclave comparison because we are using the isolated hardware technology. And the important thing is now that whether we have violation or not in order to continue the SLA intelligence workflow, I hope I wasn't chopping the same point. So at the end of the logic, the conversation comes. And what this means is that at this point in the state of the art, there is no such thing as automatic conversation. Providers use credits that are added to the client. There are different rules. For example, if a credit level goes up to a point, then it makes sense to refund or not, these kind of things. But here, and since we're talking about tokens that can be totally minted in such an ecosystem, the refunding can happen at the point it should happen in the sense that when there is a violation, we have this schema that we reward the client for the violation in the sense that OK, they didn't receive the service promised that they are paying for actually. And of course, in order to keep the economic model valid, the provider starts on the same amount. So this is the essence of the compensation. Here we come in the closing of the life cycle review. And we name this as self-assessment in the sense that we have a contract, the service level agreement, which is a contract between the two equal parties. And we want to perform assessment evaluation of the SLA. So in this sense, we deploy from the beginning of the architecture this schema. And we have an ecosystem where the SLAs are self-assessed in the sense that when there is a violation, there is a refund automatically. The second point, the provider cannot modify any data on his favor, neither the client, of course, because it would be possible. So we have a fair system with automatic compensation and where the SLA, where the client does not wait for the provider to either provide the SLA evaluation to run the algorithms. And so we avoid the provider's monopoly in this sense. So in the beginning of our work, early on, we had also some preliminary experiments of performance. The thing is that since we're developing on this, we're also aiming at extracting new. So we have not included something like this in the web paper. But just to mention for completeness, the most important thing is that the deviations are not critical when we're deploying a specific contract that does this kind of calculations. And we are talking about the acclaimed monitoring and the acclaimed comparison. And this is because the code is standard in the sense that it's determined, it's specific. And the specific deployment of a code will end up to specific individual time constraints in performance, time constraints in a measurement of time. And what I mean is that the deviation between the time running this kind of contracts will be negligible since the code is submitted on the ledger. And we're using the smart contracts that their functions are standard. So this was the concept of the whole decision that we have described in this architecture. We have this collaboration between the ledger, telecom, special interest group and the LF Networking. And this is what I had for today for the web paper solution brief presentation. And thank you for listening. Thanks, Nicos, for the great talk. So this work with SLA was really a great use case of smart contracts in general, especially hyper ledger, because it fits very well the whole idea of SLA with the automation that the smart contracts can generate. So the SLA was really on top of our agenda as telecom sick as one of the main use cases since the beginning, really. And then Nicos came in and they had done some work on SLA and they just completed this work with us in telecom sick. So thanks, Nicos, for bringing in your use case. So if there are any questions. Thank you for the cooperation and the help and the guidance also. Thank you very much, Joel. So if there are any questions, I think both me and Nicos are available. Hi, this is Medalser. I think we probably like to see a little bit of more front end application that the service provider may have to create to join the blockchain and how the service order from a customer moves through the MNO wall and then become an SLA and moves on the chain. Thank you. Yes, so far we have a hyper ledger lab that it's built towards a kind of add on wallet. And now we're focusing a bit to try to have a new one, a new proposal that combines all the logic that we have described and the interface for the user and provider as well that you are mentioning. So this would consider from my side a bit future work and in order to be presentable actually. Thank you. I have a follow on question. You mentioned a trusted execution environment. Now that is called the blockchain computation, right? That's not for any services that MNO or service provider may be providing. Is that correct? Yes, as I understand the trusted execution environment is deployed on the ledger, on the fabric network actually. And it's using actually transpire a privacy on a node level. So we have a hardware isolation of the transactions and the chain collaborations on a node level. So trusted execution environment only validates the hardware itself, right? It does not provide any protection to the application workloads. Would you consider confidential computing in addition to trusted execution environment? So if I got the right confidential computing you are mentioning and comparing it to trust execution environment, right? Correct. OK, and from the perspective of confidential computing, I mean, the trust execution environment could be described as is if you don't mean something else that I'm not aware of. So definitely it has a layer of confidentiality in the sense of privacy that it brings to the table, if I understand correctly. Sort of slightly differentiation between TEE and confidential computing where TEE is just validated, trusted hardware and firmware environment for your workloads. Whereas confidential computing allows you to have encrypted data, encrypted data transfer within the computer system and encrypted data execution within the CPU, which is different than TEE. And are you considering? So we had some work from Xilinx. There used to be some people attending their calls from Xilinx. So they had kind of what you were describing. So they are actually working at the moment on kind of the verification step of the smart contracts to kind of build them into their kind of Xilinx kind of FPGAs. So I think that's mainly what you're talking about, right? Yeah, I was just curious whether the group have looked into not only the validation of the hardware platform where the blockchain will run, but also providing because it's all encrypted, right? So why not use confidential computing for your blockchain nodes to provide additional protection? No, I mean encryption is used. So in this sense that, OK, maybe it is if I'm not mistaken for confidential computing because encryption is used in this kind of operations that we're using in the trust execution environment. So there is encrypted data between, for example, the enclave chain code and that transfers data into the registry of the enclave and the validation component. So the communication between them is encrypted in this sense. So I would say that there is a layer of confidentiality there in the sense that you are putting it. I mean, obviously there could be always more layers of security and encryption added, true hardware encryption, and so on. But yeah, again, so you have to also trade off, I'd say, the application with the level of really cost and so on, each one of these additional layers of security middle care. And I assume here you were because targeting around 1,000 of transactions per second, right? So adding more layers of security will probably have a significant impact on that as well. I agree. It's just when you write a proposal for these kind of new technology adoption, you need to lay all the cards, cost benefits on the table, and then pick and suggest to your audience, based on our analysis, we think this is good enough. I'm not sure if that has been done. Yeah, I mean, again, so we could probably, if you're interested, we could probably as an extension of this work, we could start a new solution brief just specifically working on that, which is quite interesting as well to see what can be done in terms of hardware, but making sure that that is not impacting too much the other metrics that we have, other KPIs that we have to meet when we are talking about telecom, right? What? So yeah, that would be definitely interesting. I would be personally interested to see how that actually would impact, say, the latency of every transaction or other factors, how much computing overhead that would add and then so on. So do you expect that the solution will be implemented and the chain will be limited to a service provider and its customer, or do you see this solution to run across many service provider and customers? For the deployment, yes, I would say that the architecture is actually about an ecosystem. So it is a network of appellate fabric. And the users, the involved users that is the provider, the adopter, and so on, they log in into the network and they use this kind of functionality. So the thing is that we're proposing from an ecosystem perspective of Web3, if you will, and how this would have all the providers participate and the corresponding clientele. At the end of just to add to that, at the end of the day, this is an effort to automate things, right? And automation kind of shows this value at scale. So obviously, the more number of operators and the more number of parties that are involved in this whatever agreement that we are applying here, the value of this automation is going to be higher, right? So yeah, I mean, and the way the telecom kind of ecosystem is moving, we're having more open networks. And you have the concept of open run, you have programmable networks, and so on. So these trends are all going towards kind of systems and kind of networks that you don't just have one vendor working with one operator. You have a way more complex ecosystem with multiple vendors working with multiple service providers each connected to the network of difference, network providers. So these are like, these are first kind of enlarging the scale and also adding to the complexity of these sort of agreements. So the agreements that I think we are going to have in a couple of years are not going to just be like five nine availability kind of agreements. They're going to be very more complex than that. And they're going to be more difficult to be done manually. So these kind of automated and distributed smart contract based SLAs are going to be more and more important. Thank you. I think that's something needs to be considered whether or not an M&O can implement the chain for itself and its customer or the chain has to be open to all M&Os to join and use. Because so far my experience with the service provider has been they like to control their responsibility and liability domain. That means their O&M and other applications manage all the resources that they are not responsible for other than the DNS being one shared service. There hasn't been many shared services in a service provider environment. Yeah, I mean, the implementation of it, I can see how it could be difficult to convince different M&Os to kind of share their usage information and performance information and so on with other M&Os, right? But at the end of the day, there are lots of technologies now kind of being developed within Hyperledger and other areas for cross-chain interaction without having to reveal all the information. So these are hopeful kind of initiatives that hopefully are going to improve the situation. Thank you. Appreciate it. Thanks, thanks. And we generally call this as a private permission chain. So of course, this whole network is private. And we are also adding permissions, like separate contracts for zero knowledge kind of things. Or one more answer, like for example, if we have a different M&O, can we have a multi-lumine orchestrator kind of thing where every M&O is sharing some contracts and then we are running this blockchain over multi-domain orchestrator kind of thing? So that is also might be one solution for this. Yeah, so the zero knowledge proof could be one of the solutions. But yeah, that's a design thing really. So this is something that the operators should really answer and then see what level of privacy they need when it comes to SLAs. Any more questions from the audience? So I have shared the two papers that were mentioned here. So I've shared the solution brief. I've shared the link there. So obviously it's open access and also the MDPI paper from Nicos that was mentioned in this talk. So that's also open access. So you can just download and use. So yeah, thanks everyone for joining and thanks Nicos for bringing your use case to us and also kind of giving these couple of talks about the work which is going to be, I hope, very interesting for people. Again, so our group is open to new ideas, open to new applications of hyperledger. So even if you have a working kind of idea or a basic idea that you've worked a little bit in your own institution, you can bring it in and we have experts from different areas, mainly hyperledger, and we can work it together and kind of produce kind of collaborative works such as the solution brief that we had with Nicos. So feel free to join the mailing list and you will get to know about our bi-weekly calls and you can join and collaborate with us. So thanks everyone for attending and have a nice day or evening, wherever you are. Thank you everyone, thank you everybody. Thanks, thanks everyone. Thank you. Thanks Fax, great presentation. Lot of promise in there, talk to you soon. Thank you. Thanks Nicos, thanks everyone. Yeah, thanks, goodbye.


So we're gonna get started because we have an hour to get in this, so in and out, you know, and if you are a pastor or anybody that speaks a lot, you know that an hour can go by really fast, okay? So we're gonna try to hit it and then move on to the next session, all right? Also, you know, I have my timer here, that's my wife. She's my timekeeper, you know, to keep me on course. So we're gonna dive right into this, is that okay? Okay, okay, we are gonna pray, but you are in the deserogated life session, and our goal, you can go ahead and go to that next slide, thinking, well, that's my information because we might not have a whole lot of time for questions, but if you wanna email me and ask me a question, you can do that and I'll respond to the email, so I'll give you an opportunity if you wanna, you know, kinda write that down, all right? Let's go to our next slide. You know, so I wanna, a first start is off and let you know what we have access to as believers in Christ, as this family, you know, that we have, you can go to this next slide. This particular scripture is so powerful to me and I want you to adopt this scripture because we have access to this as a family. Therefore, remember that you once Gentiles in the flesh who are called un-circumcision by what is called the circumcision, made in the flesh by hands, that at that time you were without Christ being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers from the covenant of promise having no hope with God, without God in the world, but now in Christ Jesus, you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ, okay? Just, I'm gonna pause there for a minute, you know, because we know that within this passage of scripture, Jews and Gentiles had a problem with one another, right? You know, but I think this can apply and particularly in the area of blacks and whites relationship because one of the things that I really sense, you know, I'm not saying that this is God or whatever, but I look at black and white relationships as like parent relationships like the husband and the wife. They're like the primary relationship in the family, you know, and in our country, our country is dominated by African-Americans and white people, right? For the most part, then you got Hispanics, Asians, and so forth, so we're the dominant ethnicities within our country. Now, as that relates to a husband and a wife, when the husband and the wife is getting along, it creates a certain atmosphere in the family. You know, so I can't prove this, but this is just what God is kind of like putting on my heart is that, especially when blacks and whites get along, it creates a certain atmosphere in the country. And this is, I think this is very, very important because you've always had that tension there, right? You've always had that tension there and it has created a climate within our country, all right? That's causing the hostility within, you know, where we live. Can you identify with that a little bit? Okay, so here, you know, Jesus is saying that the Jews and the Gentiles, they've been brought near by the blood of Christ. This relationship that had the friction has been brought near by the blood of Christ. Let's go down, because I don't want to preach and we don't want to keep going. For he himself is our peace, okay? For he himself is our peace who has made both one, okay? And then it says, and has broken down the middle wall of separation, okay? Now this is gonna get really good, I'm believing. This is gonna get really, really good here. Having abolished in his flesh the enmity. Have you heard that word abolitionist before? All right, Jesus Christ came to end the separation. Oh my God. And when we submit to that, we'll see unity outside of an event that we have. Cause because my church is multicultural, that doesn't mean that my church is multicultural. That's what I'm learning. Because we're in the same room, that don't mean that we're multicultural. We just in the same room.  You have many nationalities at an amusement park, but that doesn't mean that you have a relationship with everybody in the amusement park, right? Okay, y'all ready? Okay. Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, that is the law of commandments, containing ordinances. So as to creating himself one new man, I just hear the heartbeat of God, and I probably can't quote that scripture, but I can see the heartbeat of God in this. God wants a family. He wants a family, right? From the two, thus making peace, all right? And that he might reconcile them both to God in one body through the cross, thereby putting to death the enmity, all right? You can go to that next slide. Thank you so much. Now this is a dangerous prayer. We usually don't pray to these type of prayers. Right? David is like, search me, oh God, and know my heart. Try me and know my anxieties, and see if there's any wicked way in me. Oh Lord Jesus, a spiritual CT scan. Right? And lead me in the way of everlasting. So I'm asking God, because as we were kind of going through this process at our church called Trench's Community Church, we were going through this book called One Blood by John Perkins, and you know, I'm the love guy. I call myself the love guy.  And I was like, whoa, I didn't know that was in me God. You know, so at times when we're studying God's word or we're in a workshop like this, all of a sudden God would shine some light on something that you didn't even know was there. But God never shines the light on something to hurt us. He shines the light on something to help us. Right? You know, so I want us to pray that in your own way for about a minute, just like Lord, search me in this workshop. So I'm gonna give you a little time to do that. Hey man, next slide. Now, our goal is to help us adopt a more desegregated life and we're gonna explain that, a more desegregated life and to help others do the same.  And my next response is if you got it, give it to somebody else. Right? Oh, I'm solid on that pastor, where if you're solid, all right, go spread what you're solid in. In other words, make disciples, all right? So it might be some people in here today like, man, I got that.  Okay, got it. So that's our goal. Let's go to the next slide. Why is this important? Let's go to the next slide. It's the father's heart. So it doesn't matter what James says, it really doesn't. It doesn't matter what Pastor Lee says. It doesn't matter what your leaders say, that all that matters is what is the father saying about this desegregated life? What is daddy saying? And we know that first of all, God blessed Abraham and the nation of Israel to be a blessing, right? And then Isaiah 49 talks about that Israel was the light of the Gentiles. So God never created this family. He didn't create it in a way that this family shouldn't share their privilege with other nations. He never set it up like that. What happened is the Jews, they became prideful in their privilege and they excluded the Gentiles. Is that the truth? Right? You know, so God, his mind was on all of humanity and the Gentiles, they developed this exclusive club called circumcision. Cause uncircumcision was not a term of deermate. Endearment, it wasn't a term like, no, they were putting people down, right? So this is God's heart. He said, go make disciples of all nations, right? You see the heart of God, preach the gospel to every creature, right? From one blood, every nation of men, all nations and revelations, all nations, tribes, peoples and tongues, all right? And then Jesus prayed that all of us would be one. See, we are a family, rather you believe it or not. And as a family, we need to become closer, right? And we're gonna help, we're gonna help with that because I'm still trying to wrap my mind around Jesus' prayer that if they're one, the world will believe. I'm still trying to wrap my mind around that. So this thing is so much bigger than James. It's not about James being glorified, it's about the father being glorified, all right? And the world being impacted, all right, by Jesus being sent into the world. So that's my goal is God, I just wanna see you glorified. It's not about trenches, it's not about me, it's not about necessarily relationships that I have. It's about, are you highlighted in what we're doing? Cause if you're not highlighted, what are we doing? If you're not highlighted, what is the church doing? What am I doing? So this is the father's heart, let's go to the next one, two minutes left on this. So desegregated is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to race. Okay, usually referring to race. And then lifestyle, I think all of us know this definition, the way you live. Okay, this is the way you live. These are your daily practices, your culture, all right? The customs that your habits, your ways, right? So putting those two together, I came up with a desegregated lifestyle, which is in our next slide. A desegregated lifestyle to me is a multicultural, multi-ethnic way of living, which includes listening to, learning from, learning from, okay, doing life with, and loving authentically, one from a different culture or ethnicity, okay? You got that? Thank you. I tell the people at trenches, I need to hear stuff like that cause my love language is affirmation. So y'all can either say that's good or you can say amen, all right? That makes me feel real good. I can like, okay, they engaged and so forth. So that's my love language, it's words of affirmation. And then also quality time, spending a lot of time with my wifey, for lifey over there. Okay, now let's go, I wanna show you this video that we put together at trenches and it's so powerful to me because trenches community church, we're trying to become more intentional at becoming a multicultural, multi-ethnic church. We're leaning into this. So again, I just wanna just show you this real quick. So that's a little video that we put together as a local assembly. And usually when I put stuff online, it might get like 50 hits. This got over like 3000 hits and I was just so proud of it. So I wanted to share it with you guys because I'm really trying to set it up first so that you can kind of see that. Yeah, Hailey, Hailey, you like that video, huh? Okay, so if you guys wanna check that out again, you can go on YouTube and type in trenches community church. So I wanna try to create this foundation that a lot of times when pastors might teach messages, and I hope I don't step on any toes, is that the message is something that they put together for the people. But the message, they really haven't experienced it. So I really wanna, I'm teaching you this because I've experienced this. This isn't something like, oh man, let me see. Yeah, this is what we need in our world. Let me go ahead and teach it. No, this is my life. This is what I'm living. And so it works. A desegregated life works, right? You know, I have, so go to that next slide for me, please. That's a nice bridge. So, yeah, yeah, yeah. Hailey was asking me before the session, she was like, do you wanna run your PowerPoint? I was like, nope, because if something goes wrong, all right, they're gonna look at me, so I'm gonna blame, we're gonna blame Hailey. So all the pressure's on Hailey today, right? So now I can look at her the way I be looking at the people at the church when they be messing up the PowerPoint. I'm like, okay, come on, put the video on, please. So, we getting there? Thank you so much. I have these friendships like in my life and it's a part of my narrative. You know, I have a friend by the name of Rob Link. He passes at the river downtown. And I remember Rob Link asked me, did I wanna go camping with him? And I was like, where are you going camping at? He was like Yellowstone Park. And I was like, okay, like what type of camping? A pop-up tent or like, raw camping? He was like, like, raw. I was like, what do you do, what's going on? Like, he's like, yeah, I'm out there by myself. And I was like, so do you be seeing wildlife? And he's like, yeah, I was like, I love wildlife. Like, what type of wildlife you see? He was like Grizzlies and things like that.  And he kept asking me and then finally, and finally I decided that I'm gonna go camping with Rob Link. And so he took me up to Pitchard Rock in Michigan, beautiful place, okay? And I'm so thankful that I went because I changed my cultural narrative. So now I see God in Rob Link like I've never seen God before. Because I spent time with Rob Link at Pitchard Rock. All right, let's go through some of these pitches real quick. Are we there? That is, man. That's not Pitchard Rock, but that wasn't really nice. All right, so one time Rob had on, Rob had on a kilt while we was camping. And you know, like in my neighborhood, and this was me and Rob went back and forth with. In my neighborhood, Rob, that's a skirt. He was like, James, no, that's a kilt. I was like, no, it's a skirt. I was like, if you want to wear a kilt, go ahead and wear a kilt. I'm never wearing a kilt. You know, but these type of occasions, man has caused me to just fall in love with this dude because Rob doesn't have to be like me. And I want to encourage you, just be you.  I got a guy at our church. He just started playing the keyboard for us. He's a Caucasian brother. And this dude is quiet as all get out. I mean, right, right, Tammy? It's barely that you can get three words out of him in three weeks, you know? But I told Jack, his name is Jack. I was like, Jack, just be you, man. We want to celebrate and respect you. You know, you bring something that we didn't have before. And that's you, right? So God wants us to celebrate one another. You know, as we do this desegregated life. Are we good? Cause you know, I'm kind of winging it. It's, we kind of, let me see something here. What's my next part? Oh, I really gotta preach now. Oh, there we go. Yeah, just go ahead and, yeah. Yeah, let's do the pictures, play. There we go, thank you. All right, yes, yes.  Now we really gotta. Okay, so do you guys know him? Nate Roosh, ever heard of Nate?  And then me and Nate, we started talking about University of Michigan football. And then he was like, man, let's go to a football game. You know, he was like, I have season tickets. And then all of a sudden, you know, we leaned in to this and we ended up at Michigan Stadium and I had always wanted to go to the big house. I drove by the big house, but I've never been in the big house. So this is me and Nate at the big house together. Okay, and Nate just recently spoke at Radiant and then we went out again when he came here. And this is this deserogated lifestyle that I'm talking about. It's like doing life with people. You know, learning people, and specifically because again, within our demographics here in Kalamazoo, you know, I wanna focus more on the African American and Caucasian relationship. You know, I think that that's just so huge. And I'll say this, that's very challenging. And this is what Lee was talking about, is that God wants to press us so we can experience the oil. And we're so used to being comfortable and he's trying to press us. And I believe this guys, okay, this is just my belief, is that part of this great revival is gonna be when the church walks out this deserogated life. All right, that's just my thinking. That's what I'm praying into. So you got all of these different relationships. These are guys over at the house, you know, some of the men, we call this guy the mayor of the area we live in. He runs everything, but he's not really the mayor.  You know, I had hair back then. You know, this is a team of people. We went to Africa together. You know, and I have some of those people here today. Let's go to the next slide. You know, Jesus loves Kalamazoo. You guys probably heard of that. That's a powerful movement that's happening here.  We have Julie Kaiser, you know, here today. This is a Hispanic church. This is a wedding I went to of two individuals, Carly, she calls me, her spiritual dad, you know, and so forth. Let's go to the next, you know, so we can speed this up a little bit. This is Jeff Port, you know, he pastors at Center Point Church. Me and him, we're cool. These are the Stones, our friends again. These is JLK at our house. You know, this is Rob, right here. This is Rob Link. He's tatted up from neck down. Okay, you know, but that's my guy right there. I love that brother. You know, so this is some of my, you know, some of my story, you know, and these relationships that I have, I can truly say from my heart that I love these people. I love these people. It's not surface, it's deep. Okay, right? And this is what, you know, if you're not experiencing this, this is what I want to push you into. If you are experiencing this already, God wants to push you to share it with other people. All right, let's go to the next slide. Y'all feeling the Holy Spirit up here? Just go down, just keep going. We're a little behind. Now we want to talk about, start moving into, okay, how do we do this? All right. I love Galatians 220. I've been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. The life that I now live in the flesh, I live it by faith, all right? In Him who loved me and gave Himself for me. Pastor, how does this look? Let's go to the next slide. This cross, so because we're kind of running out of time here is, see, all of us have come to the cross, right? We've had an encounter, you know, with the cross. In other words, we've been recipients of what Christ has done. So the way that I want to demonstrate this is like, I've been a recipient of love, right? How many of you guys have been a recipient of God's love? So not only have I been a recipient of God's love, now I'm a representative of God's love, right? So I'm coming to the cross and I'm dying to myself. I'm denying myself. So now I've received love and now I give love, right? And again, it's about this family. You know, how many of you guys love your bi... That might be a dangerous question. These days, some people have problems they're biological families. But don't raise your hands on this. But how many of you guys just love your biological family? My mom, she came up yesterday from the Detroit area and I was so happy to see my mom. And every time my mom comes to trenches, I acknowledge my mom in front of the whole congregation every time because that's the lady that birthed me into the earth. And she took care of me and I love my mom, okay? But I also want that same type of love that I have for my mom. I want that same type of love to be extended to you as my brothers and sisters in Christ. And this is how we live this deserrigated life is that again, we're leaning into this love. We're leaning into actually listening to one another like and learning from one another, right? And doing life with one another, maybe going camping. Maybe after this, somebody might invite me to go camping again somewhere.  Barriers are not broken down in any event. I'm just, it's about relationship, right? So we've experienced this love. I've experienced and a recipient of reconciliation. So now I'm a representative of reconciliation, right? So it's almost like we have to give what we've received and we have to represent Christ in that. And then I'm a recipient of life. So now, okay, James is dead and now how could I say this? Christ is at the forefront of everything that I do because guys, again, what I was growing up is I grew up in the Detroit area and in our neighborhood, we had to walk through an all-white neighborhood and we gathered together at like this corner in our neighborhood and we walked together in groups because at that time, okay, the racism was heightened. The schools were becoming segregated, desegregated and it was in tense time and we had to walk through and man, there were many times that we walked through and we were called the N-word, okay? We were chased and so forth and that could have been like engraved in my soul but it wasn't and I think that God graced me to not become bitter because he wanted me to stand before you today. So I really don't have a side. I have a Christ side, right? So I can come in a group like this and I can guarantee you're filling the passion and the love for the body of Christ because that's authentic and that's genuine because of my narrative. So James Harris, hey, I'm dead. Christ is at the forefront, James Harris is behind and just like I said in the beginning, if you're not seeing Christ in me, James needs to get out of the way because James will mess things up, right? And at times we'll be in the forefront and not Christ being in the forefront and we'll mess things up, okay? So you got this life and then you have peace. You got peace, I'm a recipient so I'm a peace guy. You know, if we're not at peace with one another, I'll do everything that I can to make it right, right? If there's separation in the body of Christ, I'm gonna do everything to make it right. Have you ever thought about this? I'm gonna throw this out to you. It's like Jesus prayed that the church would be one and we saw the heart of God, right, in the scriptures. Have you ever thought about this like why do we still have like predominantly white churches over here, predominantly black churches over here, predominantly Asian churches over here? Why is that still like that? And Jesus prayed it in his God's heart. Why is that still happening? Comfy.  All right, yeah. And I gave you small ones too. I didn't give you, I didn't give you stones, right? Again, this is my processing. Have we set ourselves in the body of Christ? What does that mean? Because if God sets the members in the body of Christ, that is pleased him, has God set up the white churches to be over here, the black churches to be over there and the Hispanic churches to be over there. I don't think so. I think that we've created that. I'm gonna let that one sit there for a little bit. Is that the truth? All right, all right. So we have to operate through this cross. If we're gonna live this desegregated lifestyle, we have to, okay, let's go to the next slide because we running out of time here. Okay, let's apply now, let's go to the next one. Now, in Acts chapter 10 and 11, this issue between the Jews and the Gentiles was still existing, right? So you had Peter, who was a Jew, then you had Cornelius, who was a Gentile, right? And the Gentile, Cornelius, was actually praying to God before he even got saved, okay? And I remember my wife saying this, that she prayed to God a lot before she got saved. So this Gentile was praying and then Peter was also praying and I'm wondering like, what was Peter praying?  And all of us have prayed, your kingdom come, your will be done on earth as it is in heaven, oh really? Because according to Revelation 7.9, heaven looks totally different than most of our lifestyles or our church.  God, I'm praying this prayer, but this is the way I wanna set up. I really don't wanna submit to the way you gotta set up because the way that I wanna set it up is gonna be comfortable for me. But when Jesus comes, he breaks down all the comfort, right? And he causes us to become who he has called us to be and what he's called us to do, okay? So you got this relationship in Acts. Now, the way that we do this, we gotta embrace the moment. I'm feeling this, we gotta embrace the moment. God is speaking. Are we gonna be like Israel and rebel against the voice of God? God is speaking, I'm all the way in Africa, going to Africa, see a pastor in the airport and God tells me to go over to the pastor and kinda like get to knowing and then all of a sudden, long story short, I was like pastor, what do you believe God is saying? He was from Nairobi. I was like, what do you think God is saying to the body of Christ? You know what he said? Unity. And I walk away from this guy, I'm like God, you are speaking and the church and us as individuals we have to embrace the moment. Take hold of what God is saying, okay? And we're praying and we're believing God for revival, but guys, let me let you know something. Let me let you in on a little secret. Revival is not gonna look the way that you think it's gonna look because if you have it all mapped out, okay, God just needs to get out of the way then. It's not gonna look anything the way that you think it's gonna look, okay? So we wanna embrace the moment. So in this, let's go to the next slide. Yeah, I talked about that, go to the next one. Peter had an encounter with God and then Cornelius had an encounter with God. Okay, now remember, Jews and Gentiles, they were separate and both of them had an encounter with God. And this is one lesson that I'm learning is that we'll narrow the encounter with God down to like, man, when we went to this worship service, God moved. Or when I was studying the word, man, the Holy Spirit breathed on me, right? But I wanna push you to experiencing an encounter with God a different way. I experience an encounter with God, the presence of God when I cross my ethnic boundaries and I get to know someone who is created in the image of God. And then I have this moment like, whoa, I didn't know that was in Lydia to dance the way she was dancing over in Africa, okay? But now that Lydia is being her, I see God in her and now I go like, whoa, God, that's beautiful, see? So they had this encounter with God that was starting to bring them together. Let's go to the next one. So we wanna embrace the encounter.  And we talked about this, embrace the voice. See, God is already talking to people in here. Grab a hold of that, lean in, lean into that voice. He's speaking, God's voice should be higher, all right, or louder than any other voice in your life, including the voice of your traditions. Because we have some traditions that make the power of God of no effect. Come on, y'all. And if you read in Acts chapter 10 and 11, God actually had to talk to Peter three times to break the tradition, right? Let's go to the next one. So we wanna embrace his voice. You wanna embrace the yes. Because as you read in there, Peter was like, God, I ain't never, ever, ever ate, all right, animals with hoofs and things like that. That's not part of my Jewish tradition. So God had to keep talking to him. And then finally, he embraced the yes instead of saying this, not so Lord. So God, I know you want me to live a deserited lifestyle, but, and God is like, get rid of the but and embrace the yes. Now I'm gonna show you at the end of this how revival came. Let's go to the next one, all right. Embrace hospitality. And break, lean into it because when the Gentile came to Peter's house, okay? The Bible says that Peter lodged them. In other words, he accepted them into his home, all right, and they slept over. Now that's amazing because when Peter goes to Cornelius's house, he was like, it's unlawful. Y'all feel, he said it's unlawful, all right, for a Jew to associate with a Gentile. In other words, in my tradition, in my culture, that's a crime. So in order for Peter to allow the Gentiles into his house, something was broke. Something was broken there and they became hospitable. He became hospitable to the individual, all right, who was different than his nation, right? I have people here today, I've been over their house, they've been to my house, we've ate at their house, they've eaten over at my house, all right, we've done things together, right? We're hospitable. I want to challenge us in something also is, and I'm learning, all of us are in the same boat together, but I want to challenge you guys something.  Don't just play like the person is not there. Say something. Extend, I mean, embrace the hospitality. You know, because I've been insiderous and I've talked to Lee about this, you know, because I come over to the pastor's meetings monthly or quarterly now, and I was like, Pastor Lee, man, sometimes I come to the staff meeting, I just feel totally out of place, right? Because at times I feel like the hospitality is not extended, and that's real, you know, at times we don't want to have these tough conversations, but that's not gonna stop me from going to the pastor's meetings, okay, I'm gonna keep going, right, because I believe in a desegregated lifestyle, and I love Pastor Lee, and we're learning to love one another, okay? You know, so embrace the hospitality, let's go to the next one, because we gotta get there, hurry up, embrace truth. I'm gonna throw this out here, okay? God's truth became more real to Peter than his tradition. I have some traditions as an African-American, but if my tradition doesn't line up with the truth, get rid of it, and our upbringings and things like that, if it don't line up with the truth, if you wanna experience this desegregated lifestyle, get rid of it, okay? Let's hurry up, we gotta roll humility, okay? Embrace humility, embrace it. When Peter went to Cornelia's house, you know what Cornelia's did? The theme that Cornelia's first did is that he bowed, right, to Peter, and Peter said this, this is so powerful.  What happened there, okay? Peter had this mentality of superiority over a Gentile, right, he's had this encounter, God has changed his life, all right, and he had this encounter with the Gentile, and then he saw the Gentile as equal to him, not below him. So he became humble. I'm a man just like you, so get up, right? So we have to embrace being humble before God and humble before one another, right? Let's go to the next one, we gotta hurry up, all right? Now embrace the revival. Now I know that Pastor Lee talked about this in the main session. Through all of this, guys, what happened? The Holy Spirit showed up, read it, in Acts chapter 10, the Holy Spirit showed up, Cornelia's whole family got saved, and everybody in the household got saved. The Holy Spirit came, they started speaking in tongues, and also baptism took place. Now you tell me that's not revival. But Jesus had to break down the barriers first in order for that to happen. So we smelled the rain in our city, okay? And Pastor Lee said this also, guys, in order for revival to happen, God has to revive us first.  Because this is one of the things that God is saying to his church, get it together, get it together, all right?  That's why you guys came to this session, because you wanna get it together, right? All right? Now I'm gonna give you a 10-minute test. Because remember, we prayed in the beginning like, Lord, search my heart. So we're gonna get God an opportunity to search your heart a little bit more before you leave. So you got these rocks. Pull your rocks out. Guys, getting something out of this yet? Okay, all right. We had two people that said yes. Okay. All right. Now you should have, your rocks should look like this. It should be two separate bags, two different, okay? Okay. Now, I don't have any clue of how this is gonna go. So I'm like, Lord Jesus, help us. This is the first time I've ever done this, okay? Okay, now, this bag of rocks right here, this represent white people, okay? This bag right here, all right? This represents people of color, all right? Got it? Now, now what we wanna do is just give you a test, all right, to see how multicultural and multi-ethnic your life is. Not your church, but your life. Because I believe that if your life represents that, then your church will be a reflection of your life. Okay, y'all ready? Okay, here come the Holy Spirit. By the breather, you got by the get filled, okay? All right? First question. Now, if, yeah, just this is assessment, this is not the question, you know? But yeah, go back up where you were, yeah? So I want you to just be thinking about this before we do it. How are you willing to engage another cultural or ethnic narrative outside of your own? Okay, that's gonna be, hey. I'm gonna explain it. Yeah, for this session, just like we said, because that's the predominant ethnicities within, you know, the Kalamazoo area and you might live somewhere else, you know, we're going to do the black, white thing, okay? Is that cool? I know that's uncomfortable, but it's uncomfortable for me too. I know it's uncomfortable, but we're gonna go where the Holy Spirit is leading us, all right?  Got that? Okay, if you are Caucasian, all right, you're going to be grabbing the colored bag, right? And then you're going to be putting those rocks into your cultural context, okay? Got that? Okay, I had a hand up. Yes, ma'am. I knew that was gonna happen. Yes. Like I said, this is the first time, so we're learning. So next time I'm gonna know what if you're mixed, all right? So let's go to the first one, all right? Have you had breakfast, lunch, or dinner with someone of another ethnicity in the past six months to a year? If so, just choose one of those rocks and put it in your cultural context. Got it? Okay. Next question. Have you been at the home of someone of a different ethnicity or they've been to your home in the past six months to a year? Okay, yeah, just put them in your rock. Y'all don't be saying yes and all of that, like. Cause one thing that we don't wanna do, if our context looks multicultural, multi-ethnic, we don't wanna become prideful in that, all right? Okay, we wanna stay humble. All right, next question. Is that, that's the next one. Okay, have you visited another church, attended a conference or workshop led by someone of a different ethnicity in the past six months to a year? Next one. Do you have someone you consider a friend? Someone you talk with on a regular basis of a different ethnicity? And particularly, I should have said this in the beginning, particularly, you know, African-American or Caucasian, but we'll just keep it moving. Next one. Do you listen to worship music of a different ethnicity? Next one. Do you frequent read books written by an author of a different ethnicity? I hear rocks exchanging, boy, yes, that's what's up. Next one. Do you attend movies or stage plays written or directed by someone of a different ethnicity? Next one. Do you have pictures in your phone of you and someone of a different ethnicity? Next one. Does your social media have pictures of you and others of a different ethnicity? Next question. Have you had the race or injustice conversation with an African-American or someone of European descent? And think this is the last one. Is that it?  Is that it? Cause I forgot how. Now, what you want to do is we don't necessarily want to see your bag or your baggage. No, I'm just kidding. We don't want to see your bag. What you want to do is you want to take your bag and you want to talk to God about your bag. If your bag is multicultural, multi-ethnic, you know, man, we celebrate it, share that with others. If it's not, then you want to ask God, how come my bag doesn't look like that? And allow the father to talk to you in that area. All right, cause he has a way of saying things to you that I can't. You know, he knows where you are and what you need and how you need to grow. Amen? All right.  All right?


The proposed method is a novel approach to SAR image registration which uses a multiclass classification network to identify matching points between two SAR images. The network is trained using key points extracted from both images and then uses these points to generate sub-images which are used as training and testing data. This process helps to reduce the diversity between the two images, making it easier to find matching points. Additionally, a precise matching module is used to eliminate any inconsistencies in the results. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy and robustness. This article was authored by Xiao Zhengdeng, Sha Sha Mao, Jin Yuan Yang, and others.


We need more awkward interfaith, the kind that makes many a little bit uncomfortable. That could be people of faith engaging with the non-religious or those who've left a religion, acknowledging rather than dismissing others negative faith experiences, creating opportunities for those from minority faiths or none to lead, giving interfaith families and LGBT people the support they really need. Most of all, awkward interfaith means confronting our own failings in the interfaith community, so as to become truly inclusive for everyone.


Good day, Phil Investors. Benjamin Graham says that the investor's chief problem, perhaps even his worst enemy, is the investor himself. Therefore, to really invest well over the long term, to get to high investment returns with low risk, we first and foremost have to develop our investing mindset. We have to learn how not to make mistakes when going to get stuff, what to do, what is the right thing to do. And therefore, I will start this investing series videos focused really on developing the right investing mindset. In this video, we will discuss stock price action and your good or bad reaction. How, why we do what we do, why average investors do what they do, why is that usually very costly. I'm going to give you a few examples on what you should focus when it comes to investing, not stock prices, and then three simple steps to take away from this video that you can always apply to whatever investment that will allow you to weather all the stock market storms that are definitely ahead of you. You don't know when those will come, but those will come and you have to know what to do. If you look at 99% of stock market related content on the talking heads on CNBC, Bloomberg, whatever, YouTube, 99% of the content is related to stock price action. We are at the end of the year as I'm filming this December. So now we'll have a lot of articles and videos about what was the yearly performance of the stock market or ETF or something. Who was the best this year, the worst this year? And you will see a flooding of such articles and then forecasts into the next year. What will be the best market? Should you buy bonds for 2020? Should you buy this? Should you buy that? All price related. What was the best performer? People will usually flock to the best performance. What was the worst performer? And people will get rid of that because everything focuses on the stock price. And that's the wrong way to invest. The right way to invest is to focus on businesses because stock prices have been investing for 20 years. Stock prices are and will always be unpredictable. What you can focus on, what you can rely on when it comes to investing are business fundamentals. Now why do we focus on stock price action and not businesses? Why do we not simply invest for the long term? That's because our brain has been wired through 2 million years of evolution. And in those 2 million years, only in the last few thousand years, we are more of a thinking animal living in a comfortable home with security. Before that, we had to watch for bears, tigers, living in the woods, storms, fires. And we had to constantly listen to the noise in our environment and immediately react. If you hear a bear or a wolf or something, you would run, run in panic, run to the second wiring that we have and that's herd behavior. Because it was very important that you stick to the herd then and survive together. Similarly, if you see a stock price go down, it means that the herd is selling, which gives you the message, okay, the herd to which I belong is selling I have to sell to. And that worked over 2 million years to survive. But that's so far away from the comfortable chair you are making decisions now. So we are sitting in your chair looking at your screen and you are making decisions about investing. And that's a completely different brain you need to have.  And I'll give you now a few examples about long-term investing and listening to noise so that you can slowly start to wire your investment brain to what really works today when we are in our cozy apartments, cozy offices, cozy seats and not fighting bear, stigers or wolfs. So those concepts are extremely important to be understood. Psychological concepts, but extremely important because after all, you are your worst enemy when it comes to investing. Warren Buffett in his 2008 conference for shareholders went so far that he said that you should forget about the stock price. So that's something really, really hard to understand. You invest in stocks and you should forget about the stock price. But let me give you a few examples that will really give you a clear investing perspective on what he meant. Let's start. So he said that you should forget about the stock price in his 2008 shareholder meeting in May of 2008. Now let's say that you googled the Berkshire meeting in 2008. You found the video. You listened to the video. You heard, okay, all you have to do is to invest in good businesses and then forget about the stock price. Let's say that you had a hundred thousand. You thought Google was a good business in 2008. You enjoyed the YouTube video with Buffett and then you said, okay, I'm going to take my $100,000 that I have and put it at Google stock in May 2008 as Buffett said and forget about the stock price. I bought Google at $286. Just seven months later, you would look at your brokerage account and you would see it below $50,000. So $50,000, half of your initial investment just went into smoke and this is what's really painful when it comes to investing. This is what nobody or very few can tolerate and this is where people actually lose money. Newspapers were full of articles about how everybody is selling. This is an excerpt from the Wall Street Journal struggling with whether to hold sell or somewhat improbably buy. Nobody was buying in October 2008. Then others purging vulnerable stocks from the portfolio already moving to sell several of their stocks because there was pure panic and if we look at the JP Morgan Guide to Markets, this is the eternal chart that's so important. The average investor realized a yearly return over 20 years of just around 2% while the SAP and all other classes, SAP 500 and all other classes did much better. Why is that? Because investors usually panic, sell at the wrong time, instead of buying more when there is negative stock price action. And if you buy more when things go bad, if you buy good businesses, you beat the market. Needless to say, what happened to Google, the initial $100,000 investment would now be close to half a million. So just what 10, 11 years later, half a million dollars would be what Google delivered. But so many focused on the stock price, so many focused on the 50% short-term decline in 2009 and it was really a mess then. But this is investing. Investing is buying businesses, no matter the stock price action in the short-term versus speculating, versus panicking about crashes. And I see so many panic words when it comes to crashes out there. That is incredible. Further, just to note here, there is so much focus on short-term price movements that even when Warren Buffett does an interview on CNBC, they constantly show the yearly performance and the daily performance. That's absolutely crazy. They're interviewing Buffett and showing stock price movements over a day or over a year. That's totally counter what Buffett is speaking there. But we focus, we as people focus on that short-term performance. To give you another example, an example I already discussed when I did a video on small-cap stocks and that is Walmart. Walmart stock fell from 6.3 cents to 1.6 cents in less than two years from 1972 to 1974. That was down 75%. Imagine someone telling you that Walmart should be the best investment in your lifetime and that you should put $10,000 in it in 1972. Two years later you would be left with just $2,500. Would you still love that person or would you be angry? Many would be angry, sell in panic and then miss on the huge upside that was next. Because the $10,000 invested in 1972 would turn into 19.2 million now, not including dividends. Further, if you focus on business, if you look at Walmart's annual report from 1974, despite that the stock price action was there telling you it was a bad investment, down 75%. Walmart's sales over the five years were constantly growing, went from 30 million to 167 million, income went from 2 million to 11 million, income per share went from 23 cents to 93 cents, number of stores doubled so everything was doing great. It was going on great with Walmart. The business was doing well but people kept selling and the stock price fell 75%. Those that held on to that, those that bought more, those are those that are rich now. So what to focus on? How not to get attracted by those stock price movements that everybody is selling, everybody is talking about? Well, it's pretty simple. You have to invest in businesses, focus on the business before you are buying. You really have to know well the business you are getting into own the business and expect your return not to come from the stock price, expect your return to come from the business. Be it in dividends, be it in investments. So the business is reinvesting growing. There are businesses that have both good dividends, both growth and both a moat and value and you can find them for fair prices out there now. Just look for those things. Secondly, how much are you going to put into something that depends on where you are in your life situation? How much are you going to put into stocks depending on what your goals are? And that's even better answered when you compare the stock price before you buy the fixed stock price, not the movements. You say, OK, the stock price is now 100. The business is giving it earnings of 10 price earnings ratio, let's say of 10 dividend of 5%. It will double the business in the next 10, 20 years. So that's good. That's growth. So I can expect a good business owner business has a competitive advantage. And then you say, OK, do I have other better options? No, then you invest. And if it goes down, you simply reinvest the dividend and then you own more and more and more of a good business. And that makes all the difference when it comes to investing. Thanks for watching. If you wish to check the businesses I am invested in for the very long term, that will I think weather cycles that will deliver great returns from the business side to investors that are ready to hold them for the really long term. Please check my stock market research platform in the links below. Thank you and I'll see you in the next video.


The development and dispersal of the Indo-European languages are variously attributed to the upper Paleolithic, as we shall hear a little bit today, the Neolithic as the Renfrew and the Bronze Age, the Co-Gam hypothesis, the last of which is currently the most favoured by linguists. Identifying the point of origin, the Proto-indo European homeland, and the timing of the dispersal of Indo-European has depended largely on archaeology, i ddweud yn digon'u ddim yn rhaglen ddiwedd. Y gweithio'r llwstwynt yw'r hyfforddiad yn ystafell hynny. O'n ddatblygu y gwylliannod o fath o'r rhaglen a'r gwahodd. Gweithio'r rhydd yn ynnig o'r gweithio'r hyfforddiad, mae'r llwyddoedd hynny yn mae'n ddwylch o'r fath o'r rhaglen a'r llwyddoedd yn ymgyrchol mae'n amser yn gweithredu. ..on y basis yn y ffordd y genedig. Mae ydw i'r anhygoelio yn y cyfnodau yng Nghyrch Llywodraeth.. ..y'r anhygoelio yma'r ffordd yng Nghyrch Llywodraeth. Mae'r anhygoelio yn y ffordd o gyfnod, ac mae'n cyfnod.. ..y'r anhygoelio'n cyfnod mae genedig i gwybodaeth.. ..a hynny'n mynd i ymgylch yn fan. Yn y gwirio'r anhygoelio'r anhygoelio.. ..y'r anhygoelio ar gyfer genedig sydd yn cyfnod.. gyda unrhyw wedi'u craffu ar y cyfl waveformi celf ar gyfer, mae nid i'n gwybod a'n cael fod yn iawn i'n ôl yn ddud ag nesaf.  Mae'n angen i'n ddifeniau o'u gyflym yn yr ymdyn ni, ..teis including, not for that paper, is given place, at a given time in prehistory.. ..by infants is material culture and genetics. For the period beforeagitn records give us linguistic information ling Zucker.. ..to give some indication when gho Sut gyda'i tetrages. I hope, in this paper, to set out a methodology that.. ..can be used to identify the language or languages perhaps spoken in a given.. ..area, at a given time in prehistory. here, all too briefly I'm afraid, strongly suggests that a Germanic language, a predecessor of Old English, was spoken in parts of Britain before the Roman period and that it was not brought through Anglo-Saxon invasions in the post-Roman period. So this goes further than Dathlen Ash Briggs' paper where she am ychydig i'r ddalunio gyda gymeneilol sy'n myxio ar Brytoniaid. Mae'r metodologiaeth yn y ddeud yw i'r anlygu llansgapau a'r Brytoniaid yn unig yw dda i gael gweld yn llunio'n gwneud yn y pre-hwyl gafael a'r meddwl. Roedd y llansgapau yng Ngheilwch yn y Llywodraeth Ynglo yw'r ffordd o'r llansgapau. Mae'r llansgapau yn y brithwyd ar Brytoniaid, between the end of the Roman period, conventionally 410 AD and the Norman conquest, 1066. After that it becomes Middle English and then Modern English. If groups of old English place names indicate a landscape that prevailed in prehistory, then this would suggest that a Germanic language and ancestor to English was being spoken. I set out this hypothesis while working on the evolution of settlement and field systems in the landscape of South West Britain. There was clearly great continuity in the division and use of the landscape that extended back into later prehistory. And some place names seem to be describing the prehistoric land use rather than the medieval. The methodology I used was not original. It had been used before by Professor Charles Thomas back in 1985 to provide a chronology for the inundation of Silly, the island group of the southwestern tip of Cornwall. Thomas used place names to determine the date that the landscape of the Silly isles was drowned, dividing it into an archipelago of smaller islands. The technique is effective only for landscapes that have experienced a major well of evidence changes. So here he found that the Bretonic names for shoreline and waterline went only around the outside of the archipelago, whereas English names describing shorelines were facingwards. So he could suggest that the inundation had taken place in the late post-German period. In fact, this has since been proven to be wrong, but there has been recent environmental work done on the Sillys, which was shown much earlier, but the technique is still an important one. Relating landscapes to place names, I call toponym environment correlation analysis, TECA, matching place names to specific environmental situations. Well, like Thomas, I decided to analyse hydronymic terms, in other words, watery place names, in relation to their landscapes. The old English word for an island, which is pronounced A or E, occurs frequently both in major and minor place names in Britain. I've so far recorded over 400 instances. Names with A elements describe four main types of location. Marine islands like Jersey, Lundy, Orkney, Caldy. Islands in wetlands and levels. These include large areas of wetlands like the Fends, the Somerset Levels, the North West Wetlands, and the Humber Wetlands. There are also a number of isolated wetlands such as Romney Marsh in Kent. Island names with the element include Thawney, Wittlesey, Atheldy, lots on the levels and the Fends. Thirdly, there are riverine islands, like Chelsea and Battersea on the Thames. And lastly, islands in Mears. Mears was the old English name for what we now call a lake. Related to the island names of the last type of place names comprising hydronymic elements such as old English mere and old English pole and old English pool, meaning pool. Many A and mere names are found in areas that are now usually in the Saxon period, too, on dry land. Place names study therefore of necessity attributed a wider meaning to the elements. The element mere is judged to mean also seasonally flooded river valleys on Marshland, while A island is deemed to mean also dry grounds surrounded by marsh. So, in order to accommodate this environmental paradox they've actually adjusted the meanings of what island and lake meant. It can be shown that such an extension of meaning is not necessary, since these areas can be shown to have been mears or islands in prehistory. It is only the premise that English was not spoken that prevents this interpretation. In order to test the hypothesis that A names were given to islands before the arrival of the Saxons, a test area would have to satisfy the following criteria. The area must contain a number of A place names. The area must have been unquestionably believed dry since the Roman period. One area that satisfies these criteria, and there are others, is the Upper Thames Valley, where there is a cluster of place names with the A element, including Oxy, Ampley, Masey, Cerny and Aisey, all island names. This is in the Upper Thames, just to show you the location. A plan of that valley and the white area there shows where a lake must have existed, according to these many place names. In the western mea, Oxy, which means Wax Island, Aisey, another name for an island, a sort of double term. Myndity, which is Wild Mint Island, appears islands above the 85-metre contour. Down Ampley, clearly another island name. A north and south Cerny, also probably islands, are difficult to locate due to the disruption by recent gravel extraction. In the parish of Myndity is the field name Ry Close. There's Walkney, which is fullers or Wilkers Island. I'll run through a quick list of them. Just a massive number of hydronimic names concentrated here. Fringing the mea is a series of hydronimic names, such as Pool Keans, Poolton, the field name None and Up Pool, Nun's Pool and the field name Le Marolise, which means, which is leased by the mea. Summerford Keans, which implies there was a forward that was only crossable in the summer when the water wasn't cascading down from the Cotswolds, suggests there was a seasonal fluctuation in the water level. Sturt or steot, Old English, a projecting piece of land frequently over water overlooks the mea from the south side, while Cricklade, the place name scholar Margaret Gelling, indicates that it's possible to cross the mea by boat at this point. There's also a name Wine Shore, which may be bank with a windlass. In the eastern part of the mea are the islands referred to in the place names Rumsey Meadow, an island name Reedy Farm, the fishery Ayot, Ayot meaning an island. This mea is also borded by hydronyms, including Sturt's again, steot, mea, dimmer, oakie, lechlaed, again a ferry crossing, and Beaumont, meaning bull mea. Between the mea lies Marston Maisie, Marston is Marsh Farm, but the Maisie is Moss Island. The name may therefore, sorry, which is echoed in the name of the nearby parish, Maisie Hampton. Like the islands referred to by Ampley and Cerny, it has either been destroyed by gravel extraction, or is submerged by alluvial and colluvial sediment from the Cotswals to the north. The concentration and distribution of hydronyms in the area between oakie and Cricklade strongly suggests the presence at a time in the past of a large body of water, some 23 kilometres long. The presence of the Irmyn Way, the Roman road from Silchester to Sirencester, crossing obliqually through the centre of the western mea, demonstrates that the mea must have been drained before the 1st century AD. More importantly, it's likely that language used in the naming of places around the mea was an ancestor of Old English. This is part of a wider study of languages in prehistoric Britain, which also involved the study of Roman place names, established in the 19th century, established in place names, established in a framework for when certain place name elements were common, like biog, which is commonly used for early Bronze Age burial mounds, barach, which is very commonly used for Iron Age hill forts, and ham and tun, which appear to be later terms. There are, of course, profound implications of this research on the dating of languages in Britain. My research strongly supports the possibility that a Germanic language was spoken in eastern Britain as early as the early Bronze Age from 2400 BC, and it may well be earlier still. This does not necessarily conflict with the Kurgan hypothesis, or the hypothesis that the Indo-European languages were spread through farming, but it is also possible that a Germanic language was spoken in Britain during the last evident settlement of Britain 12,000 years ago. While the arrival in Britain of a Germanic language can be established from this research as having taken place no later than the 2nd millennium BC, it is not yet possible to determine the period more precisely. It is hoped that the other papers and discussion in this session might throw some light on the most likely chronology. Thank you.


Hi everyone, Shawn with jaspyscasebrakes.com here doing 2020 Bowman baseball jumbo ht a four box half case break random team number four So some break description here 2020 Bowman baseball gentlemen four box 30 spots all teams in no paper ship except for Jason Dominguez Robert Flosson and Bobby wit all chrome card ship So Bowman baseball details about the product everything else is straightforward So here is our customer list from Raymond de Jesus last spot mojo back up to J. Remington and The teams from the Washington Nationals back up to the Diamondbacks so Let's do dice roll One and a six seven times. Good luck seventh and final time From Brad Newman down to Brett Smith's and seven times on the teams seventh and final time From the Padres down to the Yankees So let's see how it all ended up So Brad Newman with the Padres Jeff Keneer with the Dodgers and the Giants Ryan Redmond with the Royals Michael R. C. L'Arcio with the Marlins Anthony Colonsis with the Nationals Eric Craig with the Astros Debra Close with the Cardinals Jeff Keneer with the Angels and the White Sox Brandon Metzler with the Rangers Mark Nation with the Diamondbacks Jay Goins with the Brewers Jay Remington with the Pirates Brandon Metzler with the Rays Jeff Keneer with the Rockies Sal Vila Senor with the Tigers Seth Lawrence with the Metz Walter Lutz with the A's Jay Remington with the Cubs Ryan Redmond with the Red Sox Eric Craig with the Mariners Anthony Colonsis with the Reds Seth Lawrence with the Braves Brandon Metzler with the Indians in the Blue Jays Jeff Keneer with the Phillies Ryan Redmond the Orioles Raymond de Jesus with the Twins and Brett Smithson with the Yankees Quick trade window if anybody is in the chat and would like to try to trade You can see up on the Nick cam. These are all tagged So this is ranked number four Let's start ripping open the first one here Like no talks of trades So let's print rip. These do not make it very easy to do What we've been doing with the most recent version at all This year is draft much easier Instead of paper chrome paper chrome Paper chrome paper To our final list Here's our boxes. So only paper the chips is Dominguez Plosson and wit Jason Dominguez New York Yankees Brett Smithson. So all Dominguez paper and all Yankees obviously are gonna go to Brett Bobby with junior can city Royals Ryan Redmond Elliot Ramos gold to 50 for the San Francisco Giants Jeff Keneer Joey Cantillo or Cantillo auto for the San Diego Padres going to Brad Newman Bobby with junior Kansas City Royals Ryan Redmond Ruben Cardenas purple to 250 for the Tampa Bay Rays Brandon Metzler and Tony Dibberl Auto to 250 for the New York Mets Seth Lawrence Nico Horner rookie for the Cubs Jay Remington Robert Watson chrome Oakland A's Walter Lotz boba shit rookie Toronto blue J's Brandon Metzler Louise Robert Chicago White Sox Jeff Keneer Louise Gill to 125 for the New York Yankees Brett Smithson I already stood a Sikino for the Reds Anthony Colanzas Bobby with junior Kansas City Royals Ryan Redmond Brendan McKay Tampa Bay Rays Brandon Metzler Jackson Rutledge refractor auto to 499 for Washington and Anthony Colanzas Louise Robert Chicago White Sox Jeff Keneer. That's box one Robert Poisson for the A's Joey Votto to 499 for the Reds Anthony Colanzas Bobby with junior for the Royals Jason Dominguez for the Yankees Dazz Cameron to 499 for the Tigers Sal Vila senior Damon Jones sparkle auto to 299 For the Philadelphia Phillies Jeff Keneer Jordan Alvarez for the Astros Eric Craig Louise Robert for the White Sox Jeff Keneer Cole wind 499 for the Texas Rangers Brandon Metzler Brandon Howlett auto for the Red Sox Ryan Redmond Jason Dominguez Yankees Brett Smithson Josh Young sparkle to 299 Texas Rangers Brandon Metzler Robert Poisson for the A's Walter Lotz Glenn Allen Hill Junior For the Diamondbacks Mark Nation Absolutely, man. Congrats. Had a nice little run there Robert Poisson for the A's Robert Poisson nice to 499 for the Oakland A's Walter Lutz Jason Dominguez for the Yankees Bo Vichette to 499 for the Blue Jays Brandon Metzler Bobby with junior for the Royals Jason Dominguez For the Yankees Brett Smithson Micah Bello For the Milwaukee Brewers Jay Goins Robert Poisson for the A's Bobby with junior to 125. There you go Kansas City Royals Ryan Redmond Grant Little the 250 auto for the Padres Brad Newman nice with junior Sean Murphy gold auto to 50 Oakland A's Walter Lutz Kyle Lewis for the Mariner Eric Craig Jason Dominguez for the Yankees Brett Smithson Nico Horner for the Cubs Jay Remington. That's box three What's up, Sam? How are you doing good? Let's finish up another nice night. You know Robert Poisson for the A's Christian Robinson yellow to 75 Arizona Diamondbacks Mark Nation Bobby with junior for the Royals Jason Dominguez for the Yankees Mike Trout to 499 for the Angels Jeff Keneer and our last stack of chrome Good luck everybody Kyle Lewis for the Mariners Eric Craig Bobby with junior Kansas City Royals Ryan Redmond Jason Dominguez New York Yankees back-to-back Brett Smithson Thomas Dillard for the Milwaukee Brewers J. Goins Adam Hill purple auto to 250 for the Milwaukee Brewers J. Goins Jordan Groscian's gold for the two blue J's to 50 Brandon Metzler Brandon McKay for the Rays Brandon Metzler Debbie Garcia sparkle for the Yankees Brett Smithson and our last auto Damon Jones refractor to 499 for the Phillies and Jeff Keneer That's our break That was 2020 Bowman Baseball jumbo HTA four box half case Break random team number four from Jaspies case breaks calm. I'm Sean Jaspies case breaks calm. Thanks for hanging out We'll see you next time