When I'm doing web development and I'm kind of pushing my community towards doing this, I like to test my sites for accessibility for the work that I'm doing. And one of the things I've been using is the Wave Accessibility tool, which allows me to do that, gives me feedback on exactly what's right and what's wrong. It's maybe not the cleanest, prettiest thing I've ever used in my life. But I'm here with, and I've forgotten your name one more time, Oliver Emberton from Salktide, who is a free service that's going to help us do a better job of testing our sites for accessibility. Is that correct? That's very correct. Yes, we went out of our way. We've been using Wave for about a decade or so. We went out of our way to look at Wave, to look at AX, to look at all of the major free tools out there, and we took all of the best bits of all of them and we shamelessly stole them and we made them better. Okay. And we're giving it away for free. Well, that's my language. So in general, what I'm used to being able to do is to just look at my website and see, have I missed any image descriptions? What about contrast is a big one? That one's always really hard for me to fix because it doesn't ever tell me what to do about it. It just says, nope, it's wrong. And so I guess another number and it says, nope, it's still wrong. You know, hot or cold, hot or cold? Well, I know why that's tricky because the thing with color is you can suggest colors, but sometimes there's a human judgment component, right? Should you make it lighter? Should you make it darker?  Reds are easier to make contrasting than orange, for example. People don't know that. Right. Just give me a hit. Yeah, yeah. No, fair enough. I mean, we provide contrast tools. It's built in there, much like all of these others, right? We'll give you the color dropper, we'll scan your page, we'll automatically find a text where the contrast is too low, where the contrast is good enough, and we'll tell you things like this text could be larger or you could bump the contrast. So, you know, choose. Okay, so make design choices that can still achieve the same goal? That's the aim. Okay, okay. So, how does this work? Is this a separate app or a plug-in? What is this? Yeah, so right now it's a Chrome extension, so it's completely free. You just Google for silk tide in the Chrome Store, and then you just install it. And it takes, like, one mouse click, and then you have an array of free tools, which includes the color contrast you mentioned, and a whole ton of other stuff, like a screen reader simulator, for example. A screen reader simulator? How does that work? Well, it's kind of what it sounds like on a tin, so we work with screen readers all day long, right? And if you've ever had the experience yourself, you'll know it's really, really difficult to set up a screen reader. Screen readers are a lot of work, right?  Unless you're on a Mac and it's already there. Well, yeah, I don't like to brag, yeah, that's true. But no, but even then, right, so I do use a Mac, and it's still tricky because you have to go through like a learning process. There's like an entire wizard. Oh, it's not easy to learn. I didn't say that, but it's at least already there. Yeah, yeah, and I've been using one of those for years, and I still get lost. I still sometimes get trapped somewhere, and I'm like, how do I get out of here? And I reset the whole thing. So what we did is we just built a one-click button inside this tool that just simulates the screen reader inside any web page you're viewing in Chrome.  You don't need to learn the screen reader, it's already there. An example where I was using this with XhapastWD in our development process with Helma and Mike Price and some others is we were trying really hard to make sure we had labels on everything so that screen readers would be okay. But I discovered by using a test screen reader that there were like two areas out in the middle of nowhere that were reading things out audibly, and that's not what we wanted. Didn't realize we were causing that, but you'd be able to see that with SilkTide. Yeah, and that's exactly why you need it, right? Because you can do all of the abstract learning that you like. You can sit there and read the theory, but there's no substitute for actually experiencing it yourself. Exactly, exactly. I mean, imagine if you were making TV back in the day, I remember this. You're making TV for black and white TVs. How old am I? Don't ask. And no, so as late as in the 90s, they were making TV ads, and they had to make sure that they still worked on black and white televisions. Sounds crazy. And you can try and guess what that's like, or you can just find a black and white television. And if you don't do that, you can do all the theory, you can be like, oh, I think this color works, and I think that... No, you just need to try it. There's no substitute for that. The problem has been with screen readers is that's incredibly hard, and we were like, can we make that something you can do in two mouse clips, which it now is. Oh, that's a fantastic idea. So can we take a look at it and see how this works? Absolutely. All right. We're going to do a live demo here. So now the audience is audio and video. Are you going to be able to hold that still enough up in the air? Well, I'll see your point. Shall we try this? Yes. Okay. So I'm going to talk through what's going on, because there's audio-only listeners as well. Okay. So I'm just going to open the extension, which is one click up here. He's got a website open called fakeuniversity.com. Yeah.  So this opened up a sidebar on the left. It's a silk tide, and it's got a bunch of different options for accessibility checker, color contrast, alt text, screen readers. All right. Yeah, all sorts. So the sort of thing that people will often want to do is they might want to go into, say, focus order. This is one that I like. So if I click on focus order, this shows you the order of parts of the page as you would tab through them. So if you're using assistive tech, you can see how you would step through the difference. So what we're seeing on screen is a purple line with numbers on it. And so when it gets to each button, it's got the number there. I see eight, and then there's a picture of an image. That's nine. And that would have been also useful in what we were doing. We had a banner that was in the order four. So you'd get content, content, content. Here's a picture for no reason. And this would have visually really told it to us. Absolutely. And then in the same way, I'm sure we've all been here where you're like, well, what's the alternative text on this page? If you want to see it, you can click on this. And we'll tell you the alt text, for example, is missing on this image. And we'll tell you what it is on other parts of the page. So these are actually all missing alt text. In fact, this is kind of a bad example. Let me show you a website that does it well. So now it's on the BBC. Oh, BBC. Oh, the Brit's got to bring this up. Well, of course I do. I am still technically legally half British.  I am indeed a Texan. And I won't deny it. And I prefer Texas to England. Don't hold it against me. Oh, geez. Controversy. You're finding it here. Spicy take. Anyway, what you can see is alternative text on the screen overlaid over these images. So yeah, in every image, we can see what the alt text is. And we're seeing a lot of green on the BBC website. That's right. But one of the things that we found is that when we were looking at websites or testing or improving websites, you want to see the alternative text in context. You want to know what it applies to without doing lots of extra work. So the idea of this is it just makes it really, really obvious. Oh, yeah. Excellent. So I'm going to come back out of that. Let's go back to the fake university website. And I'm just going to show you the screen reader simulator because this is definitely one of my favorite things. So is this going to be talking out loud? I should move the mic down to the speaker? I'll turn the sound up a little bit. It's going to be hard to judge. We'll see how this goes. So if I click on this, oh, no. I'm going to mute it now because that's going to get annoying very quickly. So we all know what a screen reader is like. The idea of this is that we've made a sidebar that gives you, firstly, immediately obvious controls on how to use this. So previous, next, and select. So you can go through here. I can select this button, for example, if I wanted. And then everything that's being spoken out loud is shown here as a transcript. So if you're not able to remember what was just happening, you can read it later on. The idea is, for example, I might be a web developer working on this and I don't have perfect memory for one or I don't want to turn this audio on and listen to the robot voice throughout my day, I can just leave it silently there and read the narration. And then there's a whole ton of stuff because, of course, a real screen reader has things like you might skip to headings and so on. And when you're doing that, you need to know your shortcuts. There are very shortcuts for landmarks, headings, links, form inputs, et cetera. We've simulated all of those and you can run those and see how they behave on your site. Oh, that is really slick. I like this and it isn't ugly. All right, this is a hard one. You know how I feel about contrast? Let's see the contrast color checker. Okay, so there's a couple of things here. So the color contrast checker, we've got a tool here designed to help do the thing that you would expect, which is, you know, you can pick out any two colors.  So you can do, for example, that. We also have a... Well, hang on one second here. We're apparently, we're getting the hook. Okay, one hour to closing time. Okay, so going back to the color contrast checker, I think that's got the thing I wanted, was that when you go, when he's flipping through, he's able to see and choose different colors right on the fly and see whether it fixes the contrast. I've had to go back into my web design, into the HTML and change it in order to see and then rerun the wave tool. Yeah, so I will be honest. At the moment, we do let you change... Sorry, you can see here the colors. We're highlighting, I don't know if you can see this, this part of the page where the contrast is not good enough. We'll show you what's going on, but we don't currently give you a tool here to preview changing that color. Now that you've sent it out loud to me and put me on the spot, I'm like, that's a good feature, we should do that. Well, I thought I just saw you do it a second ago. You picked two colors and you said that's not a good example. No, no, no, you're right. Yeah, so that's sorry, that's something else. That's for like, you can look at any two colors you'd like. So for example, I could go, how does that color contrast with, say, that color? And yeah, that you can... Yeah, so just take that little tool there and stick it over in the other color checker so I can get it right. In the, when we're going back to the, not just color contrast, build this capability you have here over into when I've got to fail. Where I can say, okay, let me pick it, let me darken, darken, darken. Okay, good enough. I got my 4.52 to one contrast ratio. That makes perfect sense. I, well, I have been working on this project for a while. I'll be very happy to take it back to the team and say, oh guys, sort it out. I love it, I love it. All right, this is really fantastic. Is that all the high points there? There is just one more thing I'll show you because it's easily missed. Everything you've seen here works on different devices. So if I wanted, I could have done that on an iPad or I could have done it on say an iPhone. And so he's got a simulator running on all of these. That's right. And so even things like the screen reader or things like the focus order will work on all of those devices. Oh my gosh, this is spectacular and it's free. It's 100% free and it always will be. Is that because you're a wonderful human being or you've got a business plan on something else? It could be that or it could be I'm very bad at running a business. You're going to have to decide for yourself. All right, well Oliver, this has been fantastic. Again, it's silk tide and you just look it up in the Chrome Store. You can run it on Microsoft Edge or on any Chromium browser I assume. At the moment, it is literally just Google Chrome but we are working on other browsers as we speak. Not on Edge. Usually everything that works on Chrome works on Edge. Well actually, it might. It might do. You know what? I don't know. I'll try it. I'll let you know if it doesn't. All right, thank you very much.


Okay in this video I'd like to talk about the sequence of bent forms that you get with increasing flow speed. So if you think about the Holstrom diagram, when the flow speed is very low versus high, down at the bottom you have no motion on the bed. So it depends on the grain size what flow speed that needs to be. And then as the flow speed increases with time you start to get grains that roll and saltate. And then as the grain size gets higher and higher the length of time the grains are off the bed increases and for small enough grains at very high flow speed you can get gains transported in suspension. And so bent forms are created by the dynamics of the roll and the saltation of grains because these are the, it's in this zone here that the grains in the flow interact with the bed and create bent forms. So bent forms are any topography on the surface of a bed. The sequence of bent forms has been studied extensively in flumes. So this is sketches that represent those flumes and often they start with a flat surface in no-flow water and then they increase the flow speed through time which is represented by these diagrams going upward. If you start with a flat bed once an irregularity is created it will start the propagation of those irregularities into a chain of ripples. So you often have a gradational change from a flat bed into the formation of ripples. And that is related to ripples are the stable bed form when you have enough flow to transport sediment as bed load. As the flow speed continues to increase the erosion on the ripples is so fast that they tend to flatten out and the turbulence in the flow creates bed forms with longer wavelengths called dunes. And this transition between these two bed forms is usually abrupt. And the wavelength of the dunes is significantly greater or the spacing between crests is significantly greater in dunes than it is in ripples and I didn't draw it quite to scale here but the height is also larger than for dunes than for ripples. Then as the flow speed increases even more the dunes start eroding quite more and more and the bed flattens out basically the downstream speed of the water flow is so fast that the grains are eroded off the tops of the dunes and deposited in the troughs very quickly. That's often a gradational change into what we call into this planar bed configuration. Then in flumes if the water is shallow enough and this line here and each one represents the water depth there is a feedback between the bed and the flow and you start to get deformation of the surface of the water that is in phase with the bed forms on the bottom. And so these are actually called anti dunes and that's because they actually migrate upstream instead of downstream. So what's happening with the anti dunes is so this is your sediment surface here. The flow is is hugging the surface and there's no separation zone on the downstream side and so what happens is that grains here get pulled out into the flow and the grains here get plastered into the upstream side of the dune. So the migration of the dune through time is actually in the upstream direction so that a new lamina would be something like this. So you have the water flow in this direction but then you have the dune migration in the opposite direction. So these anti dunes are not very stable bed forms and they only form if the surface of the water can mimic the shape of the bed form. So scientists have also done flume experiments with the flume closed on the top. So this sequence of bed structures inhibits the surface of the flow from changing. And what you see in this particular case is the same sequence where you start out with a flat bed and as the flow speed increases you start to get ripples and then dunes and then planar beds here but you don't actually get the anti dunes because the geometry of the experiments inhibit the formation of those dunes. So what we actually see in the rock record are ripples, dunes, and planar bedding. Yeah, it's a typical thing.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late sports course one year old man. That's fair. Very true. I'm stale very Happy release day everybody. That's the first thing you're gonna see 2023 number one is I'm stale 23 gold standard football hobby six box half case break number one pick your team style Let me read off a list of our names in our teams We've got Alex G. It's got the Falcons Colton Texans Alex H with the Patriots Bradley C. Dolphins Brian F with the Cardinals Chris a bucks David B with the Jets Ethan B cowboys and Steelers Gavin O with the Bears Jack P has the Vikings Joseph S. Brown's Raiders cash K Packers mark a with the bills Matthew G. Titans Michael S Panthers Nicholas S. Giants Seahawks Nick H with the Ravens Richard P Chargers Richard. So Richard P. R. Chargers Richard P. L With the Lions Ryan C. Bengals Ryan B commanders Sam L Niners Troy S. Rams Vaughn B. Jags Wallace S Eagles Wayne P Broncos Weiming H. Saints and William S with the Chiefs So Who good luck here everybody. Thank you there. Mr. Michael A picking up the Ravens and Jetson number three Um, let's get started number two down to just the Broncos Saints and Jets everybody Uh, was it the Bears? I don't know. Yeah. Oh and he came from behind. Yeah, exactly I think at least yeah. Yeah there that's That was that game trying to figure out how they got it. We the one win. I know exactly of course it was against the Bears Yeah, right Against like the early week Bears Okay, we've got McCoy Blackman to 75 I just went there for the Vikings. Do you have a sneaky rookie base checklist? You know I'm talking about yeah, like this is one of those products where they start putting in guys that Like don't have a lot of cards in the products Mm-hmm. Um, there's a few on this one. I feel hooker rookies. Mm-hmm. No base Because one Yankees Oh Aaron Donald that is 275 Nice one there for the Rams Got a nice one here. Cole Komet on the three colored patch 31 to 49 going to the Bears gold rush No bears That could be really solid Let's see what it looks like. We've got a Jalen Hurts on the motherload. Yeah, I love this is one of my favorites In favorite ones of those dude. Whoo. So nasty all the tags Uh to 2.99 for the Eagles Nice one there Philly Congrats on that We've got a day in Henley and it's going to be 2.199 for the Chargers So like that guy that one's cool. Yeah, have you seen his? I don't think so. Yeah, I haven't seen him in any other product They always put in rookies in this and I you haven't seen yet from kind of all over the place. It's awesome Warren Saff Nice one there on the golden oldies 18 of 25, Colorado Yes, yes, sir coaching and coaching prime. Yeah, that's awesome dude. Congrats there I was in the elevator with him in Chicago at the national It's like, hey, how you doing man? It's like So That was the end of that. That was a $199 for the Packers He's massive he's still Yeah, even though like he's Right, I don't want to be I know that's terrifying like if he decides that he's afraid of elevators And I'm inside of this elevator. He's taking it out on Rich Layton for sure Uh, nice one here is josh allen to at 75 Like I forgot to tell you i'm claustrophobic and he just freaks out and kills me There's Dalton concave the 49 rookie for the bills. Nice one there. There's a little bull in the china shop right there. Is he gonna start? Dawson knocks his heart speaking. Yeah speaking. Yeah, that's actually funny dawson knocks on the white gold to 299 I think you just mark. I think he hit he's not ir but I think he's heard. Yeah, I think so I don't think he's gonna play We've got a clayton tune on the newly minted jersey to 399 name that Might start using that now good lord I'm on ross a brown on the white gold jersey. You better put up like 90 fantasy points I'm so bad. Do you have an arlie? Yeah, I'm two and three I'm two and three. That's not terrible two and three. I'm three and two. I started off o and two I'm on a three game here points less than me. You have an extra win. I do. I don't know how to What are you playing to ever be like 50 points against my analytics department is off the charts. That's what it is We've got good as gold uh jersey auto to 199 sky more congrats on that one their chiefs I just dropped him Yeah, a lot of rishi rice looks a lot of rishi rice This is nice jameer gibbs rookie jersey auto to 199 going to the lions congrats detroit They're loaded in this. Yeah So many lions hits hit by hit. They might be the best team overall Comparatively with la porta him hooker branch They've got a dual auto. They've got herman more and amanra. They've got a ton of amanra stuff still. Yep golf has an auto They've got like everybody man Everybody's jumping on that band way. Yeah Oh, yeah, nice rookie for the bangles to Uh 30 is miles murphy That's on that sincey Followed by a valami fahoko junior to 30 going to the cowboys They're related to the simmy. I have to imagine he is I have to imagine fahocos that aren't related, right? And I'd be shocked if he was not related to simmy for sure Uh, nice malcom rod reggae's on the motherlode 19 of 49 a couple of different colored patches in there. I swung their lines. They are not really they are not related Really? Wow. Oh really? That's not a shock. I am shy color me shock then on that one. Wow Zach Charbonnet newly minted to three at 99 rookie for the uh seahawks I can't complain man. He's good. He's got to get playing by he's good, but when he's behind the next guy exactly Kenneth Walker jr. Motherlode to two 99 It's tough to get playing time when you're behind that guy. Yeah, he is a stud I'm sure they're long uncles long lost uncle's cousin, but not directly there there there Nice one there seattle nice one here good as gold again is going to be sky more to 199 79 of 199 There's only 197 of that card. That's true That's true. We've got the uh We're corner in the market a little bit johnny with the broncos in two. Thank you johnny Shipe with the manders in for brandon with the vikings in five guys are killing it. Thank you. Appreciate that Nice one there and then a rookie jersey auto of rishi rice for the jumbo. That is the jumbo. Yes, sir It's a 149. Yes, sir 149 Did they do shields for the jumbo's this year? I believe they did. I believe they do A prime 101 or whatever they call it premium 101. Um rookie jersey auto double jersey auto Where's the jumbo? This might be it right here. Yeah prime tag one of one. Let me see if they've got that was rha was the number Prime tag prime tag Tags Yeah, there's definitely tags. How come that is bullion brand the bullion brand's the other big one with the tags? Yeah, I will stand here I agree shipe Might as touch Oh, here it is rookie jersey autograph NFL shield football. Uh, I don't know shield 101 and NFL shield football So there's a football and a she gets that's for that. Yep. There's both, which is nice. I like that I'm in on that for sure Yeah, shipe them with you on that when I agree with both you guys I think that that's very treading my homes can make anybody do not print like a ton of this product So no, yeah, which is nice. We're gonna see something. Yeah, he pulled a couple of shields last year I pulled the zappy shield like right in the prime of when he was starting. Yeah. Nice. Here's my guy Mr. Zay flowers on the rose gold to 24 I think this is new this year the color rose gold 24 kind of a nod to 24 karat gold A as being rose gold and it's purple. So that looks cool. Very nice. Congrats Ravens Mr. Olavé 299 Chris Olavé on the base for the Saints Chris Olavé Olavé garden We've got a Christian Watson on the mother load nice one there to 299 jerseys all the way around For one of Jordan loves favorite targets the 299 Nice one here going to the Texans. We've got newly minted CJ Stroud to 49. There we go. There we go. Take that We'll take that Stroud. Absolutely one of what probably the hottest rookie in the league He's so good, dude. He's nasty He's doing his thing. Why? He's doing his thing. He's awesome Uh, next up we've got a Jamar Chase mother load to 299 for the Bengals. That's not bad. That's awesome Oh, he's loaded with some good vets in this mother load checklist Got a couple of ravens in that from the past years Uh, DJ Turner 49 of 49 last one stamped for the Bengals on the rookie auto nick picking up the Packers in number four Thank you, nick We've got the Saints of the Jets in the next one everybody The Jinx In the sets The Aintz yeah The Marlins Aintz Uh Gold standard.  I know I like they're were that bad Yeah, Jaylen Hyatt on the rpa 42 of 49. He's look really good this year the duals He's doing Giants on that Yeah Giants on this one. Yeah Jaylen Hyatt Is that the first Jaylen Hyatt rpa full? The guy haven't seen him in any other product. It could be very well could be Maybe maybe an all-out but not a catch all of it Not that I can remember fully Yeah, I was we were talking Sean was making his picks for the week in like his pickum league And I was like he picked the Saints and I was like that might be like a must win for the Patriots So that's the only one I might take the Patriots in and he didn't and I'm glad he didn't He would have been screwed. He would have been he would have been pissed at me Christian Gonzalez 299 Patriots Nice one there. Yeah stud. Fortunately got injured one of the only bright spots of our season Here is the single best middle linebacker in the nfl. That's roquan smith for 49 We're in a receiver number He now wears number zero, which is awesome. Our linebackers are six and zero Patrick queen is six and roquan is zero. I love it dude. So in on that I love it Nice one here white gold is drake london the guy was on the track to 299 Had a couple of big catch a few big catches last week. He did he did. I was uh, I'm in rid of them up. They were They need to figure that out Bowman curl mega is something that is compared Is there something that is or is not in those compared to all the hobby stuff I think that you don't get the true a lot of the mega mega, right? There's a bowman curl mega exclusive Refractor and I think it looks like the hth choice. Yeah, but they don't have autos on them. Gotcha I think or um, I don't actually no no no the mega boxes. I think you have a lot of I think they do But I don't know if they have the auto on that Yes, I do I could I saw the I saw the So you're essentially chasing the autos and the parallels that look like cards from choice Uh, zay flowers to 399. It's a bobby. I just got them in the mail to your brain and I gotta put them in stock Nice zay on the newly minted We've got a Justin Fields Congrats Chicago right as bobby shows up bobby the bear's fan Uh, who's got shy town at gabin-o congrats gabin. Nice. Nice. That's nasty. Wow Hell yeah, dude One of one part of gold well Already a shield in the books. Yeah, I mean it's a tag shield, but it counts bill man. Yeah, that's a shield Uh, there is a little bit of a cornerish. I'll send an empty box and wrapper just to be safe for it still Awesome. All right, dude. Absolutely. They're not gonna replace that. You don't think so. No way. We'll replace that. Okay They will never replace that card. It's got a slight ding true if it was trashed maybe but also fair They're never gonna replace it So 199 is Tyler lacy with the jags. Oh, of course And marvin mims to 199 rookie auto for the Broncos All right, we've got rory picking up the lions and giants later on tonight James r with the panthers in three peter m with the chiefs in 12 So thank you all there again two to go in the next one everybody last Box of the break Sometimes it gets a little bit sometimes I can get a little too loud Now Nick chubb to 49 Nice one there browns Is it in the way? Is that why you don't do this? Sometimes it can get in the way, but I just I feel bad if I get a little too loud because then it starts to peek a little bit Even even that sometimes might not make a huge difference. Oh, that's true. I didn't think of that Yeah, okay Another christian gonzalez to 99 this time for the patriots confirmed bright spot christian gonzalez God aiden hutchinson nice one there one of 24 heart of gold uh rose gold parallel We're in the war. Yeah, the god of war paint. I love it, dude God, that's terrifying imagine being like quarterback and seeing that running towards you. That's not No way. I don't like that. That's why you get paid the big box. It's true Uh j caner newly minted at 399 What's up rob? Congrats on that new orleans newly minted j. Cana Yeah, it's kenny picket uh gold gear 45 a 49 three-color patch for the stealers nice patch Yeah, very nice patch little glimpses of yellow in the top right and bottom left as well. Yeah I think you wore one glove last week. You got that's why he won. Yeah, exactly Justin he takes off the other glove you may never lose It's tether algear good as gold 40 of 199 Uh jersey on a nice one there Yeah, they put some good pictures in this man. The heart of gold pictures look fire They really do And then nice one here for the chargers kwinton johnson 15 a 49 three colored rpa Congrats on that one there chargers Yeah, no kidding rob honestly All right guys, let me drop you the link for the next one really quick. You got 204 people in chat. What's going on everybody? Welcome welcome saints and jets everybody. Well, everybody's having a great Friday Saints and jets available gold standard number two breaking right after this I'll just do jerseys and jerseys and autos for this or Autos and yeah, whatever same thing Uh starting off with our jerseys. What's up mickey j caner zay flowers zack charbonite. It's clayton tune Uh christian watson drake london jamar chase amon ross st. Brown kenneth walker Uh jalen hurts dawson knocks a Malcolm rodriguez cj stroud col commet county picket aiden hutchinson Autos we've got a Tyler algear marvin mim's tyler lacy jamir gives sky more sky more Sean cliford daon hensley rishi rice dj turner kwinton johnson jalen hyatt warren saff and then a one of one Heart of gold shield or tag shield of jesson fields. I'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill Up next number two


Hey Congressman, how do y'all plan on cutting Social Security this week? Sir? How do you guys plan on cutting Social Security this Congress? We're not going to cut Social Security. You're not? Not at all? Well, we're in the age of retirement. You know, that's interesting that you asked that question. People come up to me, they ask if they want to work on it. Mm-hmm. Yeah. So that's on the table you're saying? Well, yeah. If people want to work on it, maybe you need to give them the incentive to do it. Okay. Yeah. That's the way to solve every one of these problems, probably. I know, I know. And actually, well, at the same time, it just takes that right there. Thanks a lot. You just heard from Republican Rick Allen of Georgia admit that he wants to cut Social Security only a mere six or seven seconds after saying, oh, the Republican Party doesn't want to cut Social Security. That is quite the contradiction. Now he actually thinks that he can get away with that. This is a masterclass in GOP deception. And we'll talk about how raising the retirement age is explicitly a cut to Social Security. But isn't it interesting how his justification there for wanting to raise the retirement age is, well, everyone just wants to work. Everyone's perfectly happy working until they die, which is why it's necessary for us to raise the retirement age. Except remember how just a little more than a year into the pandemic, Republicans were saying that we had to cut unemployment insurance because nobody wants to work. These small businesses can't find people to fill these positions because they're getting checks from the government.  But now they're saying, well, nobody's lazy. Everybody wants to work so much. They're so enthusiastic about working until they die. They're perfectly fine if we raise the retirement age. They are so easily so deceptive. And I know that you already saw the video. But again, I just can't get over the contradiction there. Let's watch it one more time. We're not going to cut. You're not not at all. What is an age of retirement? You know, that's interesting. Unbelievable, unbelievable. Now he would argue that that's not actually a contradiction. It's perfectly consistent. And a cut to Social Security is where we simply reduce the amount of benefits people get per year, except no, raising the retirement age is indeed a cut to Social Security and he knows that. But if you don't know that, let Matt Brunig of the People's Policy Project explain it to you. He wrote in an article back in October, the Social Security reform discourse frequently revolves around the idea of increasing the Social Security retirement age, but this discourse is a bit misleading in ways that tend to obfuscate what proponents of that idea are actually proposing. Social Security does not have one retirement age. It has 96 retirement ages, one for each month between age 62 and 70. What people call the full retirement age or FRA is just a placeholder in a formula that determines the benefit level at all 96 retirement ages. People who retire at the full retirement age receive 100% of the primary insurance amount, which is a dollar figure derived from formula applied to each individual's earnings record. People who retire before or after the FRA receive less or more than 100% of the PIA based on how far away from the FRA they are when they retire. When someone proposes increasing the retirement age to 68, all they are really proposing is to cut monthly Social Security benefits by around 7% at all 96 retirement ages. A proposal to raise the retirement age to 70 is just a proposal to cut monthly benefits by around 23% at all 96 retirement ages. None of this is about when you retire. It's just a straightforward benefit reduction being expressed in an opaque way.  You can see it right here. The earlier you retire, the more lifetime benefits you receive. The later you retire, the less benefits you receive. It's that simple. So they think that if they say cut Social Security, you're going to conceptualize it in a different way. So they don't say that. They don't want the negative ramifications of that to be in your mind. But when they say raise the retirement age, you don't necessarily inherently think about it as a cut when in actuality it is explicitly a cut. This is your money, by the way, even though it's taken out of your paychecks before you get to see it. This is not a tax. This is money that you gave the government for them to hold on to until you're ready to retire. And what Alan is saying here is we actually don't want to give people back that money.  It is not acceptable. But yet, this isn't the first time that Alan has broadcasted his intent to cut Social Security. As Common Dreams reports, Alan is a member of the Republican Study Committee, a House GOP panel that released a policy agenda last year, calling for gradually raising the full retirement age from 67 to 70, partially privatizing the New Deal program and means testing benefits. Yeah. So they've made it very clear what they want to do. They don't have an agenda that is going to benefit working people. As we've seen their agenda explicitly hurts working people. They think that people should work until they die because that money that these people paid into all their lives. Well, those Republicans, they want that money. They want to spend it on things that their donors want or perhaps try to privatize the program as Byron Donald's on MSNBC advocated for. They're just saying the quiet part loud. And even though they still won't say they want to cut Social Security, they'll say everything but cut. They'll use every synonym but cut. But I think it's evident at this point in time, their agenda is pretty clear. And one of the most nefarious things about their agenda is that they know that they can't get this through without Democrats fighting them, right? So what are they going to do to try to get Democrats to acquiesce, exploit the upcoming showdown over the debt ceiling to shut down the government and possibly even default on all of our debt which would trigger a worldwide recession all so they can cut Social Security. It's just, it's so gross.  And it's up to you to choose whether or not to believe them. So if you're ever wondering why do so many older people support Republicans if they rely on Social Security? Well, it's because this deception works. They don't realize that these Republicans actually are coming after their Social Security because they say we're not going to cut Social Security and they just take them at their word. But this is deception. It's gross and it's part of the course with Republicans. So believe them when they tell you who they are because they're being very explicit here and saying they want to screw all of you out of your retirement by taking the money that is owed to you.


Do coffee drinkers live longer than non-coffee drinkers? Is it wake up and smell the coffee, or don't wake up at all? The largest study ever conducted on diet and health put that question to the test examining the association between coffee drinking and subsequent mortality among hundreds of thousands of older men and women in the United States. And coffee drinkers won. Though the effect was modest, 10 to 15% lower risk of death for those drinking six or more cups a day, specifically due to lower risk of dying from heart disease, respiratory disease, stroke, injuries and accidents, diabetes, and infections. That much coffee was found to increase the death rates of younger people, though, under age 55. Hence, based on this study, it may be appropriate to recommend avoid drinking more than four cups a day. But if you put all the studies together, bottom line, coffee consumption is associated with no change or a small reduction in mortality, starting around one or two cups a day for both men and women. On a cup-by-cup basis, the risk of dying was 3% lower for each cup of coffee consumed daily, which all provides reassurance with respect to the concern that coffee drinking might adversely affect health. Well, at least longevity. Health-wise, the recent population study found no link between coffee consumption and symptoms of GERD, reflux disease, such as heartburn and regurgitation. If you actually stick a tube down people's throats and measure pH, coffee induces significant acid reflux, whereas tea does not. Is it just because tea has less caffeine? No. If you reduce the caffeine content of coffee down to that of tea, it still causes significantly more acid reflux. Decaf did cause less, though, so GERD patients might want to choose decaffeinated or even better, drink tea. Coffee intake is also associated with urinary incontinence, and so decreasing caffeine intake should be discussed with women who have the condition, or men. About two cups of coffee a day worth of caffeine may worsen urinary leakage in men as well. 2014 meta-analysis suggested that daily coffee consumption was associated with a slightly increased risk of bone fractures in women, but a decreased risk of fractures in men. Not hip fractures, though. No significant association was found between coffee consumption and risk of hip fracture, though tea consumption may actually be protective against hip fracture, though appears to have no apparent relationship with fracture risk in general. There are certain populations in particular that may want to stay away from caffeine, for example those with glaucoma, and possibly even those with a family history of glaucoma. It goes without saying that people who have trouble sleeping might not want to imbibe, even just a single cup at night can cause a significant deterioration in sleep quality. Then there are case reports, for example, of individuals with epilepsy having fewer seizures after stopping coffee, so I guess it's worth a shot. We used to think caffeine might increase the risk of an irregular heart rhythm called atrial fibrillation, but that, too, was based on anecdotal case reports like this one of a young woman who suffered atrial fibrillation after chocolate intake abuse. But these cases invariably involved the acute ingestion of a very large quantities of caffeine. As a result of the notion that caffeine ingestion may trigger abnormal heart rhythms, that become quote-unquote common knowledge, and this assumption led to changes in medical practice. More recently, however, the pendulum has swung in the opposite direction. Why? Because we actually have data now. Caffeine does not increase the risk of atrial fibrillation, and low-dose caffeine, which they defined as less than about 5 cups a day, may even have a protective effect. Tea consumption also appears to lower cardiovascular disease risk, especially when it comes to stroke. However, given the proliferation of energy drinks that contain massive quantities of caffeine, one might want to temper any message that suggests that caffeine is beneficial. Seems a little patronizing, but is no joke. 12 highly caffeinated energy drinks within a few hours could be lethal.


In this video, we'll learn about floating, sinking, pressure and density. Density is a measure of how heavy something is relative to its size. It can be calculated using this equation. Try calculating the density of a wax candle that has a volume of 2 cm3 and a mass of 1.9 g. Pause the video to work it out. We can use density to predict whether an object will float or sink when it's placed in the liquid. If the object is more dense than the liquid, it will sink. If the object is less dense than the liquid, it will float. Water has a density of 1 g per cubic cm. Will the wax candle with a density of 0.95 g per cm3 float or sink in water? That's right, the density of the candle is less than the density of water so it will float. It has a density of 11.3 g per cubic cm and liquid mercury has a density of 13.5 g per cubic cm. What would happen if a block of lead were placed in a beaker of liquid mercury? Pause the video while you think. The lead would float in the liquid mercury. So that's a fairly easy way of explaining why solid blocks float or sink. There is another thing to consider, buoyancy force. All liquids are made up of particles that can slide over each other. When the particles collide pressure is produced. The pressure in a liquid varies with depth and density and gravitational field strength. In a column of liquid the water will pour out through the holes in the side of the container. The water that pours out of the hole at the bottom of the container travels further than the water that pours out of the hole at the top. This is because the water at the bottom of the container is under greater pressure than the water at the top. The mass of the particles pushing down on the water at the bottom of the container creates more pressure, the deeper the liquid the greater the pressure. We can use these facts to derive the formula. Where p equals pressure, rho equals density, h equals depth and g equals gravitational force. Imagine a cuboid submerged in a tank of liquid. The distance from the surface of the liquid to the bottom of the surface of the box is greater than the distance from the surface of the liquid to the top of the surface of the box. So h2 is bigger than h1 because p equals rho gh. The pressure on the bottom surface due to the liquid must be greater than the pressure on the top surface. This results in there being more force on the bottom surface of the box than there is on the top surface. The difference between these two forces cause there to be a net force upwards called the buoyancy force or up thrust. If the buoyancy force is greater than the weight of the object, the object will rise up through the liquid. If the buoyancy force is less than the weight of the object, the object will sink. If the buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the object, the object will still float.