So, there was a terrific article in Politico back in 2017 why Republicans can't find the big voter fraud conspiracy. So, all this discussion about vote fraud has been going on since the National Voter Registration Act passed in 1993, which eased up voting. And it's part of a long disagreement between the two major American political parties. So, the American Democratic Party really got its origins with Andrew Jackson in the 1820s. The modern-day Republican Party got its origins in the 1850s. But even back then, there were controversies between the two parties about voter fraud or voter registration or how easy do you want to make it for people to register to vote? So, there was James Madison Porter. He was Secretary for War in the 1840s. He lived from 1793 to 1862. And he was a conservative. He was on the side of the proto-Republican party. And he notes that one of the leading characteristics of distinction between the two great and leading political parties of this country when we had parties formed on principle was the fact that the federal party, meaning the proto-Republican party, was for restraining the right of suffrage, right? Wanted to restrict the vote. And by contrast, Democrats wanted to make the vote as easy as possible. So, modern political distinctions got their shape with the Democrats, with the French parliament at the end of the 18th century. So, parties that supported the king sat to his right. Parties that did not support the king sat to his left. But there are more fundamental distinctions that go back to, you know, thousands of years. And those are essentially the differences between left. Do you prioritize hierarchy or do you prioritize equality? How easy should it be to S-post? Says Elliot Blatt. Oh ho, Loponius Meridius Maximus is here. I know people can't wait to talk about vote fraud.  How a Montana mom became a leader in fighting anti-Semitism. We're talking about the heroic Tanya Gush. Oh, I forgot to send the invite to do it. As soon as Doovid gets here, we're going to talk about the Tanya Gush story. So, let me pull it together here. I was saying, I probably should take a break first, but let me just get this thought out. Listen to this headline. Bar Mitzvah Tudor, guilty in molestation. Now, I've got to tell you something. I'm a Bar Mitzvah boy. And you take these Bar Mitzvah lessons. I was tutored in Bar Mitzvah. Are you alone with the gun? Yeah, sometimes. Yes, yes you are. I had only wished my tutor would have blown me. I'd rather be blown. Get out of here, Howard. I'd rather be blown by an old rabbi than sit there and learn this fucking... I mean, this Hebrew... It would have been so traumatizing to you to look down and see that going on. Robin, my rabbi was as heinous as could be. The guy who taught me my Haftora smelled. He was a big, thick thick guy with two different ones.  No one ever taught me how to translate it.  It was like learning Klingon. Learning Klingon would have been more useful because Klingon, at least I could get on the radio and impress you with. I could, you know, say, hey, I'm going to speak Klingon now. You would sit there and go, hey, that's pretty cool. It was a ridiculous thing. I spent years of my life studying this Torah, but not in English, in Hebrew, that I don't speak.  That's what I'm not kidding. I'm not kidding. I'm not kidding. I'm not kidding. I'm not kidding. I'm not kidding. I'm not kidding. I'm not kidding. Don't let me have that.  If you dare.  Let me tell you one thing.  Exactly, I mean, it's just unbelievable. I mean, so anyway, Bar Mitzvah, a tutor, took to Stan to deny molesting teens, but he didn't convince a Brooklyn judge who convicted him of sexually abusing two victims. Jonah Weinberg, he was equated to eight other towns including a felony, but still faces up to 31 towns. I wish he would blow me 31 times as long as I did not to learn that thing. 31, that's Money Bastard. My God, heaven. At least I would have been up to something interesting. room except that they have to do that while he was of course he has to do it while the lesson because you have to learn it how people will get wise that he's not really teaching what does that mean what use is that to me I had to learn that song and those words for two years with no vowels in these weird letters well and it makes no sense well blowjob from the rabbi okay at least makes me interesting you know why something going on to get to Hebrew school if I was a student I would have begged them to blow me do anything to get this boredom over with wine burger social worker was found guilty molesting one boy in his home and a synagogue ritual bath I would have loved a bath and the other in a van and he used and the yeshiva stairwell well you didn't tell me it was romantic that's right you wish a guy would give you a bath how come these guys are so gentle with young boys let's have a guy bathe you and it sounds like your teacher never took a bath oh yeah you have no idea the original battle I swear to God okay let's let's get serious here let's cool it with the anti-semitism we'll keep an eye on the tiger woods story apparently he was going at a high rate of knots about 7 12 a.m. when he rolled his car in palace birdies suffered leg injuries and we'll keep an eye on this story apparently early word is that alcohol was not involved anyway I'm I'm enjoying this Lorraine Maniti book the myth of voter fraud there's just so much to learn here federal monitoring of elections been around since the reconstruction period usually being directed toward defending constitutionally protected voting rights minority groups of the polls alright press one in the chart if you come to this show primarily for information press two in the chart if you come to the show primarily for entertainment press three if you primarily come to the show for spiritual wisdom and press four in the chat if you primarily come to this live stream for the community so for the vast majority of Americans committing an act of voter fraud so forging a voter registration card stealing an identity to vote more than once to knowingly vote illegally is even more irrational than the individual act of voting what would an individual voter on their own get out of committing an election crime the incentives to cast an illegal ballot need to be pretty high to risk a felony conviction and five years in jail so when I talk to people who believe in massive amounts of voter fraud at least the possibility of massive amounts of voter fraud in the 2020 election they understand that people don't do this primarily on an individual basis because they understand that the incentives are strongly against people committing voter fraud for an individual right so on the downside if you get caught you get you can get a felony conviction five years in prison on the upside your one vote may sway an election but your one vote's almost never going to sway an election all right Leponius Maximus Meridius Ford reads yet another book you're saying that I need to go to podcasting school Leponius because that's what it feels like to me I think you want to send me to pod school I mean that's just welcome that's just what I'm hearing hello and welcome to the show today I'm going to be talking about how to be a great co-host I am training a bunch of people at the moment in how to do co-hosted shows and I'm picking up a lot of things that people are doing that I thought it might be really useful to share so that if you are getting into a co-hosted show you can just be as killer a co-host as possible so let's kick it off one of the first things that you need to do if you are going to be in a co-hosted show is that you must always turn up prepared even if your co-host is going to be running the content of the show or even if you break your show up into little segments and your co-host run some segments and you run others anything that your co-host has responsibility for you need to still be fully briefed on if you are learning about things from scratch when you are actually recording it's going to be a lot harder for you to chip in with anything useful it will also be quite nerve-wracking for you because if you are learning things in the moment as the mics alive you are trusting your brain to work overtime to come up with things in the moment that will add value it is much easier to think about those things ahead of time have a whole bunch of bullet point things that you can throw into the conversation and then if things happen naturally or something pops into your head oh yeah press five if you come to the show primarily to hear Luke read books aloud okay so there are all sorts of people making bank right hosts are tapping pros to polish their podcast the pandemic has been a boon for services aimed at fledgling shows hosts are tapping pros to polish their podcasts the pandemic has been a boon for services aimed at fledgling shows by am cadet photographs by lila on the tulip arane for the wall street journal february 23rd 2021 10 a.m eastern time a net perell knows that anyone with a laptop at a microphone can produce their own podcast at home the manhattan doula tried a few years ago recording a pop culture show with her niece it lasted four episodes so last year in launching a more ambitious effort an interview podcast featuring people of color working in the birthing world she decided to get help most weeks she goes to gotham podcast studio in manhattan to record her hour-long the clear birth podcast with a guest the studio charges her about $400 for each episode to handle the production recording editing at digital distribution no drop in the bucket miss perell who works full-time running her doula business says she'd rather invest the money than spend time producing a podcast and though it's been slow to take off getting 40 downloads an episode the show has produced several new clients not to mention new connections with guests i'm talking with the people i want to meet miss perell says last year the number of podcasts available online through services such as apple podcasts and Spotify more than doubled to 1.7 million according to chartable a manhattan-based podcast reach and engagement measurement service and that in turn has spurred huge demand for services aimed at helping ordinary people become the next joe rogan here in new york city where 25 percent of the world's top 100 podcasts are produced according to chartable fledgling hosts are ponying up for podcasting consulting and coaching services okay so this reminds me when i came to los angeles in march end of march like march 30th of 1994 and my previous girlfriend used to work at the forward modeling agency so she told me oh you should get into modeling so i was i was 27 i mean i think i i think i still had it i mean i i don't like to i don't like to boast but i mean you can judge for yourself like i thought oh maybe you know my girlfriend like she she knew every every inch of me maybe she spotted some hidden talent i never really thought about being an actor or model so i moved to los angeles and i knew i needed to get a job so i pick up the la weekly i look at the help wanted and uh it's dominated by people apparently they want actors and models so i was like oh bloody hell 40 40 40 is going to be an actor and a model so i thought i'd check it out and uh that there are all these ads like promising you know wonderful wonderful ways to expand your launch your acting you know modeling career so i i i landed an agent debbie durkin and uh this was really exciting and okay it had the downside she wanted me to take these expensive glasses that would be like $2,500 for like a two-day intensive but it was really intense so i think they might have got my money's worth she sent me out on about 20 auditions i even got one call back uh i didn't land anything through her but i kind of got to experience hollywood and it's just so erotically charged it was very exciting after six years on my sick bed i figured i should i should at least try to do the very opposite of what i was doing before i got sick so prior to getting sick i was studying calculus getting getting ready for for a degree in economics and so i thought oh acting modeling that's the opposite of studying calculus and and apparently there was a big demand in japan for models and okay i wasn't the most in shape you know i'd been lying in bed for six years but i still had that raw animal charisma and so i'd go to these auditions right sign up for these classes that they promised all these wonderful things i was i was living out of this car this 1977 dust and station wagon but i had towels so i was able to put up towels on against all the windows and get to know the los angeles ladies a little bit better in the intimacy the peace and the quiet of this 1977 dust and station wagon that was very exciting and i i kind of realized that i was being scammed like part of me was saying hey you're being scammed i remember i paid five hundred dollars for one consultation with the manager and uh when i caught him up he said well if you want to know my credentials look me up here i am in profile in life magazine so he was like the real deal so in retrospect i realized that i was essentially paying for a dream like i was paying for people to enable my fantasy so just like pod school right this is the money is in selling people the dream of being podcast stars right so i was paying for the dream i was paying for the the delusion of being a star and so i think most of the people here are paying for uh pod pod school they're getting taken not the pod school who's australian you know the australian host got a lovely accent not that particular pod school she's the best believe me the very best in sessions at podcast studios and hiring freelance editors in their efforts to break through while anyone can produce a podcast at home for free these independent creators are spending anywhere from hundreds to one thousand dollars plus to produce each episode the market is vast because it includes well just about everyone with a mouth dan bobcough an executive producer of podcasts at oxios who teaches a podcasting and storytelling intensive class at nyu school of professional studies says he's been offering the non-credit seven hundred forty nine dollars course six times a year to meet demand from people ranging from college students to retirees students have included a professor launching a science show and a dentist planning a politics podcast i love the class because it's so diverse in every sense of the term mr bobcough says matt peters co-founder and co-owner of gotham podcast studio launched the business in 2017 after failing to find a place to record his own martial arts podcast has since outgrown its base three times and now has a half dozen competitors in manhattan while it's possible to record a decent sounding show at home with a one hundred fifty dollars setup it's not so easy in noisy new york city that's one of the things we bank on mr peters says in rural idaho this wouldn't work basic studio time starts at sixty dollars an hour mr peters says there currently are more than one hundred podcasts recording episodes as venue including five fellows hosting a three-hour podcast about shoes and a jewish nonprofit producing schmaltzy a food show mr peters also is seeing more demand for production packages charging one thousand dollars an episode for a soup to nut service that offers everything from guestbooking to transcription so i went to one of those like shared working spaces and uh they had they had like a podcasting studio i didn't expect that you could i think just for like four hundred five hundred a month you could hang out in the in the hangout space at one of those you know we work operations and look really cool you got a complimentary breakfast and coffee or day and you could be up you know high overlooking beautiful west los angeles and i think the prices started about five hundred dollars a month just to hang out there and then you could have your own small office and then you could rent and use the podcasting studio so this is this is a real thing apparently clients include a long island nursing home and a motivational speaker what do these people have in common everyone wants to make money he says good luck with that the interactive advertising bureau a digital ad marketing industry group projects the sector earned just under one billion dollars in ad revenue last year that works out to roughly five hundred fifty dollars for each podcast most earned nothing on the other hand view of the million plus podcasts available online represents serious efforts only 25 percent of new shows make it past the 10 episode mark says dave zorov co-founder and ceo of chartable the majority are people in their basement just trying it out he says it's like blogs back in the day and for those producing a quality consistent show the economics aren't as daunting as one might imagine advertising sponsors typically pay 25 to 35 dollars for every 1000 downloads assuming two ads for each episode a solo podcast are producing a weekly show okay so i usually average about you know two downloads but what about my plays i get 50 60 plays on my my podcast the mp3 version so i mean are they using downloads as shorthand for plays because i don't do so well with the downloads though could earn a six-figure income off an audience of 50 000 it's also possible for a podcast with an even smaller reach to pay handsomely if it targets the right niche says mathu passi a podcast consultant based in cherry hill new jersey some of his clients which include local financial advisors doctors and lawyers charge advertisers more than 500 dollars for 1000 downloads mr passi says demand okay so at that rate i could probably make about 50 cents per per advertiser per episode right so there's this really good pod school so it's got tons of free podcasts online rachel corbett here ozzy lady that was unexpected great you can add that in but you've also got all of these things written down all of these things that you've already spoken about that means you're never going to be thrown the ball and drop it or have your co-host talking about something and slowly getting to the end of their point and you're sitting there thinking holy crap i have to say something in a second and there is nothing but blank space and a tumbleweed going through my head right now being prepared is not just respectful for your co-host and helpful for them it's also helpful for you because there is no worse feeling than crapping your daks behind the microphone thinking oh my god i've got nothing to add it just gives you a security blanket that means that you can have the confidence to really be there in the moment be present be listening to your co-host and go off on any tangents that present themselves because you've always got the security blanket of that preparation to go back to it will make you a much better performer it will make you more confident it will also make you a much better person to work with from a co-host perspective because you're like oh gosh this person always has something to bring to the table they never leave me hanging they always pick up the ball that's really essential to a good dynamic on a show so make sure that you are prepared so you've always got something to bring just be mindful of not going too over the top with the preparation so with some people that i work with i'll often find that i'll get them to prepare something and then they'll come into the studio and they will have practiced almost word for word what they're going to say so i'll say this and then you say this and then i'll say this and then you'll say that this is a really difficult way to jump into okay i've never had a co-host is that uh that degree of prepared all right what is borderline personality disorder you may be asking personality disorder is like i'll probably mess it up so bpd is something that a lot of us struggle with we may have been told by one person that we're diagnosed with it or we have bpd like symptoms and a lot of us just wonder what the heck does that mean and if i do have it why is there be like it's such a bad thing right now just to give you a little background on what borderline personality disorder is is it's really in my opinion it's our mind's way of coping with things and i'm going to read to you a little bit from the dsm so that you know when someone says you may have bpd like symptoms or you actually have bpd what they're really talking about okay and i'll try to make this very clear and concise because a lot of times people throw words around that don't really pertain to us and i want you to i want to make sure you understand what bpd really is so the dsm states that we have to have five or more of the following and this is the older dsm because a new one isn't quite out yet so um when the new one comes out i'll get it and then we'll see if there's any changes but i don't think there is to this so the first one and the one i've talked about before in another one of my videos is frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandon it and this was in my theory of abandonment um video and this one's probably the most common that i see in borderline patients but like i said you have to have five or more that's only one the second a pattern of unstable or intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation now in the therapy okay so my experience with borderline is everything's fine and then suddenly out of the blue the other party the borderline just gets this massive shame attack which they can't handle and so they translated into anger and rage so everything's going along going along that boom and you have no idea what you did but somehow something you said or did or some memory or something flashed upon her and so the women get this much more than men the other party suddenly gets overwhelmed by such a high amount of rage and anxiety that they lash out so a lot of people when they're distressed when they're struggling when they're hurting when they're in pain when their life doesn't work they can't just sit and handle the pain the distress the anxiety they have to lash out and so borderline is when it's just unpredictable something comes along that triggers such a rush of shame that they can't handle it so you can measure your maturity by how much distress how much stress how much anxiety and suffering you can handle without lashing out at yourself or others okay well we talk about it people putting us on a pedestal or throwing us under the bus so you either love me or you just hate my guts and you wish i go away right it's that okay so this is like many of the people who come into my chat one day they love me one day they hate me so they they oscillate between uh putting me on a pedestal and putting me in the trash heap so this is true for for many of my viewers up and down and that's usually what people will notice first is that because they're in relationships with you so if you're hating them and loving them in two days they're like you know yes it can overlap with npd but uh npd is narcissistic personality disorder and what it has in common with narcissistic personality disorder is this tendency to idealize and then devalue to oscillate between idealize and devalue but with with borderline personality disorder you have no doubt that you're dealing with someone who's very sick so narcissists by and large they they are able to function in the real world but borderline personalities they just have such enormous attacks of shame and then they lash out with enormous amounts of anger so borderlines tend to have much less control of themselves than narcissists and that can be really hard now the third one is identity disturbance markedly and persistently unstable self image or sense of self okay so narcissists don't have identity disturbance they don't have this markedly and persistently unstable self image or sense of self now we're all like well wow well that applies to a lot of people and that's why you have to have at least five of these but i think that that one point is why it's so linked to eating disorders okay because we don't think very highly of ourselves we have a very distorted vision of who we are and what we're about and that can lead to a lot of other things like like eating disorders right then the next one is impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging this could be anything from spending habits like we'll go on spending sprees or it could be set yeah so all the borderlines i've known have been women and they're pretty much all being hot most of them but some of them they they present perfectly normal but they can't sustain relationships and you can go on a date to three dates but it's it's only when she starts spending extensive amounts of time with them that this this rage and rage at others rage at themselves because they're overwhelmed by shame will just start showing up sex where we have sex with a bunch of different strangers and it's not really we're not safe about it and we just act impulsively right it can be any kind of thing like that i think in here they say yeah substance abuse reckless driving binge eating right so women who who give it away fairly easily usually mentally ill so slots disproportionate amount of borderline personality disorder of the personality disorders so again connected to eating disorders right then the next one the fifth one is recurrent suicidal behavior gestures or threats or self-mutilating behavior now okay so narcissists don't uh generally have recurrent suicidal behavior so this is another distinction between borderline personality and narcissists this was my frustration with a new dsm because self-mutilating behavior or self-harm doesn't just occur when we have borderline personality disorder but the dsm only puts it in here so we'll work on that right but a lot of us struggle with suicide and i find with my borderline patients many of them use suicide and suicidal ideation as a way to work on that abandonment because they're afraid someone's going to run away so then we act out and we say well i'm going to commit suicide or i'm hurt myself and and that gets people back in our lives right and that makes sense i can see the connection can't you so that's kind of how that's used the sixth thing is so the borderlines i've no intend to have a lot of std's they tend to slotted out over the weekend often they they make a lot of bad decisions in their sex life uh they most of them have tended to be pretty attractive and you wouldn't know that they were losers just on their immediate appearance effective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood so this is like okay effective instability means they're all over the place emotionally that the one minute they're giggling the next minute they're crying next minute they're filled with rage next minute they're withdrawn and uh they usually kicked off into the more reactive parts of their personality either lashing out at themselves or others when they get such an amount of shame they can't handle so until maybe the last three or four years i would get persistent shame attacks i would i remember something i said or did and i just felt horrible and i just wanted to shrink or interacting with a certain person thinking about a certain person talking to certain people people throwing certain things in my face and i become overwhelmed by shame you're intensely irritable or anxiety and it's usually it lasts for a couple hours so our mood is just unstable it's all over the place i might be really happy one minute and really mad inside the next it's like ah it's all over and it feels really crazy so that but it doesn't usually last more than a couple hours at the most a day if it lasts longer than that then it might be bipolar which i'll talk about in another video let's not get distracted okay on to the next one so number seven is chronic feelings of emptiness now we're all thinking well shit katie i feel like that that's me oh but remember we've got five of these and you may feel like a lot of these pertain to you and i can really connect with that and that's why you may have heard oh you have borderline tendencies or borderline like symptoms right because we don't meet all criteria so that was the seventh there's two more i'm almost done now the eighth is inappropriate intense anger or difficulty controlling anger now this is that i feel like a lot of these kind of go hand in hand but with the eating disorders and self-harm you know how i just talked about in my ptsd video how we're anger out or we're anger in well this is saying that we have inappropriate intense anger so we really don't have a place to put it and we don't really know why it's there but we feel it and it's bad and blah you know so that's another way it relates and the last one is transient stress related paranoia or paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms now that also kind of goes in line with my okay and this is not part of narcissistic personality these so there are a lot of different symptoms here quite different from narcissism and histrionic personality disorder ptsd video because remember how i talked about the ways that we kind of deal with a situation and some of us can actually dissociate like i'm trying to think of what i even talked about my binge when i talk about binging and bulimia when you're kind of an out-of-body experience like i can't handle this i'm stepping out and you're like what so porn stars tend to disassociate uh almost all porn stars were sexually abused as kids they learned to disassociate during sex so that they can put on a performance because it's not really them it's this entirely different character and they kind of float out of their bodies while you know 16 dudes in a row are pronging them so porn stars a lot of troubled women have a dissociative disorder where they kind of leave their bodies and this enables them to be be slots watch yourself doing stuff that's kind of what this association is because we are too intense everything is too intense that we can't even be present like fully present in the in the moment okay so that's what borderline personality disorder is and you can see how it ties into our self-harm behaviors and our eating disorder but remember we have to meet five of those criteria to be properly diagnosed and we may go in and out we may meet some sometimes and some not the other times but that gives you an idea of what it is now the dirty little secret of therapy and kind of something that i think is really important for you to know and i i feel like many therapists might be like well thank god somebody's finally telling people this because i know a lot of you tell me all the time yeah i keep getting passed around and people will say i don't really deal with that and and we don't know what to do we're like well holy moly i've been looking for therapy forever and i finally get to see somebody and then you're like i don't see you great thanks for nothing right and it's really frustrating and that can happen a lot and that even perpetuates our struggle with abandonment if we are bordering right we're like holy moly so why does that happen why why do we feel like we're so like the black sheep and that's really


izes what I've said now what happens to what if what if a recession comes we're 10 years into an Expansion we're way overdue for a recession even Jerry Brown's talking about it If it happens The only way you're going to be able to balance your budget is what you did in 2008.  It was brutal So I would say yeah, you did what you had to do But you've got a plan that has a lot of a risk on it and you'd better pray there is no recession and Did you get it any agreement that if there is a recession if revenues drop that the teachers will take a pay cut? I don't think so. It's not in there and remember what happened in 2008 is We cut 3% of the teachers who retired early Because you're you're mandated by state law on how many teachers you've got a Have so that's why we killed our classified staff and we're still suffering for it So here's the cuts that have happened as we go through this budget This is what you're taking out. This is what you won't have to spend in your operating budget So what if if the other spending cuts do not happen the ones that they have in their budget You'll run out of money. You'll go bankrupt If they do happen, then you'll have to run the district with less That's not a pretty picture for anybody I believe in contingency planning One of these is an idea that trustee your hero has put forward, which is raises should be indexed If revenue goes up Features get more pay But if the revenue goes down Then their wages go down Then you don't have to negotiate year-to-year what you do negotiate is what is total compensation as a percentage of revenue It's a fixed formula Then there is no need to negotiate over Wages and benefits you just say okay Here's what we have to spend now part of the problem that happened with this is What they gave up in the health plan brings them down from a platinum plus plan in Obamacare to a platinum plan and if you had to go out and buy your own platinum plan Couldn't afford it. None of our teachers could afford it. This is a plan. That's too big I've talked about it being too big before you didn't get enough concession on health benefits And you aren't going to be able to afford The cuts that you've just put into your plan 25 million next two years Good luck with trying to run the district So thank you for your time. If I could clarify anything I would Because you can't ask any other questions Thank you.  Do we have any questions or comments? Really Kim you want to go the the budget Some comments on it the Salary increases and all that stuff related to that that's been approved by the Backfinders and also the county and So that we To bills question Something happens we should be able to survive the next three years anyway, according to the county So as I had mentioned to the board previously, we would not have gone through what had happened What we went through and me put you in a situation where we are going to put the district in either qualified or negative status So prior to going to fact-finding we for a third time had school services of California Completely do another audit of our books. We also had John Gray specifically look at the governor's proposal that is coming down for the 1819 school year and we are Extremely confident that we can afford and will not have to do cuts So so so if we have a recession We're all in trouble again So I think there's there's several different things that are different now than it was then it was prior One is the fact that There is a rainy day fund for the state that there wasn't before So I think that is that's that in addition. We do have the additional 3% reserve which I know is affected by this But we know that we're getting slightly more than was projected of discretionary one-time funds Then what was set what was said in January? So we're not getting less funds We're getting more funds and we are being fully funded for LCFF Which is important and the reason why we did the three year because it is using a nice stand by this We cannot do ongoing costs without ongoing revenues and in this case we do have ongoing revenues the the concession we made for the Health and welfare does cover the cost to the district of the 2% which was provided in the 1718 school year And so I feel that we came to an agreement in which we can afford it We put priority with it to our staff, which is what has been something I've wanted to do You have wanted to do without putting the district at risk financially What about the towels? We actually have information on that for you On the towels Actually have that information So So do you really want to talk about it, right? Because we do have it we do have information on it Unfortunately state law has changed With policies and that's one reason why we no longer can require kids to to shower Kim Thank you so According to Beecher's calculations on on the out year of year 392.3 percent Total compensation. Is that an accurate number? So in regards to that takes in the total both restricted and unrestricted and for negotiations districts and Throughout California. We are negotiating on unrestricted dollars. And so with this agreement that brings us up to a little bit over 79% And so that's within the average Within the state, okay, so the 92.3 is not accurate 92.3 is total so that also includes Oh, it is total and does that take into account any The fact that health care costs continue to rise like have we projected that out over the next three years So there's different items that are combined within the restricted and unrestricted One of the major ones is special ed another component Helen you can All the grants and everything but to answer your question. Yes, we have a 4% increase in health and welfare projected for 1920 and then when we come to the board in a few weeks, you'll have 2021 on there also which will have an additional 4% the year year after year after year We're predicting about 4% right Okay, and the other component is our stirs and purrs and that contribution as well So that's also projected in the out years. It is for sure Okay, because isn't that going up like our costs are going up like 19 Around schools and see, you know horrible flooring horrible furniture Schools that need and facilities that need a you know improvement in infrastructure, etc With with this particular contract in place, which I'm very pleased about so don't get me wrong But will there be any money left over to repair and improve our facilities or And the next question is First for programming, you know for kids for the kids for field trips for things that actually For band for instruments for new music teachers for the things that all of us as a community care about In regards in regards to facilities funding There are multiple sources of funding and so one of the things that Helen and I are working on is doing a true assessment of all those buckets of funding when it comes for developer fees to our bond dollars Deferred routine restricted maintenance funding And then looking at establishing a deferred maintenance fund which for a long period of time Would say an 0708 throughout California districts swept that money when we implemented the local control funding formula It was an option that districts had at that point in time And using that within our LCAP and what does that look like for our district? And so we're assessing all the facility funds to address those issues district-wide And there is a big need and then like to commend the board and the superintendent for also using one-time funds to invest back into our sites So we're also review and assess that with the superintendent in regards to facilities funding and then the second portion of your question was on Programs and such is to extra stuff for kids and a lot of that has been addressed in the LCAP and those That budget is already in our budget. So are in these numbers Okay instruments there are We've made so much progress and there's just so much more to do to go And then I look forward to the the matching dollars from Prop 51 the bond the state bond. Yeah, which we haven't realized yet, but I'm hopeful about Is there a provision? You know like it's like the state sometimes gives a cola sometimes they don't sometimes they do but There is a cola this for 18 19 the state cola is 2.71 and with the Little increase in the funding at the state level for LCFF only it's a 3% they augmented it a little bit and There are I don't didn't bring it with me, but there are colas in the out years also and they're over 2% Okay, thanks Helen. Thank you Joe Joe I I hammered your hammer just wrong word I talked a lot to your predecessor about the Cadillac tax around the Affordable Care Act And I haven't heard anything about it that according to what I was told it was gonna be between three and four million dollars I keep hearing all the laws gonna change laws gonna change, but it hasn't changed yet So I think we need to go with what we know. Are we taking into account as we're talking about these as we're talking about increasing our costs Are we taking that into account that that is the law and I believe it's gonna start in 2019 or 2020 2020 I Thought it was extended to 2022 right was the latest 2020 is what I heard. Okay, so are we are we talk? Are we as we're making these commitments to? Individuals are we taking that into account? so it had the has been postponed for an additional year and one of the things that we're looking at though is The superintendent and cabinet is looking at short term, but also long term of fiscal planning And so one of those components is specifically that is what is the impact of that? But we are looking at that item as well But also also the stirs and purrs rising cost and then just health care in general I mean, you know I we need to get people raises You know we want to keep we want to keep our people, but we're also looking at some real increased costs and so we really I We need to make sure we could afford what we're doing. I I wasn't here in 2008 But there are still people with scars on their back from how it went down And I really don't want this district to ever go through that again And I just I just looked up the Cadillac tax. It has been delayed till 2022 And it keeps getting delayed and our Consultants have you know, they're pretty sure that it's gonna be repealed, but you know, I hear that too I was talking to a Politician-elect at the federal level and he was like, oh, we're gonna repeal this we're gonna appeal this but you never know Until it's it's still it's black and white. It means nothing. Okay. Thank you. You're welcome Anyone else? No, I am looking for a motion a second all those in favor. Hi. Hi all those opposed Wishing carries So item 9.3 multi-year agreement with PBFT The report will be made by dr. Tonic lean our assistant superintendent of human resources To just in case Yeah, there you go There you go Is it like a something to sleep with a little shirt, you know So I will wear it on a condition of a couple of things I We're not negotiating this is my co-chief Negotiator and We're among the happiest chicks right now. So I made one of these for her and we'll make it a little bit better So I'm gonna put it over the shirt and it's a circle and it says irresistible and so Instead of resist, she's also irresistible. So I'm going to make one of those for her too So Thank you Good afternoon vice president irasco board of trustees. Dr. Rodriguez as you know This is a joint presentation of the tentative agreement with PVFT presented by yours truly and Nellie Vakara boggs she is a teacher at PMS and also the PVFT chief negotiator and The agreement involved a multi-year deal from 2016 to Including the following articles and we will touch on each of these articles as we go along and so I have introduced Nellie and Our negotiations team included our superintendent dr. Rodriguez myself Helen belongs the Joe Dominguez Elaine Legaretta and Allison and Terry were splitting the the certificated HR piece Clint Rucker and Brian Saxon our principal and For PVFT was myself and Sarah Hennie Francisco Rodriguez Leia sugarman and Greg Tucker so the negotiations chronology this negotiations started in December 2016 and By March 2017 the parties reached a tentative agreement on all sunshine articles except for salary and benefits October 17th, we resume negotiations and we also sunshine organizational rights to comply with a new law AB 119 PVSD team shared two letters from the county office that warned against providing ongoing salary increases Without securing ongoing revenue sources The county said that this action would just jeopardize the district's positive financial Certification so the parties Accordingly engaged in research to look for cost-saving measures, which we found in some of the benefits and other resources of revenue The parties reach a tentative agreement on organizational rights in November 2017 and by December 2017 we still had an item with the salary and the benefits and PVFT had declared in pass so in order to well Chon and I were new to the negotiations team as well this school year and so we walked into a very contentious field and we we alongside with Slightly revamped negotiations team just knew different minds and at the table We were able to start thinking of other ways to try to come together We did need the help of a mediator so we did when we declared impasse we went into mediation and at which in March we then were Recommended out to fact-finding so in May Um, you know we it's it was a battle of of wills and but we were all able to come together and You know with support of PV USD are superintendent and PVFT And the benefits committee that was really important That was a major step actually is the health and welfare benefits committee when the district decided to start following The process that was really important. We were able then to to start making some gains and So, you know, we showed our flexibility and willingness to collaborate and reach a tentative agreement on all sunshine articles including salary and benefits and I am still a firm believer that our district can fully fund our health benefits and Pay our teachers well Without bankrupting you because we don't want to do that It's still me All right, so one of the articles actually this was one of the first articles that I think John and I When we started this school year This is the first one that we got to negotiate on and this is article 3 writes and responsibilities What we did was we incorporated a language that was that had been passed in regards to To being able to for the union to have release time to meet with new employees and So then we had made sure that there was earlier notification for new employee orientation dates Compensation of newly hired unit members if new employee orientation occurs outside of a work day So it was just language to ensure that our employees Were having their collective rights met so changes to printing and distribution of collective bargaining agreement agreement That's a big one too Because it's so important that every school site have a CBA or collective bargaining agreement this is our our guidebook basically for Employee rights, and so it's important that all sites have that so I'm we're thankful that the district is going to To ensure that we have that So we also agreed on workload and hours and this included changes to language regarding site staff and administrative Collaboration as it pertains to early release days as well as faculty meetings and PVFT presentations Another article was article 6 class size changes to case loads to ensure alignment with statutory case load maximum for resource specialist teachers sometimes they had they were inundated with more Their case load was greater than they shouldn't it should have been so now It's just we're ensuring that our RSP teachers or a program space resource specialists are having their rights met and that they're compensated When they are temper temporarily exceeding their case load maximum Yeah, this is the long one, so I'm gonna stare at this thing over here All right, so this was article 7 wages and related matters. This was the big one for for everyone for 2016-17 that was Really important for our membership to have something on the salary schedule. It's important because we are we provide a community service and It's important for our members to be able to when they retire have a good pension They're deserving of that And so having something on the salary schedule is is much better than just getting a one-time payout Because over the many years it's going to add up. So that's a 1% scheduled on schedule raise to Everyone in our and PBFT with that's on schedule and then a 2% off Bonus for those who completed the school year and then in 17 18 We're getting a 2% on schedule raise and these are all retro to the beginning of their school years, which was also very key and Alongside that our adult ed and ECE Members are getting an additional 6% So that's just wonderful since they're paid hourly A majority of them the district will provide a bilingual stipend This was a big sigh of relief for many and then sort of like a big question mark as well Like do I get it? So it's wonderful It's in it's in our CBA that there is a stipend stipend for bilingual teachers who meet the criteria as well as as a roving teachers stipend of 16 12 and Coming up on July 1st of 2018 the nurses shall be placed on the same work year and salary schedule as the psychologists So Chonai if I may before you continue We are getting close to 10 30. So I will ask a board member to Make a motion I'll make a motion to extend our meeting till 11 30 Thank you. Can we get a second? Almost in favor aye aye all those opposed motion carries For 2018 to 19 continued wages and related matters a 4% raise for the salary schedule effective July 1 2018 and also effective July 1 2018 two additional days one is a teacher workday and the other is district determined and finally for To recruit the hard to recruit teachers math science and special education. There will be a 2,500 signing bonus Okay, great. All right, so article 8 health and welfare benefits This was really just language, but it was a really very important piece The language piece for our seat our CBA and so that So it was our health and welfare benefits. They're subject to negotiations and Contract language ensures that a comprehensive process is followed to ensure that adequate time to review complex changes for all parties to make an and informed Decision so wanting to keep the equity the jurisdiction and a timeline for for our membership PVFT and PV USD may only propose changes to benefits that were discussed in health and welfare benefits committee and The committee must make a recommendation before proposals and then we vote on that and all that and so before Proposals are brought to the negotiations table So that is they do that if by March 15th those recommendations are done and then Very importantly part of that timeline that any kind of change that is recommended after That you know, we start negotiating it wouldn't have to be Imposed until the following year so we'd have some time And part of what our membership did Mr. Beecher is agree to cost shift 2% from By so we're we're we're getting the 2% in Caught shift by our membership agreeing as well as others that are covered by this insurance Agreeing to pay a higher copay and more in prescription. So there are ways to find savings without imposing a cut a Cap on benefits to teachers So the next article is 12 leaves we agree to changes regarding sick leave and Also wanted to make sure that we were in compliance with ed code 4 4 9 7 7 7 point 5 regarding a child Binding provisions of SIFRA Duplicate language was removed From and there was also some clarifying Language with regard to sections of the leads article Okay, and an article 14 reassignment and transfer We added pre-retirement teachers seeking part-time positions to the vacancy placement priority list. So it's this timeline So that's what we ended up doing is we aligned timelines for Dates and transfer requests, you know with transfer requests with our retirement retired teachers and With regard to adult ed we did some changes to the status of retired adult ed teachers Who are we hired and as a result of the merger with the Santa Cruz County School District and a Pajaro Valley Unified School District Adult education programs language was incorporated from the memorandum of understanding into the collective bargaining agreement including site seniority All right, and lastly Is retirement that's article 23 There's pre-retreat pre-retirement request shall be submitted no later than March 1st for the following year So that ties in with the previous one that I just spoke about so they actually those articles kind of tie together So the changes were made to contract language language to align timelines regarding options for pre-retirement retirement and transfers and That is our presentation our co-presentation Thank you, and thank you to Clint We do not have any speakers to this item, so I'll bring it back to the board for questions comments Okay, seeing that there's none can I they were changes to the sick leave Involved that so that we were in compliance with Sifra and the new child bonding laws Dr. Killeen Dr. Killeen just for the people viewing at home. Can you please speak into the microphone? Thank you. The leaves article the the basis was to make sure that we were in compliance with the new ed code provisions especially with child bonding those were new regulations and we also remove some duplicate language and added Clarifying language to the leaves provision One else I'm a comment or a question. Thank you. Well, the comment was made that the That there's that there's ways that we can work work on finding money in the benefit area and And I think that's absolutely absolutely Correct. There's there's a way you know that we spend 40 million dollars a year just on benefits There's ways that you can keep the benefits about the same and Move some of that money over to the salary schedule. So let's Work on that during the next year. I don't know if that's in the language or not, but we should be able to Work on that through the committee. Thank you Make it clear to you Mr. Yihiro that What you have or your friend here has proposed is a cap on benefits and When we talk about cost-saving measures, which in the past from what I understand the PBFT has Brought forth. I think I believe that this what we have now with CISC may have been brought forth by PBFT I wasn't in active at that point. Well, there have been way there have been in the past Savings to health benefits because our membership our leaders in the member in our membership have brought that to the table what I what I propose is Wipe everything clean and let's start over. Let's let's look at options out there and and and in no way am I trying to negotiate. I'm just trying to open the door so that we can Sit down and talk about these things in the future. Well, there is a process now, and I think I feel it's pretty clearly stipulated in our contract thanks to that language being, you know clarified that Health and WEPA benefits committee has a has to come up with they have their their their process And then we can talk about those things But you know you you do make a good point like let's let's start negotiating in good faith as opposed to being so combative and Teachers in this district enjoy being here. We have you guys attended a retirement Party today for people that were here for 40 years that That speaks volumes for people who are demonstrating their love of this district so We want our teachers to stay and if we're going to invest in them that means that we're investing in them and not asking them to live a Poor lifestyle or very like we need they need they should be middle-class if anything I agree so that we can We can move the conversation on and all right. Yeah, because I'm I'm totally happy to talk to you about that Okay, okay, thanks. Thank you. All right, so with that I would like to entertain a motion to approve Multi-year agreement with Parallel Valley Federation of Teachers. Can we get a second? Okay, and then Kim has some comments I'm very pleased with the agreement that we have before us tonight. I know it's been a very difficult year on both sides I would remind you that as board members or people We have children in this district. I'm a social worker. We have educators up here We care deeply about all of you. We want the best for this district. We want the most excellent staff and teachers in The state and where I am not kidding when I say that so I am very pleased that we finally reached agreement It's been very painful just personally to sit up here and have Have you guys come in and sort of beat up on us as if we're I Against you because we're really actually not against you so I Just I'm very pleased that we've come to an agreement and I hope to continue to move forward to have the best district in the State. Thank you very much So with that all those in favor I All those opposed Motion carries Thank you Item 9.4 management a point seller increase Dr. Rodriguez Reflecting our board's commitment to making sure that we're providing a competitive total compensation package To all our employee groups both represented and unrepresented the following increases and benefit changes are being requested For our classified and certificated management and as well as our cabinet The the proposal is 1% on schedule raised retroactive to July 1 2016 a one-time off schedule of 2% to all management members who were employed through 2016-17 2% on schedule raised retroactive to July 1 and a 3% schedule raised effective July 1 2018 health and welfare benefit changes to become effective on October 2018 Generic prescription drugs go from three to five dollars non-generic prescription drugs from fifteen to twenty dollars and Cope increases from ten to twenty dollars There are a hundred eleven employees that are certificated management 34 classified management and a cabinet positions Include our superintendent cheap business officer and assistant superintendents of elementary secondary at Ed services and human resources So we do not have any speakers to this item or comments or questions Karen I would imagine That classified workers have a me-too in regards to this contract as well, correct Yes, trustee osmondson. They have a me-too with regard to 2016 17 and we are currently negotiating 2018 and 1819 would classified right now I'm really glad that as much as I it's important that we honor our teachers my wife's a teacher, so I you know I Try to honor her every day. I'm also really glad that we're honoring our Our other members of the community other members of the district other working members of the district Everybody is here to do what's best for the students And so as important as teachers are so are proper administrators, and so I'm very glad that we are honoring administrators for their for their work Making a great district isn't Not only about the teachers. It's also about administrators, so I'm very pleased with us. Thank you We're gonna buddy. Yeah, Susan one more thing Karen I Just want to say what I'm super super excited about Adult education too, but I'm so excited about our child development workers I mean that they're getting a much higher wage. They deserve it so so much. I mean I I've actually worked Portion of my life being a child Development actually mostly director, but I mean but I worked as a teacher as well in child development So I mean I see I see how important Child development workers are to the success of our students ongoing as they you know They get to one great as they get to the grades up to kindergarten Karen Karen, I think we all are so excited that our child development workers are there That's not this particular item.  Oh, yeah. Yeah, exactly. Yeah Okay, does any Okay, I Like to make a motion can we get a second all those in favor I I always suppose motion carries Item 9.5 job description for career technical education counselor Report will be given by dr. Tona Colleen me again Vice president Arasco board trustees dr. Rodriguez PVUSD currently has a CTE counselor at all three comprehensive high school who is a county employee and Contracted through an existing MOU with the count Santa Cruz County office of education the current county CTE Counselor spends 90% of their time at PVUSD's comprehensive high schools and 10% of their time at the county office To second to secure in addition this position is sometimes in flux depending on the staffing across the county To be able to secure a consistent and full-time CTE counseling services for PVUSD high school students We're proposing this position to be within the PVUSD and hire someone as our own employee instead of Contracting this position through the county office the CTE counselor shall provide direct services to CTE students and and also in the development of their career portfolio and pursuit of college admissions and be Communicate with site district county and community colleges to assure communication and articulation of CTE course pathways and The CTE counselor is responsible to use labor market demand data to reach out to local and broader industry partners to provide Work-based learning opportunities for students and illicit industry to improve CTE programs and this fits in with our goal of making sure that our students are college and career ready Yeah, so we don't have any speakers to this items. I'll bring it back for the board for questions Kim will there be one of these These educators are counselors on it all three comprehensives We currently placing these we currently have one counselor that is responsible for all three high school sites But there are only 90 percent 10 percent being in with the county and sometimes the county's Staffing and their funding fluctuates. So we wanted to make sure that we have the counselor here we worked with PVFT to review the job description and But it's one FTE is one FTE and include will this serve renaissance also or diamond Right now. It's the three just the comprehensives Even though we hope to well anyway, okay But potentially we can expand on that later. Okay. Thank you. I'm in support Okay, anyone else? Okay Can I have a motion? I'll make a motion to approve the career technical education counselor Oh second description all those in favor aye aye aye all those opposed Motion carries I had a 9.6 resolution 17 1837 indemnification of the city of Watsonville for PV edge as athletic field project and The report will be given by Our superintendent took Dr. Michelle Dorleas. Yes, so I'm happy to report that on Friday It's May 11th the appeal period closed for the Coastal Commission For that PVHS athletic field We were waiting till that time because we wanted to make sure that we did not put the district in any danger of possible litigation So that a peak that period officially closed with no appeals or objections and so our legal counsel worked with the city of Watsonville legal counsel in order to Create the required indemnification of resolution that we were required to do within 90 days So we are well within the 90 days, but we did intentionally wait until the period passed For the appeal so that I could say to you that we have no There will be no danger of being sued on the on the project So we are asking that you approve this resolution so that we can do the final step on the permit with the city of Watsonville Okay, there's no speaker to this item. Do we have more comments or questions? No, okay I'd like to make a motion to pass this indemnification resolution for the fields at Pajaro Valley High School Second, okay. All those in favor aye all those opposed motion carries item 9.7 approve resolution 17 18 39 adopting best value procurement procedures and guidelines for Lease lease back projects and This report will be given by Joe Dominguez our chief business officer All right, so last time around we brought two items within the delivery method for the for the football field project One was the lease lease back method that we'll be discussing this evening and the other one. It was a traditional design bid build and On the screen it shows the recommendation to move forward with the lease lease back delivery method What this allows us to do is one assist us in With our timeline and cost savings right now. We're still pending DSA approval but using the lease lease back method allows us to finalize our RFP and Solicit for contractors for the project Once DSA plans are approved then we can finalize the contract with that selected contractor This evening the resolution provides us to do the best value So we're not only going to be focused on price, but also the The developer slash contractor is their experience expertise their ability to accomplish the project within a given timeline and or the Background of the the firm's performance and safety record. So all that compiled together It kind of in a nutshell is the best value of that. So it's not solely just on price It's also performance and as I mentioned this allows us to go Sooner and provide an RFP process which we're working within our purchasing department And we plan to work with our facilities council and get that wrapped up if the board approves this We'll have that completed by Friday To be released throughout and then start soliciting for contractors No, we do not have any speakers any board comments questions Yeah, are there any Developers in this lease lease back option that are what we would consider in our local Area There are some it's going to be open to both local and non-local and the benefit of The component of the lease lease back is also it lets us select an overall Based on the items that I mentioned earlier but it also builds a stronger relationship between the district and that selected contractor as they get to give some input and guidance on our architectural plans and and The construct ability analysis so they're more involved on the front end with the district So that's also a benefit and so it's open to locals and or non locals as well And once again, it's the timeline The cost savings with the general contractor and then the other Strength that will be implementing is it minimizes our change orders So because we're working with the contractor on the front end rather than six months down the road Something pops up and there's a change order that was unforeseen So the whole purpose of this procurement process is to get those so no surprises and the and the contractors that would be bidding Like for the RFP for this do are they contractors that use represented labor There are both And so it's open, but those are some of the things that we'll also look at within our procurement process. Okay. Thank you You're welcome. Hey Anyone else? Hey, so with that I am looking for a motion. I so move to approve the lease lease back method of putting this particular project up to bid in a way that's rapid and Looks it looks to quality Hopefully I get hopefully people here all those in favor. I hi all those opposed motion carries. Thank you. Thank you I have 9.8 adoption of resolution 17 1838 declaring fertility to bid and approval purchase of child safety alert system and that report will be given by Catherine Powell director of transportation Good evening board and dr. Rodriguez I was at the March 28th board meeting seeking approval for the purchase of the child safety alert system as a result of SB 1072 becoming law the policy safety school bus law At that board meeting the concern was on the process the procurement process and how that went And so I believe if I have the verbiage right it was tabled And now we are back So I teamed up with rich ariano our director of purchasing to learn the proper procurement processes and He has joined me to discuss that process and the outcome of it so Good evening. I'm Richard Ariano the director of purchasing and I'm going to provide some background information on the process that we went through after the March 28th Board meeting so the current statutory bid limit for procurement of equipment materials and non-construction services is a $90,200 At the board's direction March 28th. We were asked to issue a bid for the purchase and installation of the child safety alert system We issued that bid on April 5th with all bids being due back to us on April 16th and Unfortunately received no bids. We didn't receive any responses So I'm in order to meet the statutory deadline and to take advantage of the $27,000 grant that is In the zone our quote That is being offered to the district we worked with our legal counsel to evaluate options to legally purchase the system and have it installed to meet the The deadline of the first day of school for 2018-19 or where all these systems need to be in all of our buses So we did determine that the district has the ability to install the equipment itself and this would Eliminate the installation component from zone ours cost proposal Zone ours confirmed that it will train our staff and inspect the installations of the equipment at no additional cost and zone ours Confirmed that the district installation of the child checkmate equipment does not invalidate the warranty for the equipment so By procuring the compatible child checkmate equipment from zone R But installing with the district's own workforce the district is able to meet the deadline for the start of 18 19 school year and take advantage of the grant and By having zone our train our staff to inspect the buses we retain the warranty So our recommendation is that the board approve and adopt a resolution declaring futility to bid for the child checkmate Equipment and for the reasons we provide it Yeah, so we do not have any speakers to this item.  Do we have any questions or comments? Yeah, seeing there's none Hey, do we really have expertise to install this particular? Do we? I am confident in my team and we will have On-site training through zone R And they will walk us through with schematics and diagrams for each type of bus that we have So that when they turn it over to our workforce They have ensured me that they will make sure they're confident and I am confident in our team So this is a $77,000 purchase. I think that original bid was 90 for the installation also 75 for installation. Oh an additional 75. Sorry. I missed that. Okay installation. Yeah. All right but I really like to commend Richard and Katie for Looking at cost-saving measures With and very competitive We negotiated pretty hard with with zone R and to get the price point that we felt comfortable with They are going to come back out one piece is to certify the installation So making sure that we did it right. So they'll come back out and certify the install And so we feel confident moving forward there I will stress that there is a stringent timeline that we need to meet By law for the upcoming school year And so we have a window of time that we need to get this installation going and so we are working on our schedule with Our internal staff in that training so we can accomplish it by the deadline Hey, oh There is actually pending litigate a pending legislation. Sorry litigation. What is that? That could extend the deadline for our regular ed buses At this point the Senate is not willing to extend anything for special needs buses But at this point, I think it's prudent for us to be proactive and just work off of the deadline that we're facing I I I reached out to Assemblywoman Anna Caviero and asked for some help if we needed it get it to get an extension on that deadline and You know and I got the finish who's willing to work with us, but you're saying we don't need it now Well, I'm confident that we're gonna have it entirely done by the start of school the entire fleet so no So no, that's I that's I think that's I think that's great. I think that's great I think it's frankly. I think it's great. We're sitting saving seventy five thousand dollars. So I Have a motion to approve this item. I can we get a second? All those in favor I I almost opposed a motion carries and now I'm moving on. Thank you And now moving on to item 10.0 consent agenda. I am looking for a motion to approve The items Also move and we get a second all second all those in favor I I all those opposed motion carries We don't have anything under 11.0 12.0 We do have some items under 13.0 So I moved to approve The certificated report as presented by the district administration with four additions to resignations and one rescission and one administrative appointment I'll second All those in favor I Although suppose motion carries. I moved to approve the classified report as presented by the district administration with the addition of one retirement Second All those in favor I All those opposed All right motion carries under item one second here 2.6 The board approved an MOU with live oak school district with PV usd for one special education student And that's I think I believe that's all I need to report out on Right, so it was five eyes. I forget the boat says five zero two Okay, and so with that meeting that turned right Well, I'm sorry. I was told that that was the only item that I needed to report out on So under item 2 I want to reject. Okay, so under item 2.8 The board voted to reject a claim for damages 14 in claim number 553 165 and That was with a five zero two boat And so with that meeting adjourned


Welcome back to this NPTEL course on game 3. In the previous session, we introduced the notion of evolutionary stable strategy. We continue discussing about this. In fact, in the last session, we ended with an example, but of course we have not given a complete details. I will recall this example again. So it is a Hock-Dove example. In the Hock-Dove game, what we have is that it is a species having two behaviors. One is Hock behavior and other is Doe behavior. If two species of Hock behavior encounter, they fight for the resource. The resource has a work V and if they fight, one of them has to concede. In fact, one of them will lose the resource to the other one. So the cost of losing is C. Therefore, one species will get V, other will get minus C because we are in an averaging framework. So therefore, on an average, the Hocks get V minus C by 2. Now if Hock and Doe encounter, Hock gets the resource, Doe gets nothing because it is not fighting. And when two Does encounter, they split the resource. So therefore, the game is going to be 2 by 2 game, Hock-Dove, Hock-Dove. If H, H means it is V minus C by 2 and if Hock and Doe means it is Hock will get V, Doe will get 0. Of course, V minus C by 2, V minus C by 2, D gets nothing and H gets V and both Doe means is V by 2, V by 2. Now, what exactly is the evolutionary stable strategy? In fact, computing the Nash equilibrium itself is an interesting exercise, which you should try to do it. So evolutionary stable strategy. So evolutionary stable strategy satisfies the following thing. It satisfies pi x epsilon y plus 1 minus epsilon x is strictly greater than pi y epsilon y plus 1 minus epsilon x for all epsilon between 0 and epsilon bar of course, y in delta. Now equivalent definition is this is equivalent to saying that x is symmetric Nash equilibrium and pi xy is strictly greater than pi yy for all y in best response of x. These are the two conditions. So compute the Nash equilibrium of this game particularly when you need to look at the symmetric Nash equilibrium and then verify one of these two conditions and we will get the this thing. So I will leave a general thing as an exercise but in particular what I will do right now is take this matrix A to be minus 1 to 0, 1. We look at this specific situation and then calculate. So we look at the mixed strategy half-half and what is pi yx? This is going to be we calculate the value this is nothing but minus y1 by 2 plus y1 plus 1 minus y1 by 2 which if you calculate this is going to be half for all y in delta. If you take half-half as this thing and pi yx is going to be simply this. So basically we are using y transpose A half-half that is exacting this expression. Now if we calculate pi x, y minus pi y, y this if you really calculate using this formula or whatever it is is going to be 2 y1 minus half square which is strictly greater than or equals to 0. So here this equality holds only if y1 is equals to half that means y and x are one and the same. If y and x are the same then this particular thing is going to be equal to 0 otherwise this is strictly greater than 0. Now this implies the second condition of the theorem that we have proved in the previous session. So now the next thing that needs to check is half-half is symmetric Nash equilibrium. If half-half is a symmetric Nash equilibrium and this condition and from whatever we have done it previously in the previous session immediately infer we can infer that half-half is going to be a evolutionary stable strategy. So this is a simple exercise but all of you should try solving for general this thing is what is the symmetric Nash equilibrium you computed and then what is the ESS here in this game and what are the conditions on V and C which gives you this one. So this is just a computational exercise so I will skip the details. Now let us look at another game. We will look at now rock paper scissors. So the rock paper scissors game has this thing 0 1 minus 1 minus 1 0 1 1 minus 1 0. In fact we can easily verify that 1 by 3 1 by 3 1 by 3 is a symmetric Nash equilibrium. This is the in fact this is the unique symmetric unique Nash equilibrium here. So this is not a hard thing to prove so this is going to be a symmetric Nash equilibrium. Now is this so let us check what is going to be pi x E 1 if player 2 plays column 1 against 1 over 3 1 over 3 1 over 3 so therefore 1 over 3 into 0 1 over 3 into minus 1 1 over 3 into 1 so this is 0. In fact this is also same as pi E 1 E 1. So the condition that we had that if E 1 is in fact a best response to 1 over 3 1 over 3 1 over 3 because this has an equalizing property because this is a completely mixed equilibrium so every pure strategy will give you the same value but we require whenever such a thing happens E 1 is a best response to this thing we need we know that pi x E 1 should be bigger than strictly bigger than pi E 1 E 1 but that is not true here. Therefore 1 over 3 1 over 3 1 over 3 is not ESS. So this is a an example where there is no evolutionary stable strategy. Now there is some interesting consequences of this definition is let me recall the definition of a support of a mixed strategy is basically is nothing but all pure strategies E i such that x i is greater than 0. Support of a mixed strategy is nothing but the pure strategies which are played with positive probability okay. Let us say lambda x is basically the convex hull of S x. So lambda x is the convex hull of all the pure strategies which have a positive probability in the x. So this lambda x is convex hull of S x. Now we have the following interesting thing. Theorem if x belongs to delta is ESS then there is no other symmetric Nash equilibrium in lambda x. That means if x is a ESS then x is going to be the only ESS where all these pure strategies that are played in x are going to be played. So there is no other. This is in fact not a hard thing because x is a ESS that means x is a symmetric Nash equilibrium and hence all the pure strategies in S x are going to be best responses to x. Therefore this lambda x itself is going to be a best response because every pure strategy is a best response to x. Therefore any convex combination of those best responses is also in best responses. So therefore lambda x is going to lie inside this best response. Therefore because all of them so the condition pi x y is strictly greater than pi y y for every y in lambda x y cannot be symmetric Nash equilibrium. If y is symmetric Nash equilibrium this inequality cannot happen. So therefore if y is a symmetric Nash equilibrium pi y y should be bigger than or equals to pi x y for each x y but we have other way inequality. So therefore this thing. So this is an interesting fact about this ESS. If you have one ESS within that support that is going to be the only ESS. In some sense if you have two ESS of a game they will be completely designed. The supports will be in a sense designed. The next we can actually prove the following theorem. So let me the following are equivalent. So x is ESS. The second is there exists a neighborhood x such that f x y greater than f y y for all y in u such that y is not equals to x. So what exactly is this condition? If you have a x as a ESS this is equivalent to saying that there is a neighborhood u of x such that in that neighborhood f x y is strictly greater than f y y of course this is true for all y in u with y not equals to x. So in fact this is a nice exercise of convexity. So all these are pi's I have been putting a wrong notations here. All these are pi's I think in the previous we have put correctly this is pi. So the whole idea of the proof using this thing is that suppose this is x if you take any other thing you take a convex combination of this first any convex combination of this will be if you take some y here. So 1 minus epsilon x plus epsilon y will belongs to u for small epsilon. Because epsilon when epsilon is small this is going to be x this is contributing 0 that means it should come here. So the continuity arguments and all says that when epsilon is sufficiently small this must be in u. So use that fact in the previous theorem and from there you can conclude this. So this I will leave it as an exercise and we will go to prove the next part. So here we are now interested in introducing a replicator dynamics. So evolutionary stable strategy is basically a strategy of the incumbents incumbent and then if some mutants enter the population then whether this incumbent strategy survives or not ESS simply talks about that. But how the ESS is arrived at in the society or in that system it does not tell you the replicator dynamics gives you a way of dealing with this fact. So let us look at the replicator equation. So we consider a large population. So they are playing this pure strategy C1, E2, Em. These are the M pure strategies this large population the people in the population are playing one of these pure strategies. Let us assume the population state is Xt which is nothing but X1t, X2t, Xmt. So remember X1t is basically the fraction of population playing E1. X2 is the fraction of population playing E2, Xm is the fraction of population playing Em. So Xd is this thing the state of the population is this. Now in a sense Xit is nothing but Nit by Nt. At any point of time Nit is the number of people number of the population playing i the size of the population playing i by total size of the population this is the t here is the time we are now considering the system over a time. So t let us say at time t the average payoff to an individual adapting Ei in a random match.  Pi Ei Xt is going to be his average payoff. So the population average is we have been seeing already is pi Xt Xt. So if you randomly pick people they are actually going to be according to Xt. So therefore pi Xt Xt gives you the population average whereas if a random individual adapting you if he is playing with this population he is going to get pi Ei Xt. So I denote this sigma Ei X to be this difference. So what now we would like to say that the relative rate of change so the relative rate of change Xi dot t by Xit this is measure of evolutionary success of Ei strategies. If a person has to change to Ei or not that particular factor is given by this Xi dot t by Xit. So in a sense this has to be sigma Ei X. So when this happens basically the success of Ei because Xi dot is the rate at which the population is changing the Xi dot t by Xit is giving you the relative rate of change of is a success of Ei strategies. So this is a kind of a Darwinian idea. So with this we get this equation. So this equation is called this if I write it multiply this one this is nothing but Xit sigma Ei X I will write it whatever is there here pi Ei Xt minus pi Xt Xt. So this is known as replicator equation. Now let us check one interesting fact is that what is the summation of Xi dot t where I runs from 1 to m this is nothing but if I sum over all these things pi of this that is nothing but pi Xi t of pi Ei Xt minus pi Xt Xt. If you really calculate thus this is going to be 0. So in fact Xi pi Ei Xt summation of that is simply pi Xt Xt this is pi Xt Xt Xi dot t Xi t summation of that is pi Xt Xt. So therefore this is going to be 0 therefore Xi t or summation is nothing but summation Xi 0. Initially if Xi at 0 Xi is a probability distribution that means summation Xi at 0 is 1 then summation Xi t continues to be 1. Therefore the replicator dynamics is a trajectory on the simplex. So therefore Xt belongs to delta for all t. So now the question is does there exist a solution to replicator equation. So if you look at it here this equation pi Ei Xt this is a linear in this variable. So therefore this is a nice function similarly this is a bilinear function. So therefore nice function Lipschitz continuity and everything holds. So therefore the right hand side of this differential equation this differential equation replicator equation is a Lipschitz continuous function. So therefore the replicator equation admits unique solution in delta whenever X at 0 belongs to delta. If you start in delta it remains in delta and in fact there is a unique solution. So now let us look at it. If X is an ESS what is going to happen to it? If X is an ESS if you look at this particular thing pi Ei Xt minus pi Xt Xt what will happen to this one? So let us look at it. So let us take the set delta 0 is all X in delta such that sigma Ei X is 0 for all i in sx. So I am only looking at those X in delta for which sigma Ei X is 0 for i in the support of X. If i is not in the support of X I do not care whether it is 0 or not. So this is nothing but the stationary points of replicator equation. So what is now interesting thing here is that now we can make the following statement which whose proof we will continue in the next session is the following thing. Let X belongs to delta if X is symmetric Nash equilibrium then it is a stationary point of replicator equation. So the converse is true when one of the following holds one X is in the interior of delta second X is a limit state of trajectory lying in the interior of delta 3 is X is Lyapunov stable state of replicator equation. So we will prove this thing theorem in the next session but first I would like to say this part if X is a symmetric Nash equilibrium then it is automatically a stationary point here. So if X is a symmetric Nash equilibrium for all of its support we know that they are in the best response and by the definition of the sigma Ei X this has to be 0. Therefore the symmetric Nash equilibrium are nothing are the stable or the stationary points. Now whether they are stable or not that requires further things and in fact ESS is connected with the stability which we will see in the next session. With this we will conclude this session and we will continue in the next session. Thank you.