What's up everyone? It's your girl, Kenzie here from Leighton Sports Cards and I am ripping. We've got six box F1 mixer of 2022 tops chrome formula one hobby and light three of each random teams. Again, here is the look at the random results. You can always find these at leightonsportscards.com underneath the results tab. And the link is also in chat for you. All right, best of luck, everyone. And we got three hobbies and three light boxes. We're going to go ahead and start with the lights. Lights are 16 packs a box or cards a pack. Good luck. Again, the next break we're looking to fill is going to be the four box 21 22 chrome UEFA Champions League soccer. Those are what we say 42 99 a spot on that random team per spot. All right, good luck. Some way raise out of these light boxes. We've got future stars checkered flag of Amari Cordial finish this in the next break hoping for a good mojo. Awesome Justin. Thanks for hopping in. What's up chappy? A fracter for staff and speed demons. Fracter of Nicholas Latifi and we've got green way rave George Russell. They got Mercedes 20 of 99 on the green way rave. Our first way rave of snuff, snuff, snuff. Zofner, geez for Alpi. Refractor for Rory. What's up chicks off hope everyone's having a great day Lincoln bio if you'd like to join in some group breaks. Gasly and Yuki next break we're looking to fill is some soccer tops chrome soccer Latifi Albon. They've got six spots left in the second one. Refractor of who share on the F2 and a Lando Norris refractor. There's a link for you. Thank you Dylan for dropping that six to go. We've got LeClaire on the way rave. Orange and red, Sebastian Vettel, Aston Martin and LeClaire and signs. We have a Oscar Pia Street way rave and Carlos signs refractor for Rory. Fracter Williams Vettel. We've got orange checker flag of Kevin Magnuson for Haas. That is going to be 20 of 25 Bobby S with Haas. Nice low numbered orange there. Heck yeah. Got Max for staff and refractor. Future stars of Daru Valla and pink Charles LeClaire for Rory 29 of 75. Fiti Paul the refractor. Stroll last pack of the first light box of Prima and mini diamond of George Russell. That is 250 of 2.99 solid first box there. A couple nice low numbered cards. Love TikTok. Link in the bio if you want to hop in some breaks. Our F1 is all filled up, but we've got spots in soccer, basketball and football. Got some mosaic four box basketball pick your team style and hackable case break for football. Pick your team as well. Lewis Hamilton way rave. A couple spots left in hoops. It's a five box mixer. McLaren signs and we've got gold wave of Sergio Perez for Red Bull. Wow these light boxes coming in hot. 44 out of 50. Here you go Red Bull. That's going to be Holly M. There you go Holly. Got Fernando Alonzo refractor Alpine. McLaren. Matt's currently live over on the LSE baseball channel on YouTube if you want to hop in some baseball breaks. Checker flag rookie of Joe Guanyu. Got some nice mixers going today. Way rave. Lewis Hamilton again. Got green. Jack Duhan for Virtuosi. Two of 99. F2 racer. Fractor Fernando Alonzo. Speed Demons. Gasly. Yeah F1 card sell pretty well. Alpine we've got mini diamond Votas that is 51 out of 2.99. Especially of you know the better drivers. Absolutely they sell. Got Nicholas Latifi refractor and purple of Liam Lawson for Carlin. 58 of 3.99. Nice Bowman King. That's awesome. He said he hit a Lewis Hamilton gold checker board. Very nice. Speaking of Lewis Hamilton refractor. Speed Demons Lewis Hamilton. Yeah the guy who hit the super fracture out of this of Lewis Hamilton was offered 60k for it. So yeah they sell. Green and purple. Lewis Hamilton. Kevin Magnuson. Refractor of Daniel Ricciardo for the Italy winner. Nice one there. Again everyone still plenty of spots left for the daytime. We've got some basketball and some soccer with a couple spots left. And then any of the day with an impeccable two box sorry two breaks of impeccable football. Those are three box case breaks. Many of those teams are on sale so go check that out. Peckable football. Full of gold bar. Yeah Lewis Hamilton way rave. Man Mercedes heating up here. Refractor hots. Yeah Jaren. Yeah they're nice. I like the F1 look on chrome on the chrome card for sure. They did a great job with this. Last pack. Alpha Romeo Ricci refractor. All right last light box here. Last light box. So we will get into the hobbies. Appreciate everyone for checking out the stream so far. Popping in saying hi. Buying spots. Let me know if you have any questions need help. Finding anything on the website. If you don't know how to buy in just let me know. Yeah Jared I'm in you on that boat. I haven't seen you know I saw the very first Star Wars and that's about it. Lewis Hamilton way rave back when I was eight but those those cards sell for a lot too. They're beautiful especially that chrome galaxy Star Wars. Man such nice looking cards. Latifi Albon and gold. Max for stopping Red Bull. Holly M. Man the Red Bull spot. Very nice and this is is this this might be a variation as well. Wow that is sick.  Wow Max for stopping. Whereas that is a beautiful card as your dad says Max for stopping him and Sam that's nasty. Congrats on that one again Holly we'll mag that for you. I'm trying to make sure you guys can see as well. I've got uh Katelyn Williams refractor Ferrari. Checkered flag Lewis Hamilton. Man Hamilton is coming out today. Way rave of Marcus Armstrong. Mercedes Refractor and purple Sebastian Vettel driver of the day. That one is 186 of 399. Again if you're watching on TikTok our link is in the bio for our website let me know if you have any questions. Green and purple Esteban O'Conn. Schumacher Magnuson Refractor. Joe Guanio on the rookie way rave. There you go Alpha Romeo and Nicholas Latifi Refractor. Prima Racing Refractor. Gasly Refractor. For stopping Perez. Got George Russell Refractor. Speed Demons. Carlos Sainz. Refractor Ferrari. Dave of Votas. Williams Racing Refractor. Color coming up here. Daniel Ricardo Refractor and purple checkered flag Sebastian Vettel for Aston Martin 151 of 199. Last pack of the lights. Carlos Sainz Refractor and Nicholas Latifi. All right that'll do it for the light boxes. Now time for the hobbies. Okay we got one more of these up next after this. Running it back again. That one is already full and then our first soccer break is sold out. Again those are four boxers of 21-22 Tops Chrome Champions League UEFA and one auto per box coming out of those. Those were 42.99 a spot. We've got some spots left in the second one. Liam Lawson Refractor. Get an Alonzo. Keep them. He's now retired. Oh nice pickles. Tee-pee and album. Got Future Stars. Jake Hughes. Conn Mercedes. We've got Daniel Ricardo on the Mini Diamond for McLaren 87 of 2.99 on the Mini Diamond. Refractor Alpine. Refractor Lewis Hamilton award winners. Purple and green Theo Poucher for Art Grand Prix. F2 racer. Schumacher a Magnuson Refractor. Norris Lance Stroll Refractor. So it's tonight. Oh nice. Alonzo Speed Demons. You see that Josh Allen. What's a con? What's someone looking for? Haas and we've got Pink Marcus Armstrong for High Tech. The F2 racer that is 41 of 75. He opted out so you could go play in like a semi pro golf tournament. Like an amateur golf tournament. From award winners of Red Bull, fastest pit stop award. Let's see how fast. 1.8 seconds on Verstappen's car.  Less than two seconds. Ola Merck. How's it going? Less than two seconds. That's crazy. Norris and Ricardo. Speed Demons. Gasly. Let's get everyone. Next break we're looking to fill is some football. Let's get those filled up. Alexander Albon for Williams Racing Refractor. Three to go. Down to three in the in the soccer. Nice. Spots coming in fast y'all. Thank you guys so much for getting stuff filled up so far. Alphatar Refractor. After the soccer fills up then we are going to move on to Mosaic basketball. Those are pick your team styles. Feature stars of Bolubasi for Sharoos and Sergio Perez. And you're looking at the stained glass queen. You know I'm just going to go ahead and call myself that. That's my new nickname. Let's see how many we can get today. Alpha Romeo on the rookie refractor. Joe Guanyu. Right Will? Right. All right. Haas and Purple Vassour on the principle for Alpha Romeo. What's up Nick? How's it going? 366 of 399. Hoppin' anything this morning? Did pretty well. What was it? It was last week. We pulled you the one of one. Don't tell me. That was Immaculate Basketball Release week. What was that? So it was like a week or two ago. Pulled you that one of one. It's a Bobby Portis auto I think it was. Oh yeah I remember that. Yeah you bought the box and a couple different breaks. Hopin' for some Giannis. Giannis yeah. What's up Tiktok links and the bio if you want to hop in some breaks. Still plenty of room left. Ocon refractor. Yeah Bobby Portis. New Vettel and Stroll. Got Katelyn Williams Feature Stars for Trident. Ooh Steelers nice. Uh Carlin and we've got Mini Diamond Sergio Perez for Red Bull 174 out of 299. See it's funny because when we were rippin' flawless when like flawless came out he took my Steelers and hit um a Moof Laundry Tag. No way. And I told him he was saying he was going to the National Yuki Speed Demons I was like oh bring that to the National you know like I'll probably buy it off of you. We ended up making a trade so now I've got the Moof I think it's like out of three. Williams Racing Refractor. Yeah that was awesome. Yeah I don't know if I can afford to pick it or pick ins out of impeccable though. We have a Verstappen Grand Prix winner Red Bull. Just group breaks for the morning John. Personals will resume tonight after group breaks with Forest around midnight eastern. Thanks for the follow Ollie. We've got Gold and Purple of Daruvala for Prima Racing. I like the purple gold. So nice looking card. Leclerc in signs. Yeah no problem. No problem. And then Matt's currently live over on the LSE Baseball Channel y'all for some baseball breaks. We have a Yuki Sonota Refractor.  A little bit of everything going today over there too. Baseball wise. Alcons be demons. Y'all like that uh gilded baseball yesterday? That was such a nice product. And those boxes are going fast everywhere. Once people saw that. We got another orange here. Good luck everyone. Orange Fernando Alonzo for Alpine. That one is six out of 25. Alpine was Wataru Yu. There you go. Nice orange wave. Second second orange of the break so far. Oh yeah Dustin I can get you a link. I actually have a stream up here. Yeah see that's a nice mixer. 2022 Bowman 3 box mixer. That's 2021 Bowman Jumbo 22 draft and 22 chrome. He's got some nice mixers going. I like it. There's a link for you Dustin. Oh yeah it really is. They've already jumped for Stappen and Perez. They've already jumped. I know we've got Caldwell Future Stars for Composts. Sure thing Dustin. Good luck if you hop into any breaks over there man. Mercedes and we've got Liam Lawson on the purple checker flag for Carlin on the F2. 197 of 199. Yeah for sure. Max for Stappen on the checker flag and Speed Demons. Lewis Hamilton. Yeah I think he said it was you know kind of difficult to get it in the first place because it's you know first first year product and just the market right now is it's crazy. So hopefully we can get some more in. We have Future Stars Refractor and Asani and autograph of Jack Duhan for Virtuosi Racing. The F2 racer on the base Refractor Auto. Jack Duhan. Check for a person off the first box and they were gone. Wow that's crazy. Lotus, Aston Martin and purple Lance Stroll for Aston Martin. That one is 233 of 399. All right last box here and then we'll do a recap. More group breaks with Force Tonight starting at five and then Personals Resuming afterwards. The parents having a great day. We've got Daniel Ricardo Refractor. It's so paranoid with these photo variations. Alpine, we've got purple checker flag Future Stars Jack Duhan Virtuosi. 69 of 199. Albonne Refractor. Red Bull Refractor. Future Stars Vesti Refractor for Art Grand Prix. Purple Max for Stappen. Red Bull continuing on its streak here. Latifian Albonne Refractor. Refractor of Kevin Magnussen for Hoss. She's doing good Nick. She's good. Three and a half months old. It's crazy how fast she's grown up for a male Ricky Refractor Juguanu and Fernando Alonso for Alpine on the purple. 273 of 399.  She's so strong too. It's ridiculous. Like if she wants something she'll try and grab it and like hold on to it with a death grip. Ro was saying he was feeding her the other day and like he wasn't he wasn't doing it fast enough so like she literally tried to like grab the bottle. Yeah. Carlos Sine Speed Demons. It was she she don't play with her food trust me. I wonder who she gets that from. Art Grand Prix. We've got a true gold here of Williams Racing. That's such a beautiful looking car. 36 out of 50. Williams Racing. That's going to be Justin H. Nice one there Justin. I love the look of the car on the front of these. Beautiful hit there. Got Carlos Sine's driver there. We've got another gold. Another one. F1 Auto Mixed Shoemaker for Hoss. Gold Wave Auto. 47 of 50. Bobby S. That Hoss and Dom spot is doing well too. Nice gold. I'll know we'll mag that one. Alonzo and Ocon. Got Fernando Alonzo driver of the day for Hungary. We've got Minnie Diamond. Lewis Hamilton. Grand Prix winner of Portugal. 93 of 299. Checkered Flag. Future Stars. Richard Vershore. Trident. Vettel. Fractor Alpha Ramel. We have Max Verstappen. Verfractor. That's one there Red Bull. And last pack here. Do a quick recap. Verfractor of Norris and Ricardo. All right quick recap. Some numbered and magged cards. We had the gold Sergio Perez for Red Bull. Gold Williams Racing. Our orange. Kevin Magnuson on the checkered flag. Orange Wave Fernando Alonzo for Alpine. And our Refractor Auto Jack Duhan for Virtuosi. And our magged cards. We had the gold Max Verstappen. Nice one there. That is 10 out of 50. And again I believe this is a photo variation as well. Beautiful hit there. Holly was super hot with Red Bull this morning. And then a Gold Wave Auto of Mick Schumacher for Haas. Known as 47 of 50. That'll do it for the first one y'all. We've got another one of these coming up in just a bit. Thank you.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss a question. A is equal to matrix of order m by n whose arguments is given by aij is a square matrix if a m is less than n, b m is greater than n, c m is equal to n and d run of these. Let's start the solution. Let us first understand what is the meaning of square matrix. A matrix in which the number of rows are equal to the number of columns is said to be a square matrix. Thus an m cross n matrix is said to be a square matrix if m is equal to n. So for a square matrix m must be equal to n. So option c is correct and answer for the above question is c. I hope the question is clear to you by antique care.


Hey everyone, it's Allison. Welcome back to The Tiny Herd. In today's video, we are going to be talking all about basic guinea pig care. This is going to be a full guide to the basics of keeping pet guinea pigs, but be aware that there is a lot of other information out there about guinea pigs that you should continue to research when you have pet guinea pigs or if you are planning on getting them. This video is meant to serve as a basic overview to get you started. Really quick before we jump into the video, if you are new to my channel, hit that subscribe button. I make new pet related videos every Friday, so make sure to turn on notifications if you don't want to miss an upload. Alright, so let's get into the basics of guinea pig care. The very first thing I want to talk about when it comes to guinea pigs is that they are very social creatures. Because of this, guinea pigs should be kept in groups of at least two piggies. There are some special circumstances for keeping guinea pigs alone, but in general, you should always get more than one. If you aren't willing to adopt two piggies, then you really shouldn't be getting them at all. Your guinea pigs will be much happier with a friend. Now, let's talk about cages. A common misconception with guinea pigs is that they can live in small cages and be perfectly happy. However, if you really do want your pet to live a long, happy and healthy life, the more space you can give it, the better. When choosing a guinea pig cage, you want an option that is big enough for your pets, easy to clean, easy to interact with your piggies, and cost effective. There are a couple of options to choose from that fit all of these criteria. Probably the most popular guinea pig cage option right now is a CNC cage. CNC stands for cubes and coraplast. You can see they are made using storage shelf grids and corrugated plastic for the base. These cages can be great because they are easily made large enough for guinea pigs. They can be made to fit just about any space, they are easy to clean, and they are easy to rearrange if your needs change. They are quite sturdy when made properly as well. You can purchase a CNC cage pre-made from guinea pig cages store dot com, or you can build your own. I made my cages by getting grids from amazon and coraplast from home depot. You can also build your own DIY cages out of wood and plexiglass. These look great but can be expensive and you have to have the skills to build them. You can customize them to have whatever features you want and can even have them match your home decor. They are easy to clean and are sturdy so will last a really long time. Lastly, I do want to mention pet store cages. In the United States right now there is only one cage available at pet stores that is the proper size for guinea pigs. This is the Midwest guinea pig habitat and it is just large enough for a pair of guinea pigs. Other pet store cages are usually way too small for guinea pigs and can cost just as much or more than building your own CNC cage. So I really don't recommend getting a pet store cage. I highly recommend building your own to give your guinea pigs the proper amount of space. Once you have your cage ready to go you'll need some sort of bedding for your guinea pigs. There are several safe and healthy options. First up is paper-based bedding like Carefresh or small pet select. This is safe for guinea pigs and is pretty easy to find and relatively inexpensive. You won't have to spot clean as often unlike other options we'll talk about in a minute but you will have to constantly re-buy the bedding which can add up over time especially if you have a large cage. You can also use Aspen wood shavings. Again make sure these aren't too dusty. You will also have to re-buy wood shavings as well but you won't have to spot clean. You want to stay away from pine or cedar wood bedding. These are not safe for guinea pigs and can cause respiratory issues. And then finally fleece is one of the most popular bedding options right now. While fleece can be pretty expensive upfront it doesn't have to be repurchased regularly as you wash it in the washing machine and reuse it. It's totally safe to use with guinea pigs however you do have to spot clean your cages on a daily basis or it will get very dirty and unhealthy very quickly. It is very possible to make your own fleece cage liners as well if you're handy with a sewing machine. Next up you'll need a hay rack. Guinea pigs need access to hay 24-7 to keep their digestion going and to wear down their teeth. So a nice hay rack that is easy to access is a must. There are a ton of options to choose from. You can use hay bags, metal or wooden hay racks or even just put a pile on the cage floor. You want to provide the best quality hay you can find for your pets. Timothy hay is the most common choice for guinea pigs as it's easily found and it's healthy for them. I feed my pets bluegrass from KMS hay loft which is very similar. You don't want to feed alfalfa hay as it has too much calcium for adult piggies and can cause bladder stones. Make sure the hay that you choose is nice and green, leafy and not too dusty. You'll also need water bottles and food dishes for your piggies. Water bottles are used most often because they're easier to keep clean and they can't be tipped over. I always recommend having at least two in your cage in case one leaks or stops working. For food dishes any dish will work as long as your piggies aren't able to knock it over. It needs to be deep enough to hold the pellets in but not so deep your pet can't get to them easily. While we're on the topic of food let's go over the basics of a guinea pig's diet. One extremely important thing to remember when it comes to feeding your guinea pig is that guinea pigs need to be provided a lot of foods rich in vitamin C. Ginea pigs cannot produce vitamin C for themselves and they can easily get scurvy if they aren't able to get enough through their diet. There are multiple ways to provide the right amount of vitamin C. The main way to provide vitamin C is by providing your guinea pigs with fresh veggies every day. Ginea pigs should get about a cup of veggies each per day. There are a ton of different safe and healthy options for guinea pigs. Some of my favorites are green leaf lettuce, radicchio, bell pepper, cherry tomatoes, carrots, and cucumbers. There is a great chart on guinea links dot com that goes over safe veggie options which I will link down below so that you can check that out for yourself. Another important part of your piggies diet is pellets. You want to feed a pellet that provides additional vitamins and nutrients but is low in calcium and isn't full of fillers that your pet doesn't need. The two best pellet options on the market in the United States right now are Sherwood pet health Timothy adult guinea pig pellets and KMS Haloff Timothy guinea pig pellets. Pellets with added dried veggies or seeds are usually full of sugar and filler products and are unhealthy for your guinea pigs. Ginea pigs only need about one eighth of a cup of pellets per pig per day. While guinea pigs will mainly wear down their teeth eating hay all day, it is still a good idea to give them some chew toys as well. This will encourage chewing and also give your guinea pigs some enrichment. There are so many different options for chew toys. I tend to choose toys myself that are wooden or made out of other natural ingredients like willow, palm leaf, or some other soft wood. You just want to stay away from anything plastic that contains luffa is made of unsafe woods or has seeds or nuts on the outside. These all can be unhealthy and unsafe for your piggies. Last but not least, you will need some supplies to groom your piggies. Guinea pigs need their nails cut every month or so so you will need a good pair of nail clippers if you plan to do this job yourself. You can also find an exotic vet that will be able to take care of it for you if you aren't comfortable doing it yourself. If you have a long haired piggy, a Coleman brush may also be needed to keep their fur from getting matted or dirty. Guinea pigs don't need regular baths and they should only get baths on an as needed basis. When it is time for a bath, I highly recommend using shampoos from Gorgeous Guineas which you can get online. They are specifically formulated to be safe for guinea pigs and can help with a wide variety of problems specific to guinea pigs as well. So that was a good overview of the basics of caring for guinea pigs. I hope this video was helpful and you learned something new about taking care of your piggies. Hit that like button if you did enjoy this video and make sure to subscribe if you haven't already. I upload new pet related videos every Friday. Thank you guys so much for watching and I will see you in my next video. Bye!


Belarus receives the next batch of Russian military equipment. Russia has sent another batch of military equipment to its ally Belarus, amid the war in neighboring Ukraine. The equipment delivered to Belarus includes armored combat vehicles, armored medical and repair evacuation vehicles belonging to the Russian army. The Defense Minister of Belarus announced in a statement on Thursday. The ministry says the delivery of equipment had to do with Russia's security. All this is happening purely for the purpose of strengthening the security and defense of the allied state. Based on the current situation near our borders, the statement reads, The Ministry of Defense also announced that the aviation units of the Russian and Belarusian armed forces will hold joint tactical flight drills.


Citizen empowerment and dealing with government is through assuming authority to manage what leaders do in our name. It requires exercise of owner authority. That authority is available on things where we, as a public, find such agreement that we are able to speak as a people who own the nation. We speak as the owner to the hired leaders who otherwise accept their own privilege. Gaining that level of agreement is our challenge. It starts with something to accomplish that has an agreed value to we the people. In this section, we will address three opportunities for citizens to interfere with what authority-based government has done in our name. The value of our interference is that every time we exercise our authority, it puts our real authority in your face before leaders who are otherwise sure that citizens can be manipulated, divided, and or effectively ignored. Our source for patent and copyright law is directly written into our Constitution as to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to the authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. The purpose actually served by our laws is to secure these benefits to corporate organizations and their privileged leaders under the theory that the inventors and authors were not to be effectively privileged. Privilege supports privilege in harvesting the beneficial results of commoners. The redefining of the purpose to support non-citizen corporate interests is flagrant dismissal of the constitutional duty placed on Congress. Instead of supporting useful arts and sciences, patent laws promote planned obsolescence, the removal of public use of valued items so they can be replaced with new protected items. The control allows to privilege leaders is support for what privileged leaders would prefer that the public purchases. Granting follow-on patents allows business leaders to withdraw patent and items from the market so that items that break cannot be repaired or again purchased, no matter what value the public may have in them. The effect is endless extension of the protection, even as the benefit to the public is withdrawn. It is protecting the provider from having to compete with other patented versions. This has nothing to do with promoting the progress of science and the useful arts. It has nothing to do with serving the public, the inventors, or the artists. What it does accomplish is authorizing and supporting corporate entities as they restrict the benefits that progress of science might provide to the public. I note that this is statute law passed by Congress. There is no reason for it to continue except for the unwillingness or inability of our congressional leadership to do what they were directed to do in the Constitution. Doing this was a duty that Congress was assigned in our initiating document, a duty our leaders refused. Our empowerment purpose returns to a black box understanding that government was to generate a productive output that would be received by and valued by we the people of the United States. There is no other performance to be considered. Correction is a direct application of performance orientation and approach. It is a lesson in how you will be empowered and will empower yourself and others through what you initiate, manage, or support as an action by we the people. Our approach demonstrates how we identify those things of such personal values as citizens that we can come to agreement on a mandate to our leaders for their action. There are two recipients for government services in this provision. There is the public that is to receive the benefit of what inventors and authors produce. There are authors and inventors who are to receive the benefit of public support for their efforts productive results. Our understanding of value is the first application. We only value what we receive. If we are not receiving the value, then it has no value. The public value associated with supporting inventors and artists is pretty obvious. The public gets the benefit of what is invented. The public has access to artistic works. Central encouragement of inventors and artists is a value to we the people. To the contrary, permitting corporations to withdraw selected inventions and artistic works from public access sharply reduces that public value. Supporting control of invention by those who do not invent or create artistic results severely limits the value for authors and inventors. It limits the value of their work. What we have as patent and copyright law works to defeat the public purpose that is set upon our lawmakers in the Constitution. And if you are ever so bold as to bring this up to one who accepts their own privilege in rule, you will receive the common and repetitious response that this is the way these laws work everywhere in the world. It is presented as the right way to do things. It is presented as the best way to promote the useful arts and science as it assures maximum funding for inventive and artistic efforts. And if you persist, the final dismissal is in the spirit of, it works. And we do not fix things that are not broken. Inter repetition, privilege in our leadership does work. It does get things done. The problem is that it is very poor at getting things done. It promotes stability, resisting everything that would cause changes, whether beneficial or not. As a deeper consideration, we have the historical lesson of the long period of stability associated with stable and long-lasting feudal society.  It was a long period with little, it might be called, progress. Progress in the science and arts is not supported by putting the right people in charge of it. It is not supported by transferring the benefits of invention and copyright to the right people. This is not the value for we the people who invent or author works of art. It is just one more way for privileged leaders to harvest the benefits that might be earned by those who invent or author works of art. We do have some historical knowledge that can help us see a reasonable direction for seeking agreement. We have the very concept of the common law. This common law was developed as a way to assure the relative peacefulness of society and support of business. It was a way to use law and order for the lives of the peasants so that they would be productive, which provided a foundation for privileged leadership harvesting their own wealth and position from supporting commoners. The English common law was, when feudal government ruled, subject to the king's administrative rule. The king's law would rule over the common law. The king's law could take actions for the good of the rule, as in supporting the calling up of commoners to serve in public projects or military actions. It was changed with the action that initiated the Magna Carta, leading to more of an administrative role for the king, eventually shifting authority to parliament and the people's representatives. In the American Revolution, feudal authority was denied, and the common law officially embraced as the basis for American law. What we have is privileged leadership accepting that their legislation replaces the American common law. It is the nature of privileged leadership to put the sovereign government back in charge, saying to the good of the people for the purpose of assuring their welfare through benevolent rule. You are the public. What does putting the right people in charge of inventors and artists deliver to you? If you are the artist, does giving benefit of special government protection to your boss provide value to you, or does it take value away? You are the public, the only party in interest. If the implementation created by our privileged leaders is not serving you, it is time to consider pulling the plug and getting a different direction. With this study, we have an alternative approach, and it is designed to optimize what we as people can accomplish. We have a limited history of what performance science can do. It multiplies productive output. For intelligent applications, we must also recognize the human cost, and it is the cost of change. We rightfully note that human beings approach change as a cost, not as a benefit. There is human value in being able to rely on the stability of our environment. We do not generally value change, even for an improvement potential. Intelligence supports investment. Stepping forward when we have a fairly certain understanding that the benefit of some change will justify it, what it will cost us. In this situation, privileged leaders are not true parties in interest. Their resistance to change is expected, but should not be a consideration beyond the ability to cause harm to those who might implement a change. We, the people, are the only party in interest. We have a government that has avoided our clear instruction to do what leaders feel to be the right thing, copying and supporting a damaging system instead of supporting us. The question of cost and benefit is for us to answer. There is no authority in any public leader to avoid our constitutional assignment, or to modify it to better support foreign nations. Our choice is between accepting the cost of change, to have our government serve us more effectively, or to continue as we have with whatever it costs us to do so. So why are there patent laws? Where would these come from? They were special privileges granted by sovereign authority to those whose special productivity support the sovereign's administration. They were things that the government of privileged leadership considered to be of value. The granting a special benefit was an encouragement for those who would do something from which the aristocracy could benefit. It might not even be an economic reward, but be special recognition such as granting knighthood. The key was a benefit to the sovereign that could be rewarded. We did not have much in the way of advancements to honors it during the Dark Ages. The application of privilege was given full potency, and the resulting stability was to the point of social and economic stagnation. With the founding of the American colonies, there was a significant relaxation of privilege in leadership, even from that in England. The people had to be inventive to live in some level of prosperity. There was no aristocracy in charge to harvest benefit from the inventiveness of people. There was no system of special reward from the crown for citizens who excelled in the colonies. The colonies were somewhat isolated from aristocracy. There were generations being born in the New World, without even the experience of what remained of feudal privilege in England. The American Revolution further distanced the people from experience with privileged rule, that colonists generally identified themselves as English subjects, but it had a somewhat different meaning when the authority of government was a month away. There was only a watered-down version of it active in their lives. The people had become considerably less dependent upon privilege leadership. In the founding of the new nation, and especially constitutional government, we have a whole new concept of governance. It was a new definition of we the people as a corporate owner and initiating legal authority. It was empowerment of the government through a business document, an effective contract by and among the people. The people could not grant sovereignty over their neighbors, because they did not have that sovereignty to grant. Under the law covering such agreements, a person could only give what they actually owned. The source of power for patent law had to come from the people, not from a sovereign who benefited from what some commoner accomplished. The purpose of the welfare of the people is stated right up front in our Constitution, and it is the purpose for the people, the public, not for special people in charge. The Industrial Revolution came with a new class of industrially privileged. It granted them privileges as corporate leaders. It could be their corporate name on the patent. Granting ownership of patents to corporate bodies instead of citizens is wholly wrong. What this did accomplish was treating government benefits as a commercial item. It is now being bought and sold as an intellectual property belonging to employers. This provides us a few opportunities that we can pursue with the purpose of so defining value that we can establish mandate for our leaders to implement. The first is to strip corporations of any and all government rights. The idea that they are somehow in competition with citizens for a voice in government is ludicrous. Granting corporations representation as criminal behavior, allowing corporate entities to buy influences in the operation of government, comes within the definition of bribery, of felony. Leaders who accept benefit from corporate entities are engaged in criminal acts. They can and should be recognized as public criminals and treated accordingly. This is a startling level of change. How can this possibly be presented so that people can accept it? The answer is to present it in stages that can be accepted. The change in law of patent and copyright is one early step in reclaiming citizen ownership. Our active rule is that there is no value in patents unless it is received by the public, by citizens who are the ultimate customers of government. Unless the inventors and artists who create publicly valued works are not the ones who receive benefit of government protection, there is no public purpose being served. Mandating a change so that only citizens can receive patent and copyright protection is a huge step in denying corporate privilege. And we ask again if citizen protection is to be a service provided by government for its citizens or a service available to those who can afford it. We may not be able to find agreement on such things, but raising the question just clarifies the value that we should be getting as inventors and artists. One of the first things to go is the concept that employment by business is some reason to grant patent to employers. There is no public purpose in protecting employers through their private contracts with inventors and artists. These private arrangements have nothing to do with the public protection purpose that is set on Congress. The government is not even a party to these employment arrangements, and the idea that these can control who gets the benefit of public protection is outside any legal authority. This travesty allows the corporation to buy and sell patent rights of the owner. It defeats the very public purpose for having public protections. The difference is endemic. If it is the inventor or artist who holds the patent, then if they change employers, their protection goes with them. The corporate business will no longer be able to treat public protection as their property. The corporation will only benefit by working with the patent holder. This will not make the invention less valuable as the customers do not make their purchase decisions in accord with who holds patent rights. It just serves the inventors and artists instead of serving privileged business leaders as if they were the public. We must always return to the central concept that stands behind our constitutional government. It is that we the people set purpose upon government that would come to exist under our constitutional agreement. It is the purpose of we the people. It is government that will see to the needs and wants of people. As specifically stated, this included placing a few important duties upon named public officers. Among these, set into our congressional representatives, were the duties and responsibilities that were to be served by granting public patent and copyright protections to artists and inventors. They were to be no dark ages in the United States. This was to be a government that served the people. This was a challenge to those who would rule over the United States. It set a duty upon Congress. Our leaders set the purpose of serving the people aside. They chose to do the right things and to do them well. And so they did the right thing and it was promoting those who contributed most to running the economy. It was supporting the corporate barons in their efforts to secure the benefits of common citizens who worked for them. Our challenge as those who are learning orientation to performance is that what they have done is not what they were instructed to do and not what they were authorized to do and not what served the purpose for their being provided authority. Fundamental to this is that orientation in business law to its historical foundation in the law of master and servant. Employment law includes the concept that the employee is bonding him or herself out into temporary servitude when signing an agreement. It is the us and them concept that is now used throughout business law. It is not considered an agreement between equals but an acceptance of employees in the employer as temporary master. We have spoken also concerning the limit placed on congressional authority. They are not even allowed to pass laws and interfere with the obligations of contract but they have felt quite free to step into master and servant legal relations. The legal master is to give the benefit of the work that the servant performs. So that remnant of our history of leaning towards slavery was written into the patent and copyright law. The master owned productive results of employee efforts. This is just historical knowledge. It is how the purpose of serving we the people has been set aside in a very public forum to intentionally deny legal protection to those who Congress was legally bound to protect. It was serving a purpose they were forbidden to serve. This is an area of opportunity for those who would set change upon our leaders. It is not in itself a great change but will likely be resisted strongly by our leaders. We the people are when we find our agreement able to mandate a change to support our purposes. Perhaps the easiest change for we the people to mandate is one that removes incentive to use patent law for abusive purposes. That is where the most money has been harvested from the public and accordingly provides the most incentive for change. Other changes may be pursued along with removing the abuse as this involves a fundamental rewriting of existing laws. The citizens ability to challenge a patent is not just a patch on what we have but the entrance of a contrary public spirit of government service. The primary source of abuse is not the patent itself but protection of patent and items that have been withdrawn from the public. The practice of planned obsolescence is so violently opposed to public benefit that its removal is a point of change that may find ready public agreement. Correction is not even that difficult to sell. It is that the public purpose is securing the benefit of the invention. Removing a patent and invention from the public also removes any reason to secure it. Correction is a direct authority for any citizen to challenge the continuation of patent protection from any invention that is withdrawn from the public. If the public benefit is gone, the purpose for patent protection is also gone. Note that this also opens second attempt patents for inventions that were granted protection but never pursued to the benefit of the public. They can be declared null and void, opening the way for others to complete the invention and bring it to fruition. The purpose is benefit to the public and patent is not intended to limit it. To this we have another consideration. Is patent and copyright protection to be a commodity that government sells to those who seek and are willing to pay for it? Or should it be a public service that is granted to inventive and artistic citizens? Answering this may be a separate challenge as it involves committing public funds and may well be more an issue than the protection itself. The final thought on patents is that of intentional international patents. There is a general community of invention protection that promotes corporate privileges. This will be disrupted as actually serving the public is not currently supported in other nations either. This change will certainly have significant worldwide effect. Our guide for this is the doctrine of reciprocity. We do not have to accept the limits of other nations but can accept their patents even as they can accept ours. Our relationship with foreign patents will be altered. We also have to consider the nature of public charity. This is payment to good causes. You know, doing the right thing with money taken from citizens for the purpose of operating their government. In our performance approach we recognize the two essential metrics. What we commit to government and the value of what comes back to us because of our commitment. Taxing the public is a challenge all in itself. It removes customer choice, the very concept of value being delivered to the public. It makes the question of what public charity actually entails. We know that it is delivery of value from the public resources to those who are in need. It is benefiting some people at the expense of others based on their needs. Our immediate challenge is that this is not the personal definition of charity. The person has a value decision. That is more important or valuable to direct personal resources to someone else than to use it for other purposes. Note that personal charity can be well described within our performance model. It is a purchase decision based on value committed to receive what the charitable person values. On trying to address public charity in these terms we hit the immediate challenge of value. What we value is prosperity. It is having sufficient resources to have choices in where we expend in order to get what we value. It is our money that is being expended on public charity. Money sees from us to operate our government. If leaders tap into this money for other purposes it is embezzlement. A felony. Leaders who engage in it are criminals. It goes beyond simple misrepresentation. What we are doing is simply wrong for anyone who claims to be a representative. We next ask the performance question of what we, the ones who pay for public charity, both receive and value as a product of the expenditure. The answer seems to be one of giving us notice that it has been spent. That we are somehow beneficiaries of our political leaders doing the right thing with the money we entrusted to their care. We have two related questions to guide our analysis. The first is authority of government. The second is the duties and responsibilities of elected leaders. For authority, we have to recognize the hard legal limits of authority. We are the source of all government authority in the United States. And we can only legally provide our government with authorities that we have as individuals. We do have public authority where we, the people, are agreed to fund the existence and operation of our government. We do not have like authority to put our hands into our neighbor's pockets for the purpose of charity. If we do not have that authority, then we cannot authorize government to give public charity with other people's money. We also have the challenge of duties and responsibilities set upon our elected federal officers. They are authorized to see to the welfare of we, the people. Not to the welfare of some of the people at the expense of the rest. Having a good cause is not justification for issuing benefits to some citizens with other citizens' money. That is embezzlement. As to the economy, we have granted authority to the government to perform some functions of management for the benefit of we, the people. This provides us a potential alternative to public charity, and it is management of the charity of citizens. The only way this service can have value is to support the charitable decisions of citizens. There is just no way to justify criminal giving of charity by decision of public leaders. If the federal government can, and probably should, provide for the management of charitable funds as a public service, it would at the very least involve identifying needs to be served and publication of both costs and benefit information in support of citizen decisions. There would be the benefit of having a fair broker to manage the giving, connecting the available resources to the needs, and watching over the expenditures as the representatives of those who volunteer that charity. Resistance by leadership is likely to be stiff, but uncoordinated.  Resistance will be personal, and not be able to overcome any public agreement to the contrary. This is a no-cost opportunity, a win-win approach for benefiting our nation as well as us as individual citizens. And we are the only party in interest. Our final subject in this section is the national debt. For addressing this threatening situation, we need to again look at the agency of our public leaders in light of the American common law. First, an agent represents people they are not sovereign rulers. They only represent specific persons. Then an agent only has the authority to represent as granted or supported by the ones they represent. What they do otherwise is on their own authority, and they are personally responsible for unauthorized actions. Here is the first breaching privilege. Our leaders only represent the public that elects them. They do not represent the next generation. The debts incurred by parents are not passed to their children. There is an absolute legal block to inherited debt responsibility in our law, passing debt to surviving children as a form of slavery, and it's wholly unacceptable. No matter what laws Congress passes, our children are not born in debt. Collecting on a debt from children after the parents have died is not supported in law. Payment for our national debt is probably becoming uncollectible at the rate of around 2% a year. The opportunity to change things is front and center on this one. Any representative who espouses children being born in debt is likely to be replaced quickly by the voting public. Raising the public challenge of the credit of the United States with other nations is unlikely to make any difference. Government leaders maintaining privilege by impoverishing the next generation will not be well accepted. The challenge once raised is not easily set aside. The second assault on privileges also legal accountability. The agent who takes actions not authorized by people they represent is personally liable. The leader who incurs public debt that will not be paid back by the public is on the hook to pay from his or her own resources. They can be sued by those whose loan is being refused and they can be sued for all they have. That is within the nature of our law. When once crimes become known, they can be held personally accountable for both public and private damages that result from their actions. What is wonderful about this as a spur to change is that every citizen has immediate standing to sue at law for personal damages. That is going to be scary to any leader who would act based on privilege instead of representation.


You know what this situation reminds me of?  So in this video, we're gonna be talking about why I believe Jeffree Star owes James Charles an apology and we're also going to dive in to some psychology towards the end of this video. What is up everybody? This is Chris from The Rewired Soul where we talk about the problem but focus on the solution. And if you're new to my channel, what I like to do is take a look at the YouTube community, all of this drama going on and take this mess and turn it into a message. So if you're into that stuff, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. So yeah, I've made plenty of videos but I guess I'll make a disclaimer for anybody who's new. Like James Charles did some scummy things. He did. But I just wanna talk about the hypocrisy in the community, all right? One of the things that is so, so awful about cancel culture and I'm just so against cancel culture and that's one of the reason I'm making these videos, it's like when these things go down, it is so easy. It is so easy for us to take this insane moral high ground when the entire community is just crapping on somebody, right? And James Charles is losing millions of subscribers. So it's so easy for people like Jeffree Star to take this moral high ground like he's Mother Teresa or something, all right? So the reason I'm making this video is because another YouTuber, another commentary channel by the name of Markey, he just posted these old tweets from Jeffree Star over on Twitter, all right? Check these out. Hey, what's up everybody? I was in the editing process and I was like, wait a second, with all the false news about James Charles being spread around, I wanna confirm this. So I was trying to find confirmation that these tweets I'm about to show you actually came from Jeffree Star and we're on his account and it's taking some digging and I see a lot of people tweeting about this and sharing it. So just full disclaimer, real quick, this is not something that's been confirmed. Now something that's been brought up to me multiple times is Jeffree Star has the money to kind of scrub things off the internet. Like when I was looking for racist clips of him the other day, it was very, very hard to find those. But anyways, if for some reason it comes out in the future that these tweets are incorrect, I will make a retraction video, all right? I've had so many straight boys naked that I think I deserve a lifetime achievement award. Straight guide number 2365 down, ha ha ha, thanks. Who else wonders how big Justin Bieber's D is? Now if you pay attention, if you pay attention to cancel culture, everybody is okay with a behavior until they aren't, all right? Like something that I just cannot express enough is just how against hypocrisy I am. Like if there's a lesson, one of the many lessons that I'm gonna implement with my son, it's like don't be a hypocrite, all right? Like I am a recovering drug addict. I'm a recovering alcoholic. I'm coming up on seven years clean and sober next year, all right? And like something that happens in the recovery community is that you see people who got sober, forget where they came from, and they look down on newcomers. They look down on them like, oh my God, I can't believe you did these terrible things. Now it doesn't happen often, but when I see people doing that, I'm like are you kidding me? Like are you kidding me right now? Like something that any of us need to do as mentors, as parents, even hell as friends, we need to never forget where we came from. Like look at those tweets, look at those tweets. Like when this whole thing happened and Jeffree Star was like exposing James Charles and then he like deleted his tweets and everything, I knew that something wasn't sitting right with me, all right?  And when people were turning against James Charles, like the first time I got this red flag was around Christmas time, when James Charles made some like kind of sexual tweet, okay? And everybody was freaking out on him. And I remember thinking like, well he hangs out with Jeffree Star all the time, is that possible is rub it off on him a little bit, right? But Jeffree Star was on Twitter bragging, bragging about turning straight men. Now these tweets are from nine years ago, okay? So Jeffree Star is in his early 30s. So nine years ago, he was still older than James Charles is today. But, but, and like, this is something more serious, but like Marky pointed out in that tweet that he had, like Jeffree Star was a 24 year old gay man, publicly tweeting about Justin Bieber's package when Justin Bieber was 16 years old, okay? So when we take a look at this situation and the mob just going after James Charles, like we all need to take a step back and look at what's really going on and everybody's past and everybody's history, okay? This is why it is just so freaking brutal seeing these people turn their backs on James Charles. Like how many people, how many people do you think have been or were telling Jeffree Star that he needs to get his act together, right? Like if you look into Jeffree Star's past, he was running around just running amuck. And I've made videos about this in the past because I definitely empathize with Jeffree Star. Like when I look at Jeffree Star's past and the pain and the hurt that he was going through, the depression, the anger issues he had, I'm like, yeah, dude, I get that, I get that, right? And that's why I'm like, okay, cool.  But to see him turn his back on people, like what? Like the audacity, the audacity of people like Jeffree Star to turn on James Charles. Like is it possible? Let me just, let me just present this real quick. Is it possible that Jeffree Star has been a bad influence on James Charles? And James Charles is the monster that people like Jeffree Star created. And again, like the double standards in the hypocrisy, like Jeffree Star, like if you think, if you just sit back and think, why do so many people love Jeffree Star, all right? And one of the reasons, one of the reasons is that Jeffree Star is an absolutely ruthless businessman. He is ruthless. The dude is making millions upon millions upon millions upon millions of dollars and just flaunting it. And is there anything wrong with that? I don't really care, right?  And people are looking at James Charles like, oh, you egotistical kid. Now, don't get me wrong. I understand that. He's a 19 year old kid and like as a, you know, 33 year old man who has had to work very hard and everything like that. I can see like, oh, this kid needs to go through some hard times and everything like, everything happening to James Charles right now? Cool.  Hell, Tana Mojo, she hasn't put on another TanaCon or announced another TanaCon after all that happened, right? So he's going to learn from this and he's gonna grow. But just what absolutely makes me sick to my stomach is people like Jeffree Star turning their backs on him. And here's the other thing that's not sitting well with me, all right? Taughty Westbrook and Shane Dawson. Now they both came out and said, yo, let's chill out just a little bit. And it's cool. It's awesome that they did that. And I'm glad that they did do that. But here's the issue that I have is that Jeffree Star does things like this all the time, all the time. But when it's Jeffree Star, everybody just sits where I'm like, that's just Jeffree. You know what I mean? And then when James Charles is doing anything in the same realm, it's like, oh my God, how are you doing this, James Charles? Like, why are we judging people different? Like, why are we holding people to certain standards but not others? It doesn't make sense. You know what I mean? And like I mentioned, like the weird thing about cancel culture is, everybody is okay with a behavior until they're not. Like, this isn't new. Like James Charles, like flirting with straight boys is not new. Like all the times he hung out with the vlog squad or the Dolan twins or anything like that, everybody's like, that's just James Charles. But then the second Taughty Westbrook says that it's not okay. Everybody's like, you know what, you're right. Like, where is the independent thought in this society? Like, when are people going to become independent thinkers? Now, like I mentioned, when it comes to Jeffree Star and James Charles, let's talk a little bit about psychology, okay? There's a psychology of expectancy theory, all right? And what this is, is that we have expectations of certain people and we expect them to tow certain lines, right? And there's one main reason why people like Jeffree Star and Tanimojo and other people in the community, they always get these free passes. Because this is who they are. And people are like, oh, that's just them. Acting crazy, being all sexual, running a muck, causing chaos, you know, or whatever it is. Like Tanimojo filmed a dead body, Tanacon went down the dumps, right? Like she's had so many controversies over the years and Tanimojo has never, ever, ever received backlash like this, all right? But people hold James Charles to a much higher standard. And there's the excuse, well, well, James Charles has a younger audience. Like, do you guys know who Tanimojo's primary demographic is?  James Charles needs to learn a lesson. But the crazy thing to me is, is how people are just not seeing how so many of these situations overlap, right? And people are like, oh yeah, Jeffree Star is right about this, like, look at Jeffree. What was Jeffree Star doing when he was 19 years old? So to see these people going after this 19 year old kid it's just crazy to me. Cancel culture is one of the worst parts of our society today. And it's because people completely neglect logical thinking in these situations. So the point of my videos is to help you take a step back and maybe look at these things from a different angle. All right? But anyways, that's all I got from this video. Let me know what your thoughts down in the comments below. If you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up. If you're new, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell because I make a ton of videos. And a huge, huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on Patreon. You are all amazing. And if you'd like to support what I'm doing here, get your name on the credits, get involved in our monthly Q&A and some other perks and benefits, click the top right there. All right? Thanks again so, so much for watching. I'll see you next time.


In this presentation, we will discuss payroll legislation. We're going to talk about laws that are related to payroll. Note that this course will get into the calculation of payroll, the recording of the debits and credits, the accounting related to payroll. But we do want to give some context as well and list out some of the laws related to payroll for a few different reasons. One, some of them will have a direct impact on the journal entries that we will make. Two, we want to know the complexities of payroll outside of just recording the payroll so that we can see how the internal controls could be affected as well. We want to see how they could be related in terms of payroll and human resources in order to have a better understanding of what's entailed within payroll. We won't go over all the laws in detail, but it'll give you an idea of the complexity of payroll and how it has changed over time. Once we get to recording the payroll, then of course we're going to be focusing in on those types of legislations that have to do with mainly taxes that are requiring us to make a deduction. And those types of laws will be similar on the federal level. State laws will typically have similar type of laws. And if we're in other countries other than the US, then we're typically going to have similar type of withholding laws that can be applied in terms of taxation. So when we think about taxation, it's just really a question of, okay, what type of taxation is being used here when we try to think of how are we going to record the journal entry related to the processing of payroll? Once we know that, we can then figure out how to apply and just we have to use the appropriate tax rates, of course, and then apply the circumstances and record the journal entry in accordance with the rules that we are in. As we list through some of these laws, remember that some of them are going to have a direct impact on the recording of payroll, some of them have overlap between human resources in other areas. We've got the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which deals with women in the workforce and working towards having more equal pay for the same work being provided. We've got the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which is going to prevent or reduce discrimination based on race, gender, or national origin. We've got the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, which prevents or reduces the likelihood for mandatory retirement for workers over the age of 40. We have the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. We also have the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, which is going to protect and safeguard the retirement fund accounts for employees. We've got COBRA of 1985, which allowed for health insurance continuation after termination so that someone doesn't get thrown off the health insurance. There's got to be a requirement for that continuation of health insurance. We have the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which deals with employers having proof of employment eligibility within 20 days of employment. So it once again gets a little bit more responsibility to the employer to make sure that there's proof of employment eligibility by the employee. We've got the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and that's going to protect the rights of disabled workers. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 deals with infringements and monetary penalties for civil rights issues. One of the major pieces of legislation with regard to recording payroll taxes, recording the journal entry, recording the taxes related to payroll is the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution of 1913. And this mandates that the employer be the one that collects payroll taxes from the employee. And this is a huge change. It's a huge change in focus in terms of whose responsibility it is in some sense to pay the payroll taxes. In other words, the assumption before this time would be that all individuals are going to have the responsibility of reporting their own payroll taxes, as we still do at the end of the year with with our 1040 report the taxes and paying the payroll taxes. However, this mandates that the responsibility for withholding lies at least in part on the employer. And that's a huge shift. So the employer now has a responsibility, a huge responsibility to withhold the payroll taxes from the employee. And then, of course, to process and give that information that that has been done. And that's going to include a lot of added paperwork. And so wherever that is the case, that's where this idea of withholding it is in place. And that's where the complication in terms of recording will also be in place as well, because there becomes confusion in terms of who's paying the payroll tax, who's actually getting a tax imposed on them, is that the employee or the employer and who's responsible for paying the taxes and whose pocket of those taxes coming out of. It's a little bit confusing when the employer is the one that's taking the payroll taxes for the government out of the employee taxes and then paying them theoretically for the employee. When we get to the journal entries and recording journal entries, we'll see how that kind of muddies the water. And so anywhere that is the case, state taxes are going to be similar, that we have these types of withholdings will have the similar responsibility, that responsibility being on the company, any location where we're at, where that is the case, the responsibilities on the company to basically make sure that the payroll taxes are withheld will have similar type of issues with regard to recording payroll and making those withholdings. We then had a lot of laws in the 1930s that dealt with payroll or payroll related issues, including FICA of 1935. And that's going to be the Federal Insurance Contributions Act. We'll talk more about FICA because it's going to be a major component in terms of taxes and payroll taxes. We've got the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. We've got FUTA and SUTA, Federal Employment Tax and State Unemployment. Now the federal unemployment and state unemployment, again, are going to be things that the employer are going to have to withhold. And so we'll deal with those when we do our calculation. Note that we are including the state unemployment here. And we don't typically do that. You might be saying, well, you know, we're not going to deal with each individual state or each location. We're usually dealing with the federal side. And then we can apply these principles as they relate to whatever location we're in, whatever state we're in, whatever country we're in. In this case, we're including the state taxes because the Fed did something kind of sneaky here. They basically, in some ways, when they put in this law, pretty much mandated that the states have to have some law by making the FUTA law dependent on the state law. And therefore, the state laws are often pretty standardized because of that. So this is one area where we could have difference in SUTA, but we're going to touch on the state law there. We also have the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Again, another law that was created in the depression. So we know that a lot of a lot of legislation was created in the 1930s when we had a depression. And that would stimulate a lot of activity, of course, in terms of trying to do something to make this the circumstances and situations of people better. So we have the Fair Labor Standards Act, and that's going to include including things related to working conditions, working hours, and overtime regulations, things that like break times and having proper types of break times and a minimum wage. Goodbye.


Let me just show you what ClickUp AI can do. Okay, so if you're familiar with any kind of like writing AI tool, it's basically all built into ClickUp now. So I'll hit the forward slash and all of the AI tools come up. So write with AI, simplify writing, fix spelling and grammar, make it shorter, make it longer, explain this, continue writing, make it better, like lots of things. So we're gonna write with AI and I'm gonna get ClickUp AI to tell me why ClickUp AI is so awesome. Give me 10 bullet points to explain why ClickUp how ClickUp AI is awesome. And I can say like in a friendly voice and then I just click the generate button and it will generate all of these bullet points and then I can insert them in the description.


Here we go. FTA contract is currently in the CAO office for review the initial. Cool. Complex spreadsheet here. Okay. Well, this scares me. Yeah, and there's certainly things that I'd like to review, like that I just need to review from what like Dina provided as far as, you know, documentation PDFs and, you know, PowerPoint stuff. But yeah, it's. Okay. Yeah, let's actually meet next week because there is an item coming up for April. And it's due soon. Yes. Okay. Okay. Okay. I'm going to put it on the calendar and I don't care what's going on. Everyone will attend. Sounds great. All right. Okay. We have Leslie. Yeah. Hello, Leslie. You're on mute. There you are. Like governmental presidential. With your flag back. Oh, so. This is. This is Leslie. This is Leslie. Nope's office. This is from Parks and Recreation. Oh, I know actually here. There you go. There's the rest. Yeah, it's hard because my, my big old head just takes up everything. I was just thinking today about my big head. I was just thinking, you know, I don't know what to do. Everybody looks smaller than me. I agree with that. I feel like my face is like right up there, but everybody else seems so further back. And I'm like, what am I doing wrong? Oh. Did you think of that Mike Myers movie? Yes. Yes. So this might be a very quick meeting. And that's my, totally my fault. When you said that it got me thinking. When you sent me that email, I was like. Did I send out the reminder? Like, because I posted, I had Madeline post the, the hard copy agendas. Last week I posted the thing last week too, the agenda last week. And I was like, what? I don't know. I don't know. I'm sorry. I didn't catch that earlier. Yeah. It's been really crazy. The last couple of weeks for everyone. Yeah. And. Normally someone would, would reach out like yesterday or something. Do we have a meeting tomorrow? But I haven't heard from anybody. So, um, I'm not sure if we have any of the new members. So, um, So, um, So, um, Cecile won't be here. Um, And hold on. Let's see. Vince will be 30 minutes late. So if we don't get anybody else, then we'll probably just call it. New members on our community. Okay. What was that? Do you have any of the new members on our subcommittee? Not yet. Um, I think what'll happen with that is. We will, um, We'll do the orientation at the cab meeting this month. And then we will go ahead and. Do subcommittee appointments after that. I want, I want to give them some time to. Kind of mull over. So, um, I don't, I'm not familiar with her. So, um, I'll have to reach out to her and I'll see, see you on the welcome email. Um, but I'm not familiar quite yet with her or, or like what her interests are and where her skills lie. So. Council member Fleming. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Sorry, host. Not to worry and just enough day. We haven't had anyone else join as of yet. Okay. Thank you. You're welcome. Oh, Madeline, just for your, uh, knowledge. I still have yet to send out the email to everybody, but Leslie has been appointed the new chair of the cab. Great. So she decided to step down from the chair position. She'll still be with the cab is just, she's done it for five years. And now she would like someone else to take the reins. Um, so that'll be Leslie.  Right. This month. And I apologize chair graves. I accidentally just muted you. So I was trying to rename you. I'm sorry. My family is jealous. Oh my goodness. It's cold in my house. Yes. Very cold. I don't like it. Should we give it like another five minutes at least? Yeah. Yeah. We can do that. Oh man. Let's see. What are we doing? Oh, and also Leslie. Yeah. I'm serious. I don't know what was going through my head when I put together the agenda, but, um, Clearly I was distracted the link to the meeting minutes in the agenda actually takes you to the expertise subcommittee meeting agenda or meeting minutes. And so that's why I attached the empowerment minutes to the email. Got it. Yeah. Um, Yeah. I need to, I was telling Madeline, I need help. I need to clone myself or they need to like get me some like helps take stuff off my plate so I can like refocus. Refocus on cab stuff. Cause. It's, it's hard when you have the cab and then two other sub committees because you still have to draft the agenda and the other sub committees. I just, I just, I just, I just do. I do those for each committee. And it's like, wait, but did I just do? It's never ending. And they're all too similar. Right. Exactly. So. Um, Yeah. And you. So don't use the link in the agenda. I looked at your, your attachment. It looked, it looked fine. I have a feeling. Yeah. I just get this feeling like no one's going to pop in. Yeah. The fence is going to be late. Then. Oh, and then the other thing too, before I forget is. We had to schedule the open government task force subcommittee meeting of the city council. Oh, there's Danielle. So we'll have to reschedule that for March 10th, which is the date of the next meeting. Next subcommittee meeting. So we'll have to reschedule or. We will have to. Just cancel the March meeting. So.  Yeah. So Danielle, just to let you know, we don't have quorum. So we'll have to reschedule the meeting. And Vince won't be able to join us until six 30. So we may just call the meeting. We're just giving it a few more minutes. To see if Keith will join. Yeah. Oh. Also. I haven't looked through the email yet, but I got a response from someone from our homeless services team. Regarding your. Your suggestion has been brought up several times before in the past from other community members. The biggest issue obviously as you brought up is where. Where the, the houses would be placed. And that's kind of what our planning department was asking to, they're like, well, I mean, it just depends, all depends on where they would be located. And so they sent me a link to. I can't remember what the link was to, but I need to take a look at what they sent me. Before I send it to you. So I will circle back with you next week when I have more information. I'm taking tomorrow and Friday off and then Monday is a holiday for us. So. Once I have a chance to look at it. You're on mute. Okay. Sorry about that. My only question was if there's anything I could do, if there's properties, maybe around the city that are looked, you know, like vacant, would that be helpful to submit them? Or is there anything that I could do on my end? Yeah. I don't know yet just because I haven't looked at what she sent me. But when, once I do, I'll send you the information. I think that would be useful for you. To, yeah, to look into and. Yeah. So I'll send that to you next week. Once I've had a chance to look through it. I appreciate it. Yeah, no problem. All right, chair graves. Should we call it? You're on mute. I was trying to be courteous and here I am. Yeah, let's call it. No worries. Okay. Then I will go ahead and. Yeah. Yeah. I just want to email saying that we, we called it, but also included in there the information about next month's meeting need needing to be rescheduled. Yeah. I just get clarity on mine into seals project. We haven't had a chance to connect between two of us. And I'm, I just want to know what I want to make progress. So I was just wanting some clarity around what is it. Is there a. I don't know what exactly what Samar that I could look at or some things back up or two. So I can bring something to the. So I'll email you. Kind of the. The bullet points within the topic area that you guys were supposed to develop content for. Okay. And I'll send it to both of you. She reached out to me. She wasn't able to attend tonight's meeting. She's not sure cause she's got a really super busy work schedule right now. I mean, you know, maybe it's something she can work on like with you offline, but I don't know what her schedule is like. I mean, I was finally able to hold her like earlier today. And she said that a, I just told her that I would get clarity at the meeting. Okay. So I said I would get clarity as. Yeah. All it is, is developing content for your guys's focus area. So I'll send you the little bit of information that has like the bullet points that kind of outline what, what type of content we need. And then it's just a matter of developing that content that will then go into the scripts for the videos. Okay. Okay. Yep. All right. So actually I'll do that right now. Okay. That'd be great that way. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Thank you. Yeah, thank you. And I will see you guys later. Thank you.