Γεια σας. Είμαι Λευτερίς. Είμαι πολύ πρόκληρο σε συμβουλή. Πρόκληρο σε συμβουλή που εμπωθούσαμε. Και μετά, στους φορές, ξεκινήσαμε να είμαστε ασάμπωσης ότι πρέπει να χρειαζόνουμε μια πρόκληρη, να γεννήσει το κομμάτι σας για να τελειώσει τις συμβουλές. Και ξεκινήσαμε να εμπωθούσαμε πολύ σε στους πρόκληρες και σπιστικά σε στους πρόκληρες, όταν η κομμάτι σας είναι καλή. όταν your adversary tries to actually not let you finish or tries to actually get your secret key. And I'm going to present basically a series of papers that we have done in the last four years, more or less. I work at Mr. Labs and I'm also a professor at ISD Austria. So, this is not the main innovation, but I would want to give you a bit of an idea of how we started. I would really start with the idea of randomness. What we really cared about was scalable consensus algorithms. So, if you look into the work that is done in the last few years, you always get to see this assumption that you have a 2F plus 1 secret shared key that the consensus uses in order to reduce its communication complexity. Whether this is hot stuff that gets you to order of efficiency, Jolteon is a new thing that is deployed in a couple of systems or even in full asynchronous, the set of the artist Vaba, which gets you to n squared efficiency, which is actually the lower bound. The problem is that if your setup is bad, things are really bad, like you get broken safety, you get that the adversary can actually impersonate the whole consensus, the whole blockchain to a client that doesn't know and give completely bogus answers and doublest mention of anything that they like. So, what we did in our series of works is instead fix the setup and get it down to n cubed, which we think it might be the lower bound, but we haven't really proved it. And then, because it's decentralized, you can't really have a bad setup. You actually get security end-to-end from the beginning to where you know the validators to all the way at the end. And maybe if I manage to make it, I will show you how we can even refresh our setup very efficiently in n squared steps, right? So, I guess you've already, most of you know, if you do randomness how secret sharing works, but let's talk in very, very high level. The idea of secret sharing is that you have some secret. Let's say a public key, for example, and you want to give share, so parts of the secret multiple parties. How do you do it? Well, you choose a threshold, let's call it T. You get a polynomial of degree T, and then you make sure that that polynomial at the point zero has the secret, right? Then you just evaluate this polynomial at different points and you give it to your parties. As a result, thanks to Lagrange, we know how to take those points, interpolate back the polynomial, we have enough and recover the secret key, okay? So, the secret, these are the shares. The shares can be as many as you like, it doesn't have to be exactly the degree of the polynomial, you just need the degree of the polynomial to recover the secret. So, we start with some secret sharing, which it does, but it assumed an honest dealer. As a result, if you have a dishonest dealer, you have no idea if the secret is completely leaked or if the secret doesn't even exist. Then we can get very fabled secret sharing, where we add cryptographic commitments to the secrets and this allows us to check that the shares are correct and know exactly what to interpolate. And if we get into a synchrony, there is even a synchronous very fabled secret sharing with their multiple implementation now, but it used to be that you kind of share the secret shares. As a result, parts that did not get secret shares at the beginning of the protocol can still ask around to collect back the secret shares, okay? And once you have this amazing thing, you can make your secret be a public key and then you can do cool stuff like you do threshold signatures that are constant size, so you can have a whole group, 100 parties, and if they all agree or a threshold of them agree was you have defined at the beginning, you can give a constant size signature saying, well, those parties have signed a statement. And even cooler, if you use some kind of unique signature scheme like BLS or RSA, then because the signature is deterministic, you can use it as a randomness. Like, signature isn't for example, as a result you cannot predict it before you see the signature. As a result, you can actually use it as a random number. Why is this cool? Well, let's see a very simple consensus protocol, like host, like how this works if you have a leader party, the leader party asks the rest of the parties, hey, can you commit on this statement, this block? And the parties check, they say everything is consistent, transactions are valid, cool, so they sign back each one with their own signature. Now the party will collect this proof, which is basically a concatenation of signatures, so linear size, and broadcast it to convince everyone that this is now a block that we can append in our blockchain. The problem is that this is linear size, so if you broadcast to everyone, you're already at n squared, so not really that efficient, especially in partial synchrony. So what we do if we have a threshold signature scheme is very simple. You first secret share the key that is the group, and then the parties just sign back using their partial share, this X size. And if you have enough, your consensus is usually two thirds, you can interpolate them, get a constant size signature, which is the secret X0, and send it to everyone, and now it is just one message. So even if you broadcast it to everyone, that's linear, and that's really the best you can get for consensus when you want n parties to replicate the message. You can't really go below that. Okay, problem as I said, safety is broken the moment your setup is broken. Because if the adversary knows the secret share, they can just say the committee decided to commit on a different block and just double spend whatever they feel like. Cool. Now why do we also like it in a synchrony, right? In a synchrony, we also get compaction as before, so we can actually reduce by order of n the communication complexity, but also this randomness helps us circumvent this famous FLP impossibility, which more or less says for n that hasn't shared that really if you have a synchrony, you cannot really terminate consensus. And how do you circumvent, you cannot terminate consensus if you have a deterministic protocol. So how do we circumvent it? Well, you can get a random coin, these threshold signatures are also random coins, if you like to look at them like that. And this makes sure that the adversary has no idea who the proposer is until you kind of have to commit to a set of proposers. And as a result, you can get liveness. Now, why is this bad if your setup is compromised? Say if it's broken as before, but also liveness is broken. And the problem with liveness being broken is that in a synchrony, you can never really know that your liveness is broken. All you can say is maybe I'm unlucky and my randomness was not as good as I expected, so I will keep trying. And I keep trying and I never can ever say, oh, let's stop and check that everything goes well. If liveness is broken, you can't really say it until the end of time. So quite bad as well. How do we circumvent this kind of protocols? We use this idea of distributed key generation.  P1 shares a secret, P2 shares another secret, P3, P4. When you get all those parties, it's sharing its own secret. You can add up the secret shares to a combined secret and say, okay, now we know that as long as one of the parties was honest, then enough randomness randomized the full result and as a result, our setup is not compromised. Cool. The problem is when you go in a synchrony, because in a synchrony, you have faults. So you can only say, I can only wait for n-f parties, because if I try to wait for more in a synchrony, I have no idea if they're messaging me or not. And now you get this problematic thing that you have to decide for which n-f parties I'm going to wait. I can wait for some set, some other we can wait for another set. We get different n-f parties. If we say we terminate now, well, we no longer have the same secret. As a result, we no longer can actually do anything that makes sense. So it seems that we need to reach consensus to agree on which set of n-f parties we're going to use in order to bootstrap our synchronous consensus. So it's kind of weird. One way to circumvent it is to say, I don't care about a synchrony, it's a very theoretical model, no one cares. I would just assume that the system is synchronized in a while. Fair assumption, we can talk offline whether it actually holds all the time. But if you have that, then you can do something like this amazing work from 2009, where you basically just take a consensus protocol. It used to be something like VB-15, now you can take something like hot stuff and just use it in partial synchrony to terminate consensus. So it works. And it is not that bad, but you need to assume weak synchrony, which as I said, maybe good, maybe bad, but not really interesting when you do research, you want to do the hard thing. And also it kind of only allows for thresholds of f plus one. But to get the compaction of consensus, you need thresholds of two f plus one because this is the quorum, the two thirds, not the one third, okay? So this is the starting point, but we want to do better. And to do better, we really had to look into what trusted setup gives you and what actually consensus needs.   But in consensus, we already know that if you have f plus one compromises, you are completely screwed, you get forks. So it really doesn't make sense to try to protect there. On the other hand, we get the key that's live on n minus f parties, which also matches the consensus needs. As a result, we just look if we can actually weaken the setup, which no longer would be trusted to much consensus. And this is basically what allows us to get to a functional ADKG. So the first word that we tried to do that was back in 2019, 2020. And the key insight was really, let's try to get these different thresholds.  The first building block is what we call a high threshold as a very fabled secret sharing. High threshold because it allows you to generate keys that have a threshold of two f plus one. But this is really threshold to sign keys. Like if you have a plus one nodes compromise that the setup phase you're already lost. And this is basically why it actually works. Because if you actually try to get higher thresholds, you're going to not be live. So our key is safe as long as f parties are malicious or keys live if you get two f plus one on s party. So exactly matching the quantum intersection rules of consensus. How it works, more or less like most secret sharing protocols. So what happens is first you have a secret. You do some secret sharing or very fabled secret sharing in our case. And you get n secret shares. Now you say, okay, but this is not enough. We might have slow parts to recover it. So although you get a two f plus one threshold on this first secret. So you need basically three out of four of the secret shares to recover the secret.  Now the key here is that unlike the initial secret that has a recovery threshold of two f plus one, the secret shares have a recovery threshold of f plus one. As a result, you just need f plus one parties to help some other slow party to get their secret share of the secret. So it's kind of jumping around a bit. So let's see an example here. We have four parties, S1, S2, S3, S4. S3 is malicious, S4 is not a secret so it has no idea what's happening. Okay, so we try to secret share the secret. S1 and S2 say, okay, yes, we've terminated. S3 also says I've terminated but we'll not participate later. So what we have is these secret shares, S1, S2, S3 and these partial shares, the Ys, okay? Now S4 wakes up and says, oh, I need to recover my secret share. I ask S1, I get Y4 one. I ask S2, I get Y4 two. If the threshold was two f plus one, this would not be enough, right? It would not be live. But likely because we have reduced the threshold of the secret shares. Of the shares of the secret shares, this is enough. We can recover S4 and now we have actually three out of four of the shares to recover the secret. And this kind of allows us to increase the threshold to two f plus one for even protocols like the initial one, the partial synchronous one. So just using this high threshold AVSS together with the protocol from Kath and Kolberg, we can get a setup of hot stuff or jodder on that is actually n cubed log n. So cool, we moved on but again, we really want to get into the hard problems here. So this is where it gets really interesting. I can't really go deep into the paper because then I will take an hour just for one paper. But the basic idea is that once we have this AVSS, we start doing building blocks. The first building block we do over AVSS is what we call a weak distributed key generation. So this is weak because it might never terminate in a synchrony. So you always kind of think like it terminates and then you might be surprised and say, oh, there is more. And then let's keep going. So this works very simply. Every party does an AVSS protocol, P1, P2, P3 and then you're going to say, okay, I've seen at least F plus one party is terminating their secret sharing phase. So I'm going to say, okay, I'm willing to run this weak DKG with P1 and P3, let's say. This is the ones I have terminated. But it can be that later I see P2 also terminating. So I can actually update my prediction that now P1, P2 and P3 can all have all terminated. So I can use the new key with three secrets inside. Every party kind of broadcasts that. And then if you see, two F plus one parties that have a matching set, so P1, P2, P3 in our case, then you say, okay, I'm going to try and run consensus with this key that has the secrets of P1, P2 and P3. But I might update later my prediction. So although I'm trying to run consensus with the P1, P2, P3 key, I just get another one. So I say, okay, now I also want to try with P1, P2, P3, P4, right? So this can keep increasing. And the only limitation you have is that you can only announce larger keys.  Your size of secrets in your key has to be increasing. And this is kind of what allows us to eventually terminate. Why does this work? It works because if I'm honest and I have seen P1 terminating it's asynchronous secret sharing, then by the definition of secrets of this protocol, everyone will eventually terminate the same thing. So they will eventually propose the same set and as a result we're going to eventually converge. All this eventually is although to eternity. So that's why it is weak. It's not necessary it will terminate. So I'm going to jump forward the rest of this paper to look a bit into the rest. The second key thing is that we do this eventually perfect common coin that basically uses the weak DKG output in order to flip a coin. If everyone agrees then we can terminate consensus if we do not agree then we can try again. And the cool thing is that the way it works you can only try at most F plus one times. Okay, so let's move forward here. So in order for this to work because we have disagreements we need to use a binary agreement protocol that can actually handle this agreement. Hopefully there is a ton of research in distributed computing doing binary agreements and the one we could use was the one from most FOD and authors which actually has n-square communication complexity. So as a result n-square communication complexity run for n parties in order to agree that each party has terminated their secret sharing. It's n cubed F times because we get F times that we can disagree goes you to n fourth. You can play a bit around with error correcting code to get down to n cubed log n but that's all. So actually if you do it in Vaba you only get to n fourth because of the weak DKG that can't go lower. So cool, but it's actually not really that efficient. So we try to actually get practical solutions and once you have the knowledge that it can be solved you have really the precision to start actually trying to solve it. The first was really can it be solved? So what works with this practical ADKG where there are like two things that we had to change in the black box in order to reduce the communication complexity to n cubed. One is that this two-dimensional secret sharing that I described is quite inefficient because you need two dimensions and it's dimensions of the orphan. You have to broadcast it so really you can't really get much lower than n cubed log n with a lot of automizations. So instead we managed to reduce it to n squared per sharing so n cubed total by using a bit more faster cryptography so encrypt and then prove your secret shares and then using zero less proofs to show that the degree of your polynomial is the one you want. Check the paper to see exactly how it's done. It's not novel cryptography, you can find it in other fancy crypto papers. The second thing that we had to get out was the fact that our weak ADKG is kind of too weak. We could try to binary search this convergence of F disagreements to get log n. We tried a bit, I think it's possible we didn't persist much but that's it, you have to get a lot of rounds of disagreements. So we completely changed our approach. And again all the time we want to answer this question, how are we going to boost our consensus? So how does the practical ADKG work? Well, again and parallel secret sharing as always but now instead of trying to figure out what is the common key that we're trying to agree it's part that just says I believe one and two for example like node one says I believe one and two terminate correctly, node two says I believe two and three terminate correctly, everyone chooses a set of F plus one part that they believe they terminate correctly. And they broadcast to everyone else committing that I want to believe that, okay? Once we broadcast, every node gets a belief of what everyone else believes. So node one here knows that it believes that T1 like one and two is the correct set, the correct key set let's say, node two has shared the belief of node one and it has its own, node three also shared the belief of node one and it has its own. But you might get like, it can be that parts are malicious so they really broadcast correctly. So what happens is that every party has announced what they believe is a nice key to use. So what we do is we do not try to converge on a single key, instead we say we're going to run binary agreements so we're going to agree on whether node one has terminated using its belief of who else has terminated. So you're running a binary agreement on the secret sharing of node one using its proposed key set of one and two. You're going to run a binary agreement of whether node two has correctly secret shared their secret using their belief of parties two and three correctly terminated and so goes. So if a party was honest and correctly did this step, you have a nice key, they have a correct belief so you can terminate binary agreement. You have a consistent strong key. That's beautiful. The problem really comes when a node is either malicious so they didn't really give a correct belief or it's just crushed because then you don't have a secret key, you don't have a coin to use in the binary agreement and this is where it becomes interesting and to really solve it you need to dig deep into FLP. So FLP if you ask any grad student of distributed computing that hasn't really read the proof will tell you that FLP says that consensus is impossible in a synchrony or deterministic consensus is impossible in a synchrony. But what the proof actually says that consensus is impossible in a synchrony if you start with what is called the bivalent state. So if you start with a question like half of the parties believe zero, half of the parties believe one so it can go both ways. If you actually start from everyone already pre-agreing on zero or pre-agreing on one it will terminate there. You don't really have a question to answer. So how we solve it is basically by exploiting this. The fact that if a party, if a malicious party or a crushed party did not propose a key set no one will enter with the belief that they have a key set. Everyone will enter with zero and as a result you don't need a coin for this kind of things. You can use one of the newest binary agreements the one for Tyler Crane which is what we call good case coin free. If it starts from everyone proposing zero you don't need a coin. You terminate in two rounds, you output. And as a result for the honest parties we're going to flip coins and decide zero one. For the malicious parties we're going to decide zero because everyone will enter with zero and we can terminate the KG. And this can get us down to and cubed. So we are actually practical and we implemented it and as you can see especially for low threshold, for T plus one threshold it's quite scalable. Like even for 120 parties a DKG takes 10 seconds. No, yeah, no, 40 seconds and uses account 10 megabytes of bandwidth, right? So if you're running it every day it's nothing, right? You actually use it. And if you see we even have comparisons with DRAN and we actually perform better than DRAN although DRAN is not a synchronously performer of course. This is DRAN of 2021. We haven't benchmarked the latest implementation. But it is practical, at least for T plus one. The real extra cost comes when you get to higher thresholds because of all the crypto you're using and as you see for two T plus one especially the time explodes. Like for 64 parties you only need two and a half minutes. So in a paper that we're going to be presenting in using security we try to kind of attack this last problem of getting ADKG if you need higher thresholds because for consensus we really need those higher thresholds, right? Let's keep a bit this. So the basic basic idea and again go and see the paper if you care about exactly how it works is that instead of trying to do the initial secret sharing on the higher threshold like we did with the HAPSS or with the practical ADKG what you do is you do multiple, you share multiple secrets at the same time all with F plus one threshold. And then you can use all these algorithms you can harvest it using a hyperinvertebral matrix to actually create a coefficients of a higher degree polynomial. So basically you can just secret share two polynomials of F plus one agree on the secret sharing like before using basically the same ideas of ADKG and then put them inside a matrix multiplication to get out coefficients for a two F plus one polynomial then you do some broadcast like this kind of how it works but I'm not going to go deep into it and you can get any threshold you want from T plus one to two T plus one by only paying the cost of sharing secrets and committing to secrets of T plus one. And as a result if you look here like this is the numbers of practical ADKG so if you look at the two T cases you see that the performance is like eight to nine X like of course it's more costly than doing a single sharing but it is basically proportional to the degree you want instead of paying a huge cost to do the commitment. Running a lot of time we can also very efficiently refresh keys so once you have a key you can actually refresh much more efficient why you have a coin so you can use this coin to terminate consensus you can use this coin to do something and as a result you don't really need to do again all these binary agreements all the time you can just run real consensus and the cool thing is that once you do sampling you can really sub-sample very low because your two-thirds less holes goes back to half like you no longer have an agreement to really decide you'll need to make sure that at least one of us party refreshes. That's the APSS even more efficient than the ADKG so really practical we can actually set up keys without making any synchrony assumptions now and let me just talk a bit about this last thing which is really how we work at Mission Lab it's our new blockchain called SUI and the basic idea is that you don't need to do all payments with consensus you can have what we call consensus payments using reliable broadcast so you have a transaction you can send to the validators they can process it you collect your proof that they processed it you send it back to the validators they execute based on the fact that they have all a quorum processed it and you terminate so super simple and the cool thing is that you can use this workflow to run things like lotteries and do a lot of randomness stuff without again needing consensus and it works very simply again if you have set up a secret share it works basically on the same pipeline you have a user transaction that also sends a seed to the randomness the parties process transaction and sign the seed with their partial share then you collect the certificate you also interpolate the secret shares this is the randomness you send the randomness for execution and you terminate the only important thing is that you are like you the client is the one that decides if they finish the protocol as a result you need to put the money in advance and claim them back at the execution step because if you want to pay later you can just decide not to do it but I think that's it and I'm happy to discuss more on any of those topics or flying or during the questions thank you very much are there any questions from the audience? yeah I actually have a couple of questions first when you mention trusted set up do you just mean like a common reference string model or is it one? I mean a trusted dealer trusted? a dealer like I know that has a secret and does the secret sharing and then sends the shares to everyone yeah and then you said you would test it with DRUN and we've had feedback from you know like I don't even remember who told us but basically they told us when they tried running a DKG with DRUN was like I think it was 256 nodes which we've never done so far they encountered some bug in DRUN itself did you run such big DKGs and did you see such bugs? no we tried to do 128 and it didn't terminate so that's why it's up to 64 but it didn't terminate because of the time yeah like after 3 minutes you're like okay let's kill it I don't want to pay WES anymore so it could be that it's very very slow but you know it's already very far higher than what we cared about and the final question I guess we mentioned earlier we really wanted to move to an unsynchronized DKG setup and we are reworking the way we do DKG and everything so currently what we do is Pedersen DKG and resharing following one of the Pedersen based papers I think I don't even know where the resharing comes from anyway it's very basic you know and so do you have a recommendation maybe of what we should be implementing in practice if we were to change our DKG knowing that we want to do a resharing with the new scheme of the same secret we already have from the Pedersen DKG yeah so like DKG have two components like you know how you do commitments how you do the initial resharing and how you agree on it so you can more or less keep the same like your commitments scheme like you can do it with Pedersen if you want and just look into the black box of how to agree on it like so it's really completely modular so you can move what you have by changing the message pattern and get it asynchronously usually don't really need to change the crypto you might pay a bit more in like communication complexity but I guess you wouldn't care much like if you want to keep the crypto you keep the crypto there's nothing that interfaces the tools in such a way that you have to really co-design them so what you're saying is we should just stick with what we have you can stick with what you have if you want to keep it on the crypto side and really look into the message patterns and how to create a protocol that is asynchronously safe and live basically and so you have like a specific one in mind or like there is a good practical one I would say that you can check our papers for the most practical ones Which one? There's a practical ADKG I guess your threshold you want is F plus 1 you don't care about high thresholds Yeah, we might want Yeah, when you say threshold you mean the threshold of mal-issues nodes, right? Yes So we might want to have more than that maybe I think the thing is that in a synchrony For liveness In a synchrony of the setup phase that's all you can get Okay Then let's just take it offline Yeah, okay, yeah, sure Another question at the back here Thank you for the presentation Do you have fundamentally different requirements for consensus for producing new I don't know how you call it new pulses of randomness versus resharing states where you want to reshare the key where I would guess you actually want almost all the parties not just a majority to actually get a new state of their key share So not really because what you can do is make sure that a majority gets the shares and they can help the parts that didn't show up get them whenever they show up As a result, if you have a high threshold enough they can recover later What if the first majority just because the second majority was late what if the first majority includes mal-issues parties that will no longer That's why you want 2F plus 1 to say, okay, I have a secret key, right? So F can just drop dead and the other F plus 1 can help the slow ones recover So you need to play with the thresholds Any final questions? Yeah, so I think in your protocol it's multiple rounds and that's kind of make it challenging So if you're going for sort of non-interactive version using publicly variable encryption kind of approach So does it make the asynchronous problem kind of straightforward? It's still challenging It's not the round really The problem is that you need to harvest somehow randomness from inconsistent proposals So it won't really make it easier like there are different trade-offs, I think and also in the complex there are different trade-offs because if you want to publicly variable share the secrets there's an order of hand by definition message like you need all the secrets and everyone to verify them So there are really good protocols with that and they also have similar complexities Right, right For the full non-interactive it's not really a synchronous like to be full full interactive you would need to use a blockchain so you're already sitting there, right? You're putting everything on a broadcast channel Like if you're assuming broadcast channel, you mean Yeah, if you have broadcast channel then this is irrelevant The whole point here was you don't have a preset broadcast channel Yeah, I mean, yeah Okay, we can talk about it Yeah, that's fine Good Oh, we can take more questions we're ahead of time I think I want to understand better it seems like this is like really well designed for the threshold is really well designed for the blockchain use case basically you like I guess what you end up with it seems like is that if you actually had F plus one malicious parties they could then basically use their F plus one shares say we construct all the shares for all the other the two F plus one shares for the second layer and then have the actual secret Is that right? Yeah, basically if the parties were malicious of the setup phase already then they can just start the transaction from the beginning and figure out what happened if they get compromised later on and you have the higher threshold then they have deleted these by-products and you can actually survive your actual threshold even if it's 2T plus one So it depends when you compromise them Wait, when are they able to delete the by-products? Do they need those to bootstrap offline parties or asynchronous parties? Is that not true? Depends on the like for the first protocol that I've said, yes but then if you do like things like encrypt and then share you then encrypt it for the public key of that party, right? So you can't really do anything there you can't just open it up you can only give it to them Got it, that's interesting Okay Okay, we'll take one more Sorry, just maybe like very basic I just want to make sure what you're solving So you're just doing VSS or you're doing you call a distributed key generation but it's not like I didn't hear the word like DSA or El Gamal so it's just a shared randomness just VSS, so what are we doing again? No, no, we're sharing a public key a private key, we're secretly sharing a private key you can't use El Gamal encryption on that key So the primitive So you just share randomness you want to do Shamir's secret sharing of a secret that's your basic task sorry, I just want to make sure I get the basic problem you're doing Yes, so you want to generate a private key so share randomness if you want to call it So you don't want time Yes, but you keep it secret so you can then use it again and then you can use like the last thing that I didn't really present there is sharing to refresh that you can either refresh it So you can share 0 so if the key is the same or you can actually run it with a new key you can just run it with a new key and now everything is new, you just lose the interface I'm just curious because it looks like the number n I've seen was like 600 that's like negligible number So I'm trying to understand why sorry, I'm not a distributed guy but you're fighting for this n to the force and cube but my understanding, the problem with 60 parties is just waiting for round trips whether it's n cube and to the 10s it's irrelevant, it's like kilobytes it's totally irrelevant, so I'm just trying to understand why you're fighting for this is it like a theory question or this is a bottleneck like 10 kilobytes, megabytes it's also on the computation of these n's play 128 cubes is like what No, I'm just trying to understand because n is like a hundred computers who run billions of instructions a second so why is this important just high levels that understand this So, like, I don't really Why don't sync terminate like what you're saying in three minutes So I would imagine for n equals 100 even if you take n to the 10th protocol it will terminate under one second so something didn't terminate in three minutes what is the problem in this field is it just this round trip so computers adversarily online to me like n cubes is super fast for n equals 100 it's like not even a question to optimize So I think that the point is that you want to get it to like you would want to refresh this key basically every hour let's say, right and also it's in a synchrony, right so these numbers work because all messages are delivered on time if you start having shaky network the more messages you have to send the less will arrive the more you have to resend the more you can very easily fan out but I, in general, like I get your point but I could be wrong it's like everybody is doing it so I'm sorry for asking basic questions So I think that this is like there's two fold one it is still quite slow like you can't really generate keys in second or middle like yes we do that now because we can but if you could do millisecond of generating fresh randomness you could do a lot of other blocks and applications and now basically no one will even implement one you want to go to the possible and see what people will do right and I forgot what the second was anyway like I think that and ah yeah the second is that we use this complexity as kind of a guideline you know like let's get more efficient No it's a beautiful theory question sorry just I'm trying to put practical head which I'm failing so in practice the reason it's like important it's is it really this end cube and so on or this is like round trip and cube is like a red herring you know end cube versus end of the force so why do we have this practical problems you know when you do your experiments So I can tell you like because ADKZ is not really a thing that is very practical and you're in consensus where we have the same thing right so PBFT was the the holy grail for many many years and the problem was that it had an end cubed viewed change which is a lot of messages like if you have a buffer you can't really have 8 million messages there or 8 billion messages waiting to process you're going to start dropping them right and as a result the protocol will never terminate because you have to assume that message will keep arriving the network is safe right so there are practical implications on this kind of stuff also because they're on a synchrony Let's take it off now but thank you Thank you Wonderful thank you very much Thank you Another put your hands together once more for left hand


Welcome to Retro Tech. Today I want to take a special look at a Sony PVM. This specific Sony PVM is a 1954 Q. It was manufactured in 1996 and this was personally my very first Sony PVM. I bought this in 2015 right before the market pretty much took off and I think I got it for about $200 with shipping. This one came from a government auction and I'd like to go through just some of the details on the monitor. I'd like to show you why you might want to consider having a 1954 Q in your collection of Sony PVMs. Let's take a closer look at the monitor. This particular PVM was made in 1996 and only had the one owner which was the US government. I want to go through this one specifically. First off let's look at what makes this so special to me. Please look over here on the right hand side and you'll notice this property of US government. Now this is a metal inventory tag and as I said I got this as overstock or basically old stock of equipment from a government auction site and it was a piece that was used as a playback monitor for NASA which is pretty cool. It's got some tagging still on it from that. It's got that nameplate and it's also got this sticker on top. Let you see that from the John Glenn Image Technology Center, John Glenn Research Center for NASA. So basically I bought this PVM. I didn't know anything about PVMs. This is my first one. I got it and then I started picking up more after I learned about it and I pretty much put this one in the back and I haven't cleaned it. So today I really want to just go through the monitor a little bit. I want to show you how I'm going to clean it. Taking a quick look at the back of the monitor here you can see it's pretty standard. It's got two lines for composite in, one line for S-video in and then you'll notice down here. Unfortunately this model only has one line in for RGB or component. So you can switch it between them but it does only have one line so it's not like the medical units that have two which I highlighted previously. The operations menu on this monitor is identical to that of the last PVM that we focused on on our calibration menu settings. So please check that video out if you want to know how to calibrate one of these but let's just look a little bit here at this sticker and back and you can see it's still quite dirty so today we'll be taking it apart. I'll let you see how I do that and how I clean it all up. The first thing I like to do is open up the shell after I've tested it to see what the condition is like on the inside of the PVM. A lot of times dust will build up heavily inside your PVM over the years as well as since there's these nice holes there's a lot of room inside there and that can attract insects and basically they will come and inhabit your PVM on the warmer components as they're running and it can make a real mess inside if you don't take care of that so it's always a great idea after you make sure your monitor is working to get inside and see what's going on. Now I'm going to show you how to open that up. To open this monitor it's just going to be these three screws on each side and then our four screws in the back. Remember we're just taking these four screws up for this one. Slowly take the shell off. Now the screws are all gone let's go ahead and remove the shell.  Now we've got the back of our monitor open. We've got nothing plugged in no signals running to it because we know it works we're just concentrating on cleaning it out. Let's take a close look and zoom in on some of these areas. I want you to notice how much dust is built up in this monitor. So if you look over here the area is like the flyback and especially on the electron gun there's dust built up there. We got dust on the tube this is pretty standard amount of dust and I even see some cobwebs. It looks like a spider might have tried to move in here once. A lot of just dust especially down there on the board you can kind of see just how dusty everything is. There you go. It's a good shot of the bottom board there. What I really want to emphasize is the reason we want to get rid of. The reason it's so important to get rid of dust is dust can act like an insulator and that is what can really damage a lot of our components inside of our CRT monitors. Buildup of heat will cause our capacitors to fail as well as other parts and again that dust should just come out and I want to show you how I get rid of the dust. I have found there are two great things to really get rid of dust in your monitor. The first is this a very high quality non-conductive paint brush. This one's very clean I know it looks like it has some paint on there but that was from a long time ago it's been very clean and I just like to brush over most of the PVM starting from the top down that way I can free up a lot of that dust and then I'll go back after that and hit it up with some good old-fashioned compressed air. So let's just go ahead and I'll let you watch me do this. I'll let you watch me clean this PVM and get a lot of this dust out. One quick thing to mention while I'm in here cleaning this is a great opportunity if the first time to open your monitor to check and see what kind of condition a lot of your components are in. If you can see here just this takes a good chance to look over some of these areas to make sure that nothing looks like it's failing everything looks like it's still in very good shape. You really want to inspect a monitor just visually before you even start working on it and this one again a lot of the components are in great shape it's just dirty. It's got to be very gentle again you're not trying to be aggressive with this you're just trying to knock that dust down and then we're going to blow it out later. Also remember to gently wipe down your cables. The cables build up a lot of dust and you can just get rid of that and you only want to really do this every once in a while so just go ahead and make sure that you just knock off as much of that nasty dust as possible up everything. Alright there you go maybe you can see that's already getting a little bit better. You got some dust flying around in the air you can see on the lens so I'm just going to blow a lot of this out now. Just in case you don't use this stuff very much just do slow sporadic bursts. Slow bursts most of the time you don't want to shoot out a lot of that cold onto your board and your other components but if you just give it some quick bursts it does great.  Now sometimes if you haven't turned a monitor on for a really long time and it comes on you can hear some crackle and hear some and smell something that smells like some burning. A lot of that times that can be this dust build up getting on some of your components and then your monitor turns on and gets hot and the stuff that's been sitting there for a long time starts to pop and burn and smells nasty so that doesn't necessarily if that happens it doesn't mean you have a problem with your PVM it just could be extremely dirty. I again always recommend cleaning these to try to prevent damage to a lot of the components on the inside. If you want to take a quick zoom in here look at some of the components this one's just pretty much got the main board there similar to an arcade monitor or any kind of CRT TV more of like a chasis board there that has the fly back and then we've got our CRT and our Yoke set up with our electron gun and our net board our power board is over here where all the powers comes from. This is a very easy PVM to maintain and work on compared to many other models as you can see there's a lot of space in there and it's very easy to take apart and put back together but we don't need to do much more with the inside of this one. Another tip if there's something that you really want to get gunk off of and you can't you can always use an old toothbrush those are really good ideas and rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol is a safe solution this one pretty much just needed dusting and the wipe down electron gun and that's pretty much it for the internal cleaning that I'm going to do. Just a quick shot here of the net board attached to the electron gun you can see there's some silicone on there which has come undone that's not really a big deal you can reapply that but I just want you to see how clean that got it. It looks like a polished new piece of glass. Thanks again for taking a special look at this monitor today in the second part of the episode I will show you how to clean the shell effectively that we've taken off as well as give it those stickers and make it look really nice and clean and shiny and basically as new as possible but that's pretty much all you really need to do for the inside if you notice that you have a big problem or if you any kind of problem with a component this is a good time to research and try to figure out either how to fix it or maybe try to talk to somebody who does know how to fix it and try to get some help. Again look for the episode coming up very soon about cleaning the outside of the monitor. Thanks again for watching Retro Tech. Have a great day!


Welcome to today's tutorial. In this video, you will learn how to make a modern interior scene from scratch with Blender to D5 workflow. Here is the scene that I modeled in Blender. To move and adjust everything with ease, I recommend synchronizing the model to D5 using D5 converter blender. Click the sync button, then the model will be imported into D5 in a blink. To have lights from outside come into the room. Press shortcut key I and choose the transparent material template for the glass. Then let's adjust the natural lighting. First I want to import a cloudy day HDRI, and you can rotate HDRIs in D5 as you like. It's better to turn off auto exposure, before you play with the adjustable sunlight parameters to get the proper lighting. Then comes artificial lighting, which is a must for interior spaces. I'm adding a rectangular light, shortcut key 4. Then scale it up to make the light big enough to reach the whole room. Then I'll place it higher and away from the window, adjust its angle, attenuation radius and other parameters, until I get the ideal effect. This will serve as the main light source of the living room. Moving on, I'm adding another rectangular light as supplementary lighting for the living room. This one should be a little smaller than the window, and I'll place it right outside the house. Press the shortcut key I to activate material picker, and click on the surface of a model to activate material editing tab on the right. As for the wooden floor, I'd like to make the natural wood texture more obvious. So I inserted a roughness map from Quixel into base color, and adjusted its UV to make it look more realistic. You can also choose from D5 material library. The batch import PBR textures feature in D5 as of great use, for it allows you to import multiple maps into corresponding slots all at once, which will spare you a lot of time. Here I multi-selected the Albedo, AO, Displacement, Normal, and Roughness maps for the concrete material of the ceiling. And they are successfully recognized and imported, so I'll just adjust the UV for it. You can always reuse the materials you've already adjusted, to speed up the work. You see, I'll just press the shortcut key I, and click the ceiling, press shortcut key O, to apply the ceilings material to this part of wall near the ceiling. With D5 converter blender, you'll be able to synchronize the furniture to D5, in D5A format. Once you've placed the furniture in the right spot, you can then work on material adjustment. As I've mentioned, try batch import PBR textures feature as a time-saving tool. For the surface of this coffee table, I applied a light gray plaster texture to it. To make a classic wooden cabinet, find a suitable texture map for it, and adjust the UV and color. Once this part is done, you can copy and paste the material, for other parts of the kitchen cabinet. When it comes to the metal tap, pay attention to the metallic parameter. I usually pull it to the far right, and set the base color lighter and adjust the saturation, and roughness a little. It works similarly on door handles, and the sink. Since the sink is stainless material, roughness can be set higher. If needed, you can import a roughness map with scratches for the metal materials, to create a more realistic effect. According to the atmosphere of space you achieved, see if certain materials need more adjustment. Remember to pay attention to niche or other spaces that lack incoming lights, avoiding materials that look too dark compared to the surroundings. You can pull up the brightness value of base color a little bit. Here I'll apply some of the ready-to-use materials elsewhere. The material of cabinet even works well on the chair. Feel free to apply it wherever it fits. The other furniture also needs some adjustment. There's no strict rule to follow, just try to make everything blend into the whole space and atmosphere. As a finishing touch to the living room, import a carpet model here and apply a plush carpet texture map to it. I'll also add a base color map and a normal map for it, to achieve a realistic rug effect. When placing chairs or other parts of furnishing, you can switch to top view and turn on wireframe mode to get a clear view of the space as you do in CAD software. If you find any part missing in the model while you're rendering in D5, don't worry, you can make the necessary editing any time in your modeling software. For example, I am now back in Blender adding baseboard to the wall. I tend to turn on round corner for this part. When it's done, I start the live sink and continue my work in D5. Select the track lights on the ceiling with material picker to adjust its settings. Turn on emissive and give it a warm to medium color temperature of around 3000 kelvins. For other emissive lights, you can adjust them the same way. All right, let's move on to adding light sources. I added a spotlight, shortcut 2, with cone angle set at max, to expand the range of lighting. With three copies of it, I now have four spotlights in the shape of a square. Group these four, drag this light group to the window and adjust it to fill the living room, with soft and beautiful lighting. You can refer to my parameters for this scene. Going to another space inside, you'll find the hallway a little dark so I'll add a rectangular light at each end of it. And observe the lighting from inside the living room, to see the results as I adjust the lights. Considering lights from here are not the main lighting, I'll set an appropriate intensity value and attenuation radius for it. First thing is to hide components that stand in the way, so you can better observe the scene. I choose the classic one point perspective. For field of view, depth of field and other camera settings, adjust them according to the scene you're dealing with. It's time for output. That completes today's tutorial on how to make an interior scene with Blender D5 workflow. You can download the scene on D5 forum to have a try yourself. Thanks for watching.


I must say this, just a couple of weeks ago, I was in conversation with someone who is considered some kind of an expert on internet affairs and social media and all this. So, he's been looking at our material in the YouTube and various other platforms and I said, easily I can give you fifty times more than what is there. You know, just people work on all the thousands of hours of audio and video that's there in the archive. Fifty times more in a year's time, we can multiply it by fifty. That much material is there. He said, Sadhguru, already what is there here, you're throwing it all over the place, it's worth a billion dollars. I said, see what will I do with a billion dollars? My interest is seven billion people. I have no interest in billion dollars. What do I do with it? My interest is people.


I'm sure somebody did. Anyways, so let's do one more of these ions. OK, so these polyatomic ions. So this is a good one to do. H3O plus. OK, so what do we know? So tell me some things that we know how to build this thing. O is going to be the central atom, right? So let's go ahead and draw oxygen as the central atom, and we'll draw all the other atoms and their various Lewis structures as well. So oxygen has got 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, right? Hydrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen, OK? So now what do we do? We've got to remove an electron, right? Why? Because there's the positive charge. Where will we remove it from? The oxygen. Yeah, preferably the bottom, so we can easily connect our fish of heroes. So you guys seem to be getting this, OK? Again, you can do this through the calculations, OK? And that works too, but this is also working, OK? And now let's just do our fish of heroes. The formal charge is a plus on that oxygen there. So hopefully everybody got that. This thing's called the hydronium ion. OK, remember, this is just the Lewis structure of it. It's not the actual molecular structure. Can I erase this part here? So what's the bond angle? How about this? Let's build this through Vesper here. What is the actual molecular structure of it? So the oxygen, and there's going to be how many bonds well we're towards it. Very good. And behind, and any in the plane. And then, so that's what it looks like. Is everybody OK with that? So what's the name of the molecular structure that this molecule is? Trigonal pyramidal. And what's the bond angle here? You guys remember? I know we just memorized it. 107. Yeah, 107.3. So why is it 107.3? Or why don't we step back for a second? What's the electronic geometry of this thing? Tetrahedral, right? Why? It has four areas of electron density around that central atom, right? Why is this bond angle 107.3 and not 109.5? Yeah, the valence electrons are very diffuse and kind of push those even further down. So electronic geometry, this is molecular. This thing over here is called the Lewis structure. This is the molecular structure. So the Lewis structure is like a two-dimensional version of the three-dimensional molecular structure. You guys want to see, I guess the last thing we could do is look at, if I have them, available. So yeah, something like maybe this would be this ion, right? Assuming this was an oxygen.


Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. For today's video, I'm going to do another collection video. We are going to be working on highlighters. So I've done all of my eyeshadow palettes, all of my face palettes, all of my bronzers, all of my blushes. Now it's time to get into some really nice stuff. You guys have been waiting for my highlighter collection. So I keep them in this acrylic drawer and then also this acrylic drawer. The ones in the drawer we're going to start off with first are mostly my most affordable highlighters and then we'll get into higher end. So if you want to see all of these highlighters individually, let's just get going. So like I said, this first drawer that we're starting off here with is mostly my drugstore and more affordable highlighters. We had some things that just didn't fit in the other drawer. Now all of the highlighters in this video that I'm showing you are not in face palettes. So I do have a whole face palette collection. All of those highlighter palettes as well are in that video, but these are just my individual highlighters. So we will start off over here. Now this first one is not a drugstore or more affordable highlighter. This one is I would say high end. This is from Persona and this is a highlighter in the shade Zuma. It is so beautiful. You guys just the most perfect champagne, slightly gold highlighter. Highly recommend Persona's highlighters. People don't talk about them a lot. They are incredible. I also have this Wet n Wild Mega Glow highlighting powder. This one is in the shade Precious Petals. This one is a classic. This is one that I bought years ago probably when I was first starting getting into highlighters and this you wouldn't know was like $30 amazing quality for the price. I think Wet n Wild does some of the best highlighters at the drugstore also from Wet n Wild. I have this blush lighter in the shade highlight bling. This is semi new. It's been out for a few months but this is quite a bulini highlighter. You can use this kind of as a blush chopper or if you have a deeper skin tone. It's a nice highlight and then you have this really bright white one. It's not quite as good as the mega glow one that I just showed you but this one is still really nice. I like this one a lot too. I have a couple Wet n Wild ones over here as well. So we have the highlighting gold bar. This was so popular back in the day and then they relaunched it and again it's still very popular. People don't talk about this one as much anymore but it is a very nice golden highlighter. It's just a few bucks. It's definitely worth grabbing if you're looking for nice like gold highlighter and then this one came out in a collection Wet n Wild had a couple years ago and this is the earth highlighter. It's a really nice one. I bought the whole collection. This is the only one that I still have. It's the only one that I actually wear again. It's good quality. It's not as good as some of their other highlighters but it was definitely worth keeping and it's quite smoothing on the skin down here in this corner. I have this Miss Cop Makeup blush highlighter. I bought this when I was in Spain. I don't think it's a Spanish brand but it's just was a brand I never heard of. Honestly don't love this highlighter. It's a little bit chalky but I bought it in Spain so I just kind of want to keep it for the memories even though it's a super chalky highlighter but I'll use it every now and then because it does give a glow. It just feels really cheap as I have Wet n Wild highlighters placed everywhere throughout this drawer but this is the I'm so lit highlighting powder and this is really really bright. Honestly I wish I would have gone with a lighter shade in this. It's really nice. It's just kind of white and stark on me so I don't prefer it but if I do want something super glowy. This is a nice loose highlighter.  So if you're looking for a nice affordable highlighter that's loose. This is a good one to look into. We have this Revlon Skin Lights Prismatic highlighter. This is so bomb. If you're looking for a highlighter again that has high end quality. This is really great. It's that baked gelay formula so you don't get a lot of follow and this is so smoothing on the skin. It's really one of my favorites from the drugstore. It's very very nice. It's semi new. Again, it's one that's been out for a few months but it is totally worth it. Highly recommend. I have this guy from Flower Beauty. This is the Pyramids cheek color in the shade rose glow. So this can be used as a blush or a highlighter. I really like the versatility that it has. I decided to keep it in my highlighter drawer because that's typically how I tend to use it. I tend to stick in this range but this one is nice as well. It's not one of my favorite highlighters in the world but I do really enjoy it and it's worth keeping it. So if you like having different options and a lot of variety in a product, this one is nice. If you like that blush lighter look. So I have four of the color pop super shock cheeks. So for a while I didn't know how to use these. I have discovered I like applying these with a sponge. So I do actually really like these. I feel like they give a very smooth finish on the skin. So this one is lunch money. It's pretty bright. It's not the brightest one that I have but if I want something that gives a nice glow, this is nice. These you have to keep shut tight though so that they don't dry out. And then the other one from the regular line that I have is Flexitarian. Now Flexitarian is very very white. So this one is super glowy like back in the day 2014 kind of glow that was a bit obnoxious. That's what this gives you or super fair skin. You would like this color and then these ones are no longer sold. These two came from a color pop collection with Kathleen lights. So this one is I'm on the cusp and I really like this one. This is more of like a wearable super chalk cheek that I go for just for every day has a little bit of a goldenish champagne tone to it and again, I just love the finish that these gives on the cheek. This one's a little bit deeper. This is fire. This one looks really good as a bronzy highlighter. So when I wear a bronzy look, I'll use this. It's a little bit too deep on my skin tone, but I still really like it and again that finish if these didn't dry out. I would own more of these for sure because I think that they are a beautiful formula and actually filming this right now makes me want to buy more because they're so good. All right. So you can see I have a few Kaleidos in here. I have more in the other door. These just kind of swam over here because I ran out of room but I'll show you the ones that I had the Kaleidos highlighters beautiful. As you can see really amazing packaging. So this one is I forgot that this one was broken. Why did I do that? We have Mars Melter. So a lot of theirs have really neat duo chromes. This one has a more pinky duo chrome kind of hard to see unless you swatch it. But these give a very nice smooth finish on the cheek. We have Space Age. I get as you can see this one's going to give you a bit more of a blue shift. These are really beautiful. I highly recommend them if you're into individual highlighters and you want to support an indie brand. Rayrider is going to give you a little bit more of an orangey kind of shift. This one is one of the few more wearable ones of these and then we also have Skywalker right here and this one is a very glittery blue duo chrome to it. Very, very beautiful. I have a few of these Milani ludicrous lights highlights. These came out for what was supposed to be their Coachella collection which obviously didn't end up happening. This first one is Pinkaboo and I don't really like these so much as highlighters. I feel like they don't give off enough payoff and they're a little bit chunky but on the eyes they're very pretty. So that's where I would use these but this one's cute and if you do really want like a duo chrome different kind of highlighter you can make these work. I would say set your face. Have it be a little bit damp and put these on top and this would be perfect for a duo chrome highlighter from the drugstore. This one's Peachella and let me show you kind of what you're getting yourself into. So it has a bit glittery this to it. As you can see on my finger it is just a little bit too chunky but again if you want to make it work you can and then here is definitely the more unique one Lala Pabluza and this one specifically I prefer on the eyes because this one looks a little bit chunky on the face. We have a classic. This is the Essence Pure Nude highlighter. If you like an everyday really soft kind of highlighter this is beautiful. You actually do get quite a nice amount of glow with this. It looks really boring in the pan but it really shows up beautifully on the cheek. A swatch doesn't do this justice but it is so popular in a classic for a reason. Fabulous for everyday super smoothing on the skin. I really do love this one. I need to reach for this one more. If we have another wet and wild one here this is bougie brunt. Honestly I don't know if they even sell this anymore but this is a beautiful golden highlight. It was a favorite of mine for years. You get so much product and it's so smooth and glowy on the skin. Definitely an underrated product if you ask me. Again wet and wild and the highlighters kill it. I have a few Maybelline Master Chrome highlighters. These are definitely favorites from the drugstore. Most people love these highlighters and they are very good so I have almost all of the colors. So this is kind of the original gold one and I have to say how many people made this work for them? I feel like it is just a bit too deep on me especially in the winter. They have a beautiful formula though. It's very glowy. It's very soft. It's very creamy. They're very popular for a reason. So this is the original gold. This one they like made and said was a collaboration with Niki tutorials and then it wasn't so then they just changed the name. This is the lightest one. It's very very stark. I do like to mix it with that golden one but it's really pretty and I do like this one because at least it's not too dark on me. They had a collection with Huma and this was kind of hard to get a hold of. It's almost like a lilac-y color. I love this highlighter because it is such a unique color. I don't have another highlighter that's quite like this gold and lilac shade. It's beautiful. I'm pretty sure they don't sell this anymore but this one was such a unique highlighter. I'm very happy to have this in my collection and then we have the pink one now. I love the pink one because I love pink blush and I love using a pink highlighter to bridge from the blush to the highlight and this is so beautiful. This is probably my most used of these highlighters. They are so beautiful and creamy. So we have this Milani cream and powder highlight duo. I have mine in the shade power up and this is another one that I really do love. Honestly, I don't even know which side is supposed to be the cream because they're both really powdery to me. They feel powdery but these are a beautiful smoothing formula. Again, swatches really don't do highlighters justice but this is another great quality highlighter from the drug store. Very smoothing on the skin. Semi new. Really like this one. I have this sleek makeup highlighter quad I believe. These were very popular a few years ago. Honestly, I find them to be a bit too stark and I don't like the cream product in here and they're kind of chalky feeling. I don't know. These were so popular because they gave a really blinding highlight that is no longer flattering like people realize how bad that look. This is an older palette probably could declutter this but this one was very popular back in the day. The solstice palette leave me a comment down below if you remember when this was really popular. Last highlighter that I have in this drawer is from Milani and this is one of my favorite highlighters to bring to travel. This is the rose glow stellar lights highlighting a trio you guys and it is so beautiful so glowy so smoothing on the skin. The one thing about this I would say is it's not the longest lasting highlighter but I just love bringing these because I love all three colors. I love the pinky the gold and the lighter shade. I mix them I build on them such a beautiful highlighter trio. I like this one a lot. All right. So as you can see here this is my main drawer. This is my baby. These are all of my deep loves. This is my high end and luxury highlighter George. Let's get digging. I have a lot to get through so the first one that we have this is from an indie brand. This is touch of glam beauty. This is her pies in the sky highlighter. This was gifted to me how cute is this? So these are hand-made highlighters. You can find her shop on Etsy and this actually blends out to be a rose gold highlighter. It's really stunning. You have to use a light hand but this one is just so cute. It makes me smile. I have three little mini jouet highlighters. These used to be pop in back in the day. I got these from a holiday set on sale and Norsham are so cheap. So this one was one of their most popular for a long time set train. It's a very, very glowy highlighter. I remember Nikki tutorials recommending this also in that set there was topaz. I really like topaz. It's just a touch too deep on me but super glowy and gorgeous. And then we have rose quartz here which now it is that I'm loving pink highlighters. I think I need to try this one out and see what I think and remind myself because they have a very glowy soft formula. So I think this one will be really nice. We have a little mini Becca opal highlighter. They were giving these away like candy. They still are. This is a very popular sample and it's more than enough because you only need a touch of this. This is one of my all-time favorite highlighters. It's just the perfect everyday highlighter when you want to be really glowy but it's not an obnoxiously stark color. It's just like the perfect blend into your skin. Have glowy skin kind of color. Such an old classic. I still love this one to this day. And then here I have a little mini makeup forever. It's a starlit powder so it's not necessarily a highlighter but for a while back in my wanted to be bright light shown in space highlight days. I put this right at the center of my cheek. It is such a bright color. Honestly, I think I'm going to move this into my eyeshadow drawer since I'm not really that into highlighters like these nowadays. Because these are super bright. I'm actually going to move this to my eyeshadow drawer because I think this will get more use there. I also have a loose highlighter here from Denessa Myricks. It's an in-light powder in the shade Heaven Sent. Now this one's a bit too deep for me as much as I want it to work for me. I need to order another color but beautiful powder. You guys, it has like a little bit of glowy glitteriness to it. She creates such amazing highlights because her style of makeup, she's a makeup artist. She creates so much dimension on the face. She really focuses on different textures, mixing, layering and these, I just love her makeup line and this one is a beautiful one. I just need a new color. I have an artist couture. This one I think I got in a boxy charm a while ago. Summer haze. These are also very nice. This one I don't even think I've used before. How have I not used this before? It's a beautiful color though. I swear I've used this one. Oh, you know what I was thinking of? I have another one from artist couture. This is one that I've used. This one is a shade Illuminati, very white and bright. He has a very nice loose powder formula but such a pain to reach in and use. But artist couture has a great formula. I'd love to see him come out with a press powder if he hasn't before. Might have. I have this Fenty Beauty sand castle highlighter. Honestly, completely forgot that I had this. This was like in a little gift with purchase sample of the brand kind of thing. Super gorgeous. I don't think I've used this maybe more than once. It looks like it could potentially be too deep on me. But I need to put this in the front so I don't forget it. Oh, this is a big baby for me. I treasure it. It's one of my first Chanel purchases by myself. And this is the illuminating powder that came out in the desert collection. Amber Luxe will never get rid of this even though it's not very good brush. It's an interesting highlight formula. I've never had a highlight formula quite like this, but overall it gives a very nice. Not super reflective highlight. It's just gives a really soft glow. It's really gorgeous. Very, very expensive, but I love it. Next up, I have a Jacqueline loose highlighter in the shade bomb. This is very, very glowy again as all loose highlighters are. This one's really, really pretty. She has a very nice formula in these. I haven't used this maybe as much as I should. I should pull this out because I didn't get much use out of this, but she does have a good highlight formula. And then I have a Kylie cosmetics Santorini highlighter. Again, a really gorgeous loose highlighter that I swore I had to have and then never used. It's very, very white. I don't know what was I thinking when I bought these colors. I think this will be the only time I'm going to address this on my channel because I don't want to bring attention to this, but since I'm doing a collection video as far as his products go, I will no longer be reviewing them on my channel, but I have spent my own hard earned money on his products. So I will not be talking about them on my channel anymore, but they will be in my collection still because there's no point of just throwing it away. Like that's all I'm going to say on that. So we have the Dior highlighter in the shade Rosie Bytes, one of my favorite all time highlighters. The best, most prettiest formula, soft pink highlighter.  I've talked about it so much and I feel bad because can't really buy it anymore, but this is one of the best ever. I have a Becca highlighter. This is from the good old Jacqueline Hill days. This is the champagne splits. This one had flower child and champagne pop and I still grab for this from time to time. As you can see, I even hit pan on champagne pop. I really like this. I love the blush color. I love the highlight color. It's still a banging highlight to this day. I have this baby here from Givenchy and this is the shimmery pink shimmer powder. The gold one is easier to get a hold of. I bought this at a Nime Marcus sale recently. First of all, look at this embossing. As you can see, I've started to use it so it's starting to fade away and this is a really gorgeous highlighter. It's very smoothing on the skin without being too obnoxious. I've been enjoying this one a lot. I have a Tom Ford skin illuminating powder duo in the shade Mood Light. I got this at the most recent Sephora BIB sale. I've been enjoying it a lot. I've been enjoying mixing of the two colors. I think it's a nice highlighting duo. We get a lot of products. It's not special. It's not one of the most amazing highlighters in my collection, but I am happy to have this. We have this baby from Bubba Brown. This is one of my very first highlighters. It's probably old and gross by now, but I still use it. Shamefully admitting it. This is the pink glow highlighter. Still beautiful color, you guys. Since I love these pinky highlighters, I'm obsessed with this one. I just remember picking this out and my mom going, this is so expensive. Why are you getting this? There was something about this that spoke to me and I don't know. This one does hold a lot of nostalgia for me. I have this Kylie Cosmetics highlighter and a Queen Drip. Not impressed with the quality on her highlighters here. This one, I struggle to pick up the pigmentation here. It's a little bit chunky on my cheek. Not a huge fan of this one. I have this Ophra highlighter. This is the Start Inspired, which of course was in collaboration with my girl, Samantha March. Such a blinding highlight. I definitely have to use a light hand with it. I'm still proud of her for creating this highlighter though. Everybody loves it. It's a beautiful formula because Ophra just does an amazing job. And I love having the ability to mix the two shades, pick one over the other. It's just a really great overall highlighter. I need to put this towards the front so I grab for it more. Floating around here is from Milk Makeup. This is the Flex highlighter in the shade Lit. This is one of my favorite highlighting formulas ever. It was in my 2019 favorites, I believe. It's one of the most smoothing highlights ever that are super glowy. I love this one a lot. I have this one from Mac, which is just beautiful to look at more than anything else. And this is the Post-Modernist Peach Extra Dimension Skin Finish. Not an amazing formula by Enemies, but it does give a nice glow to the skin. And like I said, more than anything, I just kind of like to look at it. It's so pretty. I have another good old Mac baby over here. This is a classic and it's very, very nice. This is the Soft and Gentle Mineralized Skin Finish. It just gives an all over glowy, everyday, natural kind of look to the cheek. I love it very much. It's a good one. And then the last one that I have here is a Becca and this is the Shade Perseco Pop.  I actually really like this one because it's a little bit more golden. I went through a golden highlight phase in my life and as you know, Becca has a spectacular formula. So I'm going to put these highlighters back on this side and then we'll get to this side. As you can see, very organized. So over here, I have more. Honestly, I didn't put one on any other side for a reason. I just only had one of these organizers. But over here, I do keep these at the front for a reason because these are like my favorite highlighters ever. Both of these are definitely probably my most deuce highlighters. This is the Dior Backstage Original Glow Face Palette. I just featured this in my, you know, if I didn't have a YouTube channel, this would be the highlighter that I would have. I just love the versatility of the palette. Formula on this is very smoothing. So beautiful. And then a second one came out and this is the Glow Face Palette Volume 2 in the shade Glitz. I don't like this one as much as the first one, but this one is still beautiful. You have a little bit more wearable tones. This one is one of my favorite highlighters ever as is this peach one. This peach one, literally incredible. We need more peach highlighters out on the market. There's not a lot. Still, I love this one. I prefer the other one, but this one is still amazing. And then right behind that, we had this guy kind of sneaking around. This is from the Rock and this is the Illuminating Highlight in Daylight. Really beautiful formula. I think it's a bit overhyped. I find that it doesn't show up as well as it swatches. I bought this on sale at an older, like 21 days of beauty or something. It's a nice highlighter, but it's not like the best thing I've ever tried. I think this was like sneaking behind here. So we have this one right here from Tom Ford and this is the Shear Highlighting Duo in Reflex Guilt. These are beautiful. I much prefer this to this one that I showed you over here. I just like these colors more. I think the reflection on the cheek is a little bit more pretty. It's so gorgeous, you guys. I really love this highlighter. I have another one from Dior, a favorite of mine. This is the Hollow Pink and Mel Thompson made me do this because she loved this highlighter and it's more pinky, which again, love my pink highlighters. Just a stunning highlight. Nobody does it like Dior, in my opinion. They have kind of looking like, I say a lot of brands have my favorite highlight formula, but just across the board, Dior has the best. I always loved every single highlighter they come out with. I have a couple more from Fenty over here. So the first one that we have is Trophy Wife, which does not go on my skin tone at all. I actually use this more so as an eyeshadow. I love this for the holidays. I actually always make an effort to use this on my eyes for the holidays because I love a glittery gold. So this actually, like it doesn't get used a lot, obviously, look at all that I have, but I do make an effort to use this one. And then this is the Kilowatt Duo in Me Money and Hustle Baby. Probably my most used highlighter, my senior year of college. I went in on this highlighter. I loved the soft highlighter for my soft highlight days. And then I loved building this color on here. They have a good formula. This one I don't use quite as much anymore, but it definitely got its money worth from me. And then we also have this Diamond Bomb. How many cares from the early days of Fenty, one of their first releases? Super glittery. I would put this all over my chest in college and it's like a weird putty formula. Yeah, it's looking bad. I don't think I need this, but I mean, it's pretty on the chest if you like some glitter. And then the last few that I have, as you can see, we have some more Kaleidos. I'm thinking about putting these in the other drawer with the other ones. I think I'll do that so that way, you know, we can make some more room in here. Yeah, so much better already. Here are some other shades. Like I said, they have more of that duo chromie, unique color kind of thing going on. This is Star Surfer, which is pulling a little bit more pink really running. We have Solar Sailor, which is going to give you more of a yellow shift. I know it's hard to see you without swatches, but I will have a video with swatches. I promise we have the first version of Ray Rider. And we have Laser Glazer, which this one's really neat. Definitely prefer this as an eyeshadow, but if you like a really cool, sick green highlight, this is awesome. And then the last one of this entire video, we have Comet Catcher, which is a bit more of a hot, hot pink. I actually kind of like this one on the face. All right, fam and friends, take a look. This is my entire individual highlighter collection, every single one. Now I will be doing rankings videos. I will break it up between affordable and then high-end and luxury. And those videos will have swatches of the highlighters so that you guys can see. It will be a lot of work because I've quite a large collection, but just keep an eye out for those that they are on the way. So thank you guys so much for watching this video. I hope you enjoyed it. If you aren't subscribed to my channel already, I would really appreciate it if you would take the time to do so and keep an eye out for the rankings, more collection videos. I think I'm going to go into foundations next and I will see you guys in the next one. Bye guys. Have a good one.


Hello, my name is Jade Dean and I am a proud recipient of the Special Session Scholarship for the 2021 school year. I would like to thank the San Jose State University iSchool, Acting Director Dr. Linda Main, the Student Awards and Scholarships Committee, and their co-chairs, Doctors Mary Ann Harland and Mary Kay Bowlin. This award is an honor and will allow me to progress in this program. In my application I presented on an interactive dashboard used to register and collect data for our company's inaugural virtual Young Professional Summit. Young professionals use these summits to network and participate in professional development workshops. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all in-person events were canceled or moved to a virtual platform. And moving the summit online provided a unique opportunity to allow people across North America to attend the event simultaneously. So I joined a six-person team tasked with planning and executing the largest YP Summit in the company's history in four short months. The excitement around the event was so great, we had 700 people register. In order to keep the excitement going, I wanted to create a registration form that could be used to link to a dashboard. 2020 proved to be the year the dashboard, with most people seeing at least one COVID-related dashboard showing infection and mortality rates. I wanted people have a positive experience with dashboards because they are such effective communication tools. To achieve this, I taught myself how to use Survey 123 to create a registration form that would link attendee responses to their office location. Questions included how long they've been with the company versus how long they've been in the industry. The dashboard allows attendees to zoom to their offices while the charts update to display the data in the current map extent. Having a dynamic display of this information allowed attendees to stay excited, interact with each other, and learn about a variety of GIS services we offer. These efforts received excitement and praise from the executive leadership team and then YPs alike. I'm fortunate to be recognized by the Student Awards and Scholarships Committee at San Jose State University High School. Thank you again for choosing me and congratulations to all the other recipients for this award cycle. Thank you.