Hello everyone and welcome back to another Ethan's Journal video. Today, we are going to be doing the first official restoration here on the channel. So this here is a Power Mac G5 that we've had in our basement for quite a while. This is actually my dad's brother's computer. And I just thought it'd be kind of fun to restore it as it's just been sitting in a box for a very long time. And I thought, well, I mean, I don't know if this works or not. I mean, it's probably been sitting there for probably 10 years. So I thought, I might as well do a bit of a restoration on it. So this is the iMac G5 computer, as you can tell. And this is actually one of the later models as it has an eyesight camera. And now the cool thing about these ones is they're super easy to take apart. So if there is a problem with it, we can actually fix it by just unscrewing it. So let's get started. I guess the first thing we can do would be boot up the computer. So we're plugged in three, two, one. All right, there goes the light. It's doing something. There's a bong. Let's see what it does. So it's staying black for a bit. I wonder if, like, this is how all of them boot up, like, if it takes this long. I mean, I wouldn't doubt it. This is a Power PC CPU. It's not an Intel one. This is the Power PC G5 CPU. So I don't know the specs of this thing. Oh, it's on the flash. And look at that. We have a blinking question mark. So what I'm thinking is this computer doesn't have an operating system on it, or the hard drive has failed. So I'm not so sure if I want to do this. But just in case, I did bring a macOS Leopard install copy with the macOS Leopard CD there. So I might have to install this. But if this thing doesn't run Leopard, I do have a macOS Tiger installed disk that we could put in here to, oh, wow. OK, that thing just, so it stayed at that screen for a while. And now it appears it might be booting. Oh my goodness. The computer actually might be booting. So I'm wondering if, like, the hard drive might have a problem, or it takes a while to boot up. But looking at it, it's, that appears to be like it's booting. So I maybe wonder if the hard drive might just be a bit old, so it takes a while to spin up. Maybe it could get a new hard drive, or maybe even an SSD in here, if Apple used to allow that. Certainly it's taking a while to boot, but just in case, we might still need to install a macOS Leopard or Tiger, as I don't know maybe this operating system, if we need to switch out the hard drive or wipe the thing, it'd be worth installing Leopard, as Leopard is the latest operating system these can run, because Leopard was the last official version to support PowerPC. All right, well, the fans just turned on, and they are pushing a lot of air.  All right, it looks like this computer might just be booting up in a long time, so it's going to take a while.  But we still have the spinning icon, so still gonna have to wait for it to boot up. All right, so it's been about five minutes since I recorded the last clip, and it's still spinning. So I'm starting to get the idea that maybe this thing is just stuck. I'm going to leave it for a bit longer. I mean, it's still spinning after about, it's been running for about six, seven minutes now. It's just been spinning, so I'm gonna go. You guys can watch it if you want to. I'm gonna go, I have other things to do while this thing boots up. Yeah, you guys can watch it, it's fine. I don't really know what to do. But I probably should not leave the camera running so long. Well, I'm gone because it's recording in 4K. So, all right, I'm gonna go to the next clip. Bye-bye. All right, I'm starting to get the feeling that this thing is just stuck as nothing has happened. It's been about 10 minutes now. Yeah, nothing has been happening. It's just still been spinning. I don't know what to do. I'm guessing we should probably try to put a disc in there. Maybe try that, see if it'll actually boot to a CD. If not, we might be able to open it up as I do know that these models did have capacitor problems. But I don't see any apparent problems on this thing. I mean, there's no lines on the screen. It actually started to display something. So I'm just thinking that maybe it's just like, maybe the operating system is old, maybe the hard drive's old. We could try, I'm gonna try plugging in a keyboard so we can test that out.   I was just about to shut it off and something happened. Okay, the computer is apparently decided to boot. Took about 10 minutes, but something's happening. Okay, so it looks like it's just a very dark white, but it's trying something. Clearly this thing just took a while to do what it wanted to do. I mean, with the camera. And I wonder how long is it gonna do this phase? Is it gonna just sit here on this phase for a while? Or is it gonna move on? I'm sorry for the flickering on the screen. You really can't see that in real life. And it's not even a CRT, like this thing, this thing is thin. I mean, it's thin for the time that it came out. I mean, it's not really thin to today's standards, but it's not a CRT, but it is still stuck on that screen. So I don't know. No one's secretly watching in that camera, right? I mean, I don't have it plugged into the internet. So yeah. I'm also really curious about these because I know that they have, most of them had an airport card. So maybe we can get this thing on the internet as it would really be hard to run an ethernet cable all the way over to my desk. As I'm just starting this series, so I don't have any ethernet cables installed. Oh, okay, the swirly thing on the bottom just disappeared. And we have a mouse. We have a cursor on the screen. Okay, so something's happening. The computer is booting. Oh, and here comes the spinning again. Well, just in case it wants a keyboard, I'll grab a keyboard, got the keyboard, get it plugged in, keep an eye on that. Oh, looks like it's actually on the other side. It's not over on the left side. These ports are on the right side. The keyboard is now plugged in if you look there. And I have the Apple mouse. I'll see you guys might see that there's an iMac G4 over there, that's where I stole the keyboard from. But this is the computer we're working on today. Still loading. So we had a cursor for a very short amount of time. Not seeing anything right now though. Nothing's showing up on the screen. Think I'm gonna do a time-lapse because I have to go for a bit. So I'm gonna start a time-lapse. Oh, wait, it disappeared, okay. Can I move the cursor? Oh, I can move the cursor. All right, you're gonna boot. I've never seen a computer that takes this long to do anything. That's real funny. All right, I don't see anything. So I'm thinking the hard drive might have issues. But yeah, there's nothing showing up. Yeah, there's nothing there. There's nothing showing up on the screen. Nothing yet. I wonder, is this like normal? I've never used a Power Mac. I've never used, not a Power Mac, but this is an iMac. I've never used an iMac G5 before. I've used a Power Mac G5, but not an iMac G5. Do they normally take this long to boot up? I mean, this thing is newer than the G4. And the G4 doesn't even take this long to boot up. Can I do anything, buddy? Can I do anything? Apparently it doesn't wanna do anything. All right, well, I'll be back. I'm gonna let this thing run, see if it does anything. See you guys in a bit. All right, everyone.  I didn't have the camera on at the time, but it was still stuck at that same blue screen. So I think what I'm gonna do this time is I'm gonna do this, but I'm also gonna hold down the option key. All right, so I'm holding down option. See what boot volumes show up. So here comes the long boot up process. I'm gonna hold down the option key. I noticed it seems like, oh, all right. There go the fans. They're quite loud, but looking, I don't see any devices showing up. So that worries me. Now, there's one thing that I'm concerned of. If I put this leopard disc in there, will I be able to get it back out? As I do know that some of these are DVD-Di breaks, but you know what, I think it's worth it. So let's do that. Actually, didn't even need to an actual drive. So I think this is the drive that it was originally booting from. And I think that's why it took so long before, if I zoom in, you guys can see there, that there's a drive called my computer. Here, if I zoom in there, now it's focused. So I think that's the one that it was originally trying to boot from. So I'm not gonna put any disc in there yet. I think it's worth another go. So let's do that. All right, so it's in there, except the fans are very loud. So let's see if it does anything this time and actually boots, because that'd be really nice if it did. And if not, I think we will end up actually putting the disc in there, but that's why it's always good to wait because sometimes things like that will happen or you find the disc. And we already knew there was something on there as you saw from last time, but I didn't know if there were multiple volumes. Maybe they had a partition on it or something. But, well, now we wait for this to boot up. But in the meantime, I hope you guys are enjoying this video so far. I really wanna do a bit more of these. It's kind of fun just doing a little bit of a restoration video, so I might do more of these. They take a while to film, but it's kind of fun making them. All right, nothing yet. I haven't seen anything yet. I have a question. Is there such thing as recovery mode on a PowerMax system? Can I boot this thing into recovery mode? Cause if I could boot this thing into recovery mode, that maybe I could like reinstall the operating system from that without having to put anything in the DVD drive? Is that a thing? I don't know. Probably not. Still waiting. Still going. So I have a thing, okay, I'm having the idea that this either the hard drive in here is bad or just the operating system in here is bad. Cause it hasn't booted yet, which is kind of concerning. So I think, well, do I dare even put the disk in there? I do have a plan B, so all right.  Cause nothing has happened yet. And I'm guessing it's just gonna go into what it did before. So knowing these machines here, they're supposed to be very easy to take apart. If we could take this thing apart and go on the inside, maybe we could do something with it. But, oh my goodness. So this thing was clearly doing something cause it is warm. It was clearly doing something. So, all right. So I think what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna pull down the options option button again. See what I can do. We'll try booting from it again.  Cause I don't remember hearing the hard drive the first time after I went to that blue screen. It was just kinda hung. But this time the hard drive continued to spin. So I'm wondering if this thing is actually doing something when I go on the option menu. All right, well, there's a loud noise. All right, everyone. So after a lot of debating, I think I might put the disk in there. The only thing I'm worried of is if this gets stuck in there, I don't know how to get it out. Hopefully Google could help me, but if this disk here gets stuck, that'll be very bad. So, here goes nothing. All right, it took the disks in there. The disks in there. All right. I really hope I can get this thing to boot from that disk. So that was my plan B because it didn't actually boot to the original hard drive. So I think it's worth us just booting from the disk, seeing it. Otherwise I can take the iMac over here, the iMac G4, and I have a firewire cable so I can put this guy into target disk mode. And if I put this guy into target disk mode, I can find everything on there and I could like do something to make it work. I don't know. This is the first demonstration I've ever done, but I do know after watching a few videos that there's such thing as target disk mode. Please work, please show up. I'm really, oh good. Mac OSX install DVD. I'm going to select this one there. It's not weird for that to boot. Now, if this one decides to boot, I hope it does. So I just have to wait for it to let me select it as it's loading right now, as you can see. Zoom in there. Is this just called the boot picker? Is that what they call that? I think it's called the boot picker. Oh good. Well, I'm going to boot from the install DVD. So let's click there. All right. I'm now booting from DVD. Let's go, let's go. Please work, please work, please work. Please work, please work, please work. All right, so if this doesn't work, I'm going to be very concerned. That might mean we have to open it up and actually fix the device, which I'm fine doing, except I do know that these ones have capacitor problems. I don't know how to put capacitors on a motherboard. I've never done that before and I really won't want to break this machine. So now we just wait and see if it decides to boot. And I really hope it roots, because if it doesn't boot, then my disc might be stuck in there. And I don't want that to happen. So please work, please work. I'm at G5. All right, it's still loading, but the CD is doing something. Oh good, the fans turned down. That means we're getting closer. It should do something, yes. All right, load up leopard. All right, now load up, yes. This is the farthest we've gotten so far. Yay, all right. So the CDs, the DVD technically is in there. So now we're going to go, all right. So I want up here, I'm going to go to utilities and I'm going to go to disc utility. Now, I want to see if there's anything on here. I don't want to have to wipe the hard drive, but if there's enough room on there, maybe I can partition it and like put this on a separate partition. If that would work, that'd be amazing. All right, so I put the camera a bit closer to the computer so you guys can see. All right, so we have 120, oh, so it looks like this here. If we go to the partition map, how big is this drive? Okay, it doesn't say anything. There's two partitions, can we do that? Well, then we're going to wipe the drive and I don't want to have to wipe the drive. All right, so this is the CD there. I'm not going to erase the CD because that'd be very bad. But looking here, I don't see anything. Do they have a thing that you can actually check what's on the drive? Does that work? Probably not. All right, I'm going to verify this drive and check and see if there's anything on there. So looking at it, it doesn't seem like anything's showing up. So if I go into partition, yeah, there's nothing, there's nothing there. I don't really want to partition it, but I'm going to make a quick phone call and then I'll be right back. All right, so I made the phone call and it was to the original owner of this machine and he said it's fine if I wipe it, there's nothing on there that they need anymore. So I'm just going to close that disc utility and we're just going to install Leopard. I know this thing can run Leopard since it's a G5. So we'll go here. Where do you want to install Mac OS 10? So it's going to look for all the discs. Hopefully it'll decide. And I hope that drive shows up. If not, we might have a drive failure, which is okay. I can probably put a new hard drive in here. I just have to find a spare hard drive that's not being used. So all right, so it's looking for discs and I really hope it'll find the hard drive. So it's looking, looking for the drive. And this thing is getting toasty, like an oven. And that's, I think I know why that's the reason why they switched to Intel processors is because PowerPC CPUs ran hot and they used a lot of power except the only problem is, oh, it didn't find anything. Also PowerPC Intel CPUs not also get hot. They don't use as much power. So where are you going to go, Apple? All right, so I'm, so the drive is already booted up. I'm just going to go here. I'm going to go to disc utility. Oh, the sound of DVDs. You don't hear that anymore.  All right, so if I go to partition, my computer is using up the entire thing. I, this is actually showing up now, but I don't know if we do anything with it or do we kind of like partition the drive? Available space, so available space, size. All right, so if we partition this into two, so it says there's nothing on my computer. So I think they might have actually wiped it, which is funny. So if I can now go and close out of this and I go to here and I don't see any discs though. So that's the problem.  So maybe this will like wipe the cache so that the drive will show up, please show up. No, there's no drive showing up. All right, so maybe what I end up doing is just wiping the drive. So if I go up to utilities and we go to disc utility, you open that up, I'll go here and I'm just going to say, yeah, let's just erase it. I don't think there's anything we need to do there. I'm just going to name this Mac HD and I'll erase it. All right, there goes nothing. Yes. So you're going to replace my computer with this and then maybe the installer will let us do something. All right, so now it says Mac HD. We're going to go close out, go there, I agree. I agree. And there, Mac HD shows up. So let's look here, install Mac OS, of course. I click okay. Now let's customize the installation. Let's see what fun things we can get. I only speak English so we don't need that. Additional drivers, I guess that'll help. And excellent, then let's just throw it on there for fun. All right, so now we're only going to need my 9.5 gigabytes, so let's install. Woo-hoo. All right, it took us, we finally got to the part where we get to install it and don't worry about and checking the DVD, I've used it yesterday. So now it comes the long part. We now have to wait for it to install it. Now, depending on how fast the DVD drive is, it could take five minutes to two hours. I had a computer when I installed Leopard on it. It was actually one of the G4 computers. It took an hour and a half just to install Mac OS Leopard. So it says time remaining calculating. So this is exciting. We actually got somewhere, the computer, so we wiped the hard drive and now we are installing Mac OS Leopard on here. If we get a clean installation, that'd be amazing. If we can actually get this computer to boot, it would also be amazing. So the drive is wiped and it just says, let's check, installing Mac OS X on the volume Mac HD. So I'm still kind of wondering why it wouldn't let us install unless we wiped the drive. I wonder if it like, maybe that was the entire problem. Maybe that just the, maybe just the drive was, maybe the drive was just corrupted or something and it couldn't load anything. So I'm gonna do a time lapse of this installing. Be right back. Just to the zero minute mark, it's gonna be really exciting to see this computer work. It's really, I probably have been waiting here for probably an hour. It said like 40 minutes, no, it's been close to an hour the amount of time that this thing has been doing. But at least it's almost done. And let me tell you, this thing is getting toasty. Like I put my hand on here. It's hotter than like new computers, but it'll be exciting to get this guy up and running.  They launched a new iMac. It looks exactly like this. Like it has the white bezels, except they're definitely a lot thinner. I mean, but the new one doesn't even have this Apple logo on it. It's just blank, but it is a white Apple logo. The new one does have a white Apple logo, which looks pretty cool. But we are still waiting for this thing to get done. And then I have quite a bit of software I'm gonna put on here. We have iLife, we got iWork, we got AppleWorks. I'm really excited to use this thing for things like an old version of Xcode we have. That'd be cool. But the hard drive on this thing isn't big. I'd probably use my Power Mac G5 more for that that I've shown in a lot of previous episodes. But like it says, two minutes remaining it's probably been about a minute since it said two minutes and it still says it. So it might take a while. Also, I don't know. Am I allowed to play the music from the Apple intro song? Like, is that copyrighted music or is that okay to play? Like, will I get a copyright strike for that? I hope I don't, because I really like that song for leopard. You know what? I'm just gonna play it. I don't make money on YouTube anyway. I don't have enough subscribers to get monetized yet. So even if they put advertisements, it's not my money so they can have it. So I'm just gonna put this on there so you guys can enjoy it. But it still says two minutes. It's already been about two minutes. So it looks like more waiting. All right, we made it to about a minute remaining. You can do it, G5. Now, I don't know what the specs on this computer are, but we'll figure that out once it's done with its installation. But all I know is that if you're wondering, this G4 will be in a video very soon, except it's already working. That G4 there I put the little eyesight camera on it. That one is a one gigahertz, 512 megabytes of RAM version. I do not know what this guy is yet, but it'll be nice to know. And I really just like this form factor. I think this was like, in my opinion, this is one of my favorite power PC Macs, mostly because one, it had the eyesight camera built in and it was like that all in one form factor, kind of like the original iMac, except I like this design even a bit more than the G4. And the only reason I say that is the G4 just takes up a bit more space. I mean, it's super cool how like you can move the monitor around, but this G5 even, I think this is where they got like the new iMac design, like newer iMacs have pretty much the same design. But I think this is my front of my, in the top five of my favorite G power PC computers. But I'm still waiting for that to get done. Installing Mac OS to the volume Mac HD, time remaining about a minute. Well, it should be done any minute now and look at that old Aqua theme. You don't see that anymore, it's doing it. Okay, so I just heard the drive start spinning up so I thought to record again. I think it's almost done. You can probably hear it. Also, while that's waiting, I noticed this thing has an airport card in it as there's a little Wi-Fi symbol so this thing must have airport so you can actually connect this thing to Wi-Fi which will be amazing. Come on, finish. It made it to the end, installation successful. Install, succeed. Restart, come on, you can do it, you can do it. All right, let's see if it actually decides to boot up this time or if it's just gonna say no drive could be found because this is gonna be the big thing. You remember how last time it took a while for it to find the drive to boot to? So I really hope it decides to boot to this one but just in case, I'm gonna hold down the option key so that it knows to boot to the right one. Here's the bomb. You're gonna boot to the right drive, buddy. Let's go, you can do it, you can do it, you can do it. Come on. Oh, okay, we have an apple. Is this the CD or DVD though? Is this gonna be the leopard install DVD? I hope not. It better be the hard drive. Yeah, this time it didn't actually, it didn't give us the error that there was no drive being found. So, did it work? Did the installation actually work? Well, it certainly is taking a while to load so maybe this is the hard drive, who knows? Okay, yeah, this is definitely the hard drive. You have a spinning beach ball. Here comes the intro. Amazing, I'm so happy that worked. Let's get set up. I love that song, it's definitely my favorite intro. Apple, bring those intro videos back. Back to transfer from, so. All right, so I am going to connect to the Wi-Fi here. Yeah, let's connect. Continue. I wonder if this will ever work. Oh my goodness, it actually worked. Okay, so I do have an Apple ID except the only problem is if you notice, this was the time when they had at Mac and at me. So this is around the mobile me time and when I tried this on my Power Mac G5, it didn't work. So I'm not gonna sign it. All right, shall I register? All right, I'm gonna turn off the camera for this. All right, we made it through the registration process. Let's see, where is this finally going to be used? Home business. And which best describes you well? I guess I'm kind of a video and film because I make YouTube videos and no, I don't want anything. Wait, okay, I'm just gonna check, I'm just gonna leave this box checked for fun. Well, actually, so I did put in my email. So password, what shall I make it? All right, do I have to have a password? Can I just make it so I don't have a password? Also, I know I've accidentally put an extra space there. So leave it like that, continue. Oh, you need a password. Okay, oh, that's funny, talking with Apple. Is that because people didn't know what the internet was back then? Just says talking with Apple. I don't think Apple's gonna talk back to you, buddy. You came out before 2010, so. I don't think Apple wants to chat anymore. This will actually be funny if it actually registers this computer under my name, even though this computer hasn't really been produced for probably about 10 years now if it made this computer in a long time. Actually, when did the iMac G5 come out? All right, well, it's still talking with Apple. So I wonder how long this registration is gonna take. It's kind of funny that it's still thinking it's gonna talk with Apple. I wonder if it would have done this if I never connected it to Wi-Fi. Oh good, sorry, I had to blur that out. It showed me, I don't wanna show my face yet on camera. All right, which picture works? I'll do the lot where that's my favorite one. All right, thank you. Let's get started. We have a Mac. The iMac G5, it's up and running. Oh, I like that wallpaper. To be honest, my favorite one is actually the Big Sur wallpaper, but that one's not bad. All right, ta-da, we actually have a machine up and running. Optional installs, ooh, Xcode tools, what is this? They have some extra software, we can install this. You'll be added through the necessary software. All right, what is this? Oh, iPod support, yes. What are the applications it gives me? Well, you really already have all of these, so maybe I do it. Is it worth it? You know what, I'm gonna install some of these. I mean, but a lot of these are already installed. I mean, if you look down here, like mail install, that's already installed, but you know what, I'm just gonna do it. And I guess the additional font is what I thought it was, printer drivers. Okay, well this mean it could work with my actual printer that I have right now. If you look at Packard printer drivers, well that's HP. So install, 1.8 gigabytes, how long will this take? I hope it doesn't take too long, no password, that's right. Well, it's certainly installing something. Oh, and here comes software update. There are softwares available for your computer. Software updates available from your computer. I live support. I'll be back once all these things are done installing, everyone. This is gonna take a little bit. Well, all right, everyone. Thanks for coming along this ride of fixing up these iMac G5. It's really nice to know it's up and running. But before we close off the video, I kinda wanna go through some of the applications that are on here. So all of these applications are pre-installed. I haven't installed anything yet. I do have iLife and iWork that I wanna get installed on here as well as some games. But probably something you guys have been wanting to know since the beginning are what are the specs of this thing? Well, here they are. This is a 1.9 gigahertz power PCG5 with 1.5 gigabytes of RAM. And it has the hard drive, which I have selected there. And this is a 2008 because it's running upward. So looking here, we have 1.9 gigahertz. Is this a core? Does how many cores are in this thing? Or is it a single core? Cause that'd be really cool if this was a... And the funny thing is this is actually, in that case, if it's 1.9 gigahertz, that means it's faster than my PowerMac G5. My PowerMac G5 is only 1.8 gigahertz and it has one core and one CPU. So that's actually really cool. That thing is even better. So there are no cards in here, but it does have an airport card. And that's how you're able to connect to wifi, which is really cool as well as memory. Wow, I could actually, theoretically, we could actually get this thing up to two gigabytes of RAM. I just don't have any DDR2 RAM lying around. But this is a decently good computer.  Oh, and there's an iDisk you can get. I don't, I don't think they have iDisk anymore. It's probably all iCloud. But I'll move the applications down here because that's how I was like using them. And I think probably most people would have used this computer as well as the iMac G4. First, I'm using front row. At least that's what I would use it for because of the small form factor. You could basically just set this on a TV standard table in your living room.  You could use front row. Cause I think front row is ahead of its time. I'm sad Apple got rid of it, but I guess they did introduce the Apple TV. But front row I thought was so cool. So we'll get out of front row. But for the most part, the experience on here is very quite speedy. I mean, everything opens and like one jump is how I measure the opening speed is by one jump. They have the Apple wallpapers. I really like this one, but I think for funny should we just do the Jaguar or Classic. Let's leave it on, this one, just to kind of make it know it's leopard. No, the only problem is you really can't use Safari in here. You're gonna have to use a new computer just to get any page to open, unless decidedly actually fixed it. But there is a website that I know that I can actually get stuff on for old PowerPC. But look at that. That's how it loads Apple's website. Wow, that's not too well. That's how it finished it. iMac, say hello. So that's kind of funny how it's like you're loading the original iMac with that kind of a design to the new iMac with that design. This isn't the original iMac, but it's the first one to have that kind of design iPad for a while. It certainly doesn't load it too well, but it sort of runs it. How does it do Google? How does Google.com? How does Google.com work? I love how it always gets it to HTTP and easy to be HTTP, yes. There we go. Zoom in on the screen there. So this is kind of funny how it's connected to Wi-Fi. It has everything it needs, just really hard for it to load up these new web pages. But that's where programs like 10, 4 Fox and Kamino come in as they can help you run old computers on the web. I do have a version of that. I might do a follow-up video on that, but I guess for now I can say thank you guys for watching the video. I hope you guys enjoyed it. This was my first official restoration making a video for it. So I hope you guys enjoyed it. Have a great rest of your day. Check out some of my other videos if you want to. And until then, have a great rest of your day and goodbye.


Well, on the agenda today is we will discuss on these particular subtopics. Cabin preparation by cabin crew, we will talk about duties under normal situations and operations and what exactly is normal. Well, protocols to be followed by the cabin crew, P take off as well as post take off, protocols to be followed by the cabin crew during the approach and the landing phase of the flight and protocols to be followed for turn around flights. Well, this is what is the agenda or the session objectives today. Friends, let's look at what exactly is the cabin crew duties during normal operations. So, what exactly is normal? Well, normal is something which is not abnormal. So, definitely normal situation means a situation wherein everything is going according to the standard operating procedures. There is no suspicions or there is rather no abnormality or no emergency situations. And that is the time when everything is according to the right way, how things are supposed to go. So, cabin crew duties during normal operations, we will divide it into three particular segments. Pre take off, post take off and also we will talk about turn around flights. Well, certain duties of the cabin crew pre-passenger boarding are, the senior cabin crew member is to conduct safety briefings. Now, we have understood that before going on a particular flight or the aircraft, cabin crew members are supposed to come together with their teams and they are supposed to discuss certain safety as well as service questions. These are known as pre-flight briefing. Board the aircraft once the briefing has got conducted. They have to go to the aircraft. They have to store their luggage at the designated areas which is for their luggage. And they need to make sure that they have carried out certain security and safety checks. They need to make sure that each and every cabin crew member on board the aircraft goes and checks their particular areas of responsibilities with regards to whether all the things are working in the right manner or not. They also have to check the toilets, the passenger seats. Make sure that under each passenger seat there is a light jacket. Make sure that the toilets are neat and clean, etc. They need to also carry out the galley check as well as the catering check. Now galley is known as the kitchen of the aircraft where all the food items are stored as well as the beverages are stored. So a cabin crew member is particularly designated or has a position for the galley. She needs to make sure that the catering is happening as per the number of passengers. Meals are carried as per the number of passengers on the aircraft. The beverages also carried accordingly so that there is no shortage of food for the passengers. Any suspicious objects has to be reported to the ground staff as soon as possible because any suspicious item can really create an emergency situation. Well, when passengers are boarding the aircraft that is a time when the crew has to have a bright smile on their face and let's look at what are their protocols and duties to be followed while the boarding is happening. Well, they need to inspect and monitor passenger boarding routes so they need to be very very vigilant as well as alert. They need to monitor boarding of the passengers so that no suspicious looking passenger enters the aircraft. Now, it is a duty of a cabin crew to make sure that each and every passenger that they are welcoming they need to really scan the passenger in terms of is he suspicious looking?  Is there anything suspicious about that passenger? So that's the place or that is the time when the crew has to be really vigilant and alert. Observe the passenger behavior, make sure, make noting of any kind of suspicious behavior and immediately report it to the in-flight manager. Systematic, methodological and predictable everybody who is entering the aircraft needs to make sure that they are regular passengers or rather there's nothing you know anything which is going against them. Ensure the passengers are advised of aircraft refuelling. Now, aircraft needs to definitely carry fuel whenever it's flying to a destination. Now it is important that the cabin crew make sure whenever the refuelling is happening in the aircraft passengers are supposed to remain seated in the aircraft at their designated seats. And also they need to keep sure that their mobile phones are on switched off or silent mode. They do not should not rather speak on the phones when the refuelling is happening as it can be detrimental. Assist the passengers on the boarding and the seating procedures. Any particular passenger coming on board the aircraft might require the help of a cabin crew to store the baggage or rather they might look confused as to where their seats are especially if there is a first time traveler on the aircraft. So a cabin crew's duty is to help them out. Give safety briefings to the passengers seated at the emergency exit row area. So whoever is sitting at the you know wing exit where in the they need to be briefed on how to open the exit in case of an evacuation or an emergency situation. So crew needs to brief all of those passengers. Close doors and arm the evacuation slides. It is very important that the crew knows how to close the doors of the aircraft properly and also arm the slides. Now we will talk about this in a little detail after you know a couple of modules wherein we'll ask you or rather tell you how a slide needs to be armed. So that in case it has to be open in an armed position the slides of the aircraft can go down. Let's talk about pre-takeoff. Now passengers have boarded. Crew are ready. Welcome them and make sure that they are seated. Now immediately after takeoff what happens? Let's look at that. So before taking off let's look at pre-takeoff. So what are the cabin crew duties? She needs to ensure that a safety demonstration is conducted. The senior most crew member of the flight will make the safety announcement wherein she will tell the passengers what are the safety requirements on board the aircraft and how the seat belt has to be tied, how the oxygen mask needs to be used in case of an emergency, how a life jacket needs to be used, etc. So this crew member is making this particular announcement and the other crew members will make sure that they are doing the demonstration for the passengers to follow. Carry out a cabin secure check. Ensure that the flight crew are advised that the cabin is secure for takeoff. The flight crew who is sitting inside the pilot's cabin that is known as the flight deck area they need to get a confirmation from the cabin crew that the cabin is secured, the passengers are secured, the galley, the kitchen, everything is secured for takeoff and they are ready for takeoff mode. Adjust the cabin lightening as appropriate. Now whatever may be the time of the day or night when the flight is there the cabin crew needs to make sure that the cabin lights are dimmed you know according to the situation outside. So whatever time of the day they need to make sure that the cabin lights are completely switched off or dimmed so that the passengers can have a proper look outside the window. Take up the crew stations according to their work position they need to take the crew station. Remain alert to any kind of hazardous situation. During the takeoff is the most crucial time for the pilot as well as the cabin crew. At that point of time the crew needs to be very vigilant and alert. Look at any kind of suspicious movement from the passenger side. Let's talk about post takeoff so the aircraft has taken off and now let's look at what the duties of a cabin crew are, what the protocols are after takeoff. Well they need to firstly remain seated after takeoff till the time the flight deck crew or the captains of the flight or the pilots of the flight signal them that it's safe for the crew to get up. The crew can get up but the passengers cannot get up till the time the switch off the seat belt sign is on they have to remain seated. Once that goes off they can move about. Ensure that the passengers remain seated till the time the seat belt sign is switched off. Make sure, rather prepare the cabin for the service that they will carry out. Now after takeoff is the time when food is served to the passengers and drinks are served to the passengers. So they will make sure that they are readying all the galley material and all the carts and everything ready for the service part. Now the cruising happens at 30,000 or 33,000 feet above the ground and when the cruise happens at that particular time the cabin crew are in the cabin serving the passengers because the aircraft is at a stable position. So you know during takeoff you really cannot serve during landing you cannot serve you have to serve the passenger when the flight is absolutely still and that is the time when food and beverage service is carried out. So friends let's look at what these protocols are whenever a flight attendant needs to enter inside the cockpit. Now whenever there is a person needing to enter into the cockpit one person from the flight crew which is the cabin crew needs to stand in front of the cockpit door so that no unauthorized person can enter into the cockpit and hijack the aircraft and another way in which they can really prevent such a case from happening is by drawing the curtains to make sure passengers cannot see the crew entering the flight deck as well as getting out of the flight deck. So that's the protocol that the crew needs to follow ensure that everything is in terms of the standard operating procedures. The next thing is she needs to carry out a general surveillance of toilets, galleys, flight deck and the cabin. Whenever the service finishes in the cabin the food, beverage, tea, coffee etc. The crew should generally take a walk into the cabin to make sure that there is no suspicious thing happening or if everything should happen according to the protocols. Checking the toilets, making sure that nobody is smoking inside the toilet making sure that the galley is neat and clean all of that are hygiene factors that she needs to ensure. Well the takeoff has happened, crew's level has happened the tea coffee and the food service has carried out now it's time for approach and landing and that is the time certain protocols need to be again followed. Let's look at them. So for protocols for approach and landing when a seat belt signs are illuminated advise the passengers that they need to sit down on their respective seats they now cannot use the lavatory and they cannot be standing so they have to sit down with their seat belts fastened. Carry out the cabin secure check as they did prior to take off so a crew member will walk around and make sure and also make an announcement that then seat belts need to be fastened and the seats need to be upright, the tray tables need to be closed all of these things need to be carried out as it had happened before take off. Ensure that the flight crew is advised that the cabin is secure just like before take off, even after take off and during the landing stage the flight deck crew that is the captain or the pilot needs to know that the cabin is secure, passengers are safe and also the galley is secure and crew are at their respective stations. Adjust the cabin lightening as appropriate so dim the cabin lights or even switch off the cabin lights.  Remain alert to any kind of hazardous situation so that is again a time before landing wherein you need to ensure that you're alert to any kind of suspicious movement from the passengers side. When you have landed at your particular destination and the disembarkation procedure will happen now now for disembarkation also there are certain protocols which a crew needs to follow. Let's look at what they are so protocols for disembarkation you need to remain seated and secure. Now what happens is generally when a flight lands at a particular destination immediately the passengers start getting up they open the overhead bins they start taking out their luggage etc. You need to ensure that announcement is made that passengers need to remain seated till the time the switch off button of seat belts is put off so they need to be seated that time. Ensure that they remain seated till the time the seat belt signs are turned off. Disarm the evacuation devices so the arms of the rather the doors or slides are armed so what you need to do is disarm the slides adjust the cabin lights as appropriate so before landing you had switched off the cabin lights now you need to turn them on. Ensure disembarkation equipment such as steps or aero bridge is aligned before you open the door of the cabin so it's very important that the front crew the main crew who is there in the front of the aircraft needs to ensure that either a stepladder or a aero bridge is there at the door before she even opens up the door. Monitor the disembarkation of passengers make sure you thank each and every passenger while they are disembarking conduct a security check and report in case of any kind of suspicious material left behind by a passenger to the ground staff and that's very important. Friends now there are certain flights which are turnaround flights now what are turnarounds flights? Flights which immediately have a halt for you know 20 minutes or 30 minutes maximum and then they turn around and go back to the destination where they started from. For example if you're going to Mumbai to Delhi there will be a turnaround flight from Delhi back to Mumbai and that is the time when it's called a turnaround flight wherein there is a stop for only refuelling and getting new passengers on board and going back to the particular destination. Now for turnaround flights it's important to make sure that refuelling will happen again ensuring that passengers are seated while the fueling is going on having the mobile phones on silent mode and sitting at their respective seats. When turnaround flight happens you need to ensure that the toilets are clean the water level is raised etc. So these are certain protocols for turnaround flights. Well friends that brings us to end of this particular segment of cabin crew duties in normal operations. Well we hope you have enjoyed listening to this particular segment. Keep watching more videos coming your way. Till then thank you.


Small interfering RNAs, CERNAs, and microRNAs, MIRNAs, are non-coding RNAs that play important roles in gene regulation. Both types of RNA have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents for treating various diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. However, they differ in several key aspects, including mechanism of action, physicochemical properties, delivery methods, and clinical applications. CERNAs are highly specific to a single mRNA target while MIRNAs have multiple targets. Additionally, CERNAs are more difficult to deliver than MIRNAs due to their larger size. Despite these differences, both CERNAs and MIRNAs show promise as therapeutic agents and are currently being tested in clinical trials. This article was authored by Jenny K. W. Lam, Michael Y. T. Chow, Yu Zhong, and others.


I'm Brooke Thieta Gawu. I'm from Ethiopia originally. I recently moved into Auckland, New Zealand. I'm deeply passionate about children education and I believe that our education system worldwide is not up to the challenge that our children are facing in this world. So I wanted to create something that makes learning a lifelong passion for children and young people. For me, education has to be holistic so that it will teach them how to not only survive in this work, but also thrive, so connect with people, connect with nature and really understanding ourselves so that they really reach their fullest potential. You know, one of the things that we've been doing is making sure our racing things that's not addressed by the school or curricula. So that could be from social emotional learning to bringing good character or spirituality into learning space. So right now I feel like it's a good opportunity, especially when the world of AI and lots of machine learning is coming in. Like how are we also developing child's spirit, child's emotional being or social interactions. This is my lifelong passion, really making learning not only fun and engaging, but really something that children and everyone wants to do for the passion of it.


You're using condoms so you told like a square would not have no understanding Okay, but a pin is gonna love you to death. Mm-hmm.  I was wondering because we are so clean Okay, like we keep our coochie wax, you know, we wear the best of the best We smell you use condoms with everybody everybody.  But yeah, so that's how I got with Kenny Mm-hmm.   Okay.  I had stuff already.   That's what I was wondering because you know, we are so clean Okay, like we keep our Gucci wax, you know, we wear the best of the best We smell you condoms with everybody everybody.  Like we ain't touching it all prostitutes do I mean real ones Okay, like some of them out there doing something strange for some change, but with your pimp you don't What use of condoms condoms, no But then that same pimp is also sleeping with his other holes, too And that's why I used to make sure on my wife laws And that's what you call them wife in laws wife in laws go to the clinic Okay, but it ain't like the pimp.  She didn't got what she wanted. She did testing. She didn't seen it. She didn't got it What am I staying here for? Have you ever seen where? Like I'm gonna give Kenny Ray that an example But and it may not ever happen to you but all the holes he had and say he was sleeping with all of them Do they ever get jealous of each other? They probably do but they better keep it to themselves and Kenny read out so Because he didn't play that jealousy stuff and me. I'm a different type of woman They were green like, you know, I was exposed to this. So, you know, I knew how this goes Like I just see my brothers with they women and how they got alone and they better not ask no questions or anything like that. So My man my mentality was always You know with this ism. So I think different than other people


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss approximations. Here we will learn how we use differentials to approximate values of certain quantities. Let y be equal to fx. Suppose del x is a small increment in x del y be increment in y corresponding to the increment in x that is we have del y is equal to f of x plus del x minus f of x. Then differential of x denoted by dx is defined by dx equal to del x and differential of y denoted by dy is defined by dy equal to f dash x dx or this could be written as dy is equal to dy by dx into del x. Also dy is a good approximation of del y when dx equal to del x is relatively small. We denote this by dy approximately equal to del y. So we note that the differential of the dependent variable that is the variable y is not equal to the increment of the variable that is dy is not equal to del y whereas differential of the independent variable that is x is equal to the increment of the variable that is dx is equal to del x. Let's try and find out the approximate value of the square root 26. For this let y be equal to square root x then we take x equal to 25 and del x equal to 1. We have del y is equal to square root x plus del x minus square root x that is this becomes equal to square root 25 plus 1 minus square root 25 that is we have del y is equal to square root 26 minus square root 25 is 5. So from here we get square root 26 is equal to del y plus 5. Now dy is approximately equal to del y and dy is given by dy upon dx into del x. We have y equal to square root x so from here we get dy by dx equal to 1 upon 2 square root x that is equal to 1 upon 2 square root 25 since x was equal to 25 and that becomes equal to 1 upon 2 into 5 that is 10. So we have dy upon dx is equal to 1 upon 10. Thus here we get dy is equal to 1 upon 10 into del x that is equal to 1 so we have dy is equal to 0.1 and we know dy is approximately equal to del y so from here we get root 26 is equal to del y or dy that is 0.1 plus 5 that is equal to 5.1 so we get square root 26 is equal to 5.1. So this is how we use differentials to find approximate values of certain quantities. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the concept of approximations.


Coming to you from San Jose, California, it's the queue. Here is your host Jeff Crick at the San Jose Convention Center behind demo 2014 in the fall but we're here at the primary data launcher Rambo launch party a lot of excitement people launching bikes launching skateboards launching all kinds of things launching hope no one gets decapitated well luckily we've got an EMT I saw him sitting over there and he looks bored so that's what we want good board EMT so I'm joining now by Eric Schoenfeld the executive producer demo thanks for stopping by yeah well thanks for being here we're having a great conference this is just day one we're bringing 40 companies launching new products across everything from wearables to Internet of Things enterprise smart data the work cloud you name it so demo has been around for a while 24 years 24 years and you guys are all over the place I was talking to Neil he just said he just went to Africa he had demo in Africa what kind of start-up action is going on in Africa we got demo Africa demo Brazil we have demo China as you can imagine you know entrepreneurship is really taking hold all across the world and nobody has a monopoly on good ideas in Africa in particular you're seeing a lot of leapfrogging technologies you're seeing a lot of mobile you know technologies and I think Silicon Valley is sort of a beacon for a lot of entrepreneurs we bring a lot of them here a lot of those African lions we call them you know we bring the Silicon Valley but people want to replicate what's so special about Silicon Valley for everywhere in the world in terms of entrepreneurship now what about the infrastructure because a big part of the Silicon Valley magic is a you've got the great schools like Sanford and Cal big game this week you know smart people come they stay it's nice climate you've got the infrastructure with the VCs and a lot of engineers that go from start-up to start-up and kind of a culture of startups are you seeing that started develop in some of these other areas everyone is every hub entrepreneurship hub is unique and it it takes advantage of its own unique strengths right so different cities different hubs have ties to different industries and then you see new startups that are forming to serve those those industries when when countries or or regions try to be too much like Silicon Valley they fail because you know Silicon Valley has grown over the past 40 50 years to be what it is today and you can't replicate that overnight but there are things that you can learn from Silicon Valley you can you can take sort of the mentorship networks you could take you know the way that you take innovation from the you know research institutions and and put them into into startups and all the things that we've learned about building teams and about you know going to market I think all that is replicable in other areas and we're seeing that here in demo we bring other entrepreneurs from across the world you know to Silicon Valley and what Silicon Valley doesn't have they don't have a monopoly on good ideas right right and what what has changed the most over the last couple years as you've done these demos you've seen all these startups there's some kind of big macro trends that you see not so much in the products for more kind of attitudes in the way these things get done well I think that you're seeing this explosion of startup activity at the seed level right the the amount of capital and effort that it takes to get a product to market has declined by an order of magnitude at least like you literally can take out three founders can take out their credit cards and for you know seventy five thousand dollars a hundred thousand dollars they can get a product out the door so you see a lot more products a lot more startups at that level but really now what we're trying to figure out is like okay well how do you how do you separate you know the signal from the noise and that's what we try to do here at demo you know which ones of those have a chance of you know going forward and becoming the next great company right who are some of your favorite who are some of your favorite you remember when they were just little demo startups that really that really excelled demo has a great history of companies everyone from sales force to ever know ways Tivo E trade and WebEx back in the day and you know we just keep keep trying to live up to that tradition primary data nobody else none of those guys had motorcycles jumping over things did they no no no they I don't not to my knowledge not your knowledge right so there was a blimp once there was a blimp yeah so the other cool thing is you got you know you get to interview a lot of luminaries right and you did a great job at the close of today interviewing Peter deal yes I thought very insightful very deep thinker really listen to your questions and really have some great things to say talk a little about him and some of the great entrepreneurs that have been successful that you know give guidance give insight give some some give back to the community really right so we have 40 founding companies that are launching the product here today so when I pick speaker I want to create the founder school people who create amazing companies and can pass on some of their experience to these founders every everyone thinks that when you're a founder that the end on be all is launching your product but that's just the first step in a long journey right and so bringing someone like Peter deal or you know we've had other founder schools with folks like Vinod Kosla Alan Kaye you know sort of you name it like the founder of Evernote who was also an alum tomorrow we're gonna have the founder of Indeka who sold this company for a billion dollars to Oracle right so you have success and you come back to demo as a community and we sort of pay that forward yeah the motorcycles are starting again it's gonna get really loud so Eric I'm gonna let you go I'm Jeff Rick we're at the on the Cube on the ground at the demo conference and the primary data launchorama and they're firing up the motorcycles thanks to stop my thank you for having me


Hi everyone. Thank you for joining the talk. I'm Kevin Wan. Actually, unfortunately, Ying is not able to travel here, so I will deliver the talk. So, just a little bit to introduce myself about my background. I actually was one of the earliest Kubernetes contributor and the maintainer from China in the early days back to 2015. And I'm recently working on the QBAGE project as well as the other two CNCF projects, which is called the volcano. It's a batch scheduler and also a KMATA for multi cluster management. And I'm also helping promoting cloud-native technologies, mainly in China, but also the other regions as well. I have been organizing several community events. And at Huawei cloud, I'm the leader of the cloud-native open-source team. You can find me on GitHub or Twitter. Okay. So, just a little bit background about the edge computing. So, we know that today the network is kind of more and more developed. There are a lot of people exploring the path to run their applications on the edge to achieve better latency and also like to deal with the offline autonomy and also like to help improve their data privacy sort of things. But there do have a lot of challenge. For example, the network is totally different with this in the data center network. It's actually over the internet between the central cloud to especially the edge. And the hardware, the underlying architecture is very, very different. In the data center, we got very typical servers with a kind of certain model of the types. But on the edge, there are more like ARM-based edge servers, for example, and there are a lot of more other architecture hardware. And also there are a lot of challenges to using like the GPU resources on the edge. So, the resources on the edge today, it's kind of still expensive compared to those in the data center. But how to deal with the requirement that people do want to run applications on the edge, that's why we built this QB edge project. So, just to give a very high level overview of the motivation. So, actually, QB edge is trying to bring Kubernetes as well as the cloud-native technologies to the edge computing scenario, focusing on the applications and also the resources and the data and the services collaboration between the cloud and edge. We know that in the cloud, in the data center today, we have very much mature services, a lot of capabilities we can use. But on the edge, it's kind of still in the starting stage. That's why we also bring this project with open source, donated to CNCF to make it really joint development in the community. So, just to also give an overview about this project journey. Actually, the QB edge project was started in 2018, one of the earliest open source project working on the edge computing, especially with cloud-native, with container technologies. And besides we're adding more and more features to this project, actually, we keep exploring a lot of kind of traditional use case, traditional industries to embarrass, to adopt cloud-native technology. So, that's kind of very interesting. For example, in 2020, we got a very large scale adoption in the highway in China. So, actually, in that time, it's already managing 100,000 edge servers, definitely with multiple clusters. But the total scale today is still very large. Yeah. And also, during the year of 2020, we added a lot of features and started some of the subprojects to help provide kind of more tailored features to different scenarios. And you can find that actually, we have a subproject called SEDNA to enhance the AI workload collaborating between edge and cloud. And we have the project mesh to deal with the data plan, communication between applications in different edge network. And also, we got a very interesting user to actually use Qwage in their vehicle to manage the applications, to kind of bring the smart carbon concept to actually make the vehicle able to do software layer OTA instead of firm layer OTA. Yeah. And also, we got a very interesting use case that actually some of the academic, the round container technology, container containerized services in their low-orbit satellite. You know, the satellite, it's a little bit different to the kind of typical age. It's moving very fast. It takes like, it has only like six to ten minute time window each time to get a stay online while the other other times offline. And also, we keep walking with the community to do the large scale scalability test and also the security auditing stuff. So currently, we support 100,000 age nodes inside the one cluster. So it's kind of extended the vanilla Kubernetes scalability, though the usage is a little bit different because with the age computing scenario, you don't need to expect all the nodes always online. Yeah. So just to give a brief overview of the architecture, how QBH make it happen, we know that actually Kubernetes is designed for data center, right? It requires at least one gigabyte to run a very simple Kubernetes cluster and also the network between the control plan and the node need to be very kind of stable, very low latency, right? And every time the node, the QBH let's start up, it need to wait for the connection with the API server basically. That's why we went to, went into the path that we decided to run actually the node component, the QBH on the edge. And with some of the lightweight optimization, we requested the, we reduced the memory consumption to down to like 70 megabytes to 80 megabytes. And we also bring the node level data persistency to make the node able to work when it's offline and able to recover without connection with the control plan. And the connection between the cloud core, basically the control plan and the edge core, the node part, it's actually kind of re-implemented this watch mechanism over WebSocket. So that enables the whole architecture survive over very bad quality network. And also for the IoT devices, actually we know that there are a lot of device talking with different IoT protocol, right? But people really want to decouple their application development with the protocol. That's why we also bring the device mapper layer to kind of provide an option to define all the device data with standard message. So your application is able to like access the device data, access the device data with the standard message. You don't need to integrate the device protocol. And a little bit into more details that how it's happening without changing the control plan. Actually, people still able to kind of get full Kubernetes experience on the on the cloud from the API server. Actually, what we did in the QB edge is that we hooked the step after the scheduler make decision and then the QB at the spin up containers. So in QB edge, actually, when a scheduler makes decision, it's the cloud core to fetch all the updates from the pod and find the the right node corresponding node to run that pod. And the pod will be sent to the basically the connection between the right the cloud core and the right edge core. And the edge core itself will persist the definition of the pod at the node level in the SQLite and then start the container. So with this, it enables the node to run like the vanilla pod. And also, even if the the connection is kind of broken, the cloud core is able to recover the pod from the local storage, basically the SQLite. So just to do some of the updates of this project recent last year, one of the things we have been working on is about we really improving the designer implementation to decouple the application development with the IoT devices, the live devices. Yeah, so the main idea is make actually the device as a service. So your application can really interact with the device just like you interacting with the Kubernetes service. Yeah, and for the DMI, the device management interface itself brings the more possibility to customize your device lifecycle management, especially to discover whether your kind of device support like OTA of your firm, for example, and also if you want to do some more at once, the usage like virtualizing your device, that's possible. The implementation is kind of or fall into the mapper implementation. Yeah, and then when your application run, it just communicate with the mapper to fetch the data. And what we are doing this year is actually we want to kind of provide more automated functionality for the data plan. So basically enables user to define rules to like tell the system to forward your device data to some of the backend, for example, time-based database. Yeah, and also we already provide some of the implementation according to the new device architecture as an example, and you are able to implement your own according to this reference implementation. For the Cnet working the data plan, basically, last year, actually, the EdgeMesh have kind of single point of failure, basically the EdgeMesh server. During the past releases, we refactored the whole architecture. So it's now kind of adaptive. It will automatically choose one of the EdgeMesh agent as a kind of the helper node to forward the control information. Yeah, and also you can find that actually there are kind of multiple layer concepts. The underlying underlying that actually if you are part of the kind of need to talk with another part across the different private network, we have the P2P layer to help you build tunnel between these two networks. And then starting from like the cluster API service name, it's actually the similar experience with vanilla Kubernetes. And also we have the node level DNS resolution. So it enables you to still provide service even when the Edge nodes are offline. Yeah, and for the AIC, as you know, Cetina is the project to help you simplify the AI workload collaboration between Cloud and Edge. We currently provide four modes of the inference and the learning. So especially in the recent release, we provide multi Edge inference. So that enables you to do more advanced inference. And for the learning, besides most of the people may know about federated learning, but besides that, with those running on Edge, the data collection is kind of sometimes very hard or takes a long time. So incremental learning and also the lifelong learning with knowledge base is very important and very useful in that case. Currently, Cetina project already provide support with the AI frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and the other ones. Yeah, so for this robotic sake, it's actually, there are a lot of discussion there. And the recent updates that they're going to be a new project to simplify the remote control of the robots. So this is just a proposal currently to explain the whole architecture. And we kind of want to achieve like the, for example, to people to customize the slider of sensitivity adjustment, and also to bring like the RTA RTC based remote view of the from the robot perspective, you can access the pull request address to take a look with more details. And another spec that I want to bring is that security is definitely very important in every open source project. So in the last year, we finished the third party security auditing with the West TIF. And also the ADA logics. So you can now find the full audit report with the QR code there. And also, QBH is one of the CNCF project already passed the SOSA verification, and it's now level four. And also, we integrated the fuzzing testing for this project to help automatically discover some of the potential security security issue. And also, in the last year, we provide them a threat model and the security protection document to help people understand when you're deploying QBH, what kind of thing you need to take care about, especially where can be kind of potential attack point, you need to especially add more kind of product to that. Yeah, you can also scan the QR code for more details. And also, for the community currently, we have our own security vulnerability management process. And we already deal with a lot of CVE issues. If you found any potential security issue, you can just refer to this process to report and keep track until it gets fixed. Yeah, I also want to introduce some of the case study. I think the most interesting thing in the QBH community is that it really brings a lot of industry to cloud native. So on the right, you can find that there are a lot of industries already using QBH in production grade, like the China Highway Electrallic Tolling System, as well as the Hong Kong-Zhu Hai-Makau Bridge, which is a bridge tunnel system. And we do have some of the adopters in the Europe to use QBH to manage the public transportation. And I think another very interesting thing worth mentioning is that a lot of these the case are come from the community. There are a lot of partner, a lot of vendor providing the commercial QBH solution to help their customer to build their own platform. So we think that's a very important kind of metric of healthy community. Yeah, and here I just want to dive a little bit more about the two of these case study. One is the low orbit satellite. So it's actually we know that currently there are a lot of commercial satellite running in a very low orbit. Right. And also, as I said, the satellite is moving very fast. It's kind of different with fixed location age. So network challenge can be even, even critical. And you got like eight to 10 times per day to have this satellite online and each time window only six to 10 minutes. And with the QBH, the academic is actually managing kind of the small AI model in the satellite to do some like easy inference, for example, to filter some of the picture, because the picture may just capture the cloud, right? The cloud doesn't contain anything. But the people may want to do some analysis for agriculture sort of things. And also, when once they get the meaningful picture stored in the satellite, when this when the satellite to come back online during the time window, it started transferring the picture back and the ground control center will run the large model AI model to do more accurate, more heavy load AI analysis. And also, actually, this enables the satellite to enables the user to kind of upgrade the applications on the satellite. We know that once you launch it, the satellite run into this orbit, it's kind of you are never able to touch it physically. So remote update is definitely another very important topic. And we also with the joint inference, it saved a lot of the bandwidth between the satellite on the and on the edge. So it saves the battery and it kind of extend the lifecycle of satellite providing service. Another use case is that we actually with Cubase to help adopt a cloud native technology on the offshore oil field. So for oil field, it's actually kind of more complicated scenario with for the security issue for also for the device management, there are a lot of kind of sensors need to clap the the data and they need have AI AI model to filter the data to analyze to analyze where there's any potential risk for this oil field. So with Cubase, it's quite easy to help people to manage the containerized applications and also to easy to deal with the camera stream, also with the data from the sensors. Yeah. All right. So I think that actually there are more of the use cases, but I won't go into much details. I just want to mention that or this achievement replies relies a lot of the community effort. So from this you can see actually we keep growing in the community to get more contributor involved. And also Huawei as one of the the starting company actually during the last year, we send more people working on this project, but the community grow even faster. So that's the exciting thing. And also today we have a lot of community partners as well as the end users, including the academics and research organizations. So in the slide you can find that there are hardware designer and IoT companies, the IT service providers as well as the telcos, the cloud service providers, and also the research and the research and the academics. So we think that also very important to have a kind of diverse community. All right, just a little bit more about the future of this project. So today, QBG is kind of not limited to a single repo or a single framework for the core part of the framework. Our goal is to make the more mature, more secure to support larger scale management between the cloud and the edge. But on top of that, as you know that there are kind of a lot of scenarios varies with with each other, we are going to have more like dedicated scenario based tool kit. For example, the Sedona is the one more likely focusing on the AI collaboration between cloud and edge. And we are going to have the IoT kit on top of the DMI interface, DMI framework to simplify the IoT application development. And also we are going to have the robotics kit, which is kind of more advanced. It takes use of the like the edge mesh, the Sedona and as well as the IoT kit. And we are kind of expecting to have more. So if any of you have any idea, please feel free to come discuss with us and let's make it happen in the community. And for the online, the idea is that actually, the first day the project get started, we support multiple architecture. So you can find out today like the x86 and the arm 32 and also the 64 are already supported. And this year we're going to provide official support risk of five hardware. And from the operating system level, actually last year, we also provide official support with Android. So quite interesting. And this year, we're going to provide support with the windows. And also, besides kind of the current managing nodes on the edge, we are exploring the path to provide the cluster management on the edge for some of the use case, they have kind of more resource on the edge. Yeah, and also, regarding the country, a lot of people joining the community, especially providing applications, providing their own platform distributions. This year, we're going to have the conformance testing for multiple layers to make sure users are able to choose kind of any of the hardware together with the platform distribution and to do the other with the kind of upper layer platform integrated. Yeah, that's all about the material I want to call the slogan from the CNCF website that let's work together to make our native ubiquitous. Thank you. Any questions? Yeah, I have my colleague in the back with very few t-shirts. So if anyone asks a question, you might get one. I guess there will be a question in some people's mind, like in order to contribute to this project, do we need like us to have our own specific hardware to help contribute? Because in general other projects, they have a more general platform that everyone can have. But Kubech, it could require some like distributed devices, although small, right? Is that required? That's a very good question. So let me repeat the question for online audiences. The question is, does Kubech require some specific hardware for the development? Actually, if you are working on the kind of platform, the framework layer of Kubech, the answer is no. So we also run tests with cloud servers to kind of mark the environment, and we use some of the other projects to kind of inject the network issue to kind of simulate the network between the cloud and age, but actually you don't need any special hardware to do the development. A little bit different thing is about the IoT part. If you do want to develop with some certain, for example, the sensors, you might need to have one of that. Otherwise, it's just the general hardware. Cool. Thank you. So my question is also hardware related. What kind of IoT hardware is supported like? What's Raspberry Pi? Yeah, yeah, just let me go back to this architecture page. So actually, in this page, you can find that there's a kind of age where it's actually a node. And these are kind of the leaf devices or IoT devices. For the node, I think the requirement is like, you need at least 100 megabytes for the operating system. 100 megabytes for Qwage, basically the age core and container runtime. If you use container D or CIO, it takes like 30 megabytes. And that's about it. And the CPU requirement is quite low. So you are able to run it on Raspberry Pi. Yeah. Thanks for the great talk. Just a question about this satellite use case. So how do you manage the software upgrades? Let's imagine that the satellite comes into the connection with the base station. There is an upgrade and it goes bad, right? And it takes all the six minutes where the satellite can be visible. And then basically, until the next time, you're going to have a broken satellite software or how is this managed? Yeah, for the, this is a very good question for the application upgrade. It actually takes time, right? It's like because the bandwidth between the satellite and the ground station is kind of limited. And they do have like two paths. One is for the control signals, like the checking whether this satellite is back online or not. And then another channel is kind of for the data exchange, especially for kind of sending the pictures back and that they also can send some of the data to the satellite. So currently the application upgrade, basically the container image downloading goes into that path. But it actually takes time to get the image fully downloaded. So the kind of the practice that is people try to avoid big upgrade of the container image, they can upgrade the little bit like the turning of the parameters and of some of the configs. Yeah, and also we know that the container image is layered. So if your diff is not that big, it don't take much time. Yeah. Okay, thank you.