In this module, we again talk about the batch culture kinetics. In previous modules, we talked about linear regression equation. We would called as the equation which we can utilize for the estimation of mu which we called as specific growth rate constant. But that equation was only applicable when the cells are unicellular. But as we know that when we have the mass culturing of the organism and then we can also have the chance to grow the unicellular in which we include yeast and bacteria. But we can also utilize the multicellular mostly filamentous fungi and different other cell suspension cultures. But mu as concern is only applied when the cells are unicellular. Each an individual cells have the tendency to divide and have the equal chance to interact with equal substrate independently. But in case of multicellular organisms, some cells are growing at one time while other are at rest same time. So, at the one time different cells are at different phases of their growth. Some are at log phase while others are at stationary phase. That is why we cannot calculate the mu properly in that case. So, as we say that dx over dt is equal to mu x and while dh the change in height divided by the change in time can be called as mu h. The growth only happen in a area so we can call as the d change in area dA over dt so that is equal to mu A. So, here the h is the total length and the A is the number of growing tape or change in the area of the colony. So, by using these equations we can easily calculate the mu. But in submerged fermentation of mycelial organism when we talk about the filamentous fungi that may grow as dispersal of hyphal fragments or as pellets. The growth of pellet will be exponential until the density of the result in the diffusion limitations. So, under such limitation when the central biomass of the pellet will not receive a supply of nutrient nor will potentially toxic secretions are the product diffused out. So, thus the effect of growth of the pellet only growth proceed from the outer shell of the biomass which is actively grown growing zone. So, you can see that if any fungus grow in a pellet so only that the tendency of the mycelia grow at the tip on the periphery of that. So, because that have the most chance of the nutrient supply but as concern the dose health that is present in the center of the colony they having some effect of their secretions they have not the equal chance of growth. So, growth only happen on the tip of we can say that the periphery of the colony. So, in this case we cannot properly have the linear growth pattern we can have the correct specific growth rate constant. So, in this case we have to be an other equation derived by the part in this part give the solution of this here you can see that an equation that is the transform of that the previous equation in which you can see that ln x t is equal to ln x naught plus mu t but here you can see that m that is m naught is the mycelial mass at time naught and m t is basically the m mycelial mass at time t. So, if we take the under root cubic root of the mycelia and we plot against the time then we have a state line. So, in this case you can see that so, if we have time on x axis and m over 1 over 3 on y axis then we have a state line in this the slope of this that is the k. So, k is also equal to the mu which we called as specific growth rate constant in term of when we talk about fungal hypha at the mycelia and we know that the fungal hypha are mostly known as the mycelium. So, this equation can be used for the estimation of specific growth rate constant in term of fungal.


From DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com, I'm Darren Marlar, and this is your Daily Dose of Weird News. If you're already an official weirdo, please share this video on Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, and other social media to help get the word out. If you'd like to become an official weirdo, simply click that SUBSCRIBE button, and while you're at it, click that LIKE button to let the world know that you're a weirdo. A new rule would ban most Americans from traveling to North Korea. Well, there goes this year's big vacation. McMennamans, a Northwest Brewery restaurant hotel chain, is holding a halfway to St. Patrick's Day celebration on September 16th. Um, why? Because you need another excuse to get drunk?  Don't you already have that covered? And our region news site makes readers answer questions to prove they understand the story before posting comments. Norwegian broadcaster NRK's website will present people who want to leave comments with a quiz that asks them about what the story is actually about. The creators of the quiz hope that asking people the questions will make sure that everybody in the comments actually understands the story. Well, forget the Norway news site, we need this for Facebook and Twitter. Scientists say they have found the brains on switch for burning fat. I'm assuming mine has the safety on. Soda consumption has dropped to a 31-year low. And I've got good money on it that Coke Zero Sugar ain't going to fix that. Age 72 is the new 30. Nope, not kidding, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Germany examined how the probability of dying at specific ages has changed over time. Four ancestors had the same odds of dying at the age of 30 as men today face at the age of 72. Following this logic then at my age of 48, I'm actually only 6 years old. So why do I have all these adult responsibilities if I'm only old enough to be in the first grade, huh? This is child abuse, Dagnabbit! The survey says the number of TVs per household in the United States has dropped from 2.6 to 2.3. How do you watch a third of a television? Krispy Kreme is going to start serving Reese's Peanut Butter Cup donuts. Because their other donuts apparently weren't unhealthy enough. When a little girl was scared of finding monsters in her new home, she knew just who to call the local police. Four-year-old Sydney Farrenbrook had just moved into a house in Longmont, Colorado two weeks ago when she started hearing spooky noises from around the building. While as a means of ensuring that her house was safe, she then called Officer David Bonday and asked if he would come over and help make sure that there weren't any monsters hiding under the furniture. Finally, they remembered that they were in Colorado and that the monsters were probably just potheds outside the house looking for a place to crash for a while. Michael Strahan missed a show last week because he lost a part of his pinky in an accident. So sipping tea will never be the same, poor guy. A German man caught speeding was also driving with a cockatoo on his shoulder. The man said his pet bird was bored at home and he wanted to take her for a ride. Did you not think first maybe just to buy the bird a mirror? President Trump is gearing up for a 17-day vacation at his golf resort in New Jersey. 17 days in Jersey? Why? A bet? World Market released their pumpkin spice coffee last week.  Apple announced its third quarter earnings last week and the numbers were positive to say the least. The company's quarterly revenue was $45.4 billion. It was noted that Apple could easily buy Walmart with that kind of profit. But it's Apple, meaning you'd never be in danger ever again of being hit with falling prices. The University of Washington study says that Asian Americans are viewed as being more American if they're overweight.  A man in Australia, Newcastle, has become an instant millionaire after finding a winning Lotto ticket while cleaning his car. The man had purchased the ticket at the start of last year but only discovered that he won when he went online and checked the numbers after finding the ticket at the bottom of an old shopping bag in his car. I told my wife this story in the hopes that she would run out and begin cleaning my car. She didn't fall for that. A man in China who was so dissatisfied with his haircut that he made daily deliveries of human feces to the barber shop that gave it to him. Apple poop slinger was apprehended after the shop's owner called police.  This, for pulling her girl's hair, can you imagine what she'd do if the kid got gum in her carpet? NASA is currently looking for someone with a secret security clearance to ensure that alien life or organic, constituent and biological contamination doesn't make its way back to Earth in a spaceship. I don't mean to be an armchair quarterback here, but shouldn't they have offered this to Sigourney Weaver before taking other applications? Floyd Mayweather is expecting to make more than $300 million from his fight with Connor McGregor. That would break down to more than $8 million per minute in the ring. 8 million per minute? Sign me up! Sure, I'd only last like three seconds, but still, that's almost $400,000, which would be more than enough to pay off all my debt, get me a new house and a car. Sure, I'd be in a coma the rest of my life, but I'd be living the dream. Police in Louisiana have arrested a man after finding two pounds of marijuana hidden in Honey Nut Cheerios and Captain Crunch cereal boxes in his car. He obviously thought he was in Colorado where marijuana is part of a complete breakfast. Some people say they get a real rush or even high from a good workout. The Power Plant gym in San Francisco is taking that concept to an entirely new level. It's the brainchild of Jim McAlpine who says his new gym will not only allow smoking pot during a workout, it will encourage it. The 46-year-old, along with former NFL star and marijuana advocate Ricky Williams, hopes the new gym shatters common pot stigmas, but also insists the facility will in no way be a stoner hangout, describing it instead as a premier gym. McAlpine then explains the advantages, saying if you use it right, cannabis takes the things you love and lets you love them more, with fitness that can help you get into the zone, into Eye of the Tiger mode. People will be able to buy and smoke weed at the gym while McAlpine himself is working a range of edibles designed specifically for pre- and post-workout. And while marijuana has been proven to reduce a person's reaction time, scientists also suggest it can raise a person's threshold for pain and be used to reduce inflammation. And if you do get hurt during your workout, you'll be too high and happy to care or think about suing. Elon Musk tested his mass transit system called the Hyperloop and was able to accelerate to 193 mph in only five seconds. Unfortunately, stopping took two and a half hours. According to The Hollywood Reporter, President Trump was considered for the role of the president in the 2015 TV movie Sharknado 3. The producers decided against it, though, because they thought that a Trump presidency in a movie about a tornado made up of sharks would be too unbelievable. The tornado has been forced to recall 120,000 new LEGO sets after a worker labeled pieces with the wrong shade of gray. The sets, including the extremely popular Star Wars, were supposed to contain dark gray LEGO bricks. Sadly, human error means light gray pieces were included instead from the plant in Denmark. It's a bigger deal than you think, and will likely cost LEGO around $1.5 million. With props to the famous toy maker, rather than disciplining the employee for the error, LEGO invested $60,000 on improving lighting and labeling at the factory. The 2015 mishap was revealed in LEGO's in-house staff magazine last week. And don't feel too bad, despite the unplanned expenditure, LEGO still enjoyed a record high revenue of over $4 billion last year. Chris Christie says that the fan he berated at a Cubs Brewers game in Milwaukee last Sunday is lucky I didn't dump the notch-shows I was holding on him or anything, which was an option. Christie adds that the incident will not deter him from attending baseball games in the future, which New Jersey is perfectly fine with, as it keeps him away from the office potentially doing more damage. The Florida man is claiming his dog shot his girlfriend while she was sleeping. The incident happened at the home of Brian Murphy and his girlfriend, Summer Miracle, in recent evening. Following a walk with Murphy, Diesel the dog ran into the bedroom where Miracle was sleeping. Murphy says he saw a flash and heard a loud bang. He thinks Diesel jumped on the nightstand where his gun was sitting and it went off. Miracle was shot in the leg but is expected to recover. In response, Florida legislators are working to pass a bill requiring a five-day waiting period on getting a hunting dog. According to Golf.com, the reason President Trump golfs so much is because he thinks the White House is a dump, which makes me wonder if the Donald has solid gold porta-potties on the golf course. That would be impressive. Want to own the Charlotte's Web Farm? A piece of Americana is up for sale in Maine. The farm on which E.B. White lived and used as a setting for Charlotte's Web is on the market and it can be yours for the low-low price of $3.7 million. Owners Mary and Robert Gallant say they are reluctantly selling the 44-acre farm in Brooklyn where they've lived for three decades. White bought the place with his wife Catherine in 1933 and lived there until his death in 1985. Aside from modest updates to the kitchen and flooring, the Gallants have mostly kept the place as it was when E.B. White lived there. If you decide to move in, you should be prepared for regular visitors from fans of White. In fact, Mary Gallant says the author would turn over in his grave if he knew how many people stop here. She then adds, but to me, that's absolutely wonderful that he is so alive to the world. New White House Chief of Staff John Kelly has reportedly called Attorney General Jeff Sessions to assure him that his job is safe. So in other words, you better get that resume updated, Jeff. The survey says young Instagrammers use the app 32 minutes a day. 32 minutes a day snapping selfies. Well, I guess future generations won't have any problem finding documentary evidence for why society collapsed. Walt Disney Studios is developing a reboot of the 1991 action-inventure movie The Rocketeer. The project in the early development stages is considered a sequel reboot, and in a modern-day twist will be headlined by a black female character. Yes, because the gender swap idea was so successful in Ghostbusters. 21% of U.S. broadband households use wellness, fitness or diet apps. I'm not saying those apps actually work for anybody, but people do have them. Less Virginia's governor, Jim Justice, is switching from being a Democrat to becoming a Republican. And no need to worry though, it won't really matter much, because both parties now have the same goal of destroying the country. 65-year-old Tom Wopat, the actor who played Luke Duke in the 1980s television show The Dukes of Hazard, is facing indecent assault and battery and drug charges. You see what happens now when you take the Confederate flag away from the Southern boys? They get all rowdy. Why can't the system just leave those Duke boys alone, huh? Some people are born to be wild. Others are born to mope. A study from the University of Michigan states, we have identified a blue marker that is linked to an increased risk of major depression. Brain scans reveal that people who react strongly to negative experiences have drastically lower levels of a brain molecule called neuropeptide Y. In response to negative words, says the study, the lower NPY group showed strong activation in the prefrontal cortex, which is involved with the processing of emotion, while subjects with higher NPY demonstrated a much smaller response. The researchers are hoping this discovery will lead to better treatments for people with severe depression. In the meantime, if you always see the glasses half empty, then grab it with gusto, drink a toast to your genes, and accept the fact that you are a born pessimist. Dunkin' Donuts is experimenting with a new name in California, calling itself just Dunkin'. It's a pretty good move, you know, with today's ever-decreasing attention span. In a decade from now, Dunkin' Donuts will just be named Dunk, and then eventually Duh. Trump aide Kellyanne Conway says the president's low approval rating is because people want to see progress on his agenda. Personally, I just think the low approval ratings are fake news. Former FBI Director James Comey has inked a book deal. Because of course he did. Five a day is not enough to add years to your life eat 10 daily servings of fruits and vegetables, say British researchers, who have found that packing our diet with everything from apples to zucchini lowers our risk of heart attack, stroke, cancer and early death. Ten a day is such a powerful recipe for good health and longevity that the team from Imperial College London estimates that if everyone around the globe did this, a staggering 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide would be avoided every year. To arrive at this conclusion, the Imperial College London scientists analyzed 95 previous research studies that included almost 2 million people. How much is 10 servings a day? Well, it's about 800 grams of produce. It translates to 10 small bananas or apples or 30 tablespoons of cooked spinach, peas, broccolis or cauliflower. Whoa, to 10 small bananas or apples per day. 10? Forget it, that ain't gonna happen. So I guess I'm dying prematurely. Nike re-released the Air Max shoes on Friday two decades after they were first unveiled. Man, two decades, I hope they use some odor-eaters and febries on those things. An Alabama-Islamic organization is asking for an investigation after a Muslim family sat in McDonald's purposely served them bacon. Yeah, it was done on purpose because McDonald's ultra-successful business model is based on offending as many people as possible. The number of U.S. wineries is now almost up to 10,000. If you spend a half hour watching the news, you'll know why Americans are drinking more. Shaquille O'Neal says he blames God for his bad free-throw shooting as a way of keeping him humble. Apparently, that didn't work. Humility is not blaming somebody else for your problems. The Chinese man claims his beer-drinking pet duck can understand him. The man takes his duck for a walk every day and claims it will sit or fly on command. He feeds the duck mainly peanuts, but also enjoys seafood and beer. It actually prefers to drink cold duck, but the man thought that was a bit inappropriate. Driverless bus services have been launched in Estonia. Now you get an unfeeling cold robot insisting on exact change. Hey, if you recently deposited a bag of cocaine along with your cash at an ATM machine in Bradenton, Florida, the police would like a word with you. A technician was called to check out a jammed ATM at a Suncoast Credit Union branch and he quickly discovered the cause, a small, clear baggie containing a white powdery substance. The technician concluded that the substance was possibly with the cash of the last person who made the deposit, causing the malfunction. Police got the name on the bank account of the last deposit made and are now looking for that person. The powdery substance tested positive for cocaine. Even if you have a safety deposit box at the banking institution, you can't make a deposit into it via the ATM. But then, if your brain wasn't on cocaine, you probably would have known that. Scientists say with the moon moving farther away, the last solar eclipse visible on Earth will be in 600 million years, so you better pay attention this August 21st. You don't know how many more you're going to get before they're gone forever.  Half of the candidates for mayor in the city of Detroit are convicted felons. This is outrageous! I mean, you expect that in Chicago, but in Michigan? According to a new study, cats may have more potential than dogs to sniff out bombs. Which may be true, but they just won't care enough to do it. So you think you can dance winner Joshua Allen has been sentenced to a year in jail on domestic violence charges? Just wait until his fellow inmates find out his claim to fame as being a dancer. A new CNN poll finds that only 24% of those surveyed trust the information coming out of the White House. But then that news came from CNN, so it might not be accurate at all. In Tucson, Arizona, Little Caesars Pizza is experimenting with a pizza vending machine called a pizza portal. When you would walk into their store, pick out a pizza and have it served up by the machine, never talking with a human. It's a pizza created by the caring, loving hands of a terminator. The survey says millennials would rather save money for travel or retirement than buy clothes. So they might be better off financially at retirement age, but they'll be naked. Did you know GM is already selling a $5,000 electric car in China? China purchases 40% of the electric cars produced in the world. Not only does cheap stuff get made in China, it gets sent there too, apparently.  Two Chinese tourists were arrested in Berlin after police spotted them taking pictures of each other giving the Hitler salute outside the Reichstag. This is pretty serious stuff thanks to a post-1945 law that makes flags, insignia, uniforms, slogans and forms of greeting of unconstitutional organizations, like the Nazis, very illegal.  Or a day trip to Auschwitz, whichever they prefer. A Minnesota man is facing his ninth DWI-related charge after he allegedly was caught driving a lawnmower while intoxicated. Well, yeah, but haven't yard work and beer always gone together? A study says five new brain disorders have been created by digital obsession. Well, I'm sorry to make that six. Now there's a disorder for looking for disorders. Four Dallas police officers who responded to a noise complaint Saturday night ended up dancing at the wedding that was causing the noise. In a video shared on social media, the officers can be seen dancing with bridesmaids, the bride and other attendants. Plus, the bride got her something blue. It had been over two weeks since anyone had heard from Jamie Tull. As because the 33-year-old former kindergarten teacher crashed her car in a ditch in rural central California on July 17th. Rescuers found her emaciated, dehydrated and severely sunburned. They called it a miracle that they had even spotted her lying in a field two weeks to walk.  Rescuer Robert Carpenter said, �Anyone who could survive out here for 17 days is an amazing gal to me.� Friends and family had been searching for Tull at a desolate cattle ranching area near La Grande since her car was found in a ditch. Searchers were set to scale back the effort when they spotted her less than a mile from the crash site in tall grass. Lynn Garber was one of the searchers who found Tull and says Tull told them she had been praying throughout her ordeal and was glad to be found. However, Mercedcaddy Sheriff Vern Warke tells things a little bit differently, saying Tull asked for food and water, but then told searchers to leave her. �She hunkered down. She didn't want to be found,� says Warke. Tull's family told reporters she suffers from bipolar disorder but stopped taking her medication at the urging of a pastor and his wife who associated the pills with demons. She is recovering at a burn unit at a Fresno hospital. OK, word of advice here, from a born-again Christian which I am, if your pastor tells you that you're taking medication and it's associated with demons, you need to find a different church. The people in charge of the rules of golf made some sweeping changes to the game recently, hoping to make it more appealing to the masses.  And instead of yelling �four� you're also now allowed to yell �INCOMING!� L'Oreal is predicting that soon there will be male cosmetic counters popping up in stores. OK, that's it, I'm starting a GoFundMe campaign to raise enough money to buy an island so I can get away from these creeps. Donors to the campaign, you get to come with me. 57% of American adults and a whopping 73% of young people ages 12 to 17 use Facebook. And most of us visit the site at least once a day. Half of all adult Facebook users have more than 200 friends in their network, but only 15% have more than 500 friends. 12% of Facebook users say that somebody else has asked them to �unfriend� a person in their network, and younger users are more likely to have experienced this than older users, while 44% of Facebook users like their friends' content and comment on photos at least once a day. Only 10% change or update their own status on Facebook daily. 25% say they never change or update their Facebook status. If you'd like to read all of that for yourself, I'll post it to Facebook. YouTube gets 4.1 million views every minute. Which I'm not seeing any of, Dagnabbit, somebody watch my videos, youtube.com slash Marlar House. The tensions between the U.S. and North Korea took an apocalyptic turn on Tuesday as President Trump vowed to unleash fire and fury like the world has never seen if Pyongyang continues its threats against America. So just in case we are no longer here on the planet Earth tomorrow, let me say what a pleasure it has been so far to entertain you. David Letterman, who stepped down following a 33-year run as late-night TV host in 2015, has signed on with Netflix to host an interview series. Of his return to work, Letterman says, Here's what I've learned. If you retire to spend more time with your family, check with your family first. India is having a tomato shortage. French fries still only cost you $0.99, but if you want ketchup, they're $24.99. After dealing with the next karate kid and an attempted reboot to the karate kid, now an actual karate kid sequel starring Ralph Macchio is officially in the works. I just can't see a middle-aged Daniel Sun being all that intimidating. A professor at the University of Georgia is letting students fit their own grade to reduce stress. Where were these people when I was growing up? You may be able to chew gum and walk at the same time, but don't try to text and walk. Distracted walking results in more injuries per mile than does distracted driving according to a Buffalo, New York emergency room physician. Consequences of texting while walking include bumping into walls, falling downstairs, tripping over clutter or stepping into traffic. The issue is so common that in London, bumpers were placed onto light posts along a frequented avenue to prevent people from slamming into them. When texting, you're not as in control with the complex actions of walking, said Dr. Dietrich Zell, a professor of emergency medicine at the University of Buffalo. While talking on the phone is a distraction, texting is much more dangerous because you can't see the path in front of you. Though injuries from car accidents involving texting are often more severe, physical harm resulting from texting and walking occurs more frequently. Tens of thousands of pedestrians are treated annually in emergency rooms nationwide, and Zell believes as many as 10% of those visits result from accidents involving cell phones. Perhaps the anti-gum lobby, maybe they should go after cell phones instead. Sounds like they're more dangerous. Al Gore's new film and inconvenient sequel had a poor box-office opening, finishing in 15th place. Then again, think of all the electricity they saved by not having to fire up those projectors. Anthony Scaramucci, who recently spent 10 days as White House Communications Director, has topped a list of the 50 least powerful people in the world. The list was compiled by the website 247 Wall Street and focuses on well-known individuals who've recently experienced a precipitous loss in stature. Placing number two on the list was outgoing New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, former FBI Director James Comey was third, Tiger Woods came in at number five, and Kendall Jenner was sixth. Toilet paper featuring Donald Trump's tweets at 12 bucks a roll have sold out on Amazon. Got the toots? Wipe with the tweets. Two gurneys fell out of the back of the coroner's van and into traffic in Olympia, Washington. One of the gurneys had a body on it and was found in the middle of the intersection, while the second gurney rolled down the street and was found in a parking lot. Are we sure somebody just wasn't filming a sequel to Weekend at Burnies? Sharknado 5 is on the sci-fi channel this month. I set up my DVR to avoid it. In France, a man was on trial for burglary and the case was winding down. Just before the judge was about to hand down his sentence, the accused got up, pushed the prosecutor down, punched a police officer and ran. Because of the confusion, he had a pretty good head start. Too bad one of his shoelaces came undone because that's what brought him down and allowed a security guard to catch him. See, that's why a criminal's best friend is Velcro. A report says Euthanasia is becoming common in the Netherlands, accounting for 4.5% of all deaths. This is horrifying.  Irish singer Sinead O'Connor posted a desperate Facebook video the other day asking for help, which is news because she only does that on days that end in Y. The mayor of New York City wants to tax the wealthy to finance much-deeded repairs to the subway. New York's millionaires all have the same question about the proposal. What's a subway? Fewer teens have an interest in driving and whose study says the share of high school seniors across the country who have a driver's license dropped from 85.3% in 1996 to a record low 71.5% in 2015. With Uber and Lyft already here and self-driving cars on the way, I can see the point. Honestly, fewer high schoolers behind the wheel makes me feel a whole heck of a lot safer on the roads already. With an average temperature of 107.39 degrees in July, Death Valley has set the record for hottest month at a single location in U.S. history. That number is an average of all the high and low temperatures, of which the average daily temperature was 119.6 degrees. Well, yeah, but it was a dry heat. Hyru Nakajima, the actor who stomped in a rubber suit to portray the original 1954 Godzilla, has died. He was 88.  American Airlines says 10 people on a flight from Greece to Philadelphia were injured Saturday when it briefly encountered severe turbulence shortly before landing. And another couple of passengers got roughed up by airplane employees when they complained about the turbulence. Scientists have found a way to grow human tissue on apples. Be looking for greeting cards saying, You're the apple of my earlobe. A former chef for Queen Elizabeth II says she has four drinks every day. So she's more like us than we thought. Three servers were fired from the Sunset Tower Hotel's Starry Tower bar on Monday after a photo of Robert Pattinson having dinner with Katy Perry was leaked. Leaked, they were having dinner at a restaurant. It's not like they could experience privacy there. Everybody would see them. Plus, what about the free publicity?  They were doing you a favor. In Avaline, Texas, a 20-year-old man was armed with a gun at his apartment complex. He argued with his roommate, then tied him up and demanded money. The robber fell asleep, and the roommate managed to get free around 4am and call police. The robbery suspect was still asleep when police arrived. It has long been known that when you skimp on sleep, you're far more likely to overeat, make poor food choices and gain weight. But why is that? Researchers from the University of Chicago Medical Center have figured it out. The short answer is, too little sleep gives you the munchies. The long answer is, sleep loss amplifies and extends blood levels of a chemical signal that enhances the joy of eating, particularly the guilty pleasures gained from sweet or salty, high-fat snack foods. So long or short, pepperoni pizza is tasty. Malia Obama lost her iPhone at Lollapalooza in Chicago over the weekend. So I guess we know who the next leaked photos scandal will be focused on. The island of Guam is experiencing a high level of anxiety over North Korea's threat to hit it with a nuclear missile. But on the bright side, hotel prices are now a real bargain. A bakery in California is refusing to make a pro-Trump birthday cake for a 9-year-old boy. Oh, wait a minute here. So it's not okay to refuse to make a cake for religious reasons, but it is okay to refuse to make a cake for political reasons? Did I get that right? Kira Sedgwick recently found out that her husband, a 29-years-Kevin Bacon, is a distant cousin. Awkward. Researchers say that co-workers who hug get along better and are more productive.  The government will relax its rules that protect the endangered sage grouse. Finally, sage grouse. It's what's for dinner. McDonald's is planning on doubling the number of restaurants they have in China. So now they'll have four. The house that was featured as the setting for the Beverly Hillbillies is up for sale, and has the most expensive real-estate price tag in the country, $350 million. It's in the Bel Air area near Beverly Hills, but it comes with its own cement pond. That's pretty cool. A study says the hearing rate loss may double in the U.S. by the year 2060. For those of you already having trouble hearing, a study says the hearing rate loss may double in the U.S. by the year 2060. South Korea has introduced the first tax on robots, out of concern that they're going to put people out of jobs. So be looking for the robot uprising and retaliation of taxation without representation. In Southern California, 42-year-old Andrew David Jensen made one bonehead mistake while allegedly robbing a home. He went to the bathroom, number two, and didn't flush. That left a nice pile of DNA evidence for police that led to his arrest. The DNA profile put together by investigators matched another profile in a national database, and detectives tracked Jensen down at his home in Ventura. So let this be a lesson to you parents. If you don't teach your children to flush and they choose crime as a career, they might incriminate themselves when they poo-poo. NBC's Comedy Streaming Service CISO made its debut in January, but it will be shut down before the end of this year. If you're a fan of NBC's Comedy Streaming Service, you're probably the only one. Tuesday was election day for Kenyans, and while some citizens dealt with long lines and others protected themselves from rain and chilly weather, a woman gave birth and still voted. Shortly after the woman arrived at her polling place, she went into labor and with the assistance of bystanders gave birth to a baby girl. After a trip to a local health clinic, she returned and cast her ballot. She was inspired by people in Chicago who often vote as two people. Spike Lee is going to hold a rally at NFL headquarters to find Colin Kaepernick a job. How awful of a person must you be that Spike Lee has to come in and help you find a job? Maybe move out of the country to somewhere that hates America as much as you do. Look for a job there. What's for dinner? In Indiana, it was 22,000 pounds of frozen ravioli and jalapenos that went up in flames on an Indiana highway. Semi-driver said he saw smoke and hit the brakes. He stopped his truck, unhooked the trailer and said the fire started shortly after that. Uh-oh. Spaghetti-os. The longest personality study of all time suggests that over the course of a lifetime, just as your physical appearance changes and your cells are constantly replaced, your personality is also transformed beyond recognition. Meaning there might still be hope for that brat kid at the next table who ruined our romantic dinner at the restaurant the other night. New York is excited about the Spotted Cheetah, a pop-up restaurant from August 15th through the 17th that is completely Cheetos-driven, including perfectly fried green tomatoes, Cheetos mix-up, crusted chicken malonés, and Cheetos-Sweetos-crusted cheesecake. Ah, the power of cheese. In Fort Pierce, Florida, a woman bought a couch through a Facebook ad. As soon as she got home, she decided to call police because, along with the pillows and cushions, she found a greenish, leafy substance that officers later identified as marijuana. The buyer also told police as soon as she got home, she got a text message from the seller to call her as soon as possible. The seller said she left an item of value in the couch and wanted it back. When the buyer texted back that she was calling police, the seller began texting her using vulgar language and advised her she was stealing from her. Oddly enough, when police went to the seller's home and spoke with her, she suddenly did not want to file a report on the item that she'd left inside the couch or report a theft. In other words, it's my marijuana unless you're calling the police at which point I have no idea what marijuana even is. The city of Portland, Maine is looking at paying panhandlers $10.68 an hour if they're able to work. This makes perfect sense, they're already spending all of their waking moments looking for strangers to give them money, so working for the government is the next logical step. Today's Daily Dose of Weird News is brought to you by The Children's Audiobook, The Adventures of Mr. Teapot by Tatiana Matina, narrated by Darren Marlar. Hear a free sample and support Marlar House by downloading the audiobook for yourself at DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com. Be sure to like this video and subscribe to the channel if you want to see more. Be sure to click that notification bell too so you'll know when I post new videos. Find even more Weird News that I didn't have time for at DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com. I'm Darren Marlar and I'll see you next time, Weirdos.


So we're here in the Bay Area in San Francisco at the Third Annual Conference for the Social Capital Markets, also known as SOCAP 11, but more specifically right now we're here with Joel Solomon, which is a real treat. Joel is really one of the founding members of Creating the Space. He is the president of the Renewal Partners. He is the chair of the Board on Renewal to Investment Fund, and he's chair of the Board for the Tides Foundation. When an entrepreneur approaches you and somebody who is surrounded by this much capital and can place it as well, what's the one thing that would instantly be a turn off in that conversation where you would want to step back from that conversation with the entrepreneur? I'd have to focus more on what's the turn on and say that authenticity and depth of meaning and purpose and values is really what I'm looking for. I had a principle early on which is I only want to do business with friends or people that I might want to be friends with, at least in primary partnerships. That comes first and alongside values and what's really the life purpose and why is somebody trying to create something and what's their real motivation. And then after that become the conventional attributes of competence and ability to pull things off and can this be viable and does it make sense as an investment or all the parties matching up on features that they want. Leading with vulnerability is I would say the wisest thing to do when in doubt especially. So if you're nervous, say you're nervous or just attempt to do something real and remember that you're talking to a human being who is potentially feeling the same thing despite the assumption that because they're able to make decisions, they've been around a while at things, they're still human, they might have had a bad day, they might have a headache, they might be fretting about something they've got to deal with, who knows what's on their email, that kind of thing. So be human and understand that you're with a human. I think we learn most from failures often. If you have worked on so many organizations and invested in so many organizations. But for you personally, what has been one of your biggest failures as an entrepreneur pulling together these different communities and organizations and funds? Well, I can talk about financial failures, but I don't think that's quite as interesting. Perhaps my biggest failure has been taking so long to learn things that I do believe I could have learned sooner if I had addressed my inner work earlier. I would say to anyone that business can be learned and finance can be learned. What's harder are emotional and psychological and spiritual skills and it took me a long time to wake up from whatever my childhood challenges had been and to go and seek wise people and techniques and places that would help me really come to grips with what was going on inside me. So I think I waited, gave up some prime years and I'm just thankful that things happened in my life that got me to do it. Well I practiced, I got fixated on in my 30s, seek and ye shall find. And I don't remember why, I think I read it in a book or I heard it at some wise teacher talking. But what I interpret it from that is figure out your question, figure out what it is you're seeking and if you can clean that up and go deep into that and keep asking that question and asking that question and be and accept what you hear, it might tell you you're supposed to change something dramatically or you quit hanging out with those people or something like that but really find out what it is that your values are, what you care about and where you're trying to go. If it scares me I should go towards it and check it out. And so the creative arts along with the personal growth arts tend to be the scariest for people that are going to do business and conquer the world, their world, you know that kind of thing. And I think we most of all must take the clues and the hints that come up in our persona that tell us there's something we're backing away from probably means we ought to work on it a little bit. Joel, thank you so much. That was a real gift and a real pleasure. Yes, great questions. I look forward to the next one. Honored to be here.


So first of all if you have a question you don't want to wait at the end please treat it with such type and we'll try to get back to you after the talk. So let's jump straight into it. Before talking about the customizer I want to have a look at what we had before. So before we had theme options which were pages they used settings API to create like custom solution for managing the configuration and look in the field of your website and they can they could be like this this from the 2011 theme or if you have built custom theme options pages you might have come across the relax framework which is a frame that allows us to create more advanced theme options and as we can see here we have hundreds of options hidden away behind those tabs or under menus we have also like different CSS styling and this takes away the user from a creative experience in WordPress and it's really confusing. So some of these disadvantages of these theme options pages are the user can get confused by all these user interfaces settings are not updated in real time and this means that the user needed to change the settings save them then constantly switch back and forth between the front and the back and to see changes and this also means that if someone was browsing the site with the we were making those changes they will see these changes too so this is not ideal and for some changes they might need a developer. Because it's easy for us it doesn't mean that it's easy for customers as well to use theme options and so they might eventually give up and call you and then take time away from you from building features. So as of WordPress 3.4 which was back in June 2012 I think we have a new site editing experience. The customizer has been introduced to WordPress and so what is the customizer? The customizer is basically a single page application inside the WordPress install and this basically split into two different sections. On the left we can see the control spanner where all our settings lives and on the right we see the preview of the website. The great thing about the customizer is that we can edit our website in real time we can see what we're changing where we're changing it and also we don't need to switch back and forth to see these changes apply this means that we don't need to save them and the end user won't see them until we're happy with them and we publish them. So as we said we have the live preview. This also helps with the same surprise feeling so user might not know what they're changing but with the customizer we actually see what they're changing or that changes affecting on the website. So we can track schedule and publish changes. We have a consistent user interface and user experience because we can switch themes and our users don't need to relearn how to use their theme options and how to change their configuration. Now the cool thing is that we can add necessary options and we will see this later on. Basically we can show only what's relevant. So we need one F so too many tabs and the user will not get confused and get a pretty straightforward and easy to implement. And also if you didn't know that they are mandatory if you want to publish your theme on work so forth. And personally I think it's good for premium developers as well because they can use it as a selling point so they can provide their users with the free version within all theme options and a page and then say like look you've got the pro version which gives you this fantastic experience for editing your website. Okay so we've seen what the customizer is. Let's see how it's made out of. So the customizer uses the object oriented programming and this allows us to make it more flexible and extensible. You don't need to be familiar with the object oriented programming to use it but obviously the more you know the easier it will be for you to understand what's going on and how to extend it or to fix bugs in your product. So these components are panels, sections, controls and settings. They are each managed by a class and we also have our class which is the WP Customize Manager which is basically our wrapper on top of the other components and it allows us to easily extend the customizer. And as we can see here the Customize Manager class gives us a few methods, one for adding a component, one for getting a component, one for removing a component. Okay so the first component are the settings. Settings are basically the data that we store in the database and they are managed by controls and we can find them in the WP Customize Setting class. So out we are the setting we hook into the Customize Register action which provides us with an instance of the WP Customize Manager which has a hard setting method. We pass the setting ideas the first parameter and the second one is an array of arguments. These arguments can be the type which can be theme mode or option. We'll see the difference shortly. We have the capability so basically we can restrict the access to our setting to specific users. The theme support as well flag is basically test the customizer to show that setting only the current team supports a specific feature. So for example if your team supports the customizer feature, the customizer will run the customizer section to allow you to manage your customizer. Then we have the default value for setting the transport method which is basically awaited by the customizer which tries to do to use to update the preview when our setting changes. And we also have a callback for validation and sanitizing. So yeah one thing to keep in mind is that these prefixes are reserved by call so we can't use them. And yeah as we said there are two setting types. One is theme mode and one is option. Theme mode basically uses the theme modification API and it stores your data into a serializer as a single entry in the WP option table. They both save our data in the WP options table but in two different ways. Yeah theme mode are specific to theme with options can be used with any teams or planning and they are saved into a test type on the slide but they are saved into separate entries. However the customizer allows us to pass key value arrays for options as well so they can be saved as a single entry. But even if you stick with those you can also add your own types either by subclassing the WP customized setting class or more easily you can just pass the type when you register in your setting. But you should know that if you pass your own type you need to handle the preview and the update of your setting by yourself. And WordPress helps us with these two books for reading news where the setting type part is the name of your setting. So how can we retrieve data? Basically it's the same part we actually use two different functions. So if you use theme mode you have to get the mode function otherwise you have the more familiar get option. They both accept the idea of our setting at the first parameter and the default value for the second one. Okay the next component are controls they are managed by the WP customized control class and they are basically a user interface for our settings and they must be associated with settings. So where these are controls we use the out control method we pass the setting idea as the first parameter and the array of arguments. These arguments can be the type which is basically any html5 value input type. The priority in which they will be rendering the customizer inside of sections capability again the section which is required and is the section the control belong to. It can be a core section or your own section. Label and description speaks for themselves and the choices can be used with the radio type or the select type. We can pass a key value array where the key is the actual value that we can store in the database and the value is the label that's shown in the drop down. If we need to pass custom html attributes we can use the input attributes flag. The allow addition is only used with the drop down pages type which is basically our setting with all the pages we have on our website and if we set this one to true it will allow us to create a new page directly from our control instead of going to pages in the admin. And then we have a active callback which basically can we can show our components only when they are relevant. Okay so yeah this is the time since basically as you can see all html5 input type is accepted and you can also extend them. Core already provided us with a field and there are more at that link and you can also create your own custom control. If you create your own custom control the way to register your control is a bit different so this time we still use the add control method but we pass the a new instance of the control class which accepts the customized manager instance as the first parameter set to make yes the second one and the array of arguments as the third one including custom one and this is how the code is found on the frontend. Okay next component is sections which are basically containers for controls. They are managed by WP Customized Section and one thing to note is that they only appear if there are controls related to it and we use the add section method we pass the section that is the first parameter and the array of arguments is the second one. Again the priority in which they will be shown in that controls panel. If they belong to a panel we need to specify the panel id here capability, theme support, title description as we've already seen. The type I think it's only used by custom sections I've never used it with a reactive code again the description isn't flat basically it does the customizer to if set to true it does the customizer to hide the section description behind the help icon so we can make more room inside the section. Last component is panels and they are containers for multiple sections or and or like entire different functionalities for example the nav menu's panel or the which is panel. It's described by the theme and look to use panels to group different sections but I actually used them to to group all my sections I think. So I think our panel is pretty easy and it's a lot different from sections the only thing that changes is the method that we use this time is our panel the panel id and then the array of arguments pretty much the same as the sections. Okay cool so we've seen what the customizer is how to extend it and so now we we might expect that everything would be like real time and when we change the settings it would be instantaneous but this is not the case and this is because of transport methods which are basically a way to to tell the customizer how to re-render your changes. By default they are set to refresh which as the name may suggest is our full page reload and this can be pretty slow as we see here because we need to reload and type page every time we change a setting and it's not very real time and also you might get away with it if you have a small site if your site is bigger and there would be more installers of experience with this lower. So to overcome this issue we could use the post-message method which is basically a method to enable communication between the controls panel and the preview panel by JavaScript as we can see here when we change our site title it's pretty instantaneous. Unlike the refresh method there are a few additional steps to follow to enable the post-message transfer method so in PHP we need to set obviously the transfer method flag to post-message then we need to use JavaScript and it's not nothing more difficult than this little snippet which basically binds our setting to our specific element on the page so for example in this case when our blog name which is the site title changes the element with the class of site title we allow the instance and we also obviously need to queue our JavaScript file we use the customized preview in it action and we need to make sure that we pass the customized preview and jQuery scripts as dependencies. Okay so this is great it's real-time it's instantaneous it's cool but there's a caveat for us developers and the problem is that with post-message we need to duplicate our logic both in JavaScript and PHP and this means that we are violating the fly principle to repeat yourself. And a bigger issue is that let's say for example that you all set things as a filter applying to it or your content comes from a WP query this kind of stuff are really difficult to reproduce in JavaScript that's why as of WordPress 4.5 a new framework has been introduced in the customizer and this has been selected refresh framework which basically allows us to render specific part of our site and so we just need to run those parts and not the old page and this is done by Ajax so we make Ajax calls to fetch the render PHP so the advantage is that we have a clinical base because we are expecting the fly principle our code is more readable and maintainable we have a more accurate preview preview update because as I said if sometimes with the post-message the result that you see in the customizer is not actually the result that you will see on the front end and this is because as I said your setting might have a filter applied to it and yeah we can also associate parts of the preview with the related controls so we can see it we have a little icon next to our description and we click it we are taken to the right section in the customizer and we can start and this is so cool that it's it's also used by widgets so before seeing that we have a look how we register our patient so we use the app partial method we pass the setting it is the first parameter in the real arguments as a second one which accept the selector which is basically the element on the page so it can be a class or an id or a time whatever you want the container inclusive flag each set to two tells the customizer to refresh the old container each set to force a real refresh on the content the render callback which takes care of rendering content and the fallback refresh which is set to true by default and basically that's the customizer that if anything goes wrong it will actually load the whole page so as I spoiled before we widgets are compatible by default you just need to add support to your team and all of course we just rework out of the box however if you have a custom widget you will need to do a few stuff the first one is to set the customized selecting refresh meter flag to two when you are constructing your MVP widget class and you also need to make sure to and queue your scripts unconditionally so that the page don't need to reload the page the customizer don't need to reload the page to fix the CSS changes it's easier about it okay so that's more than we can do to enhance the experience of our users we can make our components contextual by this I mean that if we have options that are dedicated to specific pages we can show them only when the user is previewing those pages or if we can create dependencies between those options so we can see here on the 2017 team we have these controls on the on-page and if we switch to the about page they will be in a way the same with like on the on-page we have our work and prone custom section custom balancer and then when we switch to the about page it's gone because it's not relevant anymore you can use basically any core function or your custom function that's one thing to note is that the active code that receives the customized manager instance has the first argument so for example if you're using this class in each page which accept the page ID or title as a first argument you need to use either an anonymous function or create your own function to wrap that core functionality another good thing that we can do is validate settings so before WordPress 4.6 we only had sanitizing for section this means that with sanitization we clean the values that the input of the user just before we are saving into the database and if something goes wrong the user is not notified so it might not know what went wrong as a WordPress 4.6 as I said we have validation and the validation takes place before setting the state if the input is not valid the same request is rejected and I know this has been shown to the user to tell them what went wrong we can see here that we have custom control we only accept integrals so we see you must apply a value here we can add a value here if our value is less than 1900 or greater than 19 there is two new or two old and when we publish the customizer projects are changed so we know what we need to to fix another thing about the customizer and the one covered this today is that it has a really robust JavaScript API you can basically do whatever you want for example you can dynamically show a nine controls based on another setting value so let's say for example you have a slider and you have a flag to say activate slider when it's set to yes you can show control for the image or one for the text when it's set to no just controls will be hidden away another cool thing that you can do is you can navigate to a URL when you click on section or you can focus parts of the preview area so here is the JavaScript API section in the customized API handbook or if you want to take it to the core to the code you can go there and that's this talk by western router which is basically the lead developer for the customizer he gave this talk at work on qs last year and it's we're really cool i highly recommend you to watch it so now i just want to show you a few feature of the customizer so one thing that we can do is we can change and preview these either install teams or things from the word festival river example you can start this theme and preview it here we can see that thing you can start editing if we don't like it we just go back another cool functionality is that we can preview a sign up on tablet and mark on this little icon down here you can for example create new pages directly from the customizer and add a new item new page and add it note that these are just stops so you will need to add the actual content later a cool thing is the css section where you can basically add your css this can be dangerous so i usually disable it because end user don't need it but if you need it's there and the cool thing is that now it has um house complete it also has a linter so it says unknown property background yeah yeah yeah that's because i wanted to show you the linter so it tells us what's wrong and we can change it one thing that's been added by on the WordPress 4.9 is the change set so we can now save our changes as drops we can schedule them the cool thing is that we if we for example save this change we can use the this url to show our website with the actual changes to a client this is good because for example if a client asks us to to make a change we can do those changes show them with this link and wait for their their program to actually publish them we also have the the log feature so for example in post you know the one someone is editing a post you see a little notice look and set your post now we have the same for the customizer so here we have a few resources which uh the link is like on twitter after the little so you might be wondering should we use the settings api or the customize api but i'll say useful because they this are different purposes so if you don't need if your settings don't need to affect the front end or quickly settings api otherwise always use the customizer that's it from me thank you very much