What's going on everyone? Sam here with Leighton Sports Cards, we've been 6-Box F1 Mixer, 22, Top Scrum, Formula 1, Hobby & Light, number 4, Random Team Style. So look again at your random results. As always, you can find these on the website under the Results tab, as well as the link that's currently in chat. So good luck everybody. Let's start with F1 Light. So this is all going to be Hobby on this side, it's going to be Leighton on this side. I think it's like, yeah, this guy. First day on the job. Usually it's pretty telling. Is it, it's firmware insurance on? Yeah. Oh, I can look at me down for that. It's hard to watch golf with no noise though. Yeah, sure, you don't really know what's going on. It's a very good point. Yuki Tsunoda Speed Demons and Purple True Purple Fernando Alonso for Alpine, 158 out of 399. Refractor Callum Williams for Trident. ChromeDust already getting me here. What would say is your most favorite? Omar Svanour for Alpine. What's your most favorite hat in your collection? Man, um, orange. That is orange. Yuki Tsunoda going to Alphatari. Nice one there, Riddzi. Congrats buddy. 6 out of 25 on the Yuki. There you go. True orange. Get that Mac for you buddy. Probably my Orioles hat. Yuki Tsunoda on the Ray Whiff. Going for that rainbow now, Riddzi. I'll show you the logo. It's just like my, for some reason it's like my favorite Orioles, favorite logo in sports. I just love when they used it. This one right here, but it's just the bird. I like that one. I don't know, I just like that one a lot for some reason. I always have. Do you like birds? Sure. Yes, Donnie. We're riding a sunny on the Ray Whiff. I'm just a big bird guy. Maybe you spend your off day in the bird wash. Maybe I do. Maybe I do. I'm doing your free time. Chemp Bullock Bashee on the Future Stars Refractor, a Shrouds racing system. Speed Demons, Lewis Hamilton. Like it's fine, I'm not judging. That's what you feel. Tax. Face. You feel a taxi. I do, yes. I do. I'm going to HR. That wasn't my intention. Going to HR on you. There's Sergio Perez. I forgot it. The Riddler is your top gun, Colson.  Yes it is. Yes it is. That is perfect, is the Riddler. That was the whole thing last night. I don't know. I could ask somebody illegal. Was there supposed to be one today? Pierre Gasly, Altatari on the Ray Wave. And Franz Tass for Altatari on the Principal Refractor. Danny Ricardo, nice one there for McLaren. Ray Wave. Charles Leclerc, going to Ferrari. Trachten says it was delivered. After this break I'll go check. Oh boy, Mick Schumacher, Orange Red. I think there was a hat illegal as peeping that I might have enjoyed. Lando Norris Refractor. Oh boy. Jack Duhan to 199. Illegal cut to ask me my hat size. I'm a little worried of what this may be. Bengals. See a Bengals hat. I swear to God if it's a Bengals hat, breaks are over. Breaks are over. Like a Joe Perot hat or something. Oh God. You would love it. I would not.  I would. $30 and I'm like yeah, I'll get Sam a Bengals hat. That'd be funny. That'd be awesome. Gilt Lap or two. John Duravala. Future Star is going to Prima on the Ray Wave. If you did that, there's a Giant's hat coming, or Cowboys hat coming your way. George Russell. Speed Demons. Great. I'll have something to start a bonfire with. Same with a Bengals hat. Charles Leclerc on the Ray Wave. Marcus Armstrong, Future Star's F2 Refractor. Sergio Perez Refractor. That is Voltaire Botas to $299. All right, but $130. I don't know. I don't think that's a lock yet, Joshua. I don't think that's certainly not a lock yet. A lock could happen in seven minutes. Purple Green, Kevin Magnuson for Haas. Those cards, people said actually do fairly well. Not numbered ones. I think you might have been here when we were talking about it. Well, I think, of course. Charles Leclerc. I think it was still Leclerc. Chris Seidel for McLaren. Purple Checker to $199. I don't remember. Yeah, I think it was when we were doing Kyle's personal. I think there was like Kyle and Denar were both in. They're both F1 guys. Lando Norris, Pink Ray Wave for McLaren. Nice one there. $69, that's $75. Nice. Refractor, Joe Guan Yu. Rookie for Alpha Romeo. Or Joe Guan Yu, I should say. Ray Wave for Nando Alonzo on top. Going to Alpine. Space, space. Ness upon Ocon. Ray Wave for Alpine. Lewis Hamilton, Checkered Flag Refractor. Grand Prix driver of the day for Spain. Nice one there for Mercedes. AMG. George Russell Refractor for Mercedes. And Speed Demons, Yuki Tsunoda. Alpitori. Refractor, Amori Cordil. No way. Jeff Teague is a scout for the Hawks. I love that, dude. I'm all in on that. Like just like Kyle Corver is the assistant GM now. That's so dope to me. I'm guessing he played there. Yeah. He was pretty good. He was an All-Star there for I think just one year. There was a year that the Hawks won 60 games back in I think 2015. 2014, 2015. And they went undefeated in the month of January. They're starting five, one player a month. All five of them won one player a month. And four of their starters were All-Stars. What happened? One of them being Jeff Teague. When I hadn't got swept in the Eastern Conference Finals by the bronze cabs. Fernando Alonso Refractor. Without Kevin Love that year. Kevin Love was injured when they got swept. So that was fantastic. Unfortunately. Green, Clemente, Novalock. Nice one there for MP Motorsport. 66 of 99. Cool one there for, again, MP that is. This card in Norris, just because he's in orange, it makes me think of Ricky Ballard. That is Dan Riccardo right away. I can't unsee Ricky Ballard in this piece. Which one? Oh, that one. Ricky Ballard is Oklahoma State. Oklahoma State colors. Dan Riccardo, nice one there. Charles Leclerc, 299. I love that one that they do. Is it Waste Management? Open where everybody wears their college colors. And then John Rom wears the Arizona State jersey that says Rambo on the back. I think that's probably. Because that's what everyone gets great at. Probably not Justin. I don't think Wake Forest has been relevant since he left. That's the one with, I think, number 15, the part 3. It's just, yeah. That's not the stadium, is it? Where the part 3 is the stadium? I'm not 100% sure. Sergio Perez, Refractor. Speed Demons, Max Verstappen. That would be the most nerve-racking quote I think to ever play on, is that? Because you get booed if you hit a badge. You just get heckled. The fans will really let you have it. There's base, Refractor. Yuki Shinoda. Purple Frederick Vassour, 399. At one point, we have to save up money, you and I, and we have to go play PPC Sawgrass. Oh, 100%. I'm so down with that. Just to be able to say, I played the 17th Island part 3. That is the course and the hole I want to play the most. Yeah. Lance Stroll, Checkered Flag, nice one there. I understand that. I also want to play Copperhead. Copperhead would be cool. There's so many really good courses out there I want to play. Franz Kost, Ray Whiff. Yeah, there's a lot of good courses in Florida. Nicholas Latifi. It's like $600 around at Sawgrass. Is it really? This is one of those things just to say you can play at Sawgrass. It's like on rail. Fleabag Drugabitch, Gold, Purple, not numbered. Dual color record. Sawgrass would be fire. Dana Ricardo, Ray Whiff. Fernando Alonzo, Speed Demons. I would love to, before while I'm still here, I'd love to play the whole beach. Yeah, I agree. I know it's kind of like, of course you'd like to play there, but like, that's on line. That's a really solid course for sure. Ishmith went to Wake Forest. Oh, so Ishmith. Ishmith's the most relevant player from Wake Forest of all time. Is Pebble Beach down here? No, it's in California. Cali, that's right. I always get Pebble Beach and Beth Page from next stop because Beth Page is in New York. I always get that next stop for some reason. But yeah, Pebble Beach is nasty. Orange Red, McShumacher, not numbered for Haas. Yeah, Pebble Beach would be so sick to play. McShumacher Refractor. I drove by when I was in San Diego. I drove by Torrey Pines. Oh, this is so gorgeous. Pebble, Pure Gasly. $3.99. Yeah, it kind of makes some... Alferica Minu went there. Wow. That is a powerhouse of players. They pump into the NBA then. They only had the final four once in 1962. Good God. Joe Guan Yu. Refractor Rookie for Alpha Romeo. Daniel Ricardo, Speed Demons. James Johnson, too. Good Lord, dude. Max Verstappen, Refractor. Card number two for Red Bull. So the least management that's Scottsdale. Or TPC Scottsdale, yeah. I don't know what Si or what... Alexander Alban. Of course they do, but... What do you mean? It's a 36-fold complex. Oh, gotcha, gotcha. I know, he'd be like one... Another tale for Cher. Going to ART Grand Prix. Congrats on that, going to Ridsies. That's the way they're producing some players. Yeah, I mean, they've got guys going there. Ooh, we got a red. We've got a red wave coming up, everybody. Carlos Sines. It's gonna be Carlos Sines! Boom! One of five on the red wave Color Match with Ferrari. That's kind of disgusting. Congrats on that, Bobby. Up the red wave, Carlos Sines. That's sick. That's so sick. Again, that is one of five on the red. Very nice. Color Match on Ferrari. Sweet. Sweet card right there. Lewis Hamilton in checkered flag. Saudi Arabia Grand Prix winner. Max Verstappen... Speed Demons. Speed Demons Lance Stroll No, for Aston Martin. Fernando Alonso 299 Don't think so. Yeah, it's not the science portrait. Purple Marino Sato to 199. There's no auto on that. Plus, it's a portrait if it's card number 1 through... 1 through 15 or whatever it is. That's card number 30-something. It's a slightly different pose portrait. Yes, it's a slightly different pose portrait, illegal. Exactly. And base. Spots look good again, guys. One of the mosaics may now be sold out. We may just be down to five group breaks with spots left. Yes, we are down to just... No, just getting four group breaks. No, five. Five. Make up your mind. You know what? SpongeBob quote me in Forest Ove's reference. Together. Well, yes, that's a good one. This has nothing to do with cards or anything. You know the episode Esteban Ocon? Purple Green. I think Mr. Krabs is a robot. Yeah, I forget. There's one where they start panicking and they're like, Robots are taking over. Call the Navy. There's Yuki Sunoda Refractor. SpongeBob calls the Navy and it's like an automated message. You go, Squidward, the robots have taken over the Navy. And Squidward goes, Napa Navy. And Forest does the Squidward voice so well. Napa Navy. Sergio Perez, Refractor, Driver of the Day for Bahrain. I was telling Forest yesterday for the Funkadelics we should see if Michael Myers could do a KMU. Yeah, right. Max Verstappen, Refractor, that would be fantastic. Every time we pull a Funkadelic just play the clip. Alonzo, Driver of the Day, Refractor for Williams. That one's dressed as Boston Powers too. Purple, Clemente, Novelot. Future Star is going to MP. The 399 on the True Purple. Other breakers wouldn't have that. True. Very true. Speed Demon's Nicholas Latifi, yeah. You like the Whalers shirt? I gotta rep the one sports team we had in Connecticut. Alexander Albon, Checkered Flag, Speed Demon's George Russell. That didn't even exist when I was born. I know we always got to rock the Whalers. Whalers stuff. Guys like the Whalers. Hartford Whalers, baby. Dude, I'm so pissed about that too. Because I would be, if the Hartford Whalers were around when I was alive, I would be the biggest Hartford Whalers fan you would ever meet in your life. Because I can't even have one team from my home state that I was born in. That's important. I know. Charles Lecler for Ferrari Speed Demon's. Like, I would be a Die Hard Whalers fan. Like, Die Hard Whalers fan. It's making me feel super old. There's Voltaire Botas to 299. Nice one there. Whalers and the Braves, two teams I wish. Yeah, true, true. It's a good point there, Vaughn. Two baseball teams in Boston to be my heaven. Johan Daravulla Refractor, that'd be like the Jags and the Pats for you. If the Braves and the Red Sox were both in Boston. Nicholas Latifi Refractor Caldwell for Compost to 75 on the pink. Nice one there for Richard R. Alright, last box guys. Time to just go two again. Yeah, perfect. The last box. Flea Bay-Drugevich Refractor for MP Motorsport. Lewis Hamilton Refractor for Ferrari. Two teams, just 45 minutes apart. Marcus Armstrong Refractor for High Tech. Mick Schumacher for Haas. You can see a note of Speed Demon's. That's Joe Guan Yu, Formula One's freshest on the Checkered Flag Refractor for Alpha Romeo. Speed Demon's Lewis Hamilton for Ferrari. Or not Ferrari, for Mercedes, excuse me. Purple George Russell, 399. Such a great movie. I saw that for the first time, like, relatively recently too. Really? Yeah. Refractor Ralph Beauchamp. Gold Checker is Enzo Fidipaldi for Shirau's Racing System. Alex C. That is going to be 29 out of 50 on the Gold Checker. Was it like one of those movies where, like, you knew the memes that you'd never watched? I never watched it, like, fully, yeah. It's Kevin Magnuson, Purple Gold, or Gold Purple, I should say, for Haas. Fantastic piece of cinema though. Purple Checker, Teo Porcher to 199 for ART. So in there, going to Riddzi. Jake's screen that he did with the Steph 101. Always reminds me of the scene where Uncle Rigo gets some orange. Orange sits on the windshield. What up, Brad? Kidney, fantastic piece of cinema. Yo, I'm rocking my new fantastic piece of cinema shirt. What's up, Brad? I'll get that one. It's like breaking bad memes that we send to each other all the time. Not really one that I can say on stream. Like, you'd get, like, if I said the main meme, you would get it. That would be pretty funny. I mean, you would understand it. But, yeah, it's pretty funny. There's Daniel Ricardo. Nice one there too, 299. Kidney, fantastic piece of cinema. Face and last pack. Good luck, y'all. Let's see it. Ooh, nice. Got an auto last pack. Lando Norris, and it is Callan Williams. Going to Trident. Nice one on that one. Congrats, Trident. That is going to be Bobby S. We'll do it for the break, guys. Do a quick recap here. It is literally an anti-meme at this point, Brad. Clement Novolok, green to 99. Pink Raywave, Lando Norris to 75. Ollie Caldwell to 75. Gold Checker, Enzo Fidipaldi to 50. We have two autos. They're going to be Callan Williams for Trident, as well as Tail per Share for Air 2 Grand Prix. Two Magged Cards. We add True Orange, Yuki Tsunoda, 6 out of 25. Going to Alcatari. Nice one there. And how about a Red Wave, Carlos Sainz Color Match for Ferrari 1 of 5. Congrats on that again, Ferrari Bobby S. That will do it for the break, guys. Thanks again for the fill. Next up, baseball.


High Mountain Asia, HMA, is the largest glacierized region outside of the Earth's polar regions. Since 1850, it has experienced sustained glacier mass loss, which has been accelerating in recent decades. Satellite data captures the spatial variability of this mass loss, but its resolution is too coarse to accurately measure regional or HMA-wide mass loss. To address this issue, researchers generated 5,797 high-resolution digital elevation models, DEMs, from available sub-meter commercial stereo imagery, Digital Globe Worldview 1-2-3 and GOI-1, acquired over HMA glaciers from 2007 to 2018, primarily 2013 to 2017. They also reprocessed 28,278 Aster DEMs over HMA from 2000 to 2018. The researchers combined these observations to generate robust elevation change trend maps and geodetic mass balance estimates for 99% of HMA glaciers between 2000 and 2018. This article was authored by David E. Sheen, Shashank Bhushan, Paul Montesano, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


But now with the course I discovered my biggest fear and that's my fear of rejection. And well, the most difficult is that all the rejection I got was my own rejection. And now I have to accept, I think I have to accept the awful thing that I did it all myself. But in that process I still think, well, stop smoking first, lose your weight and then do the work. Then accept yourself because it is so difficult to accept myself as I am now in kilos, I think, and smoking. And I feel that it is, I can't accept the fact that I did it all myself. And that's where I'm stuck. Yes, it really comes down to getting clear on responsibility. And already we have talked about sickness and the belief that I am responsible for making myself sick. Or we could say I am responsible for making myself overweight or a smoker. So let's look closely at the idea of responsibility. Jesus says in the Course, you are not responsible for the error, but you are responsible for accepting the correction for the error. He also says, do not project the error to time. So both of these are keys to the answer for you. When we look at the original error, it is a belief in separation from God. And that belief was so painful that it was pushed out of awareness into the unconscious. And a whole world was projected to minimize that terror. Jesus calls this moment the unholy instant. So the pain of the unholy instant is deluded to time and spaced out over millennia. So when the mind judges the body as being too big or smoking or being sick, it's simply projecting the error to time. This is what Francis referred to earlier, which he was talking about. The problems seem to be specific, like smoking or being overweight. Those are very specific problems. But we discover when we try to solve the problems in specific ways that they never all go away. There are new ones that come. And also Francis and I have talked about how the deeper you go, the problems still seem terrifying. There's a fear there, but it's non-specific. It's a non-specific terror. There is a subsection of A Course in Miracles titled, The Fear to Look Within. In fact, this whole world was made as a distraction to keep the mind from looking within. So I remember when I was in university, I was very contemplative. I was pondering what is the meaning of life. And I sensed that in order to discover this meaning, I would have to question everything that I believed. But over the years, the more I questioned and the deeper I went within, I encountered intense fear and rage. So I was peeling away the layers of the onion, finding more rage underneath. And this is why we can have many symptoms act out many things in behavior without getting down to the root cause of the behavior. So we take this journey to uncover the ego's rage and to accept a new purpose for the whole world. When we are training our mind and learning to listen to the Holy Spirit, we are doing it for the whole universe. And it is a very deep, profound calling that we have. And you will face the fears as you go along, but you are responsible for accepting the correction. The temptation of the ego is to focus on mistakes and to identify with the mistakes. And this is why the mind feels fearful and unworthy of love. Even Helen Schuchman, the scribe of A Course in Miracles, had tremendous anxiety while scribing the Course because she had a highly developed scribal ability, but she had misused it in the past lifetime. So everyone that I joined with and worked with very deeply uncovers this deep unworthiness. But my invitation is join me and let's be miracle workers as a way of undoing the unworthiness. And the miracles teach us to show us how worthy of love that we are. And I'm reminded of that interview I had in Ireland at the radio show when they asked me, who is David Hoffmeister? The parable came through how I was, what happened as I changed my purpose and how things are now. And anyone who's familiar with like even 12-step programs is the same path of healing. We are open to show you this is how I'm experiencing it, without hiding anything. We get down on our knees and we call upon the higher power for help and then we are lifted up in love. And the closer we get to love, we may protest.  But the spirit is more like a craving.  Yeah, your sharing really touches the heart. We all express it in different ways, but everything that we've ever done in this world is to cover over that deep feeling of unworthiness. In fact, the deeper you go into this forgiveness, what my experience has been, is that I had a pretty strong self-concept and the world things seemed to be working. And as I started to face these deep-seated feelings of unworthiness, I saw how deep it went. The more you have been convinced that you have been pretty good in this world, the more you have to undo. So this world is backwards and upside down. If you feel like you've been highly successful in this world, like you've met the world on the world's terms and you've learned how to master the world pretty well, powerful, rich, successful, sexy, like Marilyn Monroe, that's your state of mind you're twice removed from reality because reality has nothing to do with this world. Then again, there are those that have been fighting addictions their whole life. They have faced extreme emotional pain. Sometimes they find themselves in a recovery program or a 12-step program.  These are the ones that are once removed from reality. They are much closer to the conversion that the Holy Spirit is taking you on. So if you had an extremely challenging and difficult life, there is a blessing underneath this challenge and this is what Suzanne was just referring to. There was a point where she believed she had it all. She had a husband, a beautiful ranch, and a work with a beautiful horse. She was content with her Course in Miracles book and the world seemed like a pretty nice world. But then she met me and the bottom fell out and all the house of cards came crashing down because in her heart she was calling for healing. It was very genuine, sincere prayer of the heart and it's not like anything is destroyed. It's all just retranslated. Like you were mentioning, you could see it involved community and healing and it was not expensive. Yeah, I'm sure when you were a little girl you were thinking, I will grow up and watch YouTubes every day and be so happy. Because there were no YouTubes. But it's all just coming in as reflections of healing.


Welcome everyone. For those of you who don't know me, I'm Dr. Mark Kondos. I'm one of the co-directors of the Sir Michael Howard Center and the convener of this seminar series and I'm very happy to introduce this evening our speaker, Professor David Lambert from the University of Warwick. Professor Lambert is a professor of Caribbean history at the University of Warwick and his research explores histories of slavery and empire in the 18th and 19th centuries with a particular focus on the Caribbean. He's the author of White Creole Culture, Politics and Identity during the Age of Abolition, Mastering the Niger, James McQueen's African Geography in the Struggle over the Atlantic Slavery and is more recently co-editor of Empire and Mobility in the Long 19th Century. He's currently the principal investigator on a new HRC funded project that looks at the history of West India regiments from the late 19th to early 20th centuries and as I understand is in sort of the final stages of preparing a book on this and I believe that's what he's going to be talking to with us about this evening so without further ado please David take it away. Okay thanks Mark and thank you for those of you who joined us. Okay so what I'm going to do I'm just going to I'm going to present a specific element to the book which is essentially on the kind of the changing image changing status of the West India regiments across the long 19th century. I am going to touch on some of the other things that people would like to talk more about some of the earlier histories and the West India regiments more broadly than obviously I'm very happy to do so. Okay so in 1898 the year after Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee the graphic illustrated newspaper published a three four page supplement entitled Our Colonial Troops which included this color print of a crowd of 89 military figures accompanied by a numbered legend to aid with their identification. The print quotes from the final standard of a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson one with Britain heart and soul one life one flag one throne and Tennyson had written this poem when he was the poet laureate at the request of the Prince of Wales and he read it at the opening of the Indian and colonial the colonial Indian exhibition which had taken place in London in 1886 and the poem cast the relationship between Britain and its empire in familial terms and the graphic takes this to underscore its image of a multi-ethnic cross-cultural martial fraternity. The print also evokes both contemporary practices of the display of racialized types which of course were very much associated with exhibitions like that in 1886 and also a culture of imperial military spectacle that was particularly intense around Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and the Diamond Jubilee had taken place the year before in 1897 when real representatives of many of these military units had paraded through the streets of London. The graphics full colour print was accompanied by an article by Percy John Percy Groves who was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Royal Guernsey artillery and in addition to his military service Groves is well known as the author of military histories and also military themed adventure stories particularly aimed at boys. His article which was entitled Defenders of the Empire sketched out the composition of Britain's global military forces at the end of the 19th century so Groves talks about the Indian army and then he goes on to make a distinction between on the one hand British imperial troops that were recruited in Britain itself in the metropole and on the other hand what he called purely colonial forces and the latter consisted primarily of locally raised permanent units militia volunteers and armed police that provided the defense forces across the self-governing colonies of Canada Australia South Africa and New Zealand and these had seen the gradual withdrawal of imperial forces since 1870 most other colonies and dependencies across the empire were still guaranteed garrisoned by forces sent out from Britain so in addition however to these three categories of Indian the Indian army purely colonial forces and British imperial troops there also existed another category that groves somewhat awkwardly termed imperial colonial core and these were imperial units that were not recruited in Britain but could not be deemed purely colonial forces either and this is a real kind of mixed bag of units so along with the West India regiment which I'm going to be focusing on the there was also the Hong Kong regiment which was the only other existing unit of what groves called local imperial infantry and this was a relatively recent unit that had been formed only in 1891 and raised essentially as a battalion of native infantry in India in the Indian army and then this unit was seconded to the British army for service in Hong Kong another of these imperial colonial cores was the Royal Malta artillery which like the West India regiment and various other artillery and engineer units was also a regular part of the British army it had its origins in infantry units that had been raised in the early 19th century but had then been converted into an artillery unit in 1861 there were also all the units that were categorized as imperial colonial core but they were quite different they were mainly various armed police forces raised in places like West Africa now the graphics depiction of this imperial military brotherhood these are our colonial troops obscured as much as it revealed I would argue it represented a range of types of military units that performed different roles that were made up of men of different ethnicities and religions some that were part of the British army others that were not and the only thing that they had in common was that their rank and file were raised across the British empire including India rather than in Britain itself and one of the effects of lumping all these units together was to eject the West India regiment figuratively from the British army and instead to place it amongst the company of our colonial troops it was not unique in this exclusion but the West India Regiment what was the oldest of this rather cumbersomely entitled imperial colonial core perhaps one of the reasons why it sits so central in the image it should also be recognized that while placing the West India regiment representative in this diverse company would at first sight seem to be an act of color blindness a sense that's reinforced by the familial sentiment of Tennyson's poem the simultaneous effect was to render the British army the rest of the British army who of course do not appear in this image as white and metropolitan in whose company African Caribbean soldiers do not really belong now the issue of where and how the West India regiments fitted in within Britain's global military forces was a long-standing one in the same year that the graphic published this colored print the third battalion of the West India regiment was passing through Portsmouth on its way to Garrison the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic the navy and illustrated newspaper expressed its regret that its visit to Britain was such a short one and it expressed its wish that a larger public would have been able to see a complete battalion of this quote most picturesque and serviceable core responding to its readers presumed lack of understanding about the nature of the West India regiment the newspaper explained that it was nothing more than an ordinary line infantry regiment albeit one composed as to rank and file of colored men and of course that its status required such qualification confirms the general public ignorance despite the efforts of military insiders and more specialist in military publications so what I want to do in this paper then is to consider how in a sense the West India regiment ends up in this company amongst the colonial troops by the end of the 19th century rather than symbolically appearing alongside other units in the regular British army and it does so by examining the contested and the uncertain place of the West India regiment within overlapping cultures of militarism and popular imperialism that characterised late 19th century Britain and I'm interested in the kind of the way in which the West India regiment were written about the way in which they were depicted visually but also about their physical participation in embodied events in this period the 1890s represented the period in which the regiment came to the greatest prominence in British culture so the image on the left is from the army and navy gives that very famous series of types of the British army which many many images of the kind of British army from this period come from this this series that was published over years this is the one when the issue in the West India regiment is featured the image on the right is a doll of the West India regiment so just the examples of kind of the way in which the West India regiment do feature within the kind of material culture and visual culture of the late 19th century moreover by virtue of the role of the West India regiment in a series of campaigns in West Africa they also featured in the newspapers and the illustrated press so people were writing about them people were talking about them people were depicting them small detachments also participated in the Royal Military Tournament in 1896 and in the Diamond Jubilee a year later but despite the coverage they received including the well-publicized presence of Sergeant William Gordon who was the only the second African Caribbean man to win the Victoria Cross such prominence did not mean did not equate with an understanding of their place and history within the British army instead the West India regiment was often marginalised lumped in with native troops on the basis of the ethnicity of their rank and file in short even as they were brought home the men of the West India regiment were rendered somewhat exotic and strange their century as part of the British army occluded okay so what i'm going to do then i'll start by briefly explaining like for those of the people who know nothing about the West India regiment there's no reason why people should i'll give you a little bit about the history and again i'm very happy to say more about this if people wish so um after Britain went to war with the Revolutionary France in February 1793 the Caribbean became a very significant theater of conflict as it had been throughout much of the 18th century initially things went well for the British um their forces captured parts of Sandaman what's now Haiti and captured Tobago the year later Martinique Saint Lucia Guadeloupe were all seized in 1794 but the military balance began to shift against the British in from February 1794 after the national convention in Paris formally ended colonial slavery in the French colonies and this left Britain as the primary defenders of slavery in the region the arrival of Victor Oog another Jacobine commissioners stiffened French resistance across the French islands and their agents sought to promote unrest and resistance amongst French-speaking free non-white and enslaved populations in places like Dominica and Grenada as well as amongst the so-called black caribs of Saint Vincent facing conventional and in regular warfare British forces were driven out of Guadeloupe by the end of 1794 and from Saint Lucia the following summer that same year 1795 there were also serious revolts in the British colonies of Grenada and Saint Vincent as well as the Trelawney town maroons uprising in Jamaica but it was in France's key colony the most valuable colony of all Sandaman that things really turned most against the British a small expeditionary force of 2000 troops had landed there from Jamaica in the autumn of 1793 and occupied key ports but in 1794 Britain's military situation was transformed from an expedition against French Republicans into an all-out war against the coalition of black commanders led by Toussaint Louverture overall the British committed almost 25 000 troops to Sandaman of all of whom two-thirds died there opposed by Louverture's forces and suffering further losses from disease the situation in Sandaman deteriorated into what's been described as one of the most tragic episodes in British military history and a crushing blow to British national pride the British withdrew in 1798 and evacuated their remaining forces now crucially the the setbacks that the Britain faced across the Caribbean in this period provided the impetus for the authorization and establishment of the first West India regiments from 1795 this is a wonderful image this came on the market a few years ago it's those of you people who know this is now was purchased by and displayed by the National Army Museum and a really really striking image and I'm one that just reiterates that these were these the West India regiments formed part of the regular British army these are not colonial auxiliaries or anything like that they were trained they were uniformed they were armed they were paid they were rationed along the same basis as regular regiments of foot consolidating some existing units including African Americans who fought for the British in the American Revolutionary War their numbers were greatly augmented through the conscription of enslaved African men purchased directly from slave traders and indeed in the late 1790s and early 1800s the British government purchased more than 13 000 enslaved Africans for the regiments making the British state the largest individual purchaser of enslaved people in this period at a cost of almost a million pounds sterling after slavery was formally ended in the British Empire in the 1830s the regiments became more African Caribbean in character recruited within the region although there were still enrolments in West Africa their officers were white and British until right at the end of the 19th century where you begin to see some evidence of non-white officers during their existence of more than 130 years West India regiments soldiers served across the Caribbean including in the continental enclaves of what were British Honduras and British Guyana and also participated in the war of 1812 from the 1820s they were also deployed at Sierra Leone the Gambia the Gold Coast Lagos and elsewhere in West Africa numbering 12 regiments at their peak of a single battalion each a single regiment comprising two battalions was all that remained after 1888 and then briefly a third battalion was created but disbanded the final regiment was disbanded in 1927 throughout this history this long history the martial capabilities the martial capacities of the West India regiments was constantly questioned at the most extreme we see this right at the beginning of their history when we see a serious dispute and conflict between on the one hand the British military authorities in the region who were desperate for soldiers and then white West Indian colonists in places like Jamaica for whom the idea of arming African men is seen as not a military boon but actually an existential threat to the system of racial slavery on which they rely although such sentiment did recede even decades later there were many including very senior military figures as I'll explain who continue to express skepticism and doubts about the military value of the West India regiments and fundamentally a lot of this turned on basically on thinking around race so there was there were ideas that they were either kind of too cow childlike and cowardly to be soldiers on the one hand or else they were too savage and brutish to be sold as on the other hand so you know like the kind of certain understandings of kind of Africanness within the kind of European imagination in the 19th century and all of this form part of a of a of a debate about the status of the West India regiments and about how they fitted in or didn't fit in with in Britain's imperial military forces and by the late 19th century as I'll I'll show in this paper this is now playing out and the kind of a public stage and in the realm of the kind of militarized mass culture that characterizes characterizes late Victorian Britain now despite the longevity in place within the British army the West India regiments were relatively little known in Britain itself for much of the 19th century this is because as I said they served primarily in the Caribbean and West Africa although some detachments were sent to Britain for specialist weapons training the most significant military role in the second half of the 19th century which did have an effect on how well they were known was during the Anglo-Shanty war of 1873 74 I'm not going to say much about this the conflict basically begins when a shanty army attacks and defeats local British allies fancy allies in land of what the British call the gold coast and begin and essentially challenge Britain's commercial dominance in that part of what's now southern Garner the British eventually respond by dispatching an expeditionary force under the command of Garner Joseph Wosley which draws the Ashanti army back and West India regiment forces participate in the war in the conflict for more than eight months even before Wosley arrives and before the reinforcements arrive but when the British forces enter the Ashanti capital of Kumasi at the climax of the campaign the West India soldiers are not allowed to enter the Ashanti capital Wosley does not permit the West India regiment men to go into the Ashanti capital now the conflict of 1873 74 is an interesting one in lots of ways and I can say more about it people wish it's Britain's first significant military expedition into the tropical african interior it's also the first British colonial campaign that really catches the public imagination and in some ways sets the store for the kind of later interesting within British popular culture in kind of imperial warfare imperial affairs which kind of tied up with the scramble for Africa later on the expedition is accompanied by a number of special correspondence newspaper correspondence who go on to produce published accounts of the war as do a number of worlds these handpicked staff officers many of them would also form parts of the influential Ashanti or wosley ring now even though locally based West India regiment forces had played an important part in the first half of the campaign they were pushed aside by wosley converted to baggage handlers for white troops not permitted to enter Kumasi as I said and were rather marginalised in published accounts and as such the war was kind of assimilated into what Bruce van der Voort terms the myth of the all conquering western way of war by which small numbers of white soldiers were able to defeat vastly more numerous non-white warriors usually through kind of superior tactics and weaponry in fact this conflict and indeed the later scramble for Africa saw European powers rely on indigenous armies using cast off firearms sometimes with the support of imperial forces like the West India regiments so whilst this first kind of colonial media war may have made household name and military hero of wosley and was an important moment in the awakening of the militarized mass culture that characterised Britain in the final decades of the century it did little for the reputation of the West India regiments themselves who had been involved from the start now the idea that West India regiments could not be relied upon and this was kind of wosley's view and again I can say a little bit about if people wish more about the origins of that there were people who sought to kind of push back against this so the final two decades of 19th century saw the publication of the first book length histories of the West India regiments Alfred Burden Ellis's history of the first and James Caulfield's history of the second and both were by former or current senior officers with a long-standing association with the regiments and interestingly both men Ellis and Caulfield had been junior officers during the Anglo Ashanti war and both wrote about the kind of dismay that they had felt when West India regiment forces were not allowed to enter Kumasi and Ellis actually describes it as a deliberate slight on the regiments in response they sought to put the record straight so Ellis for example provides a kind of comprehensive historical account of the West India regiments operations including the battle on as they'd received their actions in the Caribbean later in West Africa and he also sketches out the history of some of the other regiments and in a sense he was trying to sort of stress how valuable they were how important they were he also sought to take on some of the negative views of the West India regiments particularly those he associated with wosley and some of his supporters so one of the criticisms of the West India regiments which wosley would would write about in an article was about what's to do with the kind of relationship between the changing demographic makeup of the regiments and how that impacted on their martial capacity so wosley argued essentially when in the early years of the regiments they were mainly made up of Africans who could fight well in close combat they were savaged they were naturally savaging and were good in close combat as over time they became more African Caribbean in other words they were recruited in Jamaica or Barbados or Antigua and as as was understood at the time they became more civilized and they lost that kind of natural savagery but didn't make up for it by becoming better at fighting at firing good rifles so you know this is a kind of all argument that wosley made and Ellis sought to try and tackle this very directly and one of the ways he does this is with this is one of the two images that appear in the book this is a very unremarkable image it just shows some soldiers standing you know firing a practicing marksmanship but actually if you look at the visual archive of the West India regiments if you look at images of them they are very very very very rarely ever actually shown firing guns most images of the West India regiment look like that whatever uniform they're wearing whatever style of uniform wearing normally they're just standing around almost as if like you know in the middle of a drill or as if they're being kind of um inspected so this image and the argument that Ellis builds around it that they were in fact steady reliable marksman who was uh was actually striking in how unusual it was so what we see then here is a kind of a another instance of um this kind of debate around the West India regiments regarding their military value and professionalism which we can trace back to the very origins as I mentioned before and something and it also remained a feature of the coverage of the regiments in the late 19th century so they're involved in a series of campaigns in West Africa in this period and um we see again they kind of they you know there's a lot of coverage of them they know their public profile is raised but we see these kind of two contrasting images of the regiments so um we can sort of again I'll contrast them visually so on the one hand we have an image like this which was produced by um Haldane McFall who was a junior officer in the West one of the West in the remaining West India regiments who produced images for the graphic newspaper and this is again an unusual image because it shows the West India regiments firing actually in combat which is uh is not the usual case and it's a very you know it's it's a it's an image of soldiers fighting um but this is much more typical this is an image from Henry Charles Sepping's right um who was the special artist for the Illustrated London News who was also on the in the field with the West India regiments but wasn't wasn't an officer he was an outsider and his images tended to show the West India regiments in kind of either just sort of passively standing around or in these kind of like semi-comical uh sort of uh scenes and you know we don't think we don't need to scratch the surface too far here to sort of we can think about kind of the the kind of racist comic traditions of the period kind of minstrel sea and ideas about blackface and the figure of the coon and so on there's it's it's not overt but there is essentially this isn't these are not professional soldiers this there's a use um the immaterials of of humor uh rather than a professionalism and that contrast between this kind of image and this kind of image I think characterizes this this debate this uncertainty about um their value and and how the relationship between the kind of inside of you and the outside of you now one of the problems that Ellis identified in his history of the first West India regiment was that West India regiments were never seen in England and as a result the British public knew nothing about them now that's not strictly true as I mentioned before African Caribbean soldiers did come um in small numbers to to do weapons training more also uh moreover the the regimental band performed at the colonial and Indian exhibition of 1886 where Alfred Lord Tennyson read that poem and the coverage at the time noted with approval that they were quote all Christians and spoke English and again the the fact that that need to be stated the surprise that they were in fact good speakers of English and Christians again speaks that kind of ignorance about their composition and history a decade later a detachment of West India regiment soldiers featured in the royal military tournament this has been inaugurated in 1880 and ran for a fortnight during the the London season and took place at the Royal Agricultural Hall in Islington um it consisted of two daily performances of competitions and displays and from 1895 historical parades were added as a new feature in 1896 a new event was added which was the Sons of the Empire pageants which featured representatives of British regiments as well as others typical of our Indian and colonial regulars volunteers and militia reflecting the militarized mass culture that was an important element of late Victorian Britain press uh the newspaper coverage had little doubt that this element would be the most popular with the British public and one of the kind of sentiments that's commonly expressed in coverage of this event is that it provides quote the most valuable object lesson on the greatness of the British Empire so that the the kind of the display of soldiers themselves becomes like almost like um a way of mapping out how much of the world is pink now the arrangements for the Sons of Empire pageants had been made by Lieutenant Colonel Edward Ward um his service in Sudan and Ireland in the 1880s and 1890s had brought him to Woesley's attention and was chosen by Woesley to serve during the Anglo-Ishanti War of 1895-96 which was the final war that Britain and the Kingdom of Ashanti fought which West Indian regiment soldiers participated in and he would definitely would go on to form to serve as the Deputy Assistant Adjutant General in the home district staff in London in organising the pageants he divided it into six sections symbolising the armed forces of Britain, India, Canada, South Africa, Australia and finally a collection of other colonies the in turn each section comprised the four individuals drawn from different units on parade in the case of the sixth section this was headed by representatives of the the white volunteer Trinidad-Yulman recovery and then behind them and indicated by this arrow followed on on foot were the West India regiments as well as various forces from West Africa the Jamaican militia the Hong Kong regiments and the British Guyana police so what we see then here is an imperial logic coming to the fore rather than a military one which served to place non-white elements of the British Army including the West India regiments in the final section of the pageants which was often referred to as the colonial forces so they're separated from the the rest of the British Army at the back interestingly the parading soldiers of the West India regiment were often singled out and we get this this is a coverage from the relatively recently founded Daily Mail which turned on and described the the kind of the the the swagger of the West India regiments soldiers and the the trope of teeth and eyes listening of course is a you know is a patronising and basically a friendly this is kind of part of a kind of a racist way of thinking about people of African descent which is common in this period and this alongside rather dismissive accounts of their supposedly showy Zawar uniform which again I can talk about if you wish to discuss that uniform and this was a manifestation of the marginalisation of the West India regiments in late Victorian popular culture and indeed despite a lot of the kind of rather lofty rhetoric around the pageant that it portrayed it was kind of a symbol of military fraternity it was actually an imperial and to a lesser extent racial logic that was to the fore and this went beyond just casting the West India regiment towards the rear of the procession only a few weeks after the military tournaments it was reported that the British Army was considering a plan to bring each West India regiment battalion to Aldershot for periods of training the proposal was widely criticised in the British press it was noted that while it was perfectly normal for white British soldiers to serve alongside non-white British soldiers in the empire as they've done most recently during the Anglo-Shanty war of 1895-96 the idea of stationing large numbers of non-white soldiers in Britain alongside white British soldiers was seen as unprecedented and it was stated that this would not be popular amongst white British soldiers and the plan was never enacted so whether on show or in training the men of the West India regiments found themselves pushed to the rear their place as part of the regular British army compromised by the imperial and racial logics that were coming to the fore in this period a year after participating in the first sons of the empire pageant detachments from both the first and second battalions of West India regiment travelled to Britain again for an even more significant public event and this was Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee there'd been little public political enthusiasm for the 1887 golden jubilee but that of a decade later was transformed by the conservative union government and especially by Joseph Chamberlain who was the colonial secretary into a true celebration of empire all 11 prime ministers of Britain's self-governing colonies were invited along with contingents of soldiers from India and the rest of the empire the visiting premiers were treated like royal foreign dignitaries and there was a real effort by Chamberlain to impress them with the display of metropolitan wealth and power and Chamberlain's hope was that this would he would be able to obtain mutually beneficial agreements on commerce and imperial defence so as such empire took on centre stage at the diamond jubilee and this moment has often been regarded as like the definitive expression of the ideological dimensions of British imperialism and it was also accompanied by what historians have described as a sense of kind of British race sense sentiments or Britannic nationalism which is at its peak at this period the diamond jubilee itself was celebrated between the 19th and 24th of June with a range of ceremonial festivities displays speeches and official processions in London as well as across Britain and the rest of the empire the unimaginative but flamboyant heart as it's been described of the event was a six mile procession on the 22nd of June from Buckingham Palace for a Thanksgiving service at St Paul's Cathedral hundreds of thousands of spectators watched us as some 50,000 people mainly comprising of troops as well of course as the monarch herself paraded through London over the course of two and a half hours the procession was headed by mounted British troops the colonial escort as it was described in the official program came after the carriages carrying foreign envoys and representatives and pride of place within this colonial escort was given to the 11 colonial premiers the focus of Chamberlain's charm offensive who were accompanied by mounted soldiers from their respective colonies in Canada Australia New Zealand and South Africa near the rear of the escort behind other mounted troops from various colonies came to bodies of colonial infantry now the whole event was widely covered in the press there's a lot of kind of free supplements for newspapers collectors cards the whole paraphernalia that's produced around this moment and in such coverage the presence of the colonial infantry often drew comments the illustrated London news wrote of a mockly array of infantry terrible and yet beautiful to behold Sikhs Chinese from Hong Kong Malays from Singapore Diak Sinhalese houses West India regiments Negroes from British Guyana and dusky warriors from Trinidad in the daily mail GW Stevens wrote as follows up they came more and more new types new realms at every couple of yards an anthropological museum a living gazetteer of the British empire with them came their English officers who they obey and follow like children and you began to understand as never before what the empire amounts to not only that we possess all these remote outlandish places and can bring men from every end of the earth to join us in honoring our Queen but also that all these people are working not simply simply under us but with us that we send out a boy here and a boy there and the boy takes hold of the savages of that party comes to and teaches them to march and shoot as he tells them to obey him and believe in him and die for him and the Queen the sentiments expressed by Stevens are perhaps the clearest window into late Victorian ideas about race and empire which were at their absolute for the pinnacle of the diamond during the diamond you believe we see a kind of strict racial hierarchy albeit once often by the metaphor of family we see the idea of the military itself as a model for empire and for imperial rule of what Stevens called savages and we also see the use of that kind of anthropological museum metaphor such that every color every constant every race every speech was displayed and ordered through the military procession itself now as the illustrated London news had noted the West India regiment was deemed part of this motley away motley array even though it was a regular part of the British army 12 men and non-commissioned officers representing both battalions representing both battalions the diamond jubilee including this man here Sergeant William Gordon they were led by Lieutenant Colonel Jordan Madden commander of the first battalion and as well as marching in the main procession on the 22nd of June the soldiers also participated in a large military review at Aldershot on the 1st of July and joined other colonial troops in visiting Windsor Castle the following day as with other mainly non-white troops they were often subject to a kind of an ethnographic eye during the diamond jubilee and also we get accounts of how and while they were courted at Chelsea barracks they were the subject of much the object of much public interest like people coming up to sort of see them and find out about them and Gordon who was singled out for being the only coloured soldier in her Majesty's service who has the Victoria Cross often featured prominently and amid the kind of array of military types from across the British Empire present at the diamond jubilee the West India Regiment found itself classified as another colonial unit and again you see often this kind of material this kind of almost like semi anthropological kind of categorisation of the soldiers in the West India Regiment and all the non-white forces especially. Now this is not to say that military distinctions went unacknowledged so for example the Illustrated London News sought to ensure that the quote excellent Negro troops of the West India Regiment would not be confused with merely local bodies of armed police from Trinidad and Guyana and of course the fact that they had to clarify that was as I've mentioned a few times before itself a manifestation of contemporary public understanding the misunderstanding. But in the procession on the 22nd of June as with during the Sons of the Empire pageant which can be seen as a kind of trial run the West India Regiment was placed among the motley array of colonial infantry rather than with the rest of the British army and this was also echoed in contemporary accounts so press coverage often drew a distinction between British bread colonials on the one hand Canadians Australians etc who attest them and eat the greatness of the British race and then native colonial troops on the other including the fine fighting West India Regiment so we see a kind of a racial logic becoming coming to the fore in the way in which they're talked about to describe such racialized logics and the kind of sensitivities that could accompany them were also evidence elsewhere during the Diamond Jubilee. At the old shot review on the first of July the West India Regiment soldiers again paraded alongside other representatives of colonial units separate from the British from British metropolitan units. However perhaps because of the military setting they were given pride of place at the front of the colonial infantry forces and in so doing they marched ahead of white colonial soldiers including those of the Western Australia first infantry volunteers and the press reported the unhappiness at the sequencing and describing this as a national slight which ignored Australian sensitivities around race. It was claimed that this insult was also felt more widely amongst other white units who were parading behind the West India Regiment. Whether such reports reflected a genuine sense of grievance or not they certainly articulated the view held by some that the West India Regiment's personnel should be kept in their place within the racial imperial hierarchy. Let me draw some conclusions. The West Australia first infantry volunteers who were so supposedly so incensed because they'd had to march behind the West India Regiment soldiers also featured in the graphics print of our colonial troops with which I started. Published a year after the Diamond Jubilee a striking feature of the image is the conspicuous presence of this West India soldier who stands in the crowd at the middle of the crowd. The white of the shirt and the yellow gold trim on the jacket serves to make the figure stand out from the scarlets and dark blues that characterize most of the other infantry something enhanced of course by the Zawah of uniform and headwear whilst cavalry and other troops at the rear are a rather less distinct presence. The result is to make the West India Regiment a rather unique figure in this scene, something that's reinforced by his immediate setting. So the man's immediate rear stand meant from the Hong Kong European police, the Sierra Leone Frontier Force and the Royal Malta Engineers. Engineers, their darker uniform serving to accentuate his. While two Canadian soldiers from the Governor General's footguards and the Toronto Royal Grenadiers flank him on either side, a similar attire serving as a kind of frame. Meanwhile the corporal from the Trinidad Light Infantry sits at his feet. The central and prominent place of the West India Regiment soldier may have been no more than an artistic choice given the unusual nature of the Zawah of uniform, although there are other Zawah uniforms in this image and those people are right at the edges. But actually if you look at similar prints to this, West India Regiments often are in the middle, which is kind of interesting. I think it also serves to illustrate how the West India Regiment was a kind of prominent feature in late Victorian practices of military display and pageantry and often served as kind of focal point for questions for discussions about race, empire and military service. Indeed, I argue the coverage of the West India Regiments up to and beyond the 1897 Diamond Jubilee turned on this kind of uncertainty about their place in the British Empire and its global military forces. This was there from the very beginning when there were intense disputes about their creation and service, but this sense was reinforced in 1897 by the kind of sheer weight, ideological weight the Diamond Jubilee carried. To put it another way, this supreme moment of Britannic nationalism, as you've been put it, served to clarify the place of the West India Regiments, not only in the amongst kind of military elites, but also in a kind of wider public imagination in that they didn't really belong in, they didn't really count as part of the British Army. Indeed, despite the efforts of Ellis and others, the increased public attention that West India Regiment forces received at this period, this did not secure their place within the British Imperial imagination. And this came down to more than public ignorance, though this did not help. Rather, the symbolic removal from the ranks of the British Army so that they were cast as part, albeit a prominent part, of our colonial troops was the result of their longstanding symbolic and military marginalization. Almost 30 years after the Diamond Jubilee, 20,000 people watched the final trooping of the colour by the West India Regiment at U Park Camp in Jamaica in a ceremony that was described as impressive and full of pathos. The regiment was being disbanded. Lieutenant Colonel W. Miller, its most recent commander, requested that the regimental colours be presented to George V and deposited at Windsor Castle. The War Office agreed, but it refused to pay the travel fares of any soldiers returning from Britain to the Caribbean. In consequence, no African Caribbean personnel could accompany the colours, which were instead taken by seven white British officers and warrant officers who were returning home. Most went straight on leave, leaving Miller with little time to put together a reasonably sized party of men who had only some quite loose connections to the West India Regiment to attend the palace. The presentational party was received at Buckingham Palace with no ceremony other than brief flanks from George V, who acknowledged the fine record of gallantry under the most arduous conditions. And the scene was poignant, not for what occurred at Buckingham Palace. The whole thing took less than 20 minutes, but for how little ceremony there was, and also because of course, who was not there. Of the men who made up the regiment and whose predecessors had been responsible for Dominica, Guadalupe, Sierra Leone, etc., and indeed of the splendid uniform that they've been wearing since 1858, there was no sign. And I think that's an appropriate place to leave this discussion of what it means when the West India Regiment went home. Thank you. Thank you very much for that, David. I'm just going to stop the recording now, everyone, and we can take some questions from the audience.


Okay, let's try. It's so amazing, see? Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Annyeonghaseyo. I'm Dada Kim. So I came back to Dhaka again. And today I will show you the new vibe of Bangladesh. This place is Gurshan, which is the most expensive and fancy area in Bangladesh. Many rich people lives here. And of course, there are so many fancy and nice place in this area. So before I leave Bangladesh, I want to experience here. So that's why I come. And this hotel, the hotel name is the Crown Plaza Hotel Five Star. And one of the most expensive rooms in here. Let's go to check in first. And then I will show you the new vibe of Gurshan Dhaka Bangladesh. Jalo. Assalamualaikum. Very nice, very nice. Check in, please? Yes, indeed. Thank you so much. Sir, whenever you need anything, just place it in the room for me. Okay, thank you so much. Thank you indeed. Oh, the lobby is so fancy. Nice, so clean. Assalamualaikum. Assalamualaikum. Let's go. Let's go. This here or here? Looks very nice. Wow, Hamdulillah. Oh, look at the views. Oh, I can see the Gurshan area in here. Wow, this is crazy. This is so crazy. So crazy, so crazy. Looks amazing. This is amazing. Luxury house. This is so good. I wish this is my house. You know what? Many people think Bangladesh is not very developed country. But like, wow, the luxury place is always so, so, so luxury. Oh my god. Two, three, diving. Wow, it's so cozy. So comfortable. Finally, hot water. Hot water shower, finally. Fancy. There's a classic here. Nice design. Wow, it's nice. Assalamualaikum. Assalamualaikum. This place has amazing views. Really, the view is so cool. So the view is so amazing here. I'll show you. It's amazing. So this is like a course, dining, course lunch. Lunch course. I don't know how to say.  But I came to the luxury place, so I pretend to be a luxury person. Could you give me a cup of hot water? Oh, the water is so brilliant today.  Get a laxate. Today I'm a luxury person, so. Okay, sit like this. Wow. Bismillah. Oh my god. So beautiful. I didn't bring the swimming suits. I won't swim, but maybe later. Wow, it's so nice. Okay, this is the park. This is the library. So, Shundori, Shundori, Shundori, Onak Shundori. Shundori, Shundori. Shundori, Shundori. Shundori, Shundori. I can see many couples. Couples, couples, couple, couple, couple, couple. Okay. Okay, this park name is Gurshan Love Park. Doraemon Adventure. This is an amazing book. Which kids? Maybe, I don't know. It's a rich area, so maybe it's every rich kids, isn't it? Wow, beautiful master. Mashallah, mashallah. This is the moon. Sushi is not Korean food. It's Japanese food. But it's from the absolute Koreans. Hey, absolute Korean. Sushi is Japanese. If it's not delicious, I will be so angry. If not bad. I'm not angry now. So, you have never tried wasabi, right? You can deal with it. It's very spicy sauce. It's not spicy, really? It's not wasabi, maybe? It was not bad, but you have to change the name. It's not absolute Korean. It should be like half Korean or some Korean, like 30% Korean like this. It's not absolute. Oh, fancy, fancy. And there are so many foreign products. So many foreign products. Like souvenirs and foods and furniture and snacks. And so many Pringles. Pringlesana. This is Pringlesana. So many Pringles here. Oh, it's Korean. It's Korean stuff. Oh, so there are so many Korean stuff in here. It's Korean mart. Korean mart. It's Korean mart. Oh, it's the army boy. The soldier boy is here. BTS army. Alhamdulillah. Oh my God. Everybody is here. It's Jungkook. Jungkook. And my husband V. Where is your husband? He's your husband? Yeah. Why? He said he's your... Because I love you. Oh, yeah, yeah. Hey, hello. Hey, hello. How are you? How are you? How are you? This is basically my favorite chicken since we arrived here in Bangladesh. Yeah. And I cannot see my life without the BFC. So that's why I want to... Oh, it's Pringlesana. Good chicken.  Very good chicken. Hi, nice to meet you. So I'm so happy to meet other foreigners in Bangladesh. So I didn't expect this. Yes. And I'm actually... They come here second time as I do. So like... What makes you come here again? Again? Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a nice country. Nice people, nice country, good food. What do you want more? I love the people, amazing experiences. We have lots of friends here. And we're finally happy to meet you, man. I'm so happy too. Yes. Thank you. Thank you for your BFC. So it was really amazing. Yes. It's not the work best because Korean is the best. I'm sorry. I'm so sorry. But Korean is better. Sorry. Okay, but it's really nice. Thank you so much for the interview. Thank you so much for the interview. Have a wonderful time. Thank you. Bye bye. You're so YouTubers. I have to learn. This is Papita. So I can make myself, right? Wow. It's like a street food. How do you feel? So good. Street food in five-star hotel. Five-star hotel. I feel it. Yes. Wow. Wow. You're so professional. How about it? Sweet. It looks very good. Wow. Wow. It's so good. It's so good. It's amazing. I want to cry. It's a taste of happiness. It's so good. Some sour, some spicy. No, it's good. It's sweet. It's the best street food in I've ever had. It's street food, right? Yes. It's street food. It's so good. It's so good. This is a really good idea. Preparing street food in hotel. It's really amazing idea. It's so good. Someone asked me, how much do you like Puska? How much do you like street food in Bangladesh? I even try Puska in five-star hotel. That's how much I love this. Okay, let's try. It was so amazing. See? Bismillah. It's so good. It's so good. It's so good. It's so good. It's similar to... It's so delicious. He is the magician of Puska. He is the magician. This is briyani. It's good. This is chicken masala. Beef steak. It's good. Hello everyone. I arrived hotel again. It was so nice day in Gurshan area.  Thank you so much for inviting. I will show you the night view. It's really amazing. The view is so good. Cake. I love cake. Hamdulillah. Hamdulillah. I really really appreciate about your health. Hospitality and everything. I will never forget about the memories. The beautiful memories in here. In Bangladesh. So tomorrow is my flight. Thank you so much. I will never never never forget. I will miss you so much. Bangladesh. And Bangladesh people. Thank you so much. Thank you for watching my video. Take care and be safe. Thank you so much. Bye.


Hi, my name is Eddie Morse and I'm Rector of IG Delft Institute for Water Education in the Netherlands. I have the honour to introduce to you some of our work that is related to open science and to the Sustainable Development Goals. The first one is water, the second one is on sustainable cities and the third one is on preventing possible conflicts. The examples that are in the booklet that we offer to you are related to citizen participation, open data on open lab where you can look at water diplomacy, data and products that are available on migration and related to preventing possible conflicts, but also on an urban lab and network that deals with urban floods. I hope you will enjoy the reading and I hope you will also connect to us and that together we can say enlarge the space that we have for open science and open data. Thank you very much.


Elites of Russia try to contact with Ukraine and the West because of fear for the future. Ukrainian intelligence noted that Russian businessmen and politicians are trying to avoid responsibility. Representatives of the so-called elites of the Russian Federation fear for their future. In this regard, they are trying to establish contacts with Ukraine and other countries in order to receive security guarantees after the defeat of Russia. Andrey Yusov, a spokesman for the main intelligence directorate of the Defense Ministry, said it. They are looking for ways out, of course, and not only with Ukraine. The geography in which they are trying to get personal security guarantees for themselves, for their fortune, for their families, is quite wide. Andrey Yusov said, According to him, the Russians are thus trying to avoid being held accountable in the future. Now, this is more about the conditional business elite. But there are already representatives of the political segment of the top of the Kremlin's inhabitants. This process will only gain momentum. The representative of the Ukrainian intelligence said it. At the same time, he noted that the Russians will be more actively looking for contacts when the armed forces of Ukraine achieve new successes. Ukraine, of course, uses any tools, the most creative approaches, in order to speed up the liberation of our territories, bringing the aggressor state to justice. Many contacts and operations are being implemented, which we cannot talk about now. But after the victory, believe me, there will be a lot of interesting things Yusov summed up.


My name is Rachel Lebo. I'm one of the informationists with the Welch Medical Library, and we will be going over that new PubMed interface today. As usual, when you want to access PubMed, you always want to go through it from our website. The main reason for that is because then you get connected with our subscriptions and our holdings. So if you're looking for that full text, you can easily come back through our catalog and get access through that or through an library loan. The link we want to use is the one that says PubMed. We still have a PubMed legacy link on here, but that is officially retired and will no longer be updated. So please just use this PubMed link under the literature databases from our Welch.jhmi.edu website. The first thing you notice when we get into new PubMed is the look of it. It is a lot more modern looking. And a little more pleasant to look at as well. When we go down, we still find a lot of our favorite tools that you might be familiar using. Under our magnifying glass, you'll still find the clinical queries and single citation matcher. And under explore, we still have our mesh database link as well. You'll see we do still have a link to legacy. But again, it is not being updated and eventually will most likely go away. Below that we have our trending articles and the latest literature that you can search in popular journals. And the NCBI information below. My point out is the login. This is for the my NCBI account. If you don't have one yet, I highly recommend you sign up for it, because a lot of the functionality in new PubMed will require you to be logged in. For instance, if you wanted to email yourself some citations will only kind of allow you to do that if you are logged in to your my NCBI. So I want to do that quickly. Okay. So the first thing we have is our search string, and I'm just going to put something in to get started on our search. I'm going to just type in peanut allergy. And we get into our display our results display. Now there's a few things here that we can look at but I want to wait until I have it. And then we'll come back to this page. So the first thing I'm going to do is going to this advanced setting this advanced setting was where you could always see your search history and legacy and that's the same thing for today. If I go down to my peanut allergy. I can now click on this carrot you right here. And this shows my search details previously on legacy that would have been on the front page. On the right hand side, that's now found under this carrot key. So I can see how PubMed translated my simple search at allergy using automatic term mapping. And I'm going to come back to that automatic term mapping to show you how the algorithm has changed on how it does it between legacy PubMed and new PubMed. And I want to show you where your search details are so if some reason you're getting some weird results go into your details and see how PubMed has translated your search by the answer. The other thing is if we wanted to add more to our search. I'm going to just quickly type in another concept here add another concept here quickly to show you some other stuff. So basically we can just type it in that query box. We also still have our filters up here. If you just wanted to search by a specific journal, you can always select it from that box, type in your term and add it to your query box. And then we can add it to our history, or if I hover on this arrow I can go back to my search and that will take me back into the main PubMed to do my search. So there's a few ways to search still, which is nice. Now before, if we wanted to add concepts together, we would have a box to the left that would say add add, and we could have a drop down money to select our Boolean operators to put them in our query. That has significantly changed. We now need to use these action dots right here. We click on this. This is where we're finding our add to query now. So if I add that it populates up in my box up here. Now if I go to my next concept, and click on those action dots. This is where my Boolean operators will now appear is when I click on that second concept. I want want to add it with and I'll just click that will populate it up here with my Boolean. What you can do with PubMed is you do want your Boolean operators to be in all caps. PubMed will change the search a little bit. If you put it in lower case. So make sure when you're using your Boolean operators your ores and ants that they are in all caps. All right from here I'm going to search. Hover, go back to search. I'm going to bring me back into my results display. So there's a few things added to our results. We now have a result slider for the year. If we kind of hover on one of the markings we can see in 2011 there were 75 articles on this topic. So we can go that way and we can use our slider to change our year range if you would like. We'll have the option below to change that as well. Using a one year five year 10 year or a custom range right down here so we can still change it that way as well if we wanted a custom range. We could easily go and just type in our range from here. So then I can kind of select the dates I want in the years. We have our other filters over here for instance if you're looking for a specific article type. You want to look at systematic reviews. You have them under this article type. If you don't see one you like. You can always go to this additional filters. And this is where they are all located. So we can easily click and show them to have them up here on that left hand side. They do have a new filter as well that they have added to my article attribute. And the filter located here is associated data. I were to filter down to this. My results would be results that have associated data, either with them as supplementary content, or as a link to like clinical trials that go. So for instance, if I were to click on this one. I can go into my article display. And if I go over here, my right hand, I have this page navigation, I can click on that associated data. It will zoom me to where it is. And I see I can find that data at critical trials.gov and have to direct me. So it's a nice new filter that we can narrow down if we're specifically looking for data for backups and stuff. So this is a nice new feature there for us. The other thing while I'm in the article display is along with this page navigation, we can still see similar articles. If this was indexed with mesh, we would have one of those, but it's all kind of layered on top of each other now. So we have this right page navigation. What we have is we can easily scroll through our results using our next result and previous result by just hover, we can get a preview of what the next article will be. Same with previous, we can go back, which is kind of nice as well. Going through the Welch website, we still have our find it button. So you can access that full text through our catalog. We have a couple other new buttons here. We have our share options. Now you can easily share an article on Twitter or Facebook. And we also get a permalink if you wanted to share this article with somebody and give them the exact link for find it. We have those. We still have our site options. Okay, just in a couple options, but if you wanted to quickly cite something in an email or a paper, you can easily do that and copy it. Other options we have would be to save it. You wanted to save your citation. You wanted to email it to yourself. Again, this is where you would have to put in email you want to email it to, and you can send it. This seems to only be working right now if you're logged into your My NCBI account. So just make sure you're that, and then you can send the email. Or you can send it to your clipboard if you like to use that function, your bibliography, a citation manager or collections and your My NCBI. I go back to my search results. I have a few differences here too. Let's say there's just a couple I wanted to save. So if I select them, if you do like the clipboard feature, which some people do, they use it as kind of a yes pile. I can go to the send to and select clipboard clipboard used to be over on the right hand side. It now appears below your search box. If you decide to use it, you can access it right there. The other things you'll want to know is if you use a citation manager. If you used to save it as a mudline and legacy, you'd come over here. And you'd have a big file and you'd save it in the mudline format in order to import it into a citation manager like refworks or end notes. They have changed that a little bit. Now if we go to save, and we have our selection or you can select all the results or just the results on our page. The format we want to select now to export for citation manager is PubMed. This is now what is called PubMed format. So when we click on that, we can create the file. It will save it as that TXT file that we can then import into our preferred citation manager. So that is a big change as well. A few other things that have changed is the use of the asterisk. Before you could put the asterisk after three characters and it would search the first 600 alternate endings for that root word. Now you can only use the asterisk after four characters. So if you were doing a search on like mobile app. You could not put the asterisk behind the APP to get apps or application. You need at least four characters before you can use that that asterisk. Likewise, it now searches unlimited, unlimited amounts of root endings. It does not stop after 600. So we no longer get that preview of what endings it's searched. So just be cautious when you're using that asterisk that you need at least four characters and it will be unlimited searching. So always kind of be aware of where you're putting that asterisk and how you're using it. The other thing is your display options. It automatically will display by summary and actually by best match. This is going to be your default right here. The summary view will provide snippets of the articles. Let me go back to our main search here. All right. So I had it last done by publication date. So this is kind of your, your default is going to be summary and best match. And your, and your display per page will actually be 10. So before you go through stuff, maybe go through that display option and see what you want to change the summary is not too bad. You get a little snippet of what the article is about, including highlighting or bolding of the text that you used in your search strategy. If you like that abstract view, you can easily change that to the abstract view. You can sort by your best match most recent publication date journal for software. And you can have more than temper page. I always like to have about 200 or something. But then we can just look through them that way. And you can change it. If you change it to that abstract view, you still will get your You'll find that find it button, but easily, and you'll get the mesh terms that have been applied to those right away as well. So it's kind of a nice feature that you can switch between those. However, you prefer to use that a couple other things in searching that ATM I talked about.  What ATM is if you're not familiar is how public kind of helps you in the background, and it will map your search to first a mesh term. If it doesn't find a mesh term for it, it will broaden out like journals and author names. So it's kind of a way that PubMed tries to decipher what you're telling it.  If we want to put, we can put it in quotes that will turn it off easily. We can also use that the field tag. Like that bracket to W which will search most of that citation record that will turn it off as well. And then using an asterisk will also turn that off. You'll see either way I'm getting the same number of results. You can also use a hyphen. PubMed will typically ignore that hyphen and just search it as our quoted version. So most punctuation will be ignored in PubMed. If we're doing phrase searching, we'll still want to put it in quotation marks like I showed you with the kidney allograft. So another thing we can do if, which we could not do in legacy PubMed, we can now use the asterisk within our quotation marks. We could not do that in legacy. So that's a nice new feature is being able to apply that asterisk within our quotation marks and being able to search it that way. So then we're getting injuries, injuries, injured, etc. One of the main things I told you was different in PubMed. I want to show you as given the legacy here quickly. One thing I told you was that automatic term mapping and how that worked. So for instance, if I just type in a basic term, I'm not using the asterisk the quotes or field tag because I don't want to turn it off because I want to show you how to, what happens here. So if I were to type in hemorrhage, it would use the automatic term mapping and do a search for me. I could come down, I would get 417,000 results. I could come down here to my search details. And I see it mapped to hemorrhage the mesh term. And then it also searched the American spelling and the British spelling of hemorrhage and all fields for me, resulting 417,000 plus results. If I'm in PubMed, new PubMed, and I do that same search and do my search, I get almost 5 million results. If I go into this advanced, I can go down to my details. Remember, this is where search details lives now in this carrot. And I see that PubMed actually mapped it to blood to hematology. It mapped it to hemorrhage. It mapped it to hematoma as well. So it's really the, the algorithm for ATM has really been enhanced. I'll use that word. It's gotten a lot bigger. And so it can really make your search get out of hand very fast if you like to search this way. So keep that in mind. If you're getting a lot of results or some odd results, look at your search details and see how that new ATM algorithm is working on your search. Remember to turn this off. We can put it in quotes. We can use field tags. Or we can use that asterisk. So I could easily bring this down by doing a simple title abstract search. I'm going to go ahead and add my history so you can see on this page. And I can bring it down to 155,000 already. And my details show it only searched for hemorrhage in the title and abstract with the way I spelled it. So just keep that in mind in the background. The other main thing is if you're doing like a systematic review. And you have over 10,000 results that you want to export put into your citation manager. In Legacy PubMed, you could export, let's say you have 20,000 results that you need to export. In Legacy PubMed, you could export all 20,000 of those at one time. In New PubMed, you will be capped at 10,000. So ways to get around that is maybe if you filter it by date, then you can just kind of do dated chunks, you know, this year to this year export, this year to this year export. That way you get them all, but you can keep yourself organized while you're trying to export them to get all of them exported because you will be capped at only 10,000 in New PubMed. Is there anything I may have not mentioned that you like to use in Legacy PubMed that you're wondering about, or something I wasn't quite clear about that you wanted me to show again. Go ahead and put that in the chat. While you guys are doing that, if you do have questions, I'm going to pop into back to the Welch website here. And I do want to point out a few things if you do have questions about Legacy PubMed or you're having troubles with your search, you can always go to this find your informationist. When you are in here, you can easily search by name if you remember your informationist names, or you can search by your department to you can easily find that and you can contact your informationist to get help on PubMed, or to get help with that So don't be afraid to contact us. We are happy to help you as you're searching. The other thing we have from our main page here if you scroll the way to the bottom we have these library guides. And these library guides are really great and helping to we do have expert searching that will have PubMed search tips on it, as well as other databases. So we'll go over ways to find keywords controlled vocabulary information like that we have citation management we have a systematic review we have a lot of different ones. So again, this is a great place to come look for additional information, as well as our YouTube channel where we have a lot of other recordings of classes we've taught in the past. Is there any questions. Let's see any yet. There are no questions that's kind of all I wanted to show you today because there wasn't too much. There's just a few little things. So you're very welcome. There's just a few little things I've changed and a lot of background stuff so I wanted to make sure you guys were all aware of that as you start working with this new PubMed. Any other questions I want to thank you all for coming today and joining in this. And again if you have any questions, go ahead and contact your informationist, and you can work through you with your search and getting it through this new interface together. Thank you all for coming.